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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economist | 4/4 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economist | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T10:09:41.732649+00:00 | kb-cron |
=== Social composition, values and public image === Economics as a discipline is heavily male-dominated, compared with many other social sciences, and its practitioners also tend to come from relatively higher social strata. Economists form a professional group with a distinctive profile, whether in their behaviour, their political views, their social position, or their relationship to power. Like much of the academic world, they tend to place themselves somewhat to the left of centre, but on average they are less interventionist than their colleagues and appear to have a particular relationship to individual self-interest. It is difficult, however, to determine whether this relationship is produced by economic training itself, or whether individuals already more oriented towards self-interest are simply more likely to choose economics in the first place. Their views are often out of step with those of the general public, for example in their support for market-based mechanisms to address social issues (such as paying organ donors, or using carbon taxes). Their relative material comfort tends to widen the social distance that separates them from other groups, which raises questions given that economists occupy important positions at the heart of decision-making structures, and that their discipline is closely linked to public administrations and large organizations.
== Notable economists ==
Some current well-known economists include:
Adam Smith, Scottish economist and philosopher. Known as "The Father of Economics". John Maynard Keynes, English economist well known for forming the basis of Keynesian economics. Jan Tinbergen, Dutch economist known for developing and applying dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes, which led to the establishment of econometrics. He was awarded the first Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1969. Ragnar Frisch, Norwegian economist who coined the term econometrics in 1926 for utilising statistical methods to describe economic systems. He was awarded the first Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1969. Joan Robinson, English Keynesian economist. Karl Marx, German philosopher and economist known for founding Marxist Economics. Amartya Sen (b. 1933), Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureate and professor at Harvard University. Kenneth Arrow, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureate and professor at Stanford University. Robert Aumann (b. 1930), Israeli-American mathematician, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 2005. B. R. Ambedkar, Indian scholar, jurist, economist, politician and social reformer. The Reserve Bank of India was conceptualized in accordance with the guidelines presented by Ambedkar to the Hilton Young Commission (also known as Royal Commission on Indian Currency and Finance) based on his book, The Problem of the Rupee – Its Origin and Its Solution. Ben Bernanke, Chairman of the Federal Reserve from 2006 to 2014. Esther Duflo, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureate and professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Milton Friedman, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureate. Claudia Goldin, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureate and professor at Harvard University. Alan Greenspan, Chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1987 to 2006. James Heckman, 2000 Nobel Prize winner and Professor at University of Chicago; most cited economist as of 2018. Glenn Hubbard, Dean of the Columbia University Graduate School of Business; Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers from 2001 to 2003. Thomas M. Humphrey, American economist and historian of economic thought. Paul Krugman, 2008 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureate, public intellectual, and advocate of modern liberal policies. Greg Mankiw, American macroeconomist, academic economist, public intellectual, Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers from 2003 to 2005. Joseph Stiglitz, 2001 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics winner, critic of inequality and the governance of globalization, and former World Bank Chief Economist. Dambisa Moyo, Zambian-born international economist and author who analyzes the macroeconomy and global affairs. Thomas Sowell, American economist and social theorist, Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution. Robert Lucas Jr., 1995 Nobel Prize in Economics winner. George Akerlof, 2001 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics Sciences winner, known for his work on markets with asymmetric information. Carmen Reinhart, member of American Economic Association, 2018 King Juan Carlos Prize in Economics winner. William Forsyth Sharpe, 1990 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winner. Christopher Antoniou Pissarides, 2010 Nobel Prize in Economics winner. Arthur Laffer, 2019 Presidential Medal of Freedom winner. Jeffrey Sachs, Professor of Sustainable Development at Columbia's School of International and Public Affairs, 2015 Blue Planet Prize winner. Ludwig von Mises, Austrian economist and philosopher, author of Human Action. Friedrich Hayek, Austrian economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureate and author of The Road to Serfdom. Thomas Malthus (1766-1834), English economist, cleric, and scholar influential in the fields of political economy and demography. David Ricardo (1772-1823), developed the classical theory of comparative advantage in 1817. Henry George (1839-1897), American economist, social philosopher, journalist, and leader of the single-tax movement. Silvio Gesell (1862-1930), German economist, entrepreneur, and founder of Freiwirtschaft economic model. Jean-Baptiste Say, developed Say's law stating that a free economy could not know economic crises. Ronald Coase, founder of the concept of transaction cost.
== See also ==
Chief economist List of economists
== References ==
=== Citations ===
=== Sources ===
== External links ==
The dictionary definition of economist at Wiktionary