Scrape wikipedia-science: 11145 new, 3621 updated, 15136 total (kb-cron)

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alison_Tedstone-0.md

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+---
+title: "Alison Tedstone"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alison_Tedstone"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:49.507108+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Alison Tedstone MBE RNutr FAfN (born April 1961) is Chief Nutritionist (National Director of Diet, Obesity and Physical Activity) at Public Health England (PHE).
+
+
+== Education ==
+Tedstone has a BSc and a PhD degree from the University of London, and conducted research into nutrition at the University of Oxford.
+
+
+== Career ==
+From 2001 she was an academic at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.
+She joined the Food Standards Agency in 2001, becoming Head of Nutrition Science. In 2010 her role (along with colleagues working on nutrition policy in England) transferred to the Department of Health, and in turn to Public Health England when it was established in 2013.
+She became Chief Nutritionist at PHE. Her work includes the National Diet and Nutrition Survey, and she gives evidence to the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition.
+Tedstone is a Registered Public Health Nutritionist and a founding fellow of the Association for Nutrition, the voluntary regulator for nutritionists in the United Kingdom.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Government health committee in October 2015

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elderly_Pharmaceutical_Insurance_Coverage-0.md

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+---
+title: "Elderly Pharmaceutical Insurance Coverage"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elderly_Pharmaceutical_Insurance_Coverage"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:00.443039+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Elderly Pharmaceutical Insurance Coverage (EPIC) ("New York State's Senior Prescription Plan") was designed so that personal/out-of-pocket costs for medicines are reduced or largely paid for program participants by the state. Members are also given assistance with Medicare Part D.
+
+
+== History ==
+Initial public response to the program, when introduced by New York State, had fewer participants than expected. EPIC was established in 1986 to help income-eligible seniors with the high costs of prescription drugs; Paul E. Harenberg, Chairman of the New York State Assembly Committee on Aging, held hearings. It soon became obvious that recent retirees faced a double problem: "sticker shock not only because you are at that age when you start to need more medications, but also because your insurance is picking up less of the cost."
+As introduced, eligible seniors pay 40% of a medicine's cost, up to a specified level; beyond that, the state pays 100%. Unlike managed care plans, "it helps people with their prescription drug costs without making them leave their current doctors and join H.M.O.'s." A 2001 Department of Consumer Affairs estimate found that 27% of seniors in New York lack insurance. By 2003, 33 other states had introduced "state pharmacy assistance programs," partly to avoid what The New York Times called the "murky" choice of buying "from Canada and Mexico online or in person."
+Medicare-based pharmaceutical coverage is "delivered by private plans that can establish lists of preferred drugs and can steer patients to selected pharmacies" in contrast to how EPIC and some other states "pay for almost any prescription drug and allow beneficiaries to use
+virtually any pharmacy."
+In 1987 Mario Cuomo budgeted $70 million, to begin coverage in October for an estimated 1.2 million elderly. In 2021 the program was still running, with his son as governor.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Rimm-0.md

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+---
+title: "Eric Rimm"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Rimm"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:36.462156+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Eric Bruce Rimm is an American nutrition scientist and epidemiologist. He is Professor of Epidemiology and Nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health, Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, and director of the Harvard School of Public Health's Program in Cardiovascular Epidemiology. He has researched the relationship between diet and the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Faculty page
+Eric Rimm publications indexed by Google Scholar

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EudraVigilance-0.md

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+---
+title: "EudraVigilance"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EudraVigilance"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:01.631694+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+EudraVigilance (European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Pharmacovigilance) is the European data processing network and management system for reporting and evaluation of suspected adverse reactions to medicines or devices which have received marketing authorisation or are actively being studied in clinical trials in the European Economic Area (EEA). The European Medicines Agency (EMA) operates the system on behalf of the European Union (EU) medicines regulatory network.
+The European EudraVigilance system deals with the:
+
+Electronic exchange of Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSR, based on the ICH E2B specifications):
+EudraVigilance Clinical Trial Module (EVCTM) for reporting Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reactions (SUSARs).
+EudraVigilance Post-Authorisation Module (EVPM) for post-authorisation ICSRs.
+Early detection of possible safety signals from marketed drugs for human use.
+Continuous monitoring and evaluation of potential safety issues in relation to reported adverse reactions.
+Decision-making process, based on a broader knowledge of the adverse reaction profile of drugs.
+EMA publishes data from EudraVigilance in the European database for suspected adverse drug reaction reports.
+The EudraVigilance access policy governs the level of access different stakeholder groups have to adverse drug reactions reports.
+
+
+== See also ==
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+EudraVigilance

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAT!SO-0.md

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 source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAT!SO?"
 category: "reference"
 tags: "science, encyclopedia"
-date_saved: "2026-05-05T08:58:05.805100+00:00"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:02.856898+00:00"
 instance: "kb-cron"
 ---
 

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_Safety_Act_1990-0.md

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+---
+title: "Food Safety Act 1990"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_Safety_Act_1990"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:04.111678+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Food Safety Act 1990 (c. 16) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is the statutory obligation to treat food intended for human consumption in a controlled and managed way.
+The key requirements of the act are that food must comply with food safety requirements, must be "of the nature, substance and quality demanded", and must be correctly described (labelled).
+
+
+== See also ==
+Food Standards Agency
+Public analyst
+
+
+== Notes ==
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Text of the Food Safety Act 1990 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.
+Text of the Food Safety Act 1990 as originally enacted or made within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gargling-0.md

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+---
+title: "Gargling"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gargling"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:06.537360+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Gargling is the act of bubbling liquid in the mouth. It is also the washing of one's throat with a liquid (with one's head tipped back) that is kept from being swallowed by continuous exhalation. This produces a characteristic gurgling sound. Mouthwash or hydrogen peroxide (in a low concentration) is often employed.
+A traditional home remedy of gargling warm saltwater is sometimes recommended to soothe a sore throat.
+One study in Japan has shown that gargling water a few times a day will lower the chance of upper respiratory infections such as common colds, though some medical doctors are skeptical.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Stomach rumble
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Department_of_Public_Health-0.md

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+---
+title: "Georgia Department of Public Health"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Department_of_Public_Health"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:07.672419+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Georgia Department of Public Health (DPH) is the state-level public health agency for the U.S. state of Georgia. Its purpose is to prevent diseases, promote health, and prepare for disasters. The department is organized into divisions, sections, programs, and offices. DPH became an independent state agency in 2011. 
+The agency has responsibilities across a variety of health areas, such as epidemiology, emergency services, immunizations, and environmental health. 
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Georgia Department of Public Health

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_COVID-19_Private_Sector_Fund-0.md

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+---
+title: "Ghana COVID-19 Private Sector Fund"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_COVID-19_Private_Sector_Fund"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:10.091106+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Ghana COVID-19 Private Sector Fund is an initiative by the Government of Ghana (GOG) to help fight the novel corona virus pandemic. The fund was established by ten businessmen and women to raise GHC 100,000 to support the effort of the government by providing intervention to support the public who have been hard hit by the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana either economically, socially and politically.
+
+
+== Projects ==
+
+
+=== Feed - A- Kayayo ===
+This project was established to support Kayayei (head porters) with food and accommodation during the lockdown period in other to curb wide spread of the corona virus.  This was done to cater for 8000 head porters of which 6000 were in Accra and 2000 were in Kumasi. The duration of the intervention was from  1 April 2020 to 12 April 2020. There was an extension of the support. The project was led by Julie Essiam  the Commission at GRA.
+
+
+=== Ghana Infectious Disease Centre ===
+The Ghana Infectious Disease Centre was built because the country did not have an infectious disease centre, so there was a need to build on through the use of the COVID-19 fund. On 21 August, the Ghana COVID-19 Private Sector Fund received GHS6.8 million from the Ghana COVID-19 National Trust Fund to contribute to the construction of the Ghana Infectious Disease Centre.
+
+
+== See also ==
+COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana
+Ghana Infectious Disease Centre
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Ghana Infectious Disease Centre Commissioned By Bawamia

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_Infectious_Disease_Centre-0.md

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+---
+title: "Ghana Infectious Disease Centre"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_Infectious_Disease_Centre"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:11.254809+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Ghana Infectious Disease Centre (GIDC) is a centre built to improve the medical diagnostic and research capacity of Ghana with regard to infectious diseases. The facility was built due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana. Establishing the centre was facilitated by the Ghana COVID-19 Private Sector Fund in collaboration with the Ghana Armed Forces at the Ga East Municipal Hospital in Accra. The old Shai Osudoku District Hospital was also renovated into one of the infectious diseases centres in the Shai Osudoku District in Dodowa. This shares a boundary with the Shai Osudoku District Health Directorate. The president, Nana Addo Dankwa Akuffo Addo, inspected the centre on 30 October 2020 
+
+
+== History ==
+Ghana Infectious Disease Centre was commissioned by Vice-president Mahamudu Bawumia on 24 July 2020. He stated a sum of US$7.5 million was used to launch the centre. It was established as Ghana's leading national public health institute.
+
+
+== Organisation ==
+According to Mahamudu Bawumia, "The world-class 100-bed facility was constructed by a team of 536 men and women working 24 hours a day. Persons who worked tirelessly to build the centre in a bid to support government’s fight and management of COVID-19 in Ghana."
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governors_Public_Health_Alliance-0.md

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+---
+title: "Governors Public Health Alliance"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governors_Public_Health_Alliance"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:12.440357+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Governors Public Health Alliance is a coalition created by the governors of several US states to coordinate their public health efforts, building on existing regional efforts such as the West Coast Health Alliance.
+Participating states and territory:
+
+California
+Colorado
+Connecticut
+Delaware
+Hawaii
+Illinois
+Maryland
+Massachusetts
+New Jersey
+New York (state)
+North Carolina
+Oregon
+Rhode Island
+Washington (state)
+Guam
+The Governors Public Health Alliance will be supported by the nonprofit Governors Action Alliance, which is overseen by former governors across parties.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Northeast Public Health Collaborative
+West Coast Health Alliance
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_Study-0.md

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+---
+title: "Great Smoky Mountains Study"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_Study"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:13.627638+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Great Smoky Mountains Study is a longitudinal study led by William Copeland (professor) from Duke University Medical Center that started in 1993 and ended in 2003. It followed 1,420 children from western North Carolina. Participants were interviewed at up to nine points in time - first aged 9 to 16, and again at ages 19–21.
+Four years into the study, about one quarter of the families saw a dramatic and unexpected increase in income. They were members of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, and a casino had just been built on the reservation. From that point on every tribal citizen earned a share of the profits (about $4,000/yr per person). The study showed that among these children, instances of behavioral and emotional disorders decreased, and conscientiousness and agreeableness increased. Randall Akee remarked that "It would be almost impossible to replicate this kind of longitudinal study”.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greens_powder-0.md

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+---
+title: "Greens powder"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greens_powder"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:14.813136+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Greens powders are dietary supplements made up of green and leaf vegetables, as well as other plant-based products. They are generally mixed with water prior to consumption, or added to foods, including during cooking.
+
+
+== Composition ==
+Greens powders are made from various dehydrated powdered greens vegetables, fruits, algae, grasses, herbs and other plant-based ingredients. Ingredient labels often list pre and probiotics, antioxidants and various vitamins.
+
+
+== Health claims ==
+Consumption has been cited as partially making up for insufficient vegetable consumption. Greens powders have been claimed to boost immunity and reduce chronic disease risk, but research continues into the supplement's long-term effects. They generally come without recommendations from dietary experts.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Dietary supplement
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazardous_energy-0.md

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+---
+title: "Hazardous energy"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazardous_energy"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:15.986136+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Hazardous energy in occupational safety and health is any source of energy (including electrical, mechanical, thermal, chemical, hydraulic, and pneumatic sources of energy) that "can be hazardous to workers", such as from discharge of stored energy.  Failure to control the unexpected release of energy can lead to machine-related injuries or fatalities.  The risk from these sources of energy can be controlled in a number of ways, including access control procedures such as lockout-tagout.
+
+
+== Types of Hazardous Energy ==
+Hazardous energy in occupational settings exists in many categories, all forms have distinct risks depending on the equipment and work environments. 
+Categories include:
+
+"Electrical energy, which can result in shock, burns or arc flash injuries when workers are exposed to energized conductors or equipment."
+"Mechanical energy, consisting of rotating members, reciprocating arms, moving belts, gears, cutting teeth and any parts that impact or shear." 
+"Hydraulic and pneumatic energy, energy stored in the form of pressurized fluid making it application of fluid power. Fluid power is the use of pressurized fluids to generate, control and transfer power."
+"Thermal energy refers to energy within a system that's created by the random motion of molecules and atoms. As motion increases more energy is produced this energy is transferred in the form of heat."
+Chemical energy, involving reactions or stored chemicals that may release toxic, flammable, or explosive substances."
+
+
+== Hazards and Workplace Risks ==
+The number one danger associated with hazardous energy is unexpected startup of machinery or the release of stored energy. Release of energy can happen even when equipment seems to be completely de-energized. These situations can lead to severe injuries, including amputations, electrocution, and fatalities.
+Stored energy can stay in systems even after shutdown. For example:
+
+Electrical capacitors may retain charge after shutdown.
+Hydraulic systems may remain pressurized.
+Mechanical components may be under tension or gravity load.
+Workers performing maintenance and routine cleaning are especially vulnerable. Without proper protection, minor mistakes can result in catastrophic outcomes. Studies and safety agencies have consistently identified failure to control hazardous energy as a leading cause of industrial accidents. 
+
+
+== Control Methods and Safety Procedures ==
+One of the most popular controls of hazardous energy is commonly achieved through lockout-tagout (LOTO) procedures. LOTO is designed to isolate energy sources and prevent machines from being energized during servicing. Under these procedures, energy-isolating devices are physically locked in a safe position and clearly labeled to indicate that maintenance is in progress. Other than LOTO engineering controls such as machine guarding and interlocks provide more layers of electrical protection. A typical hazardous energy control process includes:
+"Verifying all energy sources that are connected to equipment"
+"Completely shutting down the system"
+"Isolating energy sources"
+"Attaching lockout or tagout devices"
+"Releasing or containing stored energy"
+"Verifying isolation before maintenance begins"
+These procedures are formalized in regulatory standards such as 29 CFR 1910.147 which establishes minimum requirements for protecting workers from hazardous energy during maintenance activities. 
+
+
+== Training and Employee Responsibilities ==
+Correct training is an important component of any hazardous energy control. OSHA demands all workers whom perform servicing on machinery must be trained to understand the dangers of hazardous energy.
+Training requirements most of the time apply to three genres of employees:
+
+Authorized employees are workers who "locks out or tags out machines or equipment in order to perform servicing or maintenance on that machine or equipment"
+Affected employees "become authorized employees when that employee's duties include performing servicing or maintenance." Affected employees must be trained to understand LOTO and know they shouldn't try to reenergize the machine.
+Other employees "whose work operations are or may be in an area where energy control procedures may be utilized, shall be instructed about the procedure, and about the prohibition relating to attempts to restart or reenergize machines or equipment which are locked out or tagged out."
+"Retraining shall be provided for all authorized and affected employees whenever a periodic inspection reveals, or whenever the employer has reason to believe, that there are deviations from or inadequacies in the employee's knowledge or use of the energy control procedures."
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, OSH Answers Fact Sheets- Hazardous Energy Control Programs
+Control of Hazardous Energy - Lockout/Tagout. OSHA Publication 3120, (Revised 2002). This booklet presents OSHA's general requirements for controlling hazardous energy during service or maintenance of machines or equipment. It is not intended to replace or to supplement OSHA standards regarding the control of hazardous energy.
+Health and Safety Executive, Electrical safety and you, a brief guide
+Lockout/Tagout. OSHA Fact Sheet, (2002). Also available in Spanish.
+National Occupational Research Agenda- Hazardous Energy Control (Lockout and other means)

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Azerbaijan-0.md

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+---
+title: "Health in Azerbaijan"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Azerbaijan"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:17.186988+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that Azerbaijan is fulfilling 67.3% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income. When looking at the right to health with respect to children, Azerbaijan achieves 93.5% of what is expected based on its current income. In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves only 91.1% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income.  Azerbaijan falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling only 17.2% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available. 
+
+
+== Life expectancy ==
+
+Average life expectancy for Azerbaijanis is 72.7 gives Azerbaijan a World Life Expectancy ranking of 96 according to WHO data. The life expectancy at birth in Azerbaijan is 69.6 for males, and 75.8 for females (2016 est).
+
+
+== Fertility and mortality rates ==
+The total fertility rate is 1.9 children per woman (2013).Neonatal mortality rate is 18.2 per 1000 live births (2015), and maternal mortality ratio is 25 per 100,000 live births (2015).
+
+
+== See also ==
+Healthcare in Azerbaijan
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Belarus-0.md

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+---
+title: "Health in Belarus"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Belarus"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:18.372935+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Life expectancy at birth in Belarus was 69 for men and 79 for women in 2016.
+A new measure of expected human capital calculated for 195 countries from 1990 to 2016 and defined for each birth cohort as the expected years lived from age 20 to 64 years and adjusted for educational attainment, learning or education quality, and functional health status was published by The Lancet in September 2018. Belarus had the twenty-second highest level of expected human capital with 23 health, education, and learning-adjusted expected years lived between age 20 and 64 years. 
+The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that Belarus is fulfilling 86.0% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income. When looking at the right to health with respect to children, Belarus achieves 100.0% of what is expected based on its current income. In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves 84.1% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income.  Belarus falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling only 74.0% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available. 
+
+
+== See also ==
+Healthcare in Belarus
+COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Belgium-0.md

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+---
+title: "Health in Belgium"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Belgium"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:19.578860+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+A new measure of expected human capital calculated for 195 countries from 1990 to 2016 and defined for each birth cohort as the expected years lived from age 20 to 64 years and adjusted for educational attainment, learning or education quality, and functional health status was published by the Lancet in September 2018. Belgium had the tenth highest level of expected human capital with 25 health, education, and learning-adjusted expected years lived between age 20 and 64 years. 
+
+
+== See also ==
+Healthcare in Belgium
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Greece-0.md

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+---
+title: "Health in Greece"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Greece"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:20.784869+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Greece had the highest rate of male smokers in Europe in 2015: 53%.
+The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that Greece is fulfilling 88.6% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Healthcare in Greece
+Smoking in Greece
+Obesity in Greece
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_North_Macedonia-0.md

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+---
+title: "Health in North Macedonia"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_North_Macedonia"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:21.991435+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Health in North Macedonia is improving. The life expectancy of North Macedonia in 2016 was 74 for men and 78 for women. In 2015 it was estimated that 11.44% of the population of North Macedonia had diabetes, costing about $403 per person per year.   In 2015 it had the fourth highest rate of death from non-communicable diseases in Europe (637 per 100,000).
+
+
+== Healthcare ==
+The country inherited a large health infrastructure after independence in 1991 with good well-distributed public health services.  Private hospitals were opened and primary care was privatised. Subsequently both public and private providers have been integrated into one social insurance-funded model managed by the Health Insurance Fund of North Macedonia. The public hospital sector is seen as inefficient and is unpopular with both patients and professional staff.  90% of the population are within 30 minutes of a  health service.
+Expenditure on healthcare was $851 per head in 2014, 6.5% of GDP.
+According to the Euro health consumer index, the health system of North Macedonia made the most remarkable advance of any country in the history of their Index, from 27th to 16th place in 2014, because by implementing a real time e-Booking system they reduced waiting lists so significantly. From July 2013, any GP can make a booking at any specialist or heavy diagnostic equipment in the country in real time while the patient is present. They rated North Macedonia 16th in Europe in 2015.
+The Doctor's Chamber of the country complains that there is a discrepancy between the available funds and the quality of service expected, that facilities are not used efficiently, equipment is outdated and staff are not used effectively.
+
+
+=== Hospitals ===
+Notable hospitals in North Macedonia include the following:
+
+Acibadem Sistina Hospital, Skopje
+City General Hospital “8 September”, Skopje
+Clinical Hospital Dr. Trifun Panovski, Bitola
+Filip II Hospital, Skopje, Skopje, established in 2000, cardiovascular surgery center
+General Hospital Ohrid, Ohrid
+Cardiology Center St. Stephen, Ohrid
+Special Hospital for Orthopaedics and Traumatology St. Erasmus, Ohrid
+Institute for Respiratory Diseases in Children-Kozle, Skopje
+Kočani General Hospital, established in 1924
+Military Hospital, Skopje
+Remedika General Hospital, Skopje
+State Clinical Center “Mother Theresa”, Skopje
+University Clinic for Surgical Diseases “Sveti Naum Ohridski”, Skopje
+Zan Mitrev Clinic, Skopje
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Oman-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Health in Oman"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Oman"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:23.256744+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Life expectancy at birth in 2013 was 74 for men and 79 for women.
+
+
+== Obesity ==
+In 2014 Sultan Qaboos University published research showing  that 30% of the Omani population was overweight and 20% was obese.
+
+
+== Smoking ==
+A ban on smoking in public places was introduced in 2010.  Restaurants, malls and other public places were required to allot more than 50% of their space as non-smoking zones.  70% of residents suffer from some kind of curable disease related to smoking.
+
+
+== See also ==
+
+Healthcare in Oman
+List of hospitals in Oman
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Taiwan-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+title: "Health in Taiwan"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Taiwan"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:24.439146+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+A new measure of expected human capital calculated for 195 countries from 1990 to 2016 and defined for each birth cohort as the expected years lived from age 20 to 64 years and adjusted for educational attainment, learning or education quality, and functional health status was published by the Lancet in September 2018. Taiwan had the fifth highest level of expected human capital with 26 health, education, and learning-adjusted expected years lived between age 20 and 64 years. 
+
+
+== See also ==
+Healthcare in Taiwan
+HIV/AIDS in Taiwan
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_the_Czech_Republic-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "Health in the Czech Republic"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_the_Czech_Republic"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:25.608091+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Czech Republic had the second highest rate of obesity in Europe in 2015. 28.7% of the adult population had a body mass index  of 30 or more. 
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_the_Isle_of_Man-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+title: "Health in the Isle of Man"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_the_Isle_of_Man"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:26.787605+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Life expectancy on the Isle of Man at birth was estimated at 81.3 years in 2017, 79.6 years for men and 83.2 years for women.  The Infant mortality rate was 4 deaths per 1,000 live births.  The birth rate in 2016 reached a 30-year low.  Between 1996, and 2016 the number of people over 95 years of age  increased by 188%.
+
+
+== Public health ==
+The Public Health Directorate has a budget of around £1.6 million a year. It runs school awareness programmes and the Stoptober anti-smoking scheme. Henrietta Ewart is the Director of Public Health.
+About a quarter of five year olds have tooth decay.  A three-month supervised toothbrushing pilot project in six nurseries was started in September 2017 organised by the Public Health Directorate, with plans for a wider programme starting in 2018.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Healthcare in the Isle of Man
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_Kuwait-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+title: "Healthcare in Kuwait"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_Kuwait"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:27.977733+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Kuwait has a state-funded healthcare system, which provides treatment without charge to holders of a Kuwaiti passport. A public insurance scheme exists to provide healthcare to non-citizens. Private healthcare providers also run medical facilities in the country, available to members of their insurance schemes. As part of Kuwait Vision 2035, many new hospitals have opened. 
+In the years leading up to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, Kuwait invested in its health care system at a rate that was proportionally higher than most other GCC countries. As a result, the public hospital sector significantly increased its capacity. Kuwait currently has 20 public hospitals. The new Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Hospital is considered the largest hospital in the Middle East. Kuwait also has 16 private hospitals.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Health in Kuwait
+List of hospitals in Kuwait
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_payment-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+---
+title: "Healthcare payment"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_payment"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:29.132210+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+How healthcare payment is managed is one of key policies that countries have to drive healthcare system. Payment for healthcare is managed in various ways. The main categories of payment systems are salary, capitation, bundled payment, global budget and fee-for-service. Most countries have mixed systems of physician payment.
+
+
+== Classification ==
+
+
+=== Capitation ===
+Capitation is a payment arrangement for health care service providers. It pays a set amount for each enrolled person assigned to them, per period of time, whether or not that person seeks care.  The amount of remuneration is based on the average expected health care use of that patient, with payment for patients generally varying by age and health status.
+
+
+==== Capitation in the United States ====
+Primary capitation is a relation between care organization and primary care physician, where the physician is paid by the organization for those who have chosen the physician as their provider. Secondary capitation is a relation arranged by care organization between a physician and a secondary or specialist provider, i.e. or ancillary facility or an X-ray facility. Global capitation is a relationship based on a provider who provides services and is reimbursed per-member per-month for the entire network population.
+
+
+=== Fee-for-service ===
+Fee-for-service is a payment model in which services are unbundled and paid for individually. In health care, it gives an incentive for physicians to give more treatments because payment is depending on the quantity, rather than quality of care. However evidence of the effectiveness of FFS in improving health care quality is mixed, without conclusive proof that these programs either succeed or fail.
+It is the dominant healthcare payment method in the United States. In the Japanese health care system, FFS is mixed with a nationwide price setting mechanism (all-payer rate setting) to control costs.
+
+
+=== Bundled payment ===
+Bundled payment is the reimbursement of health care providers on the basis of expected costs for episodes of care. It has been portrayed as a middle ground between fee-for-service reimbursement and capitation (in which providers are paid a "lump sum" per patient regardless of how many services the patient receives), given that risk is shared between payer and provider.
+
+
+=== Salary ===
+Salary is a fixed payment remuneration method. Payment is not dependent on the number of healthcare cases nor the number of patients. This payment method makes a stable, predictable income for healthcare providers, but also makes the incentive to reduce quantity of care.
+
+
+=== Global budget ===
+Global budget is a payment model where healthcare providers are paid a prospectively-set, fixed amount for the total number of services they provide during a given period of time.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_Testing_Day-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "Hepatitis Testing Day"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_Testing_Day"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:30.329184+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Hepatitis Testing Day is May 19 in the United States.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-functioning_alcoholic-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "High-functioning alcoholic"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-functioning_alcoholic"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:31.547588+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+A high-functioning alcoholic (HFA) is a person who maintains jobs and relationships while exhibiting alcoholism.
+Many HFAs are not viewed as alcoholics by society because they do not fit the common alcoholic stereotype. Unlike the stereotypical alcoholic, HFAs have either succeeded or overachieved throughout their lifetimes. This can lead to denial of alcoholism by the HFA, co-workers, family members, and friends. Functional alcoholics account for 19.5 percent of total U.S. alcoholics, with 50 percent also being smokers and 33 percent having a multigenerational family history of alcoholism. Statistics from the Harvard School of Public Health indicated that 31 percent of college students show signs of alcohol abuse and six percent are dependent on alcohol. Doctors hope that the new definition will help identify severe cases of alcoholism early, rather than when the problem is fully developed.
+High-functioning alcoholics may exhibit signs of alcohol dependence while still managing to fulfill their professional and personal responsibilities. Some common characteristics include denial, maintaining responsibilities, high alcohol tolerance, physical and mental health issues, and social isolation.
+
+
+== Causes ==
+
+
+=== Social drinking ===
+Social drinking refers to consuming alcohol in casual settings like bars, nightclubs, or parties, focusing on the company rather than the amount of alcohol. However, unlike responsible drinking, it does not necessarily specify moderation or safety practices, but focuses on socializing and spending quality time with others. Occasional social drinking might not be a problem. However, regular social drinking can lead to dependence, including the development of high-functioning alcoholism. This means someone may appear to function normally in daily life while struggling with alcohol dependence.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Alcohol (drug)
+Holiday heart syndrome
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey_massage-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+title: "Honey massage"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey_massage"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:32.699730+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Honey massage is a type of soft tissue massage in which honey is applied as an emollient on the skin.
+Depending on the technique used by the massotherapist, honey massage can either be very relaxing or slightly painful for the patient.  Prior to the session, the professional involved must ensure that the patient is not allergic to honey.
+The essence of the honey massage is the use of the product's adhesive qualities. After honey is poured over a specific area of the body, the massage therapist alternately places and withdraws their hands from the salve. Although the procedure is simple to perform at first, it becomes progressively more difficult due to the increase of tension force between the hands and the honey which binds them to the skin. The massage lasts until the palms no longer stick to the massaged area and the honey disappears from it. The actual duration depends on the type and quality of the honey used.  
+
+
+== See also ==
+Massage
+Types of massage
+Vibromassage
+Hydro massage
+Cryomassage
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_Not_to_Die_(book)-0.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ chunk: 1/1
 source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_Not_to_Die_(book)"
 category: "reference"
 tags: "science, encyclopedia"
-date_saved: "2026-05-05T08:58:27.252991+00:00"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:33.924704+00:00"
 instance: "kb-cron"
 ---
 

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Organ_Transplant_Centre-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+---
+title: "Human Organ Transplant Centre"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Organ_Transplant_Centre"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:35.076589+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Human Organ Transplant Centre aka Shahid Dharmabhakta National Transplant Centre is a government specialized tertiary organ transplant hospital located in Dudhpati-17, Bhaktapur, in Bagmati Province of Nepal.
+
+
+== History ==
+It was established in 2012 by the decision of Ministry of Health and Population, Nepal. The outdoor services of the hospital was inaugurated by the then Health Minister of Nepal Rajendra Mahato whereas the indoor services of the hospital was inaugurated by the then Health Secretary of Nepal Pravin Mishra. The first liver transplant, kidney transplant and open heart surgery in Nepal were performed here.
+
+
+== Departments ==
+The departments Human Organ Transplant Centre includes:
+
+Nephrology and Renal Transplant Medicine
+Hepato-pancreatic and Biliary Surgery
+Urology
+Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery
+Gastroenterology and Hepatology
+Anesthesiology and Critical Care
+Radiology Department
+Pathology Department
+Physiotherapy
+ Pharmacy Department
+ Nursing Department
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPP-SHR-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+title: "IPP-SHR"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPP-SHR"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:42.331331+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+International Program of Psycho-Social Health Research (IPP-SHR) is an Australian research program based in Queensland which explores the psycho-social dimension of health through examining and reporting on the human experience of serious physical and mental illnesses.
+
+
+== History ==
+The International Program for Psycho Social Health was established in 2006 by A/Pr Pam McGrath as a research initiative funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and CQUniversity. In 2011, the International Program of Psycho-Social Health Research moved to Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University.
+
+
+== Areas of research ==
+IPP-SHR explores the psycho-social dimension of health through a wide range of topics including: palliative care; haematology/oncology; mental health; acute medicine; bioethics; rural and remote health; Indigenous health; spirituality; paediatrics; birth studies; and service delivery evaluation.
+IPP-SHR also produces two industry focused publications including a quarterly review and a weekly podcast.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaria_Study-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+title: "Ikaria Study"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaria_Study"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:37.435566+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Ikaria Study is a small-scale survey by  the University of Athens School of Medicine of the diet and lifestyle of  Greek people over age 80 on the island of Ikaria. The study found that the Ikarian diet includes olive oil, red wine, fish, coffee, herbal tea, honey, potatoes, garbanzo beans, black-eyed peas, lentils, and a  limited amount of meat, sugar and dairy products,  except goat milk.
+The data showed that people on Ikaria achieved successful aging by reducing emotional and cognitive dysfunction while sustaining physical activities throughout old age. It also hypothesized that noon siesta and engagement in social activities are factors that contributed to the Ikarians' longevity.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Mediterranean diet
+Ikarian coffee
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== Further reading ==
+Chrysohoou, Christina; Tsitsinakis, George; Siassos, Gerassimos; Psaltopoulou, Theodora; Galiatsatos, Nikos; Metaxa, Vasiliki; Lazaros, George; Miliou, Antigoni; Giakoumi, Evaggelia; Mylonakis, Charalambos; Zaromytidou, Marina; Economou, Evaggelos; Triantafyllou, Georgia; Pitsavos, Christos; Stefanadis, Christodoulos (2011). "Fish Consumption Moderates Depressive Symptomatology in Elderly Men and Women from the IKARIA Study". Cardiology Research and Practice. 2011 219578. doi:10.4061/2011/219578. PMC 3010635. PMID 21197433.
+Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B; Chrysohoou, Christina; Siasos, Gerasimos; Zisimos, Konstantinos; Skoumas, John; Pitsavos, Christos; Stefanadis, Christodoulos (2011). "Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Statistics of Oldest Old People (>80 Years) Living in Ikaria Island: The Ikaria Study". Cardiology Research and Practice. 2011 679187. doi:10.4061/2011/679187. PMC 3051199. PMID 21403883.
+Buettner, Dan (October 24, 2012). "The Island Where People Forget to Die". The New York Times. Retrieved November 12, 2012.

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Health-0.md

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+---
+title: "Independent Health"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Health"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:38.639304+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Independent Health Association, Inc. doing business as Independent Health, is a regional health insurance company headquartered in Williamsville, New York and serving Western New York; specifically, Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Niagara, Orleans, and Wyoming Counties.
+
+
+== Description ==
+Independent Health is a 501(c)(4) nonprofit that reported a net income of $13.59 million on revenues of $1.57 billion in 2022. 
+The company employees about 1,600 people. 
+As of February 2024, Jim Dunlop Jr. is the president, and Michael Cropp is the CEO.
+
+
+== History ==
+Independent Health has collaborated since 2016 with Social Mobility, Inc. on the Reddy Bike program, providing bikeshare service to the City of Buffalo, the University at Buffalo, and Niagara Falls, New York.
+
+
+== Legal Issues and Settlements ==
+In 2021, the U.S. Attorney's office for the Western District of New York filed suit under the False Claims Act against Independent Health and its subsidiary DxID in federal court, alleging that the two had submitted, or caused to be submitted, unsupported diagnoses for inflated Medicare Advantage payments.
+ 
+On January 3, 2023, the United States District Court, Western District of New York issued an opinion dismissing the conspiracy claim, but allowing the U.S. Attorney to file an amended complaint.
+In December 2024, Independent Health agreed to pay up to $98 million to settle allegations of possible fraud. The settlement was related to claims of improper practices that resulted in overcharging the government. Key points of the settlement include:
+
+The total settlement amount could reach up to $98 million depending on a number of factors.
+The allegations involved fraudulent activities that led to overcharging government programs.
+This case represents a significant financial and reputational impact on Independent Health.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate_care-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+---
+title: "Intermediate care"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate_care"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:39.997900+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Intermediate care provides rehabilitation, support and care for individuals who have been in hospital and require additional support before they can return home.
+In the United Kingdom, intermediate care offers time-limited, short-term support and rehabilitation for individuals aiming to be able to live more independently, including:
+
+assistance to become as independent as possible after a hospital stay
+support to enable a person to live at home despite increasing difficulties due to illness or disability
+prevention of a permanent move into residential care where this may not be the best outcome.
+A focus is often on reducing the need for admission to hospital, and allowing earlier hospital discharge.
+Intermediate care is offered free of charge via NHS funding.
+In the United States, an intermediate care facility (ICF), possibly located within a nursing home, is a health care facility for individuals who are disabled, elderly, or non-acutely ill, usually providing less intensive care than that offered at a hospital or skilled nursing facility.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Intermediate Care Facilities for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities
+The Intermediate Care Vehicle (ICV) operated by the HSE National Ambulance Service in Ireland
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Sanitary_Convention_for_Aerial_Navigation_(1944)-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation (1944)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Sanitary_Convention_for_Aerial_Navigation_(1944)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:41.162110+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation (1944) was an international sanitary convention, one of the international co-operation land-marks in the history of public health, signed in Washington on 15 December 1944, and came into force on 15 January 1945.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabelle_Huot-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+title: "Isabelle Huot"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabelle_Huot"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:36.269313+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Isabelle Huot is a Canadian professional dietitian.
+She holds a doctorate in nutrition from Université de Montréal. Huot as a Nutritionist has participated in several research projects both in Canada and abroad. She carried out a year of research in nutritional epidemiology at the Geneva University Hospitals (French: Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, HUG) in 1995. After obtaining a master's degree in epidemiology and nutrition from Université de Montréal, she continued her doctoral studies in nutrition during which she won a scholarship from the Danone for its study in "Impact of a community intervention to promote cardiovascular health on fat consumption". She completed her doctorate in 2003.
+She writes in several media. In 2001, for a special feature published in L'Actualité Médicale, she was nominated for the Kenneth R. Wilson Memorial Award.
+In 2009, she founded her own nutrition clinic Kilo Solution in Verdun. She now owns 3 clinics located in Verdun, downtown Montreal and Laval.
+Isabelle is one of the six personalities featured in the Palmarès des Carrière of 2007. She is one of the 1000 exceptional women from the PORTRAITS X 1000 SERIES by photographer Pierre Maraval. She is a member of the Canadian Association for the Gastronomic and Hotel Press (Association canadienne de santé publiqu) and of the Union des Artistes. In addition, Isabelle is the spokesperson for mangezquebec.com. In 2011, she was named Verdun Business Personality of the Month for May.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_towel-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+title: "Italy towel"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_towel"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:43.531414+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Italy towel, (Korean: 이태리 타올) also known as the Korean exfoliating mitt or Korean exfoliating towel (depending on the shape), is a mass-produced bath product used to scrub and peel the outermost layer of skin; it was invented in Busan by Kim Won-jo (CEO of Hanil Textile) in 1967. Since then, the Italy towel has become a household item in Korean homes and a staple item in Korean saunas. The Italy towel is also used in other areas of Asia such as Thailand, the north of China, Central Asia and Japan.
+The Korean exfoliating mitt was named the Italy towel because the viscose fabric used to make it was imported from Italy at the time. Different colors represent different strengths, with green being the standard.
+According to a 2017 poll held by the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the Italy towel was ranked as one of the top ten inventions made within the country.
+
+
+== Materials ==
+There are different types of Italy towels, with most towels typically made of two squares that are sewn together and fit snugly over the hand. The towels are made of various coarse materials such as viscose rayon, sisal hemp, and nylon. The color of the Italy towel represents the item's strength, with pink and blue representing the softest and most coarse respectively. Green is used to designate the standard coarseness and is the most common type used.
+
+
+== Use ==
+The coarse surface of the Italy towels is meant to help users exfoliate skin more effectively by using a scrubbing motion over the body. Vogue writer Monica Kim has recommended that the towels be used after several minutes of soaking or exposing the skin in water to soften the skin and to use a soothing soap.
+Korean scrub staff, or ttaemiri, recommend to only use the Italy towel once a week to avoid skin damage.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Washcloth
+Washing mitt
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Ivar_Pedersen-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+title: "Jan Ivar Pedersen"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Ivar_Pedersen"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:26.996196+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Jan Ivar Pedersen (24 February 1936 – 25 July 2025) was a Norwegian professor of nutrition.
+He grew up on the island of Karmøy and took his secondary education at Lycée Corneille in Rouen, France. He took the cand.med. degree in 1962 and the dr.med. degree in 1973, both at the University of Oslo. He has been employed at the University of Oslo since 1964, and was promoted to professor in 1984. He has also been a member of the Norwegian National Council on Nutrition. He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters since 1988 and was a Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav since 2007.
+He is married and has two children, and resided at Stabekk. He died in July 2025, aged 89.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_H._Freeland-Graves-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "Jeanne H. Freeland-Graves"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_H._Freeland-Graves"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:05.327835+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Jeanne H. Freeland-Graves is an American nutritionist, currently the Bess Heflin Centennial Professor at University of Texas at Austin.  In 2007 she was awarded the Charles E. Ragus Award of the American Nutrition Association.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraus–Weber_test-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+---
+title: "Kraus–Weber test"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraus–Weber_test"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:44.732827+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Kraus–Weber test (or K–W test) is a fitness test devised in the 1940s by Hans Kraus and Sonja Weber of New York Presbyterian Hospital.  The poor tests results of American children versus children from European countries gained attention in the 1950s from American media, prompting the United States government to establish the Presidential Fitness Test within the following decades.
+
+
+== Description of test ==
+The Kraus–Weber test has six simple exercises and takes 90 seconds to administer. 
+
+A simple sit-up with knees bent and feet planted
+A sit-up with legs extended and not bent
+Raising feet while lying on the back
+Raising head, chest and shoulders off the ground while lying on the stomach
+Raising legs off the ground while lying on the stomach
+With knees straight, bending forward to touch the floor
+
+
+== Test history ==
+Some early studies using the Kraus–Weber test were performed by Bonnie Prudden. In 1940s and 1950s, she applied this test to students in her conditioning classes. To her surprise the new students failed the test at 58% while the students who had been in the program failed at only 8%. Over a period of seven years, Prudden and her volunteers tested 4,458 children between the ages of 6 and 16 in the United States. The failure rate was 56.6%. While climbing in Europe, Prudden and Kraus arranged to test children in Europe. In Italy, Austria and Switzerland, the children tested exhibited an eight percent failure rate.
+In 1952, Prudden and Kraus began writing papers for medical and physical education journals on Hypokinetic Disease: Role of Inactivity in Production of Disease.  At this point, popular media outlets began to cover the findings. 
+In 1955, armed with statistics and a personal invitation to the Dwight Eisenhower White House, Prudden presented her findings on the fitness level of American public school children compared to that of their peers in Europe. The media labeled it The Report that Shocked the President and the Shape of the Nation.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_Health_Sciences_Literature-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+---
+title: "Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_Health_Sciences_Literature"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:45.900855+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (in Portuguese), acronym LILACS, and previously called Latin American Index Medicus, is an on-line bibliographic database in medicine and health sciences, maintained by the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (also known as BIREME, located in São Paulo, Brazil. Similar to MEDLINE, which was developed by the United States National Library of Medicine, it contains bibliographic references to papers that have been published in a set of scientific and medical journals of the region, and that are not covered by MEDLINE.
+The database is structured using the LILACS Methodology, which comprises:
+
+LILDBI-Web, and more recently, FI-ADMIN Software: programs used to make the description and indexing of documents, in addition to performing data checking, required by the Methodology;
+SeCS Software - Periodical Publications Collection Control System: used to control the collection of journals and control the titles of magazines;
+DeCS vocabulary - Health Sciences Descriptors: controlled vocabulary used in indexing to ensure accurate retrieval of bibliographic references;
+Bibliographic Description Manual (7th revised edition - 2008): guides you in filling in the LILDBI-Web and FI-ADMIN data fields;
+Indexing Manual: guides in indexing the documents described in LILDBI-Web and FI-ADMIN. LILACS indexing follows an indexing policy quite similar to the NLM - National Library of Medicine;
+Document Selection Guide: guides in the selection of documents and journal articles that will be inserted in the LILACS database.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== Bibliography ==
+LILACS Methodology
+
+
+== External links ==
+LILACS Portal
+VHL Regional Portal

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_without_being_seen-0.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ chunk: 1/1
 source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_without_being_seen"
 category: "reference"
 tags: "science, encyclopedia"
-date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:29:57.931077+00:00"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:47.147797+00:00"
 instance: "kb-cron"
 ---
 

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini_Provincial_Hospital-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+title: "Lumbini Provincial Hospital"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini_Provincial_Hospital"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:48.349553+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Lumbini Provincial Hospital (Nepali: लुम्बिनी प्रादेशिक अस्पताल) is a government hospital located in Butwal in Lumbini Province of Nepal. The hospital is considered a crucial resource for healthcare to poor citizens who cannot afford private hospitals.It has extended its services from Lumbini Zone to Lumbini Province. It is reffed as one of the biggest hospital in Nepal. Indian people living near the Indo-Nepal border also takes advantage of this hospital service.
+
+
+== History ==
+Late Prime Minister Chandra Sumsher JB Rana had established a small 6 bedded dispensary for Royal Palace station in 1967 BS (1910-1911).  This small dispensary was upgraded with time. The present hospital came in operation in 2020 BS (1963-1964) with 50 beds.
+The bed number was later increased to 200 to meet the demand of local people served by 29 doctors, 31 nurses giving service to 19 people per day on average.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "Maine Department of Health and Human Services"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:49.496619+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Maine Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) is the health department of Maine headquartered in Augusta, Maine, that provides public assistance, child and family welfare services, and oversees health policy and management. It is the largest executive branch department in Maine, employing over 3,000 people.
+
+
+== Offices and divisions ==
+The Maine Department of Health and Human Services comprises the following offices and divisions:
+
+Maine Office of Aging and Disability Services (OADS)
+Maiane Office of Behavioral Health (OBH)
+Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Maine CDC)
+Maine Office of Child and Family Services (OCFS)
+Dorothea Dix Psychiatric Center (DDPC)
+Office for Family Independence (OFI)
+Maine Office of the Health Insurance Marketplace (OHIM)
+Maine Division of Licensing and Certification
+MaineCare
+Riverview Psychiatric Center (RPC)
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Dudycz-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+title: "Maria Dudycz"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Dudycz"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:58:59.259138+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Maria Dudycz is an Australian health professional and advocate for people with disabilities.
+Dudycz is most notable for her work developing the Victorian Disability Act 2006.
+Throughout her career, Dudycz's medical experience has seen her receive a number of Federal Government appointments.  These include chairing the Advisory Panel on the marketing in Australia of Infant Formula from 2001 until 2005, and directing the National Health and Medical Research Council's Breast Cancer Centre from 2001 until 2003.
+Dudycz also chaired the Australasian College of Legal Medicine from 1998 until 2003.
+In 2018, Dudycz was added to the Victorian Honour Roll of Women.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland_Department_of_Health-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+title: "Maryland Department of Health"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland_Department_of_Health"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:50.684770+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Maryland Department of Health is an agency of the government of Maryland responsible for public health issues. The Department is headed by a Secretary who is a member of the Executive Council/Cabinet of the Governor of Maryland. Currently the secretary is Meena Seshamani. Previous secretaries have included Laura Herrera Scott, Dennis R. Schrader, Robert R. Neall, Joshua Sharfstein, and Georges C. Benjamin.
+
+
+== History ==
+The Department was formed in 1969 as the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and was known by this name until June 30, 2017. Although the department itself was formed in 1969, some of its origins go back to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In January 2022, the department disclosed a ransomware cyberattack discovered in the previous month causing disruption in healthcare systems already stressed by the COVID-19 surge.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
+Department of Health, Maryland Manual On-Line

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_record_librarian-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+title: "Medical record librarian"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_record_librarian"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:51.868195+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+A medical record librarian is a librarian of medical records maintaining a diseases an operation index, patient index, and physician index. Medical record librarians also assisted in public health reporting.
+The occupation has been made obsolete with the advent of electronic health records.
+
+
+== United States ==
+In the United States, the profession began in the 1920s.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicines_Control_Authority_of_Zimbabwe-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicines_Control_Authority_of_Zimbabwe"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:53.059034+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ) is the statutory body of Zimbabwe responsible for protecting public and animal health. It was established on September 1, 1969 by an Act of Parliament called the Drugs and Allied Substances Control Act. The MCAZ is a successor of the Drugs Control Council (DCC) and the Zimbabwe Regional Drug Control Laboratory (ZRDCL). Since 2020, the MCAZ has been a member of Vaccine Safety Net (VSN), a global network of websites established by the World Health Organization (WHO). As of 2021, the MCAZ has 101 to 250 staff members. MCAZ became a WHO Global Benchmarking Maturity Level 3 Authority in June 2024.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Mental_Health-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+---
+title: "Minister of Mental Health"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Mental_Health"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:54.314545+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Ministers of Mental Health are specific Government Ministers with a responsibility over mental health.
+
+
+== History ==
+Not many countries have dedicated ministers for mental health, however a minister with another name may be responsible for it.
+
+
+== By country ==
+
+
+=== Australia ===
+Minister for Health and Aged Care, whose responsibilities include mental health – Mark Butler MP
+Minister for Mental Health (Australian Capital Territory) – Emma Davidson MLA
+Minister for Mental Health (New South Wales) – Rose Jackson MLC
+Minister for Mental Health and Suicide Prevention, – Selena Uibo MLA
+Minister for Health, Mental Health and Ambulance Services, whose responsibilities include mental health – Shannon Fentiman MP
+Minister for Health and Wellbeing (South Australia), whose responsibilities include mental health – Chris Picton MP
+Minister for Mental Health and Wellbeing (Tasmania) – Jeremy Rockliff MP
+Minister for Mental Health (Victoria) – Ingrid Stitt MP
+Minister for Mental Health (Western Australia) – Amber-Jade Sanderson MLA
+
+
+=== Canada ===
+Minister of Mental Health and Addictions – Ya'ara Saks MP
+
+
+=== Ireland ===
+Minister of State for Mental Health and Older People – Mary Butler TD
+
+
+=== New Zealand ===
+Minister for Mental Health – Matt Doocey MP
+
+
+=== United Kingdom ===
+Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Mental Health and Women's Health Strategy – Maria Caulfield MP
+Minister for Mental Health (Scotland) – Kevin Stewart MSP
+
+
+== See also ==
+Health minister
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Family_and_Welfare-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+title: "Ministry of Health, Family and Welfare"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Family_and_Welfare"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:59.065634+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Ministry of Health, Family and Welfare of the Republic of Maldives is a government ministry in the Maldives. It is directly responsible for the health and wellbeing of the Citizens of Maldives.
+
+
+== List of Health ministers ==
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Medical_Services_(Fiji)-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+title: "Ministry of Health and Medical Services (Fiji)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Medical_Services_(Fiji)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:55.508914+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Ministry of Health and Medical Services (MOH) is a government ministry of Fiji responsible for overseeing Fiji's Healthcare system. Its head office is in Dinem House in Toorak, Suva. The current Minister for Health and Medical Services is Dr Ratu Atonio Rabici Lalabalavu who was appointed to the position in November 2022.
+
+
+== Responsibilities ==
+The Ministry is tasked to provide quality healthcare to the people of Fiji. It does this through its 3 main Divisional Hospitals, 18 Sub-divisional Hospitals and over 80 Health Centres in which are operated by divisional and sub-divisional departments of the Ministry of Health. The Ministry is also tasked in enacting public health policies and overseeing the implementation of public health programmes.
+
+
+== Ministers ==
+
+
+== See also ==
+Health in Fiji
+COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Ministry of Health and Medical Services

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Medical_Services_(Kiribati)-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Ministry of Health and Medical Services (Kiribati)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Medical_Services_(Kiribati)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:56.733181+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Ministry of Health and Medical Services (MHMS) (in Gilbertese, Botaki n Mwakuri ibukin te Mauri ao Katoki Aoraki) is a governmental ministry of Kiribati. It is partnered with the World Bank, Unicef, Australian Aid, UNFPA, and New Zealand Foreign Affairs and Trade.
+
+
+== Ministers ==
+Tekarei Russell (1975–1977)
+Abete Merang (1979–1982) for Health and Community Affairs
+Natanaera Kirata (2003–2007)
+Dr Kautu Tenaua (2007–2016)
+Kobebe Taitai (2016–2018)
+Tauanei Marea (2018–2020)
+Dr Tinte Itinteang (2020–)
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Ministry of Health and Medical Services

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Medical_Services_(Solomon_Islands)-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+title: "Ministry of Health and Medical Services (Solomon Islands)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Medical_Services_(Solomon_Islands)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:57.903432+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Ministry of Health and Medical Services (MHMS) is one of the ministries of the Solomon Islands Government.
+The ministry delivers government services for health including developing the national health strategic plan. The ministry is also responsible for running national health programmes which monitor disease and provide public awareness.
+
+
+== Organisation ==
+MHMS consists of the following divisions: 
+
+Central Headquarters and Administration
+National Eye Care Division
+Policy and Planning Division
+Internal Audit
+National Dental Program
+National Environmental Health Programme
+National Health Promotion
+National Health Training and Research
+National HIV / STI
+National Public Health Laboratory Program
+National Medical Imaging Services
+National Medical Store
+Social Welfare and Gender Base Violence
+Public Health Emergency and Surveillance
+Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
+Nursing Council Board
+National Vector Borne Disease Control
+National TB / Leprosy Program
+National Reproductive and Child Health
+National Referral Hospital
+National Pharmacy Division
+National Nursing Administration
+Non-Communicable Disease Program
+National Mental Health
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Ministry of Health and Medical Services - Commonwealth of Nations
+Official website

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Department_of_Health-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+title: "Minnesota Department of Health"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Department_of_Health"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:00.271258+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) is the state health agency of the State of Minnesota in the United States. The department has four offices in Saint Paul and seven outside of the Twin Cities metropolitan area: Bemidji, Duluth, Fergus Falls, Mankato, Marshall, Rochester, and St. Cloud.
+The agency was established in 1977 after the abolition of the state board of health, which had existed since 1872.
+The agency is responsible for Minnesotans' public health, including disease control and prevention, environmental health, public policy, and regulation of health care providers. Additionally, it runs an immunization program and reports on the quality of clinical care in hospitals and clinics across the state.
+On September 15, 2021, the Minnesota Department of Health announced the release of Docket, a free mobile application that enables consumer access to the Minnesota Immunization Information Connection (MIIC) system.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito_Awareness_Week-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+title: "Mosquito Awareness Week"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito_Awareness_Week"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:01.437042+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Mosquito Awareness Week or Mosquito Control Awareness Week is held every year in North and South American countries, including the United States. Mosquito Awareness Week is observed annually in late June. A separate Caribbean Mosquito Awareness Week (CARPA) is held earlier in the year, typically in April or May.
+Mosquito Awareness Week raises awareness of diseases spread by mosquitoes, including dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika, yellow fever, and malaria. It aims to reduce mosquito breeding and encourage people to take preventative measures to avoid mosquito bites.
+
+
+== History ==
+Mosquito Awareness Week began in 2016 in response to the 2015 - 2016 Zika outbreak.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Pan American Health Organization
+Prevent Mosquito Bites - CDC

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_AIDS_Control_Programme-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+title: "National AIDS Control Programme"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_AIDS_Control_Programme"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:02.640407+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) is a government health organization of Tanzania. It was founded in 1986 and it operates under the purview of the country's Ministry of Health.
+The NACP is a policy making board, on the issue of HIV and AIDS in Tanzania.
+The National AIDS Control Programme offers information regarding HIV, AIDS, and other STIs to the public. Currently the organization is working toward the 90-90-90 goal set by UNAIDS.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+National AIDS Control Programme
+National AIDS Control Programme Twitter

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Colon_Cancer_Awareness_Month-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+title: "National Colon Cancer Awareness Month"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Colon_Cancer_Awareness_Month"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:03.829680+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+National Colon Cancer Awareness Month is an annual celebration observed in the United States during the month of March, to increase awareness of colorectal cancer. In the United States it is organized by the Colorectal Cancer Alliance, Fight Colorectal Cancer, the Colon Cancer Coalition, and other organizations and survivor networks.
+
+
+== History ==
+National Colon Cancer Awareness Month (or National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month) in the United States was first established via Presidential Proclamation, signed by then President Bill Clinton on February 29, 2000.
+
+
+== Events ==
+
+A National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month proclamation was issued by President Barack Obama for three years between 2014 and 2016.
+The manner of celebration for national colon cancer awareness month varies, but many organizations host special events to help engage their local communities in raising awareness, such as with the Dress in Blue Day promoted by the Colorectal Cancer Alliance, Blue for CRC by the Colon Cancer Coalition, and Call on Congress by Fight Colorectal Cancer.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+National Colon Cancer Awareness Month
+Colorectal Cancer Awareness Archived 2020-08-04 at the Wayback Machine
+Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month Toolkit

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Family_Health_Survey-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+---
+title: "National Family Health Survey"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Family_Health_Survey"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:05.009049+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) is an India-wide survey conducted by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, with the International Institute for Population Sciences serving as the nodal agency. The NFHS is one of the global surveys conducted by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through its Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) program.
+
+
+== History ==
+In 1992–93, the first round of the National Family Health Survey was conducted in three phases. The main objective of the survey was to collect reliable and up-to-date information on fertility, family planning, mortality, and maternal and child health. Subsequently, three other rounds were conducted between 1998 and 2016.
+The latest survey is NFHS 5, which started in 2019. However, the survey was stalled amid the COVID-19 associated lockdown. Eventually, the NFHS-5 findings were released in December 2020. Based on these findings, the ministry has set up a technical expert group to improve indicators pertaining to Malnutrition, Stunting, Anaemia, and C-Section.
+
+
+== List of surveys ==
+National Family Health Survey-1 (1992–93)
+National Family Health Survey-2 (1998–99)
+National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-2006)
+National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-2016)
+National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-2021) (latest)
+
+
+== Homepage ==
+http://rchiips.org/nfhsnew/nfhsuser/index.php
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Patient_Safety_Goals-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+title: "National Patient Safety Goals"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Patient_Safety_Goals"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:06.405441+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The National Patient Safety Goals is a quality and patient safety improvement program established by the Joint Commission in 2003. The NPSGs were established to help accredited organizations address specific areas of concern in regards to patient safety.
+
+
+== Hospital Patient Safety Goals ==
+Source:
+
+Identify Patients Correctly
+Improve Effective Communication Between Staff
+Improve the Safety of Medication Use
+Reduce Patient Harm Associated with Medical Equipment Alarm Systems
+Reduce and Prevent Infection
+Identify Safety Risks for Patients Regarding Suicide
+Improve Health Care Equity
+Prevent Mistakes in Surgery
+
+
+== Telehealth Patient Safety Goals ==
+Source:
+
+Identify Patients Correctly
+Improve Staff Communication
+Use Medicines Safely
+Identify Patient Safety Risks for Suicide
+Improve Health Care Equity
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Stroke_Awareness_Month-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+title: "National Stroke Awareness Month"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Stroke_Awareness_Month"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:07.594892+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+National Stroke Awareness Month is observed in the United States annually during the month of May. National Stroke Awareness Month was created to promote public awareness and reduce the incidence of stroke in the United States.
+
+
+== History ==
+National Stroke Awareness Month began in May 1989 after President George H. W. Bush signed the Presidential Proclamation 5975. National Stroke Awareness Month aims to increase the public awareness about the warning signs of stroke, symptoms of a stroke, stroke prevention, and the impact of stroke on survivors, families and caregivers. The United States Government, along with National Stroke Association, the American Heart Association, and other non-profits, work together to educate the American people about the prevention of stroke and provide key resources to stroke survivors.
+
+
+== Symptoms ==
+Because tPA, a clot-busting drug, can only be administered to stroke patients within the first three hours of the onset of stroke, recognizing the symptoms of stroke is very important. National Stroke Awareness Month aims to educate Americans to recognize the symptoms of stroke.
+
+
+== Prevention ==
+80 percent of strokes are caused by lifestyle; therefore, strokes are largely preventable. Although some stroke risk factors, such as age or race, cannot be controlled, there are many other steps individuals can take to reduce their risk of stroke.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Survey_on_Drug_Use_and_Health-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+title: "National Survey on Drug Use and Health"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Survey_on_Drug_Use_and_Health"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:08.769461+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The National Survey on Drug Use and Health, often abbreviated NSDUH, is an annual nationwide survey on the use of legal and illegal drugs, as well as mental disorders, that has been conducted by the  United States federal government since 1971. It is funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), and is supervised by the SAMHSA's Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. The survey interviews about 70,000 Americans aged 12 and older, through face-to-face interviews conducted where the respondent lives. Web data collection methodology was implemented in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and both web and face-to-face interviews are still used. In 1988, RTI International started conducting the survey, and they have been contracted by SAMHSA to continue doing so through 2017. It was originally called the Nationwide Study of Beliefs, Information, and Experiences (NSBIE), was renamed in 1977 to National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA), and was finally renamed in 2002 with its current name. The NSDUH, along with the Monitoring the Future, is one of the two main ways the National Institute on Drug Abuse measures drug use in the United States.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+ This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Treatment_Purchase_Fund-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+title: "National Treatment Purchase Fund"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Treatment_Purchase_Fund"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:09.955953+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The National Treatment Purchase Fund (NTPF) is an Irish government body which was established to decrease waiting lists in the Irish public healthcare system. 
+The Fund was established in May 2004 by order of the Minister for Health and Children, Micheál Martin. Its remit was extended under the Nursing Homes Support Scheme Act 2009. The NTPF reduced waiting times for procedures from between 2 and 5 years in 2002 to an average of 2.4 months in 2009.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Healthcare in the Republic of Ireland
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauheim_bath-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+title: "Nauheim bath"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauheim_bath"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:11.257358+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+A Nauheim bath is a special bath which is taken in water through which carbon dioxide is bubbled. Systematic exercises are taken in this bath for the treatment of cardiac conditions. The procedure is named after the town of Bad Nauheim, Germany. which is known for its natural waters and thermals.
+
+
+== References ==
+Anderson, Kenneth N.; Anderson, Lois E.; Glanze, Walter D. (1998), Mosby's Medical, Nursing & Allied Health Dictionary 5th Edition, St. Louis, MO, US: Mosby Inc., ISBN 0-8151-4631-0

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_Health_System-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+title: "Northeast Health System"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_Health_System"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:12.625770+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Northeast Health System, a network of hospitals, was formed by three upstate New York hospitals. In 2011, Northeast merged with two other health systems to form St. Peter's Health Partners.
+
+
+== Member hospitals ==
+Albany Memorial Hospital,
+St. Peter's Hospital (Albany, New York),
+Samaritan Hospital (Troy, New York),
+Sunnyview Hospital and Rehabilitation Center (Schenectady).
+The Northeast Health Foundation announced their new name and will be doing business as
+"Samaritan Hospital and The Eddy Foundation".
+In 2011, Northeast Health System, St. Peter's Health Care Services, and Seton Health merged to form St. Peter's Health Partners.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_Public_Health_Collaborative-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+---
+title: "Northeast Public Health Collaborative"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_Public_Health_Collaborative"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:13.810929+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Northeast Public Health Collaborative is a coalition created by the governors of several northeast states (including New York, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, New Jersey, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Virginia) to coordinate public health guidelines separate from the CDC, similar to the West Coast Health Alliance. Maryland joined in September 2025, and Virginia joined in March 2026.
+The voluntary collaboration aims "to share expertise, improve coordination, enhance capacity, strengthen regional readiness, and promote and protect evidence-based public health" and "ensure trust in public health, respond to public health threats, advance community health and strengthen confidence in ... science-based medicine".
+The NEPHC released COVID-19 vaccine recommendations for the 2025-2026 academic year on September 15, 2025.
+
+
+== Background ==
+The coalition was formed after a series of controversial decisions by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) under the leadership of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. A week before the announcement, CDC director Susan Monarez was fired over disagreements on vaccine policy, with her attorneys saying she "refused to rubber-stamp unscientific, reckless directives". Four more top CDC leaders resigned claiming political interference in their duties. On June 23, 2025, Kennedy fired all 17 members of an advisory panel for vaccine recommendations, replacing some with people who allegedly had previously spread misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Collaboratives for respiratory virus vaccine guidelines:
+West Coast Health Alliance
+Governors Public Health Alliance
+Interstate pacts for COVID-19 pandemic recovery:
+Eastern States Multi-state Council
+Midwest Governors Regional Pact
+Western States Pact
+Second presidency of Donald Trump
+Vaccination policy of the United States
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "Obesity in the Republic of Ireland"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:14.950198+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Obesity in the Republic of Ireland is a major health concern. Ireland has one of Europe's highest rates of obesity; 60% of adults, and over 20% of children and young people, in the country are overweight or obese. In 2011, 23.4% of the country's population was obese. The country's mean BMI increased by 1.1kg (2.4lbs)/m² between 1990 and 2001 and 0.6 kilograms (1.3 lb)/m² between 2001 and 2011. 
+In 2015, the government released figures showing that the cost of obesity to the country was €1bn per year.  By 2017, it was estimated that the lifetime costs of obesity were €4.6bn for the country (and €2.6bn for Northern Ireland), including healthcare costs and loss of working hours.
+A PubMed study found obesity among children specifically in Ireland fell from 25% in 2005 to 16% by 2019; however, the study cautions that obesity remains a serious problem in Ireland.
+A European study in 2021 found that Ireland had the second highest level of obesity in Europe (behind Malta), with the highest rates being found in people aged over 65. The report also found that people living in counties along the border were most likely to be overweight or obese, while people living in western and south western counties had the lowest rate.
+In 2022, the WHO stated that obesity has become an epidemic in Ireland, especially after Covid, with 57% of adults and 8% of children under five being overweight or obese.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Health in the Republic of Ireland
+Epidemiology of obesity
+Obesity in the United Kingdom
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+SafeFood website, What are the estimated costs of childhood overweight and obesity on the island of Ireland?, 2017
+Queen's University Belfast website, Overweight and obesity on the island of Ireland: an estimation of costs, 2015

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Long_COVID_Research_and_Practice-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+title: "Office of Long COVID Research and Practice"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Long_COVID_Research_and_Practice"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:16.122681+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Office of Long COVID Research and Practice (OLC) is a government office housed within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) that was formed to coordinate research into Long COVID and support for affected individuals. Created in 2023, the office serves under the leadership of Rachel Levine, the Assistant Secretary for Health, and works alongside 14 government agencies currently conducting research into Long COVID. 
+
+
+== Background and organization ==
+In 2023, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) established the RECOVER Initiative to initiate research into Long COVID. The OLC was established in 2023 with funding for only two full-time employees. In July 2023, it was reported that the OLC would hire contractors and be staffed with employees from other HHS offices. Following its creation, Secretary of Health and Human Services Xavier Becerra remarked that its "solidifies this issue [of Long COVID] as an ongoing priority" of the Biden administration.
+
+
+== See also ==
+RECOVER Initiative
+COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-air_treatment-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+title: "Open-air treatment"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-air_treatment"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:17.304070+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Open-air treatment is the therapeutic use of fresh air and sunshine.  In a hospital or sanitorium, this may be done by ensuring good ventilation in an airy, sunny room or by housing patients outdoors in tents or other open forms of accommodation.  During the 20th century, such treatment was used for people with infectious respiratory diseases such as influenza or tuberculosis.
+In the 1960s, researchers into biological warfare found that microbes such as Escherichia coli were killed when exposed to outdoor air but that, when they were enclosed, they would remain viable for longer.  They called this the open air factor but were unable to identify the exact mechanism or disinfecting agent.
+Open-air schools were established in several countries to provide a healthy environment for sickly children, emphasising fresh air, good food and exercise.  In England, the first one opened at Bostall Wood in 1907 and, by the 1930s, there were over a hundred across the country.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_LabScam-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+title: "Operation LabScam"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_LabScam"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:18.538037+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Operation LabScam was a United States government investigation in the 1990s by a seven-member taskforce into laboratory billing fraud resulting in $800 million in fines.
+Fraudulent billing practices included labs were billing Medicare and other government healthcare programs for medically unnecessary tests, upcoded tests, tests that were never conducted, and providing kickbacks to physicians.
+The following labs were implicated: Damon Clinical Laboratories, SmithKline Beecham Clinical Laboratories (SBCL), Corning Life Sciences, Liberty Testing Laboratory.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_tracing-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+title: "Origin tracing"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_tracing"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:19.712222+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Tracing the origins of novel viruses and the specific pathways by which they enter the population is based on epidemiological, genomic, virological and clinical studies. This requires that key stakeholders, such as researchers and health workers on the ground pass data to international agencies such as the WHO or the MSF, as free of restrictions as possible, within the constraints of medical privacy laws.
+John Snow traced the origins of 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak to a contaminated water pump, heralding the advent of epidemiology. However, after the pandemic subsided Snow's findings were rejected by government officials causing a political controversy.
+In an interview with Discover Magazine, Ian Lipkin said of virus hunting "Initially the evidence is circumstantial", likening it to criminology where a motive and opportunity need to be established.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Emerging infectious disease
+Scientific Advisory Group for Origins of Novel Pathogens
+WHO Hub for Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Malady-0.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ chunk: 1/1
 source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Malady"
 category: "reference"
 tags: "science, encyclopedia"
-date_saved: "2026-05-05T08:59:17.728534+00:00"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:21.004458+00:00"
 instance: "kb-cron"
 ---
 

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrots_(Prohibition_of_Import)_Regulations_1930-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "Parrots (Prohibition of Import) Regulations 1930"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrots_(Prohibition_of_Import)_Regulations_1930"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:22.179510+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Parrots (Prohibition of Import) Regulations 1930 (SR&O 1930/299) were created to prevent the importation of parrots into the UK following consideration by the permanent Committee of the Office international d'hygiène publique, after the appearance of psittacosis in the worldwide 1929–1930 psittacosis pandemic. It added further duties for port medical officers of health. Parrots for research were exempt, but not parrots brought home by serviceman.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriotic_Health_Campaign-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+title: "Patriotic Health Campaign"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriotic_Health_Campaign"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:23.383843+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Patriotic Health Campaign, first started in 1952, was a campaign aimed to improve sanitation, hygiene, as well as attack diseases in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Throughout the 1950s to the 1970s, public health campaigns were carried out throughout China targeting diseases like cholera or diarrhea, among many others. Due to high illiteracy rates, health posters were frequently used to communicate medical knowledge visually to the masses. According to historians, the health campaign was closely tied to many Chinese domestic issues during the time, such as the socialist reconstruction in China, and the Cultural Revolution.
+According to multiple historians including Andrew Kuech, Milton Leitenberg, Thomas Powell, Ruth Rogaski, and Nianqun Yang, the PRC Government started the campaign after reports of germ-warfare in North Korea by the United States. While the validity of this claim is dubious, the PRC Government used them to encourage public hygiene and health work. Due to its origin, the Patriotic Health Campaign is also the origin of many Chinese propaganda posters criticizing American imperialism and its "germ-warfare".
+
+
+== Legacy ==
+The Patriotic Health Campaigns were discussed by Chinese leader Xi Jinping on his 70th campaign anniversary. He claimed that it had "focused on people's health and given priority to prevention, playing an important role in changing the landscape of urban and rural environment and sanitation, effectively responding to major infectious diseases, and improving the level of social health management."
+Additionally, the Patriotic Health Campaigns led to the creation of the Chinese Patriotic Health Month in 1989, which aimed to promote awareness about public health.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Ministry of Health
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+"China follows Mao with mass cull" BBC news.
+"Critical health literacy: a case study from China in schistosomiasis control"
+"Children's Health and Care" in China.

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_glare-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "Pattern glare"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_glare"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:24.567113+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Pattern glare is a form of visual discomfort that arises from viewing repetitively striped patterns, such as those of op art. Instead of the patterns appearing as they are, they may appear to move, shimmer, or vary in shape over time.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paula_method-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "Paula method"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paula_method"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:25.772903+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Paula Method is a proposed alternative to Kegel exercises. The idea is that by strengthening one's sphincter muscles (eye muscle: orbicularis oculi and mouth muscle: orbicularis oris), the contractions would also strengthen the sphincter muscles in the pelvic floor. Evidence to support its use is lacking.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrenospasm-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+title: "Phrenospasm"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrenospasm"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T11:59:08.908927+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Phrenospasm, sometimes referred to by the idiom getting the wind knocked out of you, is the reflexive spasm of the diaphragm that occurs when sudden force is applied to the upper central region of the abdomen and the solar plexus, causing difficulty of breathing. This often happens in contact sports, from a forceful blow to the abdomen, or by falling on the back.
+The sensation of being unable to breathe can lead to anxiety and there may be residual pain from the original blow, but the condition typically clears spontaneously in a minute or two. Victims of such a "winding" episode often groan in a strained manner until normal breathing resumes. Loosening restrictive garments and flexing the hips and knees can help relieve the symptoms.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== Further reading ==
+MacAuley, D (2007). Oxford Handbook of Sport and Exercise Medicine. Oxford University Press. p. 572. ISBN 978-0-19-856839-1.
+Shultz, Sandra J.; Houglum, Peggy A.; Perrin, David H. (2005). Examination of Musculoskeletal Injuries. Human Kinetics. p. 567. ISBN 0-7360-5138-4.

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_study-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+title: "Population study"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_study"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:28.165919+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Population study is an interdisciplinary field of scientific study that uses various statistical methods and models to analyse, determine, address, and predict population challenges and trends from data collected through various data collection methods such as population census, registration method, sampling, and some other systems of data sources. In the various fields of healthcare, a population study is a study of a group of individuals taken from the general population who share a common characteristic, such as age, sex, or health condition. This group may be studied for different reasons, such as their response to a drug or risk of getting a disease.
+ This article incorporates public domain material from Dictionary of Cancer Terms. U.S. National Cancer Institute.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Demography
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Population study entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Health_Institute_of_Chile-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "Public Health Institute of Chile"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Health_Institute_of_Chile"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:29.346138+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Public Health Institute of Chile (ISP) is a public organization that promotes and protects public health in Chile. Since 2019, the ISP has been a member of Vaccine Safety Net (VSN), a global network of websites established by the World Health Organization (WHO).
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QWERTY_Tummy-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+title: "QWERTY Tummy"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QWERTY_Tummy"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:31.669250+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+QWERTY Tummy is a term denoted for the phenomenon of an upset stomach that comes from the use of filthy keyboards and in more recent times, from the use of mobile phones' keypads.
+
+
+== Background ==
+QWERTY Tummy was first coined a British consumers group in the context of its study on office hygiene. A survey and chemical analysis of 33 keyboards by scientific experts found among other substances, food poisoning bugs such as e-coli and staphylococcus, comparing the results to those found on lavatory seats and door handles. The findings, according to the experts were supposedly identical to offices all over Britain with some keyboards harboring 150 times the acceptable limit that a human can endure and five times more bacteria than lavatory seats.
+The QWERTY addition to the term is a direct reference to the layout of a typical keyboard's alphabets which was coined in 1980, as result of the persistent use of the term despite changes in the layout.
+
+
+== Importance ==
+Apart from the statistics pointing towards an accumulation of 150 times the acceptable level of bacteria for a human and five times the bacteria on an average toilet seat, two keyboards  had ‘warning levels’ of Staphylococcus aureus, and two others had ‘worryingly elevated’ levels of coliforms and enterobacteria, ‘putting users at high risk of becoming ill from contact’, resulting in Diarrhea, and other stomach-related  infections.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualified_Health_Benefit_Plan-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+title: "Qualified Health Benefit Plan"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualified_Health_Benefit_Plan"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:30.503812+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+A Qualified Health Benefits Plan (QHBP) is a healthcare plan that follows rules included in the proposed Affordable Health Care for America Act (H.R. 3962), preceded by America's Affordable Health Choices Act of 2009 (H.R. 3200). These rules include offering a standard set of services, which includes hospital and outpatient care, mental health, prevention, well-child care, and maternity care.
+H.R. 3962 would require private insurance plans and the public health insurance option to adhere to a set of standards:
+
+Guaranteed renewal of insurance
+Guaranteed acceptance, regardless of a person's current health or health history.
+A cap on out-of-pocket costs
+Allow the use of affordability credits so that those with (sudden or long-term) lower incomes can afford insurance
+Competition in the market place and efficiency requirements for private plans to bring the cost of premiums down
+It also requires that the public plan be national – available everywhere in the United States.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_protective_equipment-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+---
+title: "Respiratory protective equipment"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_protective_equipment"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:32.916135+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Respiratory protective equipment (RPE), also called protective breathing equipment (PBE) in the US, is a form of personal protective equipment designed to protect the wearer from a variety of airborne hazards in the form of a gas, fume, mist, dust or vapour. Respirators filter the air to remove harmful particles and alongside the breathing apparatus (BA) provides clean air for the worker to breathe.
+
+
+== UK legislation ==
+RPE is covered by a number of UK laws including:
+
+Personal Protective Equipment Regulations, 2002 
+Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992
+Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974
+Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002.
+The Health and Safety Executive advises that RPE should be appropriate for the needs of the wearer, the task they are undertaking and the environment in which it takes place.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Air filter – Device which removes solid particulates from the air
+Breathing apparatus – Equipment allowing or assisting the user to breathe in a hostile environment
+Cartridges and canisters of air-purifying respirators – Container that cleans pollution from air inhaled through itPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
+Gas mask – Protection from inhaling airborne pollutants and toxic gases
+Powered air-purifying respirator – Full-face respirator that provides filtered air to the wearer using an electric fan
+Respirator – Device worn to protect the user from inhaling contaminants
+Automated breathing metabolic simulator
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retiree_Drug_Subsidy-0.md

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+---
+title: "Retiree Drug Subsidy"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retiree_Drug_Subsidy"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:34.116751+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Retiree Drug Subsidy Program is a program offered by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to reimburse health plan sponsors (municipalities, unions and private employers) for a portion of their eligible expenses for retiree prescription drug benefits. This enables Plan Sponsors to continue providing drug coverage to their Medicare-eligible retirees at a lower cost.
+Benefits of the RDS Program for participating Plan Sponsors include:
+
+A Federal subsidy equal to 28-percent Qualifying Covered Retiree's costs for prescription drugs otherwise covered by Medicare Part D that are attributable to such drug costs between the applicable Cost Threshold and Cost Limit
+Incurred costs (including dispensing fees) that the Health Plan Sponsor pays, and that the retiree pays, are eligible for subsidy. Rebates received are subtracted from the amount eligible for subsidy.
+Program flexibility that supports the Health Plan Sponsor's current prescription drug plan structure
+Extensive educational materials and support
+To qualify for the subsidy, a Health Plan Sponsor must show that its coverage is "actuarially equivalent" to, or at least as generous as, the defined standard Medicare Part D coverage.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_smoking-0.md

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+---
+title: "Reverse smoking"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_smoking"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:35.290106+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Reverse smoking is a kind of smoking where the burnt end of a hand rolled tobacco leaf is put in the mouth rather than the unlit end of the cigar. It is practiced in some parts of Andhra Pradesh, India, Lusaka, Zambia and the Philippines. While conventional smoking is more prevalent among men, studies suggest that reverse smoking is a more common among women than men. Reverse smoking is considered to be a risk factor for oral cancer.
+Reverse smoking may cause a pre-malignant version of Stomatitis nicotina, also called "smoker's palate", characterized by melanin depigmentation and epithelial thinning.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_M._van_Dam-0.md

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+---
+title: "Rob M. van Dam"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_M._van_Dam"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:54.321777+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Rob Martinus van Dam is a Dutch-American nutrition researcher who serves as a professor in the Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences in the Milken Institute School of Public Health at George Washington University. He was educated at Wageningen University and the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Before joining George Washington University in 2021, he was on the faculty of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, and the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine at the National University of Singapore. In 2018, he was recognized as an ISI Highly Cited Researcher.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Faculty page
+Rob M. van Dam publications indexed by Google Scholar

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Danielson_Feminine_Hygiene_Product_Safety_Act-0.md

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+---
+title: "Robin Danielson Feminine Hygiene Product Safety Act"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Danielson_Feminine_Hygiene_Product_Safety_Act"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:37.626923+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Robin Danielson Feminine Hygiene Product Safety Act is a proposed act of the United States Congress, directing the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to research the possible health risks of menstrual hygiene products made with dioxins, synthetic fibers, chemicals such as chlorine or fragrance irritants. It also called for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to monitor dioxin levels in similar hygiene products.
+First introduced in 1997 (but renamed in 1999), the bill is named after Robin Danielson, who died in 1998 of toxic shock syndrome, a rare bacterial disease linked to high-absorbency tampon use. Congresswoman Carolyn Maloney has re-introduced the bill a number of times since then, but it has never passed or received significant support.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAID_principle-0.md

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+---
+title: "SAID principle"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAID_principle"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:38.820726+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+In physical rehabilitation and sports training, the SAID principle asserts that the human body adapts specifically to imposed demands. It demonstrates that, given stressors on the human system, there will be a Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands (SAID). For example, by only doing pull-ups on the same regular pull-up bar, the body becomes adapted to this specific physical demand, but not necessarily to other climbing patterns or environments.
+In 1958, Berkeley Professor of Physical Education Franklin M. Henry proposed the "Specificity Hypothesis of Motor Learning".
+
+
+== See also ==
+Strength training
+Supercompensation
+Velocity Based Training (VBT)
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentinel_Initiative-0.md

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+---
+title: "Sentinel Initiative"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentinel_Initiative"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:39.968567+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Sentinel Initiative is a set of efforts by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that tries to improve the ability to identify and evaluate safety of medicinal products.
+It has several parts: Sentinel System, Postmarket Rapid Immunization Safety Monitoring (PRISM) system, and Blood Safety Continuous Active Surveillance Network (BloodSCAN). Part of Sentinel Initiative is a surveillance program for biologics. It is called Biologics Effectiveness and Safety (BEST) Initiative.
+
+
+== Sentinel System ==
+The Sentinel System uses pre-existing electronic healthcare data (including billing data). Part of the Sentinel System is a tool called Active Postmarket Risk Identification and Analysis (ARIA) system that was mandated in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Amendments Act (FDAAA) of 2007.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Health informatics
+Real world data
+Real world evidence
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_efficiency-0.md

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+---
+title: "Sleep efficiency"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_efficiency"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:41.179818+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Sleep efficiency (SE) is the ratio between the time a person spends asleep, and the total time dedicated to sleep (i.e. both sleeping and attempting to fall asleep or fall back asleep). It is given as a percentage. SE of 80% or more is considered normal/healthy with most young healthy adults displaying SE above 90%. SE can be determined with a polysomnograph and is an important parameter of a sleep study.
+Sleep efficiency is often described as the ratio between time spent asleep ("total sleep time (TST)"), and time spent "in bed" ("time in bed (TIB)"), however, TIB does not encompass "non-sleep-related activities" performed in bed (e.g. reading, watching television, etc.) as the phrase may seem to suggest.
+Sleep efficiency plays a big role in insomnia research, since it shows the amount of time people are in bed for versus how much sleep they get. People with insomnia often spend lots of time in bed but get little sleep. This can often times increase stress and make the problem worse. Improving sleep efficiency is often a way to measure whether insomnia treatments are working. [1]
+
+
+== Clinical significance ==
+Long sleep duration may be a sign of low sleep efficiency. SE is significantly reduced in insomnia; SE is therefore an important clinical parameter in clinical investigations of insomnia. SE declines with age and low SE is common in the elderly. Furthermore, lower values of SE are often observed in sleep studies on pregnant populations and are mostly explained by the increased awakening periods after sleep onset (''wake after sleep onset (WASO)'').
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sling_(medicine)-0.md

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+---
+title: "Sling (medicine)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sling_(medicine)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:43.545652+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+A sling or arm sling is a device to limit movement of the shoulder and elbow, or protect the hand while an injury heals, made of cloth or a similar material. The sling normally holds the forearm against the body, horizontally or higher. A triangular bandage or simply a strip of cloth may be used as a sling. Various purpose-made slings are available, ranging from simple strips to felt slings made to cushion the arm from elbow to wrist, with a neck strap, often using hook-and-loop fasteners on a felt body.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slí_na_Sláinte-0.md

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+---
+title: "Slí na Sláinte"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slí_na_Sláinte"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:42.361623+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Slí na Sláinte (Irish pronunciation: [ˌʃl̠ʲiː n̪ˠə ˈsˠl̪ˠaːn̠ʲtʲə]; meaning "path of health") is an initiative developed by the Irish Heart Foundation. The initiative, which began in the mid-1990s in Ireland, is also in operation in a number of other countries. It is intended to encourage exercise and to increase the number of people walking. According to the Irish Heart Foundation, walking is a "perfect form of exercise", is free and "can be done anywhere, anytime and requires no special gear".
+
+
+== Operation ==
+Under the initiative, yellow signs on blue poles are placed at one-kilometre intervals along established walking routes. These signs, which are funded by the relevant local authority, allow walkers to keep track of how far they have walked.
+In some locations, trained walking leaders promote and lead walks in their area, and run the "Slí Challenge" to help people calculate their time and distance walked to help them achieve awards when targets are met.
+As of 2007, there were over 150 Slí na Sláinte walking routes around Ireland. By 2021, this had grown to a network of 230 routes in Ireland. The programme was also introduced in other European countries, including in Sweden and Germany.
+
+
+== Gallery ==
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+
+Irish Heart Foundation - Slí na Sláinte

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Histories_of_Medicine-0.md

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 source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Histories_of_Medicine"
 category: "reference"
 tags: "science, encyclopedia"
-date_saved: "2026-05-05T09:00:04.844011+00:00"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:44.747145+00:00"
 instance: "kb-cron"
 ---
 

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoma_diet-0.md

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+---
+title: "Sonoma diet"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoma_diet"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:45.944694+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Sonoma Diet (also known as the New Sonoma Diet) is a lifestyle plan that was devised by nutritionist Connie Guttersen, and is a derivation of the Mediterranean diet.
+
+
+== See also ==
+List of diets
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official Website

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul,_Mind,_Body_Medicine-0.md

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 source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul,_Mind,_Body_Medicine"
 category: "reference"
 tags: "science, encyclopedia"
-date_saved: "2026-05-05T09:00:08.390879+00:00"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:47.202081+00:00"
 instance: "kb-cron"
 ---
 

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TARMED-0.md

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+---
+title: "TARMED"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TARMED"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:48.346377+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+TARMED is a system of procedure codes used in Switzerland.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_cleaning-0.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ chunk: 1/1
 source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_cleaning"
 category: "reference"
 tags: "science, encyclopedia"
-date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:33:49.838595+00:00"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:50.791880+00:00"
 instance: "kb-cron"
 ---
 

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_recordable_incident_rate-0.md

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+---
+title: "Total recordable incident rate"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_recordable_incident_rate"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:51.955945+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The total recordable incident rate (TRIR) is a measure of occupational safety and health, useful for comparing working conditions in workplaces and industries. It is calculated by combining the actual number of safety incidents and total work hours of all employees with a standard employee group (100 employees working 40 hours a week for 50 weeks a year).
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Coverage_(Thailand)-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+title: "Universal Coverage (Thailand)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Coverage_(Thailand)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:53.131824+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Universal Coverage Scheme (UCS), also known as the Gold Card or 30-baht scheme, is the largest of the three Thai healthcare programmes that provide universal health care. It covers the majority of the population, and is directly funded by the national budget and allocated on a mixed per-capita basis by the National Health Security Office (NHSO). The programme was launched in 2002 during the government of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, based on foundational developmental work by public-health civil servants, especially Doctor Sanguan Nitayarumphong, beginning in the 1980s.
+At its launch, the programme required a copayment of 30 baht (approx. 1 US dollar) per visit, and it became widely known by that name. Thailand became among of the few middle-income countries to implement universal healthcare, and the system was internationally praised and contributed greatly to Thaksin's political popularity.
+The system has, since its original implementation, seen various modifications, including the removal of the 30 baht copayment (which happened following Thaksin's overthrow by coup in 2006) and the provision of direct access to antiretroviral therapy, haemodialysis and other chronic diseases. Further reforms are still being considered in order to address financial sustainability issues.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virkon-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+title: "Virkon"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virkon"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:55.505190+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Virkon is a multi-purpose disinfectant. It contains potassium peroxymonosulfate (an oxidizing agent), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (a detergent), sulfamic acid (a cleaning agent), and inorganic buffers. It is typically used for cleaning up hazardous spills, disinfecting surfaces and soaking equipment. The solution is used in many areas, including hospitals, laboratories, nursing homes, funeral homes, dental and veterinary facilities, and anywhere else where control of pathogens is required.
+1% Virkon has a wide spectrum of activity against pathogens. This includes at least 300 strains/clinical isolates from 76 bacteria, 47 strains/clinical isolates from 35 viruses, and 45 strains/clinical isolates from 17 fungi.
+It has been proven effective against SARS-COV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, it is less effective against pathogenic fungi than some alternative disinfectants.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Medical_Record-0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+title: "Virtual Medical Record"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Medical_Record"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T12:00:56.700307+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Virtual Medical Record (vMR) is a simplified, standardised electronic health record data model designed to support interfacing to clinical decision support (CDS) systems. vMR is compatible with Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) of CDS.
+The project is sponsored by HL7.
+
+
+== References ==