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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Classification of silicate minerals | 1/3 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification_of_silicate_minerals | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T08:09:33.280850+00:00 | kb-cron |
This list gives an overview of the classification of minerals (silicates) and includes mostly International Mineralogical Association (IMA) recognized minerals and its groupings. This list complements the List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association series of articles and List of minerals. Rocks, ores, mineral mixtures, non-IMA approved minerals and non-named minerals are mostly excluded.
== Classification of minerals ==
=== Introduction === The grouping of the New Dana Classification and of the mindat.org is similar only, and so this classification is an overview only. Consistency is missing too on the group name endings (group, subgroup, series) between New Dana Classification and mindat.org. Category, class and supergroup name endings are used as layout tools in the list as well.
==== Abbreviations ==== "*" – mineral not IMA-approved. "Q" – doubtful/questionable. Rn – renaming. Rd – redefinition. "REE" – rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu). "PGE" – platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt). "s.p." – special procedure.
=== Category '9': silicate minerals ===
Unclassified silicates
==== Subclass '9.A': nesosilicates ====
Zircon group: MSiO4 (a group of simple tetragonal silicates where M = tetravalent Zr, Th, or Hf) Hafnon HfSiO4, Stetindite Ce[SiO4], Thorite (Th,U)SiO4, Zircon ZrSiO4, Coffinite U(SiO4)1−x(OH)4x, Thorogummite Th(SiO4)1−x(OH)4x, IMA2008-035 CeSiO4 Olivine group Calcio-Olivine Ca2SiO4, Fayalite (Fe2+)2[SiO4], Forsterite Mg2[SiO4], Laihunite Fe2+(Fe3+)2(SiO4)2, Liebenbergite (Ni,Mg)2[SiO4], Olivine (Mg,Fe2+)2[SiO4], Tephroite (Mn2+)2[SiO4] Phenakite group Phenakite Be2SiO4, Willemite Zn2SiO4, Eucryptite LiAlSiO4 Al2(SiO4)O Sillimanite subgroup Sillimanite Al[6]Al[4]OSiO4, Mullite Al(4+2x)Si(2−2x)O(10−x) (x=0.17 to 0.59), Boromullite Al4.5SiB0.5O9.5 Andalusite subgroup Andalusite Al[6]Al[5]OSiO4, Kanonaite (Mn3+,Al)AlSiO5, Yoderite Mg2(Al,Fe3+)6Si4O18(OH)2 Kyanite Al[6]Al[6]OSiO4 Titanite group Titanite CaTiSiO5, Malayaite CaSnOSiO4, Vanadomalayaite CaVOSiO4 Cerite group Cerite-(Ce) (Ce3+)9Fe3+(SiO4)6(SiO3)(OH)3, Cerite-(La) (La,Ce,Ca)9(Mg,Fe3+)(SiO4)6SiO3(OH)3, Aluminocerite-(Ce) (Ce,REE,Ca)9(Al,Fe3+)(SiO4)3[SiO3(OH)]4(OH)3 Silicate apatites Ellestadite* Ca5(SiO4,PO4,SO4)3(F,OH,Cl), Britholite-(Ce) (Ce,Ca,Th,La,Nd)5(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F), Britholite-(Y) (Y,Ca)5(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F), Ellestadite-(F) Ca5(SiO4,PO4,SO4)3(F,OH,Cl), Ellestadite-(OH) Ca5(SiO4,SO4)3(OH,Cl,F), Ellestadite-(Cl) Ca5(SiO4,PO4,SO4)3(Cl,OH,F), Mattheddleite Pb20(SiO4)7(SO4)4Cl4, Karnasurtite-(Ce) (Ce,La,Th)(Ti,Nb)(Al,Fe3+)(Si,P)2O7(OH)4·3(H2O) (?), Fluorbritholite-(Ce) (Ca,Ce,La,Na)5(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F), Fluorcalciobritholite (Ca,REE)5[(Si,P)O4]3F Uranophane group Kasolite Pb(UO2)SiO4·H2O, Uranophane Ca(UO2)2SiO3(OH)2·5H2O, Sklodowskite (H3O)2Mg(UO2)2(SiO4)2·4H2O, Cuprosklodowskite Cu[(UO2)(SiO2OH)]2·6H2O, Boltwoodite HK(UO2)(SiO4)·1.5H2O, Natroboltwoodite (H3O)(Na,K)(UO2)SiO4·H2O, Oursinite (Co,Mg)(H3O)2[(UO2)SiO4]2·3H2O, Swamboite U7+H6(UO2)6(SiO4)6·30H2O, Uranophane-beta Ca[(UO2)SiO3(OH)]2·H2O Datolite group Datolite series Datolite CaBSiO4(OH), Hingganite-(Ce) (Ce,Ca)2([ ],Fe)Be2Si2O8[(OH),O]2, Hingganite-(Y) Y2([ ])Be2Si2O8(OH)2, Hingganite-(Yb) (Yb,Y)2([ ])Be2Si2O8(OH)2, Calcybeborosilite-(Y) (REE,Ca)2 2(SiO4)2(OH,O)2 Homilite series Bakerite Ca4B4(BO4)(SiO4)3(OH)3·H2O, Gadolinite-(Ce) (Ce,La,Nd,Y)2Fe2+Be2Si2O10, Gadolinite-(Y) Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10, Calciogadolinite? CaREE(Fe3+)Be2Si2O10, Homilite Ca2(Fe2+,Mg)B2Si2O10, Minasgeraisite-(Y) CaY2Be2Si2O10 Hellandite group Hellandite-(Y) (Ca,REE)4(Y,Ce)2(Al,[ ])2Si4B4O222 Tadzhikite-(Y) Ca4(Y,Ce)2(Ti,Al,Fe3+,[ ])2Si4B4O222 Tadzhikite-(Ce) Ca4(Ce,Y)2(Ti,Al,Fe3+,[ ])2Si4B4O222 Hellandite-(Ce) (Ca3REE)4Ce2Al[ ]2Si4B4O222 Mottanaite-(Ce) Ca4(Ce,Ca)2AlBe2[Si4B4O22]O2 Ciprianiite Ca4[(Th,U)(REE)]2(Al,[ ])2Si4B4O222 Piergorite-(Ce) Ca8Ce2(Al0.5(Fe3+)0.5)([ ],Li,Be)2Si6B8O36(OH,F)2 Vicanite group Vicanite-(Ce) (Ca,Ce,La,Th)15As5+(As3+0.5,Na0.5)Fe3+Si6B4O40F7 Hundholmenite-(Y) (Y,REE,Ca,Na)15(Al,Fe3+)Cax(As3+)1−x(Si,As5+)Si6B3(O,F)48 Proshchenkoite-(Y) (Y,REE,Ca,Na,Mn)15Fe2+Ca(P,Si)Si6B3(O,F)48
===== "Garnet" supergroup ===== Nesosilicate insular SiO4 groups only with cations in [6] and >[6] coordination Garnet group, X3Z2(TO4)3 (X = Ca, Fe, etc., Z = Al, Cr, etc., T = Si, As, V, etc.) Pyralspite series Pyrope Mg3Al2(SiO4)3, Almandine (Fe2+)3Al2(SiO4)3, Spessartine (Mn2+)3Al2(SiO4)3, Knorringite Mg3Cr2(SiO4)3, Majorite Mg3(Fe,Al,Si)2(SiO4)3, Calderite (Mn2+,Ca)3(Fe3+,Al)2(SiO4)3 Ugrandite series Andradite Ca3(Fe3+)2(SiO4)3, Grossular Ca3Al2(SiO4)3, Uvarovite Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3, Goldmanite Ca3(V,Al,Fe3+)2(SiO4)3, Yamatoite? (Mn2+,Ca)3(V3+,Al)2(SiO4)3 Schorlomite – Kimzeyite series Schorlomite Ca3(Ti,Fe3+,Al)2[(Si,Fe3+,Fe2+)O4]3, Kimzeyite Ca3(Zr,Ti)2(Si,Al,Fe3+)3O12, Morimotoite Ca3TiFe2+Si3O12 Hydrogarnet Hibschite Ca3Al2(SiO4)3−x(OH)4x (x=0.2 to 1.5), Katoite Ca3Al2(SiO4)3−x(OH)4x (x=1.5 to 3) Tetragonal hydrogarnet Henritermierite Ca3(Mn,Al)2(SiO4)2(OH)4, Holtstamite Ca3(Al,Mn3+)2(SiO4)2(OH)4 Bredigite Ca7Mg(SiO4)4, Merwinite Ca3Mg(SiO4)2, Wadalite Ca6Al5Si2O16Cl3, Rondorfite Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2
===== "Humite" supergroup ===== Nesosilicate insular SiO4 groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] coordination only Topaz group Topaz Al2SiO4(F,OH)2, Krieselite (Al,Ga)2(Ge,C)O4(OH)2 Humite, general formula An(SiO4)m(F,OH)2 Chondrodite series Alleghanyite (Mn2+)5(SiO4)2(OH,F)2, Chondrodite (Mg,Fe,Ti)5(SiO4)2(F,OH,O)2, Reinhardbraunsite Ca5(SiO4)2(OH,F)2, Ribbeite Mn5(SiO4)2(OH)2, Kumtyubeite Ca5(SiO4)2F2 Humite series Humite (Mg,Fe2+)7(SiO4)3(F,OH)2, Leucophoenicite (Mn,Ca,Mg,Zn)(SiO4)3(OH)2, Manganhumite (Mn,Mg)7(SiO4)3(OH)2, Chegemite Ca7(SiO4)3(OH)2 Clinohumite series Clinohumite (Mg,Fe2+)9(SiO4)4(F,OH)2, Jerrygibbsite (Mn,Zn)9(SiO4)4(OH)2, Sonolite Mn9(SiO4)4(F,OH)2, Hydroxylclinohumite Mg9(SiO4)4[(OH,F)2 Norbergite Mg3(SiO4)(F,OH)2 Chloritoid group Chloritoid (Fe2+,Mg,Mn)2Al4Si2O10(OH)4, Magnesiochloritoid MgAl2SiO5(OH)2, Ottrelite (Mn,Fe2+,Mg)2Al4Si2O10(OH)4, Carboirite-VIII Fe2+(Al,Ge)2O(Ge,Si)O42
==== Subclass '9.B': sorosilicates ====
Epidote supergroup, {A2}{M3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Epidote group Clinozoisite Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH)=Ca2AlAl2(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH), Niigataite CaSrAl3(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH), Epidote Ca2Fe3+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH), Hancockite CaPb(Al2Fe3+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH), Mukhinite Ca2Al2V3+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH), Piemontite Ca2Mn3+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH), Piemontite-(Sr) CaSrMn3+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH), Tweddillite CaSrMn3+2Al(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Allanite group Allanite-(Ce) CaCeAl2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH), Allanite-(La) CaLaFe2+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH), Allanite-(Y) CaYAl2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH), Dissakisite-(Ce) CaCeMgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH), Dissakisite-(La) CaLaMgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH), Ferriallanite-(Ce) CaCe3+Fe2+Fe3+Al(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH), Manganiandrosite-(Ce) (Mn2+,Ca)(Ce,REE)AlMn3+Mn2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH), Manganiandrosite-(La) Mn2+La3+AlMn3+Mn2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH), Vanadoandrosite-(Ce) Mn2+Ce3+V3+AlMn2+O(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH) Dollaseite group Dollaseite-(Ce) CaCeMg2Al(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)F, Khristovite-(Ce) CaCe3+(MgAlMn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)F(OH), Mills et al. (2009)
==== Subclass '9.C': cyclosilicates ====
Tourmaline group Alkali-Deficient Tourmaline subgroup - Foitite subgroup Foitite [ ][(Fe2+)2(Al,Fe3+)][Al6][(OH)3|OH|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Magnesiofoitite [ ][Mg2(Al,Fe3+)][Al6][(OH)3|OH|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Rossmanite [ ][LiAl2][Al6][(OH)3|OH|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Oxy-Rossmanite [ ][LiAl2]Al6(OH)3O(BO3)3[Si6O18] Calcic Tourmaline subgroup - Liddicoatite subgroup Liddicoatite [Ca][Li2Al][Al6][(OH)3|F|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Uvite CaMg3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)4, Feruvite [Ca][(Fe2+,Mg)3][MgAl5][(OH)3|F|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Hydroxyuvite (IMA2000-030 was not approved, but suspended) CaMg3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) Ferric Tourmaline subgroup - Buergerite subgroup Buergerite [Na][(Fe3+)3][Al6][O3|F|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Povondraite [Na][(Fe3+)3][(Fe3+)4Mg2][(OH)3|O|(BO3)3|Si6O18] Lithian Tourmaline subgroup - Elbaite subgroup Olenite NaAl9B3Si6O27O3OH, Oxy-Dravite Na(MgAl2)(MgAl5)Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)3O, Elbaite Na(Al1.5Li1.5)Al6(OH)3(OH)(BO3)3Si6O18 Sodic Tourmaline subgroup - Schorl subgroup Dravite [Na][Mg3][Al6][(OH)3|OH|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Fluor-Dravite NaMg3Al6(OH)3F(BO3)3(Si6O18), Schorl [Na][(Fe2+)3][Al6][(OH)3|OH|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Schorl-(F) [Na][(Fe2+)3][Al6][(OH)3|F,OH|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Chromdravite [Na][Mg3][(Cr3+,Fe3+)6][(OH)3|OH|(BO3)3|Si6O18], Vanadiumdravite [Na][Mg3][(V3+)6][(OH)3|OH|(BO3)3|Si6O18] Eudialyte group Carbokentbrooksite (Na,[ ])12(Na,Ce)3Ca6Mn3Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(OH)3(CO3)•H2O Eudialyte Na4(Ca,Ce)2(Fe2+,Mn,Y)ZrSi8O22(OH,Cl)2 (?) Feklichevite Na11Ca9(Fe3+,Fe2+)2Zr3NbSi25O735 Ferrokentbrooksite Na15Ca6(Fe,Mn)3Zr3NbSi25O73(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,F,OH)2 Georgbarsanovite Na12(Mn,Sr,REE)3Ca6(Fe2+)3Zr3NbSi25O76Cl2•H2O Golyshevite (Na,Ca)10Ca9(Fe3+,Fe2+)2Zr3NbSi25O72(CO3)(OH)3•H2O Ikranite (Na,H3O)15(Ca,Mn,REE)6(Fe3+)2Zr3([ ],Zr)([ ],Si)Si24O66(O,OH)6Cl•2-3H2O Johnsenite-(Ce) Na12(Ce,REE,Sr)3Ca6Mn3Zr3W(Si25O73)(CO3)(OH,Cl)2 Kentbrooksite (Na,REE)15(Ca,REE)6Mn2+Zr3NbSi25O74F2•2H2O Khomyakovite Na12Sr3Ca6Fe3Zr3W(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(OH,Cl)2 Manganokhomyakovite Na12Sr3Ca6Mn3Zr3W(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(OH,Cl)2 Mogovidite Na9(Ca,Na)6Ca6Fe2Zr3[ ]Si25O72(CO3)(OH)4 Oneillite Na15Ca3Mn3(Fe2+)3Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(OH,Cl)2 Raslakite Na15Ca3Fe3(Na,Zr)3Zr3(Si,Nb)(Si25O73)(OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH) Rastsvetaevite Na27K8Ca12Fe3Zr6Si52O144(O,OH,H2O)6Cl2 Taseqite Na12Sr3Ca6Fe3Zr3NbSi25O73(O,OH,H2O)3Cl2 Zirsilite-(Ce) (Na,[ ])12(Ce, Na)3Ca6Mn3Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(OH)3(CO3)•H2O Alluaivite Na19(Ca,Mn2+)6(Ti,Nb)3(Si3O9)2(Si10O28)2Cl•2H2O Andrianovite Na12(K,Sr,Ce)3Ca6Mn3Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(O,H2O,OH)5 Aqualite (H3O)8(Na,K,Sr)5Ca6Zr3Si26O66(OH)9Cl Dualite Na30(Ca,Na,Ce,Sr)12(Na,Mn,Fe,Ti)6Zr3Ti3MnSi51O144(OH,H2O,Cl)9 Labyrinthite (Na,K,Sr)35Ca12Fe3Zr6TiSi51O144(O,OH,H2O)9Cl3, Mills et al. (2009)
==== Subclass '9.D': inosilicates ====
===== Single chain inosilicates ===== Astrophyllite group Astrophyllite K2Na(Fe2+,Mn)7Ti2Si8O26(OH)4 Magnesioastrophyllite K2Na[Na(Fe2+,Fe3+,Mn)Mg2]Ti2Si8O26(OH)4F Hydroastrophyllite (H3O,K)2Ca(Fe3+,Mn)5-6Ti2Si8O26(OH)4F Niobophyllite K2Na(Fe2+,Mn)7(Nb,Ti)2Si8O26(OH)4(F,O) Zircophyllite K2(Na,Ca)(Mn,Fe2+)7(Zr,Nb)2Si8O26(OH)4F Kupletskite K2Na(Mn,Fe2+)7(Ti,Nb)2Si8O26(OH)4F Kupletskite-(Cs) (Cs,K)2Na(Mn,Fe2+,Li)7(Ti,Nb)2Si8O26(OH)4F Niobokupletskite K2Na(Mn,Zn,Fe)7(Nb,Zr,Ti)2Si8O26(OH)4(O,F), Mills et al. (2009) Sapphirine supergroup Sapphirine group Khmaralite (Mg,Al,Fe)16(Al,Si,Be)12O40, Sapphirine (Mg,Al)8(Al,Si)6O20 Aenigmatite group Aenigmatite (Na,Ca)4(Fe2+,Ti,Mg)12Si12O40, Krinovite NaMg2CrSi3O10, Wilkinsonite Na2(Fe2+)4(Fe3+)2Si6O20 Rhoenite group Dorrite Ca2Mg2(Fe3+)4(Al,Fe3+)4Si2O20, Hogtuvaite (Ca,Na)2(Fe2+,Fe3+,Ti,Mg,Mn)6(Si,Be,Al)6O20, Makarochkinite Ca2(Fe2+)4Fe3+TiSi4BeAlO20, Rhonite Ca2(Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+,Ti)6(Si,Al)6O20, Serendibite Ca2(Mg,Al)6(Si,Al,B)6O20, Welshite Ca4Mg9Sb3O4[Si6Be3AlFe2O36] Surinamite (Mg,Fe2+)3Al4BeSi3O16, Mills et al. (2009)
====== Pyroxene supergroup ======
Orthopyroxene group Donpeacorite (Mn2+,Mg)Mg[SiO3]2, Enstatite MgSiO3, Ferrosilite, FeSiO3 Clinopyroxene group Aegirine NaFe3+Si2O6, Augite (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6], Clinoenstatite MgSiO3, Clinoferrosilite Fe2+SiO3, Diopside CaMg[Si2O6], Esseneite CaFe3+[AlSiO6], Grossmanite CaTi3+AlSiO6, Hedenbergite CaFe2+[Si2O6], Jadeite Na(Al,Fe3+)[Si2O6], Jervisite (Na,Ca,Fe2+)(Sc,Mg,Fe2+)[Si2O6], Johannsenite CaMn2+[Si2O6], Kanoite Mn2+(Mg,Mn2+)[Si2O6], Kosmochlor NaCr[Si2O6], Kushiroite CaAl[Si2O6], Namansilite NaMn3+[Si2O6], Natalyite Na(V3+,Cr)[Si2O6], Petedunnite Ca(Zn,Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)[Si2O6], Pigeonite (Mg,Fe2+,Ca)(Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6, Spodumene LiAlSi2O6
===== Multiple chain inosilicates ===== Note: the amphibole subcommittee (CNMNC/ IMA) published many reports (IMA 1978 s.p., IMA 1997 s.p., IMA 2003 s.p., IMA 2012 s.p.), renaming and redefining many minerals. Working draft: rruff.info, mindat.org and mineralienatlas.de are not up to date yet.