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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hubertus Strughold | 4/4 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubertus_Strughold | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T13:12:16.885692+00:00 | kb-cron |
=== Later revelations ===
Further questions about Strughold's activities during World War II emerged in 2004 following an investigation conducted by the Historical Committee of the German Society of Air and Space Medicine. The inquiry uncovered evidence of oxygen deprivation experiments carried out by Strughold's Institute for Aviation Medicine in 1943. According to these findings six epileptic children, between the ages of 11 and 13, were taken from the Nazis' Brandenburg Euthanasia Centre to Strughold's Berlin laboratory where they were placed in vacuum chambers to induce epileptic seizures in an effort to simulate the effects of high-altitude sicknesses, such as hypoxia. While, unlike the Dachau experiments, all the test subjects survived the research process, this revelation led the Society of Air and Space Medicine to abolish a major award bearing Strughold's name. A similar campaign by American scholars prompted the US branch of the Aerospace Medical Association to announce in 2013 that it would retire a similar award, also named in Strughold's honor, which it had been bestowing since 1963. The move was met with opposition from defenders of Strughold, citing his many notable contributions to the American space program and the lack of any formal proof of his direct involvement in war crimes.
== Awards and honors == Known as The Father of Space Medicine
Theodore C. Lyster Award, Aerospace Medical Association, 1958 Louis H. Bauer Founders Award, Aerospace Medical Association, 1965
=== Hubertus Strughold Award === The Hubertus Strughold Award was established by the Space Medicine Branch, known today as the Space Medicine Association, a member organization of the Aerospace Medical Association. In 1962 the Award was established in honor of Dr. Hubertus Strughold, also known as "The Father of Space Medicine". The award was presented every year from 1963 through 2012 to a Space Medicine Branch member for outstanding contributions in applications and research in the field of space-related medical research.
==== Awardees ====
===== 1960s ===== 1963 Cpt. Ashton Graybiel, Cpt. M.D., USN 1964 Maj. Gen. Otis O. Benson, Jr., USAF, M.C. 1965 Hans-Georg Clamann, M.D. 1966 Hermann J. Schaefer, Ph.D. 1967 Charles Alden Berry, M.D. 1968 David G. Simons, M.D. 1969 Col. Stanley C. White, M.D., USAF, M.C.
===== 1970s ===== 1970 RearAdm Frank Burkhart Voris, MC, USN 1971 Dr. Donald Davis Flickinger, M.D. 1972 Col. Paul A. Campbell, USAF (Ret.) 1973 Andres Ingver Karstens, M.D. 1974 Cdr. Joseph P. Kerwin, MC, USN 1975 Lawrence F. Dietlein, M.D. 1976 Harald J. von Beckh 1977 William Kennedy Douglas 1978 Walton L. Jones, Jr., M.D. 1979 Col. John E. Pickering, USAF (Ret.)
===== 1980s ===== 1980 Rufus R. Hessberg, M.D. 1981 Maj. Gen. Heinz S. Fuchs, GAF, MC (Ret.) 1982 Sidney D. Leverett, Jr., Ph.D. 1983 Sherman Vonograd P., M.D. 1984 Arnauld E. Nicogossian, M.D. 1985 Philip C. Johnson, Jr., M.D. 1986 Carolyn Leach Huntoon, Ph.D. 1987 Karl E. Klein, M.D. 1988 Anatoly Ivanovich Grigoriev, M.D. 1989 Brig. Gen. Eduard C. Burchard, GAF, MC
===== 1990s ===== 1990 Joan Vernikos-Danellis, M.D. 1991 Stanley R. Mohler, M.D. 1992 Roberta Lynn Bondar, M.D. 1993 George Wyckliffe Hoffler, M.D. 1994 Emmett B. Ferguson, M.D. 1995 Mary Anne Bassett Frey, Ph.D. 1996 Norman E. Thagard, M.D. 1997 Shannon Matilda Wells Lucid, Ph.D. 1998 Valeri V. Polyakov, M.D. 1999 Sam Lee Pool, M.D.
===== 2000s ===== 2000 Franklin Story Musgrave, M.D. 2001 John B. Charles, Ph.D. 2002 Earl Howard Wood, M.D., Ph.D. 2003 Jonathan Clark (for STS 107 crew) 2004 No award 2005 William S. Augerson, M.D. 2006 Jeffrey R. Davis, M.D. 2007 Clarence A. Jernigan, M.D. 2008 Richard Jennings, M.D. 2009 Jim Vanderploeg, M.D.
===== 2010s ===== 2010 Irene Duhart Long, M.D. 2011 Michael Barratt, M.D. 2012 Smith L. Johnston III, M.D. 2013 Award retired by the Space Medicine Association
== See also == Aerospace Medical Association Human factors and ergonomics Nazi human experimentation Operation Paperclip Sigmund Rascher
== References ==
== Bibliography == Musgrave, S (2000). "Hubertus Strughold Award". Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. Vol. 71, no. 8 (published August 2000). p. 874. PMID 10954370. "Hubertus Strughold Award. Earl H. Wood, M.D., Ph.D". Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. Vol. 73, no. 9 (published September 2002). 2002. pp. 948–9. PMID 12234052.
== External links == Additional references and photograph at [1] and [2] February 22, 1982, March 8, 1982, March 15, 1982, April 19, 1982, April 27, 1982, Interview with Hubertus Strughold, May 23, 1982, University of Texas at San Antonio: Institute of Texan Cultures: Oral History Collection, UA 15.01, University of Texas at San Antonio Libraries Special Collections.