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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bernd Grimm | 2/2 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernd_Grimm | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T16:39:02.919016+00:00 | kb-cron |
== Reconstruction "Scala del Bramante" == During his time as a practice scholarship holder at Villa Massimo in Rome in 2015, Bernd Grimm did research on the Scala del Bramante of the architect Donato Bramante, which is located in the Vatican Museums. It is a spiral staircase built in 1512 to connect the Pope's Palace with the city of Rome. It was built as a stepless ramp (Italian Rampa), therefore Grimm calls his research report Rampa del Bramante. The staircase is housed in a square tower and has 36 columns of different types. Grimm received permission from the Vatican to measure and photograph the stairs in detail. He subsequently drew up his report. Part of the investigation was the "decoding of the mathematical and geometrical basic structure" of the ramp. In addition, Grimm investigated the structural composition of the columns. In the Classical antiquity and since the Renaissance, so-called order of columns formed an important architectural system with a hierarchy of different types of columns. Grimm in his report revealed that Bramante did not strictly adhere to this system in the construction of his staircase. Thanks to a scholarship from the Rolf Linnenkamp-Stiftung he was able to produce a three-dimensional model of the staircase in stainless steel and birch multiplex in 1:20 scale.
The construction and structure of the staircase were made evident by the fact that the columns were only reproduced as outlines in stainless steel. To illustrate the dimensions of the building, Bernd Grimm gave the measurements in centimetres as well as in piedi and digiti, Ancient Roman units of measurement which were also used in the Renaissance – and came to the result:
"The Rampa (Scala) del Bramante is designed and built from a single point. Based on a simple geometric structure that always allows a reference to the center, a high precision in the positioning of the components is achieved. [...] The exceptional quality of the spiral ramp lies in its strong core design idea, namely to combine simple and ideal geometric shapes with column orders, as an important element of architectural design." (In German: "Die Rampa (Scala) del Bramante ist von einem einzigen Punkt aus konzipiert und verwirklicht. Auf der Grundlage einer einfachen geometrischen Struktur, die immer einen Bezug zum Zentrum ermöglicht, ist eine hohe Präzision in der Positionierung der Bauelemente erreicht. […] Die außergewöhnliche Qualität der Wendelrampe liegt in ihrem starken entwurflichen Kerngedanken, nämlich einfache und ideale geometrische Formen mit den Säulenordnungen, als wichtiges Element baukünstlerischer Gestaltung, zu verbinden.")
=== Other building surveys and reconstructions by Grimm === 1987: Palazzo Spada, 1987: L’edicola di Leone X., Castel Sant'Angelo, Rome, Italy 1989: Basilika St. Vitus (Ellwangen), Ellwangen (Jagst), Germany 1989–1990: Temple of Mars Ultor, Measurement of the capital, Rome, Italy 1995: Ursulinenkirche St. Corpus Christi, Cologne 1997: St. Kolumba, Cologne, Enclosure walls 2002: Putbus Palace, Putbus, reconstruction and model in alabaster gypsum, model in scale 1:50 2009: Santa Maria del Priorato Church, Rome, Italy, Architect Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Model in scale 1:50
== Architectural icons of the Oswald Mathias Ungers Collection == 1993: Parthenon, Athens, 447–438 BC, model in scale 1:50 1995: Pantheon Rom, 118–128 BC, model in scale 1:50 2000: Cheop's pyramid, Giza, Completion ca. 2580 BC, model in scale 1:250 2001: Castel del Monte by Friedrich II, Apulia, 1240–1250, model in scale 1:70 2001: Tiempietto del Bramante, Rome, 1502, Architect: Donato Bramante, model in scale 1:15 2002: Kenotaph for Isaac Newton, 1784, Architect: Étienne-Louis Boullée, model in 1:400 scale 2002: Casa del Fascio, Como, Architect: Giuseppe Terragni, model in scale 1:60 2003: Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Bodrum, circa 370–350 BC, model in scale 1:66 2004: Mausoleum of Theoderic, Ravenna, circa 520 AD, model in scale 1:20 2005: Villa Capra "La Rotonda" (Villa Almerico Capra Valmarana), Vicenza, 1565–1569 AD, architect: Andrea Palladio, model in scale of 1:20
== Lecturing experience == 1993–2000: Fachhochschule Köln, Department of Design 2002–2004: Braunschweig University of Art, Department of Industrial Design 2005: Leibniz University Hannover, Department Architectur 2008: Technical University of Dortmund, Faculty of Construction Engineering 2016: HafenCity University Hamburg, Summer Studio "The Rural in the City" 2018: University of the Arts Bremen, Department of Industrial Design
== Group exhibitions (selection) == 1999: O. M. Ungers: Zeiträume – Architektur – Kontext, Kunsthalle Köln, Cologne, Germany 1999: Bauaufnahme Ursulinenkirche Köln, University of Fine Arts of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 2000: Von der Renaissance zur Gegenwart, University of Fine Arts of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 2003: ZwischenRaumZeit, gallery suitcasearchitecture, Berlin, Germany 2003: Via Culturalis, Romano-Germanic Museum, Cologne, Germany 2004: ArchiSkulptur, Beyeler Foundation, Basel, Switzerland 2006: O. M. Ungers: Kosmos der Architektur, Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin, Germany 2012: Das Architekturmodell – Werkzeug, Fetisch, kleine Utopie, German Architecture Museum, Frankfurt/Main 2015: Abschlusspräsentation der Stipendiaten, Deutsche Akademie Villa Massimo, Rome, Italy 2016: Das Architekturmodell – ein Medium in Theorie und Praxis, ETH Zurich, Department Architecture, Zürich, Switzerland 2016: 10 Jahre Villa Massimo, Vorstellung des Forschungsberichts Scala del Bramante, Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin, Germany 2017: Globes. Architecture & Sciences explorent le monde, Cité de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine, Paris, France
== Further reading == Schilling, Alexander (10 September 2018). Architektur und Modellbau [Architecture and model making]. Berlin: Birkhäuser (deGruyter). ISBN 978-3035614770. Ungers, Oswald Mathias; Pehnt, Wolfgang (9 March 2016). Haus Belvederestraße 60, Köln-Müngersdorf [House Belvederestraße 60, Cologne-Müngersdorf]. Fellbach: Edition Axel Menges. ISBN 978-3932565809. Oswald, Ansgar (2008). Meister der Miniaturen: Architekturmodellbau [Masters of miniatures: Architectural model making]. Berlin: DOM Publishers. ISBN 978-3938666050.
== References ==
== External links ==
Website of Bernd Grimm Online edition of the magazine AA-Files, Volume 73, published on July 27, 2018, ], containing article by Thomas Weaver Model–Maker Grimm (page 94–100) Article by Bernd Grimm: "Reverse spiraled. The Rampa (Scala) Bramante in the Vatican"