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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| List of cosmologists | 3/3 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cosmologists | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T07:53:23.074336+00:00 | kb-cron |
== S == Rainer K. Sachs (1932–2024) discovered gravitationally induced redshifts in the cosmic background radiation Carl Sagan (1934–1996) American astrophysicist, cosmologist and author Andrei Sakharov (1921–1989) invented the theory of twins, CPT-symmetric universes Allan Sandage (1936–2010) set the cosmological distance scale and accurately estimated the speed of expansion of the universe Brian P. Schmidt (1967–) used supernova data to measure the acceleration in the expansion of the universe David N. Schramm (1945–1997) was an expert on big bang theory and an early proponent of dark matter Dennis W. Sciama (1926–1999) studied many aspects of cosmology and supervised many other leading cosmologists Irving Segal (1918–1998) created chronometric cosmology with alternative explanation of redshift in spectra of distant sources Seleucus of Seleucia (c.190–c.150 BC) used tidal observations to support a heliocentric model Roman Ulrich Sexl (1939–1986) developed an ether-based theory of absolute simultaneity that is mathematically equivalent to special relativity Al-Sijzi (c. 945–1020) invented an astrolabe based on the Earth's rotation Joseph Silk (1942–) explained the homogeneity of the early universe using photon diffusion damping Willem de Sitter (1872–1934) developed a theory of dark matter with Einstein, found an expanding matterless solution to general relativity Vesto Slipher (1875–1969) performed the first measurements of radial velocities for galaxies, providing the empirical basis for the expansion of the universe Lee Smolin (1955–) studied quantum gravity, popularized a theory of cosmological natural selection George F. Smoot (1945–2025) used Cosmic Background Explorer satellite to measure the temperature and anisotropy of the early universe David N. Spergel (1961–) used Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe satellite to measure the temperature and anisotropy of the early universe Paul Steinhardt (1952–) pioneered inflationary cosmology, introduced first example of eternal inflation, introduced quintessential dark energy, introduced the concept of strongly self-interacting dark matter, studied brane cosmology and cyclic models of the universe Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (903–986) wrote the Book of Fixed Stars, which lists over forty constellations and the stars within them Nicholas B. Suntzeff (1952–) used supernova observations to discover acceleration in the expansion of the universe, calibrated the supernova distance scale Rashid Sunyaev (1943–) developed a theory of density fluctuations in the early universe, described how to use cosmic background distortion to observe large-scale density fluctuations Alex Szalay (1949–) was working on structure formation in a neutrino-dominated universe, biased galaxy formation in a cold dark matter dominated universe and computing the power spectrum in hot, cold and warm dark matter dominated universes
== T == Max Tegmark (1967–) determined the parameters of the lambda-cold dark matter model using Sloan Survey data, studied mathematical models of multiverses Trinh Xuan Thuan (1948–) researched galaxy formation and evolution William G. Tifft theorized that galactic redshifts are quantized Beatrice Tinsley (1941–1981) researched galactic evolution, the creation of lightweight elements, and accelerated expansion of the universe Frank J. Tipler (1947–) proved that time travel requires singularities, promoted the anthropic principle Richard C. Tolman (1881–1948) showed that the cosmic background keeps a black-body profile as the universe expands Mark Trodden (1968–) studied cosmological implications of topological defects in field theories Michael S. Turner (1949–) coined the term dark energy Neil Turok (1958–) predicted correlations between polarization and temperature anisotropy in the cosmic background, explained the big bang as a brane collision Henry Tye (1947–) proposed brane-antibrane interactions as a cause of cosmic inflation
== V == Alexander Vilenkin (1949–) showed that eternal inflation is generic, studied cosmic strings, theorized the creation of the universe from quantum fluctuations
== W == Robert M. Wald (1947–) wrote a popular textbook on general relativity, studied the thermodynamics of black holes and created an axiomatic formulation of quantum field theory in curved spacetime Arthur Geoffrey Walker (1909–2001) developed the standard model of general relativity and studied the mathematics of relativistic reference frames David Wands studied inflation, superstrings, and density perturbations in the early universe Yun Wang (1964–) uses supernova and galactic redshift data to probe dark energy Jeffrey Weeks (1956–) used cosmic background patterns to determine the topology of the universe Simon D. White (1951–) studied galaxy formation in the lambda-cold dark matter model David Todd Wilkinson (1935–2002) used satellite probes to measure the cosmic background radiation Edward L. Wright (1947–) promoted big bang theories, studied the effect of dust absorption on measurements of the cosmic background radiation
== Z == Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich (1914–1987) used accretion disks of massive black holes to explain quasars, predicted Compton scattering of the cosmic background radiation Fritz Zwicky (1898–1974) along with Walter Baade (1893–1960) coined the term "supernova", contributions in understanding neutron stars, supernovae as standard candles, gravitational lensing, and dark matter.
== See also == Timeline of cosmological theories