kb/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_artificial_intelligence-1.md

title	chunk	source	category	tags	date_saved	instance
Outline of artificial intelligence	2/6	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_artificial_intelligence	reference	science, encyclopedia	2026-05-05T08:01:55.031543+00:00	kb-cron

=== Search === Discrete search algorithms Uninformed search Brute force search – Problem-solving technique and algorithmic paradigmPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Search tree – Data structure in tree form sorted for fast lookup Breadth-first search – Algorithm to search the nodes of a graph Depth-first search – Algorithm to search the nodes of a graph State space search – Class of search algorithmsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Informed search Best-first search – Graph exploring search algorithm A* search algorithm – Algorithm used for pathfinding and graph traversal Heuristics – Problem-solving methodPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Pruning (algorithm) – Data compression techniquePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Adversarial search Minmax algorithm – Decision rule used for minimizing the possible loss for a worst-case scenarioPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Logic as search Production system (computer science) – Computer program used to provide artificial intelligence Rule based system – Type of computer systemPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Production rule – Computer program used to provide artificial intelligence Inference rule – Method of deriving conclusionsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Horn clause – Type of logical formula Forward chaining – Inference engine in an expert system Backward chaining – Method of forming inferences Planning as search State space search – Class of search algorithmsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Means–ends analysis – Problem solving technique

=== Optimization search === Optimization (mathematics) algorithms Hill climbing – Optimization algorithm Simulated annealing – Probabilistic optimization technique and metaheuristic Beam search – Heuristic search algorithm Random optimization – Optimization technique in mathematics Evolutionary computation Genetic algorithms – Competitive algorithm for searching a problem spacePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Gene expression programming – Evolutionary algorithm Genetic programming – Evolving computer programs with techniques analogous to natural genetic processes Differential evolution – Method of mathematical optimization Society based learning algorithms. Swarm intelligence – Collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems Particle swarm optimization – Iterative simulation method Ant colony optimization – Optimization algorithmPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Metaheuristic – Optimization technique

=== Logic === Logic and automated reasoning Programming using logic Logic programming – Programming paradigm based on formal logic See "Logic as search" above. Forms of Logic Propositional logic First-order logic First-order logic with equality Constraint satisfaction – Process in artificial intelligence and operations research Fuzzy logic Fuzzy set theory – Sets whose elements have degrees of membershipPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Fuzzy systems – Method to analyze non-binary inputsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Combs method Ordered weighted averaging aggregation operator Perceptual Computing – Default reasoning and other solutions to the frame problem and qualification problem Non-monotonic logic – Formal logic whose entailment relation is not monotonic Abductive reasoning Default logic – Type of non-monotonic logic Circumscription (logic) – Non-monotonic logic created by John McCarthy Closed world assumption – Assumption that what is not known to be true is falsePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Domain specific logics Representing categories and relations Description logic – Family of formal knowledge representation Semantic network – Knowledge base that represents semantic relations between concepts in a network Inheritance (object-oriented programming) – Process of deriving classes from, and organizing them into, a hierarchy Frame (artificial intelligence) – Artificial intelligence data structure Scripts (artificial intelligence) – Psychological theoryPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Representing events and time Situation calculus – Logic formalism Event calculus – Language for reasoning and representing events Fluent calculus – Formalism for expressing dynamical domains in first-order logic Causes and effects causal calculus – How one process influences another Knowledge about knowledge Belief revision Modal logics paraconsistent logics Planning using logic Satplan – Method for automated planning Learning using logic Inductive logic programming – Learning logic programs from data Explanation based learning Relevance based learning Case based reasoning – Process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problemsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets General logic algorithms Automated theorem proving – Subfield of automated reasoning and mathematical logic

=== Other symbolic knowledge and reasoning tools === Symbolic representations of knowledge

Ontology (information science) – Specification of a conceptualization Upper ontology – Ontology applicable across domains of knowledge Domain ontology – Specification of a conceptualizationPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Frame (artificial intelligence) – Artificial intelligence data structure Semantic net – Knowledge base that represents semantic relations between concepts in a networkPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Conceptual Dependency Theory – Natural language understanding modelPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Unsolved problems in knowledge representation

Default reasoning – Type of non-monotonic logicPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Frame problem – Issue in artificial intelligence and categorical algebra Qualification problem Commonsense knowledge

=== Probabilistic methods for uncertain reasoning === Stochastic methods for uncertain reasoning: Bayesian networks Bayesian inference algorithm Bayesian learning and the expectation-maximization algorithm Bayesian decision theory and Bayesian decision networks Probabilistic perception and control: Dynamic Bayesian networks Hidden Markov model Kalman filters Fuzzy Logic – System for reasoning about vaguenessPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Decision tools from economics: Decision theory Decision analysis Information value theory Markov decision processes Dynamic decision networks Game theory Mechanism design Algorithmic information theory – Subfield of information theory and computer science Algorithmic probability – Mathematical method of assigning a prior probability to a given observation

=== Classifiers and statistical learning methods === Classifier (mathematics) and Statistical classification Alternating decision tree Artificial neural network (see below) K-nearest neighbor algorithm Kernel methods Support vector machine Naive Bayes classifier