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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China Manned Space Program | 4/5 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Manned_Space_Program | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T12:41:04.205328+00:00 | kb-cron |
Astronaut System: Responsible for selecting and training astronauts, and conducting medical monitoring and supporting astronauts during training and while in-flight. Space Application System: Supports scientific experiments and applied research using on-board facilities and payloads. Carrier Rocket System: Long March 2F: Human-rated medium-lift launch vehicle used for launching Shenzhou spacecraft and early space laboratories. Long March 7: Medium-lift launch vehicle used to launch Tianzhou cargo spacecraft. Long March 5B: Heavy-lift launch vehicle for launching Tiangong space station modules. Spacecraft Systems: Manned Spaceship System: Developed Shenzhou spacecraft used to transport astronauts to and from orbit. Cargo Vehicle System: Developed Tianzhou spacecraft used to deliver supplies, propellant, and equipment to the space station. Space Laboratory System: Developed Tiangong 1 and Tiangong 2 as prototype laboratories to validate technologies for a future space station. Manned Space Station System: Developed the modular Tiangong space station, supporting long-duration research in astronomy, biology, and microgravity physics in low Earth orbit. Optical Module System (under development): Developing the Xuntian space telescope that will co-orbit with the Tiangong space station and periodically dock for maintenance and upgrades. Launch Site System: Jiuquan: Launch site in Inner Mongolia for crewed spacecraft and space laboratory missions. Wenchang: Launch site on the island of Hainan for space station modules and Tianzhou cargo vehicles. TT&C and Communications System: Provides tracking, telemetry, command, and communication services, including voice and video links with astronauts and the relay of scientific data. Landing Site System: Manages tracking, search, and recovery of returned re-entry capsules in Inner Mongolia, along with post-landing astronaut support and capsule refurbishment.
== Missions == Mission types：
=== Conducted missions ===
The list below includes all missions operated by CMS, including crewed and uncrewed spacecraft, cargo spaceships, launch vehicle test flights and space station modules.
=== Upcoming missions ===
== Astronauts (Taikonauts) ==
=== November 1996 trainer selection === There were two astronaut trainers selected for Project 921. They trained at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonauts Training Center in Russia.
Li Qinglong – born August 1962 in Dingyuan, Anhui Province and PLAAF interceptor pilot and space instructor at Star City Wu Jie – born October 1963 in Zhengzhou, Henan Province and PLAAF fighter pilot
=== January 1998 astronaut candidate selection === Chen Quan – PLAAF pilot Deng Qingming – from Jiangxi Province and PLAAF pilot, back up on Shenzhou 11, flew on Shenzhou 15 Fei Junlong – second Chinese astronaut, commander of Shenzhou 6 and Shenzhou 15 Jing Haipeng – born October 1966 and PLAAF pilot, astronaut of Shenzhou 7, Shenzhou 9, Shenzhou 11 and Shenzhou 16 Liu Boming – born September 1966 and PLAAF pilot, astronaut of Shenzhou 7 and Shenzhou 12 Liu Wang – born in Shanxi Province and PLAAF pilot, flew on Shenzhou 9 Nie Haisheng – back up in Shenzhou 5, flight engineer on Shenzhou 6, commander of Shenzhou 10 and Shenzhou 12 Pan Zhanchun – PLAAF pilot Yang Liwei – first man sent into space by the space program of China on Shenzhou 5, made the PRC the third country to independently send people into space Zhai Zhigang – back up in Shenzhou 5, commander of Shenzhou 7 and Shenzhou 13 Zhang Xiaoguang – born in Liaoning Province and PLAAF pilot, flew on Shenzhou 10 Zhao Chuandong – PLAAF pilot
=== 2010 astronaut candidate selection === Cai Xuzhe – flew on Shenzhou 14 and Shenzhou 19 Chen Dong – flew on Shenzhou 11, Shenzhou 14 and Shenzhou 20 Liu Yang – first Chinese woman in space, flew on Shenzhou 9 and Shenzhou 14 Tang Hongbo – flew on Shenzhou 12 and Shenzhou 17 Wang Yaping – second Chinese woman in space, flew on Shenzhou 10 and Shenzhou 13 Ye Guangfu – flew on Shenzhou 13 and Shenzhou 18 Zhang Lu – flew on Shenzhou 15 and Shenzhou 21
=== 2020 astronaut candidate selection === 18 people - 17 men, 1 woman, 6 of whose names have yet to be revealed - had been selected as new astronauts. The positions were broken down as 7 spacecraft pilots ("aviators of the People's Liberation Army Air Force"), 7 flight engineers ("former researchers or technicians in aeronautics, astronautics and other related fields"), and 4 mission payload specialists ("those involved in space science and through applications for China's manned space program").
Zhu Yangzhu - flew on Shenzhou 16 as spaceflight engineer Gui Haichao - flew on Shenzhou 16 as payload specialist Jiang Xinlin - flew on Shenzhou 17 as spaceflight engineer Tang Shengjie - flew on Shenzhou 17 as pilot Li Cong - flew on Shenzhou 18 as spaceflight engineer Li Guangsu - flew on Shenzhou 18 as pilot Song Lingdong - flew on Shenzhou 19 as pilot Wang Haoze - third Chinese woman in space, flew on Shenzhou 19 as spaceflight engineer Chen Zhongrui - flew on Shenzhou 20 as pilot Wang Jie - flew on Shenzhou 20 as spaceflight engineer Wu Fei - flew on Shenzhou 21 as spaceflight engineer Zhang Hongzhang - flew on Shenzhou 21 as payload specialist
=== 2022 astronaut candidate selection === CMSA began selecting a fourth batch of astronauts in 2022. The agency had expected to select 7-8 spacecraft pilots ("aviators of the People's Liberation Army Air Force") and 5-6 spaceflight engineers ("former researchers or technicians in aeronautics, astronautics and other related fields"). Up to two of the latter group will become payload specialists ("those involved in space science and through applications for China's manned space program"). Candidacy was extended to include Hong Kong and Macau. On 11 June 2024, CMSA announced that 10 new astronauts were selected after the completion of the 2022 selection process. 8 of the 10 new astronauts are pilots while the remaining 2 are payload specialists. Notably, the two new payload specialists are China's first astronauts from Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions; in addition, the payload specialist from Hong Kong SAR is female. The new astronauts will undergo two years of basic training for space station missions as well as for crewed lunar missions.