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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Astronomical clock | 7/7 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_clock | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T09:40:22.228447+00:00 | kb-cron |
=== Malta === Valletta. The clock of the Grandmaster's Palace, installed in 1745, shows the hour, date, month, and lunar phase, and has bells struck by four jacquemarts. Malta has several church clocks that show calendar indications on separate dials, including those of St John's Co-Cathedral, Valletta; St Paul's Cathedral, Mdina; the Rotunda of Mosta; and the Church of St Bartholomew, Għargħur.
=== Netherlands === Arnemuiden. The 16th-century church clock at Arnemuiden indicates the lunar phase and the time of high tide. Franeker. The Eise Eisinga Planetarium, built 1774–1781, is an orrery and astronomical clock which shows the movements of the solar system.
=== Norway === Oslo. A 20th-century astronomical clock at Oslo City Hall.
=== Poland === Gdańsk. In St. Mary's Church there is the Gdańsk astronomical clock dating from 1464 to 1470, and built by Hans Düringer of Toruń. It was reconstructed after 1945. Wrocław. A 16th-century clock showing the moon phase at Wrocław Town Hall.
=== Slovakia === Stará Bystrica: An astronomical clock in the stylized shape of Our Lady of Sorrows was built in the town square in 2009. The astronomical part of the clock consists of an astrolabe displaying the astrological signs, positions of the Sun and Moon, and the lunar phases. Its statues and automata depict Slovakian historical and religious figures. The clock is controlled by computer using DCF77 signals.
=== South Korea === Honcheonsigye: is an astronomical clock made by Song Yi-Yeong (송이영; 宋以潁), a professor of Gwansanggam (관상감; 觀象監) (one of the scientific institution of Joseon dynasty) in 1669. It was designated as South Korean national treasure number 230 on August 9, 1985. The clock used the alarm clock technology created by Christiaan Huygens in 1657. This relic shows that Huygens' technology was spread to East Asia in just 12 years. Also, It demonstrates the astronomy and mechanical engineering technology of the Joseon dynasty. Korea has been making armillary sphere since the 15th century as part of King Sejong's technology development policy, and this clock is an important historical document that shows the fusion of East Asian astronomy and European mechanical technology.
=== Spain === Astorga: The interior face of the clock of Astorga Cathedral has a 24-hour dial which shows the lunar phase and the date.
=== Sweden === Lund: Lund astronomical clock in Lund Cathedral in Sweden, (Horologium mirabile Lundense) was made around 1425, probably by the clockmaker Nicolaus Lilienveld in Rostock. After it had been in storage since 1837, it was restored and put back in place in 1923. Only the upper, astronomical part is original, while some of the other remaining medieval parts can be seen at the Cathedral museum. When it plays, one can hear In Dulci Jubilo from the smallest organ in the church, while seven wooden figures, representing the three magi and their servants, pass by. Fjelie: Emil Ahrent, the local priest, constructed and donated an astronomical clock to Fjelie Church in 1946. Nottebäck: K.L. Lundén, the local priest, installed an astronomical clock in Nottebäck Church in 1954. Rinkaby: An astronomical clock was installed in Rinkaby Church in the 1950s. Modelled on medieval clocks, it was made by a local electrician.
=== Switzerland ===
Bern. The Zytglogge is a famous 15-century astronomical clock housed in a medieval fortification tower. A set of 16th-century clocks which show the zodiac and the days of the week in concentric rings within a 12-hour clock face, with a moon phase ball above: Bremgarten. The clock of the Spittelturm, installed in 1558. Diessenhofen. The clock of the Siegelturm, installed in 1546. Mellingen. The clock of the Zeitturm, installed in 1554. Schaffhausen: The astronomical clock by Joachim Habrecht in the gable of the Fronwagturm, installed in 1564, has five hands, including indications of the positions of the sun and moon in the zodiac, and a dragon hand indicating the lunar nodes. Sion: The Sion astronomical clock on the town hall dates from 1667 to 1668. Its current mechanism was installed in 1902. Solothurn. This astronomical clock, installed by Lorenz Liechti and Joachim Habrecht in 1545 to replace an original of 1452, shows the positions of the sun and moon in the zodiac. Winterthur. This astrolabe astronomical clock was installed in 1529. The building which housed it was demolished in 1870. The clock is now an exhibit at the Museum Lindengut. Zug: The astronomical clock of the Zytturm was installed in 1574. Its calendar dial shows the zodiac, the lunar phase, the day of the week and the leap year cycle.
=== United Kingdom ===
A group of four famous astronomical clocks in the West Country, dating from the 14th and 15th centuries, all of which show the 24-hour time and the moon phase: Exeter. The Exeter Cathedral astronomical clock (c. 1484) Ottery St Mary. The Ottery St Mary astronomical clock (15th century) Wells. The Wells Cathedral clock (1386–1392) Wimborne Minster. The Wimborne Minster astronomical clock (14th century) Durham. Prior Castell's Clock in Durham Cathedral, installed between 1494 and 1519. Hampton Court Palace. The Hampton Court astronomical clock (1540) is on the interior façade of the Main Gatehouse. It is a fine early example of a pre-Copernican astronomical clock. Leicester. The Leicester University astronomical clock (1989) is on the Rattray Lecture Theatre opposite the Physics department. London. The astrological clock of Bracken House was installed in 1959, and depicts the Signs of the Zodiac. Snowshill. The Nychthemeron Clock, installed in the garden of Snowshill Manor in Gloucestershire. St Albans. A modern clock dating from 1995, built from notes by Richard of Wallingford held in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. On display in St Albans Cathedral. York. The York Minster astronomical clock, an astronomical clock installed in 1955 as a memorial to airmen killed in World War II, shows the positions of the sun and stars from the perspective of a pilot flying over York. It was damaged by fire in 1984, and is not currently working.
=== United States === Cedar Rapids, Iowa: The clock tower outside the National Czech and Slovak Museum and Library features an exact replica of Prague's astronomical clock.
== See also == Astrolabe Astrarium Clock of the Long Now, also called the 10,000-year clock Orrery Solar System models Torquetum
== Notes ==
== References == Needham, Joseph (1986). Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering. Science and Civilization in China. Vol. 4. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd. North, John (2005). God's Clockmaker, Richard of Wallingford and the invention of time. Hambledon and London. Sørnes, Tor (2008). The Clockmaker Rasmus Sørnes. Borgarsyssel Museum, Sarpsborg, 2003 Norwegian edition, and 2008 English edition (available from the museum). King, Henry (1978). Geared to the Stars: the evolution of planetariums, orreries, and astronomical clocks. University of Toronto Press. Bibcode:1978gtse.book.....K.
== Further reading == Needham, Joseph; Ling, Wang; deSolla Price, Derek J. (1986). Heavenly Clockwork: The Great Astronomical Clocks of Medieval China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-32276-8.
== External links ==
The search for Rasmus Sørnes 4th clock Prague Astronomical Clock A modern, online astronomical clock Les Cadrans Solaires (Sundials), also showing European astronomical clocks (in French) MoonlightClock.com – Handmade Astronomical Clocks Festraets' astronomical clock