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List of lemmas 1/1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lemmas reference science, encyclopedia 2026-05-05T08:15:23.303385+00:00 kb-cron

This following is a list of lemmas (or, "lemmata", i.e. minor theorems, or sometimes intermediate technical results factored out of proofs). See also list of axioms, list of theorems and list of conjectures.

== Algebra ==

Abhyankar's lemma AubinLions lemma Bergman's diamond lemma Fitting lemma Injective test lemma Hua's lemma (exponential sums) Krull's separation lemma Schanuel's lemma (projective modules) SchwartzZippel lemma Shapiro's lemma StewartWalker lemma (tensors) Whitehead's lemma (Lie algebras) Zariski's lemma

=== Algebraic geometry === Abhyankar's lemma Fundamental lemma (Langlands program)

=== Category theory ===

Five lemma Horseshoe lemma Nine lemma Short five lemma Snake lemma Splitting lemma Yoneda lemma

=== Linear algebra === Matrix determinant lemma Matrix inversion lemma

=== Group theory === Burnside's lemma also known as the CauchyFrobenius lemma Frattini's lemma (finite groups) Goursat's lemma Mautner's lemma (representation theory) Ping-pong lemma (geometric group theory) Schreier's subgroup lemma Schur's lemma (representation theory) Zassenhaus lemma

=== Polynomials === Gauss's lemma (polynomials) SchwartzZippel lemma

=== Ring theory and commutative algebra === ArtinRees lemma Hensel's lemma (commutative rings) Nakayama lemma Noether's normalization lemma Prime avoidance lemma

=== Universal algebra === Jónsson's lemma

== Analysis ==

Fekete's lemma Fundamental lemma of the calculus of variations Hopf lemma Sard's lemma (singularity theory) Stechkin's lemma (functional and numerical analysis) Vitali covering lemma (real analysis) Watson's lemma

=== Complex analysis === Estimation lemma (contour integrals) Hartogs's lemma (several complex variables) Jordan's lemma Lemma on the Logarithmic derivative Schwarz lemma

=== Fourier analysis === RiemannLebesgue lemma

=== Differential equations === Borel's lemma (partial differential equations) Grönwall's lemma LaxMilgram lemma Pugh's closing lemma Weyl's lemma (Laplace equation) (partial differential equations)

=== Differential forms === Poincaré lemma of closed and exact differential forms

=== Functional analysis === CotlarStein lemma Ehrling's lemma Riesz's lemma

=== Mathematical series === Abel's lemma Kronecker's lemma

=== Numerical analysis === BrambleHilbert lemma Céa's lemma

== Applied mathematics ==

DanielsonLanczos lemma (Fourier transforms) Farkas's lemma (linear programming) FeldTai lemma (electromagnetism) Little's lemma (queuing theory) Finsler's lemma

=== Control theory === Finsler's lemma Hautus lemma KalmanYakubovichPopov lemma

=== Computational complexity theory === Isolation lemma Switching lemma

==== Cryptography ==== Forking lemma Leftover hash lemma Piling-up lemma (linear cryptanalysis) Yao's XOR lemma

==== Formal languages ==== Interchange lemma Newman's lemma (term rewriting) Ogden's lemma Pumping lemma sometimes called the Bar-Hillel lemma

=== Microeconomics === Hotelling's lemma Shephard's lemma

== Combinatorics == Cousin's lemma (integrals) Dickson's lemma LittlewoodOfford lemma PólyaBurnside lemma Sperner's lemma Ky Fan lemma (combinatorial geometry)

=== Graph theory ===

Berge's lemma Counting lemma Crossing lemma Expander mixing lemma Handshaking lemma Kelly's lemma Kőnig's lemma Szemerédi regularity lemma

=== Order theory === Higman's lemma Ultrafilter lemma

== Dynamical systems == Barbalat's lemma Kac's lemma (ergodic theory)

== Geometry == Shadowing lemma Big-little-big lemma (mathematics of paper folding) Gordan's lemma Hilbert's lemma

=== Euclidean geometry === Archimedes's lemmas JohnsonLindenstrauss lemma (Euclidean geometry)

=== Hyperbolic geometry === Margulis lemma

=== Metric spaces === Lebesgue's number lemma (dimension theory)

=== Riemannian geometry === Gauss's lemma (Riemannian geometry)

== Mathematical logic == Craig interpolation lemma Diagonal lemma Lindenbaum's lemma Mostowski collapse lemma TeichmüllerTukey lemma also known as Tukey's lemma Zorn's lemma; equivalent to the axiom of choice

=== Set theory ===

Covering lemma Delta lemma Dynkin lemma Fodor's lemma Fixed-point lemma for normal functions (axiomatic set theory) Moschovakis coding lemma RasiowaSikorski lemma

== Number theory ==

Bézout's lemma Dwork's lemma Euclid's lemma Gauss's lemma Hensel's lemma Zolotarev's lemma Siegel's lemma (Diophantine approximation)

=== Analytic number theory === Hua's lemma Vaughan's lemma

=== Diophantine equations === Bhaskara's lemma

=== Sieve theory === Fundamental lemma of sieve theory

== Probability theory == BorelCantelli lemma DoobDynkin lemma Itô's lemma (stochastic calculus) Lovász local lemma Stein's lemma Wald's lemma

=== Statistics === GlivenkoCantelli lemma NeymanPearson lemma Robbins lemma

=== Measure theory === Factorization lemma Fatou's lemma Frostman's lemma (geometric measure theory) Malliavin's absolute continuity lemma

== Topology == Lindelöf's lemma Urysohn's lemma Tube lemma

=== Differential topology === Morse lemma

=== Fixed-point theory ===

KnasterKuratowskiMazurkiewicz lemma

=== Geometric topology === Dehn's lemma

=== Topological groups and semigroups === EllisNumakura lemma (topological semigroups)