# documents

path: web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html
title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
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content:
John Bidwell - Wikipedia

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

American politician (1819–1900)

For the English botanist and explorer, see
[John Carne Bidwill](/wiki/John_Carne_Bidwill "John Carne Bidwill")
.


path: web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html
title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
url:
https://git.client.guacamolebox.net/butterfly/ragdocs/raw/branch/main/web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html

content:
| John Bidwell | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait by [Mathew Brady](/wiki/Mathew_Brady "Mathew Brady") c. 1865 | |
| | |
| Member of the [U.S. House of Representatives](/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives "United States House of Representatives") from [California](/wiki/California "California") 's [3rd](/wiki/California%27s_3rd_congressional_district "California's 3rd congressional district") district | |
| **In office** March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1867 | |
| Preceded by | *Constituency established* |
| Succeeded by | [James Johnson](/wiki/James_A._Johnson_(California_politician) "James A. Johnson (California politician)") |
| Member of the [California Senate](/wiki/California_Senate "California Senate") from the [Sacramento](/wiki/Sacramento,_California "Sacramento, California") district | |
| **In office** December 17, 1849 – January 6, 1851 | |
| Preceded by | *Constituency established* |
| Succeeded by | [Alonzo W. Adams](/wiki/Alonzo_W._Adams "Alonzo W. Adams") |
| [Alcalde](/wiki/Alcalde "Alcalde") of [Mission San Luis Rey](/wiki/Mission_San_Luis_Rey "Mission San Luis Rey") | |
| **In office** August 1846 – January 1847 | |
| Appointed by | [John C. Frémont](/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont "John C. Frémont") |
| | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | ( 1819-08-05 ) August 5, 1819 [Chautauqua County, New York](/wiki/Chautauqua_County,_New_York "Chautauqua County, New York") , U.S.


path: web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html
title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
url:
https://git.client.guacamolebox.net/butterfly/ragdocs/raw/branch/main/web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html

content:
|
| Died | April 4, 1900 (1900-04-04) (aged 80) [Chico, California](/wiki/Chico,_California "Chico, California") , U.S. |
| Resting place | Chico Cemetery |
| [Party](/wiki/Political_party "Political party") | [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States) "Democratic Party (United States)") (Before 1861) [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States) "Republican Party (United States)") (1861–1875) [Prohibition](/wiki/Prohibition_Party "Prohibition Party") (after 1875) |
| Other political affiliations | [National Union](/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States) "National Union Party (United States)") (1861–1868) [People's Independent](/wiki/Independent_politician "Independent politician") (1875) [Anti-Monopoly](/wiki/Anti-Monopoly_Party "Anti-Monopoly Party") (1875) |
| Spouse | [Annie Kennedy](/wiki/Annie_Bidwell "Annie Bidwell") ​ ( m. 1868) ​ |
| Signature | |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | [United States](/wiki/United_States "United States") [California Republic](/wiki/California_Republic "California Republic") |
| Rank | [Brigadier General](/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States) "Brigadier general (United States)") |
| Unit | [California Battalion](/wiki/California_Battalion "California Battalion") |
| Battles/wars | * [Mexican–American War](/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War "Mexican–American War") + [Bear Flag Revolt](/wiki/California_Republic "California Republic") |
| | |.


path: web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html
title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
content:
**John Bidwell**
(August 5, 1819 – April 4, 1900), known in
[Spanish](/wiki/Spanish_language "Spanish language")
as
**Don Juan Bidwell**
,
[[
1
]](#cite_note-1)
was an American pioneer, politician, and soldier. Bidwell is known as the founder of the city of
[Chico, California](/wiki/Chico,_California "Chico, California")
. He served in the
[California Senate](/wiki/California_Senate "California Senate")
and then in the
[U.S. House of Representatives](/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives "U.S. House of Representatives")
.

## Early life

[
[edit](/w/index.php?title=John_Bidwell&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Early life")

]

Bidwell was born in 1819 in
[Chautauqua County, New York](/wiki/Chautauqua_County,_New_York "Chautauqua County, New York")
. His Bidwell ancestors immigrated to North America in the colonial era.
[[
2
]](#cite_note-2)
His family moved to
[Erie, Pennsylvania](/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania "Erie, Pennsylvania")
, in 1829, and then to
[Ashtabula County, Ohio](/wiki/Ashtabula_County,_Ohio "Ashtabula County, Ohio")
, in 1831.
[[
3
]](#cite_note-spartacus-3)
At age 17, he attended and shortly thereafter became principal of
[Kingsville Academy](/wiki/Kingsville_Academy "Kingsville Academy")
.
[[
4
]](#cite_note-4)

## Life in California

[
[edit](/w/index.php?title=John_Bidwell&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Life in California")

]


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title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
content:
[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/John_Bidwell_1840.jpg/250px-John_Bidwell_1840.jpg)](/wiki/File:John_Bidwell_1840.jpg)


Bidwell in 1850

In 1841, at the age of 22, Bidwell became one of the first emigrants on the California Trail.
[[
5
]](#cite_note-5)
[John Sutter](/wiki/John_Sutter "John Sutter")
employed Bidwell as his business manager shortly after the younger man reached California. In October 1844, Bidwell went with Sutter to Monterey, where the two learned of an insurrection by leader
[José Castro](/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Castro "José Castro")
and ex-governor
[Juan Bautista Alvarado](/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Alvarado "Juan Bautista Alvarado")
.
[[
6
]](#cite_note-boyle-6)
In 1845, Bidwell and Sutter joined Governor
[Manuel Micheltorena](/wiki/Manuel_Micheltorena "Manuel Micheltorena")
and a group of Americans and Indians to fight the insurrectionists, pursuing them to
[Cahuenga](/wiki/Cahuenga_Pass "Cahuenga Pass")
.
[[
6
]](#cite_note-boyle-6)
Micheltorena, Sutter, and Bidwell were imprisoned, and the latter two were shortly thereafter released.
[[
6
]](#cite_note-boyle-6)


path: web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html
title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
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Upon release, Bidwell headed north through
[Placerita Canyon](/wiki/Rancho_San_Francisco#Los_Angeles_area_gold_find "Rancho San Francisco")
, saw the mining operations, and was determined to search for gold on his way to
[Sutter's Fort](/wiki/Sutter%27s_Fort "Sutter's Fort")
, where he met
[James W. Marshall](/wiki/James_W._Marshall "James W. Marshall")
.
[[
7
]](#cite_note-coinage-7)
Shortly after Marshall's discovery of gold at
[Sutter's Mill](/wiki/Sutter%27s_Mill "Sutter's Mill")
, Bidwell also discovered gold on the
[Feather River](/wiki/Feather_River "Feather River")
, establishing a productive claim at Bidwell Bar in advance of the
[California Gold Rush](/wiki/California_Gold_Rush "California Gold Rush")
. Bidwell obtained the four square-league
[Rancho Los Ulpinos](/wiki/Rancho_Los_Ulpinos "Rancho Los Ulpinos")
land grant after being naturalized as a Mexican citizen in 1844, and the two square-league
[Rancho Colus](/wiki/Rancho_Colus "Rancho Colus")
grant on the
[Sacramento River](/wiki/Sacramento_River "Sacramento River")
in 1845. He later sold the latter grant and bought
[Rancho Arroyo Chico](/wiki/Rancho_Arroyo_Chico "Rancho Arroyo Chico")
on Chico Creek to establish a ranch and farm.

### Mexican-American War and military service

[
[edit](/w/index.php?title=John_Bidwell&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Mexican-American War and military service")

]


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[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Fort_Bidwell_1877.jpg/330px-Fort_Bidwell_1877.jpg)](/wiki/File:Fort_Bidwell_1877.jpg)


[Fort Bidwell](/wiki/Fort_Bidwell "Fort Bidwell")
in 1877


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title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
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Soon after the outbreak of the
[Mexican–American War](/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War "Mexican–American War")
, Bidwell met with the leaders of the
[Bear Flag Revolt](/wiki/Bear_Flag_Revolt "Bear Flag Revolt")
and drafted their constitution.
[[
6
]](#cite_note-boyle-6)
He later attained the rank of major while fighting at
[Fort Stockton](/wiki/Fort_Stockton_(San_Diego,_California) "Fort Stockton (San Diego, California)")
. In August 1846, he was appointed
[Alcalde](/wiki/Alcalde "Alcalde")
of
[Mission San Luis Rey](/wiki/Mission_San_Luis_Rey "Mission San Luis Rey")
by
[John C. Frémont](/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont "John C. Frémont")
, where he served until the end of the war.
[[
8
]](#cite_note-8)
He was appointed brigadier general of the
[California Militia](/wiki/California_Militia "California Militia")
in 1863.
[[
3
]](#cite_note-spartacus-3)
From 1863 to 1864, Bidwell and other local financiers built the
[Humboldt Wagon Road](/wiki/Humboldt_Wagon_Road "Humboldt Wagon Road")
connecting Chico to the mining districts of Nevada.
[[
9
]](#cite_note-Leicester-9)
Around this time, in 1865, General Bidwell backed a petition from settlers at
[Red Bluff, California](/wiki/Red_Bluff,_California "Red Bluff, California")
to protect Red Bluff's trail to the
[Owyhee Mines](/wiki/Owyhee_River#History "Owyhee River")
of
[Idaho](/wiki/Idaho "Idaho")
. The
[United States Army](/wiki/United_States_Army "United States Army")
commissioned seven forts for this purpose.


path: web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html
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One site was near
[Fandango Pass](/wiki/Fandango_Pass "Fandango Pass")
at the base of the
[Warner Mountains](/wiki/Warner_Mountains "Warner Mountains")
, in the north end of
[Surprise Valley](/wiki/Surprise_Valley,_Modoc_County "Surprise Valley, Modoc County")
. On June 10, 1865, a fort (eventually named
[Fort Bidwell](/wiki/Fort_Bidwell "Fort Bidwell")
) was ordered to be built there.
[[
10
]](#cite_note-Pease-10)
[[
11
]](#cite_note-War_of_the_Rebellion-11)
The fort was built amid escalating fighting with the
[Snake Indians](/wiki/Snake_Indians "Snake Indians")
of eastern Oregon and southern Idaho.
[[
12
]](#cite_note-CGN-12)
It was a base for U.S. Army operations in the
[Snake War](/wiki/Snake_War "Snake War")
, that lasted until 1868, and the later
[Modoc War](/wiki/Modoc_War "Modoc War")
. Although traffic dwindled on the Red Bluff route once the
[Central Pacific Railroad](/wiki/Central_Pacific_Railroad "Central Pacific Railroad")
extended into Nevada in 1868, the Army staffed Fort Bidwell until 1890 to quell various uprisings and disturbances.
[[
10
]](#cite_note-Pease-10)
A
[Paiute](/wiki/Northern_Paiute "Northern Paiute")
reservation and small community maintain the name Fort Bidwell.. ### Belle ship disaster

[
[edit](/w/index.php?title=John_Bidwell&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Belle ship disaster")

]


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title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
content:
On February 5, 1856, Bidwell was one of several passengers traveling down the
[Sacramento River](/wiki/Sacramento_River "Sacramento River")
on the steamboat
*Belle*
when the ship's boiler exploded, killing several people instantly.
[[
13
]](#cite_note-13)
Bidwell was sitting by the stove reading a newspaper when the explosion sent a piece of shrapnel the size of a
[quarter](/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin) "Quarter (United States coin)")
directly into his skull. Bidwell survived, but spent the rest of his life with a visible hole in his head.
[[
14
]](#cite_note-14)

## Political career

[
[edit](/w/index.php?title=John_Bidwell&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: Political career")

]


path: web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html
title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
content:
Bidwell was selected as a delegate to the
[1849 California Constitutional Convention](/wiki/1849_California_Constitutional_Convention "1849 California Constitutional Convention")
, but did not attend because of mining business. Later that year, he was elected to the
[California State Senate](/wiki/California_State_Senate "California State Senate")
, serving a single one-year term.
[[
15
]](#cite_note-15)
He ran for State Senate again in 1855, but lost to incumbent
[Know Nothing](/wiki/Know_Nothing "Know Nothing")
John B. McGee by just 187 votes.
[[
16
]](#cite_note-16)
He supervised conducting the federal census of California in
[1850](/wiki/1850_United_States_census "1850 United States census")
and
[1860](/wiki/1860_United_States_census "1860 United States census")
, under national direction by
[Joseph C. G. Kennedy](/wiki/Joseph_C._G._Kennedy "Joseph C. G. Kennedy")
. Bidwell was a delegate to the
[1860 Democratic National Convention](/wiki/1860_Democratic_National_Conventions#Charleston_convention "1860 Democratic National Conventions")
in
[Charleston](/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina "Charleston, South Carolina")
.


path: web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html
title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
content:
He was the only
[West Coast](/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States "West Coast of the United States")
delegate opposed to secession.
[[
17
]](#cite_note-prince-17)
He left the party soon after the outbreak of the
[Civil War](/wiki/American_Civil_War "American Civil War")
, and in 1864 was a delegate to the
[National Union National Convention](/wiki/1864_National_Union_National_Convention "1864 National Union National Convention")
.. ### Congress

[
[edit](/w/index.php?title=John_Bidwell&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: Congress")

]

That year, he was also
[elected](/wiki/1864_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_California "1864 United States House of Representatives elections in California")
to the
[House of Representatives](/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives "U.S. House of Representatives")
as a
[Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States) "Republican Party (United States)")
, serving from 1865 to 1867.


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title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
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Rather than seek re-election, he chose to run for
[Governor of California](/wiki/Governor_of_California "Governor of California")
in
[1867](/wiki/1867_California_gubernatorial_election "1867 California gubernatorial election")
,
[[
17
]](#cite_note-prince-17)
but due to his anti-
[monopoly](/wiki/Monopoly "Monopoly")
stance lost the
[Union Party](/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States) "National Union Party (United States)")
nomination to railroad lobbyist
[[
18
]](#cite_note-18)
[George Congdon Gorham](/wiki/George_Congdon_Gorham "George Congdon Gorham")
by a vote of 167 to 132.
[[
19
]](#cite_note-19)

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/The_New_Elaine.jpg/330px-The_New_Elaine.jpg)](/wiki/File:The_New_Elaine.jpg)


An early political caricature poster mocking
[California Republicans](/wiki/California_Republican_Party "California Republican Party")
' support of a
[local option](/wiki/Local_option "Local option")
for alcohol,
c.
1870s

### Later campaigns

[
[edit](/w/index.php?title=John_Bidwell&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Later campaigns")

]


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title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
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In
[1875](/wiki/1875_California_gubernatorial_election "1875 California gubernatorial election")
, Bidwell ran for
[Governor of California](/wiki/Governor_of_California "Governor of California")
on the
[Anti-Monopoly Party](/wiki/Anti-Monopoly_Party "Anti-Monopoly Party")
ticket.
[[
3
]](#cite_note-spartacus-3)
As a strong advocate of the
[temperance movement](/wiki/Temperance_movement "Temperance movement")
, he presided over the state convention of the
[Prohibition Party](/wiki/United_States_Prohibition_Party "United States Prohibition Party")
in 1888 and was their nominee for governor in
[1890](/wiki/1890_California_gubernatorial_election "1890 California gubernatorial election")
.
[[
3
]](#cite_note-spartacus-3)
In the
[1892 presidential election](/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election "1892 United States presidential election")
, Bidwell was the nominee of the Prohibition Party.
[[
3
]](#cite_note-spartacus-3)
The ticket of Bidwell and
[James B. Cranfill](/wiki/James_B._Cranfill "James B. Cranfill")
of
[Texas](/wiki/Texas "Texas")
finished fourth nationwide, receiving 271,058 votes, or 2.3%. It was the largest total vote and highest percentage of the vote received by any Prohibition Party national ticket. Their strongest result was in
[Minnesota](/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election_in_Minnesota "1892 United States presidential election in Minnesota")
, where they received over five percent of the vote.

### Death


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title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
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[
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John Bidwell's autobiography,
*Echoes of the Past*
, was published in 1900. That same year, on April 4, Bidwell died of natural causes at the age of 80.

## Personal life

[
[edit](/w/index.php?title=John_Bidwell&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: Personal life")

]

[![](assets/330px-General_John_Bidwell_and_wife_Annie_E._K._Bidwell.jpg)](/wiki/File:General_John_Bidwell_and_wife_Annie_E._K._Bidwell.jpg)


Annie and John Bidwell, 1895

In 1868 Bidwell was about 49 when he married
[Annie Kennedy](/wiki/Annie_Bidwell "Annie Bidwell")
, whom he had courted for years. She was 20 years younger and a daughter of
[Joseph C. G. Kennedy](/wiki/Joseph_C._G._Kennedy "Joseph C. G. Kennedy")
. Her father was socially prominent, a high-ranking
[Washington](/wiki/Washington,_D.C. "Washington, D.C.")
official who supervised the
[U.S. Census Bureau](/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau "U.S. Census Bureau")
. Bidwell had met him while working on the California census. The senior Kennedy was active in the
[U.S. Whig party](/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States) "Whig Party (United States)")
. Annie Kennedy was deeply religious, joining the Presbyterian Church, and committed to a number of moral and social causes. She was very active in the
[suffrage](/wiki/Suffrage "Suffrage")
and
[prohibition](/wiki/Prohibition "Prohibition")
movements.
[[
3
]](#cite_note-spartacus-3)


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content:
The couple married April 16, 1868, in Washington, D.C., with
[President](/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States")
[Andrew Johnson](/wiki/Andrew_Johnson "Andrew Johnson")
and future president
[Ulysses S. Grant](/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant "Ulysses S. Grant")
among the guests. After he returned with her to Chico, the Bidwells used their mansion extensively for entertainment of friends and official guests. Among them were President
[Rutherford B. Hayes](/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes "Rutherford B. Hayes")
, General
[William T. Sherman](/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman "William Tecumseh Sherman")
,
[Susan B. Anthony](/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony "Susan B. Anthony")
,
[Frances Willard](/wiki/Frances_Willard_(suffragist) "Frances Willard (suffragist)")
, Governor
[Leland Stanford](/wiki/Leland_Stanford "Leland Stanford")
,
[John Muir](/wiki/John_Muir "John Muir")
,
[Joseph Dalton Hooker](/wiki/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker "Joseph Dalton Hooker")
, and
[Asa Gray](/wiki/Asa_Gray "Asa Gray")
.

## Legacy

[
[edit](/w/index.php?title=John_Bidwell&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: Legacy")

]

The Bidwell Family Papers are held at the
[Bancroft Library](/wiki/Bancroft_Library "Bancroft Library")
.


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The actor Howard Negley (1898–1983) played Bidwell in the 1953 episode, "The Lady with the Blue Silk Umbrella" on the
[syndicated](/wiki/Television_syndication "Television syndication")
television anthology series,
*[Death Valley Days](/wiki/Death_Valley_Days "Death Valley Days")
,*
hosted by
[Stanley Andrews](/wiki/Stanley_Andrews "Stanley Andrews")
. In the story line, Helen Crosby (
[Kathleen Case](/wiki/Kathleen_Case "Kathleen Case")
) carries official California statehood papers in her umbrella to shield them from ruffians who want to destroy the documents.
[Rick Vallin](/wiki/Rick_Vallin "Rick Vallin")
played Lieutenant Bob Hastings.
[[
20
]](#cite_note-20)

## Fraternal allegiance

[
[edit](/w/index.php?title=John_Bidwell&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: Fraternal allegiance")

]

Bidwell was a
[Freemason](/wiki/Freemasonry "Freemasonry")
for a time but left the group. He said that allegiance to the fraternity "was pointless" in an October 17, 1867, letter to
[Annie Kennedy](/wiki/Annie_Bidwell "Annie Bidwell")
, whom he had been courting. His signature appears in the Book of By-Laws of the Chico-Leland Stanford Lodge No. 111 in Chico, California.
[[
21
]](#cite_note-21)

## Gallery

[
[edit](/w/index.php?title=John_Bidwell&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: Gallery")

]

* [![Bidwell in 1866](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/John_Bidwell_1866.jpg/120px-John_Bidwell_1866.jpg)](/wiki/File:John_Bidwell_1866.jpg "Bidwell in 1866")


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Bidwell in 1866
* [![Bidwell c. 1875](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/John_Bidwell_circa_1875.jpg/120px-John_Bidwell_circa_1875.jpg)](/wiki/File:John_Bidwell_circa_1875.jpg "Bidwell c. 1875")

 Bidwell
 c.
 1875
* [![Bidwell c. 1880](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/John_Bidwell_circa_1880.jpg/120px-John_Bidwell_circa_1880.jpg)](/wiki/File:John_Bidwell_circa_1880.jpg "Bidwell c. 1880")

 Bidwell
 c.
 1880
* [![Bidwell c. 1890](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/John_Bidwell_circa_1890.jpg/120px-John_Bidwell_circa_1890.jpg)](/wiki/File:John_Bidwell_circa_1890.jpg "Bidwell c. 1890")

 Bidwell
 c.
 1890
* [![Seal of Chico, California](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Seal_of_Chico%2C_California.png/120px-Seal_of_Chico%2C_California.png)](/wiki/File:Seal_of_Chico,_California.png "Seal of Chico, California")

 Seal of Chico, California
* [!["Now you have done it!"](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Now_you_have_done_it%21_Wasp_Caricature_of_McDonald%2C_Bidwell%2C_Pixley%2C_Boruck_and_Waterman%2C_1890.jpg/120px-Now_you_have_done_it%21_Wasp_Caricature_of_McDonald%2C_Bidwell%2C_Pixley%2C_Boruck_and_Waterman%2C_1890.jpg)](/wiki/File:Now_you_have_done_it!_Wasp_Caricature_of_McDonald,_Bidwell,_Pixley,_Boruck_and_Waterman,_1890.jpg "\"Now you have done it!\"")


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title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
content:
"Now you have done it!"
* [!["The Barrier of Land Monopoly"](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/The_Barrier_of_Land_Monopoly%2C_Wasp_Caricature_of_California_Landowners%2C_1892.jpg/120px-The_Barrier_of_Land_Monopoly%2C_Wasp_Caricature_of_California_Landowners%2C_1892.jpg)](/wiki/File:The_Barrier_of_Land_Monopoly,_Wasp_Caricature_of_California_Landowners,_1892.jpg "\"The Barrier of Land Monopoly\"")

 "The Barrier of Land Monopoly"

## Electoral history

[
[edit](/w/index.php?title=John_Bidwell&action=edit&section=13 "Edit section: Electoral history")

]

[1864 United States House of Representatives elections in California](/wiki/1864_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_California "1864 United States House of Representatives elections in California")
, District 3

| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | **[Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_(US) "Republican Party (US)")** | **John Bidwell** | **18,255** | **56.1** |
| | [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_(US) "Democratic Party (US)") | Jack Temple | 14,273 | 43.9 |
| **Total votes** | | | **32,528** | **100.0** |
| | [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_(US) "Republican Party (US)") **hold** | | | |

## See also

[
[edit](/w/index.php?title=John_Bidwell&action=edit&section=14 "Edit section: See also")

]


path: web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html
title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
content:
* [Bartleson–Bidwell Party](/wiki/Bartleson%E2%80%93Bidwell_Party "Bartleson–Bidwell Party")
* [California Republic](/wiki/Bear_Flag_Revolt "Bear Flag Revolt")
* [Bidwell Mansion State Historic Park](/wiki/Bidwell_Mansion_State_Historic_Park "Bidwell Mansion State Historic Park")
* [California Trail](/wiki/California_Trail "California Trail")
* [Michael Gillis](/wiki/Michael_Gillis "Michael Gillis")
* [Temperance movement](/wiki/Temperance_movement "Temperance movement")
* [List of people associated with the California Gold Rush](/wiki/List_of_people_associated_with_the_California_Gold_Rush "List of people associated with the California Gold Rush")

## Citations

[
[edit](/w/index.php?title=John_Bidwell&action=edit&section=15 "Edit section: Citations")

]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)**

 [Jimeno's and Hartnell's Indexes of Land Concessions, from 1830 to 1846](https://books.google.com/books?id=jPVAAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Jos%C3%ADas+belden%22&pg=PA32)
2. **[^](#cite_ref-2)**


 Bidwell, Edwin M. (1884).
 ["Genealogy to the Seventh Generation of the Bidwell Family in America"](https://books.google.com/books?id=y202AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA17)
 .
3. ^
 [***a***](#cite_ref-spartacus_3-0)
 [***b***](#cite_ref-spartacus_3-1)
 [***c***](#cite_ref-spartacus_3-2)
 [***d***](#cite_ref-spartacus_3-3)
 [***e***](#cite_ref-spartacus_3-4)
 [***f***](#cite_ref-spartacus_3-5)


path: web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html
title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
content:
["John Bidwell-Biography"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070101084424/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WWbidwell.htm)
 . Spartacus Education. 2006. Archived from the original on January 1, 2007
 . Retrieved
 December 11,
 2006
 .
4. **[^](#cite_ref-4)**



 ["Guide to the John Bidwell Papers"](https://web.archive.org/web/20201205024133/http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=tf958006gq&doc.view=entire_text)
 .
 *content.cdlib.org*
 . Archived from
 [the original](http://content.cdlib.org/view;jsessionid=M26TnTDzEgebUxcf?docId=tf958006gq&doc.view=entire_text)
 on December 5, 2020
 . Retrieved
 February 27,
 2017
 .
5. **[^](#cite_ref-5)**

 Michael J. Gillis and Michael F. Magliari,
 *John Bidwell and California: The Life and Writings of a Pioneer, 1841–1900*
 ,
 [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)")
 [0-87062-332-X](/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87062-332-X "Special:BookSources/0-87062-332-X")
 , p. 31–
6. ^
 [***a***](#cite_ref-boyle_6-0)
 [***b***](#cite_ref-boyle_6-1)
 [***c***](#cite_ref-boyle_6-2)
 [***d***](#cite_ref-boyle_6-3)



 Boyle, C. C. (1906).
 [*Addresses, Reminiscences, Etc. of General John Bidwell*](https://books.google.com/books?id=2-wkD_Z889wC&pg=PA42)
 . p. 42.
7. **[^](#cite_ref-coinage_7-0)**



 Worden, Leon (October 2005).
 ["California's REAL First Gold"](http://www.scvhistory.com/scvhistory/signal/coins/worden-coinage1005.htm)
 .
 *COINage magazine*

 . Retrieved
 April 16,
 2007
 .
8. **[^](#cite_ref-8)**


path: web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html
title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
content:
Chilcote, Olivia (2019).
 ["

 "Time Out of Mind": The San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians and the Historical Origins of a Struggle for Federal Recognition"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/26850831)
 .
 *California History*
 .
 **96**
 (4): 41.
 [JSTOR](/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier) "JSTOR (identifier)")
 [26850831](https://www.jstor.org/stable/26850831)

 . Retrieved
 October 22,
 2024
 .
9. **[^](#cite_ref-Leicester_9-0)**



 Leicester, Marti; Nopel, David (2012).
 [*The Humboldt Wagon Road*](https://books.google.com/books?id=BEH-aJVuOx0C&q=humboldt+wagon+road)
 . Images of America. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. p. 8.
 [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)")
 [978-0-7385-7643-5](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-7643-5 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-7643-5")
 .
10. ^
 [***a***](#cite_ref-Pease_10-0)
 [***b***](#cite_ref-Pease_10-1)



 Pease, Robert W. (1965).
 *Modoc County; University of California Publications in Geography, Volume 17*
 . Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. pp.
 75–
 78, 97.
11. **[^](#cite_ref-War_of_the_Rebellion_11-0)**


path: web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html
title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
content:
[War Department, United States](/wiki/United_States_War_Department "United States War Department")
 ; John Sheldon Moody; Calvin Duvall Cowles; Frederick Caryton Ainsworth; Robert N. Scott; Henry Martyn Lazelle; George Breckenridge Davis; Leslie J. Perry; Joseph William Kirkley (1897).
 [*The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Jb89AAAAYAAJ&q=%22Camp+Bidwell%22)
 . Vol. L. Washington: Government Printing Office. pp.
 593–
 594, 1125,
 1214–
 1215.
12. **[^](#cite_ref-CGN_12-0)**



 Durham, David L. (1998).
 *California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State*
 . Clovis, California: Word Dancer Press. p. 378.
 [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)")
 [1-884995-14-4](/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-884995-14-4 "Special:BookSources/1-884995-14-4")
 .
13. **[^](#cite_ref-13)**



 Burnett, Marie (December 2018).
 ["Belle"](https://slc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Belle.pdf)

 (PDF)
 .
 *[California State Lands Commission](/wiki/California_State_Lands_Commission "California State Lands Commission")*

 . Retrieved
 October 21,
 2024
 .
14. **[^](#cite_ref-14)**



 Leek, Nancy (January 7, 2019).
 ["Like a Hole in the Head"](https://goldfieldsbooks.com/2019/01/07/like-a-hole-in-the-head/)
 .
 *Goldfields Books*

 . Retrieved
 October 21,
 2024
 .
15. **[^](#cite_ref-15)**


path: web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html
title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
content:
["John Bidwell"](https://www.joincalifornia.com/candidate/7256)
 .
 *JoinCalifornia*

 . Retrieved
 October 22,
 2024
 .
16. **[^](#cite_ref-16)**



 ["Senatorial—Butte and Plumas"](https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SDU18550926.2.14&srpos=1&e=------185-en--20--1--txt-txIN-Bidwell+McGee----1855---)
 .
 *[Sacramento Daily Union](/wiki/Sacramento_Daily_Union "Sacramento Daily Union")*
 . Sacramento. September 26, 1855
 . Retrieved
 October 22,
 2024
 .
17. ^
 [***a***](#cite_ref-prince_17-0)
 [***b***](#cite_ref-prince_17-1)



 Hunt, Rockwell (1917).
 ["John Bidwell: A Prince Among Pioneers"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/41168744)
 .
 *Annual Publication of the Historical Society of Southern California*
 .
 **10**
 (3):
 48–
 56.
 [doi](/wiki/Doi_(identifier) "Doi (identifier)")
 :
 [10.2307/41168744](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F41168744)
 .
 [JSTOR](/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier) "JSTOR (identifier)")
 [41168744](https://www.jstor.org/stable/41168744)

 . Retrieved
 October 21,
 2024
 .
18. **[^](#cite_ref-18)**



 Denning, Robert; Rogers, J. Henry (2008).
 ["A Fragile Machine: California Senator John Conness"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/40495176)
 .
 *California History*
 .
 **85**
 (4): 48.
 [doi](/wiki/Doi_(identifier) "Doi (identifier)")
 :
 [10.2307/40495176](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F40495176)
 .
 [JSTOR](/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier) "JSTOR (identifier)")
 [40495176](https://www.jstor.org/stable/40495176)

 . Retrieved
 October 21,
 2024
 .
19. **[^](#cite_ref-19)**


path: web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html
title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
content:
["THE SACRAMENTO CONVENTION–NOMINATION OF GEORGE GORHAM"](https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=DAC18670613.2.19&srpos=9&e=01-06-1867-30-06-1867--en--20--1--txt-txIN-bidwell+gorham----1867---)
 .
 *[The Daily Alta California](/wiki/The_Daily_Alta_California "The Daily Alta California")*
 . San Francisco. June 13, 1867
 . Retrieved
 October 21,
 2024
 .
20. **[^](#cite_ref-20)**



 ["The Lady with the Blue Silk Umbrella on
 *Death Valley Days*
 "](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0556822/?ref_=ttep_ep4)
 .
 [Internet Movie Database](/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database "Internet Movie Database")

 . Retrieved
 July 3,
 2019
 .
21. **[^](#cite_ref-21)**

 Michael J. Gillis and Michael F. Magliari,
 *John Bidwell and California: The Life and Writings of a Pioneer, 1841–1900*
 ,
 [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)")
 [0-87062-332-X](/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87062-332-X "Special:BookSources/0-87062-332-X")
 , p. 223–224

## External links

[
[edit](/w/index.php?title=John_Bidwell&action=edit&section=16 "Edit section: External links")

]


path: web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html
title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
content:
* Bigler Family collection, 1852–1918. Collection guide, California State Library, California History Room.
* ["The First Emigrant Train to California"](https://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/moa-cgi?notisid=ABP2287-0041-23)
 by John Bidwell
* ["Bidwell-Bartleson Trail Guide"](http://www.scienceviews.com/bidwell/bidwelltrailguide.html)
 by Roy D. Tea
* [*Autobiography and Reminiscence of John Bidwell, San Francisco, 1904*](https://archive.today/20121212110034/http://www.calisphere.universityofcalifornia.edu/ark:/13030/kt1t1nc4sz/)
 [Transcription]. The Society of California Pioneers, via Calisphere.
* [Guide to the Bidwell Family Papers](http://www.oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=tf5x0nb1gz;query=;style=oac4;view=admin)
 at
 [The Bancroft Library](/wiki/The_Bancroft_Library "The Bancroft Library")

* United States Congress.
 ["John Bidwell (id: B000447)"](http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000447)
 .
 *[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress](/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress "Biographical Directory of the United States Congress")*
 .


path: web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html
title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
content:
| [California Senate](/wiki/California_State_Senate "California State Senate") | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **New constituency** | **Member of the [California Senate](/wiki/California_State_Senate "California State Senate") from the [Sacramento](/wiki/Sacramento,_California "Sacramento, California") district** 1849–1851 | Succeeded by [Alonzo W. Adams](/wiki/Alonzo_W._Adams "Alonzo W. Adams") |
| [U.S. House of Representatives](/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives "United States House of Representatives") | | |
| **New constituency** | **Member of the [U.S. House of Representatives](/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_California "List of United States representatives from California") from [California's 3rd congressional district](/wiki/California%27s_3rd_congressional_district "California's 3rd congressional district")** 1865–1867 | Succeeded by [James Johnson](/wiki/James_A._Johnson_(California_politician) "James A. Johnson (California politician)") |
| Preceded by [Brutus J. Clay](/wiki/Brutus_J._Clay "Brutus J. Clay") | **Chair of the [House Agriculture Committee](/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Agriculture "United States House Committee on Agriculture")** 1865–1867 | Succeeded by [Rowland E. Trowbridge](/wiki/Rowland_E._Trowbridge "Rowland E. Trowbridge") |
| Party political offices | | |
| Preceded by [Clinton B. Fisk](/wiki/Clinton_B._Fisk "Clinton B.


path: web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html
title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
content:
Fisk") | **[Prohibition](/wiki/Prohibition_Party "Prohibition Party") nominee for [President of the United States](/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States")** [1892](/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election "1892 United States presidential election") | Succeeded by [Charles Bentley](/wiki/Charles_Eugene_Bentley "Charles Eugene Bentley") [Joshua Levering](/wiki/Joshua_Levering "Joshua Levering") |.


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| * [v](/wiki/Template:US_House_Agriculture_chairs "Template:US House Agriculture chairs") * [t](/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Agriculture_chairs "Template talk:US House Agriculture chairs") * [e](/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Agriculture_chairs "Special:EditPage/Template:US House Agriculture chairs") [Chairmen of the United States House Committee on Agriculture](/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Agriculture "United States House Committee on Agriculture") | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| * [Forrest](/wiki/Thomas_Forrest_(politician) "Thomas Forrest (politician)") * [Butler](/wiki/Josiah_Butler "Josiah Butler") * [Van Rensselaer](/wiki/Stephen_Van_Rensselaer "Stephen Van Rensselaer") * [Spencer](/wiki/Ambrose_Spencer "Ambrose Spencer") * [Root](/wiki/Erastus_Root "Erastus Root") * [Bockee](/wiki/Abraham_Bockee "Abraham Bockee") * [Deberry](/wiki/Edmund_Deberry "Edmund Deberry") * [Anderson](/wiki/Joseph_H._Anderson "Joseph H. Anderson") * [White](/wiki/Hugh_White_(New_York_politician) "Hugh White (New York politician)") * [Littlefield](/wiki/Nathaniel_Littlefield "Nathaniel Littlefield") * [Floyd](/wiki/John_G._Floyd "John G. Floyd") * [Dawson](/wiki/John_Littleton_Dawson "John Littleton Dawson") * [Holloway](/wiki/David_P._Holloway "David P. Holloway") * [Whiteley](/wiki/William_G._Whiteley "William G. Whiteley") * [Butterfield](/wiki/Martin_Butterfield "Martin Butterfield") * [Lovejoy](/wiki/Owen_Lovejoy "Owen Lovejoy") * [Clay](/wiki/Brutus_J._Clay "Brutus J.


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Clay") * Bidwell * [Trowbridge](/wiki/Rowland_E._Trowbridge "Rowland E. Trowbridge") * [Wilson](/wiki/John_Thomas_Wilson "John Thomas Wilson") * [Hays](/wiki/Charles_Hays "Charles Hays") * [Caldwell](/wiki/John_Henry_Caldwell "John Henry Caldwell") * [Cutler](/wiki/Augustus_W._Cutler "Augustus W. Cutler") * [Covert](/wiki/James_W._Covert "James W. Covert") * [Valentine](/wiki/Edward_K._Valentine "Edward K. Valentine") * [Hatch](/wiki/William_H._Hatch "William H. Hatch") * [Funston](/wiki/Edward_H._Funston "Edward H. Funston") * [Hatch](/wiki/William_H._Hatch "William H. Hatch") * [Wadsworth](/wiki/James_W._Wadsworth "James W. Wadsworth") * [Scott](/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Scott "Charles Frederick Scott") * [Lamb](/wiki/John_Lamb_(congressman) "John Lamb (congressman)") * [Lever](/wiki/Asbury_Francis_Lever "Asbury Francis Lever") * [Haugen](/wiki/Gilbert_N._Haugen "Gilbert N. Haugen") * [Jones](/wiki/John_Marvin_Jones "John Marvin Jones") * [Fulmer](/wiki/Hampton_P._Fulmer "Hampton P. Fulmer") * [Flannagan](/wiki/John_W._Flannagan_Jr. "John W. Flannagan Jr.") * [Hope](/wiki/Clifford_R._Hope "Clifford R. Hope") * [Cooley](/wiki/Harold_D._Cooley "Harold D. Cooley") * [Hope](/wiki/Clifford_R._Hope "Clifford R. Hope") * [Cooley](/wiki/Harold_D._Cooley "Harold D. Cooley") * [Poage](/wiki/William_R._Poage "William R.


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Poage") * [Foley](/wiki/Tom_Foley "Tom Foley") * [de la Garza](/wiki/Kika_de_la_Garza "Kika de la Garza") * [Roberts](/wiki/Pat_Roberts "Pat Roberts") * [Smith](/wiki/Bob_Smith_(Oregon_politician) "Bob Smith (Oregon politician)") * [Combest](/wiki/Larry_Combest "Larry Combest") * [Goodlatte](/wiki/Bob_Goodlatte "Bob Goodlatte") * [Peterson](/wiki/Collin_Peterson "Collin Peterson") * [Lucas](/wiki/Frank_Lucas_(Oklahoma_politician) "Frank Lucas (Oklahoma politician)") * [Conaway](/wiki/Mike_Conaway "Mike Conaway") * [Peterson](/wiki/Collin_Peterson "Collin Peterson") * [Scott](/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician) "David Scott (Georgia politician)") * [Thompson](/wiki/Glenn_Thompson_(politician) "Glenn Thompson (politician)") | | [Seal of the United States House of Representatives](/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg "Seal of the United States House of Representatives") |.


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| * [v](/wiki/Template:Prohibition_Party "Template:Prohibition Party") * [t](/wiki/Template_talk:Prohibition_Party "Template talk:Prohibition Party") * [e](/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prohibition_Party "Special:EditPage/Template:Prohibition Party") [Prohibition Party](/wiki/Prohibition_Party "Prohibition Party") | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairpersons | * 1869–1872: [John Russell](/wiki/John_Russell_(prohibitionist) "John Russell (prohibitionist)") * 1872–1876: [Simeon B. Chase](/wiki/Simeon_B._Chase "Simeon B. Chase") * 1876–1880: [James Black](/wiki/James_Black_(prohibitionist) "James Black (prohibitionist)") * 1880–1884: [Gideon T. Stewart](/wiki/Gideon_T._Stewart "Gideon T. Stewart") * 1884–1887: [John B. Finch](/wiki/John_B._Finch "John B. Finch") * 1887–1899: [Samuel Dickie](/wiki/Samuel_Dickie "Samuel Dickie") * 1900–1905: [Oliver W. Stewart](/wiki/Oliver_W._Stewart "Oliver W. Stewart") * 1905–1908: Charles R. Jones * 1908–1924: Virgil G. Hinshaw * 1924–1925: B.E.P. Prugh * 1925–1932: [D. Leigh Colvin](/wiki/D._Leigh_Colvin "D. Leigh Colvin") * 1932–1947: Edward E. Blake * 1947–1950: Virgil C. Finnell * 1950–1953: Gerald Overholt * 1953–1955: Lowell H. Coate * 1955–1971: [E. Harold Munn](/wiki/E._Harold_Munn "E.


path: web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html
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Harold Munn") * 1971–1979: Charles Wesley Ewing * 1979–2003: [Earl Dodge](/wiki/Earl_Dodge "Earl Dodge") * 2003–2005: Don Webb * 2005–2009: [Gene Amondson](/wiki/Gene_Amondson "Gene Amondson") * 2009–2013: Toby Davis * 2013–2014: Gregory Seltzer * 2014–2019: Rick Knox * 2019–2020: Randy McNutt * 2020–2023: Phil Collins * 2023–Present: Zack Kusnir |
| Presidential tickets | * [1872](/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election "1872 United States presidential election") : [Black](/wiki/James_Black_(prohibitionist) "James Black (prohibitionist)") / [Russell](/wiki/John_Russell_(prohibitionist) "John Russell (prohibitionist)") * [1876](/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election "1876 United States presidential election") : [Smith](/wiki/Green_Clay_Smith "Green Clay Smith") / [Stewart](/wiki/Gideon_T._Stewart "Gideon T. Stewart") * [1880](/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election "1880 United States presidential election") : [Dow](/wiki/Neal_Dow "Neal Dow") / [Thompson](/wiki/Henry_Adams_Thompson "Henry Adams Thompson") * [1884](/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election "1884 United States presidential election") [St. John](/wiki/John_St._John_(American_politician) "John St. John (American politician)") / [Daniel](/wiki/William_Daniel_(Maryland_politician) "William Daniel (Maryland politician)") * [1888](/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election "1888 United States presidential election") : [Fisk](/wiki/Clinton_B._Fisk "Clinton B.


path: web_results/wiki_John_Bidwell.html
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Fisk") / [Brooks](/wiki/John_A._Brooks "John A. Brooks") * [1892](/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election "1892 United States presidential election") : Bidwell / [Cranfill](/wiki/James_B._Cranfill "James B. Cranfill") * [1896](/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election "1896 United States presidential election") : [Levering](/wiki/Joshua_Levering "Joshua Levering") / [Johnson](/wiki/Hale_Johnson "Hale Johnson") - [Bentley](/wiki/Charles_E._Bentley_(politician) "Charles E. Bentley (politician)") / [Southgate](/wiki/James_H._Southgate "James H. Southgate") * [1900](/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election "1900 United States presidential election") : [Woolley](/wiki/John_G._Woolley "John G. Woolley") / [Metcalf](/wiki/Henry_B._Metcalf "Henry B. Metcalf") * [1904](/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election "1904 United States presidential election") : [Swallow](/wiki/Silas_C._Swallow "Silas C. Swallow") / [Carroll](/wiki/George_Washington_Carroll "George Washington Carroll") * [1908](/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election "1908 United States presidential election") / [1912](/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election "1912 United States presidential election") : [Chafin](/wiki/Eugene_W._Chafin "Eugene W. Chafin") / [A. Watkins](/wiki/Aaron_S._Watkins "Aaron S.


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title: John Bidwell - Wikipedia
content:
Watkins") * [1916](/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election "1916 United States presidential election") : [Hanley](/wiki/Frank_Hanly "Frank Hanly") / [Landrith](/wiki/Ira_Landrith "Ira Landrith") * [1920](/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election "1920 United States presidential election") : [A. Watkins](/wiki/Aaron_S._Watkins "Aaron S. Watkins") / [Colvin](/wiki/D._Leigh_Colvin "D. Leigh Colvin") * [1924](/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election "1924 United States presidential election") : [Faris](/wiki/Herman_P._Faris "Herman P. Faris") / [Brehm](/wiki/Marie_C._Brehm "Marie C. Brehm") * [1928](/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election "1928 United States presidential election") : [Varney](/wiki/William_F._Varney "William F. Varney") / [Edgerton](/wiki/James_A._Edgerton "James A. Edgerton") * [1932](/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election "1932 United States presidential election") : [Upshaw](/wiki/William_David_Upshaw "William David Upshaw") / [Regan](/wiki/Frank_S._Regan "Frank S. Regan") * [1936](/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election "1936 United States presidential election") : [Colvin](/wiki/D._Leigh_Colvin "D. Leigh Colvin") / [Watson](/wiki/Claude_A._Watson "Claude A. Watson") * [1940](/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election "1940 United States presidential election") : [Babson](/wiki/Roger_Babson "Roger Babson") / [Moorman](/w/index.php?title=Edgar_V._Moorman&action=edit&redlink=1 "Edgar V.


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Moorman (page does not exist)") * [1944](/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election "1944 United States presidential election") : [Watson](/wiki/Claude_A._Watson "Claude A. Watson") / [Johnson](/wiki/Andrew_N._Johnson "Andrew N. Johnson") * [1948](/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election "1948 United States presidential election") : [Watson](/wiki/Claude_A._Watson "Claude A. Watson") / [Learn](/wiki/Dale_H._Learn "Dale H. Learn") * [1952](/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election "1952 United States presidential election") : [Hamblen](/wiki/Stuart_Hamblen "Stuart Hamblen") / [Holtwick](/wiki/Enoch_A._Holtwick "Enoch A. Holtwick") * [1956](/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election "1956 United States presidential election") : [Holtwick](/wiki/Enoch_A._Holtwick "Enoch A. Holtwick") / [Cooper](/w/index.php?title=Edwin_M._Cooper&action=edit&redlink=1 "Edwin M. Cooper (page does not exist)") * [1960](/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election "1960 United States presidential election") : [Decker](/wiki/Rutherford_Decker "Rutherford Decker") / [Munn](/wiki/E._Harold_Munn "E. Harold Munn") * [1964](/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election "1964 United States presidential election") : [Munn](/wiki/E._Harold_Munn "E. Harold Munn") / [Shaw](/wiki/Mark_R._Shaw "Mark R. Shaw") * [1968](/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election "1968 United States presidential election") : [Munn](/wiki/E._Harold_Munn "E.


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Harold Munn") / [Fisher](/wiki/Rolland_Fisher "Rolland Fisher") * [1972](/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election "1972 United States presidential election") : [Munn](/wiki/E._Harold_Munn "E. Harold Munn") / [Uncapher](/w/index.php?title=Marshall_E._Uncapher&action=edit&redlink=1 "Marshall E. Uncapher (page does not exist)") * [1976](/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election "1976 United States presidential election") / [1980](/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election "1980 United States presidential election") : [Bubar](/wiki/Benjamin_Bubar_Jr. "Benjamin Bubar Jr.") / [Dodge](/wiki/Earl_Dodge "Earl Dodge") * [1984](/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election "1984 United States presidential election") : [Dodge](/wiki/Earl_Dodge "Earl Dodge") / Martin * [1988](/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election "1988 United States presidential election") / [1992](/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election "1992 United States presidential election") : [Dodge](/wiki/Earl_Dodge "Earl Dodge") / [Ormsby](/wiki/George_Ormsby_(politician) "George Ormsby (politician)") * [1996](/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election "1996 United States presidential election") : [Dodge](/wiki/Earl_Dodge "Earl Dodge") / [Bubar Kelly](/wiki/Rachel_Bubar_Kelly "Rachel Bubar Kelly") * [2000](/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election "2000 United States presidential election") : [Dodge](/wiki/Earl_Dodge "Earl Dodge") / [D.


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Watkins](/wiki/Dean_Watkins "Dean Watkins") * [2004](/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election "2004 United States presidential election") : [Amondson](/wiki/Gene_Amondson "Gene Amondson") / [Pletten](/wiki/Leroy_Pletten "Leroy Pletten") - [Dodge](/wiki/Earl_Dodge "Earl Dodge") - [Lydick](/w/index.php?title=Howard_Lydick&action=edit&redlink=1 "Howard Lydick (page does not exist)") * [2008](/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election "2008 United States presidential election") : [Amondson](/wiki/Gene_Amondson "Gene Amondson") / [Pletten](/wiki/Leroy_Pletten "Leroy Pletten") * [2012](/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election "2012 United States presidential election") : [Fellure](/wiki/Jack_Fellure "Jack Fellure") / [Davis](/w/index.php?title=Toby_Davis_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1 "Toby Davis (politician) (page does not exist)") * [2016](/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election") : [Hedges](/wiki/James_Hedges "James Hedges") / Bayes * [2020](/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election") : [Collins](/wiki/Phil_Collins_(politician) "Phil Collins (politician)") / Parker * [2024](/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") : [Wood](/w/index.php?title=Michael_Wood_(prohibitionist&action=edit&redlink=1 "Michael Wood (prohibitionist (page does not exist)") / Pietrowski |
| Parties by state and territory | [Law Preservation Party](/wiki/Law_Preservation_Party "Law Preservation Party") (New York) |
| National Conventions | * [1872](/wiki/1872_Prohibition_National_Convention "1872 Prohibition National Convention") * [1876](/wiki/1876_Prohibition_National_Convention "1876 Prohibition National Convention") * [1880](/wiki/1880_Prohibition_National_Convention "1880 Prohibition National Convention") * [1884](/wiki/1884_Prohibition_National_Convention "1884 Prohibition National Convention") |
| Related topics | [Prohibition in the United States](/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States "Prohibition in the United States") - [Anti-Saloon League](/wiki/Anti-Saloon_League "Anti-Saloon League") - [Woman's Christian Temperance Union](/wiki/Woman%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union "Woman's Christian Temperance Union") - [Alcohol Justice](/wiki/Alcohol_Justice "Alcohol Justice") - [Temperance movement in the United States](/wiki/Temperance_movement_in_the_United_States "Temperance movement in the United States") |.


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| * [v](/wiki/Template:United_States_representatives_from_California_1%E2%80%9310 "Template:United States representatives from California 1–10") * [t](/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_representatives_from_California_1%E2%80%9310 "Template talk:United States representatives from California 1–10") * [e](/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_representatives_from_California_1%E2%80%9310 "Special:EditPage/Template:United States representatives from California 1–10") [United States representatives from California's 1st through 10th districts](/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_California "List of United States representatives from California") | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [1st district](/wiki/California%27s_1st_congressional_district "California's 1st congressional district") | * [McRuer](/wiki/Donald_C._McRuer "Donald C. McRuer") * [Axtell](/wiki/Samuel_Beach_Axtell "Samuel Beach Axtell") * [Houghton](/wiki/Sherman_Otis_Houghton "Sherman Otis Houghton") * [Clayton](/wiki/Charles_Clayton "Charles Clayton") * [Piper](/wiki/William_Adam_Piper "William Adam Piper") * [Davis](/wiki/Horace_Davis "Horace Davis") * [Rosecrans](/wiki/William_Rosecrans "William Rosecrans") * [Henley](/wiki/Barclay_Henley "Barclay Henley") * [T. Thompson](/wiki/Thomas_Larkin_Thompson "Thomas Larkin Thompson") * [De Haven](/wiki/John_J._De_Haven "John J. De Haven") * [Geary](/wiki/Thomas_J._Geary "Thomas J.


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Geary") * [Barham](/wiki/John_All_Barham "John All Barham") * [Coombs](/wiki/Frank_Coombs_(politician) "Frank Coombs (politician)") * [Gillett](/wiki/James_Gillett "James Gillett") * [W. Englebright](/wiki/William_F._Englebright "William F. Englebright") * [Raker](/wiki/John_E._Raker "John E. Raker") * [Kent](/wiki/William_Kent_(American_politician) "William Kent (American politician)") * [Lea](/wiki/Clarence_F._Lea "Clarence F. Lea") * [Scudder](/wiki/Hubert_B._Scudder "Hubert B. Scudder") * [C. Miller](/wiki/Clem_Miller "Clem Miller") * [Clausen](/wiki/Don_Clausen "Don Clausen") * [B. Johnson](/wiki/Bizz_Johnson "Bizz Johnson") * [Chappie](/wiki/Eugene_A._Chappie "Eugene A. Chappie") * [Bosco](/wiki/Douglas_H._Bosco "Douglas H. Bosco") * [Riggs](/wiki/Frank_Riggs "Frank Riggs") * [Hamburg](/wiki/Daniel_Hamburg "Daniel Hamburg") * [Riggs](/wiki/Frank_Riggs "Frank Riggs") * [M. Thompson](/wiki/Mike_Thompson "Mike Thompson") * [LaMalfa](/wiki/Doug_LaMalfa "Doug LaMalfa") | |
| [2nd district](/wiki/California%27s_2nd_congressional_district "California's 2nd congressional district") | * [Higby](/wiki/William_Higby "William Higby") * [Sargent](/wiki/Aaron_A._Sargent "Aaron A. Sargent") * [Page](/wiki/Horace_F._Page "Horace F. Page") * [Budd](/wiki/James_Budd "James Budd") * [Louttit](/wiki/James_A._Louttit "James A. Louttit") * [Biggs](/wiki/Marion_Biggs "Marion Biggs") * [Caminetti](/wiki/Anthony_Caminetti "Anthony Caminetti") * [G. Johnson](/wiki/Grove_L._Johnson "Grove L.


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Johnson") * [De Vries](/wiki/Marion_De_Vries "Marion De Vries") * [Woods](/wiki/Samuel_D._Woods "Samuel D. Woods") * [Bell](/wiki/Theodore_Arlington_Bell "Theodore Arlington Bell") * [McKinlay](/wiki/Duncan_E._McKinlay "Duncan E. McKinlay") * [Kent](/wiki/William_Kent_(American_politician) "William Kent (American politician)") * [Raker](/wiki/John_E._Raker "John E. Raker") * [H. Englebright](/wiki/Harry_L._Englebright "Harry L. Englebright") * [Engle](/wiki/Clair_Engle "Clair Engle") * [B. Johnson](/wiki/Bizz_Johnson "Bizz Johnson") * [Clausen](/wiki/Don_Clausen "Don Clausen") * [Chappie](/wiki/Eugene_A._Chappie "Eugene A. Chappie") * [Herger](/wiki/Wally_Herger "Wally Herger") * [Huffman](/wiki/Jared_Huffman "Jared Huffman") |
| [3rd district](/wiki/California%27s_3rd_congressional_district "California's 3rd congressional district") | * Bidwell * [J. A. Johnson](/wiki/James_A._Johnson_(California_politician) "James A. Johnson (California politician)") * [Coghlan](/wiki/John_M._Coghlan "John M. Coghlan") * [Luttrell](/wiki/John_K._Luttrell "John K. Luttrell") * [Berry](/wiki/Campbell_Polson_Berry "Campbell Polson Berry") * [Henley](/wiki/Barclay_Henley "Barclay Henley") * [McKenna](/wiki/Joseph_McKenna "Joseph McKenna") * [Hilborn](/wiki/Samuel_G._Hilborn "Samuel G. Hilborn") * [English](/wiki/Warren_B._English "Warren B. English") * [Hilborn](/wiki/Samuel_G._Hilborn "Samuel G. Hilborn") * [Metcalf](/wiki/Victor_H._Metcalf "Victor H.


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Metcalf") * [Knowland](/wiki/Joseph_R._Knowland "Joseph R. Knowland") * [Curry](/wiki/Charles_F._Curry "Charles F. Curry") * [Curry Jr.](/wiki/Charles_F._Curry_Jr. "Charles F. Curry Jr.") * [Buck](/wiki/Frank_H._Buck "Frank H. Buck") * [J. L. Johnson](/wiki/J._Leroy_Johnson "J. Leroy Johnson") * [Moss](/wiki/John_E._Moss "John E. Moss") * [B. Matsui](/wiki/Bob_Matsui "Bob Matsui") * [Fazio](/wiki/Vic_Fazio "Vic Fazio") * [Ose](/wiki/Doug_Ose "Doug Ose") * [Lungren](/wiki/Dan_Lungren "Dan Lungren") * [Garamendi](/wiki/John_Garamendi "John Garamendi") * [Kiley](/wiki/Kevin_Kiley_(politician) "Kevin Kiley (politician)") |
| [4th district](/wiki/California%27s_4th_congressional_district "California's 4th congressional district") | * [Houghton](/wiki/Sherman_Otis_Houghton "Sherman Otis Houghton") * [Wigginton](/wiki/Peter_D._Wigginton "Peter D. Wigginton") * [Pacheco](/wiki/Romualdo_Pacheco "Romualdo Pacheco") * [Wigginton](/wiki/Peter_D._Wigginton "Peter D. Wigginton") * [Pacheco](/wiki/Romualdo_Pacheco "Romualdo Pacheco") * [Tully](/wiki/Pleasant_B._Tully "Pleasant B. Tully") * [Morrow](/wiki/William_W._Morrow "William W. Morrow") * [Cutting](/wiki/John_T._Cutting "John T. Cutting") * [Maguire](/wiki/James_G._Maguire "James G. Maguire") * [J. Kahn](/wiki/Julius_Kahn_(congressman) "Julius Kahn (congressman)") * [Livernash](/wiki/Edward_J._Livernash "Edward J. Livernash") * [J. Kahn](/wiki/Julius_Kahn_(congressman) "Julius Kahn (congressman)") * [F.


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Kahn](/wiki/Florence_Prag_Kahn "Florence Prag Kahn") * [Havenner](/wiki/Franck_R._Havenner "Franck R. Havenner") * [Rolph](/wiki/Thomas_Rolph "Thomas Rolph") * [Havenner](/wiki/Franck_R._Havenner "Franck R. Havenner") * [Mailliard](/wiki/William_S._Mailliard "William S. Mailliard") * [Leggett](/wiki/Robert_Leggett "Robert Leggett") * [Fazio](/wiki/Vic_Fazio "Vic Fazio") * [Doolittle](/wiki/John_Doolittle "John Doolittle") * [McClintock](/wiki/Tom_McClintock "Tom McClintock") * [M. Thompson](/wiki/Mike_Thompson "Mike Thompson") |
| [5th district](/wiki/California%27s_5th_congressional_district "California's 5th congressional district") | * [Felton](/wiki/Charles_N._Felton "Charles N. Felton") * [Clunie](/wiki/Thomas_J._Clunie "Thomas J. Clunie") * [Loud](/wiki/Eugene_F._Loud "Eugene F. Loud") * [Wynn](/wiki/William_J._Wynn "William J. Wynn") * [Hayes](/wiki/Everis_A._Hayes "Everis A. Hayes") * [J. Nolan](/wiki/John_I._Nolan "John I. Nolan") * [M. Nolan](/wiki/Mae_Nolan "Mae Nolan") * [Flaherty](/wiki/Lawrence_J._Flaherty "Lawrence J. Flaherty") * [Welch](/wiki/Richard_J._Welch "Richard J. Welch") * [Shelley](/wiki/John_F._Shelley "John F. Shelley") * [P. Burton](/wiki/Phillip_Burton "Phillip Burton") * [J. Burton](/wiki/John_Burton_(American_politician) "John Burton (American politician)") * [P. Burton](/wiki/Phillip_Burton "Phillip Burton") * [S. Burton](/wiki/Sala_Burton "Sala Burton") * [Pelosi](/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi "Nancy Pelosi") * [B.


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Matsui](/wiki/Bob_Matsui "Bob Matsui") * [D. Matsui](/wiki/Doris_Matsui "Doris Matsui") * [M. Thompson](/wiki/Mike_Thompson "Mike Thompson") * [McClintock](/wiki/Tom_McClintock "Tom McClintock") |
| [6th district](/wiki/California%27s_6th_congressional_district "California's 6th congressional district") | * [Markham](/wiki/Henry_Markham "Henry Markham") * [Vandever](/wiki/William_Vandever "William Vandever") * [Bowers](/wiki/William_W._Bowers "William W. Bowers") * [Cannon](/wiki/Marion_Cannon "Marion Cannon") * [McLachlan](/wiki/James_McLachlan_(American_politician) "James McLachlan (American politician)") * [Barlow](/wiki/Charles_A._Barlow "Charles A. Barlow") * [Waters](/wiki/Russell_J._Waters "Russell J. Waters") * [McLachlan](/wiki/James_McLachlan_(American_politician) "James McLachlan (American politician)") * [Needham](/wiki/James_C._Needham "James C. Needham") * [Knowland](/wiki/Joseph_R._Knowland "Joseph R. Knowland") * [Elston](/wiki/John_A._Elston "John A. Elston") * [MacLafferty](/wiki/James_H._MacLafferty "James H. MacLafferty") * [Carter](/wiki/Albert_E._Carter "Albert E. Carter") * [G. P. Miller](/wiki/George_P._Miller "George P. Miller") * [Condon](/wiki/Robert_Condon "Robert Condon") * [Baldwin](/wiki/John_F._Baldwin_Jr. "John F. Baldwin Jr.") * [Mailliard](/wiki/William_S._Mailliard "William S. Mailliard") * [J. Burton](/wiki/John_Burton_(American_politician) "John Burton (American politician)") * [P.


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content:
Burton](/wiki/Phillip_Burton "Phillip Burton") * [Boxer](/wiki/Barbara_Boxer "Barbara Boxer") * [Woolsey](/wiki/Lynn_Woolsey "Lynn Woolsey") * [D. Matsui](/wiki/Doris_Matsui "Doris Matsui") * [Bera](/wiki/Ami_Bera "Ami Bera") |
| [7th district](/wiki/California%27s_7th_congressional_district "California's 7th congressional district") | * [Bowers](/wiki/William_W._Bowers "William W. Bowers") * [Castle](/wiki/Curtis_H._Castle "Curtis H. Castle") * [Needham](/wiki/James_C._Needham "James C. Needham") * [McLachlan](/wiki/James_McLachlan_(American_politician) "James McLachlan (American politician)") * [Stephens](/wiki/William_Stephens_(American_politician) "William Stephens (American politician)") * [Church](/wiki/Denver_S._Church "Denver S. Church") * [Barbour](/wiki/Henry_E._Barbour "Henry E. Barbour") * [Eltse](/wiki/Ralph_R._Eltse "Ralph R. Eltse") * [Tolan](/wiki/John_H._Tolan "John H. Tolan") * [Allen](/wiki/John_J._Allen_Jr. "John J. Allen Jr.") * [Cohelan](/wiki/Jeffery_Cohelan "Jeffery Cohelan") * [Dellums](/wiki/Ron_Dellums "Ron Dellums") * [G. Miller III](/wiki/George_Miller_(California_politician) "George Miller (California politician)") * [Bera](/wiki/Ami_Bera "Ami Bera") * [D. Matsui](/wiki/Doris_Matsui "Doris Matsui") |
| [8th district](/wiki/California%27s_8th_congressional_district "California's 8th congressional district") | * [Daniels](/wiki/Milton_J._Daniels "Milton J. Daniels") * [Smith](/wiki/Sylvester_C._Smith "Sylvester C.


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Smith") * [Hayes](/wiki/Everis_A._Hayes "Everis A. Hayes") * [Hersman](/wiki/Hugh_S._Hersman "Hugh S. Hersman") * [Free](/wiki/Arthur_M._Free "Arthur M. Free") * [McGrath](/wiki/John_J._McGrath "John J. McGrath") * [Anderson](/wiki/Jack_Z._Anderson "Jack Z. Anderson") * [G. P. Miller](/wiki/George_P._Miller "George P. Miller") * [Stark](/wiki/Pete_Stark "Pete Stark") * [Dellums](/wiki/Ron_Dellums "Ron Dellums") * [Pelosi](/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi "Nancy Pelosi") * [Cook](/wiki/Paul_Cook_(politician) "Paul Cook (politician)") * [Obernolte](/wiki/Jay_Obernolte "Jay Obernolte") * [Garamendi](/wiki/John_Garamendi "John Garamendi") |
| [9th district](/wiki/California%27s_9th_congressional_district "California's 9th congressional district") | * [Bell](/wiki/Charles_W._Bell "Charles W. Bell") * [Randall](/wiki/Charles_Hiram_Randall "Charles Hiram Randall") * [Lineberger](/wiki/Walter_F._Lineberger "Walter F. Lineberger") * [Evans](/wiki/William_E._Evans_(politician) "William E. Evans (politician)") * [Church](/wiki/Denver_S._Church "Denver S. Church") * [Gearhart](/wiki/Bertrand_W._Gearhart "Bertrand W. Gearhart") * [White](/wiki/Cecil_F._White "Cecil F. White") * [Hunter](/wiki/Allan_O._Hunter "Allan O. Hunter") * [Younger](/wiki/J._Arthur_Younger "J.


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Arthur Younger") * [Edwards](/wiki/Don_Edwards "Don Edwards") * [Stark](/wiki/Pete_Stark "Pete Stark") * [Dellums](/wiki/Ron_Dellums "Ron Dellums") * [Lee](/wiki/Barbara_Lee "Barbara Lee") * [McNerney](/wiki/Jerry_McNerney "Jerry McNerney") * [Harder](/wiki/Josh_Harder "Josh Harder") |
| [10th district](/wiki/California%27s_10th_congressional_district "California's 10th congressional district") | * [Stephens](/wiki/William_Stephens_(American_politician) "William Stephens (American politician)") * [Benedict](/wiki/Henry_S._Benedict "Henry S. Benedict") * [Osborne](/wiki/Henry_Z._Osborne "Henry Z. Osborne") * [Fredericks](/wiki/John_D._Fredericks "John D. Fredericks") * [Crail](/wiki/Joe_Crail "Joe Crail") * [Stubbs](/wiki/Henry_E._Stubbs "Henry E. Stubbs") * [Elliott](/wiki/Alfred_J._Elliott "Alfred J. Elliott") * [Werdel](/wiki/Thomas_H._Werdel "Thomas H. Werdel") * [Gubser](/wiki/Charles_Gubser "Charles Gubser") * [Edwards](/wiki/Don_Edwards "Don Edwards") * [Baker](/wiki/Bill_Baker_(politician) "Bill Baker (politician)") * [Tauscher](/wiki/Ellen_Tauscher "Ellen Tauscher") * [Garamendi](/wiki/John_Garamendi "John Garamendi") * [Denham](/wiki/Jeff_Denham "Jeff Denham") * [Harder](/wiki/Josh_Harder "Josh Harder") * [DeSaulnier](/wiki/Mark_DeSaulnier "Mark DeSaulnier") |.


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| [Authority control databases](/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control") [Edit this at Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699334#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata") | |
| --- | --- |
| International | * [ISNI](https://isni.org/isni/0000000082302467) * [VIAF](https://viaf.org/viaf/50702654) * [GND](https://d-nb.info/gnd/1055499326) * [FAST](https://id.worldcat.org/fast/206728) * [WorldCat](https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbMdyTcHgFByMpT9KYgKd) |
| National | * [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86039360) * [Norway](https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/4021108) |
| People | * [US Congress](http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000447) |
| Other | * [Open Library](https://openlibrary.org/works/OL1477528A?mode=all) * [SNAC](https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6z322m6) * [Yale LUX](https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/a667f446-74a2-477d-b577-ff1c55e3badb) |

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* [1819 births](/wiki/Category:1819_births "Category:1819 births")
* [1900 deaths](/wiki/Category:1900_deaths "Category:1900 deaths")
* [19th-century American businesspeople](/wiki/Category:19th-century_American_businesspeople "Category:19th-century American businesspeople")
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JOHN BIDWELL - BIDWELL MANSION ASSOCIATION



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## JOHN BIDWELL (1819–1900)



![Old photo of John Bidwell](/uploads/2/4/5/8/24581729/editor/john-bidwell.jpg?1487451561)

John Bidwell

In 1841 at the age of 22, John Bidwell became one of the first pioneers to cross the Sierra Nevada to California.  Bidwell became deeply involved in the development of his adopted state, its agriculture and what is now the city of Chico.  By the 1850s, Bidwell had purchased more than 30,000 acres.  He then built a General Store, a Hotel, a Post Office, and a Flour Mill.  In 1860, Bidwell helped lay out the town of Chico, which he named.  Three years later, Governor Leland Stanford made him a Brigadier General in the California State Militia.
 
 
**A Proud Californian**
 
During his early days in California, Bidwell served as business manager for another well-known California Pioneer – John Sutter.  Bidwell personally carried the first gold discovery near the Middle Fork of the Feather River.  Acting as both miner and merchant, Bidwell used the Gold Rush to build his financial resources.  He used this money to further his new state in the agricultural and public service arenas.


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**A Great Statesman**
 
From 1865 to 1866, Bidwell served California as its representative in the United States Congress.  In the House of Representatives, he was a member of the House Agricultural Committee and introduced legislation that led to the completion of the California and Oregon Railroad.  By 1870, the railroad's tracks ran through his Rancho and the town of Chico.
 
 
**The Bidwells At Home**
 
John Bidwell had already begun work on his three story, 26 room mansion on Rancho Chico before he met his wife Annie.  San Francisco architect Henry W. Cleaveland designed the grand house.  Completed in 1868, it had running water, flush toilets, modern gas lights and an air cooling system.
 
 
A proponent of higher education, Bidwell donated eight acres of his Cherry orchard  in the 1880s to a teacher's college called Chico State Normal School (later renamed California State University, Chico).  Bidwell died in 1900.  The Bidwells had no children, so Annie willed her home to her church to be used as a school.  The Normal School bought the Mansion in 1923.  The Bidwell's home was used as a dormitory and was later used as offices and classrooms before California State Parks acquired the Mansion in 1964.
 
 
Displayed in the fully furnished home are both original and period pieces, including Mrs.


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Bidwell's piano, local Native American baskets and the Bidwell's eclectic library.
 
 
**An "Agricultural Eden"**
 
Until his death in 1900, Bidwell worked to build an agricultural showplace.  Wheat and flour production enabled Bidwell to finance ventures in specialty crops.  He would harvest his gold medal winning wheat, grind it into flour in his mill and have the cook make it into biscuits the same day.  He called the results "up-to-the minute biscuits."
 
 
Bidwell fostered the development of the Casaba Melon and produced California's first commercial Raisin crop.  Many specimen trees he planted still stand, including a Cockspur Coral, a Tulip tree, a
*Ginkgo Biloba*
, Italian cypresses, a South American Monkey Puzzle and a huge Sourthern Magnolia.
 
 
**Native People**
 
The Mechoopda, who spoke the Konkow language, lived on Little Butte Creek about 3 1/2 miles from what is now downtown Chico.  The land was abundant with plants and animals that allowed the Mechoopda to nourish their body and spirit.  Their skills at basketry enabled the native people to collect, transport, store and cook their food.
 
 
With the discovery of gold and the influx of miners and settlers, the lives of the native people changed forever.  An enduring relationship was established when John Bidwell was befriended by the Mechoopda after he purchased the Mexican land grant of Rancho del Arroyo Chico.  Most Mechoopda, as well as residents from other villages, moved to Bidwell's ranch, where they worked.
 
 
Today the Mechoopda people are a vibrant community and stewards of their ancestral land..


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---

![Bidwell Mansion Association, Chico, California](/uploads/2/4/5/8/24581729/editor/bma-full-header-2_1.png?1487578778)

Bidwell Mansion Association
 
PO Box 1303
 
Chico, California 95927
 
[[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#70191e161f5e12191407151c1c1d111e03191f1e1103031f13191104191f1e30171d11191c5e131f1d)
 
530-588-0476

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John Bidwell of Chico, CA Life Story | AdmiredLife.com



![Profile Picture](assets/306x600.jpg)

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### Memorial Provided By

[Paradise Pictures, LLC](http://www.paradisepictures.com)
 
Chico, CA
 
(800) 960-8040

# Life Story

John Bidwell was known throughout California and across the
nation as an important pioneer, farmer, soldier, statesman, politician,
prohibitionist and philanthropist. He is famous for leading one of the first
emigrant parties, known as the Bartleson–Bidwell Party, along the California
Trail, and for founding Chico, California.

Bidwell was born in Chautauqua County, New York. The Bidwell
family was originally from England and came to America in the colonial era.  The Bidwell family moved to Erie, Pennsylvania
in 1829, and then to Ashtabula County, Ohio in 1831. At age 17, he attended and
shortly thereafter became Principal of Kingsville Academy.


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In 1841 Bidwell became one of the first emigrants on the
California Trail. John Sutter employed Bidwell as his business manager shortly
after Bidwell's arrival in California. Shortly after the James W. Marshall's
discovery at Sutter's Mill, Bidwell also discovered gold on the Feather River
establishing a productive claim at Bidwell Bar in advance of the California
Gold Rush. Bidwell obtained the four square league Rancho Los Ulpinos land
grant after being naturalized as a Mexican citizen in 1844, and the two square
league Rancho Colus grant on the Sacramento River in 1845; later selling that
grant and buying Rancho Arroyo Chico on Chico Creek to establish a ranch and
farm.

Bidwell obtained the rank of major while fighting in the
Mexican–American War. He served in the California Senate in 1849, supervised
the census of California in 1850 and again in 1860. He was a delegate to the
1860 national convention of the Democratic Party. He was appointed brigadier
general of the California Militia in 1863. He was a delegate to the national
convention of the Republican Party in 1864 and was a Republican member of
Congress from 1865 to 1867.


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In 1865, General Bidwell backed a petition from settlers at
Red Bluff, California to protect Red Bluff's trail to the Owhyhee Mines of
Idaho. The United States Army commissioned 7 forts for this purpose, and
selected a site near Fandango Pass at the base of the Warner Mountains in the
north end of Surprise Valley, and on June 10, 1865 ordered Fort Bidwell to be
built there. The fort was built amid escalating fighting with the Snake Indians
of eastern Oregon and southern Idaho.[6] It was a base for operations in the
Snake War that lasted until 1868 and the later Modoc War. Although traffic
dwindled on the Red Bluff route once the Central Pacific Railroad extended into
Nevada in 1868, the Army staffed Fort Bidwell to quell various uprisings and
disturbances until 1890. A Paiute reservation and small community maintain the
name Fort Bidwell.

**Annie and John Bidwell**

His wife, Annie Kennedy Bidwell, was the daughter of Joseph
C. G. Kennedy, a socially prominent, high ranking Washington official in the
United States Census Bureau who was active in the Whig party. She was deeply
religious, and committed to a number of moral and social causes. Annie was very
active in the suffrage and prohibition movements.


path: web_results/memorials_1908.html
title: John Bidwell of Chico, CA Life Story | AdmiredLife.com
content:
The Bidwells were married April 16, 1868 in Washington, D.C.
with then President Andrew Johnson and future President Ulysses S. Grant among
the guests. Upon arrival in Chico, the Bidwells used their mansion extensively
for entertainment of friends. Some of the guests who visited Bidwell Mansion included
President Rutherford B. Hayes, General William T. Sherman, Susan B. Anthony,
Frances Willard, Governor Leland Stanford, John Muir, Joseph Dalton Hooker and
Asa Gray.

**Politics**

In 1875 Bidwell ran for Governor of California on the
Anti-Monopoly Party ticket. As a strong advocate of the temperance movement, he
presided over the Prohibition Party state convention in 1888 and was the
Prohibition candidate for governor in 1880.[2]

In 1892, Bidwell was the Prohibition Party candidate for President
of the United States. The Bidwell/Cranfill ticket came in fourth place and
received 271,058 votes, or 2.3% nationwide. It was the largest total vote and
highest percentage of the vote received by any Prohibition Party national
ticket.

John Bidwell's autobiography, Echoes of the Past, was
published in 1900.

### Memorial Provided By

[Paradise Pictures, LLC](http://www.paradisepictures.com)
 
Chico, CA
 
(800) 960-8040


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John Bidwell | California pioneer, explorer, farmer | Britannica




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[John Bidwell](https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bidwell)

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# John Bidwell

American politician

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title: John Bidwell | California pioneer, explorer, farmer | Britannica
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**John Bidwell**
(born Aug. 5, 1819,
[Chautauqua](https://www.britannica.com/place/Chautauqua-county-New-York)
County, N.Y., U.S.—died April 4, 1900, near
[Sacramento](https://www.britannica.com/place/Sacramento-California)
, Calif.) was a
[California](https://www.britannica.com/place/California-state)
civic and political leader who ran unsuccessfully for U.S. president in 1892 as the candidate of the Prohibition Party.







The Bidwell family moved from
[New York](https://www.britannica.com/place/New-York-state)
to Pennsylvania in 1829 and to Ohio in 1831. In 1836 Bidwell walked 300 miles from the family home in Ashtabula to enroll at Kingsville Academy—of which he was made principal the following year at the age of 17.







After returning to Ashtabula to accept a teaching position, Bidwell moved west, settling temporarily in Missouri before joining the first emigrant group to travel by
[wagon train](https://www.britannica.com/topic/wagon-train)
from the town of Independence to California. On arrival there, Bidwell went to work at Sutter’s Fort and, after a few years, became a naturalized Mexican citizen. Reluctant to join the

[Bear Flag revolt](https://www.britannica.com/event/Bear-Flag-Revolt)
of Americans in California against Mexico, he nonetheless helped draw up the Bear Flag Republic’s resolution of independence in July 1846.


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title: John Bidwell | California pioneer, explorer, farmer | Britannica
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Bidwell fought in the
[Mexican War](https://www.britannica.com/event/Mexican-American-War)
, marching to Monterey (California) with Colonel John C. Frémont, serving as civil magistrate in Los Angeles, and finally assisting Commodore
[Robert F. Stockton](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-F-Stockton-United-States-naval-officer)
in the recapture of Los Angeles in 1847. At the end of the war he returned to Sutter’s Fort and became the first to find gold on the Feather River.







With his newly discovered wealth Bidwell purchased a 22,000-acre ranch, Rancho
[Chico](https://www.britannica.com/place/Chico-California)
, north of Sacramento. There he became the state’s leading agriculturalist while simultaneously taking a prominent role in California politics. He served in the state senate and was a
[delegate](https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/delegate)
to several Democratic Party national conventions. With the advent of the Civil War, Bidwell, a staunch Unionist, became a supporter of Lincoln.

Quick Facts

Born:
: Aug. 5, 1819, Chautauqua County, N.Y.,
 [U.S.](/place/United-States)

*(Show more)*

Died:
: April 4, 1900, near Sacramento, Calif. (aged 80)

*(Show more)*

Political Affiliation:
: [Democratic Party](/topic/Democratic-Party)
: [Prohibition Party](/topic/Prohibition-Party)

*(Show more)*

[See all related content](/facts/John-Bidwell)


path: web_results/biography_John-Bidwell.html
title: John Bidwell | California pioneer, explorer, farmer | Britannica
content:
Elected to the House of Representatives in 1864, Bidwell declined renomination in order to run for governor of California on the Republican ticket in 1867; his bid was unsuccessful, as were his two others, one in 1875 as an anti-monopolist independent and another in 1890 as a candidate of the

[Prohibition Party](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Prohibition-Party)
, which nominated him for president in 1892.

This article was most recently revised and updated by
[Encyclopaedia Britannica](/contributor/encyclopaedia-britannica/12989892)
.


path: web_results/2025_04_24_chico-state-historian-dug-deep-tell-bidwell-story.html
title: Chico State historian dug deep to tell the Bidwell story - ChicoSol News
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Chico State historian dug deep to tell the Bidwell story - ChicoSol News


[Skip to the content](#content)

Historian Michele Shover’s effort to tell a more nuanced story of John Bidwell, considered the founder of Chico, began in 1989 when a footnote in a book caught her by surprise.

![](assets/John_Bidwell_1866_Crop-238x300.jpg)

photo courtesy of Wikipedia

John Bidwell

“I found it diametrically opposed to what people thought about Bidwell,” Shover said of the passage containing the footnote.

[Shover](https://www.csuchico.edu/erfsa/honorees/2011/michele-shover.shtml)
, now 83, is retired from Chico State where she served as chair of the Department of Political Science. Her research on John Bidwell and Northern California Indian-settler conflicts of the 1850s has often been cited; she published articles based on primary research on Butte County history during more than four decades.

Over 20 years, Shover gathered all the historical data that she could find about Native Americans from this area from various sources, “whether it was newspapers, academic studies, correspondence, diaries,” she said.

At the beginning, she found it difficult to understand the reports written by local Indians, even though these had been recorded in English, “because they had a different sense of narrative. They have a different sense of time.”


path: web_results/2025_04_24_chico-state-historian-dug-deep-tell-bidwell-story.html
title: Chico State historian dug deep to tell the Bidwell story - ChicoSol News
url:
https://git.client.guacamolebox.net/butterfly/ragdocs/raw/branch/main/web_results/2025_04_24_chico-state-historian-dug-deep-tell-bidwell-story.html

content:
She described her research as comparable to putting together a puzzle and refrained from reliance on work by present-day writers. Shover to this day is proud of this approach: “In my experience, some of the modern writers had tapped into a few of these sources, but no one I found had done as broad and deep a search as mine.”

After years of research, Shover published a book, “California Standoff: Miners, Indians and Farmers at War,” in 2017.

One of the nuanced stories Shover tells is about the treaty that was known as the
[U.S. Treaty of 1851](https://www.mechoopda-nsn.gov/history/treaties)
. People often think that Bidwell, who helped organize a treaty meeting in 1851, played an important role in advancing the contract that reserved a 227-square-mile tract for the tribes.

![](https://chicosol.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Michelle-Shover-1-300x200.jpg)

photo by Yucheng Tang

Michele Shover

But Shover found a different story through her research. She said Bidwell wrote a letter to California Congressman Joseph McCorkle and U.S. Sen. William Gwin after the meeting, recommending they not ratify the treaty. “He wrote it from a perspective as if he was protecting the Indians, but he was really protecting his control (of his Indian labor force),” Shover said.

“Should the Mechoopdas move to a reservation, he would lose a great asset — his substantial, cheap, available and usually stable Indian workforce,” Shover wrote in her 2017 book.


path: web_results/2025_04_24_chico-state-historian-dug-deep-tell-bidwell-story.html
title: Chico State historian dug deep to tell the Bidwell story - ChicoSol News
url:
https://git.client.guacamolebox.net/butterfly/ragdocs/raw/branch/main/web_results/2025_04_24_chico-state-historian-dug-deep-tell-bidwell-story.html

content:
The
[Mechoopda Indian Tribe website](https://www.mechoopda-nsn.gov/)
explains that the U.S. Senate secretly rejected treaties signed during the 1851-52 period.

In a
[2011 speech](https://media.csuchico.edu/media/John+Bidwell+and+the+1851+Indian+Treaty/0_u7m8xn9f/66947152)
at Chico State, Shover shared a heart-wrenching detail about the labor exploitation on Bidwell’s ranch.

During the wheat harvest on the ranch, the wheat was spread in a huge circle and was separated from the chaff by having massive herds of horses racing around on top of the wheat. “The way they stopped the horses was, they sent the Indians out in front of them,” Shover said, pausing for a few seconds with a solemn expression after sharing detail of this dangerous work.

“He did things that I really regret,” Shover told ChicoSol on an early spring afternoon in the study of her Chapmantown home where, when this reporter arrived, she had been watching television news. However, Shover also thinks it’s important to recognize the good things Bidwell did and said she considers his “larger impact more positive than negative.”

Shover agrees with many community residents who note that the Mechoopda people were not well represented in the previous Bidwell Mansion State Historic Park, and would also like to see two new memorial structures on the park property.
*(Read our story on the
[Bidwell Mansion rebuild here](https://chicosol.org/2025/04/13/fire-aftermath-bidwell-mansions-future-still-unclear/)
.)*


path: web_results/2025_04_24_chico-state-historian-dug-deep-tell-bidwell-story.html
title: Chico State historian dug deep to tell the Bidwell story - ChicoSol News
content:
According to her, Bidwell moved the indigenous valley village “sort of more behind” the headquarters of the ranch to protect its residents from attack by the
[mountain Maidu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maidu)
, another subgroup of local Native Americans; on one occasion he brought a doctor from Sacramento to save the life of a Mechoopda tribal member, who had been shot by mountain Maidu.

“He taught them skills. He never demanded that they stay. They could have left. But most of them stayed,” Shover noted. “When I started this (research), I was pretty skeptical about John Bidwell. The more I did it, the more I saw the complexity of the situation.”

When Shover was growing up, there was a common belief in white culture that Indians were bad and settlers were good, and when the counterculture emerged decades later, the settlers became evil and the Indians became “good,” she said.

But Shover tried to sidestep such simplifications in her work, and in her book, shows the complexity of the interplay between groups.

Her efforts were rewarded when she says she was thanked on two occasions by local Native people. In one case, a young man came up to her when she was shopping in a store downtown. The man said he was a member of the mountain Maidu group, and told Shover, “I want to thank you. You were so fair in writing this book.”


path: web_results/2025_04_24_chico-state-historian-dug-deep-tell-bidwell-story.html
title: Chico State historian dug deep to tell the Bidwell story - ChicoSol News
content:
*This is the third story in a three-part series on the fire that destroyed Bidwell Mansion and the role the Mansion played in our community. Read the first story
[here](https://chicosol.org/2025/04/13/fire-aftermath-bidwell-mansions-future-still-unclear/)
and the second
[here](https://chicosol.org/2025/04/18/carlson-serving-time-bidwell-mansion-arson/)
.*

*Yucheng Tang is a California Local News Fellow reporting for ChicoSol.*



![](https://chicosol.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/ChicoSol-people_0008_Yucheng-150x150.jpg)

##### [Yucheng Tang](https://chicosol.org/author/yucheng-tang/)

Yucheng Tang is a California Local News fellow who began reporting full-time for ChicoSol in September 2024. Tang completed an MFA at New York University in narrative nonfiction writing and covers city government at ChicoSol. He received a national health fellowship from the University of Southern California after arriving that funded a two-part series on Butte County’s mental health diversion court.

## 1 Comment

* Charles Fredrick Withuhn

 says:

 [April 25, 2025 at 7:03 am](https://chicosol.org/2025/04/24/chico-state-historian-dug-deep-tell-bidwell-story/#comment-24459)

 Thank you for this article. A more balanced view of our local history is important to our current experiences of our civil rights.

 [Reply](#comment-24459)

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