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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| List of geophysicists | 2/4 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_geophysicists | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T08:10:07.775175+00:00 | kb-cron |
Gerhard Fanselau (German, 1904–1982) – geomagnetic observations Joseph Charles Farman (British, 1930–2013) – co-discoverer of the ozone hole Yevgeny Konstantinovich Fyodorov (Russian, 1910–1981) – pioneer in Arctic geophysical survey Osmond Fisher (British, 1817–1914) – continental drift John Adam Fleming (American, 1877–1956) – magnetosphere and atmospheric electricity James David Forbes (British, 1809–1868) – built the first seismometer Scott Forbush (American, 1904–1984) – solar-terrestrial interactions and the Forbush decrease Efi Foufoula-Georgiou (Greek, 1957–) – wavelet analysis Gillian Foulger (English, 1952– ) – plate theory Robert Were Fox the Younger (British, 1789–1877) – discovered the geothermal gradient; constructed a dip circle for use at sea Benjamin Franklin (American, 1706–1790) – established that lightning is electrical
== G == Carl Friedrich Gauss (German, 1777–1855) – first mathematical representation of Earth's magnetic field; geodetic surveys Henry Gellibrand (English, 1597–1637) – discovered that magnetic declination varies with time James Freeman Gilbert (American, 1931–2014) – development of geophysical inverse theory; network of seismometers to study Earth's free oscillation William Gilbert (English, 1544–1603) – early magnetic experiments; first to argue that the Earth itself is magnetic George Graham (English 1673 – November 1751) – discovery of the diurnal variation of the Earth's magnetic field; related Aurora borealis to magnetic field variations Cecil H. Green (British-born American, 1900–2003) – exploration geophysics geophysical entrepreneur and philanthropist; Maurice Ewing Medal (SEG) Harsh Gupta (Indian, 1942– ) – methodology for discriminating normal earthquakes from reservoir-induced ones, study on the genesis of stable continental region earthquakes; Padma Shri, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize and Waldo E. Smith Award Beno Gutenberg (American, 1889–1960) – probability distribution of earthquake energies and relation of energy to magnitude
== H ==
Edmond Halley (English, 1656–1742) – first chart of Earth's magnetic field Christopher Hansteen (Norwegian, 1784–1873) – produced the first charts of the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field Harry Hammond Hess (American, 1906–1969) – seafloor gravity anomalies and theory of seafloor spreading Georg Hartmann (German, 1489–1564) – kept early records of magnetic declination Bernhard Haurwitz (American, 1905–1986) – meteorology Veikko Aleksanteri Heiskanen (Finnish, 1895–1971) – studies of the global geoid Raymond Hide (British, 1929–2016) Arthur Holmes (British, 1890–1965) – performed first uranium–lead dating M. King Hubbert (American, 1903–1989) – correct statement of Darcy's law and mathematical demonstration that rock undergoes plastic deformation; Vetlesen Prize Alexander von Humboldt (German, 1769–1859) – global network of geomagnetic observatories Rosemary Hutton (Scottish, 1925–2004) – geophysicist and pioneer of magnetotellurics
== I == Akitsune Imamura (Japanese, 1870–1948) – seismologist Ted Irving (Canadian, 1927–2014) – early paleomagnetic evidence for continental drift Ahmet Mete Işıkara (Turkish, 1941–2013) – earthquake scientist
== J == James A. Jackson (English, 1954– ) – seismologist; contributed to rebuttal of the 'jelly sandwich' model of the crust John Arthur “Jack” Jacobs (English 1916 – 2003) - primary area of research was geomagnetism Harold Jeffreys (British, 1891–1989) – deduced that the Earth's outer core is molten; contributed to mathematical geophysics; Vetlesen Prize Lucy Jones (American, 1955– ) – earthquake science and safety Thomas H. Jordan (American, 1948– ) – seismic contributions to plate tectonics
== K == Hiroo Kanamori (American, 1936– ) – fundamental contributions to the physics of earthquakes; Kyoto Prize Louise H. Kellogg (American, 1959–2019) – modeling of the Earth's mantle William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (Irish, 1824–1907) – influential estimate of the age of the Earth, ultimately proved incorrect Alexander A. Kaufman (Russian-American, 1931–2023) – major contributions to time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) methods and through-casing resistivity measurements.
== L == Kurt Lambeck (Dutch, 1941– ) – changed understanding of the ways post-glacial rebound affects ocean levels; awarded Wollaston Medal and Balzan Prize Johann von Lamont (Scottish, 1805–1879) – surveys of the Earth's magnetic field Louis J. Lanzerotti (American, 1938– ) – magnetosphere and ionosphere; awarded William Bowie Medal Joseph Larmor (Northern Irish, 1857–1942) – proton precession, dynamo theory Inge Lehmann (Danish, 1888–1993) – seismologist who discovered the Lehmann discontinuity and argued for a solid inner core Xavier Le Pichon (French, 1937–2025) – constructed history of plate motions Royden Charles Lilwall (British, 1944-2023) - Geophysicist / seismologist locating the epicenter of earthquakes Humphrey Lloyd (Irish, 1800–1881) – observational geomagnetism Cinna Lomnitz (Chilean–Mexican, 1925–2016) – creator of "Lomnitz Law", founder of Mexico's first seismic network and editor of Geofísica Internacional Andrew Long (Australian, 1965– ) – developed widely used instruments for marine exploration for oil and gas; Honorary Lecturer (Pacific South) for the Society of Exploration Geophysicists Augustus Edward Hough Love (English, 1863–1940) – developed theory of Love waves Bruce P. Luyendyk (American, 1943– ) – marine geophysics Leon Thomsen (American, 1942 ) - Seismic anisotropy Thomsen parameters (Awards: Maurice Ewing Medal, N.A.E.)
== M ==