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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bibliography of biology | 2/3 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_biology | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T08:24:01.700996+00:00 | kb-cron |
Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (1749–1788). Histoire Naturelle. Until the publication of this encyclopedia much of the European scientific community thought that all animals were created by God about 6,000 years ago. Not only did this 44-volume encyclopedia contain all descriptive biological knowledge of its time, it offered a new theory. One hundred years before Darwin, Buffon claimed that man and ape might have a common ancestor. His work also had a significant impact on ecology. It is no exaggeration to claim that virtually all the well-known writers of the Enlightenment, and even of later generations, in France as well as in other European countries were Buffonians, either directly or indirectly. Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste (1809). Philosophie zoologique ou exposition des considérations relatives à l'histoire naturelle des animaux. Dentu and The Author. English translation: Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet (2001). Zoological philosophy: an exposition with regard to the natural history of animals. Nabu Press. ISBN 978-1-178-26555-2. Darwin, Charles; Wallace, Alfred Russel (1858). "On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 3 (9): 46–50. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1858.tb02500.x. In September 1838 Charles Darwin conceived his theory of natural selection as the cause of evolution, then as well as developing his career as a naturalist worked privately on finding evidence and answering possible objections, circulating essays written in 1842 and 1844 to his friends. Wallace, who was corresponding with Darwin from Borneo, arrived independently at the same theory. He wrote his paper On The Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely from the Original Type in February 1858 and sent it to Darwin, who received it on 18 June 1858 and passed it to Lyell and Hooker. They arranged for a joint publication of Wallace's paper and an extract from Darwin's 1844 essay; this was read to the Linnean Society of London on 1 July 1858, and printed in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 3: 46-50. It had little impact at the time, but spurred Darwin to write an "abstract" of the "big book" Natural Selection he was then working on; this condensed version was published in November 1859 as On the Origin of Species. Darwin, Charles (1859). On the Origin of Species. London: John Murray.(Online: 6th Edition (text)) The Origin of Species is one of the hallmark works of biology. In this shortened abstract of his intended "big book" on Natural Selection, Darwin details his theory that organisms gradually evolve through a process of natural selection, and this process leads to the formation of new species. It was first published on November 24, 1859 and the initial print run was oversubscribed by booksellers at Murray's Autumn sale the day before. Darwin presents a theory of natural selection that is in most aspects identical to the theories now accepted by scientists. He carefully argues out this theory by presenting accumulated scientific evidence from his voyage on the Beagle in the 1830s, and from his continuing studies up to the date of publication. His studies continued with the book being revised accordingly; the most extensive revisions were the 6th and final edition. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, with its tree-like model of branching common descent, has become the unifying theory of the life sciences. The theory explains the diversity of living organisms and their adaptation to the environment. It makes sense of the geologic record, biogeography, parallels in embryonic development, biological homologies, vestigiality, cladistics, phylogenetics and other fields, with unrivalled explanatory power; it has also become essential to applied sciences such as medicine and agriculture. Darwin, Charles (1871). The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. John Murray. Fisher, Ronald (1930). The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Oxford University Press. In the preface, Fisher considers some general points, including that there must be an understanding of natural selection distinct from that of evolution, and that the then-recent advances in the field of genetics (see history of genetics) now allowed this. In the first chapter, Fisher considers the nature of inheritance, rejecting blending inheritance in favour of particulate inheritance. The second chapter introduces Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection. The third considers the evolution of dominance, which Fisher believed was strongly influenced by modifiers. The last five chapters (8-12) include Fisher's more idiosyncratic views on eugenics. One of the founding works of population genetics. Dobzhansky, Theodosius (1937). Genetics and the origin of species. With an introduction by Stephen Jay Gould (1982 Reprint ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-05475-1. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Wilson, E. O. (1975). Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press. Wilson introduced the term sociobiology as an attempt to explain the evolutionary mechanics behind social behaviors such as altruism, aggression, and nurturance. Wilson's book sparked one of the great scientific controversies in biology of the 20th century. Gould, Stephen Jay (1977). Ontogeny and Phylogeny. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-63940-9. Critically revisits Haeckel's idea that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny. Gould presents heterochrony as a concept that allows us to describe the majority of developmental processes in evolution. This book played a significant role at the time by bringing the evolutionary biology community back to examine developmental biology, ignored for many years. Pinker, Steven (1999). How the mind works. Vol. 882. New York: Norton. pp. 119–27, discussion 128–34. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08538.x. ISBN 978-0-393-31848-7. PMID 10415890. S2CID 38521835. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) A synthesis of many of the ideas of Evolutionary Psychology. This field posits that there are insights into the way that the mind works if you view our cognitive capabilities as the adaptive result of evolution. Synthesizes the work of many Evolutionary Psychologists and provides a comprehensive starting point for inquiries into (exactly as the title states) how the mind works.
== Genetics ==
This section contains a list of works on genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.