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Turing Award - Wikipedia
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3
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<span>
References
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4
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<span>
Further reading
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5
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<span>
External links
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<h1 class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" id="firstHeading">
<span class="mw-page-title-main">
Turing Award
</span>
</h1>
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64 languages
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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" data-title="قائمة الحاصلين على جائزة تورنغ" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%BA" hreflang="ar" lang="ar" title="قائمة الحاصلين على جائزة تورنغ – Arabic">
<span>
العربية
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" data-title="Türinq mükafatı" href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrinq_m%C3%BCkafat%C4%B1" hreflang="az" lang="az" title="Türinq mükafatı – Azerbaijani">
<span>
Azərbaycanca
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" data-title="Прэмія Цьюрынга" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A6%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" hreflang="be" lang="be" title="Прэмія Цьюрынга – Belarusian">
<span>
Беларуская
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" data-title="Тюринг (награда)" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0)" hreflang="bg" lang="bg" title="Тюринг (награда) – Bulgarian">
<span>
Български
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" data-title="টুরিং পুরস্কার" href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" hreflang="bn" lang="bn" title="টুরিং পুরস্কার – Bangla">
<span>
বাংলা
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" data-title="Priz Turing" href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priz_Turing" hreflang="br" lang="br" title="Priz Turing – Breton">
<span>
Brezhoneg
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" data-title="Turingova nagrada" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turingova_nagrada" hreflang="bs" lang="bs" title="Turingova nagrada – Bosnian">
<span>
Bosanski
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" data-title="Premi Turing" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premi_Turing" hreflang="ca" lang="ca" title="Premi Turing – Catalan">
<span>
Català
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" data-title="خەڵاتی تێرینگ" href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" hreflang="ckb" lang="ckb" title="خەڵاتی تێرینگ – Central Kurdish">
<span>
کوردی
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" data-title="Turingova cena" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turingova_cena" hreflang="cs" lang="cs" title="Turingova cena – Czech">
<span>
Čeština
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" data-title="Turing-prisen" href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing-prisen" hreflang="da" lang="da" title="Turing-prisen – Danish">
<span>
Dansk
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" data-title="Turing Award" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_Award" hreflang="de" lang="de" title="Turing Award – German">
<span>
Deutsch
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" data-title="Βραβείο Τούρινγκ" href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" hreflang="el" lang="el" title="Βραβείο Τούρινγκ – Greek">
<span>
Ελληνικά
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" data-title="Premio Turing" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Turing" hreflang="eo" lang="eo" title="Premio Turing – Esperanto">
<span>
Esperanto
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" data-title="Premio Turing" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Turing" hreflang="es" lang="es" title="Premio Turing – Spanish">
<span>
Español
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" data-title="Turingi auhind" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turingi_auhind" hreflang="et" lang="et" title="Turingi auhind – Estonian">
<span>
Eesti
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" data-title="جایزه تورینگ" href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" hreflang="fa" lang="fa" title="جایزه تورینگ – Persian">
<span>
فارسی
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" data-title="Turing-palkinto" href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing-palkinto" hreflang="fi" lang="fi" title="Turing-palkinto – Finnish">
<span>
Suomi
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" data-title="Prix Turing" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Turing" hreflang="fr" lang="fr" title="Prix Turing – French">
<span>
Français
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" data-title="A.M. Turing Award" href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.M._Turing_Award" hreflang="fy" lang="fy" title="A.M. Turing Award – Western Frisian">
<span>
Frysk
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" data-title="Premio Turing" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Turing" hreflang="gl" lang="gl" title="Premio Turing – Galician">
<span>
Galego
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" data-title="פרס טיורינג" href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A1_%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" hreflang="he" lang="he" title="פרס טיורינג – Hebrew">
<span>
עברית
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" data-title="ट्यूरिंग पुरस्कार" href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" hreflang="hi" lang="hi" title="ट्यूरिंग पुरस्कार – Hindi">
<span>
हिन्दी
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" data-title="Turingova nagrada" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turingova_nagrada" hreflang="hr" lang="hr" title="Turingova nagrada – Croatian">
<span>
Hrvatski
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" data-title="Turing-díj" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing-d%C3%ADj" hreflang="hu" lang="hu" title="Turing-díj – Hungarian">
<span>
Magyar
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" data-title="Թյուրինգի մրցանակ" href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D6%80%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF" hreflang="hy" lang="hy" title="Թյուրինգի մրցանակ – Armenian">
<span>
Հայերեն
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" data-title="Penghargaan Turing" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghargaan_Turing" hreflang="id" lang="id" title="Penghargaan Turing – Indonesian">
<span>
Bahasa Indonesia
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" data-title="Premio Turing" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Turing" hreflang="it" lang="it" title="Premio Turing – Italian">
<span>
Italiano
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" data-title="チューリング賞" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E8%B3%9E" hreflang="ja" lang="ja" title="チューリング賞 – Japanese">
<span>
日本語
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" data-title="ტიურინგის პრემია" href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" hreflang="ka" lang="ka" title="ტიურინგის პრემია – Georgian">
<span>
ქართული
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" data-title="튜링상" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%9C%EB%A7%81%EC%83%81" hreflang="ko" lang="ko" title="튜링상 – Korean">
<span>
한국어
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" data-title="Түриң сыйлыгы" href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D2%A3_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" hreflang="ky" lang="ky" title="Түриң сыйлыгы – Kyrgyz">
<span>
Кыргызча
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" data-title="Praemium Turing" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praemium_Turing" hreflang="la" lang="la" title="Praemium Turing – Latin">
<span>
Latina
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" data-title="Turing-Präis" href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing-Pr%C3%A4is" hreflang="lb" lang="lb" title="Turing-Präis – Luxembourgish">
<span>
Lëtzebuergesch
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" data-title="Tiuringo apdovanojimas" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiuringo_apdovanojimas" hreflang="lt" lang="lt" title="Tiuringo apdovanojimas – Lithuanian">
<span>
Lietuvių
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" data-title="Tjūringa balva" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tj%C5%ABringa_balva" hreflang="lv" lang="lv" title="Tjūringa balva – Latvian">
<span>
Latviešu
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" data-title="Тјурингова награда" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%98%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" hreflang="mk" lang="mk" title="Тјурингова награда – Macedonian">
<span>
Македонски
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" data-title="ടൂറിങ് അവാർഡ്" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" hreflang="ml" lang="ml" title="ടൂറിങ് അവാർഡ് – Malayalam">
<span>
മലയാളം
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item">
<a class="interlanguage-link-target" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" data-title="Тюрингийн Шагнал" href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" hreflang="mn" lang="mn" title="Тюрингийн Шагнал – Mongolian">
<span>
Монгол
</span>
</a>
</li>
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Português
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Română
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American annual computer science prize
</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1316064257">
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<table class="infobox vevent">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="infobox-above summary" colspan="2">
ACM Turing Award
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="infobox-image" colspan="2">
<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Turing_statue_Surrey.jpg">
<img alt="Statue of Alan Turing" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="3000" data-file-width="1993" decoding="async" height="376" src="assets/250px-Turing_statue_Surrey.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Turing_statue_Surrey.jpg/500px-Turing_statue_Surrey.jpg 1.5x" width="250"/>
</a>
</span>
<div class="infobox-caption">
Statue of
<a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">
Alan Turing
</a>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="width: 33%;">
Awarded for
</th>
<td class="infobox-data">
Outstanding contributions in
<a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">
computer science
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="width: 33%;">
Country
</th>
<td class="infobox-data location">
United States
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="width: 33%;">
Presented by
</th>
<td class="infobox-data attendee">
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="width: 33%;">
Reward
</th>
<td class="infobox-data">
<span style="white-space: nowrap">
US$1,000,000
</span>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-million_1-0">
<a href="#cite_note-million-1">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
1
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="width: 33%;">
First award
</th>
<td class="infobox-data">
1966
<span class="noprint">
; 60 years ago
</span>
<span style="display:none">
(
<span class="bday dtstart published updated">
1966
</span>
)
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="width: 33%;">
Website
</th>
<td class="infobox-data">
<span class="url">
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org" rel="nofollow">
amturing
<wbr/>
.acm
<wbr/>
.org
</a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
The
<b>
ACM A. M. Turing Award
</b>
is an annual prize given by the
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
(ACM) for contributions of lasting and major technical importance to
<a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">
computer science
</a>
. It is generally recognized as the highest distinction in the field of computer science and is often referred to as the "
<a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_considered_the_highest_in_a_field" title="List of awards considered the highest in a field">
Nobel Prize of Computing
</a>
". As of 2025
<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;">
<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turing_Award&amp;action=edit">
[update]
</a>
</sup>
, 79 people have been awarded the prize, with the most recent recipients being
<a href="/wiki/Andrew_Barto" title="Andrew Barto">
Andrew Barto
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Sutton" title="Richard S. Sutton">
Richard S. Sutton
</a>
, who won in 2024.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ACM_2-0">
<a href="#cite_note-ACM-2">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
2
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BartoSutton_3-0">
<a href="#cite_note-BartoSutton-3">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
3
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4">
<a href="#cite_note-4">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
4
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5">
<a href="#cite_note-5">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
5
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6">
<a href="#cite_note-6">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
6
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
The award is named after
<a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">
Alan Turing
</a>
, also referred as "Father of Computer Science", who was a British mathematician and
<a href="/wiki/Reader_(academic_rank)" title="Reader (academic rank)">
reader
</a>
in mathematics at the
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">
University of Manchester
</a>
. Turing is often credited as being the founder of
<a href="/wiki/Theoretical_computer_science" title="Theoretical computer science">
theoretical computer science
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">
artificial intelligence
</a>
,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7">
<a href="#cite_note-7">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
7
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
and a key contributor to the Allied
<a href="/wiki/Cryptanalysis" title="Cryptanalysis">
cryptanalysis
</a>
of the
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Enigma_cipher" title="Enigma cipher">
Enigma cipher
</a>
during
<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">
World War II
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc-copeland_8-0">
<a href="#cite_note-bbc-copeland-8">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
8
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
From 2007 to 2013, the award was accompanied by a prize of
<span style="white-space: nowrap">
US$250,000
</span>
, with financial support provided by
<a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">
Intel
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">
Google
</a>
.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ACM_2-1">
<a href="#cite_note-ACM-2">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
2
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9">
<a href="#cite_note-9">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
9
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
Since 2014, the award has been accompanied by a prize of
<span style="white-space: nowrap">
US$1
</span>
million, with financial support provided by Google.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-million_1-1">
<a href="#cite_note-million-1">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
1
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10">
<a href="#cite_note-10">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
10
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<p>
The first recipient, in 1966, was
<a href="/wiki/Alan_Perlis" title="Alan Perlis">
Alan Perlis
</a>
. The youngest recipient was
<a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">
Donald Knuth
</a>
, who won in 1974 at the age of 36,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11">
<a href="#cite_note-11">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
11
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
while the oldest recipient was
<a href="/wiki/Alfred_Aho" title="Alfred Aho">
Alfred Aho
</a>
, who won in 2020 at the age of 79.
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12">
<a href="#cite_note-12">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
12
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
Only three women have been awarded the prize:
<a href="/wiki/Frances_Allen" title="Frances Allen">
Frances Allen
</a>
(in 2006),
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Allen_13-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Allen-13">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
13
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<a href="/wiki/Barbara_Liskov" title="Barbara Liskov">
Barbara Liskov
</a>
(in 2008),
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-liskov_14-0">
<a href="#cite_note-liskov-14">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
14
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
and
<a href="/wiki/Shafi_Goldwasser" title="Shafi Goldwasser">
Shafi Goldwasser
</a>
(in 2012).
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-goldwasser_15-0">
<a href="#cite_note-goldwasser-15">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
15
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Turing_Award,_on_display_at_Nokia_Bell_Labs,_NJ,_USA,_Aug_2025.jpg">
<img alt="Photo of The Turing Award on display at Nokia Bell Labs, August 2025." class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="262" data-file-width="350" decoding="async" height="187" src="assets/250px-Turing_Award%2C_on_display_at_Nokia_Bell_Labs%2C_NJ%2C_USA%2C_Aug_2025.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e3/Turing_Award%2C_on_display_at_Nokia_Bell_Labs%2C_NJ%2C_USA%2C_Aug_2025.jpg 1.5x" width="250"/>
</a>
<figcaption>
The Turing Award of 1983, given to
<a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie" title="Dennis Ritchie">
Dennis Ritchie
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Ken_Thompson" title="Ken Thompson">
Ken Thompson
</a>
, on display at
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Nokia_Bell_Labs" title="Nokia Bell Labs">
Nokia Bell Labs
</a>
.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc">
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
<h2 id="Recipients">
Recipients
</h2>
<span class="mw-editsection">
<span class="mw-editsection-bracket">
[
</span>
<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turing_Award&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Recipients">
<span>
edit
</span>
</a>
<span class="mw-editsection-bracket">
]
</span>
</span>
</div>
<table class="wikitable sortable">
<caption>
Recipients of the ACM Turing award
</caption>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="col">
Year
</th>
<th scope="col">
Recipient(s)
</th>
<th class="unsortable" scope="col">
Photo
</th>
<th class="unsortable" scope="col">
Rationale
</th>
<th scope="col">
Affiliated institute(s)
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1966
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Perlis, Alan">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Alan_Perlis" title="Alan Perlis">
Alan Perlis
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td align="center">
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg">
<img class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1" data-file-width="1" decoding="async" height="80" src="assets/120px-No_image.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/250px-No_image.svg.png 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For his influence in the area of advanced
<a href="/wiki/Computer_programming" title="Computer programming">
computer programming
</a>
techniques and
<a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">
compiler
</a>
construction"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16">
<a href="#cite_note-16">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
16
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-perlis_17-0">
<a href="#cite_note-perlis-17">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
17
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">
Carnegie Mellon University
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1967
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Wilkes, Maurice">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkes" title="Maurice Wilkes">
Maurice Wilkes
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Maurice_Vincent_Wilkes_1980_(3,_cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Maurice Wilkes" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="463" data-file-width="314" decoding="async" height="118" src="assets/120px-Maurice_Vincent_Wilkes_1980_%283%2C_cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Maurice_Vincent_Wilkes_1980_%283%2C_cropped%29.jpg/250px-Maurice_Vincent_Wilkes_1980_%283%2C_cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
For contributions including being "the builder and designer of the
<a href="/wiki/EDSAC" title="EDSAC">
EDSAC
</a>
, the second computer with an internally stored
<a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">
program
</a>
" and introducing
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Program_libraries" title="Program libraries">
program libraries
</a>
(together with
<a href="/wiki/David_Wheeler_(computer_scientist)" title="David Wheeler (computer scientist)">
David Wheeler
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Stanley_Gill" title="Stanley Gill">
Stanley Gill
</a>
)
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18">
<a href="#cite_note-18">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
18
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wilkes_19-0">
<a href="#cite_note-wilkes-19">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
19
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">
University of Cambridge
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1968
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Hamming, Richard">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Richard_Hamming" title="Richard Hamming">
Richard Hamming
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td align="center">
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg">
<img class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1" data-file-width="1" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/120px-No_image.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/250px-No_image.svg.png 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For his work on
<a href="/wiki/Numerical_method" title="Numerical method">
numerical methods
</a>
, automatic coding systems, and
<a href="/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction" title="Error detection and correction">
error-detecting and error-correcting codes
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20">
<a href="#cite_note-20">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
20
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hamming_21-0">
<a href="#cite_note-hamming-21">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
21
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Louisville" title="University of Louisville">
University of Louisville
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">
Bell Labs
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1969
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Minsky, Marvin">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">
Marvin Minsky
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Marvin_Minsky_at_OLPCc.jpg">
<img alt="Marvin Minsky" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="667" data-file-width="440" decoding="async" height="121" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Marvin_Minsky_at_OLPCc.jpg/120px-Marvin_Minsky_at_OLPCc.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Marvin_Minsky_at_OLPCc.jpg/250px-Marvin_Minsky_at_OLPCc.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For his central role in creating, shaping, promoting, and advancing the field of
<a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">
artificial intelligence
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22">
<a href="#cite_note-22">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
22
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-minsky_23-0">
<a href="#cite_note-minsky-23">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
23
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1970
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Wilkinson, James H.">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/James_H._Wilkinson" title="James H. Wilkinson">
James H. Wilkinson
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td align="center">
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg">
<img class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1" data-file-width="1" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/120px-No_image.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/250px-No_image.svg.png 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For his research in
<a href="/wiki/Numerical_analysis" title="Numerical analysis">
numerical analysis
</a>
to facilitate the use of the high-speed digital computer, having received special recognition for his work in computations in
<a href="/wiki/Linear_algebra" title="Linear algebra">
linear algebra
</a>
and 'backward' error analysis"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24">
<a href="#cite_note-24">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
24
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wilkinson_25-0">
<a href="#cite_note-wilkinson-25">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
25
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/National_Physical_Laboratory_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)">
National Physical Laboratory
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1971
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="McCarthy, John">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">
John McCarthy
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:John_McCarthy_Stanford.jpg">
<img alt="John McCarthy" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="2332" data-file-width="2013" decoding="async" height="93" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/John_McCarthy_Stanford.jpg/120px-John_McCarthy_Stanford.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/John_McCarthy_Stanford.jpg/250px-John_McCarthy_Stanford.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
Award citation refers to McCarthy's lecture "The Present State of Research on Artificial Intelligence"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26">
<a href="#cite_note-26">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
26
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mccarthy_27-0">
<a href="#cite_note-mccarthy-27">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
27
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">
Stanford University
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1972
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Dijkstra, Edsger W.">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Edsger_W._Dijkstra" title="Edsger W. Dijkstra">
Edsger W. Dijkstra
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Edsger_Wybe_Dijkstra.jpg">
<img alt="Edsger W. Dijkstra" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1600" data-file-width="1200" decoding="async" height="107" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Edsger_Wybe_Dijkstra.jpg/120px-Edsger_Wybe_Dijkstra.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Edsger_Wybe_Dijkstra.jpg/250px-Edsger_Wybe_Dijkstra.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For fundamental contributions to programming as a high, intellectual challenge; for eloquent insistence and practical demonstration that programs should be composed correctly, not just debugged into correctness; for illuminating perception of problems at the foundations of program design"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28">
<a href="#cite_note-28">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
28
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dijkstra_29-0">
<a href="#cite_note-dijkstra-29">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
29
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Centrum_Wiskunde_%26_Informatica" title="Centrum Wiskunde &amp; Informatica">
Centrum Wiskunde &amp; Informatica
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Eindhoven_University_of_Technology" title="Eindhoven University of Technology">
Eindhoven University of Technology
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">
University of Texas at Austin
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1973
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Bachman, Charles">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Charles_Bachman" title="Charles Bachman">
Charles Bachman
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Charles_Bachman_2012.jpg">
<img alt="Charles Bachman" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1200" data-file-width="784" decoding="async" height="122" src="assets/120px-Charles_Bachman_2012.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Charles_Bachman_2012.jpg/250px-Charles_Bachman_2012.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For his outstanding contributions to
<a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">
database
</a>
technology"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30">
<a href="#cite_note-30">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
30
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bachman_31-0">
<a href="#cite_note-bachman-31">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
31
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
General Electric Research Laboratory (now under
<a href="/wiki/Groupe_Bull" title="Groupe Bull">
Groupe Bull
</a>
, an
<a href="/wiki/Atos" title="Atos">
Atos
</a>
company)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1974
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Knuth, Donald">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">
Donald Knuth
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg">
<img alt="Donald Knuth" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="505" data-file-width="427" decoding="async" height="95" src="assets/120px-KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg/250px-KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For his major contributions to the
<a href="/wiki/Analysis_of_algorithms" title="Analysis of algorithms">
analysis of algorithms
</a>
and the design of programming languages, and in particular for his contributions to '
<a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming" title="The Art of Computer Programming">
The Art of Computer Programming
</a>
' through his well-known books in a continuous series by this title"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32">
<a href="#cite_note-32">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
32
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-knuth_33-0">
<a href="#cite_note-knuth-33">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
33
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">
California Institute of Technology
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Defense_Analyses#Center_for_Communications_and_Computing" title="Institute for Defense Analyses">
Center for Communications Research, Center for Communications and Computing, Institute for Defense Analyses
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">
Stanford University
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup">
1975
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Newell, Allen">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Allen_Newell" title="Allen Newell">
Allen Newell
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td align="center">
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg">
<img class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1" data-file-width="1" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/120px-No_image.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/250px-No_image.svg.png 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
In collaboration with
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/J._C._Shaw" title="J. C. Shaw">
J. C. Shaw
</a>
and others, for "basic contributions to artificial intelligence, the psychology of human
<a href="/wiki/Cognition" title="Cognition">
cognition
</a>
, and
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/List_processing" title="List processing">
list processing
</a>
."
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34">
<a href="#cite_note-34">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
34
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-newell_35-0">
<a href="#cite_note-newell-35">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
35
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-simon_36-0">
<a href="#cite_note-simon-36">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
36
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
<a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">
RAND Corporation
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">
Carnegie Mellon University
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Simon, Herbert A.">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">
Herbert A. Simon
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Herbert_A._Simon_and_Allen_Newell_Chess_Match_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Herbert A. Simon" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="158" data-file-width="104" decoding="async" height="122" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Herbert_A._Simon_and_Allen_Newell_Chess_Match_%28cropped%29.jpg" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup">
1976
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Rabin, Michael O.">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Michael_O._Rabin" title="Michael O. Rabin">
Michael O. Rabin
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:M_O_Rabin.jpg">
<img alt="Michael O. Rabin" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="800" data-file-width="544" decoding="async" height="118" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/M_O_Rabin.jpg/120px-M_O_Rabin.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/M_O_Rabin.jpg/250px-M_O_Rabin.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
"For their joint paper '
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Finite_Automata" title="Finite Automata">
Finite Automata
</a>
and Their Decision Problem',
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37">
<a href="#cite_note-37">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
37
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
which introduced the idea of
<a href="/wiki/Nondeterministic_finite_automaton" title="Nondeterministic finite automaton">
nondeterministic machines
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38">
<a href="#cite_note-38">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
38
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39">
<a href="#cite_note-39">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
39
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rabin_40-0">
<a href="#cite_note-rabin-40">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
40
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-scott_41-0">
<a href="#cite_note-scott-41">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
41
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">
Princeton University
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Scott, Dana">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Dana_Scott" title="Dana Scott">
Dana Scott
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Scott_Dana_small.jpg">
<img alt="Dana Scott" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="930" data-file-width="717" decoding="async" height="104" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Scott_Dana_small.jpg/120px-Scott_Dana_small.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Scott_Dana_small.jpg/250px-Scott_Dana_small.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">
University of Chicago
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1977
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Backus, John">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/John_Backus" title="John Backus">
John Backus
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:John_Backus_2.jpg">
<img alt="John Backus" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="356" data-file-width="238" decoding="async" height="120" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/John_Backus_2.jpg/120px-John_Backus_2.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/John_Backus_2.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For profound, influential, and lasting contributions to the design of practical high-level programming systems, notably through his work on
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/FORTRAN" title="FORTRAN">
FORTRAN
</a>
, and for seminal publication of formal procedures for the specification of
<a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">
programming languages
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42">
<a href="#cite_note-42">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
42
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-backus_43-0">
<a href="#cite_note-backus-43">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
43
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">
IBM
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1978
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Floyd, Robert W.">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Floyd" title="Robert W. Floyd">
Robert W. Floyd
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td align="center">
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg">
<img class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1" data-file-width="1" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/120px-No_image.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/250px-No_image.svg.png 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For having a clear influence on methodologies for the creation of efficient and reliable software, and for helping to found the following important subfields of
<a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">
computer science
</a>
: the theory of
<a href="/wiki/Parsing" title="Parsing">
parsing
</a>
, the
<a href="/wiki/Semantics" title="Semantics">
semantics
</a>
of programming languages, automatic
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Program_verification" title="Program verification">
program verification
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Automatic_programming" title="Automatic programming">
automatic program synthesis
</a>
, and
<a href="/wiki/Analysis_of_algorithms" title="Analysis of algorithms">
analysis of algorithms
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44">
<a href="#cite_note-44">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
44
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45">
<a href="#cite_note-45">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
45
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">
Carnegie Mellon University
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">
Stanford University
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1979
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Iverson, Kenneth E.">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Iverson" title="Kenneth E. Iverson">
Kenneth E. Iverson
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td align="center">
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg">
<img class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1" data-file-width="1" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/120px-No_image.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/250px-No_image.svg.png 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For his pioneering effort in programming languages and mathematical notation resulting in what the computing field now knows as
<a href="/wiki/APL_(programming_language)" title="APL (programming language)">
APL
</a>
, for his contributions to the implementation of interactive systems, to educational uses of APL, and to programming language theory and practice"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46">
<a href="#cite_note-46">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
46
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-iverson_47-0">
<a href="#cite_note-iverson-47">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
47
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">
IBM
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1980
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Hoare, Tony">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Tony_Hoare" title="Tony Hoare">
Tony Hoare
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Sir_Tony_Hoare_IMG_5125.jpg">
<img alt="Tony Hoare" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="3744" data-file-width="3744" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sir_Tony_Hoare_IMG_5125.jpg/120px-Sir_Tony_Hoare_IMG_5125.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sir_Tony_Hoare_IMG_5125.jpg/250px-Sir_Tony_Hoare_IMG_5125.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For his fundamental contributions to the definition and design of programming languages"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48">
<a href="#cite_note-48">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
48
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hoare_49-0">
<a href="#cite_note-hoare-49">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
49
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">
Queen's University Belfast
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">
University of Oxford
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1981
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Codd, Edgar F.">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Edgar_F._Codd" title="Edgar F. Codd">
Edgar F. Codd
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td align="center">
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg">
<img class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1" data-file-width="1" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/120px-No_image.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/250px-No_image.svg.png 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For his fundamental and continuing contributions to the theory and practice of database management systems"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-50">
<a href="#cite_note-50">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
50
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-codd_51-0">
<a href="#cite_note-codd-51">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
51
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">
IBM
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1982
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Cook, Stephen">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cook" title="Stephen Cook">
Stephen Cook
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Prof.Cook_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Stephen Cook" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="375" data-file-width="229" decoding="async" height="131" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Prof.Cook_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Prof.Cook_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Prof.Cook_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
For "his advancement of our understanding of the complexity of computation in a significant and profound way"; the citation in particular mentions his paper "The Complexity of Theorem Proving Procedures," which is credited with founding the theory of
<a href="/wiki/NP-completeness" title="NP-completeness">
NP-completeness
</a>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-52">
<a href="#cite_note-52">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
52
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cook_53-0">
<a href="#cite_note-cook-53">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
53
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">
University of Toronto
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup">
1983
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Ritchie, Dennis">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie" title="Dennis Ritchie">
Dennis Ritchie
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Dennis_Ritchie_2011.jpg">
<img alt="Dennis Ritchie" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="717" data-file-width="558" decoding="async" height="103" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dennis_Ritchie_2011.jpg/120px-Dennis_Ritchie_2011.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dennis_Ritchie_2011.jpg/250px-Dennis_Ritchie_2011.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
"For their development of generic operating systems theory and specifically for the implementation of the
<a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">
UNIX
</a>
operating system"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Thompson_54-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Thompson-54">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
54
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ritchie_55-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Ritchie-55">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
55
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
<a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">
Bell Labs
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Thompson, Ken">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Ken_Thompson_(computer_programmer)" title="Ken Thompson (computer programmer)">
Ken Thompson
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Ken_Thompson_02.jpg">
<img alt="Ken Thompson" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="255" data-file-width="220" decoding="async" height="93" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ken_Thompson_02.jpg/120px-Ken_Thompson_02.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Ken_Thompson_02.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1984
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Wirth, Niklaus">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Niklaus_Wirth" title="Niklaus Wirth">
Niklaus Wirth
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Niklaus_Wirth,_UrGU_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Niklaus Wirth" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="389" data-file-width="306" decoding="async" height="102" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Niklaus_Wirth%2C_UrGU_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Niklaus_Wirth%2C_UrGU_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Niklaus_Wirth%2C_UrGU_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Niklaus_Wirth%2C_UrGU_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For developing a sequence of innovative computer languages,
<a href="/wiki/Euler_(programming_language)" title="Euler (programming language)">
EULER
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/ALGOL_W" title="ALGOL W">
ALGOL-W
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Modula" title="Modula">
MODULA
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">
PASCAL
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wirth_56-0">
<a href="#cite_note-wirth-56">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
56
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">
Stanford University
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">
University of Zurich
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" title="ETH Zurich">
ETH Zurich
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1985
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Karp, Richard M.">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Karp" title="Richard M. Karp">
Richard M. Karp
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Karp_mg_7725-b.cr2.jpg">
<img alt="Richard M. Karp" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="2003" data-file-width="2000" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Karp_mg_7725-b.cr2.jpg/120px-Karp_mg_7725-b.cr2.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Karp_mg_7725-b.cr2.jpg/250px-Karp_mg_7725-b.cr2.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For his continuing contributions to the theory of algorithms including the development of efficient algorithms for
<a href="/wiki/Network_flow_problem" title="Network flow problem">
network flow
</a>
and other
<a href="/wiki/Combinatorial_optimization" title="Combinatorial optimization">
combinatorial optimization
</a>
problems, the identification of
<a href="/wiki/P_(complexity)" title="P (complexity)">
polynomial-time computability
</a>
with the intuitive notion of algorithmic efficiency, and, most notably, contributions to the theory of
<a href="/wiki/NP-completeness" title="NP-completeness">
NP-completeness
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-karp_57-0">
<a href="#cite_note-karp-57">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
57
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">
University of California, Berkeley
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup">
1986
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Hopcroft, John">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/John_Hopcroft" title="John Hopcroft">
John Hopcroft
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Hopcrofg_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="John Hopcroft" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="672" data-file-width="523" decoding="async" height="103" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Hopcrofg_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Hopcrofg_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Hopcrofg_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Hopcrofg_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
"For fundamental achievements in the design and analysis of algorithms and data structures"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hopcroft_58-0">
<a href="#cite_note-hopcroft-58">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
58
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tarjan_59-0">
<a href="#cite_note-tarjan-59">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
59
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">
Cornell University
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Tarjan, Robert">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Robert_Tarjan" title="Robert Tarjan">
Robert Tarjan
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Bob_Tarjan.jpg">
<img alt="Robert Tarjan" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1371" data-file-width="918" decoding="async" height="119" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bob_Tarjan.jpg/120px-Bob_Tarjan.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bob_Tarjan.jpg/250px-Bob_Tarjan.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">
Stanford University
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">
Cornell University
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">
University of California, Berkeley
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">
Princeton University
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1987
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Cocke, John">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/John_Cocke_(computer_scientist)" title="John Cocke (computer scientist)">
John Cocke
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td align="center">
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg">
<img class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1" data-file-width="1" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/120px-No_image.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/250px-No_image.svg.png 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For significant contributions in the design and theory of
<a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">
compilers
</a>
, the architecture of large systems and the development of
<a href="/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computer" title="Reduced instruction set computer">
reduced instruction set computers
</a>
(RISC); for discovering and systematizing many fundamental transformations now used in
<a href="/wiki/Optimizing_compiler" title="Optimizing compiler">
optimizing compilers
</a>
including
<a href="/wiki/Strength_reduction" title="Strength reduction">
reduction of operator strength
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Common_subexpression_elimination" title="Common subexpression elimination">
elimination of common subexpressions
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Register_allocation" title="Register allocation">
register allocation
</a>
,
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Constant_propagation" title="Constant propagation">
constant propagation
</a>
, and
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Dead_code_elimination" title="Dead code elimination">
dead code elimination
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cocke_60-0">
<a href="#cite_note-cocke-60">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
60
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">
IBM
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1988
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Sutherland, Ivan">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">
Ivan Sutherland
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Ivan_Sutherland_at_CHM.jpg">
<img alt="Ivan Sutherland" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="564" data-file-width="420" decoding="async" height="107" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ivan_Sutherland_at_CHM.jpg/120px-Ivan_Sutherland_at_CHM.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ivan_Sutherland_at_CHM.jpg/250px-Ivan_Sutherland_at_CHM.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For his pioneering and visionary contributions to
<a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">
computer graphics
</a>
, starting with
<a href="/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad">
Sketchpad
</a>
, and continuing after"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sutherland_61-0">
<a href="#cite_note-sutherland-61">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
61
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">
Stanford University
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">
Harvard University
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">
University of Utah
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">
California Institute of Technology
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1989
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Kahan, William">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/William_Kahan" title="William Kahan">
William Kahan
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:William_Kahan_2008_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="William Kahan" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1933" data-file-width="1416" decoding="async" height="109" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/William_Kahan_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-William_Kahan_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/William_Kahan_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-William_Kahan_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For his fundamental contributions to
<a href="/wiki/Numerical_analysis" title="Numerical analysis">
numerical analysis
</a>
" and as "one of the foremost experts on
<a href="/wiki/Floating-point_arithmetic" title="Floating-point arithmetic">
floating-point computations
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kahan_62-0">
<a href="#cite_note-kahan-62">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
62
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">
University of California, Berkeley
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1990
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Corbató, Fernando J.">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Fernando_J._Corbat%C3%B3" title="Fernando J. Corbató">
Fernando J. Corbató
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Fernando_Corbato.jpg">
<img alt="Fernando J. Corbató" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="379" data-file-width="324" decoding="async" height="94" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Fernando_Corbato.jpg/120px-Fernando_Corbato.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Fernando_Corbato.jpg/250px-Fernando_Corbato.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For his pioneering work organizing the concepts and leading the development of the general-purpose, large-scale,
<a href="/wiki/Time-sharing" title="Time-sharing">
time-sharing
</a>
and resource-sharing computer systems,
<a href="/wiki/Compatible_Time-Sharing_System" title="Compatible Time-Sharing System">
CTSS
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Multics" title="Multics">
Multics
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-corbato_63-0">
<a href="#cite_note-corbato-63">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
63
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1991
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Milner, Robin">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Robin_Milner" title="Robin Milner">
Robin Milner
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td align="center">
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg">
<img class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1" data-file-width="1" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/120px-No_image.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/250px-No_image.svg.png 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
The award citation mentions three primary contributions: his mechanization of the
<a href="/wiki/Logic_of_Computable_Functions" title="Logic of Computable Functions">
Logic of Computable Functions
</a>
; the programming language
<a href="/wiki/ML_(programming_language)" title="ML (programming language)">
ML
</a>
including its
<a href="/wiki/Type_inference" title="Type inference">
type inference
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Type_safety" title="Type safety">
type safety
</a>
; the
<a href="/wiki/Calculus_of_communicating_systems" title="Calculus of communicating systems">
calculus of communicating systems
</a>
; as well as the connection between
<a href="/wiki/Operational_semantics" title="Operational semantics">
operational
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Denotational_semantics" title="Denotational semantics">
denotational
</a>
<a href="/wiki/Semantics" title="Semantics">
semantics
</a>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-64">
<a href="#cite_note-64">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
64
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-milner_65-0">
<a href="#cite_note-milner-65">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
65
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">
Stanford University
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">
University of Edinburgh
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1992
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Lampson, Butler">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Butler_Lampson" title="Butler Lampson">
Butler Lampson
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Professional_Developers_Conference_2009_Technical_Leaders_Panel_6_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Butler Lampson" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1884" data-file-width="1388" decoding="async" height="109" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Professional_Developers_Conference_2009_Technical_Leaders_Panel_6_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Professional_Developers_Conference_2009_Technical_Leaders_Panel_6_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Professional_Developers_Conference_2009_Technical_Leaders_Panel_6_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Professional_Developers_Conference_2009_Technical_Leaders_Panel_6_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For contributions to the development of distributed, personal computing environments and the technology for their implementation:
<a href="/wiki/Workstation" title="Workstation">
workstations
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">
networks
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">
operating systems
</a>
, programming systems,
<a href="/wiki/Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">
displays
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">
security
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">
document publishing
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-lampson_66-0">
<a href="#cite_note-lampson-66">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
66
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Xerox_PARC" title="Xerox PARC">
PARC
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">
DEC
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup">
1993
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Hartmanis, Juris">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Juris_Hartmanis" title="Juris Hartmanis">
Juris Hartmanis
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Juris_Hartmanis(2002).jpg">
<img alt="Juris Hartmanis" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="512" data-file-width="384" decoding="async" height="107" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Juris_Hartmanis%282002%29.jpg/120px-Juris_Hartmanis%282002%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Juris_Hartmanis%282002%29.jpg/250px-Juris_Hartmanis%282002%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
"In recognition of their seminal paper
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-67">
<a href="#cite_note-67">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
67
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
which established the foundations for the field of
<a href="/wiki/Computational_complexity_theory" title="Computational complexity theory">
computational complexity theory
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-68">
<a href="#cite_note-68">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
68
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hartmanis_69-0">
<a href="#cite_note-hartmanis-69">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
69
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-stearns_70-0">
<a href="#cite_note-stearns-70">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
70
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
General Electric Research Laboratory (now under
<a href="/wiki/Groupe_Bull" title="Groupe Bull">
Groupe Bull
</a>
, an
<a href="/wiki/Atos" title="Atos">
Atos
</a>
company)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Stearns, Richard E.">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Stearns" title="Richard E. Stearns">
Richard E. Stearns
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Dick_Stearns_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Richard E. Stearns" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="480" data-file-width="300" decoding="async" height="128" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dick_Stearns_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Dick_Stearns_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dick_Stearns_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Dick_Stearns_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup">
1994
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Feigenbaum, Edward">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Edward_Feigenbaum" title="Edward Feigenbaum">
Edward Feigenbaum
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:27._Dr._Edward_A._Feigenbaum_1994-1997.jpg">
<img alt="Edward A. Feigenbaum" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1456" data-file-width="1180" decoding="async" height="99" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/27._Dr._Edward_A._Feigenbaum_1994-1997.jpg/120px-27._Dr._Edward_A._Feigenbaum_1994-1997.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/27._Dr._Edward_A._Feigenbaum_1994-1997.jpg/250px-27._Dr._Edward_A._Feigenbaum_1994-1997.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
"For pioneering the design and construction of large scale artificial intelligence systems, demonstrating the practical importance and potential commercial impact of artificial intelligence technology"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-71">
<a href="#cite_note-71">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
71
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-feigenbaum_72-0">
<a href="#cite_note-feigenbaum-72">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
72
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-reddy_73-0">
<a href="#cite_note-reddy-73">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
73
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">
Stanford University
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Reddy, Raj">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Raj_Reddy" title="Raj Reddy">
Raj Reddy
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:ProfReddys_Photo_Cropped.jpg">
<img alt="Raj Reddy" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="751" data-file-width="835" decoding="async" height="72" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/ProfReddys_Photo_Cropped.jpg/120px-ProfReddys_Photo_Cropped.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/ProfReddys_Photo_Cropped.jpg/250px-ProfReddys_Photo_Cropped.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">
Stanford University
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">
Carnegie Mellon University
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1995
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Blum, Manuel">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Manuel_Blum" title="Manuel Blum">
Manuel Blum
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Blum_manuel_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Manuel Blum" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="368" data-file-width="309" decoding="async" height="95" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Blum_manuel_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Blum_manuel_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Blum_manuel_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Blum_manuel_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"In recognition of his contributions to the foundations of
<a href="/wiki/Computational_complexity_theory" title="Computational complexity theory">
computational complexity theory
</a>
and its application to
<a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">
cryptography
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Formal_verification" title="Formal verification">
program checking
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Blum_74-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Blum-74">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
74
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">
University of California, Berkeley
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1996
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Pnueli, Amir">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Amir_Pnueli" title="Amir Pnueli">
Amir Pnueli
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Amir_Pnueli.jpg">
<img alt="Amir Pnueli" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="480" data-file-width="436" decoding="async" height="88" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Amir_Pnueli.jpg/120px-Amir_Pnueli.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Amir_Pnueli.jpg/250px-Amir_Pnueli.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For seminal work introducing
<a href="/wiki/Temporal_logic" title="Temporal logic">
temporal logic
</a>
into computing science and for outstanding contributions to program and system
<a href="/wiki/Formal_verification" title="Formal verification">
verification
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Pnueli_75-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Pnueli-75">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
75
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">
Stanford University
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">
Tel Aviv University
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Weizmann_Institute_of_Science" title="Weizmann Institute of Science">
Weizmann Institute of Science
</a>
<br/>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Courant_Institute_of_Mathematical_Sciences" title="Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences">
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1997
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Engelbart, Douglas">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart" title="Douglas Engelbart">
Douglas Engelbart
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Douglas_Engelbart_in_2008.jpg">
<img alt="Douglas Engelbart" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1496" data-file-width="1212" decoding="async" height="99" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Douglas_Engelbart_in_2008.jpg/120px-Douglas_Engelbart_in_2008.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Douglas_Engelbart_in_2008.jpg/250px-Douglas_Engelbart_in_2008.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For an inspiring vision of the future of interactive computing and the invention of key technologies to help realize this vision"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Engelbart_76-0">
<a href="#cite_note-Engelbart-76">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
76
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/SRI_International" title="SRI International">
SRI International
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Tymshare" title="Tymshare">
Tymshare
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">
McDonnell Douglas
</a>
<br/>
Bootstrap Institute/Alliance,
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-77">
<a href="#cite_note-77">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
77
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<br/>
The Doug Engelbart Institute
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1998
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Gray, Jim">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Jim_Gray_(computer_scientist)" title="Jim Gray (computer scientist)">
Jim Gray
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Jim_Gray_Computing_in_the_21st_Century_2006_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Jim Gray" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="245" data-file-width="146" decoding="async" height="134" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Jim_Gray_Computing_in_the_21st_Century_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Jim_Gray_Computing_in_the_21st_Century_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Jim_Gray_Computing_in_the_21st_Century_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For seminal contributions to
<a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">
database
</a>
and
<a href="/wiki/Transaction_processing" title="Transaction processing">
transaction processing
</a>
research and technical leadership in system implementation"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-gray_78-0">
<a href="#cite_note-gray-78">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
78
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">
IBM
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">
Microsoft
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
1999
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Brooks, Fred">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Fred_Brooks" title="Fred Brooks">
Fred Brooks
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Fred_Brooks_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Fred Brooks" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="802" data-file-width="610" decoding="async" height="105" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Fred_Brooks_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Fred_Brooks_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Fred_Brooks_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Fred_Brooks_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For landmark contributions to
<a href="/wiki/Computer_architecture" title="Computer architecture">
computer architecture
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">
operating systems
</a>
, and software engineering"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-brooks_79-0">
<a href="#cite_note-brooks-79">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
79
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">
IBM
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
2000
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Yao, Andrew">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yao" title="Andrew Yao">
Andrew Yao
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Andrew_Yao_MFO_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Andrew Yao" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="126" data-file-width="71" decoding="async" height="142" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Andrew_Yao_MFO_%28cropped%29.jpg" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"In recognition of his fundamental contributions to the
<a href="/wiki/Theory_of_computation" title="Theory of computation">
theory of computation
</a>
, including the complexity-based theory of
<a href="/wiki/Pseudorandom_number_generator" title="Pseudorandom number generator">
pseudorandom number generation
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">
cryptography
</a>
, and
<a href="/wiki/Communication_complexity" title="Communication complexity">
communication complexity
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-yao_80-0">
<a href="#cite_note-yao-80">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
80
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">
Stanford University
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">
University of California, Berkeley
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">
Princeton University
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2" scope="row">
2001
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Dahl, Ole-Johan">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Ole-Johan_Dahl" title="Ole-Johan Dahl">
Ole-Johan Dahl
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td align="center">
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg">
<img class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1" data-file-width="1" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/120px-No_image.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/250px-No_image.svg.png 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
"For ideas fundamental to the emergence of
<a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">
object-oriented programming
</a>
, through their design of the programming languages
<a href="/wiki/Simula" title="Simula">
Simula I and Simula 67
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dahl_81-0">
<a href="#cite_note-dahl-81">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
81
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nygaard_82-0">
<a href="#cite_note-nygaard-82">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
82
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
<a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Computing_Center" title="Norwegian Computing Center">
Norwegian Computing Center
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">
University of Oslo
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Nygaard, Kristen">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Kristen_Nygaard" title="Kristen Nygaard">
Kristen Nygaard
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Kristen-Nygaard-SBLP-1997-head.png">
<img alt="Kristen Nygaard" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="392" data-file-width="280" decoding="async" height="112" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kristen-Nygaard-SBLP-1997-head.png/120px-Kristen-Nygaard-SBLP-1997-head.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kristen-Nygaard-SBLP-1997-head.png/250px-Kristen-Nygaard-SBLP-1997-head.png 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="3" scope="rowgroup">
2002
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Adleman, Leonard">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Leonard_Adleman" title="Leonard Adleman">
Leonard Adleman
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Len-mankin-pic.jpg">
<img alt="Leonard Adleman" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1640" data-file-width="1045" decoding="async" height="126" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Len-mankin-pic.jpg/120px-Len-mankin-pic.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Len-mankin-pic.jpg/250px-Len-mankin-pic.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="3">
"For
<a href="/wiki/RSA_cryptosystem" title="RSA cryptosystem">
their ingenious contribution
</a>
for making
<a href="/wiki/Public-key_cryptography" title="Public-key cryptography">
public-key cryptography
</a>
useful in practice"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rivest_83-0">
<a href="#cite_note-rivest-83">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
83
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-shamir_84-0">
<a href="#cite_note-shamir-84">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
84
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-adleman_85-0">
<a href="#cite_note-adleman-85">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
85
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">
University of Southern California
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Rivest, Ron">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Ron_Rivest" title="Ron Rivest">
Ron Rivest
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Ronald_L_Rivest_photo.jpg">
<img alt="Ron Rivest" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="604" data-file-width="604" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ronald_L_Rivest_photo.jpg/120px-Ronald_L_Rivest_photo.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ronald_L_Rivest_photo.jpg/250px-Ronald_L_Rivest_photo.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Shamir, Adi">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Adi_Shamir" title="Adi Shamir">
Adi Shamir
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Adi_Shamir_at_TU_Darmstadt_(2013).jpg">
<img alt="Adi Shamir" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="2048" data-file-width="1365" decoding="async" height="120" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Adi_Shamir_at_TU_Darmstadt_%282013%29.jpg/120px-Adi_Shamir_at_TU_Darmstadt_%282013%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Adi_Shamir_at_TU_Darmstadt_%282013%29.jpg/250px-Adi_Shamir_at_TU_Darmstadt_%282013%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
2003
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Kay, Alan">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Alan_Kay" title="Alan Kay">
Alan Kay
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Alan_Kay_(3097597186)_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Alan Kay" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1180" data-file-width="851" decoding="async" height="111" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Alan_Kay_%283097597186%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Alan_Kay_%283097597186%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Alan_Kay_%283097597186%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Alan_Kay_%283097597186%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For pioneering many of the ideas at the root of contemporary
<a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">
object-oriented programming
</a>
languages, leading the team that developed
<a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">
Smalltalk
</a>
, and for fundamental contributions to personal computing"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kay_86-0">
<a href="#cite_note-kay-86">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
86
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">
University of Utah
</a>
<br/>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Xerox_PARC" title="Xerox PARC">
PARC
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">
Stanford University
</a>
<br/>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Atari_Inc." title="Atari Inc.">
Atari
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">
Apple
</a>
<a href="/wiki/Apple_Advanced_Technology_Group" title="Apple Advanced Technology Group">
ATG
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Imagineering" title="Walt Disney Imagineering">
Walt Disney Imagineering
</a>
<br/>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Viewpoints_Research_Institute" title="Viewpoints Research Institute">
Viewpoints Research Institute
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">
HP
</a>
<a href="/wiki/HP_Labs" title="HP Labs">
Labs
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup">
2004
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Cerf, Vint">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">
Vint Cerf
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Dr_Vint_Cerf_ForMemRS_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Vint Cerf" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="960" data-file-width="720" decoding="async" height="107" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dr_Vint_Cerf_ForMemRS_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Dr_Vint_Cerf_ForMemRS_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dr_Vint_Cerf_ForMemRS_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Dr_Vint_Cerf_ForMemRS_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
"For pioneering work on
<a href="/wiki/Internetworking" title="Internetworking">
internetworking
</a>
, including the design and implementation of the Internet's basic communications protocols,
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/TCP/IP" title="TCP/IP">
TCP/IP
</a>
, and for inspired leadership in networking"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cerf_87-0">
<a href="#cite_note-cerf-87">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
87
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kahn_88-0">
<a href="#cite_note-kahn-88">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
88
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">
University of California, Los Angeles
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">
Stanford University
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">
DARPA
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/MCI_Communications" title="MCI Communications">
MCI
</a>
(now under
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Verizon_Communications" title="Verizon Communications">
Verizon
</a>
)
<br/>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/CNRI" title="CNRI">
CNRI
</a>
, Google
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Kahn, Bob">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" title="Bob Kahn">
Bob Kahn
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Bob_Kahn.jpg">
<img alt="Bob Kahn" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="2614" data-file-width="2255" decoding="async" height="93" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bob_Kahn.jpg/120px-Bob_Kahn.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bob_Kahn.jpg/250px-Bob_Kahn.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
</a>
<br/>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Bolt_Beranek_and_Newman" title="Bolt Beranek and Newman">
Bolt Beranek and Newman
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">
DARPA
</a>
<br/>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/CNRI" title="CNRI">
CNRI
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
2005
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Naur, Peter">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Peter_Naur" title="Peter Naur">
Peter Naur
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Peternaur.JPG">
<img alt="Peter Naur" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1118" data-file-width="839" decoding="async" height="107" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Peternaur.JPG/120px-Peternaur.JPG" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Peternaur.JPG/250px-Peternaur.JPG 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For fundamental contributions to
<a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">
programming language
</a>
design and the definition of
<a href="/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL">
ALGOL 60
</a>
, to
<a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">
compiler
</a>
design, and to the art and practice of computer programming"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-naur_89-0">
<a href="#cite_note-naur-89">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
89
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Regnecentralen" title="Regnecentralen">
Regnecentralen
</a>
(now under
<a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">
Fujitsu
</a>
)
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen" title="University of Copenhagen">
University of Copenhagen
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
2006
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Allen, Frances">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Frances_Allen" title="Frances Allen">
Frances Allen
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Allen_mg_2528-3750K-b.jpg">
<img alt="Frances Allen" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="2912" data-file-width="2912" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Allen_mg_2528-3750K-b.jpg/120px-Allen_mg_2528-3750K-b.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Allen_mg_2528-3750K-b.jpg/250px-Allen_mg_2528-3750K-b.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For pioneering contributions to the theory and practice of optimizing compiler techniques that laid the foundation for modern optimizing compilers and
<a href="/wiki/Automatic_parallelization" title="Automatic parallelization">
automatic parallel execution
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-allen_90-0">
<a href="#cite_note-allen-90">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
90
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">
IBM
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="3" scope="rowgroup">
2007
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Clarke, Edmund M.">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Edmund_M._Clarke" title="Edmund M. Clarke">
Edmund M. Clarke
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Edmund_Clarke_FLoC_2006_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Edmund M. Clarke" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="304" data-file-width="206" decoding="async" height="118" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Edmund_Clarke_FLoC_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Edmund_Clarke_FLoC_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Edmund_Clarke_FLoC_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="3">
"For their role in developing
<a href="/wiki/Model_checking" title="Model checking">
Model-Checking
</a>
into a highly effective verification technology that is widely adopted in the hardware and software industries"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-91">
<a href="#cite_note-91">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
91
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-clarke_92-0">
<a href="#cite_note-clarke-92">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
92
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-emerson_93-0">
<a href="#cite_note-emerson-93">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
93
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sifakis_94-0">
<a href="#cite_note-sifakis-94">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
94
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">
Harvard University
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">
Carnegie Mellon University
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Emerson, E. Allen">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/E._Allen_Emerson" title="E. Allen Emerson">
E. Allen Emerson
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:E-allen-emerson_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="E. Allen Emerson" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="570" data-file-width="513" decoding="async" height="89" src="assets/120px-E-allen-emerson_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/E-allen-emerson_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-E-allen-emerson_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">
Harvard University
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">
University of Texas at Austin
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Sifakis, Joseph">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sifakis" title="Joseph Sifakis">
Joseph Sifakis
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Sifakis_2018.jpg">
<img alt="Joseph Sifakis" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1780" data-file-width="1772" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Joseph_Sifakis_2018.jpg/120px-Joseph_Sifakis_2018.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Joseph_Sifakis_2018.jpg/250px-Joseph_Sifakis_2018.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/CNRS" title="CNRS">
French National Centre for Scientific Research
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
2008
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Liskov, Barbara">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Barbara_Liskov" title="Barbara Liskov">
Barbara Liskov
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Barbara_Liskov_MIT_computer_scientist_2010.jpg">
<img alt="Barbara Liskov" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="2600" data-file-width="1857" decoding="async" height="112" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Barbara_Liskov_MIT_computer_scientist_2010.jpg/120px-Barbara_Liskov_MIT_computer_scientist_2010.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Barbara_Liskov_MIT_computer_scientist_2010.jpg/250px-Barbara_Liskov_MIT_computer_scientist_2010.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For contributions to practical and theoretical foundations of programming language and system design, especially related to
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Data_abstraction" title="Data abstraction">
data abstraction
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Fault_tolerance" title="Fault tolerance">
fault tolerance
</a>
, and
<a href="/wiki/Distributed_computing" title="Distributed computing">
distributed computing
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-liskov_14-1">
<a href="#cite_note-liskov-14">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
14
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
2009
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Thacker, Charles P.">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Charles_P._Thacker" title="Charles P. Thacker">
Charles P. Thacker
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Chuckthacker_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Charles P. Thacker" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="2327" data-file-width="1770" decoding="async" height="105" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Chuckthacker_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Chuckthacker_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Chuckthacker_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Chuckthacker_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For the pioneering design and realization of the first modern personal computer — the
<a href="/wiki/Xerox_Alto" title="Xerox Alto">
Alto at Xerox PARC
</a>
— and seminal inventions and contributions to
<a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">
local area networks
</a>
(including the
<a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">
Ethernet
</a>
), multiprocessor workstations, snooping
<a href="/wiki/Cache_coherence" title="Cache coherence">
cache coherence
</a>
protocols, and
<a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">
tablet personal computers
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-thacker_95-0">
<a href="#cite_note-thacker-95">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
95
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Xerox_PARC" title="Xerox PARC">
PARC
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">
DEC
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">
Microsoft
</a>
<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Research" title="Microsoft Research">
Research
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
2010
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Valiant, Leslie">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Leslie_Valiant" title="Leslie Valiant">
Leslie Valiant
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Leslie_Valiant_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Leslie Valiant" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="129" data-file-width="82" decoding="async" height="126" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Leslie_Valiant_%28cropped%29.jpg" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For transformative contributions to the
<a href="/wiki/Theory_of_computation" title="Theory of computation">
theory of computation
</a>
, including the theory of
<a href="/wiki/Probably_approximately_correct_learning" title="Probably approximately correct learning">
probably approximately correct (PAC) learning
</a>
, the complexity of enumeration and of
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Algebraic_computation" title="Algebraic computation">
algebraic computation
</a>
, and the theory of parallel and distributed computing"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-valiant_96-0">
<a href="#cite_note-valiant-96">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
96
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">
Harvard University
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
2011
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Pearl, Judea">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Judea_Pearl" title="Judea Pearl">
Judea Pearl
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Judea_Pearl_at_NIPS_2013_(11781981594)_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Judea Pearl" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="626" data-file-width="479" decoding="async" height="105" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Judea_Pearl_at_NIPS_2013_%2811781981594%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Judea_Pearl_at_NIPS_2013_%2811781981594%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Judea_Pearl_at_NIPS_2013_%2811781981594%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Judea_Pearl_at_NIPS_2013_%2811781981594%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For fundamental contributions to artificial intelligence through the development of a calculus for probabilistic and causal reasoning"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-97">
<a href="#cite_note-97">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
97
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-98">
<a href="#cite_note-98">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
98
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">
University of California, Los Angeles
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Institute_of_Technology" title="New Jersey Institute of Technology">
New Jersey Institute of Technology
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup">
2012
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Goldwasser, Shafi">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Shafi_Goldwasser" title="Shafi Goldwasser">
Shafi Goldwasser
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Shafi_Goldwasser.JPG">
<img alt="Shafi Goldwasser" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="945" data-file-width="945" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Shafi_Goldwasser.JPG/120px-Shafi_Goldwasser.JPG" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Shafi_Goldwasser.JPG/250px-Shafi_Goldwasser.JPG 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
"For transformative work that laid the complexity-theoretic foundations for the science of cryptography, and in the process pioneered new methods for efficient verification of mathematical proofs in complexity theory"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-goldwasser_15-1">
<a href="#cite_note-goldwasser-15">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
15
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-99">
<a href="#cite_note-99">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
99
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-micali_100-0">
<a href="#cite_note-micali-100">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
100
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Weizmann_Institute_of_Science" title="Weizmann Institute of Science">
Weizmann Institute of Science
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Micali, Silvio">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Silvio_Micali" title="Silvio Micali">
Silvio Micali
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Silvio_Micali_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Silvio Micali" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="720" data-file-width="455" decoding="async" height="127" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Silvio_Micali_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Silvio_Micali_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Silvio_Micali_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Silvio_Micali_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
2013
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Lamport, Leslie">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">
Leslie Lamport
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Leslie_Lamport.jpg">
<img alt="Leslie Lamport" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="500" data-file-width="393" decoding="async" height="102" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Leslie_Lamport.jpg/120px-Leslie_Lamport.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Leslie_Lamport.jpg/250px-Leslie_Lamport.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For fundamental contributions to the theory and practice of distributed and concurrent systems, notably the invention of concepts such as causality and
<a href="/wiki/Logical_clock" title="Logical clock">
logical clocks
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Safety_and_liveness_properties" title="Safety and liveness properties">
safety and liveness
</a>
,
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Replicated_state_machine" title="Replicated state machine">
replicated state machines
</a>
, and
<a href="/wiki/Sequential_consistency" title="Sequential consistency">
sequential consistency
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-101">
<a href="#cite_note-101">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
101
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-102">
<a href="#cite_note-102">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
102
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-lamport_103-0">
<a href="#cite_note-lamport-103">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
103
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Computer_Associates" title="Massachusetts Computer Associates">
Massachusetts Computer Associates
</a>
(now under Essig PLM)
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/SRI_International" title="SRI International">
SRI International
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">
DEC
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">
Compaq
</a>
(now under
<a href="/wiki/HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">
HP
</a>
)
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">
Microsoft
</a>
<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Research" title="Microsoft Research">
Research
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
2014
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Stonebraker, Michael">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Michael_Stonebraker" title="Michael Stonebraker">
Michael Stonebraker
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Michael_Stonebraker_P1120062.jpg">
<img alt="Michael Stonebraker" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="3456" data-file-width="4320" decoding="async" height="64" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Michael_Stonebraker_P1120062.jpg/120px-Michael_Stonebraker_P1120062.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Michael_Stonebraker_P1120062.jpg/250px-Michael_Stonebraker_P1120062.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For fundamental contributions to the concepts and practices underlying modern database systems"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-104">
<a href="#cite_note-104">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
104
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-stonebraker_105-0">
<a href="#cite_note-stonebraker-105">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
105
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">
University of California, Berkeley
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup">
2015
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Diffie, Whitfield">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Whitfield_Diffie" title="Whitfield Diffie">
Whitfield Diffie
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Whitfield_Diffie_Royal_Society_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Whitfield Diffie" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="471" data-file-width="460" decoding="async" height="82" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Whitfield_Diffie_Royal_Society_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Whitfield_Diffie_Royal_Society_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Whitfield_Diffie_Royal_Society_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Whitfield_Diffie_Royal_Society_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
"For inventing and promulgating both asymmetric public-key cryptography, including its application to digital signatures, and a practical cryptographic key-exchange method
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DiffieHellman1976_106-0">
<a href="#cite_note-DiffieHellman1976-106">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
106
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-diffie_107-0">
<a href="#cite_note-diffie-107">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
107
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hellman_108-0">
<a href="#cite_note-hellman-108">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
108
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
<a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">
Stanford University
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Hellman, Martin">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Martin_Hellman" title="Martin Hellman">
Martin Hellman
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Martin-Hellman.jpg">
<img alt="Martin Hellman" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="280" data-file-width="240" decoding="async" height="93" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Martin-Hellman.jpg/120px-Martin-Hellman.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Martin-Hellman.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
2016
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Berners-Lee, Tim">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">
Tim Berners-Lee
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Tim Berners-Lee" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="713" data-file-width="570" decoding="async" height="100" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For inventing the
<a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">
World Wide Web
</a>
, the first
<a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">
web browser
</a>
, and the fundamental protocols and algorithms allowing the Web to scale"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-berners-lee_109-0">
<a href="#cite_note-berners-lee-109">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
109
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">
CERN
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">
World Wide Web Consortium
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup">
2017
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Hennessy, John L.">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/John_L._Hennessy" title="John L. Hennessy">
John L. Hennessy
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:John_L_Hennessy_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="John L. Hennessy" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="864" data-file-width="653" decoding="async" height="106" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/John_L_Hennessy_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-John_L_Hennessy_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/John_L_Hennessy_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-John_L_Hennessy_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
"For pioneering a systematic, quantitative approach to the design and evaluation of computer architectures with enduring impact on the
<a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">
microprocessor
</a>
industry"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-110">
<a href="#cite_note-110">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
110
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hennessy_111-0">
<a href="#cite_note-hennessy-111">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
111
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-patterson_112-0">
<a href="#cite_note-patterson-112">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
112
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">
Stanford University
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Patterson, David">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/David_Patterson_(computer_scientist)" title="David Patterson (computer scientist)">
David Patterson
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:David_A_Patterson_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="David Patterson" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="200" data-file-width="200" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/David_A_Patterson_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-David_A_Patterson_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/David_A_Patterson_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">
University of California, Berkeley
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="3" scope="rowgroup">
2018
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Bengio, Yoshua">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Yoshua_Bengio" title="Yoshua Bengio">
Yoshua Bengio
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Yoshua_Bengio_-_2017.jpg">
<img alt="Yoshua Bengio" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1985" data-file-width="1385" decoding="async" height="115" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Yoshua_Bengio_-_2017.jpg/120px-Yoshua_Bengio_-_2017.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Yoshua_Bengio_-_2017.jpg/250px-Yoshua_Bengio_-_2017.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="3">
"For conceptual and engineering breakthroughs that have made
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Deep_neural_networks" title="Deep neural networks">
deep neural networks
</a>
a critical component of computing"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-113">
<a href="#cite_note-113">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
113
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bengio_114-0">
<a href="#cite_note-bengio-114">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
114
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hinton_115-0">
<a href="#cite_note-hinton-115">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
115
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-lecun_116-0">
<a href="#cite_note-lecun-116">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
116
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<span title="French-language text">
<span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">
<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Université de Montréal">
Université de Montréal
</a>
</span>
</span>
,
<a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">
McGill University
</a>
,
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Mila_(research_institute)" title="Mila (research institute)">
Mila
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Hinton, Geoffrey">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">
Geoffrey Hinton
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Geoffrey_Hinton_-_Collision_2023_-_Centre_Stage_RCZ_1307_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Geoffrey Hinton" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1529" data-file-width="1358" decoding="async" height="90" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Geoffrey_Hinton_-_Collision_2023_-_Centre_Stage_RCZ_1307_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Geoffrey_Hinton_-_Collision_2023_-_Centre_Stage_RCZ_1307_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Geoffrey_Hinton_-_Collision_2023_-_Centre_Stage_RCZ_1307_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Geoffrey_Hinton_-_Collision_2023_-_Centre_Stage_RCZ_1307_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">
University of Toronto
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">
University of California, San Diego
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">
Carnegie Mellon University
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">
University College London
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">
University of Edinburgh
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Google_AI" title="Google AI">
Google AI
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="LeCun, Yann">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Yann_LeCun" title="Yann LeCun">
Yann LeCun
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Yann_LeCun_-_2018_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Yann LeCun" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1490" data-file-width="1297" decoding="async" height="92" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Yann_LeCun_-_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Yann_LeCun_-_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Yann_LeCun_-_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Yann_LeCun_-_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">
University of Toronto
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">
Bell Labs
</a>
<br/>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Courant_Institute_of_Mathematical_Sciences" title="Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences">
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">
New York University
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Meta_AI" title="Meta AI">
Meta AI
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup">
2019
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Catmull, Edwin">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Edwin_Catmull" title="Edwin Catmull">
Edwin Catmull
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:VES_Awards_89_cropped.jpg">
<img alt="Edwin Catmull" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="750" data-file-width="590" decoding="async" height="102" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/VES_Awards_89_cropped.jpg/120px-VES_Awards_89_cropped.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/VES_Awards_89_cropped.jpg/250px-VES_Awards_89_cropped.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
"For fundamental contributions to
<a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">
3D computer graphics
</a>
, and the impact of
<a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">
computer-generated imagery
</a>
(CGI) in filmmaking and other applications"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-117">
<a href="#cite_note-117">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
117
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-catmull_118-0">
<a href="#cite_note-catmull-118">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
118
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hanrahan_119-0">
<a href="#cite_note-hanrahan-119">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
119
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">
University of Utah
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">
Pixar
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Animation_Studios" title="Walt Disney Animation Studios">
Walt Disney Animation Studios
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Hanrahan, Pat">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Pat_Hanrahan" title="Pat Hanrahan">
Pat Hanrahan
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Pat_Hanrahan_Tableau_Customer_Conference_2009.jpg">
<img alt="Pat Hanrahan" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1024" data-file-width="680" decoding="async" height="120" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Pat_Hanrahan_Tableau_Customer_Conference_2009.jpg/120px-Pat_Hanrahan_Tableau_Customer_Conference_2009.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Pat_Hanrahan_Tableau_Customer_Conference_2009.jpg/250px-Pat_Hanrahan_Tableau_Customer_Conference_2009.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">
Pixar
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">
Princeton University
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">
Stanford University
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup">
2020
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Aho, Alfred">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Alfred_Aho" title="Alfred Aho">
Alfred Aho
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td align="center">
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg">
<img class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1" data-file-width="1" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/120px-No_image.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/250px-No_image.svg.png 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
"For fundamental algorithms and theory underlying programming language implementation and for synthesizing these results and those of others in their highly influential books, which educated generations of computer scientists"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-120">
<a href="#cite_note-120">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
120
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aho_121-0">
<a href="#cite_note-aho-121">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
121
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ullman_122-0">
<a href="#cite_note-ullman-122">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
122
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">
Bell Labs
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">
Columbia University
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Ullman, Jeffrey">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Ullman" title="Jeffrey Ullman">
Jeffrey Ullman
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td align="center">
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg">
<img class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1" data-file-width="1" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/120px-No_image.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/250px-No_image.svg.png 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">
Bell Labs
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">
Princeton University
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">
Stanford University
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
2021
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Dongarra, Jack">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Jack_Dongarra" title="Jack Dongarra">
Jack Dongarra
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Jack-dongarra-2022.jpg">
<img alt="Jack Dongarra" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1280" data-file-width="1024" decoding="async" height="100" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Jack-dongarra-2022.jpg/120px-Jack-dongarra-2022.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Jack-dongarra-2022.jpg/250px-Jack-dongarra-2022.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For pioneering contributions to numerical algorithms and libraries that enabled high performance computational software to keep pace with exponential hardware improvements for over four decades"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-123">
<a href="#cite_note-123">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
123
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dongarra_124-0">
<a href="#cite_note-dongarra-124">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
124
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">
Argonne National Laboratory
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">
University of Manchester
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University" title="Texas A&amp;M University">
Texas A&amp;M University
</a>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University_Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Texas A&amp;M University Institute for Advanced Study">
Institute for Advanced Study
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee" title="University of Tennessee">
University of Tennessee
</a>
<br/>
<a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">
Rice University
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
2022
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Metcalfe, Robert">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">
Robert Metcalfe
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:With_Bob_Metcalfe_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Robert Metcalfe" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="486" data-file-width="355" decoding="async" height="110" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/With_Bob_Metcalfe_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-With_Bob_Metcalfe_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/With_Bob_Metcalfe_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-With_Bob_Metcalfe_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For the invention, standardization, and commercialization of
<a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">
Ethernet
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-metcalfe_125-0">
<a href="#cite_note-metcalfe-125">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
125
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">
Harvard University
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/PARC_(company)" title="PARC (company)">
Xerox PARC
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">
University of Texas at Austin
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
2023
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Wigderson, Avi">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Avi_Wigderson" title="Avi Wigderson">
Avi Wigderson
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Avi_Wigderson_(London_2012)_Cropped.jpg">
<img alt="Avi Wigderson" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="288" data-file-width="229" decoding="async" height="101" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Avi_Wigderson_%28London_2012%29_Cropped.jpg/120px-Avi_Wigderson_%28London_2012%29_Cropped.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Avi_Wigderson_%28London_2012%29_Cropped.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
"For foundational contributions to the theory of computation, including reshaping our understanding of the role of randomness in computation and mathematics, and for his decades of intellectual leadership in theoretical computer science"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wigderson_126-0">
<a href="#cite_note-wigderson-126">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
126
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-127">
<a href="#cite_note-127">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
127
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">
Institute for Advanced Study
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">
Princeton University
</a>
,
<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup">
2024
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Barto, Andrew">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Andrew_Barto" title="Andrew Barto">
Andrew Barto
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td align="center">
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg">
<img class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1" data-file-width="1" decoding="async" height="80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/120px-No_image.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/250px-No_image.svg.png 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
"For developing the conceptual and algorithmic foundations of
<a href="/wiki/Reinforcement_learning" title="Reinforcement learning">
reinforcement learning
</a>
"
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BartoSutton_3-1">
<a href="#cite_note-BartoSutton-3">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
3
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-128">
<a href="#cite_note-128">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
128
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-129">
<a href="#cite_note-129">
<span class="cite-bracket">
[
</span>
129
<span class="cite-bracket">
]
</span>
</a>
</sup>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Amherst" title="University of Massachusetts Amherst">
University of Massachusetts Amherst
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Sutton, Richard S.">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Sutton" title="Richard S. Sutton">
Richard S. Sutton
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Richard_Sutton,_October_27,_2016.jpg">
<img alt="Richard S. Sutton" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="467" data-file-width="371" decoding="async" height="101" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Richard_Sutton%2C_October_27%2C_2016.jpg/120px-Richard_Sutton%2C_October_27%2C_2016.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Richard_Sutton%2C_October_27%2C_2016.jpg/250px-Richard_Sutton%2C_October_27%2C_2016.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/University_of_Alberta" title="University of Alberta">
University of Alberta
</a>
<br/>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Amii_(research_institute)" title="Amii (research institute)">
Amii
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup">
2025
</th>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Bennett, Charles H.">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Bennett_(physicist)" title="Charles H. Bennett (physicist)">
Charles H. Bennett
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td align="center">
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Dr._Charles_Bennett_IBM_Fellow_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Charles H. Bennett" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="400" data-file-width="272" decoding="async" height="118" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Dr._Charles_Bennett_IBM_Fellow_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Dr._Charles_Bennett_IBM_Fellow_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Dr._Charles_Bennett_IBM_Fellow_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Dr._Charles_Bennett_IBM_Fellow_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">
"For their essential role in igniting and shaping the quantum revolution in computer science and in information and communications technology."
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-130">
<a href="#cite_note-130">
<span class="cite-bracket">
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</span>
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</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/IBM_Research" title="IBM Research">
IBM Research
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span data-sort-value="Brassard, Gilles">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">
<a href="/wiki/Gilles_Brassard" title="Gilles Brassard">
Gilles Brassard
</a>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span typeof="mw:File">
<a class="mw-file-description" href="/wiki/File:Gilles_Brassard_(2019)_(cropped).jpg">
<img alt="Gilles Brassard" class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="2499" data-file-width="1689" decoding="async" height="118" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Gilles_Brassard_%282019%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Gilles_Brassard_%282019%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Gilles_Brassard_%282019%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Gilles_Brassard_%282019%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="80"/>
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Université de Montréal">
Université de Montréal
</a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
<h2 id="See_also">
See also
</h2>
<span class="mw-editsection">
<span class="mw-editsection-bracket">
[
</span>
<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turing_Award&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: See also">
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edit
</span>
</a>
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<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">
Fields Medal
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ACM_Prize_in_Computing" title="ACM Prize in Computing">
ACM Prize in Computing
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/IEEE_John_von_Neumann_Medal" title="IEEE John von Neumann Medal">
IEEE John von Neumann Medal
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_named_after_people" title="List of awards named after people">
List of awards named after people
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_science_awards" title="List of computer science awards">
List of computer science awards
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_computer-related_awards" title="List of computer-related awards">
List of computer-related awards
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/List_of_pioneers_in_computer_science" title="List of pioneers in computer science">
List of pioneers in computer science
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery#Awards" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
List of ACM Awards
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/List_of_prizes_known_as_the_Nobel_or_the_highest_honors_of_a_field" title="List of prizes known as the Nobel or the highest honors of a field">
List of prizes known as the Nobel or the highest honors of a field
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
<h2 id="References">
References
</h2>
<span class="mw-editsection">
<span class="mw-editsection-bracket">
[
</span>
<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turing_Award&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References">
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^
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<sup>
<i>
<b>
a
</b>
</i>
</sup>
</a>
<a href="#cite_ref-million_1-1">
<sup>
<i>
<b>
b
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</i>
</sup>
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</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1333433106">
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<cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFCACM_Staff2014">
CACM Staff (2014).
<span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">
<a class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2685372" rel="nofollow">
"ACM's Turing Award prize raised to $1 million"
</a>
</span>
.
<i>
Communications of the ACM
</i>
.
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</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109212306/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/liskov_1108679.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-goldwasser-15">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
^
<a href="#cite_ref-goldwasser_15-0">
<sup>
<i>
<b>
a
</b>
</i>
</sup>
</a>
<a href="#cite_ref-goldwasser_15-1">
<sup>
<i>
<b>
b
</b>
</i>
</sup>
</a>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
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<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFCharles_Rackoff">
Charles Rackoff.
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"Shafi Goldwasser - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
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.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
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<li id="cite_note-16">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-16">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFPerlis1967">
Perlis, A. J. (1967).
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F321371.321372" rel="nofollow">
"The Synthesis of Algorithmic Systems"
</a>
.
<i>
Journal of the ACM
</i>
.
<b>
14
</b>
:
<span class="nowrap">
1–
</span>
9.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">
doi
</a>
:
<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F321371.321372" rel="nofollow">
10.1145/321371.321372
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.
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S2CID
</a>
<a class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12937998" rel="nofollow">
12937998
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.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+ACM&amp;rft.atitle=The+Synthesis+of+Algorithmic+Systems&amp;rft.volume=14&amp;rft.pages=1-9&amp;rft.date=1967&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F321371.321372&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A12937998%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Perlis&amp;rft.aufirst=A.+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F321371.321372&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
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<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-perlis_17-0">
^
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<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFDavid_Nofre">
David Nofre.
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"Alan J Perlis - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
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Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
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</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-18">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFWilkes1968">
Wilkes, M. V. (1968).
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F321439.321440" rel="nofollow">
"Computers then and Now"
</a>
.
<i>
Journal of the ACM
</i>
.
<b>
15
</b>
:
<span class="nowrap">
1–
</span>
7.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">
doi
</a>
:
<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F321439.321440" rel="nofollow">
10.1145/321439.321440
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.
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S2CID
</a>
<a class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9846847" rel="nofollow">
9846847
</a>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+ACM&amp;rft.atitle=Computers+then+and+Now&amp;rft.volume=15&amp;rft.pages=1-7&amp;rft.date=1968&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F321439.321440&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9846847%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Wilkes&amp;rft.aufirst=M.+V.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F321439.321440&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-wilkes-19">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-wilkes_19-0">
^
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<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFMartin_Campbell-Kelly">
Martin Campbell-Kelly.
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"Maurice V. Wilkes - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
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.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
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</li>
<li id="cite_note-20">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-20">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFHamming1969">
Hamming, R. W. (1969).
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F321495.321497" rel="nofollow">
"One Man's View of Computer Science"
</a>
.
<i>
Journal of the ACM
</i>
.
<b>
16
</b>
:
<span class="nowrap">
3–
</span>
12.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">
doi
</a>
:
<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F321495.321497" rel="nofollow">
10.1145/321495.321497
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S2CID
</a>
<a class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6868310" rel="nofollow">
6868310
</a>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+ACM&amp;rft.atitle=One+Man%27s+View+of+Computer+Science&amp;rft.volume=16&amp;rft.pages=3-12&amp;rft.date=1969&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F321495.321497&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6868310%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Hamming&amp;rft.aufirst=R.+W.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F321495.321497&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
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<li id="cite_note-hamming-21">
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<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-hamming_21-0">
^
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<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFEdmund_F._Robertson">
Edmund F. Robertson.
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"Richard W. Hamming - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
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Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
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<li id="cite_note-22">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-22">
^
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</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFMinsky1970">
Minsky, M. (1970).
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F321574.321575" rel="nofollow">
"Form and Content in Computer Science (1970 ACM turing lecture)"
</a>
.
<i>
Journal of the ACM
</i>
.
<b>
17
</b>
(2):
<span class="nowrap">
197–
</span>
215.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">
doi
</a>
:
<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F321574.321575" rel="nofollow">
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S2CID
</a>
<a class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15661281" rel="nofollow">
15661281
</a>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+ACM&amp;rft.atitle=Form+and+Content+in+Computer+Science+%281970+ACM+turing+lecture%29&amp;rft.volume=17&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=197-215&amp;rft.date=1970&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F321574.321575&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A15661281%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Minsky&amp;rft.aufirst=M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F321574.321575&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-minsky-23">
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<b>
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Patrick Henry Winston.
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Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
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</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-24">
^
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</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFWilkinson1971">
Wilkinson, J. H. (1971).
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F321637.321638" rel="nofollow">
"Some Comments from a Numerical Analyst"
</a>
.
<i>
Journal of the ACM
</i>
.
<b>
18
</b>
(2):
<span class="nowrap">
137–
</span>
147.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">
doi
</a>
:
<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F321637.321638" rel="nofollow">
10.1145/321637.321638
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S2CID
</a>
<a class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37748083" rel="nofollow">
37748083
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.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+ACM&amp;rft.atitle=Some+Comments+from+a+Numerical+Analyst&amp;rft.volume=18&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=137-147&amp;rft.date=1971&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F321637.321638&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A37748083%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Wilkinson&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+H.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F321637.321638&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-wilkinson-25">
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<b>
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^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
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<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFBeresford_Neill_Parlett">
Beresford Neill Parlett.
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Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
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</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-26">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
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<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F33447.33448" rel="nofollow">
10.1145/33447.33448
</a>
</span>
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Lester Earnest.
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"John Mccarthy - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
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Association for Computing Machinery
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Archived
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^
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<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F355604.361591" rel="nofollow">
10.1145/355604.361591
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"Edsger Wybe Dijkstra - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
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Association for Computing Machinery
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<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
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^
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10.1145/355611.362534
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Thomas Haigh.
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"Charles William Bachman - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
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^
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<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F361604.361612" rel="nofollow">
10.1145/361604.361612
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"Donald ("Don") Ervin Knuth - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
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.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
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Archived
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<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
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^
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<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F360018.360022" rel="nofollow">
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"Allen Newell - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
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Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
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Archived
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^
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Hunter Heyck.
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"Herbert ("Herb") Alexander Simon - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
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Archived
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<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
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^
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10.1147/rd.32.0114
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^
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10.1145/359810.359816
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^
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</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-52">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-52">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFCook1983">
Cook, S. A. (1983).
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F358141.358144" rel="nofollow">
"An overview of computational complexity"
</a>
.
<i>
Communications of the ACM
</i>
.
<b>
26
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(6):
<span class="nowrap">
400–
</span>
408.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">
doi
</a>
:
<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F358141.358144" rel="nofollow">
10.1145/358141.358144
</a>
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&amp;rft.atitle=An+overview+of+computational+complexity&amp;rft.volume=26&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=400-408&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F358141.358144&amp;rft.aulast=Cook&amp;rft.aufirst=S.+A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F358141.358144&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-cook-53">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-cook_53-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFBruce_Kapron">
Bruce Kapron.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cook_n991950.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Stephen Arthur Cook - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191021042959/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cook_n991950.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
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<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Stephen+Arthur+Cook+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Bruce+Kapron&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fcook_n991950.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Thompson-54">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-Thompson_54-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFTom_Van_Vleck">
Tom Van Vleck.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/thompson_4588371.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"A.M. Turing Award Laureate – Kenneth Lane Thompson"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190809072519/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/thompson_4588371.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on August 9, 2019
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
November 4,
</span>
2018
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate+%E2%80%93+Kenneth+Lane+Thompson&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Tom+Van+Vleck&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fthompson_4588371.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Ritchie-55">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-Ritchie_55-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFTom_Van_Vleck">
Tom Van Vleck.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/ritchie_1506389.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"A.M. Turing Award Laureate – Dennis M. Ritchie"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020112748/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/ritchie_1506389.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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November 4,
</span>
2018
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate+%E2%80%93+Dennis+M.+Ritchie&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Tom+Van+Vleck&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fritchie_1506389.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-wirth-56">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-wirth_56-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFThomas_Haigh">
Thomas Haigh.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wirth_1025774.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Niklaus E. Wirth - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170629084838/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wirth_1025774.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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from the original on June 29, 2017
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Niklaus+E.+Wirth+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Thomas+Haigh&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fwirth_1025774.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-karp-57">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-karp_57-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFB._SimonsD._Gusfield">
B. Simons; D. Gusfield.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/karp_3256708.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Richard ("Dick") Manning Karp - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170704175158/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/karp_3256708.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on July 4, 2017
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Richard+%28%22Dick%22%29+Manning+Karp+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=B.+Simons&amp;rft.au=D.+Gusfield&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fkarp_3256708.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-hopcroft-58">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-hopcroft_58-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1">
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hopcroft_1053917.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"John E. Hopcroft - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211027145715/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hopcroft_1053917.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
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</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-tarjan-59">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-tarjan_59-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFV._King">
V. King.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/tarjan_1092048.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Robert (Bob) Endre Tarjan - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171030003443/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/tarjan_1092048.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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from the original on October 30, 2017
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
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March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
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</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-cocke-60">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-cocke_60-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFMichael_G._BurkeVivek_Sarkar">
Michael G. Burke; Vivek Sarkar.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cocke_2083115.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"John Cocke - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111122/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cocke_2083115.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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. Retrieved
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</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
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</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-sutherland-61">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-sutherland_61-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFRobert_Burton">
Robert Burton.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sutherland_3467412.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Ivan Sutherland - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111129/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sutherland_3467412.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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from the original on October 29, 2021
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
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March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ivan+Sutherland+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Robert+Burton&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fsutherland_3467412.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-kahan-62">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-kahan_62-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFThomas_Haigh">
Thomas Haigh.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kahan_1023746.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"William ("Velvel") Morton Kahan - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111122/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kahan_1023746.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on October 29, 2021
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
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March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=William+%28%22Velvel%22%29+Morton+Kahan+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Thomas+Haigh&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fkahan_1023746.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-corbato-63">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-corbato_63-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFT._Van_Vleck">
T. Van Vleck.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/corbato_1009471.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Fernando J ("Corby") Corbato - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111126/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/corbato_1009471.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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<span class="reference-accessdate">
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March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Fernando+J+%28%22Corby%22%29+Corbato+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=T.+Van+Vleck&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fcorbato_1009471.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-64">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-64">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFMilner1993">
Milner, R. (1993).
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F151233.151240" rel="nofollow">
"Elements of interaction: Turing award lecture"
</a>
.
<i>
Communications of the ACM
</i>
.
<b>
36
</b>
:
<span class="nowrap">
78–
</span>
89.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">
doi
</a>
:
<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F151233.151240" rel="nofollow">
10.1145/151233.151240
</a>
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&amp;rft.atitle=Elements+of+interaction%3A+Turing+award+lecture&amp;rft.volume=36&amp;rft.pages=78-89&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F151233.151240&amp;rft.aulast=Milner&amp;rft.aufirst=R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F151233.151240&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
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<b>
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^
</a>
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<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFMichael_Fourman">
Michael Fourman.
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"Arthur John Robin Gorell ("Robin") Milner - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211117052919/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/milner_1569367.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-lampson-66">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
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^
</a>
</b>
</span>
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<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFRoy_Levin">
Roy Levin.
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"Butler W Lampson - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111124/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lampson_1142421.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-67">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-67">
^
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</span>
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<cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFHartmanisStearns1965">
Hartmanis, J.; Stearns, R. E. (1965).
<span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">
<a class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1994208" rel="nofollow">
"On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms"
</a>
</span>
.
<i>
Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
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285–
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306.
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:
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1994208" rel="nofollow">
10.2307/1994208
</a>
.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" title="ISSN (identifier)">
ISSN
</a>
<a class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9947" rel="nofollow">
0002-9947
</a>
.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" title="JSTOR (identifier)">
JSTOR
</a>
<a class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1994208" rel="nofollow">
1994208
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.
</cite>
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</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-68">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-68">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
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<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFStearns1994">
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"Turing Award lecture: It's time to reconsider time"
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Communications of the ACM
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95–
</span>
99.
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doi
</a>
:
<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F188280.188379" rel="nofollow">
10.1145/188280.188379
</a>
</span>
.
</cite>
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</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-hartmanis-69">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-hartmanis_69-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
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<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFAllan_Borodin">
Allan Borodin.
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"Juris Hartmanis - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240121135216/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hartmanis_1059260.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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2024
</span>
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</cite>
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</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-stearns-70">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-stearns_70-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
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<cite class="citation web cs1">
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"Richard ("Dick") Edwin Stearns - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240121135216/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/stearns_1081900.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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2024
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.
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</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-71">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-71">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
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"To dream the possible dream"
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<i>
Communications of the ACM
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105–
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doi
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<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F229459.233436" rel="nofollow">
10.1145/229459.233436
</a>
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.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&amp;rft.atitle=To+dream+the+possible+dream&amp;rft.volume=39&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.pages=105-112&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F229459.233436&amp;rft.aulast=Reddy&amp;rft.aufirst=R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F229459.233436&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
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<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
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^
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<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFNils_J._Nilsson">
Nils J. Nilsson.
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"Edward A ("Ed") Feigenbaum - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
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<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240122054812/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/feigenbaum_4167235.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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2024
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.
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</span>
</span>
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<li id="cite_note-reddy-73">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-reddy_73-0">
^
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<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFNils_J._Nilsson">
Nils J. Nilsson.
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"Dabbala Rajagopal ("Raj") Reddy - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
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.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231210050419/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/reddy_9634208.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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2024
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</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Blum-74">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-Blum_74-0">
^
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Christos H. Papadimitriou.
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"A.M. Turing Award Laureate – Manuel Blum"
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<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
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<li id="cite_note-Pnueli-75">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
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^
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Lenore Zuck.
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"A.M. Turing Award Laureate – Amir Pnueli"
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.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
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Archived
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<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
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^
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Thierry Bardini.
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"A.M. Turing Award Laureate – Douglas Engelbart"
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.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
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Archived
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</span>
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<li id="cite_note-77">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
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^
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<cite class="citation web cs1">
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</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-gray-78">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-gray_78-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFPaul_McJones">
Paul McJones.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/gray_3649936.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"James ("Jim") Nicholas Gray - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111125/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/gray_3649936.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on October 29, 2021
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=James+%28%22Jim%22%29+Nicholas+Gray+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Paul+McJones&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fgray_3649936.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-brooks-79">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-brooks_79-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFGrady_Booch">
Grady Booch.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/brooks_1002187.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Frederick ("Fred") Brooks - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111127/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/brooks_1002187.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on October 29, 2021
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Frederick+%28%22Fred%22%29+Brooks+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Grady+Booch&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fbrooks_1002187.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-yao-80">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-yao_80-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFBruce_Kapron">
Bruce Kapron.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/yao_1611524.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Andrew Chi-Chih Yao - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703221804/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/yao_1611524.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on July 3, 2017
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Andrew+Chi-Chih+Yao+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Bruce+Kapron&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fyao_1611524.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-dahl-81">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-dahl_81-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFAndrew_P._Black">
Andrew P. Black.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/dahl_6917600.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Ole-Johan Dahl - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211012080253/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/dahl_6917600.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on October 12, 2021
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ole-Johan+Dahl+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Andrew+P.+Black&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fdahl_6917600.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-nygaard-82">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-nygaard_82-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFOle_Lehrman_Madsen">
Ole Lehrman Madsen.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/nygaard_5916220.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Kristen Nygaard - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128055233/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/nygaard_5916220.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on November 28, 2023
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Kristen+Nygaard+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Ole+Lehrman+Madsen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fnygaard_5916220.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-rivest-83">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-rivest_83-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1">
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/rivest_1403005.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Ronald (Ron) Linn Rivest - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011044647/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/rivest_1403005.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on October 11, 2021
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ronald+%28Ron%29+Linn+Rivest+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Frivest_1403005.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-shamir-84">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-shamir_84-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1">
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/shamir_2327856.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Adi Shamir - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231210055322/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/shamir_2327856.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on December 10, 2023
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Adi+Shamir+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fshamir_2327856.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-adleman-85">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-adleman_85-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFJoseph_BebelShang-Hua_Teng">
Joseph Bebel; Shang-Hua Teng.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/adleman_7308544.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Leonard (Len) Max Adleman - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003102050/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/adleman_7308544.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on October 3, 2023
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Leonard+%28Len%29+Max+Adleman+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Joseph+Bebel&amp;rft.au=Shang-Hua+Teng&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fadleman_7308544.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-kay-86">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-kay_86-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFSusan_B._Barnes">
Susan B. Barnes.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kay_3972189.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Alan Kay - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011044645/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kay_3972189.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on October 11, 2021
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Alan+Kay+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Susan+B.+Barnes&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fkay_3972189.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-cerf-87">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-cerf_87-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFJanet_Abbate">
Janet Abbate.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cerf_1083211.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Vinton ("Vint") Gray Cerf - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011080741/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cerf_1083211.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on October 11, 2021
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Vinton+%28%22Vint%22%29+Gray+Cerf+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Janet+Abbate&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fcerf_1083211.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-kahn-88">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-kahn_88-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFJanet_Abbate">
Janet Abbate.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kahn_4598637.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Robert (Bob) Elliot Kahn - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190713004804/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kahn_4598637.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on July 13, 2019
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Robert+%28Bob%29+Elliot+Kahn+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Janet+Abbate&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fkahn_4598637.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-naur-89">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-naur_89-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFEdgar_G._Daylight">
Edgar G. Daylight.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/naur_1024454.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Peter Naur - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162724/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/naur_1024454.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on June 12, 2018
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Peter+Naur+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Edgar+G.+Daylight&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fnaur_1024454.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-allen-90">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-allen_90-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFGuy_Steele">
Guy Steele.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/allen_1012327.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Frances ("Fran") Elizabeth Allen - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407093736/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/allen_1012327.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on April 7, 2022
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Frances+%28%22Fran%22%29+Elizabeth+Allen+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Guy+Steele&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fallen_1012327.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-91">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-91">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1">
<a class="external text" href="http://www.ddj.com/206103622" rel="nofollow">
"2007 Turing Award Winners Announced"
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091102080853/http://www.ddj.com/206103622" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on November 2, 2009
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
December 9,
</span>
2008
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2007+Turing+Award+Winners+Announced&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ddj.com%2F206103622&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
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<li id="cite_note-clarke-92">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-clarke_92-0">
^
</a>
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<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFTed_Kirkpatrick">
Ted Kirkpatrick.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/clarke_1167964.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Edmund Melson Clarke - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240104191130/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/clarke_1167964.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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from the original on January 4, 2024
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Edmund+Melson+Clarke+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Ted+Kirkpatrick&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fclarke_1167964.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-emerson-93">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-emerson_93-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFThomas_Wahl">
Thomas Wahl.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/emerson_1671460.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"E. Allen Emerson - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240226045725/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/emerson_1671460.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on February 26, 2024
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=E.+Allen+Emerson+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Thomas+Wahl&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Femerson_1671460.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-sifakis-94">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
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^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFCristian_S._Calude">
Cristian S. Calude.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sifakis_1701095.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Joseph Sifakis - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128055236/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sifakis_1701095.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on November 28, 2023
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Joseph+Sifakis+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Cristian+S.+Calude&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fsifakis_1701095.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-thacker-95">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-thacker_95-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1">
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"Charles P. (Chuck) Thacker - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010203149/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/thacker_1336106.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on October 10, 2021
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Charles+P.+%28Chuck%29+Thacker+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fthacker_1336106.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-valiant-96">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-valiant_96-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1">
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"Leslie Gabriel Valiant - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211117052920/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/valiant_2612174.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on November 17, 2021
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Leslie+Gabriel+Valiant+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fvaliant_2612174.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-97">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-97">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFPearl2007">
Pearl, Judea (2007).
<a class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1283920.2351636" rel="nofollow">
<i>
ACM Turing Award Lectures
</i>
</a>
<span class="cs1-format">
(mp4)
</span>
.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">
doi
</a>
:
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F1283920" rel="nofollow">
10.1145/1283920
</a>
.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">
ISBN
</a>
<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4503-1049-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4503-1049-9">
<bdi>
978-1-4503-1049-9
</bdi>
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021071158/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1283920.2351636" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on October 21, 2020
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
November 16,
</span>
2020
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=ACM+Turing+Award+Lectures&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F1283920&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4503-1049-9&amp;rft.aulast=Pearl&amp;rft.aufirst=Judea&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdl.acm.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1145%2F1283920.2351636&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-98">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-98">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFStuart_J._Russell">
Stuart J. Russell.
<a class="external text" href="http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/pearl_2658896.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Judea Pearl - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170826024415/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/pearl_2658896.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on August 26, 2017
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 15,
</span>
2012
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Judea+Pearl+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Stuart+J.+Russell&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fpearl_2658896.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-99">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-99">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1">
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130318034311/http://www.acm.org/press-room/news-releases/2013/turing-award-12/" rel="nofollow">
"Turing award 2012"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
. Archived from
<a class="external text" href="http://www.acm.org/press-room/news-releases/2013/turing-award-12/" rel="nofollow">
the original
</a>
on March 18, 2013.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Turing+award+2012&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acm.org%2Fpress-room%2Fnews-releases%2F2013%2Fturing-award-12%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-micali-100">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-micali_100-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFAvi_Wigderson">
Avi Wigderson.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/micali_9954407.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Silvio Micali - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231211070649/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/micali_9954407.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on December 11, 2023
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Silvio+Micali+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Avi+Wigderson&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fmicali_9954407.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-101">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-101">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1">
<a class="external text" href="http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lamport_1205376.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Turing award 2013"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160116085443/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lamport_1205376.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on January 16, 2016
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 18,
</span>
2014
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Turing+award+2013&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Flamport_1205376.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-102">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-102">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFLamport1978">
<a href="/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">
Lamport, L.
</a>
(1978).
<a class="external text" href="http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf" rel="nofollow">
"Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system"
</a>
<span class="cs1-format">
(PDF)
</span>
.
<i>
<a href="/wiki/Communications_of_the_ACM" title="Communications of the ACM">
Communications of the ACM
</a>
</i>
.
<b>
21
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(7):
<span class="nowrap">
558–
</span>
565.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">
CiteSeerX
</a>
<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">
<a class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.155.4742" rel="nofollow">
10.1.1.155.4742
</a>
</span>
.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">
doi
</a>
:
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F359545.359563" rel="nofollow">
10.1145/359545.359563
</a>
.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" title="S2CID (identifier)">
S2CID
</a>
<a class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:215822405" rel="nofollow">
215822405
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081031234845/http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
<span class="cs1-format">
(PDF)
</span>
from the original on October 31, 2008
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
August 28,
</span>
2015
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.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&amp;rft.atitle=Time%2C+clocks%2C+and+the+ordering+of+events+in+a+distributed+system&amp;rft.volume=21&amp;rft.issue=7&amp;rft.pages=558-565&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.155.4742%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A215822405%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F359545.359563&amp;rft.aulast=Lamport&amp;rft.aufirst=L.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.microsoft.com%2Fusers%2Flamport%2Fpubs%2Ftime-clocks.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-lamport-103">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-lamport_103-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFDahlia_MalkhiMartin_AbadiHagit_AttiyaIdit_Keidar">
Dahlia Malkhi; Martin Abadi; Hagit Attiya; Idit Keidar; Nancy Lynch; Nir Shavit; George Varghese; Len Shustek.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lamport_1205376.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Leslie Lamport - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230601004222/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lamport_1205376.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
from the original on June 1, 2023
<span class="reference-accessdate">
. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">
March 4,
</span>
2024
</span>
.
</cite>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Leslie+Lamport+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft.au=Dahlia+Malkhi&amp;rft.au=Martin+Abadi&amp;rft.au=Hagit+Attiya&amp;rft.au=Idit+Keidar&amp;rft.au=Nancy+Lynch&amp;rft.au=Nir+Shavit&amp;rft.au=George+Varghese&amp;rft.au=Len+Shustek&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Flamport_1205376.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-104">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-104">
^
</a>
</b>
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"Turing award 2014"
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.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
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.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703233056/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/stonebraker_1172121.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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<li id="cite_note-stonebraker-105">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
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^
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<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFThomas_Haigh">
Thomas Haigh.
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"Michael Stonebreaker - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240125025344/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/stonebraker_1172121.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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<span class="reference-accessdate">
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March 4,
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2024
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.
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<li id="cite_note-DiffieHellman1976-106">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-DiffieHellman1976_106-0">
^
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<span class="reference-text">
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<cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFDiffieHellman1976">
Diffie, W.; Hellman, M. (1976).
<a class="external text" href="https://www-ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/publications/24.pdf" rel="nofollow">
"New directions in cryptography"
</a>
<span class="cs1-format">
(PDF)
</span>
.
<i>
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
</i>
.
<b>
22
</b>
(6):
<span class="nowrap">
644–
</span>
654.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" title="Bibcode (identifier)">
Bibcode
</a>
:
<a class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976ITIT...22..644D" rel="nofollow">
1976ITIT...22..644D
</a>
.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">
CiteSeerX
</a>
<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">
<a class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.37.9720" rel="nofollow">
10.1.1.37.9720
</a>
</span>
.
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">
doi
</a>
:
<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTIT.1976.1055638" rel="nofollow">
10.1109/TIT.1976.1055638
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203090237/https://www-ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/publications/24.pdf" rel="nofollow">
Archived
</a>
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(PDF)
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from the original on December 3, 2017
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March 4,
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2016
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</span>
</span>
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<li id="cite_note-diffie-107">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-diffie_107-0">
^
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<cite class="citation web cs1">
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"Cryptography Pioneers Receive 2015 ACM A.M. Turing Award"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170704184453/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/diffie_8371646.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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March 1,
</span>
2016
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.
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</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-hellman-108">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-hellman_108-0">
^
</a>
</b>
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<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFJeffrey_R._Yost">
Jeffrey R. Yost.
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"Martin Hellman - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220922011018/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hellman_4055781.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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March 4,
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2024
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.
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</span>
</span>
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<li id="cite_note-berners-lee-109">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
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^
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"Turing award 2016"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
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.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170406225836/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/berners-lee_8087960.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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2017
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</span>
</span>
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<li id="cite_note-110">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-110">
^
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</b>
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<cite class="citation web cs1">
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"Pioneers of Modern Computer Architecture Receive ACM A.M. Turing Award"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
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</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180325102258/https://www.acm.org/media-center/2018/march/turing-award-2017" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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<li id="cite_note-hennessy-111">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
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^
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<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFCharles_H._House">
Charles H. House.
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"John L Hennessy - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180322015732/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hennessy_1426931.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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March 4,
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2024
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</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-patterson-112">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-patterson_112-0">
^
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<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFCharles_H._House">
Charles H. House.
<a class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/patterson_2316693.cfm" rel="nofollow">
"Charles Patterson - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240107010154/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/patterson_2316693.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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2024
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</span>
</span>
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<li id="cite_note-113">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-113">
^
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<cite class="citation web cs1">
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"Fathers of the Deep Learning Revolution Receive ACM A.M. Turing Award"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210823144344/https://www.acm.org/media-center/2019/march/turing-award-2018" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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March 27,
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<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Fathers+of+the+Deep+Learning+Revolution+Receive+ACM+A.M.+Turing+Award&amp;rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acm.org%2Fmedia-center%2F2019%2Fmarch%2Fturing-award-2018&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award">
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<li id="cite_note-bengio-114">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
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^
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<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFThomas_Haigh">
Thomas Haigh.
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"Yoshua Bengio - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127124119/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/bengio_3406375.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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March 4,
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</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-hinton-115">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-hinton_115-0">
^
</a>
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</span>
<span class="reference-text">
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<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFThomas_Haigh">
Thomas Haigh.
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"Geoffrey E. Hinton - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211206160643/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hinton_4791679.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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March 4,
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</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-lecun-116">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-lecun_116-0">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
<span class="reference-text">
<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFThomas_Haigh">
Thomas Haigh.
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"Yann LeCun - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327011608/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lecun_6017366.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-117">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-117">
^
</a>
</b>
</span>
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Association for Computing Machinery
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"Edwin E. Catmull - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
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Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
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<b>
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^
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Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
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<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
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^
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Association for Computing Machinery
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Archived
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<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFThomas_Haigh">
Thomas Haigh.
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"Alfred Vaino Aho - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
</a>
.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240113155523/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/aho_1046358.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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2024
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Thomas Haigh.
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"Jeffrey David Ullman - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
</a>
.
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Association for Computing Machinery
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.
<a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240122054808/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/ullman_1054360.cfm" rel="nofollow">
Archived
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<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
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^
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.
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Archived
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<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
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^
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"Avi Wigderson of the Institute for Advanced Study is the recipient of the 2023 ACM A.M. Turing Award"
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<i>
awards.acm.org
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Archived
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</span>
</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-127">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
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<a href="#cite_ref-127">
^
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</span>
</span>
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<li id="cite_note-128">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-128">
^
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</b>
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<cite class="citation web cs1">
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</span>
</span>
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<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-129">
^
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<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1">
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</span>
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<span class="mw-cite-backlink">
<b>
<a href="#cite_ref-130">
^
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</b>
</span>
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<cite class="citation web cs1">
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"Charles H. Bennett and Gilles Brassard are the recipients of the 2025 ACM A.M. Turing Award for their essential role in establishing the foundations of quantum information science and transforming secure communication and computing"
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</span>
</span>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
<h2 id="Further_reading">
Further reading
</h2>
<span class="mw-editsection">
<span class="mw-editsection-bracket">
[
</span>
<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turing_Award&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading">
<span>
edit
</span>
</a>
<span class="mw-editsection-bracket">
]
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</span>
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<ul>
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<link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/>
<cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFAkmut2018">
Akmut, Camille (June 12, 2018).
<a class="external text" href="https://hal.science/halshs-01814132v1" rel="nofollow">
"Social conditions of outstanding contributions to computer science : a prosopography of Turing Award laureates (1966-2016)"
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.
</cite>
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<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0">
<div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Alan_Perlis" title="Alan Perlis">
Alan Perlis
</a>
(1966)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkes" title="Maurice Wilkes">
Maurice Wilkes
</a>
(1967)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Richard_Hamming" title="Richard Hamming">
Richard Hamming
</a>
(1968)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">
Marvin Minsky
</a>
(1969)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/James_H._Wilkinson" title="James H. Wilkinson">
James H. Wilkinson
</a>
(1970)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">
John McCarthy
</a>
(1971)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Edsger_W._Dijkstra" title="Edsger W. Dijkstra">
Edsger W. Dijkstra
</a>
(1972)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Charles_Bachman" title="Charles Bachman">
Charles Bachman
</a>
(1973)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">
Donald Knuth
</a>
(1974)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Allen_Newell" title="Allen Newell">
Allen Newell
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">
Herbert A. Simon
</a>
(1975)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Michael_O._Rabin" title="Michael O. Rabin">
Michael O. Rabin
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/Dana_Scott" title="Dana Scott">
Dana Scott
</a>
(1976)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/John_Backus" title="John Backus">
John Backus
</a>
(1977)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Floyd" title="Robert W. Floyd">
Robert W. Floyd
</a>
(1978)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Iverson" title="Kenneth E. Iverson">
Kenneth E. Iverson
</a>
(1979)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Tony_Hoare" title="Tony Hoare">
Tony Hoare
</a>
(1980)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Edgar_F._Codd" title="Edgar F. Codd">
Edgar F. Codd
</a>
(1981)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cook" title="Stephen Cook">
Stephen Cook
</a>
(1982)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie" title="Dennis Ritchie">
Dennis Ritchie
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/Ken_Thompson" title="Ken Thompson">
Ken Thompson
</a>
(1983)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Niklaus_Wirth" title="Niklaus Wirth">
Niklaus Wirth
</a>
(1984)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Karp" title="Richard M. Karp">
Richard Karp
</a>
(1985)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/John_Hopcroft" title="John Hopcroft">
John Hopcroft
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/Robert_Tarjan" title="Robert Tarjan">
Robert Tarjan
</a>
(1986)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/John_Cocke_(computer_scientist)" title="John Cocke (computer scientist)">
John Cocke
</a>
(1987)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">
Ivan Sutherland
</a>
(1988)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/William_Kahan" title="William Kahan">
William Kahan
</a>
(1989)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Fernando_J._Corbat%C3%B3" title="Fernando J. Corbató">
Fernando J. Corbató
</a>
(1990)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Robin_Milner" title="Robin Milner">
Robin Milner
</a>
(1991)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Butler_Lampson" title="Butler Lampson">
Butler Lampson
</a>
(1992)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Juris_Hartmanis" title="Juris Hartmanis">
Juris Hartmanis
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Stearns" title="Richard E. Stearns">
Richard E. Stearns
</a>
(1993)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Edward_Feigenbaum" title="Edward Feigenbaum">
Edward Feigenbaum
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/Raj_Reddy" title="Raj Reddy">
Raj Reddy
</a>
(1994)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Manuel_Blum" title="Manuel Blum">
Manuel Blum
</a>
(1995)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Amir_Pnueli" title="Amir Pnueli">
Amir Pnueli
</a>
(1996)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart" title="Douglas Engelbart">
Douglas Engelbart
</a>
(1997)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Jim_Gray_(computer_scientist)" title="Jim Gray (computer scientist)">
Jim Gray
</a>
(1998)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Fred_Brooks" title="Fred Brooks">
Fred Brooks
</a>
(1999)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yao" title="Andrew Yao">
Andrew Yao
</a>
(2000)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Ole-Johan_Dahl" title="Ole-Johan Dahl">
Ole-Johan Dahl
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/Kristen_Nygaard" title="Kristen Nygaard">
Kristen Nygaard
</a>
(2001)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Leonard_Adleman" title="Leonard Adleman">
Leonard Adleman
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/Ron_Rivest" title="Ron Rivest">
Ron Rivest
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/Adi_Shamir" title="Adi Shamir">
Adi Shamir
</a>
(2002)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Alan_Kay" title="Alan Kay">
Alan Kay
</a>
(2003)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">
Vint Cerf
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/Robert_Kahn_(computer_scientist)" title="Robert Kahn (computer scientist)">
Bob Kahn
</a>
(2004)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Peter_Naur" title="Peter Naur">
Peter Naur
</a>
(2005)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Frances_Allen" title="Frances Allen">
Frances Allen
</a>
(2006)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Edmund_M._Clarke" title="Edmund M. Clarke">
Edmund M. Clarke
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/E._Allen_Emerson" title="E. Allen Emerson">
E. Allen Emerson
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sifakis" title="Joseph Sifakis">
Joseph Sifakis
</a>
(2007)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Barbara_Liskov" title="Barbara Liskov">
Barbara Liskov
</a>
(2008)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Charles_P._Thacker" title="Charles P. Thacker">
Charles P. Thacker
</a>
(2009)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Leslie_Valiant" title="Leslie Valiant">
Leslie Valiant
</a>
(2010)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Judea_Pearl" title="Judea Pearl">
Judea Pearl
</a>
(2011)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Shafi_Goldwasser" title="Shafi Goldwasser">
Shafi Goldwasser
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/Silvio_Micali" title="Silvio Micali">
Silvio Micali
</a>
(2012)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">
Leslie Lamport
</a>
(2013)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Michael_Stonebraker" title="Michael Stonebraker">
Michael Stonebraker
</a>
(2014)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Whitfield_Diffie" title="Whitfield Diffie">
Whitfield Diffie
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/Martin_Hellman" title="Martin Hellman">
Martin Hellman
</a>
(2015)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">
Tim Berners-Lee
</a>
(2016)
</span>
</li>
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<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/John_L._Hennessy" title="John L. Hennessy">
John L. Hennessy
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/David_Patterson_(computer_scientist)" title="David Patterson (computer scientist)">
David Patterson
</a>
(2017)
</span>
</li>
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<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Yoshua_Bengio" title="Yoshua Bengio">
Yoshua Bengio
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">
Geoffrey Hinton
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/Yann_LeCun" title="Yann LeCun">
Yann LeCun
</a>
(2018)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Edwin_Catmull" title="Edwin Catmull">
Ed Catmull
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/Pat_Hanrahan" title="Pat Hanrahan">
Pat Hanrahan
</a>
(2019)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Alfred_Aho" title="Alfred Aho">
Alfred Aho
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Ullman" title="Jeffrey Ullman">
Jeffrey Ullman
</a>
(2020)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Jack_Dongarra" title="Jack Dongarra">
Jack Dongarra
</a>
(2021)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">
Robert Metcalfe
</a>
(2022)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Avi_Wigderson" title="Avi Wigderson">
Avi Wigderson
</a>
(2023)
</span>
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<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Andrew_Barto" title="Andrew Barto">
Andrew Barto
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Sutton" title="Richard S. Sutton">
Richard S. Sutton
</a>
(2024)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nowrap">
<a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Bennett_(physicist)" title="Charles H. Bennett (physicist)">
Charles H. Bennett
</a>
/
<a href="/wiki/Gilles_Brassard" title="Gilles Brassard">
Gilles Brassard
</a>
(2025)
</span>
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SIGACCESS
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SIGACT
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SIGAda
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SIGAI
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SIGAPP
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<a href="/wiki/ACM_SIGARCH" title="ACM SIGARCH">
SIGARCH
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SIGBED
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SIGBio
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SIGCAS
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<a href="/wiki/SIGCHI" title="SIGCHI">
SIGCHI
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<a href="/wiki/SIGCOMM" title="SIGCOMM">
SIGCOMM
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SIGCSE
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<a href="/wiki/Special_Interest_Group_on_Design_Automation" title="Special Interest Group on Design Automation">
SIGDA
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<li>
<a href="/wiki/SIGDOC" title="SIGDOC">
SIGDOC
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<li>
SIGecom
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<li>
<a href="/wiki/ACM_SIGEVO" title="ACM SIGEVO">
SIGEVO
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<li>
<a href="/wiki/ACM_SIGGRAPH" title="ACM SIGGRAPH">
SIGGRAPH
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<li>
<a href="/wiki/ACM_SIGHPC" title="ACM SIGHPC">
SIGHPC
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<li>
<a href="/wiki/Special_Interest_Group_on_Information_Retrieval" title="Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval">
SIGIR
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SIGITE
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SIGKDD
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SIGLOG
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SIGMETRICS
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SIGMICRO
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SIGMIS
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<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/SIGMM" title="SIGMM">
SIGMM
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SIGMOBILE
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SIGMOD
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<a href="/wiki/ACM_SIGOPS" title="ACM SIGOPS">
SIGOPS
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<a href="/wiki/SIGPLAN" title="SIGPLAN">
SIGPLAN
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<li>
SIGSAC
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<li>
<a href="/wiki/SIGSAM" title="SIGSAM">
SIGSAM
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SIGSIM
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<li>
<a href="/wiki/SIGSOFT" title="SIGSOFT">
SIGSOFT
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SIGSPATIAL
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<a href="/wiki/SIGUCCS" title="SIGUCCS">
SIGUCCS
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<a href="/wiki/ACM_SIGWEB" title="ACM SIGWEB">
SIGWEB
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<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery#Awards" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Awards
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ACM
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<ul>
<li>
<a class="mw-selflink selflink">
Turing Award
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ACM_Fellow" title="ACM Fellow">
ACM Fellowship
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ACM-AAAI_Allen_Newell_Award" title="ACM-AAAI Allen Newell Award">
ACM-AAAI Allen Newell Award
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery#Athena_Lectures" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Athena Lecturer Award
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Eckert%E2%80%93Mauchly_Award" title="Eckert–Mauchly Award">
Eckert–Mauchly Award
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ACM_Eugene_L._Lawler_Award" title="ACM Eugene L. Lawler Award">
Eugene L. Lawler Award
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ACM_Doctoral_Dissertation_Award" title="ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award">
ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Gordon_Bell_Prize" title="Gordon Bell Prize">
Gordon Bell Prize
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Grace_Murray_Hopper_Award" title="Grace Murray Hopper Award">
Grace Murray Hopper Award
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Ken_Kennedy_Award" title="Ken Kennedy Award">
Ken Kennedy Award
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Paris_Kanellakis_Award" title="Paris Kanellakis Award">
Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ACM_Prize_in_Computing" title="ACM Prize in Computing">
ACM Prize in Computing
</a>
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<a href="/wiki/ACM_Software_System_Award" title="ACM Software System Award">
ACM Software System Award
</a>
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<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/SIAM/ACM_Prize_in_Computational_Science_and_Engineering" title="SIAM/ACM Prize in Computational Science and Engineering">
SIAM/ACM Prize in Computational Science and Engineering
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CHI Academy
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Gödel Prize
</a>
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<li>
<a href="/wiki/Knuth_Prize" title="Knuth Prize">
Knuth Prize
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Steven_A._Coons_Award" title="Steven A. Coons Award">
Steven A. Coons Award
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Alonzo_Church_Award" title="Alonzo Church Award">
Alonzo Church Award
</a>
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<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery#Publications" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Publications
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<div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_ACM" title="Journal of the ACM">
Journal of the ACM
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Communications_of_the_ACM" title="Communications of the ACM">
Communications of the ACM
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/RISKS_Digest" title="RISKS Digest">
RISKS Digest
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ACM_Digital_Library" title="ACM Digital Library">
ACM Digital Library
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ACM_Computing_Surveys" title="ACM Computing Surveys">
ACM Computing Surveys
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Computers_in_Entertainment" title="Computers in Entertainment">
Computers in Entertainment
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ACM_Interactions" title="ACM Interactions">
ACM Interactions
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ACM_Queue" title="ACM Queue">
ACM Queue
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/XRDS_(magazine)" title="XRDS (magazine)">
ACM XRDS
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
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<tr>
<th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">
<a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery#Conferences" title="Association for Computing Machinery">
Conferences
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<div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ACM_Multimedia" title="ACM Multimedia">
ACM-MM
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/AAAI/ACM_Conference_on_AI,_Ethics,_and_Society" title="AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society">
AIES
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_Architectural_Support_for_Programming_Languages_and_Operating_Systems" title="International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems">
ASPLOS
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Conference_on_Human_Factors_in_Computing_Systems" title="Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems">
CHI
</a>
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DAC
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<a href="/wiki/ACM_Conference_on_Fairness,_Accountability,_and_Transparency" title="ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency">
FAccT
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FCRC
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FOGA
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GECCO
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<a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper_Celebration_of_Women_in_Computing" title="Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing">
GHC
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HOPL
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ICFP
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ISCA
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<a class="new" href="/w/index.php?title=International_Symposium_on_Memory_Management&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" title="International Symposium on Memory Management (page does not exist)">
ISMM
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<a href="/wiki/International_Symposium_on_Physical_Design" title="International Symposium on Physical Design">
ISPD
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<li>
<a href="/wiki/International_Symposium_on_Symbolic_and_Algebraic_Computation" title="International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation">
ISSAC
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<li>
<a href="/wiki/Joint_Conference_on_Digital_Libraries" title="Joint Conference on Digital Libraries">
JCDL
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<li>
<a href="/wiki/International_Symposium_on_Microarchitecture" title="International Symposium on Microarchitecture">
MICRO
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<li>
<a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_Mobile_Computing_and_Networking" title="International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking">
MobiCom
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<a href="/wiki/Programming_Language_Design_and_Implementation" title="Programming Language Design and Implementation">
PLDI
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<a href="/wiki/Symposium_on_Principles_of_Distributed_Computing" title="Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing">
PODC
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<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Symposium_on_Principles_of_Database_Systems" title="Symposium on Principles of Database Systems">
PODS
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<li>
<a href="/wiki/Symposium_on_Principles_of_Programming_Languages" title="Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages">
POPL
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ACM_Conference_on_Recommender_Systems" title="ACM Conference on Recommender Systems">
RecSys
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ACM/IEEE_Supercomputing_Conference" title="ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference">
SC
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SIGCOMM" title="SIGCOMM">
SIGCOMM
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SIGCSE_Technical_Symposium_on_Computer_Science_Education" title="SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education">
SIGCSE
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/SIGGRAPH" title="SIGGRAPH">
SIGGRAPH
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Symposium_on_Computational_Geometry" title="Symposium on Computational Geometry">
SoCG
</a>
</li>
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<a href="/wiki/Symposium_on_Discrete_Algorithms" title="Symposium on Discrete Algorithms">
SODA
</a>
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<li>
<a href="/wiki/Symposium_on_Operating_Systems_Principles" title="Symposium on Operating Systems Principles">
SOSP
</a>
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<li>
<a href="/wiki/Symposium_on_Parallelism_in_Algorithms_and_Architectures" title="Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures">
SPAA
</a>
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<li>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/SPLASH_(conference)" title="SPLASH (conference)">
SPLASH
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Symposium_on_Theory_of_Computing" title="Symposium on Theory of Computing">
STOC
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Richard_Tapia_Celebration_of_Diversity_in_Computing" title="Richard Tapia Celebration of Diversity in Computing">
TAPIA
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_User_Modeling,_Adaptation,_and_Personalization" title="International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization">
UMAP
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ACM_Symposium_on_User_Interface_Software_and_Technology" title="ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology">
UIST
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ACM/IEEE_Virtual_Reality_International_Conference" title="ACM/IEEE Virtual Reality International Conference">
VRIC
</a>
</li>
</ul>
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Educational programs
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<li>
<a href="/wiki/ACM-W" title="ACM-W">
ACM-W
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/International_Collegiate_Programming_Contest" title="International Collegiate Programming Contest">
ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/ACM_Student_Research_Competition" title="ACM Student Research Competition">
ACM Student Research Competition
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/wiki/Upsilon_Pi_Epsilon" title="Upsilon Pi Epsilon">
Upsilon Pi Epsilon
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
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