kb/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANUGA_Hydro-2.md

title	chunk	source	category	tags	date_saved	instance
ANUGA Hydro	3/3	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANUGA_Hydro	reference	science, encyclopedia	2026-05-05T10:10:23.608024+00:00	kb-cron

The mathematical model is the 2D shallow water wave equation. As such it cannot resolve vertical convection and consequently not breaking waves or 3D turbulence (e.g. vorticity). All spatial coordinates are assumed to be UTM (meters). As such, ANUGA is unsuitable for modelling flows in areas larger than one and half UTM zones (9 degrees wide). Fluid is assumed to be inviscid – although kinematic viscosity can be used modelled using a kinematic viscosity operator. The finite volume is a very robust and flexible numerical technique, especially when implemented on an unstructured triangular mesh, but it is not the fastest method around, and over sufficiently simple geometries alternative algorithms may be able to solve the problem faster than ANUGA. Frictional resistance is implemented using Manning's formula.

== Users == Geoscience Australia Australian National University Fire and Emergency Services of Western Australia Franzius-Institut, Leibniz University Hannover Australia-Indonesia Facility for Disaster Reduction Wollongong City Council Balance Research & Development Institute Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta, Indonesia DMInnovation PT Inteligensi Risiko, Jakarta PT Reasuransi MAIPARK Indonesia, Jakarta Hydrata NASA JPL

== Use history == ANUGA was trialed as a conventional hydrodynamic 2D flood model on both a complex urban system and a simpler rural system. The urban model included a dam break scenario with flood water passing through a residential area. The model was found to have:

"The ability to construct a model with elements varying in size to suit the features being modelled permitted flow behaviour to be simulated realistically and at a level of local detail that structured grid models cannot practically reproduce" ANUGA has been used to assess the likely difference in tsunami amplification and dissipation between different characteristic coastal embayments, coastal entrances and estuaries The results showed that: "for large embayments, the wave run-up can be amplified by a factor six in comparison to the amplitude at the model boundary. For small embayments, the amplification is dependent on the location of the ocean water line, or tidal stage" In 2005, ANUGA was used to demonstrate the capability to simulate inundation of an urban coastal city as part of the Catastrophic Disasters Working Group activity in 2005 by the Attorney Generals Department and Geoscience Australia for the then Australian Emergency Management Committee. In 2007 after the addition of the initial Rainfall forcing function by Ole Nielsen and Rudy VanDrie it was used to model the Macquarie Rivulet Catchment and then the Entire Lake Illawarra Catchment. From that time on it has been used to model thousands of catchments in Australia, Germany, Mozambique, Indonesia, Brazil, Mauritius, Reunion Island and many other localities. In 2013, researchers used ANUGA to replicate work done by Dr. Brett Sanders to model the 1928 St Francis Dam Break. ANUGA was not only able to replicate the arrival times of the flood wave, but also appeared to more realistically capture the extreme sloshing behaviour immediately down stream of the dam in the tortuous valley. https://www.mssanz.org.au/modsim2013/A4/mungkasi.pdf From 2013 to 2016 an Australian National Disaster Resilience Program (NDRP) project resulted in a "Flood Modelling Framework for the ACT" which modelled the entire 9400km2 in 2D using radar rainfall applied directly to the computational mesh. This project was nominated for an award by the ACT government. The largest known catchment model using direct rainfall in a full 2D model to date is around 85,000km2 being a portion of the Condamine-Balonne River in Australia. In 2015 Researchers in Brazil used ANUGA to model "DESFORESTATION IMPACTS ON THE WATER FLOW PROPAGATION FOR THE LOW AMAZON FLOODPLAIN" in 2015-2016 Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Tatura, Victoria used ANUGA to model Irrigation Bays, concluding that: ".... Physical (hydrological) models and crop growth models are both applied, and can be run in conjunction with each other. As an example, the ANUGA 2Dimensional surface-water flow model has been adapted for testing border-check irrigation bay design. An infiltration algorithm has been included, using the Modified Kostiakov (MK) equation, which calculates infiltration as a function of ponding time. Following the revision, the ANUGA model successfully simulated border-check surface irrigation, and was used in Smarter Irrigation for Profit to help assess drainage options for irrigated dairy pastures" Refer: https://www.crdc.com.au/sites/default/files/Smarter%20Irrigation%20for%20Profit%20Snapshot.pdf In 2017 Researchers at the University of Colorado used ANUGA to model erosion and sediment transport and the effects of vegetation drag, resulting in formulating new operators stating that: "These operators are used to simulate the erosion, transport, and deposition of sediment across the domain, and the effects of vegetation drag on the flow." https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/90cfc292f1cc4b6c96c66265a992b759/

== Awards and exposure == ANUGA has been used to understand tsunami risk to the Western Australia coastline and the results of this work are being utilised by emergency managers and the Department for Planning and Infrastructure in Western Australia. In 2007 this work received the Asia-Pacific Spatial Excellence Award and the Emergency Management Australia Safer Communities Award. In June 2009, ANUGA was featured in a special episode on the Australian TV program The New Inventors: Dealing With Disasters.

== Support and getting involved == ANUGA is an open source project and supported by the organizations that develop and use it. The source code is available at GitHub https://github.com/anuga-community/anuga_core and pull requests can be submitted there. The aim is to build a community of model users and co-developers / contributors to interact with the GitHub repository. There are strict rules regarding the need for Unit testing in order to have code included into the repository. In time it is likely that a developer guideline document may be formulated to aid others from contributing to the code. Questions and interest in contributing can be directed to the mailing list anuga-user@lists.sourceforge.net

=== Training === Neither ANU or GA provide specific training at present. However, there was an initial workshop regarding the use and future of the ANUGA model in 2008 at Geoscience Australia in Canberra. Since then a training course was provided to a group from a large insurance entity by Rudy Van Drie, Rudy also undertook an extensive and detailed training course at the University of Essen in 2011; A detailed presentation and insight into its use in Mozambique in 2013, and a workshop at Udayana University in Bali in 2017.

== License == ANUGA is freely available and distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence.

== References ==

== External links == download location (current) download location (sourceforge archive) anuga – Revision 9737 Crayfish Plugin for QGIS Hypothetical tsunami inundation model Asia-Pacific Spatial Excellence Award Emergency Management Australia Safer Communities Award Emergency Management Australia Safer Communities Award The Australian Journal of Emergency Management, Vol 23 No 4, Nov 2008