# kb

id: rear-admiral-william-s-parsons-award-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear_Admiral_William_S._Parsons_Award-0.md
category: reference
title: Rear Admiral William S. Parsons Award
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear_Admiral_William_S._Parsons_Award
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:10:52.081604+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: rear-admiral-william-s-parsons-award-20260505-0
summary:
The Rear Admiral William S. Parsons Award for Scientific and Technical Progress is awarded each year by the Navy League of the United States to a Navy or Marine Corps officer, enlisted person or civilian, who has made an outstanding contribution in any field of science that has furthered the development and progress of the US Navy or Marine Corps. The award is named for Admiral William Sterling Parsons. The award is presented with a certificate and a watch along with other Professional Excellence Awards (Sea Service Awards) at the National Convention of the Navy League of the United States. The award is described by the Navy League of the United States as: "The Rear Admiral William S. Parsons Award is named for Admiral Parsons in recognition of his dedication to all aspects of scientific and technical advances and who was responsible to a marked degree for ensuring that the U.S. Navy remained in operational consonance with the ever-shifting and increasing demands of the changing world. Presented since 1957, this award for scientific and technical progress is awarded to a Navy or Marine Corps officer, enlisted person or civilian who has made an outstanding contribution in any field of science


id: redi-award-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redi_Award-0.md
category: reference
title: Redi Award
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redi_Award
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:10:53.424775+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: redi-award-20260505-0
summary:
Redi Award is an international science award given to scientists who have made significant contributions in toxinology, the scientific study of venoms, poisons and toxins. The award is sponsored by the International Society on Toxinology (ISI). == Origin == Osservazioni intorno alle vipere (Observations about the Viper) written by an Italian polymath Francesco Redi in 1664 is regarded as the milestone in the beginning of toxinology research. Redi was the first scientist to elucidate the scientific basis of snakebite and venom of the viper. He showed for the first time that the viper venom comes from the fang, not the gallbladder as it was believed; that it is not poisonous when swallowed, and effective only when it enters the bloodstream. He even demonstrated the possibility of slowing down the venom action in the blood by tight ligature before the wound. This work is heralded as the foundation of toxinology. In honour of the pioneer, the International Society on Toxinology (ISI) instituted the Redi Award in 1967 in recognition of scientists for their significant contributions in toxinology research. == Nature of the award == The IST awards scientists or clinicians who have made outstanding contributions to the field of toxinology. The


id: research-parasite-award-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_Parasite_Award-0.md
category: reference
title: Research Parasite Award
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_Parasite_Award
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:10:54.762767+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: research-parasite-award-20260505-0
summary:
The Research Parasite Award is an honor given annually at the Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing to recognize scientists who study previously published data in ways not anticipated by the researchers who first generated it. The tongue-in-cheek name of the award refers to a New England Journal of Medicine editorial that coined the term "research parasite" to disparage such work. The idea was first suggested on Twitter by Iowa State University researcher Iddo Friedberg shortly after the editorial was published, and was then initiated by Casey Greene, a pharmacologist at the University of Pennsylvania. Two Research Parasite Awards are given to recognize scientists who have made outstanding and rigorous contributions to analysis of secondary data in biology. Recipients must reuse data generated by someone else to extend, replicate, or disprove a research study in a reproducible manner. The junior parasite award recognizes an outstanding contribution from an early career scientist such as a postdoctoral, graduate, or undergraduate trainee. The senior parasitism award recognizes an individual who has engaged in exemplary research parasitism for a sustained period of time. Since the launch of the award in 2017, a travel grant to attend the Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing has been provided to the


id: r-ssler-prize-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rössler_Prize-0.md
category: reference
title: Rössler Prize
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rössler_Prize
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:10:56.069681+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: r-ssler-prize-20260505-0
summary:
The Rössler Prize, offered by the ETH Zurich Foundation, is a monetary prize that has been awarded annually since 2009 to a promising young tenured professor of the ETH Zurich in the middle of an accelerating career. The prize of 200,000 Swiss Francs is financed by the returns from an endowment made by Max Rössler, an alumnus of the ETH. The prize money has to be used for the research of the laureate. == Laureates == 2009: Nenad Ban, Microbiology 2010: Gerald Haug, Geology of Climate 2011: Andreas Wallraff, Solid State Physics 2012: Nicola Spaldin, Material Science 2013: Olivier Voinnet, RNA Biology 2014: Christian Wolfrum, Health Sciences and Technology 2015: David J. Norris, Mechanical and Process Engineering 2016: Christophe Copéret, Chemistry and Applied Biosciences 2017: Olga Sorkine-Hornung, Computer Science 2018: Philippe Block, Architecture 2019: Maksym Kovalenko, Inorganic chemistry/Nanotechnology 2020: Paola Picotti, Biology 2021: Andreas Krause (computer scientist), Machine Learning 2022: Tanja Stadler, Mathematics and Computational evolutionary biology 2023: Siddhartha Mishra, Mathematics 2024: Marco Hutter, Robotics 2025: Florian Dörfler, Control engineering == See also == Science and technology in Switzerland Prizes named after people == References == == External links == Official website


id: royal-norwegian-society-of-sciences-and-letters-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Society_of_Sciences_and_Letters-0.md
category: reference
title: Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Society_of_Sciences_and_Letters
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:10:57.363685+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: royal-norwegian-society-of-sciences-and-letters-20260505-0
summary:
The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (Danish: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab, DKNVS) is a Norwegian learned society based in Trondheim. It was founded in 1760 and is Norway's oldest scientific and scholarly institution. The society's Protector is King Harald V of Norway. Its membership consists of no more than 435 members elected for life among the country's most prominent scholars and scientists. The society’s Danish name predates both written standards for Norwegian and has remained unchanged after Norway’s independence from Denmark in 1814 and the spelling reforms of the 20th century. == History == DKNVS was founded in 1760 by the bishop of Nidaros Johan Ernst Gunnerus, headmaster at the Trondheim Cathedral School Gerhard Schøning and Councillor of State Peter Frederik Suhm under the name Det Trondhiemske Selskab (the Trondheim Society). From 1761 it published academic papers in a series titled Skrifter. It was the northernmost learned society in the world, and was established in a time when Norway did not have universities or colleges. It received the royal affirmation of its statutes on 17 July 1767, and was given its present name at a ceremony on 29 January 1788, king Christian VII of Denmark's birthday. In


id: royal-norwegian-society-of-sciences-and-letters-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Society_of_Sciences_and_Letters-1.md
category: reference
title: Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Society_of_Sciences_and_Letters
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:10:57.363685+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: royal-norwegian-society-of-sciences-and-letters-20260505-0
summary:
1999 Baard Kasa (science) and Kaja Borthen (humanities) 2000 Ørjan Johansen (science) and Toril Aalberg (humanities) 2001 Magne Lygren (science) and Marianne Ryghaug (humanities) 2002 Alexander Øhrn (science) and Tanja Ellingsenand (humanities) 2003 Sigurd Weidemann Løvseth (science) and Cathrine Brun (humanities) 2004 Bård Gunnar Stokke (science) and Anne Beate Maurseth (humanities) 2005 Sigurd Einum (science) and Dag Trygve Truslew Haug (humanities) 2006 Marianne Fyhn (science), Torkel Hafting Fyhn (science) and Halvard Buhaug, (humanities) 2007 Marit Sletmoen (science) 2008 Jill Kristin Lautgeb (science) and Jo Jakobsen (humanities) 2009 Xavier Raynaud (science) and Terje Andreas Eikemo (humanities) 2010 Petter Andreas Bergh (science), Jacob Linder (science) and Jon Hernes Fiva (humanities) 2011 Simen Ådnøy Ellingsen (science) and Thomas Hegghammer (humanities) 2012 Sverre Magnus Selbach (science) and Martin Wåhlberg (humanities) 2013 Yasser Roudi (science) and Theresa M. Olasveengen (science) 2014 Andriy Bondarenko (science) and Terje Lohndal (humanities) 2015 Steffen Oppermann (science) and Ivar Berg (humanities) 2016 Jannike Solsvik (science) and Siv Gøril Brandtzæg (humanities) 2017 David Bassett (science) and Mats Ingulstad (humanities) 2018 Marie Elisabeth Rognes (science) and Trond Nordfjærn (humanities) === The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters scientific annual prize === Source: 1984 Linda R. White and Terje Espevik 1985 Jan


id: russell-varian-prize-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Varian_Prize-0.md
category: reference
title: Russell Varian Prize
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Varian_Prize
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:10:58.537385+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: russell-varian-prize-20260505-0
summary:
The Russell Varian Prize was an international scientific prize awarded for a single, high-impact and innovative contribution in the field of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), that laid the foundation for the development of new technologies in the field. It honored the memory of Russell Varian, the pioneer behind the creation of the first commercial NMR spectrometer and the co-founder, in 1948, of Varian Associates, one of the first high-tech companies in Silicon Valley. The prize carried a monetary award of €15,000 and it was awarded annually between the years 2002 and 2015 (except for 2003) by a committee of experts in the field. The award ceremony alternated between the European Magnetic Resonance (EUROMAR) Conference and the International Council on Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems (ICMRBS) Conference. Originally, the prize was sponsored by Varian, Inc. and later by Agilent Technologies, after the latter acquired Varian, Inc. in 2010. The prize was discontinued in 2016 after Agilent Technologies closed its NMR division. == Russell Varian Prize Awardees == 2002 Jean Jeener. Contribution: Multi-dimensional Fourier NMR spectroscopy. Jeener, J. (September 1971). Lecture. Ampère International Summer School II. Basko Polje, Yugoslavia. 2004 Erwin L. Hahn. Contribution: Spin echo phenomena and experiments. 2005 Nicolaas Bloembergen.


id: sarah-berliner-research-fellowship-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Berliner_Research_Fellowship-0.md
category: reference
title: Sarah Berliner Research Fellowship
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Berliner_Research_Fellowship
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:03.695850+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: sarah-berliner-research-fellowship-20260505-0
summary:
The Sarah Berliner Research Fellowship for Women was established in 1908 by Emile Berliner in honor of his mother, and first awarded in 1909. The fellowship was award biennially and provided $1200 to support a woman studying physics, chemistry, or biology in either America or Europe. The fellowship was open to women holding the degree of doctor of philosophy or otherwise capable of conducting higher research. The first chair of the awarding committee was Christine Ladd-Franklin, who was also instrumental in the establishment of the fellowship. In 1911, an increase in funding meant that the fellowship could be offered every year. == Recipients == 1909: Caroline M. McGill, zoology 1911–1912: Edna Carter 1912: Gertrude Rand, psychology 1913: Elizabeth Laird, physics 1915: Janet Howell Clark, physiology and biophysics 1916?: Ethel Browne Harvey, zoology 1916–17: Carlotta Maury, geology (confirmed by a letter to Christine Ladd Franklin from H. Ries, in box 18 of the Ladd-Franklin Archives at Columbia University) 1926: Hope Hibbard, biology and zoology 1926–27: Helen R. Downes, medicine (confirmed by the minutes of the annual meeting of the Sarah Berliner Research Fellowship Committee, 1926, in box 18 of the Ladd-Franklin Archives at Columbia University) 1928: Sally Hughes-Schrader, zoology 1934: Emma


id: sastra-cnr-rao-award-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SASTRA-CNR_Rao_Award-0.md
category: reference
title: SASTRA-CNR Rao Award
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SASTRA-CNR_Rao_Award
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:04.892654+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: sastra-cnr-rao-award-20260505-0
summary:
SASTRA-CNR Rao Award is an award instituted by SASTRA University, a private and deemed university in the town of Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, to honor excellence in chemistry and material science, the two areas in which C N R Rao has made great, important and substantial contributions. The Award was instituted in 2013 and the first award was presented jointly to Suresh Das the then Director of National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram and Sourav Pal, the Director of National Chemical Laboratory, Pune on 28 February 2014. The award carries a cash prize of Rs. 5 lakh and a citation. == Awardees == == See also == SASTRA Ramanujan Prize == References ==


id: satya-n-atluri-icces-medal-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satya_N._Atluri_ICCES_Medal-0.md
category: reference
title: Satya N. Atluri ICCES Medal
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satya_N._Atluri_ICCES_Medal
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:06.020664+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: satya-n-atluri-icces-medal-20260505-0
summary:
Satya N. Atluri ICCES Medal is a Medal awarded annually by ICCES (International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences) and Tech Science Press to an individual who has had a significant impact on the world of engineering, the sciences, and commerce, and the well-being of the society at large as a result. This Medal is presented at the Awards Banquet of the annual ICCES Conference. The recipient of the Medal is invited to deliver a Plenary Lecture, on a topic of her/his choosing, at the ICCES conference. This Medal honors Professor Satya N. Atluri of UCI, who founded ICCES in 1986, and founded the journals, "CMES: Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences" (2000), "CMC: Computers, Materials, & Continua" (2004), "MCB: Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics" (2004), "SL: Structural Longevity" (2008), and "ACM: Advances in Computational Mechanics" (2008), all of which are published by Tech Science Press. All these journals are in the frontier disciplines of engineering and the sciences, and especially at the interfaces of engineering and the sciences. Previously, Professor Atluri founded, and was Editor-in-Chief of the international journal, "Computational Mechanics", during 1986-2000. The ICCES conferences are held annually: Tokyo (1986); Atlanta (1988); Melbourne, Australia (1991); Hong Kong


id: sidney-edelstein-prize-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Edelstein_Prize-0.md
category: reference
title: Sidney Edelstein Prize
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Edelstein_Prize
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:07.256648+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: sidney-edelstein-prize-20260505-0
summary:
The Sidney Edelstein Prize, previously known as the Dexter Prize, is an award presented by the Society for the History of Technology (SHOT) to the author of an outstanding scholarly book in the field of the history of technology. The book must have been published during the preceding three years. The award was established in 1968 through the generosity of Sidney Edelstein, a historian of dyes and the founder of the Dexter Chemical Corporation. It was renamed the Sidney Edelstein Prize to honor his commitment to scholarship in the history of technology and is currently donated by his family. The prize consists of a plaque and a monetary award, which is currently $3,500. == History and design == The award was originally known as the Dexter Prize and was funded by the Dexter Chemical Corporation of New York City. When established, the prize carried a cash award of $1,000. It is awarded annually to outstanding books and monographs in the history of technology. The design of the award plaque was created by the silver sculptor Edward Widstrom. The imagery on the plaque is derived from the Plictho of Gioanventura Rosetti (1548), which is considered the first basic printed book on


id: sir-martin-wood-prize-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Martin_Wood_Prize-0.md
category: reference
title: Sir Martin Wood Prize
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Martin_Wood_Prize
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:08.459712+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: sir-martin-wood-prize-20260505-0
summary:
The Sir Martin Wood Prize is an annually presented condensed matter science prize presented in honor of Sir Martin Wood. Due to Wood's connection with and reputation in Japan, the award is given to a young scientist in Japan under the age of 45 to promote scientific exchange between Japan and Britain. Condensed matter physics, inorganic-organic chemistry, material science and surface-interface physics are eligible fields under condensed matter science. Sponsored by Oxford Instruments, the company Wood co-founded, the award comes with a cash prize of JPY 500,000 and opportunities to give invited lectures at universities in the United Kingdom. == Laureates == == See also == List of physics awards List of awards named after people == References == == External links == Prize winners (English)


id: sofia-kovalevskaya-award-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_Kovalevskaya_Award-0.md
category: reference
title: Sofia Kovalevskaya Award
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_Kovalevskaya_Award
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:09.684938+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: sofia-kovalevskaya-award-20260505-0
summary:
The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany bestowed the Sofia Kovalevskaya Award from 2002 to 2020. Sofia Kovalevskaya (1850–1891) was the first major Russian female mathematician, who made important contributions to mathematical analysis, differential equations and mechanics, and the first woman appointed to a full professorship in Northern Europe. This prestigious award named in her honor was given to promising young academics to pursue their line of research in the sciences or arts and humanities. The foundation encouraged applications from all areas of learning so long as the applicant had received a Ph.D. in the previous six years and could be categorized as "top flight" by their publications and experience as commensurate with age. There have been a total 139 awardees since the inception of the Sofia Kovalevskaya Award in 2002 until its closure in 2020. Individual awards totalled up to 1.6 million Euro each. Funds were awarded to build and lead a team of researchers for a five-year period within a German host institution. == Award winners == == References == == External links == Official website


id: stuart-ballantine-medal-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Ballantine_Medal-0.md
category: reference
title: Stuart Ballantine Medal
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Ballantine_Medal
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:11.057698+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: stuart-ballantine-medal-20260505-0
summary:
The Stuart Ballantine Medal was a science and engineering award presented by the Franklin Institute, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. It was named after the US inventor Stuart Ballantine. == Laureates == 1947 - George Clark Southworth (Physics) 1948 - Ray Davis Kell (Engineering) 1949 - Sergei A. Schelkunoff (Physics) 1952 - John Bardeen (Physics) 1952 - Walter H. Brattain (Physics) 1953 - David G. C. Luck (Engineering) 1954 - Kenneth Alva Norton (Engineering) 1955 - Claude Elwood Shannon (Computer and Cognitive Science) 1956 - Kenneth Bullington (Physics) 1957 - Robert Morris Page (Engineering) 1957 - Leo Clifford Young (Engineering) 1958 - Harald Trap Friis (Engineering) 1959 - Albert Hoyt Taylor (Engineering) 1959 - Charles H. Townes (Physics) 1960 - Rudolf Kompfner (Engineering) 1960 - Harry Nyquist (Engineering) 1960 - John R. Pierce (Engineering) 1961 - Leo Esaki (Engineering) 1961 - Nicolaas Bloembergen (Physics) 1961 - H. E. Derrick Scovill (Physics) 1962 - Ali Javan (Physics) 1962 - Theodore H. Maiman (Physics) 1962 - Arthur L. Schawlow (Physics) 1962 - Charles H. Townes (Physics) 1963 - Arthur C. Clarke (Engineering) 1965 - Homer Walter Dudley (Engineering) 1965 - Alec Harley Reeves (Engineering) 1966 - Robert N. Noyce (Computer and Cognitive Science)


id: tage-erlander-prize-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tage_Erlander_Prize-0.md
category: reference
title: Tage Erlander Prize
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tage_Erlander_Prize
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:12.306650+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: tage-erlander-prize-20260505-0
summary:
The Tage Erlander Prize (Tage Erlanders pris) is a prize awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Science "for research in Natural Sciences and Technology" in four fields (Physics, Chemistry, Technology and Biology). The prize is awarded on a rolling schedule: every year the prize is awarded for research in one of these fields. The prize commemorates Tage Erlander, who was the prime minister of Sweden from 1946 to 1969. Its 2024 recipient is mathematician Lilian Matthiesen. == References ==


id: templeton-prize-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templeton_Prize-0.md
category: reference
title: Templeton Prize
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templeton_Prize
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:13.607286+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: templeton-prize-20260505-0
summary:
The Templeton Prize is an annual award granted to a living person, in the estimation of the judges, "whose exemplary achievements advance Sir John Templeton's philanthropic vision: harnessing the power of the sciences to explore the deepest questions of the universe and humankind's place and purpose within it." It was established, funded and administered by John Templeton starting in 1972. It is co-funded by the John Templeton Foundation, Templeton Religion Trust, and Templeton World Charity Foundation, and administered by the John Templeton Foundation. The prize was originally awarded to people working in the field of religion (Mother Teresa was the first winner), but in the 1980s the scope broadened to include people working at the intersection of science and religion. Until 2001, the name of the prize was "Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion", and from 2002 to 2008 it was called the "Templeton Prize for Progress Toward Research or Discoveries about Spiritual Realities". Hindus, Christians, Jews, Buddhists and Muslims have been on the panel of judges and have been recipients of the prize. The monetary value of the prize is adjusted so that it exceeds that of the Nobel Prizes; Templeton felt, according to The Economist, that "spirituality was


id: unesco-science-prize-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO_Science_Prize-0.md
category: reference
title: UNESCO Science Prize
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO_Science_Prize
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:15.174032+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: unesco-science-prize-20260505-0
summary:
The UNESCO Science Prize is a biennial scientific prize awarded by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to "a person or group of persons for an outstanding contribution they have made to the technological development of a developing member state or region through the application of scientific and technological research (particularly in the fields of education, engineering and industrial development)." The candidates for the Science Prize are proposed to the Director-General of UNESCO by the governments of member states or by non-governmental organizations. All proposals are judged by a panel of six scientists and engineers. The prize consists of US$ $15,000, an Albert Einstein Silver Medal, and is awarded in odd years to coincide with UNESCO's General Conference. == Past Laureates == 1968: Robert Simpson Silver ( United Kingdom) "for his discovery of a process for the demineralization of sea water." 1970: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre ( Mexico) and International Rice Research Institute ( Philippines) "for their work which made it possible to produce, in the space of a few years, improved strains of cereals." 1972: Viktor Kovda ( Soviet Union) "for his theory on the hydromorphic origin of the soils of the great plains


id: valdemar-poulsen-gold-medal-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valdemar_Poulsen_Gold_Medal-0.md
category: reference
title: Valdemar Poulsen Gold Medal
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valdemar_Poulsen_Gold_Medal
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:20.468780+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: valdemar-poulsen-gold-medal-20260505-0
summary:
The Valdemar Poulsen Gold Medal, named after radio pioneer Valdemar Poulsen, was awarded each year for outstanding research in the field of radio techniques and related fields by the Danish Academy of Technical Sciences. The award was presented on November 23, the anniversary of Poulsen's birth. The award was discontinued in 1993. == Recipients == 1939 Valdemar Poulsen 1946 Robert Watson-Watt 1947 Ernst Alexanderson 1948 Edward Victor Appleton 1953 Balthasar van der Pol 1956 Harald T. Friis 1958 Hidetsugu Yagi 1960 Charles P. Ginsburg 1963 John R. Pierce 1969 Jay Wright Forrester 1973 J. B. Gunn 1976 Andrew Bobeck == References ==


id: alan-t-waterman-award-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_T._Waterman_Award-0.md
category: reference
title: Alan T. Waterman Award
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_T._Waterman_Award
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:21.610466+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: alan-t-waterman-award-20260505-0
summary:
The Alan T. Waterman Award, named after Alan Tower Waterman, is the United States's highest honorary award for scientists no older than 40, or no more than 10 years past receipt of their Ph.D. It is awarded on a yearly basis by the National Science Foundation. In addition to the medal, the awardee receives a grant of $1,000,000 to be used at the institution of their choice over a period of five years for advanced scientific research. == History of the Award == The United States Congress established the annual award in August 1975 to mark the 25th Anniversary of the National Science Foundation and to honor its first director, Alan T. Waterman. The annual award recognizes an outstanding young researcher in any field of science or engineering supported by the National Science Foundation. == Eligibility and nomination process == Candidates must be U.S. citizens or permanent residents. Prior to the 2018 competition, candidates must have been 35 years of age or younger or not more than 7 years beyond receipt of the Ph.D. degree by December 31 of the year in which they are nominated. As of the 2018 competition, these requirements were changed to 40 years of age


id: alan-t-waterman-award-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_T._Waterman_Award-1.md
category: reference
title: Alan T. Waterman Award
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_T._Waterman_Award
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:21.610466+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: alan-t-waterman-award-20260505-0
summary:
== List of recipients == 2024 Muyinatu A. Lediju Bell "For pioneering innovations in ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging, particularly coherence-based beamforming, photoacoustic-guided surgery, and deep learning. These innovations cross interdisciplinary boundaries to improve medical image quality in patients, reduce patient deaths during surgery, inspire new surgical designs, and provide more equitable healthcare." Katrina G. Claw "For her contributions to pharmacogenomics and for fostering cultural and bioethical research participation within Indigenous communities." Rebecca Kramer-Bottiglio "For creating robots that adapt and evolve to changing conditions." 2023 Natalie S. King "For groundbreaking scholarship in science, technology, engineering and mathematics education that transcends disciplinary boundaries and directly impacts local and global communities, and for demonstrating exceptional research achievements with tremendous impact on the advancement of Black girls in science, the use of research-practice partnerships to drive K-12 instruction, and the increase of STEM teacher diversity." Asegun Henry "For significant contributions in new energy technologies and advanced fundamental understanding of heat transfer addressing a broad range of problems that span from the atomic scale (the physics of heat conduction) to the gigawatt scale (grid-level energy storage)." William Anderegg "For outstanding contributions to climate change science, particularly in advancing the understanding of the sensitivity, vulnerability, and


id: alan-t-waterman-award-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_T._Waterman_Award-2.md
category: reference
title: Alan T. Waterman Award
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_T._Waterman_Award
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:21.610466+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: alan-t-waterman-award-20260505-0
summary:
2004 Kristi Anseth For her research at the interface of biology and engineering, resulting in the design of innovative biomaterials that significantly facilitate tissue engineering and regeneration. 2003 Angelika Amon For her seminal contributions to understanding how cells orchestrate the segregation of their chromosomes during cell division, the key process of life 2002 Erich Jarvis For his use of gene expression as a tool to map brain functional systems and to identify parts of the brain involved in perceiving, learning and producing vocal communication. 2001 Vahid Tarokh For the invention of space-time coding techniques that produce dramatic gains in the spectral efficiency of wireless digital communication systems. 2000 Jennifer A. Doudna For innovative research that led to the development of a technique that facilitates crystallization of large RNA molecules; for determining the crystal structures of catalytic RNA molecules and an RNA molecule that forms the ribonucleo-protein core of the signal recognition particle; and for deciphering structural features of those molecules that permit a greater understanding of the mechanistic basis of RNA function in both catalysis and protein synthesis. 1999 Chaitan Khosla For his outstanding work in elucidating the mechanisms of enzyme biocatalysis of polyketides, thereby opening an exciting potential route


id: alan-t-waterman-award-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_T._Waterman_Award-3.md
category: reference
title: Alan T. Waterman Award
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_T._Waterman_Award
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:21.610466+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: alan-t-waterman-award-20260505-0
summary:
1976 Charles Fefferman For his research in Fourier analysis, partial differential equations and several complex variables which have brought fresh insight and renewed vigor to classical areas of mathematics and contributed signally to the advancement of modern mathematical analysis. == References == == External links == Alan T. Waterman Award NSF Page Alan T. Waterman Award 2021 Change of Eligibility Criteria


id: wrigley-trophy-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrigley_Trophy-0.md
category: reference
title: Wrigley Trophy
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrigley_Trophy
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:22.729521+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wrigley-trophy-20260505-0
summary:
The Wrigley Trophy is an award given for motorboats. It was awarded as early as 1912 with a $1,500 cash prize. In 1912 the award was disputed when James A. Pugh contested the win by J. Stuart Blackton. He argued that Baby Reliance II was allowed a late entry and had already missed two rounds of competition. == Winners == Cassandra (raceboat); George Griffith (1960) Baby Reliance II, J. Stuart Blackton (1912) == References ==


id: abc-home-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC@Home-0.md
category: reference
title: ABC@Home
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC@Home
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:24.347254+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: abc-home-20260505-0
summary:
ABC@Home was an educational and non-profit network computing project finding abc-triples related to the abc conjecture in number theory using the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) volunteer computing platform. In March 2011, there were more than 7,300 active participants from 114 countries with a total BOINC credit of more than 2.9 billion, reporting about 10 teraflops (10 trillion operations per second) of processing power. In 2011, the project met its goal of finding all abc-triples of at most 18 digits. By 2015, the project had found 23.8 million triples in total, and ceased operations soon after. == See also == List of volunteer computing projects == References == == External links == The Mathematical Institute of Leiden University


id: africa-home-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa@home-0.md
category: reference
title: Africa@home
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa@home
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:25.584781+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: africa-home-20260505-0
summary:
Africa@home is a website that allow users to use their home computers to contribute for humanitarian causes at Africa. This project first went public on 13 July 2006. It partners with Swiss Tropical Institute, the University of Geneva, CERN, and ICVolunteers (ICV). It is sponsored by the Geneva International Academic Network (GIAN). Africa@home together with ICVolunteers, recruited volunteers across Africa to help with the project. The Malaria Control Project (MCP) was the first and the only volunteer computing project run by Africa@home. MCP ran for 10 years and became inactive since 21 June 2016. == See also == Malaria Control Project List of volunteer computing projects Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) Volunteer computing Grid computing Geneva International Academic Network == References ==


id: aqua-home-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AQUA@home-0.md
category: reference
title: AQUA@home
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AQUA@home
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:26.742917+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: aqua-home-20260505-0
summary:
AQUA@home was a volunteer computing project operated by D-Wave Systems that ran on the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) software platform. It ceased functioning in August 2011. Its goal was to predict the performance of superconducting adiabatic quantum computers on a variety of problems arising in fields ranging from materials science to machine learning. It designed and analyzed quantum computing algorithms, using Quantum Monte Carlo techniques. AQUA@home was the first BOINC project to provide multi-threaded applications. It was also the first project to deploy an OpenCL test application under BOINC. == References == == External links == Papers resulting from AQUA@home's computations


id: artificial-intelligence-system-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_System-0.md
category: reference
title: Artificial Intelligence System
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_System
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:28.011060+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: artificial-intelligence-system-20260505-0
summary:
Artificial Intelligence System (AIS) was a volunteer computing project undertaken by Intelligence Realm, Inc. with the long-term goal of simulating the human brain in real time, complete with artificial consciousness and artificial general intelligence. They claimed to have found, in research, the "mechanisms of knowledge representation in the brain which is equivalent to finding artificial intelligence", before moving into the developmental phase. == History == The project's initial goal was recreating the largest brain simulation to date, performed by neuroscientist Eugene M. Izhikevich of The Neurosciences Institute in San Diego, California. Izhikevich simulated 1 second of activity of 100 billion neurons (the estimated number of neurons in the human brain) in 50 days using a cluster of 27 3-gigahertz processors. He extrapolated that a real-time simulation of the brain could not be achieved before 2016. The project aimed to disprove this prediction. Artificial Intelligence System announced on Sep 5, 2007 that they will use the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) software to perform intensive calculations. On July 12, 2008, the first phase of the project had been completed by reaching the 100 billion neuron mark. The project then continued to simulate neurons while they completed the development of


id: astropulse-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astropulse-0.md
category: reference
title: Astropulse
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astropulse
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:29.753725+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: astropulse-20260505-0
summary:
Astropulse is a volunteer computing project to search for primordial black holes, pulsars, and extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI). Volunteer resources are harnessed through the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) platform. In 1999, the Space Sciences Laboratory launched SETI@home, which relied on a network of desktop computers around the world to provide massively parallel computation. SETI@home utilizes recorded data from the Arecibo radio telescope and searches for narrow-bandwidth radio signals from space, signifying the presence of extraterrestrial technology. It was soon recognized that this same data might be scoured for other signals of value to the astronomy and physics community. == Development == For about 6 years, Astropulse existed in an experimental beta testing phase not available to the general community. In July 2008, Astropulse was integrated into SETI@home, so that the massive network of SETI participants could also contribute to the search for other astronomical signals of value. Astropulse also makes contributions to the search for ET: first, project proponents believe it may identify a different type of ET signal not identified by the original SETI@Home algorithm; second, proponents believe it may create additional support for SETI by providing a second possible concrete result from the overall search project.


id: astropulse-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astropulse-1.md
category: reference
title: Astropulse
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astropulse
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:29.753725+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: astropulse-20260505-0
summary:
== Potential pulse finds == One goal of Astropulse is to detect postulated mini black holes that might be evaporating due to "Hawking radiation". Such mini black holes are postulated to have been created during the Big Bang, unlike currently known black holes. The Astropulse project hopes that this evaporation would produce radio waves that Astropulse can detect. The evaporation wouldn't create radio waves directly. Instead, it would create an expanding fireball of high-energy gamma rays and particles. This fireball would interact with the surrounding magnetic field, pushing it out and generating radio waves. Rotating radio transients (RRATs) are a type of neutron stars discovered in 2006 by a team led by Maura McLaughlin from the Jodrell Bank Observatory at the University of Manchester in the UK. RRATs are believed to produce radio emissions which are very difficult to locate, because of their transient nature. Early efforts have been able to detect radio emissions (sometimes called RRAT flashes) for less than one second a day, and, like with other single-burst signals, one must take great care to distinguish them from terrestrial radio interference. Distributing computing and the Astropulse algorithm may thus lend itself to further detection of RRATs. Pulses with


id: berkeley-open-infrastructure-for-network-computing-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Open_Infrastructure_for_Network_Computing-0.md
category: reference
title: Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Open_Infrastructure_for_Network_Computing
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:30.883606+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: berkeley-open-infrastructure-for-network-computing-20260505-0
summary:
The Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC, pronounced –rhymes with "oink") is an open-source middleware system for volunteer computing (a type of distributed computing). Developed originally to support SETI@home, it became the platform for many other applications in areas as diverse as medicine, molecular biology, mathematics, linguistics, climatology, environmental science, and astrophysics, among others. The purpose of BOINC is to enable researchers to utilize processing resources of personal computers and other devices around the world. BOINC development began with a group based at the Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL) at the University of California, Berkeley, and led by David P. Anderson, who also led SETI@home. As a high-performance volunteer computing platform, BOINC brings together 34,236 active participants employing 136,341 active computers (hosts) worldwide, processing daily on average 20.164 PetaFLOPS as of 16 November 2021 (it would be the 21st largest processing capability in the world compared with an individual supercomputer). The National Science Foundation (NSF) funds BOINC through awards SCI/0221529, SCI/0438443 and SCI/0721124. Guinness World Records ranks BOINC as the largest computing grid in the world. BOINC code runs on various operating systems, including Microsoft Windows, macOS, Android, Linux, and FreeBSD. BOINC is free software released under the terms of


id: big-and-ugly-rendering-project-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_and_Ugly_Rendering_Project-0.md
category: reference
title: Big and Ugly Rendering Project
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_and_Ugly_Rendering_Project
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:11:32.009870+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: big-and-ugly-rendering-project-20260505-0
summary:
Big and Ugly Rendering Project (BURP) is a non-commercial volunteer computing project using the BOINC framework for the rendering of 3D graphics that has been in hibernation as of 2020. The project website currently shows the status as "extended maintenance" until 2027. BURP utilizes the volunteer and grid computing software BOINC, to distribute computing tasks to volunteer computers. BURP is free software distributed under the GNU General Public License V3. Because BURP is used to refer to both the BOINC project and BURP back-end software, some confusion can arise when talking about other services running the BURP software. == History == The main BURP website went online on 17 June 2004. At that time the only supported renderer was YafaRay (Yet Another Free Raytracer). That August it became clear that YafaRay was not the best choice, and focus was shifted towards Blender, a renderer with more features and a compact file format. By the end of October enough tests had been done to show that not only is the distributed rendering of 3D animations possible, it can achieve performance that rivals many commercial render farms. The current trend of increasing network bandwidth throughout the world will make it even more


