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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assisted reproductive technology | 5/5 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assisted_reproductive_technology | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T14:56:25.441832+00:00 | kb-cron |
=== Fictional representation === Films and other fiction depicting emotional struggles of assisted reproductive technology have had an upswing in the latter part of the 2000s, although the techniques have been available for decades. As ART becomes more utilized, the number of people who can relate to it by personal experience in one way or another is growing. For specific examples, refer to the fiction sections in individual subarticles, e.g. surrogacy, sperm donation and fertility clinic. In addition, reproduction and pregnancy in speculative fiction has been present for many decades.
== Historical facts == 25 July 1978, Louise Brown was born; this was the first successful birth of a child after IVF treatment. The procedure took place at Dr Kershaw's Cottage Hospital (now Dr Kershaw's Hospice) in Royton, Oldham, England. Patrick Steptoe (gynaecologist) and Robert Edwards (physiologist) worked together to develop the IVF technique. Steptoe described a new method of egg extraction and Edwards were carrying out a way to fertilise eggs in the lab. Robert G. Edwards was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2010, but not Steptoe because the Nobel Prize is not awarded posthumously. The first successful birth by ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) took place on 14 January 1992. The technique was developed by Gianpiero D. Palermo at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, in the Center for Reproductive Medicine in Brussels. Actually, the discovery was made by mistake when a spermatozoid was put into the cytoplasm.
== See also ==
Artificial uterus Artificial insemination Fertility fraud Human cloning Ova bank Posthumous birth Sperm bank Sperm donation Spontaneous conception, the unassisted conception of a subsequent child after prior use of assisted reproductive technology Egg donation Ralph L. Brinster Religious response to ART Repository for Germinal Choice
== References == This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Text taken from How does assisted reproductive technology work in Europe?, Orlane Jézéquélou/Alternatives Economiques, EDJNet.
== External links == Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Assisted Reproductive Technology