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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biosocial criminology | 3/3 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosocial_criminology | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T15:21:41.073264+00:00 | kb-cron |
==== Criminal justice ==== Punishment of exploitative behaviors harmful to the group was likely a recurring problem in the ancestral environment. As such humans are argued to have developed a range of psychological mechanisms for handling this. Punishment can be a deterrent to undesired behaviors but excessive punishment can also be harmful to the group. Thus, humans are argued to favor a proportional response based on how severe the offence is. Cross-cultural research have a found a high agreement regarding how relatively harmful different crimes are perceived to be. On the other hand, evolutionary novel factors that may be rational to consider from a deterrent perspective, such as how difficult it is for the modern police to detect the crime, do not seem to affect people's perceptions of appropriate punishments. Once a crime's severity has been judged, there is a choice regarding how to respond. In some cases in the ancestral environment there may have been benefits from future interactions with the offender which some forms of punishment may have prevented as compared to responses such as reparations or rehabilitation. Research suggests that individuals may modify what they think are appropriate forms of response to offenders based on factors that once in the past small-group environment may have indicated that they could personally benefit from continued interactions with the offender such as kinship, in-group or out-group membership, possession of resources, sexual attractiveness, expressed remorse, intentionality, and prior history of cooperation and exploitation.
== See also ==
Anthropological criminology Behavioral genetics Biosocial theory Evolutionary psychology Scientific racism Sociobiology Statistical correlations of criminal behavior
== References ==
== Further reading == Walsh, A., & Beaver, K.M. (2008). Biosocial criminology: new directions in theory and research. New York City: Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-415-98944-2. Anthony Walsh, Lee Ellis, Biosocial criminology: challenging environmentalism's supremacy, Nova Science Publishers, 2003, ISBN 1-59033-774-3 Matt DeLisi, Michael G Vaughn, The Routledge International Handbook of Biosocial Criminology, Routledge, 2015, ISBN 9781317936749 Kevin Beaver. Biosocial Criminology: A Primer Ken Hunt Publishing Company. 2009. The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture [Paperback]. Jerome H. Barkow (Editor), Leda Cosmides (Editor), John Tooby (Editor) Homicide (Foundations of Human Behavior) [Paperback], Margo Wilson (Author), Martin Daly (Author) How the Mind Works [Paperback], Steven Pinker (Author) Demonic Males by Richard Wrangham and Dale Peterson Human Morality and Sociality: Evolutionary and Comparative Perspectives by Henrik Hogh-Olesen, Christophe Boesch, Leda Cosmides and Azar Gat (Jan 19, 2010) Sex, Evolution and Behavior by Martin Daly and Margo Wilson Evolutionary Psychology: The New Science of the Mind (4th Edition) by David M. Buss (Feb 28, 2011)