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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Architectural endoscopy | 3/3 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_endoscopy | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T16:00:49.452107+00:00 | kb-cron |
== Model visualization before and after 1995 == Starting in the early 1960s, research has been done and published on the use of computers in architecture. Until 1995, visualization of a model as a computer image or a computer animation was so complex and expensive that it was rarely an alternative to the less costly endoscope photography or short film. Exceptions were made for prestigious projects, such as in 1984, when a computer model was made of the glass pyramid for the modernization of the Louvre by architect Ieoh Ming Pei. At move of the Tampere School of Architecture in 1995, the 20 year old "Urban Simulator" was replaced by a modern endoscope system. The latest endoscopes, components and computers were installed for camera control, image processing, and modern computing methods. The new laboratory was presented at the 1997 Conference of EAEA at the Delft University of Technology, Netherlands. As of 2015, endoscope technology for visualization of architectural models is only offered at a few universities in the context of education and research. This is now done parallel with architectural animation 2D, 3D and VR simulation. The development of technology in computers, lighting, software, wireless data transmission, CCD-Sensors, Videoendoscope and more, was so rapid in the decades following 1995, that an architecture student in the 2010s can barely imagine how laborious model simulation and visualization was earlier. The development of endoscopes also benefited from the new technology during those years. An example of this development is the Urban Simulation Laboratory at the Polytechnic University of Milan, (DIAP), which was founded in 2007. At the EAEA Conference in Milan in 2013, a demonstration was made of a mini car with a micro-camera that could go into a model street, 2.2 cm (0.87 in) wide, to record a video from the eye-level perspective in the car. The images were transmitted directly to a screen. The mini car was moved by hand through the city model. The earlier elaborate technical design for video recording was no longer necessary. Genuine models that can be touched and examined from all angles, will continue to be built. They will be made for education and to meet clients demands as well as for presentation of projects at international property and investment trade fairs in Europe and worldwide. There are still models that can be viewed from a bird's-eye view in exhibition halls, such as the Expo Real, Munich or the MIPIM in Palais des Festivals et des Congrès, Cannes, France.
== Renaissance of endoscopy == At the EAEA Conference 1993 in Tampere Bob Martens said: "A renaissance of endoscopy could thus be envisaged at least for still pictures". He also worked with 3D computer simulation but said that endoscopy continues to have advantages in the training of students: "Endoscopy is not overloaded with theory; Students can tackle the subject in a playful manner ". He could not foresee the technical development plus the cost reduction in the decades following his presentation. In the summer of 2015, two of the largest retail chains in Germany sold videoscope cameras for €60 as "men's toys". At the present, it is even possible for students to create their own video with endoscopes to visualize their models for a presentation at the end of the semester. Rigid endoscopes and related photographic equipment have also become affordable. The reduction of costs for the use of endoscopes supports the thesis of Bob Martens, that it may 'come to a' 'Renaissance of endoscopy'.
== Reception == Martin Schulz van Treeck's idea in 1954, was about the eye-level perspective of the pedestrian and the need to convey the concept of the design to clients and the citizens. At the time, an endoscope was the only tool available to photograph and film architectural models from this perspective. The digital revolution was in its infancy and had not yet developed tools (hardware and software) sufficiently to realize his idea. Since then, decades have passed and with computers the eye-level perspective of a pedestrian can be visualized as a photo or a movie without difficulty. The endoscope of yesteryear has been supplemented in the digital age by new technologies, establishing van Treek's idea to present designs from the perspective of pedestrians.
== See also == Architectural design values Architectural model Bigatures Urban planning
== Notes ==
== References ==
== Further reading == Eugenio Morello, Barbara E. A. Piga: EAEA11 2013. Envisioning Architecture: Design, Evaluation, Communication; Kindle Edition, Eaea 11 2013, Edizioni Nuova Cultura, Rom, 2013. Breen, Jack. "Designing Design Communication, Modelling Studies" (PDF). Faculty of Architecture, University of Technology, NL. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-12-14. Modellfotografie: Mit dem Endoskop ins Reich der Miniwelt. In: P.M. Magazin, Nr. 11 (1978), p. 11. Volker Wachs: Die andere Perspektive. In: Color Foto, Januar 1980, pp. 135–141. Jürgen G. Gumprich: Alex Kempkens, Endographie. In: ProfiFOTO, Nr. 4 (1981), pp. 36–41. Martens, Bob, ed. (1996). The Future of Endoscopy. Proceedings of the 2nd European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference in Vienna, 1995 (PDF). Vol. 1 (IRIS-ISIS-Publications at ÖKK-Editions ed.). Vienna: Österreichischer Kunst- und Kulturverlag. ISBN 3-85437-114-4. Jack Breen: Learning from the (in)visible city, Design media experiments in an educational setting, in: The Architectural Annual 1996–1997, Delft University of Technology, 010 publishers, Rotterdam, 1998. Ryuzo Ohno, Hirofumi Aoki, Hrsg.: A Visual Simulation by Real-Time CG Overlaid on the Video Image of a Scale Model, Proceedings of 4th Conference of the European Architectural Endoscopy Association, pp. 36–49, 2001. Martens, B. and Keul A. G. Hrsg.: Designing Social Innovation: Planning, Building, Evaluation, Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, Cambridge, 2005, pp. 223–230. S.M. Arisona, G. Aschwanden, J. Halatsh, and P. Wonka Hrsg.: Digital Urban Modeling and Simulation, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2012, pp. 339–246.