4.5 KiB
| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| List of consonants | 3/3 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_consonants | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T08:11:26.147099+00:00 | kb-cron |
=== Glottalized consonants ===
==== Reinforced airstream ==== Voiceless labioglottal plosive[ʔᵖ] Voiceless alveologlottal plosive[ʔᵗ] Voiceless veloglottal plosive[ʔᵏ]
==== Blocked airstream ==== Voiced glottalized alveolar nasal [nˀ] Voiced glottalized alveolar plosive [tˀ] Voiced glottalized dental fricative [ðˀ]
==== Restricted airstream ==== Creaky-voiced bilabial nasal [m̰]
==== Whispery voice ==== Breathy-voiced bilabial nasal [mʱ] Breathy-voiced bilabial plosive [bʱ] Breathy-voiced alveolar plosive [dʱ] Breathy-voiced velar plosive [gʱ]
=== Click consonants === The less common clicks, such as are found in Taa, are not included.
Simple clicks bilabial clicks (= ⟨ɋ⟩) either velar: voiceless bilabial click [ᵏʘ] voiced bilabial click [ᶢʘ] bilabial nasal click [ᵑʘ] or uvular: [𐞥ʘ], [𐞒ʘ], [ᶰʘ] dental clicks (= ⟨ʇ⟩) either velar: voiceless dental click [ᵏǀ] voiced dental click [ᶢǀ] dental nasal click [ᵑǀ] or uvular: [𐞥ǀ], [𐞒ǀ], [ᶰǀ] (post)alveolar click (= ⟨ʗ⟩) either velar: voiceless alveolar click [ᵏǃ] voiced alveolar click [ᶢǃ] alveolar nasal click [ᵑǃ] or uvular: [𐞥ǃ], [𐞒ǃ], [ᶰǃ] alveolar lateral clicks (= ⟨ʖ⟩) either velar: voiceless alveolar lateral click [ᵏǁ] voiced alveolar lateral click [ᶢǁ] alveolar lateral nasal click [ᵑǁ] or uvular: [𐞥ǁ], [𐞒ǁ], [ᶰǁ] retroflex clicks (= ⟨ψ⟩) either velar: voiceless retroflex click [ᵏ𝼊 ] voiced retroflex click [ᶢ𝼊 ] retroflex nasal click [ᵑ𝼊 ] or uvular: [𐞥𝼊 ], [𐞒𝼊 ], [ᶰ𝼊 ] palatal clicks (= ⟨ 𝼋 ⟩) either velar: voiceless palatal click [ᵏǂ] voiced palatal click [ᶢǂ] palatal nasal click [ᵑǂ] or uvular: [𐞥ǂ], [𐞒ǂ], [ᶰǂ] Glottalized clicks velar (uvular clicks not shown): glottalized bilabial nasal click [ᵑ̊ʘˀ] glottalized dental nasal click [ᵑ̊ǀˀ] glottalized alveolar nasal click [ᵑ̊ǃˀ] glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click [ᵑ̊ǁˀ] glottalized retroflex nasal click [ᵑ̊𝼊ˀ] glottalized palatal nasal click [ᵑ̊ǂˀ] Pulmonic-contour clicks voiceless bilabial linguo-pulmonic stop [ʘ͡q] voiced bilabial linguo-pulmonic stop [ʘ͡ɢ] voiceless dental linguo-pulmonic stop [ǀ͡q] voiced dental linguo-pulmonic stop [ǀ͡ɢ] voiceless alveolar linguo-pulmonic stop [ǃ͡q] voiced alveolar linguo-pulmonic stop [ǃ͡ɢ] voiceless alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic stop [ǁ͡q] voiced alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic stop [ǁ͡ɢ] voiceless retroflex linguo-pulmonic stop [𝼊͡q] voiced retroflex linguo-pulmonic stop [𝼊͡ɢ] voiceless palatal linguo-pulmonic stop [ǂ͡q] voiced palatal linguo-pulmonic stop [ǂ͡ɢ] voiceless bilabial linguo-pulmonic affricate [ʘ͡χ] voiced bilabial linguo-pulmonic affricate [ʘ͡ʁ] voiceless dental linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǀ͡χ] voiced dental linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǀ͡ʁ] voiceless alveolar linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǃ͡χ] voiced alveolar linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǃ͡ʁ] voiceless alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǁ͡χ] voiced alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǁ͡ʁ] voiceless retroflex linguo-pulmonic affricate [𝼊͡χ] voiced retroflex linguo-pulmonic affricate [𝼊͡ʁ] voiceless palatal linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǂ͡χ] voiced palatal linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǂ͡ʁ] Ejective-contour clicks bilabial linguo-glottalic stop [ʘ͡qʼ] dental linguo-glottalic stop [ǀ͡qʼ] alveolar linguo-glottalic stop [ǃ͡qʼ] alveolar lateral linguo-glottalic stop [ǁ͡qʼ] retroflex linguo-glottalic stop [𝼊͡qʼ] palatal linguo-glottalic stop [ǂ͡qʼ] bilabial linguo-glottalic affricate [ʘ͡χʼ] dental linguo-glottalic affricate [ǀ͡χʼ] alveolar linguo-glottalic affricate [ǃ͡χʼ] alveolar lateral linguo-glottalic affricate [ǁ͡χʼ] retroflex linguo-glottalic affricate [𝼊͡χʼ] palatal linguo-glottalic affricate [ǂ͡χʼ]
=== Percussive consonants === The bilabial and bidental percussives are not found in any language, but occur as phonetic detail or through speech defects. However, the sublaminal or sublingual percussive is found in Sandawe and in some dialects of Gan Chinese.
bilabial percussive [ʬ] bidental percussive [ʭ] Sublaminal lower-alveolar percussive [¡]
== See also == Consonant Index of phonetics articles