6.0 KiB
| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abnormal psychology | 6/6 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abnormal_psychology | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T15:09:52.382394+00:00 | kb-cron |
=== Cognitive behavioural therapy (Ellis and Beck) === Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) aims to influence thought and cognition (Beck, 1977). This form of therapy relies on not only the components of behavioral therapy as mentioned before, but also the elements of cognitive psychology. This relies on not only the clients behavioral problems that could have arisen from conditioning, but also their negative schemas and distorted perceptions of the world around them. These negative schemas may cause distress in the patient's life; for example, they may lead to unrealistic expectations about how well they should perform at work or how they should look. When these expectations are not met, it will often result in maladaptive behaviors, such as depression, obsessive compulsions, and anxiety. With CBT, the goal is to change the schemas causing stress in the patient's life and replace them with more realistic ones. Once the negative schemas have been replaced, this will hopefully lead to remission of the patient's symptoms. CBT is considered particularly effective in the treatment of depression and has even been used in recent years in group settings. It is felt that using CBT in a group setting aids in giving its members a sense of support and decreasing the likelihood of them dropping out of therapy before the treatment has had time to work properly. CBT is an effective treatment for many patients, even those who do not have diseases and disorders typically thought of as psychiatric ones. For example, patients with the disease multiple sclerosis have found a lot of help using CBT. The treatment often helps the patients cope with the disorder they have and how they can adapt to their new lives without developing new problems, such as depression or negative schemas about themselves. According to RAND, therapies are difficult to provide to all patients in need. A lack of funding and understanding of symptoms provides a major roadblock that is not easily avoided. Individual symptoms and responses to treatment vary, creating a disconnect among patients, society, and caregivers/professionals.
=== Play therapy (Humanistic) === Children are often sent to therapy due to outbursts that they have in a school or home setting; the theory is that by treating the child in a setting that is similar to the area where they are having their disruptive behavior, the child will be more likely to learn from the therapy and have an effective outcome. In play therapy, the clinicians will "play" with their client, usually with toys or a tea party. Playing is typical child behavior; therefore, playing with the therapist will come naturally to the child. While playing together, the clinician will ask the patient questions, and in this setting, they seem less intrusive, more therapeutic, and more like a normal conversation. This should help the patient identify their issues and disclose them to the therapist with less difficulty than they may experience in a traditional counseling setting. Play therapy involves a therapist observing a child as the child plays with toys and interacts with their surrounding environment. The therapist plays both an observational and an interactional role in the intervention. This process allows the child to enact their problems through play and speak more comfortably with the therapist. Although somewhat controversial, due to data that suggests a lack of effectiveness in children older than 10 years old, play therapy is a valuable treatment. This therapy is particularly useful for younger children under 10 who are consciously aware of their environment. Play therapy is important, given that many therapeutic interventions effective for adults are less effective for children.
=== Family systems therapies === Family systems therapies are based on the belief that children's problems stem from issues within the family. Family systems therapy aims to improve relationships among multiple people within specific families through therapeutic intervention. For the best effect, it is recommended that the entire family be included in the therapy. The treatments include family management skill development and child–parent attachment development. These interventions help to improve family functioning.
=== Family management skill development (Family systems therapy) === Family therapists can teach family management skills, including improving supervision and disciplinary practices and creating environments that foster positive interactions between parents and children.
=== Child–parent attachment development (Family systems therapy) === Child–parent attachment development involves altering or creating relationships between parents and children, in attempts to create secure bases for the child, and to facilitate trust, independence, and positive perceptions of family relationships. We see these situations a lot more than we think, which makes some spectrums of abnormal psychology more normal and more common. These goals are often achieved by creating understanding regarding behaviors, creating opportunities for attachment, and increasing the family's ability to think about their history and relationships.
=== Stigmatization and negative connotations === One of the primary criticisms of the term "Abnormal Psychology" is its contribution to the stigmatization of individuals with mental health conditions. The label "abnormal" implies a deviation from a societal norm, which can reinforce negative stereotypes and social exclusion. Critics argue that such language can lead to individuals feeling marginalized, perpetuating a sense of "otherness" and reinforcing the stigma associated with mental health issues.
== See also ==
== Notes ==
== References ==
== Further reading ==
== External links ==
Abnormal Psychology Students Practice Resources Psychology Terms – a 600-page dictionary pdf A Course in Abnormal Psychology