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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copernican Revolution | 4/5 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernican_Revolution | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T12:41:57.697069+00:00 | kb-cron |
== Metaphorical usage == Immanuel Kant in his Critique of Pure Reason (1787 edition) drew a parallel between the Copernican hypothesis and the epistemology of his new transcendental philosophy. Kant's comparison is made in the Preface to the second edition of the Critique of Pure Reason (published in 1787; a heavy revision of the first edition of 1781). Kant argues that, just as Copernicus moved from the supposition of heavenly bodies revolving around a stationary spectator to a moving spectator, so metaphysics, "proceeding precisely on the lines of Copernicus' primary hypothesis", should move from assuming that "knowledge must conform to objects" to the supposition that "objects must conform to our [a priori] knowledge". Scholars have argued that Kant's analogy is flawed, however, because it essentially reverses Copernicus' logic. Tom Rockmore also notes Kant himself never used the specific phrase. Following Kant, the phrase "Copernican Revolution" in the 20th century came to be used as a metaphor for intellectual upheaval.
== See also == Science in the Renaissance
== Notes ==
== Citations ==
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The Birth of New Physics. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-01994-0. Dekker, Elly (2005). "The Collection of Orbs, Spheres and Globes in Florence". Globe Studies (51/52): 85–102. ISSN 1684-7091. JSTOR 23993598. Drake, Stillman (1978). Galileo At Work. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-16226-5. Drake, Stillman (1990). Galileo: Pioneer Scientist. Toronto: The University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-2725-3. Dreyer, J.L.E. (1953). A History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler. Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-60079-6. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Engel, M. (1963). "Kant's Copernican Analogy: A Re-examination". Kant-Studien. 54: 243. Finocchiaro, Maurice A. (1989). The Galileo Affair: A Documentary History. ISBN 0-520-06662-6. Finocchiaro, Maurice A. (2009). Defending Copernicus and Galileo: Critical Reasoning in the Two Affairs. ISBN 978-90-481-3200-3. Galilei, Galileo (1989). Sidereus Nuncius. Albert Van Helden (trans.). 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(2014) [1993]. Encyclopedia of Cosmology (Routledge Revivals): Historical, Philosophical, and Scientific Foundations of Modern Cosmology. Routledge. ISBN 978-1317677666. Retrieved 29 April 2026. Highmore, Ben (2006). Michel de Certeau: Analysing Culture. ISBN 978-0-8264-6080-6. John Paul II (1998). "Fides et Ratio: On the Relationship between Faith and Reason". Kant, Immanuel (1787). Critique of Pure Reason. ISBN 978-1-4039-1194-0. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Kobe, Donald H. (March 1998). "Copernicus and Martin Luther: An Encounter Between Science and Religion". American Journal of Physics. 66 (3): 190–196. doi:10.1119/1.18844. Koestler, Arthur (1959). The Sleepwalkers. The Macmillan Company. ISBN 978-0-14-139453-4. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Koyré, Alexandre (1957). From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe. ISBN 978-0-8018-0347-5. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Koyré, Alexandre (1973). The Astronomical Revolution: Copernicus – Kepler – Borelli. ISBN 978-0-8014-0504-4. Kuhn, Thomas S. (1957). The Copernican Revolution: Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western Thought. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-17103-9. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Kuhn, Thomas S. (1996). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (3rd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-45808-3. Kuhn, Thomas S. (2000). Conant, James F.; Haugeland, John (eds.). The Road Since Structure: Philosophical Essays, 1970–1993. ISBN 978-0-226-45798-7. McMullin, E. (2005). The Church's Ban on Copernicanism, 1616. ISBN 978-0-268-03483-2. Melanchthon, Philipp (1549). Initia doctrinae physicae. Neugebauer, Otto (1968). Beer, Arthur (ed.). "On the Planetary Theory of Copernicus". Vistas in Astronomy. 10. Pergamon Press: 103. Osler, Margaret (2010). Reconfiguring the World. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 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Thoren, Victor E. (1989). "Tycho Brahe". In Taton, R.; Wilson, C. (eds.). Planetary Astronomy from the Renaissance to the Rise of Astrophysics, Part A: Tycho Brahe to Newton. The General History of Astronomy. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–21. ISBN 978-0-521-24254-7. Wootton, David (2015). The Invention of Science: A New History of the Scientific Revolution. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-06-175952-9.