kb/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_string_theory-4.md

title	chunk	source	category	tags	date_saved	instance
Glossary of string theory	5/5	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_string_theory	reference	science, encyclopedia	2026-05-05T07:51:24.096924+00:00	kb-cron

RGE Renormalization group equation.

RH Right-handed

R–NS A sector with Ramond conditions on left moving modes and Neveu–Schwarz conditions on right moving modes.

RNS Ramond–Neveu–Schwarz, as in RNS formalism, a way of incorporating supersymmetry into string theory that is supersymmetric on the world sheet.

R-parity A Z2 symmetry of supersymmetric models. R-R Short for Ramond–Ramond sector

== S ==

s

1. A strange quark.
2. A Mandelstam variable

S

1. An action
2. A scattering matrix.
3. The transformation τ → –1/τ of the upper half plane
4. Scalar (current)
5. Short for super or supersymmetric

S-brane A brane similar to a D-brane, with Dirichlet boundary conditions in the time direction.

S-duality Strong–weak duality, a string duality relating theories with a large coupling constant to theories with a small coupling constant SBB Standard Big Bang model of the universe

SCFT Superconformal field theory, a supersymmetric extension of conformal field theory

Schwarz Named for John Henry Schwarz

Seiberg duality

SGA Abbreviation for Spectrum-generating algebra

short supermultiplet A supermultiplet (representation) related to BPS states

sigma model A classical or quantum model based on the maps from a base manifold to a target manifold. SL Special linear group

SLAC Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

SLC Stanford Linear Collider

slepton Hypothetical supersymmetric partner of a lepton SM

sneutrino Hypothetical supersymmetric partner of a neutrino SO Special orthogonal group

Sp Symplectic group

sphaleron Static solution to the electroweak field equations squark Supersymmetric partner of a quark. SSB Spontaneous symmetry breaking

SSM Standard solar model

stress–energy tensor Alternative name for the #energy–momentum tensor.

string field theory

SU Special unitary group

SUGRA Short for supergravity

superconformal algebra A supersymmetric analogue of the Virasoro algebra of conformal symmetries in 2 dimensions superfield A supersymmetric analogue of a quantum or classical field supergravity A supersymmetric extension of general relativity supermultiplet A representation of a supersymmetry algebra superpotential A function of chiral superfield not depending on their superderivatives or spacetime derivatives, used to form a Lagrangian. superspace A supersymmetric analogue of spacetime superstring A supersymmetric analogue of a string supersymmetry A generalization of a Lie superalgebra, where the Lie bracket [a,b] is sometimes given by ab+ba rather than ab–ba. SUSY An abbreviation for supersymmetry.

SYM Supersymmetric Yang–Mills

== T ==

t

1. A top quark.
2. A Mandelstam variable.
3. Time.

T

1. The energy–momentum tensor.
2. Time, especially the time symmetry.
3. The transformation τ → τ+1 of the upper half plane.
4. A torus.
5. The string tension.
6. Temperature.
7. Tensor (current)

T-duality A string duality relating theories on a large spacetime to theories on a small spacetime. In particular it exchanges type IIA and IIB superstring theory. tachyon A particle of imaginary mass moving faster than light. ToE TOE Theory of everything

type I type II type IIA type IIB A type of superstring or the corresponding low-energy supergravity theory. The Roman numeral I or II refers to the number of d=10 supersymmetries, and types IIA or IIB are distinguished by whether the supersymmetries of left and right movers have opposite or identical chiralities.

== U ==

u

1. An up quark.
2. A Mandelstam variable.

U A unitary group.

U-duality Short for "unified duality". A string duality relating two different string theories. UED Universal extra dimensions

UV Short for ultra-violet, often referring to short-distance singularities.

== V ==

V

1. A vertex operator.
2. Vector (current)

V-A Vector-Axial vector

vector superfield A type of superfield related to vector supermultiplets.

VEV Vacuum expectation value of an operator.

vielbein A frame

vierbein A frame in 4 dimensions. Sometimes used for a frame in an arbitrary number of dimension by authors who do not care that "vier" means four in German.

Veneziano amplitude The Euler beta function interpreted as a scattering amplitude. vertex operator

Virasoro algebra A central extension of the Witt algebra of polynomial vector fields on a circle.

== W ==

w A complex number

W A W-boson

W-algebra A sort of generalization of the Virasoro algebra Weyl

1. Named after Hermann Weyl
2. A Weyl transformation is a rescaling of the world-sheet metric.
3. Weyl spinor, an element of a half-spin representation in even spacetime dimensions.

WIMP Weakly interacting massive particle

wino A hypothetical supersymmetric partner of the W-boson. Witten Named for Edward Witten.

WMAP Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe

world sheet The 2-dimensional subset of spacetime swept out by a moving string.

world-volume The p+1-dimensional spacetime volume swept out by a p-brane, as in world-volume action.

WZNW WZW Initials of Wess, Zumino, (Novikov), and Witten, as in the WZW model, a σ-model with a group as the target space.

== XYZ ==

x A real number

X Used for coordinates in Minkowski space.

y A real number

YBE Yang–Baxter equation

YM Yang–Mills

z A complex number

Z

1. A partition function
2. The Z boson. An element of the center of an extended supersymmetry algebra.

ZEUS

zino A hypothetical supersymmetric partner of the Z-boson. zweibein A frame in 2 dimensions

== See also == List of string theory topics

== References == Becker, Katrin, Becker, Melanie, and John H. Schwarz (2007) String Theory and M-Theory: A Modern Introduction . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-86069-5 Binétruy, Pierre (2007) Supersymmetry: Theory, Experiment, and Cosmology. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-850954-7. Dine, Michael (2007) Supersymmetry and String Theory: Beyond the Standard Model. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85841-0. Paul H. Frampton (1974). Dual Resonance Models. Frontiers in Physics. ISBN 0-8053-2581-6. Michael Green, John H. Schwarz and Edward Witten (1987) Superstring theory. Cambridge University Press. The original textbook. Vol. 1: Introduction. ISBN 0-521-35752-7. Vol. 2: Loop amplitudes, anomalies and phenomenology. ISBN 0-521-35753-5. Kiritsis, Elias (2007) String Theory in a Nutshell. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-12230-4. Johnson, Clifford (2003). D-branes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80912-6. Polchinski, Joseph (1998) String Theory. Cambridge University Press. Vol. 1: An introduction to the bosonic string. ISBN 0-521-63303-6. Vol. 2: Superstring theory and beyond. ISBN 0-521-63304-4. Szabo, Richard J. (Reprinted 2007) An Introduction to String Theory and D-brane Dynamics. Imperial College Press. ISBN 978-1-86094-427-7. Zwiebach, Barton (2004) A First Course in String Theory. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-83143-1. Contact author for errata.

== External links == Particle physics glossary at interactions.org Archived 2016-11-23 at the Wayback Machine