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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Architectural drawing | 6/7 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_drawing | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T13:59:18.327822+00:00 | kb-cron |
==== Building information modeling ==== Building information modeling (BIM) is the logical development of CAD drawing, a relatively new technology but fast becoming mainstream. The design team collaborates to create a three-dimensional computer model, and all plans and other two-dimensional views are generated directly from the model, ensuring spatial consistency. The key innovation here is to share the model via the internet, so that all the design functions (site survey, architecture, structure and services) can be integrated into a single model, or as a series of models associated with each specialism that are shared throughout the design development process. Some form of management, not necessarily by the architect, needs to be in place to resolve conflicting priorities. The starting point of BIM is spatial design, but it also enables components to be quantified and scheduled directly from the information embedded in the model.. Building information modelling can be characterized into 3 different levels ranging from 0–3. These levels represent BIM maturity and distinguishes the amount of cooperation in projects. They gauge information being shared throughout the whole process. Level 0 is individualized with no collaboration. Individuals are working on their own CAD files separately and working using their own standards. These are known to be more traditional ways which are being phased out therefore no longer being used today. Level 1 is a mixture of 3D and 2D work. Project teams are required to manage and share data amongst the team. Aspects such as "naming conventions" should be adopted. Level 2 involves all team members using 3D models. Although they might not being using the same information, the built environment is shared through a similar file formats. This level also introduces construction sequencing and cost. Level 3 involves working on a shared project model. The model exists in a central environment and can be modified by everyone. Conflicting information is reduced due to real time update on models. Later levels include sequencing components, cost estimation and accounting for upfront costs.
==== Parametric design ==== Parametric design is an example of computer intelligence rising in the field of architecture. It is the creation of complex relationships between models. Measurements in parametric design connect by scripts. Users can adjust and adapt their models based on measurements. Changing one measurement will affect other measurements based on the set parameters. The parametric design uses scalability and adjustments which involve complex organic shapes. It allows for the creation of forms that would not be possible with regular 3d modeling or would take copious amounts of time. Models can decrease production time, therefore, allowing for the time allotted to other times of the design process. An argument with parametric design is the question of practicality. At times, it is unsure whether or not these styles properly comply with users wants and needs. Real-life examples of parametric designs would be The Metropol Parasol in Seville or the Canton in Guangzhou China. These forms have a commonality with complex repetitive patterns which twist, bend and curve in dramatic ways. These lattices are unique and there is a complexity tied with how they look. This is coined as "parametricism" by Zaha Hadid which is a style based on digital animation techniques.
==== Architectural animation ====
An architectural animation is a short film showing how a proposed building will look: the moving image makes three-dimensional forms much easier to understand. An animation is generated from a series of hundreds or even thousands of still images, each made in the same way as an architectural visualization. A computer-generated building is created using a CAD programs, and that is used to create more or less realistic views from a sequence of viewpoints. The simplest animations use a moving viewpoint, while more complex animations can include moving objects: people, vehicles, and so on.
== Digital era == Although pure drafting, which involves manually drawing plans for construction, is not being used as often because of computer-aided design, architects are being trained to exercise human-centered designers and to dive deeper into culture to ultimately understand clientele. Human-centered design involves the human perspective in all steps of the design process. The unpredictability and complexity of humans is unmatched with any pre-programmed systems.
=== Virtual reality === Virtual reality in architectural projects helps designers understand spaces from a cognitive perspective. The use of motion tracking allows for quick manipulation and creates an individual, secluded experience. Architecture firms are using VR as a tool to allow employees to learn and create a more engaging experience for clients and employees. Benefits of VR for architecture include low start-up costs, gaining a competitive edge, avoiding revision, and the duplication of real-world scenarios. By placing a client into a virtual world, the feedback is often more straightforward, as the client can walk through the environment according to their needs and aesthetic choices.
=== Online practices === Due to COVID-19. architecture firms have increasingly shifted to a digital environment for collaboration. Video conferencing via programs like Zoom is proving to be a popular way of meeting with clients and simulating the studio environment. Since the beginning of the epidemic, people are expected to be increasingly well versed with technology. Although coordination is often difficult, programs like BIM help improve workflow between architects and clients. However, relationships with clients are harder to facilitate because clients are not able to touch or feel the work.
== Architectural reprographics ==