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| title | chunk | source | category | tags | date_saved | instance |
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| Public participation (decision making) | 2/2 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_participation_(decision_making) | reference | science, encyclopedia | 2026-05-05T13:50:25.922289+00:00 | kb-cron |
Support effective science communication and engagement Capitalize on the strength of diverse coalitions Build capacity to deal with moving targets Focus on shared values Build trusting relationships through applied research and feedback loops
== Participation in heritage == Communities can be involved in local, regional and national cultural heritage initiatives, in the processes of creation, organisation, access, use and preservation. The internet has facilitated this, particularly via crowdsourcing, where the general public is asked to help contribute to shared goals, creating content, but also as a form of mutually beneficial engagement particularly with the collections and research of Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums (GLAM). An example of this is the Transcribe Bentham project, where volunteers are asked to transcribe the manuscripts of the philosopher Jeremy Bentham. Challenges include: how to manage copyright, ownership, orphan works, access to open data from heritage organisations, how to build relationships with cultural heritage amateurs, sustainable preservation, and attitudes towards openness.
== Critiques of participation == Efforts to promote public participation have been widely critiqued. There is particular concern regarding the potential capture of the public into the sphere of influence of governance stakeholders, leaving communities frustrated by public participation initiatives, marginalized and ignored.
== Civic opportunity gap == Youth participation in civic activities has been found to be linked to a student's race, academic track, and their school's socioeconomic status. The American Political Science Task Force on Inequality and American Democracy has found that those with higher socioeconomic status participate at higher rates than those with lower status. A collection of surveys on student participation in 2008 found that "Students who are more academically successful or white and those with parents of higher socioeconomic status receive more classroom-based civic learning opportunities." Youth from disadvantaged backgrounds are less likely to report participation in school-based service or service-learning than other students. Students with more highly educated parents and higher household incomes are more likely to have the opportunity to participate in student government, give a speech, or develop debating skills in school.
== See also ==
== References ==
== External links == p-Government: Online participatory government Reed, Mark S. (2008). "Stakeholder participation for environmental management: a literature review" (PDF). Biological Conservation. 141 (10): 2417–2431. Bibcode:2008BCons.141.2417R. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2008.07.014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-09. (for final published version see: https://web.archive.org/web/20110608090645/http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0888-8892) Participatory Economics Book Page (Participatory Decision Making) "Future in the Alps" Database with best practice examples of new forms of decision-making in the Alps "Participatory Learning and Action series" A leading informal journal on participatory learning and action approaches and methods, providing a forum for those engaged in participatory work - community workers, activists and researchers - to share their experiences, conceptual reflections and methodological innovations with others. "Participation and the FAO" The Participation Website was established in 1999 by the Informal Working Group on Participatory Approaches and Methods to Support Sustainable Livelihoods and Food Security (IWG-PA) from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The objective of the Participation Website is to bring together under one virtual roof, a broad cross-section of stakeholders interested in participatory approaches and methods in support of sustainable rural livelihoods and food security. "p-Government" The author proposes a new model of electronic governance based on the shared vision and collaboration of all the stakeholders. This new governance model shall be known as p-government or participatory government. Accountability and Participation Research with the focus on political participation by the GIGA - German Institute of Global and Area Studies]