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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Timeline of the gunpowder age | 2/3 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_gunpowder_age | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T16:15:20.945893+00:00 | kb-cron |
== 19th century == Major developments: Sir William Congreve, 2nd Baronet develops the Congreve rockets based on Mysorean rockets and British forces successfully deploy them against Copenhagen. Joshua Shaw invents percussion caps which replace the flintlock trigger mechanism. Claude-Étienne Minié invents the Minié ball, making rifles a viable military firearm, ending the era of smoothbore muskets. Subsequently rifles are deployed in the Crimean War with resounding success. Benjamin Tyler Henry invents the Henry rifle, the first reliable repeating rifle. Richard Jordan Gatling invents the Gatling gun, capable of firing 200 cartridges in a minute. Hiram Maxim invents the Maxim gun, the first single-barreled machine gun. Both China and Europe start using cast iron molds for casting cannons. Alfred Nobel invents dynamite, the first stable explosive stronger than gunpowder. Smokeless powder is invented and replaces the traditional "black powder" in Europe by the end of the century.
== 20th century == Major developments: Smokeless powder replaces traditional "black powder" across the globe, ending the gunpowder age.
== See also == Timeline of the gunpowder age in Japan Timeline of the gunpowder age in Korea Timeline of the gunpowder age in South Asia Timeline of the gunpowder age in Southeast Asia
== Citations ==