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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mormon views on evolution | 2/8 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormon_views_on_evolution | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T04:31:57.700246+00:00 | kb-cron |
==== 1909 statement "The Origin of Man" ==== Historically, Latter-day Saints were isolated in the western plains when The Origin of Species was published by Charles Darwin in 1859. Consequently, there was little discussion about evolution among Mormon communities. The Latter-day Saints were trying to survive and build settlements in Utah and evolution was not a prominent concern for them. George Q. Cannon of the Quorum of the Twelve discussed his beliefs on Darwin in 1861, stating that revelation is superior to science, but considered the possibility of evolution among animals and plants. The building of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 allowed for the Saints to gain greater access to outside ideas and influences. Because of this new knowledge, Mormon schools sought to combat scientific theories such as evolution with faith. Publications helped reaffirm church doctrine; however, views on evolution were mixed. Some believed a belief in evolution was equivalent to atheism, whereas some sought to find common ground between evolution and faith. Due to the many differing opinions that emerged, in the early 1900s the LDS Church began to officially respond to the theories that had already been discussed for nearly fifty years. The first official statement from the First Presidency on the issue of evolution was in November 1909, the centennial of Darwin's birth, and the 50th anniversary of the publication of On the Origin of Species. Church president Joseph F. Smith appointed a committee headed by Orson F. Whitney, a member of Quorum of the Twelve, to prepare an official statement, "basing its belief on divine revelation, ancient and modern, proclaim[ing] man to be the direct and lineal offspring of Deity." This teaching regarding the origin of man differs from traditional Christianity's doctrine of creation, referred to by some as "creationism", which consists of belief in a fiat creation. One author said the statement's wording wasn't "outright denying evolutionary claims", but "presented a clear anti-evolutionary slant", and a BYU columnist described the 1909 statement as "anti-evolution" and anti-science. In reference to potential humans before Adam the First Presidency stated, "It is held by some that Adam was not the first man upon this earth and that the original human being was a development from lower orders of the animal creation. These, however, are the theories of men. The word of the Lord declared that Adam was 'the first man of all men' ... and we are therefore in duty bound to regard him as the primal parent of our race. ...[A]ll men were created in the beginning after the image of God ... Man began life as a human being, in the likeness of our Heavenly Father." Moreover, it stated that although man begins life as a germ or embryo, it did not mean that, "[Adam] began life as anything less than a man, or less than the human germ or embryo that becomes a man".
==== 1910 statement "Words in Season from the First Presidency" ==== In response to continual questions from church members regarding evolution, as well as problems preceding the 1911 Brigham Young University modernism controversy, in its 1910 Christmas message, the First Presidency made reference to the church's position on science. It stated that the church is not hostile to "real science" and that "diversity of opinion does not necessitate intolerance of spirit". The message continues by stating that "real science" which is demonstrated is accepted with joy, but theories, speculation, or anything contrary to revelation or common sense are not accepted.
==== 1925 statement "Mormon View of Evolution" ==== In 1925, in the midst of the Scopes Trial in Tennessee, a new First Presidency issued an official statement which reaffirmed the doctrine that Adam was the first man upon the earth and that he was created in the image of God. There is a short article in the Encyclopedia of Mormonism which is largely composed of quotes from the 1909 and 1925 statements. It states that men and women are created in the image of the "universal Father and Mother", and Adam, like Christ was a pre-existing spirit who took a body to become a "living soul". It continues by stating that because man is "endowed with divine attributes", he "is capable, by experience through ages and aeons, of evolving into a God." The official statement was initially published in Deseret News on July 18, 1925, and later published in the Improvement Era in September 1925. The 1925 statement is shorter than the 1909 statement, containing selected excerpts from the 1909 statement. "Anti-science" language was removed and the title was altered from "The Origin of Man" to "Mormon View of Evolution". The comment which concluded that theories of evolution are "theories of men" in the 1909 official statement was no longer included in the 1925 official statement. The First Presidency has not publicly issued an official statement on evolution since 1925.
==== 1931 statement "First Presidency Minutes" ==== In April 1931, the First Presidency sent out a lengthy memo to all church general authorities in response to the debate between B. H. Roberts of the Presidency of the Seventy and Joseph Fielding Smith of the Quorum of the Twelve on the existence of pre-Adamites. The memo stated the church's neutral stance on the existence of pre-Adamites.
== Official church publications == The subject of evolution has been addressed in several official publications of the church.