5.4 KiB
| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aggregat | 5/5 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregat | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T13:25:58.892208+00:00 | kb-cron |
It was proposed to use an advanced version of the A9 to attack targets on the US mainland from launch sites in Europe, for which it would need to be launched atop a booster stage, the A10. Design work on the A10 began in 1940, for a projected first flight to take place in 1946. The initial design was carried out by Ludwig Roth und Graupe and was completed on 29 June 1940. Hermann Oberth worked on the design during 1941, and in December 1941 Walter Thiel proposed that the A10 use an engine composed of six bundled A4 engines, which it was thought would give a total thrust of 1,800 kN (400,000 lb). Work on the A10 was resumed in late 1944 under the Projekt Amerika codename, and the A10's design was amended to incorporate a cluster of six A4 combustion chambers feeding into a single expansion nozzle. This was later altered to a large single chamber and single nozzle. Test stands were constructed at Peenemunde for firings of the 2,000 kN (440,000 lb) thrust motor. It was considered that existing guidance systems would not be accurate enough over a distance of 5,000 km (3,100 mi), and it was decided to make the A9 piloted. The pilot was to be guided on his terminal glide towards the target by radio beacons on U-boats and by automatic weather stations landed in Greenland and Labrador. The final design of the A10 booster was approximately 20 m (66 ft) in height. Powered by a 1,670 kN (380,000 lb) thrust rocket burning diesel oil and nitric acid, during its 50-second burn it would have propelled its A9 second stage to a speed of about 4,300 km/h (2,700 mph). The A9 would then ignite and accelerate an additional 5,760 km/h (3,580 mph), reaching a speed of 10,080 km/h (6,260 mph), a peak altitude of 56 kilometres (35 mi), and covering 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) in about 35 minutes. The spent A10 would descend by brake flaps and parachute to be recovered in the sea and reused.
=== A11 === The A11 (Japan Rakete) was a design concept which would have acted as the first stage of a three-stage rocket, the other two stages being the A9 and A10. The A11 design was shown by von Braun to US officers in Garmisch-Partenkirchen; the drawing was published in 1946 by the US Army. The A11 was shown as using six of the large single-chamber engines proposed for the A10 stage, with a modified A10 second stage nested within the A11. The design also showed the winged A9, indicating a gliding landing or bombing mission. To achieve orbit, either a new "kick stage" would have been required, or the A9 would have to have been lightened. In either case, a payload of approximately 300 kg (660 lb) could have been placed in a low Earth orbit, roughly equivalent to the modern-day Electron rocket.
=== A12 === The A12 design if built would have been an orbital rocket. It was proposed as a four-stage vehicle, comprising A12, A11, A10 and A9 stages. Calculations suggested it could place as much as 10 tonnes (22,000 lb) of payload in low Earth orbit, comparable to the later Saturn I rocket of the Apollo program. The A12 stage itself would have weighed around 3,500 tonnes (7,700,000 lb) fully fueled, and would have stood 33 m (108 ft) high. It was to have been propelled by 50 A10 engines, fueled by liquid oxygen and ethanol.
== References ==
=== Citations ===
=== Bibliography === Barber, Murray R. (2017), V2 The A4 Rocket From Peenemünde To Redstone, Crecy Publications, ISBN 978-1-90653-753-1 Huzel, Dieter K. (1981) [1962], Peenemünde to Canaveral (reprint ed.), Greenwood Press, ISBN 0-313-22928-7. Neufeld, Michael (1996), The Rocket and the Reich: Peenemünde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missile Era, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-77650-X. Reuter, Claus (2000), The V2 and the German, Russian and American Rocket Program, German Canadian Museum, p. 87, ISBN 978-1-894643-05-4.
== Further reading == "A1", Encyclopedia Astronautica, Astronautix, A2, A3, A5, A7, A8, A-9, A-10 engine, A9/A10/A11, A9/A10/A11/A12 V2 EMW A4b die bemannte Rakete (in German), DE: Khiechhorn, archived from the original on 14 June 2011, retrieved 2 August 2007. "Neubau", Aggregat 2 (in German), DE, 9 January 2005{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link). "Aggregat 1", Aggregat 2, DE, 9 January 2005{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link). Technical discussion of the A1 (in German), by the same author as the above A2 site. The author has examined primary sources; based on them, he claims that widely repeated data about the A1 is mostly in error. Original drawings from the development of A4/V2 and others (in German), DE: Digipeer, 20,000. The A4 Rocket Part 1 (in German), DE: Bernd Leitenberger. The A4 Rocket Part 2 (in German), DE: Bernd Leitenberger. "Part Two", V2 (article), Aerospace museum, October 2004, archived from the original on 26 May 2005. Space (lecture), University of Oregon, archived from the original on 10 April 2005. A8 statistics, Friends-partners, archived from the original on 25 June 2013, retrieved 28 April 2005. Dornberger, Walter; Rees, Eberhard (1981), Peenemünde : die Geschichte der V-Waffen (in German), Germany: Bechtle, ISBN 3-7628-0404-4
== External links == "Reconstruction, restoration & refurbishment of a V-2 rocket", Nasa tech (spherical panoramas of the process and milestones){{citation}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link).