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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taxonomy | 6/6 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T07:13:29.818243+00:00 | kb-cron |
Idiophones: instruments that rely on the body of the instrument to create and resonate sound. Membranophones: instruments that have a membrane that is stretched over a structure, often wood or metal, and struck or rubbed to produce a sound. The subcategories are largely determined by the shape of the structure that the membrane is stretched over. Chordophone: Instruments that use vibrating strings, which are most commonly stretched across a metal or wooden structure, to create sound. Aerophones Instruments that require air passing through, or across, them to create sound. Most commonly constructed of wood or metal. A fifth top category,
Electrophones: Instruments that require electricity to be amplified and heard. This group was added by Sachs in 1940. Each top category is subdivided and Hornbostel-Sachs is a very comprehensive classification of musical instruments with wide applications. In Wikipedia, for example, all musical instruments are organized according to this classification. In opposition to, for example, the astronomical and biological classifications presented above, the Hornbostel-Sachs classification seems very little influenced by research in musicology and organology. It is based on huge collections of musical instruments, but seems rather as a system imposed upon the universe of instruments than as a system with organic connections to scholarly theory. It may therefore be interpreted as a system based on logical division and rationalist philosophy.
=== Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) === Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a classification of mental disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).The first edition of the DSM was published in 1952, and the newest, fifth edition was published in 2013. In contrast to, for example, the periodic table and the Hornbostel-Sachs classification, its principles for classification have changed much during its history. The first edition was influenced by psychodynamic theory. The DSM-III, published in 1980, adopted an atheoretical, “descriptive” approach to classification The system is very important for all people involved in psychiatry, whether as patients, researchers or therapists (in addition to insurance companies), but it is also strongly criticized and does not have the same scientific status as many other classifications.
== Sample list of taxonomies ==
=== Business, organizations, and economics === Classification of customers, for marketing (as in Master data management) or for profitability (e.g. by Activity-based costing) Classified information, as in legal or government documentation Job classification, as in job analysis Standard Industrial Classification, economic activities
=== Mathematics === Attribute-value system, a basic knowledge representation framework Classification theorems in mathematics Mathematical classification, grouping mathematical objects based on a property that all those objects share Statistical classification, identifying to which of a set of categories a new observation belongs, on the basis of a training set of data
=== Media === Classification (literature), a figure of speech linking a proper noun to a common noun using the or other articles Decimal classification, decimal classification systems Document classification, a problem in library science, information science and computer science Classified information, sensitive information to which access is restricted by law or regulation to particular classes of people Library classification, a system of coding, assorting and organizing library materials according to their subject Image classification in computer vision Motion picture rating system, for film classification
=== Science === Scientific classification (disambiguation) Biological classification of organisms Chemical classification Medical classification, the process of transforming descriptions of medical diagnoses and procedures into universal medical code numbers Stellar classification in astronomy Taxonomic classification, also known as classification of species Cladistics, an approach using similarities
=== Other === An industrial process such as mechanical screening for sorting materials by size, shape, density, etc. Civil service classification, personnel grades in government Classification of swords Classification of wine Locomotive classification Product classification Security classification, information to which access is restricted by law or regulation Ship classification society, a non-governmental organization that establishes and maintains technical standards for the construction and operation of ships and offshore structures
== Organizations involved in taxonomy == International Society for Knowledge Organization Classification Society. Holotypic Occlupanid Research Group
== See also == All pages with titles containing Taxonomy The dictionary definition of taxonomy at Wiktionary The dictionary definition of classification scheme at Wiktionary Categorization, the process of dividing things into groups Classification (general theory) Celestial Emporium of Benevolent Recognition, a fictional Chinese encyclopedia with an "impossible" taxonomic scheme Conflation Faceted classification Folksonomy Gellish English dictionary, a taxonomy in which the concepts are arranged as a subtype–supertype hierarchy Hypernym Knowledge representation Lexicon Ontology (information science), formal representation of knowledge as a set of concepts within a domain Philosophical language Protégé (software) Semantic network Semantic similarity network Structuralism Systematics Taxon, a population of organisms that a taxonomist adjudges to be a unit Taxonomy for search engines Thesaurus (information retrieval)
== Notes ==
== References == Atran, S. (1993) Cognitive Foundations of Natural History: Towards an Anthropology of Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43871-1 Carbonell, J. G. and J. Siekmann, eds. (2005). Computational Logic in Multi-Agent Systems, Vol. 3487. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.ISBN 978-3-540-28060-6 Malone, Joseph L. (1988). The Science of Linguistics in the Art of Translation: Some Tools from Linguistics for the Analysis and Practice of Translation. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-887-06653-5; OCLC 15856738 *Marcello Sorce Keller, "The Problem of Classification in Folksong Research: a Short History", Folklore, XCV(1984), no. 1, 100–104. Chester D Rowe and Stephen M Davis, 'The Excellence Engine Tool Kit'; ISBN 978-0-615-24850-9 Härlin, M.; Sundberg, P. (1998). "Taxonomy and Philosophy of Names". Biology and Philosophy. 13 (2): 233–244. doi:10.1023/a:1006583910214. S2CID 82878147. Lamberts, K.; Shanks, D.R. (1997). Knowledge, Concepts, and Categories. Psychology Press. ISBN 9780863774911.
== External links == Media related to Taxonomy at Wikimedia Commons The dictionary definition of taxonomy at Wiktionary Taxonomy 101: The Basics and Getting Started with Taxonomies Parrochia, Daniel 2016. "Classification". In The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy eds. James Fieser and Bradley Dowden.