65 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
65 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
---
|
||
title: "Timeline of crystallography"
|
||
chunk: 5/6
|
||
source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_crystallography"
|
||
category: "reference"
|
||
tags: "science, encyclopedia"
|
||
date_saved: "2026-05-05T16:17:33.515741+00:00"
|
||
instance: "kb-cron"
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
== 21st century ==
|
||
2000 - Janos Hajdu, Richard Neutze, and colleagues calculated that they could use Sayre's ideas from the 1950s, to implement a ‘diffraction before destruction' concept, using an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL).
|
||
2001 - Harry F. Noller's group published the 5.5-Å structure of the complete Thermus thermophilus 70S ribosome. This structure revealed that the major functional regions of the ribosome were based on RNA, establishing the primordial role of RNA in translation.
|
||
2001 - Roger Kornberg's group published the 2.8-Å structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase. The structure allowed both transcription initiation and elongation mechanisms to be deduced. Simultaneously, this group reported the structure of free RNA polymerase II, which contributed towards the eventual visualisation of the interaction between DNA, RNA, and the ribosome.
|
||
2003 - Raimond Ravelli et al. demonstrated X-ray radiation damage-induced phasing method for structure determination.
|
||
2005 - The first X-ray free-electron laser in the soft X-ray regime, FLASH, became an operational user facility at DESY for X-ray diffraction experiments.
|
||
2007 - Ute Kolb and co-workers developed automated diffraction tomography for electron crystallography by combining diffraction and tomography within a transmission electron microscope.
|
||
2007 - Two X-ray crystal structures of a GPCR, the human β2 adrenergic receptor, were published. Because many drugs elicit their biological effect(s) by binding to a GPCR, the structures of these and other GPCRs may be used to develop efficacious drugs with few side effects.
|
||
2009 - The first hard X-ray free-electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source, became operational at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.
|
||
2009 - Luca Bindi, Paul Steinhardt, Nan Yao, and Peter Lu identified the first naturally occurring quasicrystal using X-ray and electron crystallography.
|
||
2009 - Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome."
|
||
2009 - Judith Howard and her collaborators created the Olex2 crystallographic software package.
|
||
2011 - Gustaaf Van Tendeloo led a team including Sandra Van Aert, Kees Joost Batenburg et. al. determined the 3D atomic positions of a silver nanoparticle using electron tomography.
|
||
2011 - Dan Shechtman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry "for the discovery of quasicrystals."
|
||
2011 - Henry N. Chapman, Petra Fromme, John C. H. Spence and 85 co-workers used femtosecond pulses from a Free-electron laser (XFEL) to examine the structure of nanocrystals of Photosystem I. By using very brief x-ray pulses, most radiation damage is mitigated using the technique called serial femtosecond crystallography.
|
||
2012 - Jianwei Miao and his co-workers applied the coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) method in Atomic Electron Tomography (AET).
|
||
2013 - Tamir Gonen and his co-workers demonstrated microcrystal electron diffraction (microED) for lysozyme microcrystals at the Janelia Farm Research Campus.
|
||
2014 - Carmelo Giacovazzo published Phasing in Crystallography: A Modern Perspective, a comprehensive opus on phasing methods in X-ray and electron crystallography.
|
||
2014 - The International Union of Crystallography and UNESCO named 2014 the International Year of Crystallography to commemorate the century of discovery since the invention of X-ray diffraction.
|
||
2017 - Lukas Palatinus and co-workers used dynamical structure refinement to resolve hydrogen atom positions in nanocrystals using electron diffraction.
|
||
2017 - Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson shared the Nobel Prize in chemistry "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution."
|
||
2019 - The Cambridge Structural Database reached the milestone of one million structures.
|
||
2020 - Two independent groups led respectively by Holger Stark and Sjors Scheres demonstrated that single-particle cryoelectron microscopy has reached atomic resolution.
|
||
2021 - Kenneth G. Libbrecht published the book Snow Crystals: A Case Study in Spontaneous Structure Formation, summarizing his decade-spanning work on the subject for engineering conditions for designer ice crystals.
|
||
2022 - Leonid Dubrovinsky, Igor A. Abrikosov, and Natalia Dubrovinskaia led a team that demonstrates high-pressure crystallography in the terapascal regime.
|
||
2024 - A team led by Anders Madsen developed a deep learning model, PhAI, to solve crystallographic phase problem for small molecules.
|
||
|
||
== See also ==
|
||
History of crystallography before X-rays
|
||
Chemical
|
||
Geometrical
|
||
Physical
|
||
|
||
== References ==
|
||
|
||
== Further reading ==
|
||
|
||
=== Crystallography before 20th century ===
|
||
Whitlock, H. P. (1934). "A century of progress in crystallography" (PDF). The American Mineralogist. 19: 93–100.
|
||
Burke, John G. (1966), Origins of the science of crystals, University of California Press. LCCN 66--13584
|
||
Lima-de-Faria, José (ed.) (1990), Historical atlas of crystallography, Springer Netherlands
|
||
Kubbinga, Henk (2012). "Crystallography from Haüy to Laue: Controversies on the molecular and atomistic nature of solids". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 227 (1): 1–26. Bibcode:2012ZK....227....1K. doi:10.1524/zkri.2012.1459.
|
||
Molčanov, Krešimir; Stilinović, Vladimir (2014-01-13). "Chemical Crystallography before X-ray Diffraction". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 53 (3): 638–652. Bibcode:2014ACIE...53..638M. doi:10.1002/anie.201301319. ISSN 1433-7851. PMID 24065378.
|
||
"Bernard MAITTE René-Just Haüy (1743-1822) et la naissance de la cristallographie*". annales.org. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
|
||
|
||
=== Crystallography in the 20th century and beyond ===
|
||
"100 Years of X-ray Crystallography". Chemical & Engineering News. Retrieved 2024-05-14.
|
||
Milestones in crystallography, Nature, August 2014
|
||
Schwarzenbach, Dieter (2012-01-01). "The success story of crystallography". Acta Crystallographica Section A. 68 (1): 57–67. Bibcode:2012AcCrA..68...57S. doi:10.1107/S0108767311030303. ISSN 0108-7673. PMID 22186283.
|
||
"Timelines of Crystallography". iycr2014.org. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
|
||
McMahon, Malcolm I. (2011), Rissanen, Kari (ed.), "High-Pressure Crystallography", Advanced X-Ray Crystallography, Topics in Current Chemistry, vol. 315, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 69–109, doi:10.1007/128_2011_132, ISBN 978-3-642-27406-0, PMID 21567312, retrieved 2024-05-22{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
|
||
Baur, Werner H. (2014-04-03). "One hundred years of inorganic crystal chemistry – a personal view". Crystallography Reviews. 20 (2): 64–116. Bibcode:2014CryRv..20...64B. doi:10.1080/0889311X.2013.879648. ISSN 0889-311X.
|
||
Pinheiro, Carlos Basílio; Abakumov, Artem M. (2015-01-01). "Superspace crystallography: a key to the chemistry and properties". IUCrJ. 2 (1): 137–154. Bibcode:2015IUCrJ...2..137P. doi:10.1107/S2052252514023550. ISSN 2052-2525. PMC 4285887. PMID 25610634.
|
||
Kopský, Vojtěch (2015-02-02). "Crystallography and Magnetic Phenomena". Symmetry. 7 (1): 125–145. Bibcode:2015Symm....7..125K. doi:10.3390/sym7010125. ISSN 2073-8994.
|
||
Gratias, Denis; Quiquandon, Marianne (2019-05-23). "Discovery of quasicrystals: The early days". Comptes Rendus. Physique. 20 (7–8): 803–816. Bibcode:2019CRPhy..20..803G. doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2019.05.009. ISSN 1878-1535. |