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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical looping combustion | 2/2 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_looping_combustion | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T10:48:56.584534+00:00 | kb-cron |
=== Variants and related technologies === A variant of CLC is Chemical-Looping Combustion with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU) where an oxygen carrier is used that releases gas-phase oxygen in the fuel reactor, e.g. CuO/Cu2O. This is helpful for achieving high gas conversion, and especially when using solid fuels, where slow steam gasification of char can be avoided. CLOU operation with solid fuels shows high performance Chemical Looping can also be used to produce hydrogen in Chemical-Looping Reforming (CLR) processes. In one configuration of the CLR process, hydrogen is produced from coal and/or natural gas using a moving bed fuel reactor integrated with a steam reactor and a fluidized bed air reactor. This configuration of CLR can produce greater than 99% purity H2 without the need for CO2 separation. Another CLR process is based on conventional steam methane reforming (SMR), with chemical-looping combustion replacing the reformer furnace. Thus, the heat for the reforming is transferred in fluidized-bed heat exchangers (FBHEs) connected to the air reactor and the fuel used is the off-gas from the reforming plus additional methane. This configuration can give higher energy efficiency than conventional SMR, because the furnace temperature can be reduced. Consequently, a negative CO2 capture cost could be possible. Lower temperature and more efficient heat transfer in FBHEs may also allow for thinner and shorter reformer tubes and reduce need for catalyst.
Comprehensive overviews of the field are given in recent reviews on chemical looping technologies. In summary, CLC can achieve both an increase in power station efficiency simultaneously with low energy penalty carbon capture. Challenges with CLC include the operation of dual fluidized bed (maintaining carrier fluidization while avoiding crushing and attrition), and maintaining carrier stability over many cycles.
== See also == Chemical looping reforming and gasification Combustion Oxy-fuel combustion Oxidizing agent Redox (reduction/oxidation reaction) Carbon capture and storage Lane hydrogen producer
== References ==
== External links == "CO2 Capture – homepage". entek.chalmers.se. chemical-looping.at "Chemical Looping". Institute for Combustion Science, Western Kentucky University. Archived from the original on 2012-10-22. "Research activities". Instituto de Carboquímica. Archived from the original on Mar 3, 2016. "Imperial College Centre for Carbon Capture and Storage (IC4S)". Carbon Capture and Storage, Imperial College London. Archived from the original on Mar 3, 2016. "SP4: Chemical Looping Combustion". ENCAP. Archived from the original on 2008-04-21. "Carbon capture and chemical looping technology - an update on progress". Webinar recording, Carl Bozzuto and the Global CCS Institute, 11 July 2012.