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Cauchy wavelet 2/2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy_wavelet reference science, encyclopedia 2026-05-05T07:23:27.637906+00:00 kb-cron
    f
    (
    t
    )
    =
    
      ∑
      
        n
        =
        
        ∞
      
      
        ∞
      
    
    
      L
      
        n
      
    
    (
    f
    )
    
      e
      
        j
        n
        t
      
    
  

{\displaystyle f(t)=\sum _{n=-\infty }^{\infty }L_{n}(f)e^{jnt}}

. and in fact we have Parseval's identity

      |
    
    
      |
    
    f
    
      |
    
    
      
        |
      
      
        2
      
    
    =
    
      ∑
      
        n
        =
        
        ∞
      
      
        ∞
      
    
    
      |
    
    
      L
      
        n
      
    
    (
    f
    )
    
      
        |
      
      
        2
      
    
  

{\displaystyle ||f||^{2}=\sum _{n=-\infty }^{\infty }|L_{n}(f)|^{2}}

. where

      |
    
    
      |
    
    f
    
      |
    
    
      
        |
      
      
        2
      
    
    =
    
      
        1
        
          2
          π
        
      
    
    
      ∫
      
        
        π
      
      
        π
      
    
    
      |
    
    f
    (
    t
    )
    
      
        |
      
      
        2
      
    
    
    d
    t
  

{\displaystyle ||f||^{2}={\frac {1}{2\pi }}\int _{-\pi }^{\pi }|f(t)|^{2}\,dt}

i.e. the norm defined in

      L
      
        2
      
    
    (
    [
    
    π
    ,
    π
    ]
    )
  

{\displaystyle L^{2}([-\pi ,\pi ])}

. Hence, in this example, the index set

    I
  

{\displaystyle I}

is the integer

      Z
    
  

{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }

, the vector space

    V
  

{\displaystyle V}

is

      L
      
        2
      
    
    (
    [
    
    π
    ,
    π
    ]
    )
  

{\displaystyle L^{2}([-\pi ,\pi ])}

and the linear form

      L
      
        n
      
    
  

{\displaystyle L_{n}}

is the Fourier coefficient. Furthermore, the absolute value of Fourier coefficients

    {
    
      |
    
    
      L
      
        n
      
    
    (
    f
    )
    
      |
    
    
      }
      
        n
        ∈
        
          Z
        
      
    
  

{\displaystyle \{|L_{n}(f)|\}_{n\in \mathbb {Z} }}

can only determine the norm of

    f
  

{\displaystyle f}

defined in

      L
      
        2
      
    
    (
    [
    
    π
    ,
    π
    ]
    )
  

{\displaystyle L^{2}([-\pi ,\pi ])}

.

=== Unicity Theorem of the reconstruction === Firstly, we define the Cauchy wavelet transform as:

      W
      
        
          ψ
          
            p
          
        
      
    
    [
    x
    (
    t
    )
    ]
    (
    a
    ,
    b
    )
    =
    
      
        1
        b
      
    
    
      ∫
      
        
        ∞
      
      
        ∞
      
    
    x
    (
    t
    )
    
      
        
          
            ψ
            
              p
            
          
          (
          
            
              
                t
                
                a
              
              b
            
          
          )
        
        ¯
      
    
    
    d
    t
  

{\displaystyle W_{\psi _{p}}[x(t)](a,b)={\frac {1}{b}}\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }x(t){\overline {\psi _{p}({\frac {t-a}{b}})}}\,dt}

. Then, the theorem is:

Theorem. For a fixed

    p
    >
    0
  

{\displaystyle p>0}

, if exist two different numbers

      b
      
        1
      
    
    ,
    
      b
      
        2
      
    
    >
    0
  

{\displaystyle b_{1},b_{2}>0}

and the Cauchy wavelet transform defined as above. Then, if there are two real-valued functions

    f
    ,
    g
    ∈
    
      L
      
        2
      
    
    (
    
      R
    
    )
  

{\displaystyle f,g\in L^{2}(\mathbb {R} )}

satisfied

      |
    
    
      W
      
        
          ψ
          
            p
          
        
      
    
    [
    f
    (
    t
    )
    ]
    (
    a
    ,
    
      b
      
        1
      
    
    )
    
      |
    
    =
    
      |
    
    
      W
      
        
          ψ
          
            p
          
        
      
    
    [
    g
    (
    t
    )
    ]
    (
    a
    ,
    
      b
      
        1
      
    
    )
    
      |
    
  

{\displaystyle |W_{\psi _{p}}[f(t)](a,b_{1})|=|W_{\psi _{p}}[g(t)](a,b_{1})|}

,

    ∀
    a
    ∈
    
      R
    
  

{\displaystyle \forall a\in \mathbb {R} }

and

      |
    
    
      W
      
        
          ψ
          
            p
          
        
      
    
    [
    f
    (
    t
    )
    ]
    (
    a
    ,
    
      b
      
        2
      
    
    )
    
      |
    
    =
    
      |
    
    
      W
      
        
          ψ
          
            p
          
        
      
    
    [
    g
    (
    t
    )
    ]
    (
    a
    ,
    
      b
      
        2
      
    
    )
    
      |
    
  

{\displaystyle |W_{\psi _{p}}[f(t)](a,b_{2})|=|W_{\psi _{p}}[g(t)](a,b_{2})|}

,

    ∀
    a
    ∈
    
      R
    
  

{\displaystyle \forall a\in \mathbb {R} }

, then there is a

    α
    ∈
    
      R
    
  

{\displaystyle \alpha \in \mathbb {R} }

such that

      f
      
        +
      
    
    (
    t
    )
    =
    
      e
      
        j
        α
      
    
    
      g
      
        +
      
    
    (
    t
    )
  

{\displaystyle f_{+}(t)=e^{j\alpha }g_{+}(t)}

.

      f
      
        +
      
    
    (
    t
    )
    =
    
      e
      
        j
        α
      
    
    
      g
      
        +
      
    
    (
    t
    )
  

{\displaystyle f_{+}(t)=e^{j\alpha }g_{+}(t)}

implies that

    R
    e
    {
    
      f
      
        +
      
    
    (
    t
    )
    }
    =
    R
    e
    {
    
      e
      
        j
        α
      
    
    
      g
      
        +
      
    
    (
    t
    )
    }
    
    ⟹
    
    f
    (
    t
    )
    =
    cos
    
    
      α
    
    g
    (
    t
    )
    
    sin
    
    
      α
    
    
      g
      
        H
      
    
    (
    t
    )
  

{\displaystyle Re\{f_{+}(t)\}=Re\{e^{j\alpha }g_{+}(t)\}\implies f(t)=\cos {\alpha }g(t)-\sin {\alpha }g_{H}(t)}

and

    I
    m
    {
    
      f
      
        +
      
    
    (
    t
    )
    }
    =
    I
    m
    {
    
      e
      
        j
        α
      
    
    
      g
      
        +
      
    
    (
    t
    )
    }
    
    ⟹
    
    
      f
      
        H
      
    
    (
    t
    )
    =
    sin
    
    
      α
    
    g
    (
    t
    )
    +
    cos
    
    
      α
    
    
      g
      
        H
      
    
    (
    t
    )
  

{\displaystyle Im\{f_{+}(t)\}=Im\{e^{j\alpha }g_{+}(t)\}\implies f_{H}(t)=\sin {\alpha }g(t)+\cos {\alpha }g_{H}(t)}

. Hence, we get the relation

    f
    (
    t
    )
    =
    (
    cos
    
    
      α
    
    
    sin
    
    
      α
    
    tan
    
    
      α
    
    )
    g
    (
    t
    )
    
    tan
    
    
      α
    
    
      f
      
        H
      
    
    (
    t
    )
  

{\displaystyle f(t)=(\cos {\alpha }-\sin {\alpha }\tan {\alpha })g(t)-\tan {\alpha }f_{H}(t)}

and

    f
    (
    t
    )
    ,
    
      g
      
        H
      
    
    (
    t
    )
    ∈
    s
    p
    a
    n
    {
    
      f
      
        H
      
    
    (
    t
    )
    ,
    g
    (
    t
    )
    }
    =
    s
    p
    a
    n
    {
    f
    (
    t
    )
    ,
    
      f
      
        H
      
    
    (
    t
    )
    }
    =
    s
    p
    a
    n
    {
    g
    (
    t
    )
    ,
    
      g
      
        H
      
    
    (
    t
    )
    }
  

{\displaystyle f(t),g_{H}(t)\in span\{f_{H}(t),g(t)\}=span\{f(t),f_{H}(t)\}=span\{g(t),g_{H}(t)\}}

.

Back to the phase retrieval problem, in the Cauchy wavelet transform case, the index set

    I
  

{\displaystyle I}

is

      R
    
    ×
    {
    
      b
      
        1
      
    
    ,
    
      b
      
        2
      
    
    }
  

{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} \times \{b_{1},b_{2}\}}

with

      b
      
        1
      
    
    ≠
    
      b
      
        2
      
    
  

{\displaystyle b_{1}\neq b_{2}}

and

      b
      
        1
      
    
    ,
    
      b
      
        2
      
    
    >
    0
  

{\displaystyle b_{1},b_{2}>0}

, the vector space

    V
  

{\displaystyle V}

is

      L
      
        2
      
    
    (
    
      R
    
    )
  

{\displaystyle L^{2}(\mathbb {R} )}

and the linear form

      L
      
        (
        a
        ,
        b
        )
      
    
  

{\displaystyle L_{(a,b)}}

is defined as

      L
      
        (
        a
        ,
        b
        )
      
    
    (
    f
    )
    =
    
      W
      
        
          ψ
          
            p
          
        
      
    
    [
    f
    (
    t
    )
    ]
    (
    a
    ,
    b
    )
  

{\displaystyle L_{(a,b)}(f)=W_{\psi _{p}}[f(t)](a,b)}

. Hence,

    {
    
      |
    
    
      L
      
        (
        a
        ,
        b
        )
      
    
    (
    f
    )
    
      |
    
    
      }
      
        a
        ,
        b
        ∈
        
          R
        
        ×
        {
        
          b
          
            1
          
        
        ,
        
          b
          
            2
          
        
        }
      
    
  

{\displaystyle \{|L_{(a,b)}(f)|\}_{a,b\in \mathbb {R} \times \{b_{1},b_{2}\}}}

determines the two dimensional subspace

    s
    p
    a
    n
    {
    f
    ,
    
      f
      
        H
      
    
    }
  

{\displaystyle span\{f,f_{H}\}}

in

      L
      
        2
      
    
    (
    
      R
    
    )
  

{\displaystyle L^{2}(\mathbb {R} )}

.

== References ==