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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bottom-up and top-down approaches | 5/5 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom-up_and_top-down_approaches | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T14:22:33.903551+00:00 | kb-cron |
== Philosophy and ethics == Top-down reasoning in ethics is when the reasoner starts from abstract universalizable principles and then reasons down them to particular situations. Bottom-up reasoning occurs when the reasoner starts from intuitive particular situational judgements and then reasons up to principles. Reflective equilibrium occurs when there is interaction between top-down and bottom-up reasoning until both are in harmony. That is to say, when universalizable abstract principles are reflectively found to be in equilibrium with particular intuitive judgements. The process occurs when cognitive dissonance occurs when reasoners try to resolve top-down with bottom-up reasoning, and adjust one or the other, until they are satisfied, they have found the best combinations of principles and situational judgements.
== See also == Formal concept analysis Perl Design Patterns Book Pseudocode The Cathedral and the Bazaar
== References ==
=== Sources ===
== Further reading ==
== External links == "Program Development by Stepwise Refinement", Communications of the ACM, Vol. 14, No. 4, April (1971) Integrated Parallel Bottom-up and Top-down Approach. In Proceedings of the International Emergency Management Society's Fifth Annual Conference (TIEMS 98), May 19–22, Washington DC, USA (1998). Changing Your Mind: On the Contributions of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Guidance in Visual Search for Feature Singletons, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, Vol. 29, No. 2, 483–502, 2003. K. Eric Drexler and Christine Peterson, Nanotechnology and Enabling Technologies, Foresight Briefing No. 2, 1989. Empowering sustained patient safety: the benefits of combining top-down and bottom-up approaches