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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| List of calques | 2/4 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_calques | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T08:11:20.996893+00:00 | kb-cron |
French courriel (contraction of courrier électronique) calques English email (contraction of electronic mail) French disque dur calques English hard disk French carte mère calques English motherboard French eau de vie calques Latin aqua vitae French en ligne calques English online French hors-ligne (literally: "out of line, off line") calques English offline French haute résolution calques English high resolution French haute tension calques English high voltage French disque compact calques English compact disc French haute fidélité calques English hi-fi (high fidelity) French large bande calques English broadband French modulation de fréquence calques English frequency modulation (FM) French média de masse calques English mass media French seconde main calques English second hand French sortir du placard calques English to come out of the closet French surhomme calques German Übermensch (Nietzsche's concept) French souris calques English mouse (computer peripheral) French OVNI (Objet Volant Non Identifié) calques English UFO (Unidentified Flying Object) In some dialects of French, the English term "weekend" becomes la fin de semaine ("the end of week"), a calque, but in some it is left untranslated as le week-end, a loanword. French cor anglais (literally English horn) is a near-calque of English French horn. In English cor anglais refers to a completely different musical instrument.
=== Spanish ===
Many calques found in Southwestern US Spanish come from English:
Spanish escuela alta calques English high school (secundaria or escuela secundaria in Standard Spanish) Spanish grado (de escuela) calques English grade (in school) (nota in Standard Spanish) Spanish manzana de Adán calques English Adam's apple (nuez de Adán, meaning "Adam's nut", in standard Spanish), which in turn is a calque of French pomme d'Adam
Also technological terms calqued from English are used throughout the Spanish-speaking world:
Spanish rascacielos calques English skyscraper Spanish tarjeta de crédito calques English credit card Spanish alta tecnología calques English high technology Spanish disco compacto calques English compact disc Spanish correo electrónico calques English electronic mail Spanish alta resolución calques English high resolution Spanish enlace calques English link (Internet) Spanish ratón calques English mouse (computer) Spanish nave espacial calques English spaceship Spanish en un momento dado calques Dutch op een gegeven moment (At a certain moment) Spanish Red Mundial calques English World Wide Web Spanish videograbadora calques English VCR (contraction of videocassette recorder)
=== Italian ===
Italian aria condizionata calques English air conditioned Italian fine settimana calques English week-end Italian ferrovia (railway: lit. "iron road") calques French Chemin de fer or the German Eisenbahn
== Germanic languages ==
=== Afrikaans and Dutch ===
Afrikaans aartappel and Dutch aardappel calque French pomme de terre (English potato "earth apple") Afrikaans besigheid calques English business Afrikaans e-pos calques English e-mail Afrikaans hardeskyf and Dutch harde schijf calque English hard disk Afrikaans klankbaan calques English sound track Afrikaans kleurskyfie calques English colour slide Afrikaans sleutelbord calques English keyboard Afrikaans tuisblad calques English homepage Afrikaans wolkekrabber and Dutch wolkenkrabber calque German Wolkenkratzer (which itself calques English sky scraper). Afrikaans melkskommel calques English milkshake Afrikaans werkswinkel calques English workshop Afrikaans geheuestokkie calques English memory stick Afrikaans biertuin calques German Biergarten (probably via English beer garden)
=== German ===
Fußball calques English "football", referring specifically to association football Teddybär calques English teddy bear Wolkenkratzer calques English skyscraper Entwickeln calques French "developer" Flutlicht calques English floodlight Datenverarbeitung calques English data processing Großmutter and Großvater calques French grand-mère and grand-père (replacing original Ahn, Ähnin which now mean "forbear") Rundreise calques French tournée Fernsehen calques English television (from the Greek affix tele- "far" and Latin visio "sight") Fernsprecher calques English telephone (more frequently called with the loanword Telefon) Löwenzahn calques French dent-de-lion (dandelion, literally "lion's tooth") Überleben calques Latin supervivo (survive, literally "overlive", which is a synonym of survive) Treppenwitz calques French l'esprit de l'escalier (staircase wit) herunterladen calques English download Wochenende calques English week-end (which actually was first used as a foreign word, but now has been all but replaced by the calque)
=== Icelandic ===
Icelandic rafmagn, "electricity", is a half-calqued coinage that literally means "amber power". raf translates the Greek root ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron), which means "amber" magn, "power", is descriptive of electricity's nature but not a direct calque from the source word "electricity" Samviska (conscience). One of the early suggestions for an Icelandic translation of helicopter was þyrilvængja, twirling wings, a calque of the Greek helico-pteron. This was later replaced with þyrla.
=== Dano-Norwegian ===
Note: From a technical standpoint, Danish and the bokmål standard of Norwegian are the same language, with minor spelling and pronunciation differences (equivalent to British and American English). For this reason, they will share a section.
Danish børnehave and Norwegian barnehage calque German Kindergarten: barne = børne = Kinder = children; hage = have = Garten = garden hjemmeside calques English home page. Danish hjerneflugt and Norwegian hjerneflukt (literally, brain flight) calque English brain drain. Danish idiotsikker calques English "foolproof". loppemarked calques French marché aux puces (flea market, itself a calque from the French). mandag (Monday), from Old Norse mánadagr ("moon day") calques Latin dies lunæ. Danish overhoved and Norwegian overhode (head of a family, chief) calques German Oberhaupt (ober "over", Haupt "head"). Danish samvittighed and Norwegian samvittighet (conscience) calques Latin (through Low German) conscientia (com "with", scire "to know"). From sam- (co-) and vittig (today meaning "funny" but which stems from Low German, where it meant "reasonable", related to "vite" (to know) and English "wit".) Norwegian tenåring calques English teenager: femten = fifteen, åring = annual harvest
=== Swedish ===
skyskrapa calques English skyscraper. stora smällen calques English the big bang tonåring calques English teen-ager: femton = fifteen, åring = annual harvest
== Slavic languages ==
=== Serbian === Serbian 'misliti izvan kutije' calques English 'to think outside of the box': Sr. 'misliti' = Eng. 'to think' Sr. 'izvan' = Eng. 'outside' Sr. 'kutija' = Eng. 'box'