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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SNOMED CT | 5/6 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNOMED_CT | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T07:13:59.990399+00:00 | kb-cron |
==== SNOMED CT and MedDRA ==== There is overlap between MedDRA and SNOMED CT that is not beneficial for pharmaceutical industry. In 2021, two maps map between SNOMED CT and MedDRA were jointly published by both organizations (from SNOMED CT to MedDRA and from MedDRA to SNOMED CT).
== Use == SNOMED CT is used in several different ways, some of which are:
It captures clinical information at the level of detail needed for the provision of healthcare Through sharing data, it can reduce the need to repeat health history at each new encounter with a healthcare professional Information can be recorded by different people in different locations and combined into simple information views within the patient record Use of a common terminology decreases the potential for differing interpretation of information Structured Data Capture medical forms and questionnaires based on the FHIR standard Electronic recording in a common way reduces errors and can help to ensure completeness in recording all relevant data Standardised information makes analysis easier, supporting quality, cost effective practice, research and future clinical guideline development A clinical terminology allows a health care provider to identify patients based on specified coded information, and more effectively manage screening, treatment and follow up
=== Use cases === More specifically, the following sample computer applications use SNOMED CT:
Electronic Health Record Systems Computerized Provider Order Entry CPOE such as E-Prescribing or Laboratory Order Entry Catalogues of clinical services; e.g., for Diagnostic Imaging procedures Knowledge databases used in clinical decision support systems (CDSS) Remote Intensive Care Unit Monitoring Laboratory Reporting Emergency Room Charting Cancer Reporting Genetic Databases
=== Access === SNOMED CT is maintained and distributed by SNOMED International, an international non-profit standards development organization, located in London, UK. The use of SNOMED CT in production systems requires a license. There are two types of license:
Country/territory membership in SNOMED International (charged according to gross national product). Affiliate license (dependent on the number of end users). LDCs (least developed countries) can use SNOMED CT without charges. For scientific research in medical informatics, for demonstrations or evaluation purposes SNOMED CT sources can be freely downloaded and used. The original SNOMED CT sources in tabular form are accessible by registered users of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) who have signed an agreement. Numerous online and offline browsers are available. Those wishing to obtain a license for its use and to download SNOMED CT should contact their National Release Centre, links to which are provided on the IHTSDO website.
==== License free subsets ==== To facilitate adoption of SNOMED CT and use of SNOMED CT in other standards, there are license free subsets. For example, a set of 7 314 codes and descriptions is free for use by users of DICOM-compliant software (without restriction to IHTSDO member countries).
==== Global Patient Set (GPS) subset ==== GPS was released in Sep 2019 and contains 21 782 concepts.
== Top level concepts == SNOMED CT concepts typically belong to a single hierarchy (with the exception of drug-device combined concepts). Some hierarchies, have a concept model defined (e.g., clinical findings). For other domains (e.g., Organism, Substance, Qualifier value), there is no concept model yet defined.
=== Procedure ===
Concept in this hierarchy represent procedures performed on a patient. There is a well-established defined concept model for procedures. Procedure site (direct or indirect) specifies on what part of body the procedure is performed. A separate set of rules exist for evaluation procedures. Evaluation procedures are procedures where evidence is evaluated to support the determination of a value, inference or conclusion. Evaluation procedures have additional attributes, such as 'Has specimen','Property' or 'Measurement method'.
=== Event === As of 2016, the Event hierarchy does not have a concept model defined. In 2006, some concepts from the 'Clinical Finding' hierarchy were moved to the Event hierarchy. Those concepts retained some of their attributes. (e.g., causative agent)
=== Observable entities === SNOMED International is working on creating a concept model for observable entities.
=== Body Structure === Body parts represent one of the largest hierarchies within SNOMED CT. The modeling is based on Foundational Model of Anatomy but it differs from the model in some aspects (e.g., region is taken as 3D region and not a 2D region). Important attributes include: 'Laterality', several types of 'Part of' relationships, and 'Is a'.
=== Pharmaceutical / biologic product ===
Pharmaceutical and biologic products are modeled using constructs of active ingredient, presentation strength, and basis of strength. Since 2018, harmonization of SNOMED CT drug content with IDMP standard is an editorial goal. The following types of entities are present:
==== Medicinal product ==== A higher level term grouping drugs. For example, 398731002 | Product containing sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (medicinal product) |
==== Clinical Drug ==== Concept that represents a concrete drug product as used in clinical practice. For example, 317335000 | Product containing precisely esomeprazole 20milligram/1 each conventional release oral tablet (clinical drug)|
==== Dose Form ==== Concept representing how the product is delivered. For example, 385219001 | Conventional release solution for injection (dose form) |.