# kb

id: galicia-biological-mission-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_Biological_Mission-0.md
category: reference
title: Galicia Biological Mission
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_Biological_Mission
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:06.312335+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: galicia-biological-mission-20260505-0
summary:
The Biological Mission of Galicia is a centre of the Higher Council for Scientific Research located in the civil parish of Salcedo in the municipality of Pontevedra in Spain. It is the oldest research institute of the Higher Council for Scientific Research in Galicia and the oldest agricultural research institute in Spain. == History == The Biological Mission of Galicia was created by the Council for the Extension of Scientific Studies and Research in April 1921. Its first headquarters was the Veterinary School of Santiago de Compostela, directed by Cruz Gallástegui. The mission remained in Santiago de Compostela until 1926, when the veterinary school disappeared. In 1927, the Provincial Council of Pontevedra offered a new location to the Biological Mission, which moved in 1928 first to the La Tablada estate in Campolongo and later to the palace that belonged to Archbishop Malvar in Salcedo, the Pazo de Gandarón, where it has remained to this day. From 1930 onwards, the institution's activities focused on the genetic improvement of maize, the variety of chestnut trees resistant to dyeing and the promotion in Spain of the English Large White pig breed. Between 1940 and 1950, the Mission consolidated its first lines of research


id: guild-of-european-research-intensive-universities-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guild_of_European_Research-Intensive_Universities-0.md
category: reference
title: Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guild_of_European_Research-Intensive_Universities
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:08.734808+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: guild-of-european-research-intensive-universities-20260505-0
summary:
The Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities (also called The Guild) is a university network founded in 2016. It currently comprises 23 of Europe's research-intensive universities in 17 countries. The Guild released a series of position papers as part of the European Commission's consultation for Horizon 2020, Horizon Europe and the next Framework Programme (FP10). Its current Chair is Anders Hagfeldt, Vice-Chancellor Uppsala University, in Sweden. == Members == Since 2025, the group is made up of the following universities: == See also == List of higher education associations and alliances == References ==


id: institute-of-bioinformatics-bengaluru-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Bioinformatics,_Bengaluru-0.md
category: reference
title: Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Bioinformatics,_Bengaluru
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:09.927834+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: institute-of-bioinformatics-bengaluru-20260505-0
summary:
The Institute of Bioinformatics, often referred to as IOB, is an Indian not-for-profit academic research organization based in Bangalore, India. It is involved in research in the fields of bioinformatics, multi-omics, systems biology and neurological disorders. In 2002, the institute was set up by The Genomics Research Trust and the Johns Hopkins University of Baltimore, Maryland. This organization is recognized as a 'Scientific and Industrial Research Organization' (SIRO) of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India. Renowned Proteomicist Akhilesh Pandey, Professor at Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Individualized Medicine of Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, USA is the Founding and current Director of IOB, and eminent Proteomicist Ravi Sirdeshmukh, Founder President of the 'Proteomic Society of India' is the current Associate Director of IOB. == Databases developed by IOB == Human Protein Reference Database (in collaboration with the Pandey Lab, Johns Hopkins University) Human Proteinpedia NetPath India Cancer Research Database Human Proteome Map Plasma Proteome Database Pancreatic Cancer Database Resource of Asian Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases == Funding Agencies == IOB receives grants and fundings from various national and international funding agencies. === National funding agencies === Council of Scientific and Industrial Research University Grants


id: international-society-for-cultural-and-activity-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Society_for_Cultural_and_Activity_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: International Society for Cultural and Activity Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Society_for_Cultural_and_Activity_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:11.110763+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-society-for-cultural-and-activity-research-20260505-0
summary:
The International Society for Cultural and Activity Research (ISCAR) was founded in 2002 by the merging of the International Society for Cultural Research and Activity Theory and the Conference for Sociocultural Research. It is focused on sociocultural theory, and its application to practice. == External links == Official Website


id: list-of-r-d-laboratories-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_R&D_laboratories-0.md
category: reference
title: List of R&D laboratories
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_R&D_laboratories
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:12.304480+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-r-d-laboratories-20260505-0
summary:
== Private research laboratories == == University research laboratories == == Public research laboratories == == See also == United States Department of Energy National Laboratories List of United States federal research and development agencies Federally funded research and development centers Apple Advanced Technology Group – discontinued in 1997 Intel Architecture Labs – discontinued in the 2000s NASA facilities Intel Research Lablets Engineering Research Centers Networking and Information Technology Research and Development National Nanotechnology Initiative National Research and Development Agency (Japan) List of research stations in the Arctic List of university artificial intelligence research centers List of software developed at universities Research stations in Antarctica UK Research and Innovation CERN openlab List of robotics companies List of United States college laboratories conducting basic defense research == References ==


id: mandat-international-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandat_International-0.md
category: reference
title: Mandat International
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandat_International
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:13.524482+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: mandat-international-20260505-0
summary:
Mandat International, also known as the International Cooperation Foundation, is an international non-governmental organization based in Geneva, Switzerland with consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council, the UNDPI, and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Mandat International is established as an independent foundation that aims at promoting international cooperation with a focus on research, international law, and sustainable development. It develops its own projects, while ensuring its complete independence from any religious or political influence. It also supports academic freedom. == History == Mandat International was established as an organisation in 1995 and developed diverse projects and conferences in relation with the UN. Since then, it has been actively supporting international cooperation and conferences, and has participated in several international research projects. == Description == Mandat International is a member of the Internet of Things International Forum and supports international conferences such as the IoT Week, Digital Around the World, and the Privacy Symposium. == References == [1] == External links == Official website International Declaration on the Internet of Things for Sustainable Development, approved June 9, 2017


id: midwestern-prevention-project-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwestern_Prevention_Project-0.md
category: reference
title: Midwestern Prevention Project
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwestern_Prevention_Project
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:14.748703+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: midwestern-prevention-project-20260505-0
summary:
The Midwestern Prevention Project was a research project funded in part by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, and the Lilly Endowment. It evaluated a community-wide effort at preventing alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use among adolescents. The program included school, community/policy, parent, and mass media components. == References ==


id: provincial-research-organization-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincial_research_organization-0.md
category: reference
title: Provincial research organization
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincial_research_organization
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:16.034559+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: provincial-research-organization-20260505-0
summary:
Provincial research organizations (PROs) are Canadian provincial government initiatives to promote research and development and adoption of technology in their respective provinces. The first PRO in Canada was the Alberta Research Council. Statistics Canada reports on the activities of PROs. PROs focus on applied research and technical services and generally specialize in industry sectors that are native to their provinces. Because they play an important role in growing and sustaining industry, they are considered a key component of provincial economic development strategies. PROs are also consulted by the government for innovation and economic development policy input. PROs are sustained through the combination of provincial grants and fees for services. PROs have been established in Canada as follows: Alberta Research Council (1921) Ontario Research Foundation (1928) British Columbia Research Council (1944) and now the BC Innovation Council Nova Scotia Research Foundation (1946) Saskatchewan Research Council (1947) New Brunswick Research and Productivity Council (1962) Manitoba Research Council (1963) Centre de Recherche Industrielle du Québec (1969) In 2009, Newfoundland and Labrador formed the Newfoundland and Labrador Research and Development Council. == References == == External links == Alberta Research Council BC Innovation Council Saskatchewan Research Council New Brunswick Research and Productivity Council Centre


id: quatuor-coronati-lodge-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quatuor_Coronati_Lodge-0.md
category: reference
title: Quatuor Coronati Lodge
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quatuor_Coronati_Lodge
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:17.741755+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: quatuor-coronati-lodge-20260505-0
summary:
Quatuor Coronati Lodge No. 2076 is an UGLE-chartered lodge that meets at Freemasons' Hall, London. Its purpose since its founding in 1886 has been to replace the speculative and romantic histories of Freemasonry with a new standard of evidence-based, academic inquiry. The lodge publishes an annual journal, ARS Quatuor Coronatorum, and has a global membership group, the Quatuor Coronati Correspondence Circle (QCCC). == Name and symbolism == The name Quatuor Coronati is Latin for the "Four Crowned Ones" and refers to the Four Crowned Martyrs (Santi Quattro Coronati). The legend, which exists in several versions, concerns a group of Christian stonemasons during the reign of Roman Emperor Diocletian. When commanded to carve a statue of the pagan god Asclepius, they refused on the grounds that their faith forbade the creation of idols. For this act of defiance, they were martyred. Their story is recorded in the Regius Poem (c. 1390), one of the oldest Masonic documents, and they became the traditional patron saints of stonemasons' guilds in medieval Europe. == History == === The imaginative school === The impetus for the lodge's formation arose from a deep dissatisfaction with the state of Masonic historiography in the 19th century. The prevailing


id: research-council-on-structural-connections-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_Council_on_Structural_Connections-0.md
category: reference
title: Research Council on Structural Connections
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_Council_on_Structural_Connections
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:18.921205+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: research-council-on-structural-connections-20260505-0
summary:
The Research Council on Structural Connections (RCSC) is a research organization focused on bolted structural connections. Their technical standard on this subject is cited in the US steel design code. Prior to 1980, the organization was known as the Research Council on Riveted and Bolted Structural Joints (RCRBSJ). It was formed in 1947 to develop specifications for connections with high-strength bolts. At that time, high-strength structural steel rivets were common in buildings and bridges, but bolts were expected to be safer, quicker, and more economical if technical equivalence could be demonstrated. The council's first Specification identified ASTM A325 bolts as one-to-one replacements for ASTM A141 rivets. == References ==


id: research-data-alliance-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_Data_Alliance-0.md
category: reference
title: Research Data Alliance
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_Data_Alliance
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:20.105333+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: research-data-alliance-20260505-0
summary:
The Research Data Alliance (RDA) is a global research community-driven organization started in 2013 by the European Commission, the US National Science Foundation and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the Australian Department of Innovation. Its mission is to build the social and technical bridges to enable open sharing and re-use of data. The RDA vision is researchers and innovators openly sharing and resuing data across technologies, disciplines, and countries to address the grand challenges of society. In its initial years, the RDA was major recipient of support in the form of grants from its constituent members' governments. Since 2017, the RDA is sustained by its Organisational and Regional members. As of March 2025, the RDA has over 15,000 individual members from over 150 countries. == Structure == The RDA's main vehicle for outputs are 18-month long working groups that generate recommendations aimed at the RDA community. In addition to working groups, interest groups with no fixed lifetime can produce either informal or "supported" outputs which carry some degree of RDA endorsement. == Meetings == The RDA organises two major plenary conferences a year that are often co-located within other international data sharing initiatives such as the 12th RDA


id: research-organization-registry-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_Organization_Registry-0.md
category: reference
title: Research Organization Registry
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_Organization_Registry
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:36.384179+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: research-organization-registry-20260505-0
summary:
Research Organization Registry (ROR) is a community-led dataset that aims to provide a persistent identifier for every research organization in the world. It complements other commonly used identifiers such as ORCID for researchers and DOI for research output. Initially, the registry was seeded by the data from Global Research Identifier Database (GRID). In 2021 it was announced that ROR will take over the role of the leading open organization identifier from GRID. ROR's first release after separating from GRID was published in March 2022. The data can be accessed via the official website, an open API, or as a downloadable data dump. All ROR IDs and metadata are provided under the CC0 license. == References == == External links == Official website


id: research-university-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_university-0.md
category: reference
title: Research university
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_university
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:37.577726+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: research-university-20260505-0
summary:
A research university or a research-intensive university is a university that is committed to research as a central part of its mission. They are "the key sites of knowledge production", along with "intergenerational knowledge transfer and the certification of new knowledge" through the awarding of doctoral degrees, and continue to be "the very center of scientific productivity". They can be public or private, and often have well-known brand names. Undergraduate courses at many research universities are often academic rather than vocational and may not prepare students for particular careers, but many employers value degrees from research universities because they teach fundamental life skills such as critical thinking. Globally, research universities are overwhelmingly public institutions, while some countries like the United States and Japan also have well-known private research institutions. Institutions of higher education that are not research universities or do not aspire to that designation, such as liberal arts colleges, instead place more emphasis on student instruction or other aspects of tertiary education, whereas research university faculty members, in contrast, are under more pressure to publish or perish. == History == === 19th century === The concept of the research university first arose in early 19th-century Prussia in Germany, where


id: research-university-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_university-1.md
category: reference
title: Research university
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_university
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:37.577726+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: research-university-20260505-0
summary:
Being large and comprehensive – Clark Kerr's "multiversity" Emphasizing the undergraduate residential experience (flagged specifically as distinguishing American research universities from those in continental Europe) Integrating graduate education with research Having faculty engaged in research and scholarship Conducting research at high levels Having enlightened and bold leadership Global university rankings use metrics that primarily measure research to rank universities. Some also have criteria for inclusion based on the concept of a research university such as teaching at both undergraduate and postgraduate level and conducting work in multiple faculties (QS World University Rankings), or teaching undergraduates, having a research output of more than 1,000 research papers over 5 years, and no more than 80% of activity in a single subject area (Times Higher Education World University Rankings). The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education in the United States designates institutions that spend on average at least $2.5 million on research and development annually as 'research universities and colleges', with further designations of 'research 2: high spending and doctorate production' and 'research 1: very high spending and doctorate production' for institutions spending over $5 million and awarding 20 or more doctorates per year and institutions spending over $50 million and awarding


id: researchers-alliance-for-development-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Researchers_Alliance_for_Development-0.md
category: reference
title: Researchers Alliance for Development
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Researchers_Alliance_for_Development
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:38.751681+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: researchers-alliance-for-development-20260505-0
summary:
Researchers Alliance for Development (RAD) is a World Bank supported action-oriented and multidisciplinary network of researchers. Recognizing the engagement of academia in the global intellectual debate on development cooperation, the RAD aims to strengthen the interaction between the World Bank and the research community worldwide. It is headed by a steering committee of academics and many major universities over the world are its members. RAD objectives include: 1. Facilitating interaction between the academic community and the World Bank; 2. Mobilizing the academic and student community on development issues and curricula, facilitating mutual flow of knowledge. Towards these ends, it runs a number of activities including a student essay prize, a post/doctoral workshop on international organisations and development as well as working groups on an ad hoc basis. == See also == Global Development Network Development studies United Nations Research Institute For Social Development == External links == RAD's World Bank website Deprecated link archived 2007-06-07 at archive.today == References == Diane Stone and Christopher Wright (eds) The World Bank and Governance: A Decade of Reform and Reaction, Routledge, 2006


id: thuso-resources-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuso_Resources-0.md
category: reference
title: Thuso Resources
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuso_Resources
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:39.961748+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: thuso-resources-20260505-0
summary:
Thuso Resources was launched on 18 May 2023 by Universities South Africa as an information hub for early career academics, so who wish to advance their research careers The state-sponsored cadre of emerging scholars could not identify mentors, lacked networks and self-confidenceand so the Advancing Early Career Researchers and Scholars (AECRS) programme was launched by the Department of Science, Technology and Innovation to address these stated needs and provide a national toolbox of help resources. == Overview == The materials on the platform are informed by a Community of Practice for Postgraduate Education and Scholarship. This community have recognised the need to openly share their experiences, resources, and skills with peers. Thuso Resources is intended for early-career researchers and scholars who may be overwhelmed by the multiple tasks in academia. Early-career academics have found themselves teaching large numbers of undergraduate students and performing too many responsibilities without adequate guidance. Most of the resources fall under open access. The few Open Education Resources on Thuso Resources allow emerging scholars to "contribute to the creation, sharing and evaluation of knowledge... through research, learning and teaching." The above quote is sourced from Education White Paper 3, written in 1997, where transformation was imagined


id: universities-research-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universities_Research_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: Universities Research Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universities_Research_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:41.154402+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: universities-research-association-20260505-0
summary:
The Universities Research Association (URA) is a non-profit association of more than 90 research universities, primarily but not exclusively in the United States. It has members also in Japan, Italy, and the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1965 at the behest of the President's Science Advisory Committee and the National Academy of Sciences to build and operate Fermilab, a National Accelerator Laboratory. == History == The President's Science Advisory Committee and a sister group of the United States Atomic Energy Commission joined forces in 1962 to "assess the future needs in high-energy accelerator physics." The panel's recommendations, issued in 1963, included the need to immediately commence design and construction on 200 GeV proton accelerators. An additional recommendation called for a new administrative construct. On January 17, 1965, the National Academy of Sciences addressed the last recommendation by sponsoring a meeting of presidents from 25 research universities to discuss the management of the accelerator facility that would later become the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). The meeting eventually resulted in the decision to form the Universities Research Association, with 34 original members, to build and manage the new accelerator facility. URA filed its articles of incorporation on June 21, 1965.


id: battelle-memorial-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battelle_Memorial_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Battelle Memorial Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battelle_Memorial_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:42.684923+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: battelle-memorial-institute-20260505-0
summary:
Battelle Memorial Institute (or simply Battelle) is an American private nonprofit applied science and technology development company headquartered in Columbus, Ohio. == History == The institute was founded in 1929 by Gordon Battelle. Originally focusing on contract research and development work in the areas of metals and material science, Battelle is now an international science and technology enterprise that explores emerging areas of science, develops and commercializes technology, and manages laboratories for customers. It has 3,200 employees, and manages another 29,500 in ten United States Department of Energy National Laboratories. From 1969 to 1975, the institute was involved in a lawsuit over whether it was "neglecting its philanthropic promises" as a nonprofit organization. It reached an $80 million settlement in 1975 (equivalent to $479 million in 2025), used to demolish Union Station, build Battelle Hall at the Columbus Convention Center, refurbish the Ohio Theatre and create Battelle-Darby Creek Metro Park. The institute lost its nonprofit status in the 1990s, though regained it by 2001. == Operations == === Contract research business === Battelle serves the following: Agribusiness: cannabis research, encapsulation, formulation, environmental fate, spray drift and droplet characterization Ecology and environment: scientific data packages for researchers, air, water and soil


id: center-on-privacy-and-technology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_on_Privacy_and_Technology-0.md
category: reference
title: Center on Privacy and Technology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_on_Privacy_and_Technology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:43.913629+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: center-on-privacy-and-technology-20260505-0
summary:
The Georgetown Center on Privacy and Technology is a think tank at Georgetown University in Washington, DC dedicated to the study of privacy and technology. Established in 2014, it is housed within the Georgetown University Law Center. The goal of the Center is to conduct research and empower legal and legislative advocacy around issues of privacy and surveillance, with a focus on how such issues affect groups of different social class and race. In May 2022, the Center's founding director Alvaro Bedoya was confirmed as a commissioner of the United States Federal Trade Commission. == Activities == === Surveillance === The Center hosts an annual conference titled "The Color of Surveillance" which explored how government and technological surveillance affected different marginalized populations, including Black Americans, immigrants to the United States, religious minorities, and poor and working people. In May 2022, the Center on Privacy and Technology published American Dragnet: Data-Driven Deportation in the 21st Century, a report detailing how U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has built a far-reaching surveillance system by accessing driver’s license databases, utility records, and purchasing data from commercial brokers, often without judicial oversight. The report found that ICE's surveillance practices affect the majority of adults


id: council-for-scientific-and-industrial-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_for_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_for_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:45.098787+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: council-for-scientific-and-industrial-research-20260505-0
summary:
The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is a South African scientific research and development (R&D) organisation. It was established by an act of parliament in 1945 and is situated on its campus in Pretoria. It is Africa's largest research and development organisation and accounts for about 10% of the entire African R&D budget. It has a staff of approximately 3,000 technical and scientific researchers. == Overview == The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is a leading scientific and technology research organisation that researches and develops transformative technologies to accelerate socioeconomic prosperity in South Africa. The organisation’s work contributes to industrial development and supports a capable state. The CSIR is an entity of the Department of Science and Innovation. The organisation plays a key role in supporting the public and private sectors through directed research that is aligned with the country’s priorities, the organisation’s mandate and its science, engineering and technology competences. The nine high-impact sectors identified by the CSIR to achieve its aims are: Industry advancement clusters Advanced Agriculture and Food NextGen Health Future Production: Chemicals Future Production: Mining Future Production: Manufacturing Defence and Security Industry and society enabling clusters Smart Places Smart Mobility NextGen Enterprises


id: debunk-org-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debunk.org-0.md
category: reference
title: Debunk.org
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debunk.org
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:46.272877+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: debunk-org-20260505-0
summary:
Debunk.org is an independent technology think tank and non-governmental organisation based in Vilnius, Lithuania. Founded in 2018, the organisation was developed to counter online disinformation and state-sponsored internet propaganda. It researches and analyses disinformation within the Baltic states, Poland, Georgia, Montenegro, North Macedonia and the United States. It also aims to improve societal resilience to disinformation through educational courses and media literacy campaigns. Its current director is Viktoras Daukšas. == History == Debunk.org was founded by Viktoras Daukšas in 2018 and has its origins in the Demaskuok project. Demaskuok, meaning "debunk" in Lithuanian, was established by Delfi and had Daukšas as its director. It represented a collaboration between media outlets, technology experts, strategic communication departments within government institutions, and an army of volunteers known as "elves." The project sought to analyse thousands of articles per day, searching for pro-Kremlin disinformation targeting the Baltic states. Debunk.org and Demaskuok became parallel organisations, with the former seeking to expand its reach to new languages and regions. The two initiatives cooperated with each other until 2020. == Research == Debunk.org's research and analysis publications are the product of an analytical team and a consulting group of researchers who collaborate with the organisation's core team.


id: edge-org-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge.org-0.md
category: reference
title: Edge.org
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge.org
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:47.480904+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: edge-org-20260505-0
summary:
Edge.org is an online magazine exploring scientific and intellectual ideas. Its chief editor is the publisher John Brockman. The website was created in 1997 as an online re-branding of The Reality Club. It is legally established as Edge Foundation, Inc. In 2019, BuzzFeed News reviewed Edge's IRS filings and reported that Jeffrey Epstein was "by far its largest financial donor", that "his association with Edge gave him access to leading scientists and figures in the tech industry", that he attended at least two Edge dinners in 2011 (two years after he had gone to prison for procuring a minor for prostitution), and that he was not listed by Edge among the attendees of those events. == The Third Culture == Echo markets The Third Culture as a movement towards reintegration of literary and scientific thinking. The name is a nod toward scientist C. P. Snow's concept of the two cultures of science and the humanities. John Brockman published a book of the same name whose themes are continued at the Edge website. Scientists and others are invited to contribute their thoughts in a manner accessible to non-specialist readers. == Edge Question == Edge poses its members an annual question: 1998:


id: eudoxa-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudoxa-0.md
category: reference
title: Eudoxa
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudoxa
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:48.702978+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: eudoxa-20260505-0
summary:
Eudoxa was a Swedish think tank based in Stockholm that was active during the 2000s and early 2010s. Its work focused on science and technology policy, with an emphasis on the societal implications of emerging technologies. The organization engaged in policy analysis, report publication, and the organization of seminars and conferences. Its activities addressed issues related to biotechnology, health care, intellectual property, digital technologies, and other areas connected to technological innovation. Eudoxa participated in public debate through publications and events and collaborated with external organizations in Sweden and internationally. As part of its work, it published the book *More Choices, Better Health* in 2008 by Bartley J. Madden, which discusses market-oriented approaches to pharmaceutical development and regulation. In the 2014 *Global Go To Think Tank Index Report*, published by the Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program at the University of Pennsylvania, Eudoxa was listed among the world’s science and technology think tanks. The organization ceased operations in 2016. == References == == External links == Eudoxa (archived website)


id: federation-of-american-scientists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientists-0.md
category: reference
title: Federation of American Scientists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:49.944530+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: federation-of-american-scientists-20260505-0
summary:
The Federation of American Scientists (FAS) is an American nonprofit global policy think tank with the stated intent of using science and scientific analysis to attempt to make the world more secure. FAS was founded in 1945 by a group of scientists, some of whom had previously contributed to the development of nuclear weapons in the Manhattan Project. The Federation of American Scientists states that it aims to reduce the amount of nuclear weapons that are in use, and prevent nuclear and radiological terrorism. It says it aims to present high standards for nuclear energy's safety and security, illuminate government secrecy practices, as well as track and eliminate the global illicit trade of conventional, nuclear, biological and chemical weapons. With 100 sponsors, the Federation of American Scientists says that it promotes a safer and more secure world by developing and advancing solutions to important science and technology security policy problems by educating the public and policy makers, and promoting transparency through research and analysis to maximize impact on policy. FAS projects are organized in three main programs: nuclear security, government secrecy, and biosecurity. FAS has played a role in the control of atomic energy and weapons, as well as better


id: federation-of-american-scientists-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientists-1.md
category: reference
title: Federation of American Scientists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:49.944530+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: federation-of-american-scientists-20260505-0
summary:
=== Mission === The mission of FAS is to promote a safer and more secure world by developing and advancing solutions to important science and technology security policy problems by educating the public and policy makers, and promoting transparency through research and analysis to maximize impact on policy. This mission was established early on and was deemed necessary for the federation, as decisions made by the United States during the conception of the FAS were critical in terms of shaping international relations. The FAS wanted the public to become more critical and aware of the government, in order to monitor the decisions that were made to ensure that they matched what the public actually wanted. The FAS would act to inform the public about how destructive the improper use of atomic energy could be and emphasize the need to enforce international control of atomic weapons and energy. === Membership === In 1969, the FAS had a rough annual budget of $7,000 and relied on mostly volunteer staff. In 1970 Jeremy J. Stone was selected as president of the organization and was the only staff member for the next 5 years. Due to Stone being the president and only member of


id: federation-of-american-scientists-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientists-2.md
category: reference
title: Federation of American Scientists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:49.944530+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: federation-of-american-scientists-20260505-0
summary:
=== Biosecurity Program === A molecular biologist, Dr. Hatch Rosenberg was a founder of the Federation of American Scientists’ Working Group on Biological and Chemical Weapons and a former adviser to the Clinton White House when the anthrax scare startled an America that had recently been wounded by the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. The Biosecurity Program concentrates on researching and advocating policies that balance science and security without compromising national security or scientific progress. This includes preventing the misuse of research and promoting the public understanding of the real threats from biological and chemical weapons. The Federation of American Scientists also concentrates on researching and keeping the public informed on genetic engineering and genetic modification as a subset of their biosecurity program. One of their major concerns is resistance that species can develop to certain modifications from genetic resistance or from the use of antibiotics. The big concerns with biosecurity are accidental biological threats, intentional malicious biological threats, and natural biological threat occurrences. Because of these threats the Virtual Biosecurity Center (VBC) was set up. The Virtual Biosecurity Center provides and promotes biosecurity information, education, best practices and collaboration. Additionally, VBC offers significant news and events regarding biosecurity, a


id: free-software-foundation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation-0.md
category: reference
title: Free Software Foundation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:51.176766+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: free-software-foundation-20260505-0
summary:
The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded by Richard Stallman on October 4, 1985. The organization supports the free software movement, with its preference for software being distributed under copyleft ("share alike") terms, such as with its own GNU General Public License. The FSF was incorporated in Boston where it is also based. From its founding until the mid-1990s, FSF's funds were mostly used to employ software developers to write free software for the GNU Project and its employees and volunteers have mostly worked on legal and structural issues for the free software movement and the free software community. Consistent with its goals, the FSF aims to use only free software on its own computers. The FSF holds the copyrights on many pieces of the GNU system, such as GNU Compiler Collection. As the holder of these copyrights, it has authority to enforce the copyleft requirements of the GNU General Public License (GPL) when copyright infringement occurs. The FSF is also the steward of several free software licenses, meaning it publishes them and has the ability to make revisions as needed. == History == The Free Software Foundation was founded in 1985 as a non-profit corporation


id: free-software-foundation-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation-1.md
category: reference
title: Free Software Foundation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:51.176766+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: free-software-foundation-20260505-0
summary:
"Outstanding new Free Software contributor", "Award for the Advancement of Free Software" and "Free Software Award for Projects of Social Benefit" === LibrePlanet wiki === The LibrePlanet wiki organizes FSF members into regional groups in order to promote free software activism against digital restrictions management and other issues promoted by the FSF. == High priority projects == The FSF maintains a list of "high-priority projects" to which the Foundation claims that "there is a vital need to draw the free software community's attention". The FSF considers these projects "important because computer users are continually being seduced into using non-free software, because there is no adequate free replacement." As of 2021, high-priority tasks include reverse engineering proprietary firmware, reversible debugging in GNU Debugger; developing automatic transcription and video editing software, Coreboot, drivers for network routers, a free smartphone operating system and creating replacements for Skype and Siri. Previous projects highlighted as needing work included the Free Java implementations, GNU Classpath, and GNU Compiler for Java, which ensure compatibility for the Java part of OpenOffice.org, and the GNOME desktop environment (see Java: Licensing). The effort has been criticized by Michael Larabel for either not instigating active development or for being slow at


id: free-software-foundation-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation-2.md
category: reference
title: Free Software Foundation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:51.176766+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: free-software-foundation-20260505-0
summary:
=== Financial === Most of the FSF funding comes from patrons and members. Revenue streams also come from free-software-related compliance labs, job postings, published works, and a web store. FSF offers speakers and seminars for pay, and all FSF projects accept donations. Revenues fund free-software programs and campaigns, while cash is invested conservatively in socially responsible investing. The financial strategy is designed to maintain the Foundation's long-term future through economic stability. The FSF is a tax-exempt organization and posts annual IRS Form 990 filings online. === Postal address and headquarters === Through the years the FSF has had its postal address, and until August 31, 2024, when going all remote its physical headquarters, at different locations in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, as indicated in the table below. As the GNU GPL v2 included the FSF's postal address in one of the first lines of the introduction and the source code license notice template every change of address also caused updates to the license itself. == Criticism == === Position on DRM === Linus Torvalds has criticized FSF for using GPLv3 as a weapon in the fight against DRM. Torvalds argues that the issue of DRM and that of a software license


id: globalsecurity-org-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GlobalSecurity.org-0.md
category: reference
title: GlobalSecurity.org
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GlobalSecurity.org
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:52.369336+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: globalsecurity-org-20260505-0
summary:
GlobalSecurity.org is an American independent, nonpartisan, nonprofit organization that serves as a think tank, and research and consultancy group. == Focus == The site is focused on national and international security issues; military analysis, systems, and strategies; intelligence matters; and space policy. == History == It was founded in December 2000 by John Pike, who had worked since 1983 with the Federation of American Scientists, where he directed the space policy, cyberstrategy, military analysis, nuclear resource, and intelligence resource projects. GlobalSecurity.org is headquartered in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area in Alexandria, Virginia, and Pike remains as its director. The website's target audience includes journalists, policy-makers, scholars, political scientists, military and defense personnel, and the public. It supplies background information and developing news stories, providing online analysis and articles that analyze what are sometimes little-discussed topics in categories that include WMDs, military and defense, security and cybersecurity, intelligence, and space technology. It also disseminates primary documentation and other original materials, provides detailed, high-resolution satellite images and video footage from war zones, and provides definitions of widely used terms for the public. The organization also serves as a defense, military, foreign policy, and national-security watchdog group. In part it seeks to find


id: gtri-office-of-policy-analysis-and-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTRI_Office_of_Policy_Analysis_and_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: GTRI Office of Policy Analysis and Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTRI_Office_of_Policy_Analysis_and_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:53.541202+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: gtri-office-of-policy-analysis-and-research-20260505-0
summary:
The GTRI Office of Policy Analysis and Research is a division of the Georgia Tech Research Institute that focuses on policy analysis, particularly in fields where GTRI has science and technology experience. OPAR assists the Georgia General Assembly and publishes briefs on relevant issues, including how other states treat various issues. In particular, OPAR hosts an annual "Legislative Roundtable" that brings together interested state representatives, prominent members of Georgia industry, and Georgia Tech students and faculty. == References == == External links == Official website


id: information-technology-and-innovation-foundation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Technology_and_Innovation_Foundation-0.md
category: reference
title: Information Technology and Innovation Foundation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Technology_and_Innovation_Foundation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:54.780860+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: information-technology-and-innovation-foundation-20260505-0
summary:
The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF) is a U.S. nonprofit public policy think tank based in Washington, D.C., focused on public policy surrounding industry and technology. As of 2019, the University of Pennsylvania ranks ITIF as the most authoritative science and technology policy think tank in the world. In its role in developing industrial and technological policies, ITIF has attracted controversy for its affiliations with various technology companies. == Mission == ITIF's stated mission is to promote new ways of thinking about technology-driven productivity, competitiveness and globalization. The newspaper Roll Call described ITIF as trying to "navigate the ideological waters to promote government support for innovation in many forms and with a broad range of ideals." Ars Technica has described ITIF as "one of the leading, and most prolific, tech policy think tanks." ITIF has called for the United States government to implement a national manufacturing strategy to combat job losses and the trade deficit which they attribute to declining international competitiveness. They have argued that the U.S. government's gross domestic product (GDP) statistics suffer from statistical bias and thus overstate U.S. manufacturing output and productivity growth. They have also criticized the Chinese government for behaviors they label "innovation


id: institute-for-science-and-international-security-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Science_and_International_Security-0.md
category: reference
title: Institute for Science and International Security
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Science_and_International_Security
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:55.945777+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: institute-for-science-and-international-security-20260505-0
summary:
The Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS) is a nonprofit, non-governmental institution to inform the public about "science and policy issues affecting international security". Founded in 1993, the group is led by founder and former United Nations IAEA nuclear inspector David Albright, and has been described as specializing "in analyzing the findings" of the IAEA. ISIS focuses primarily on nuclear weapons. == Board and funding == ISIS's board consists of the following members: David Albright - Chairman/President Michael Rietz - Treasurer, Lawyer, private practice Houston Wood - University of Virginia ISIS has been funded by: Ploughshares Fund, The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Carnegie Corporation of New York, Colombe Foundation, New-Land Foundation, The Prospect Hill Foundation, United States Institute of Peace, The International Atomic Energy Agency, Ford Foundation, The Scherman Foundation, Smith Richardson Foundation, Compton Foundation, The Stanley Foundation, The John Merck Fund, The Rockefeller Foundation, The Rockefeller Brothers Fund, W. Alton Jones Foundation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, United States Department of Energy == Staff == ISIS's staff consists of the following people: David Albright, President and Founder of ISIS Sarah Burkhard, Research Associate Spencer Faragasso, Research Fellow Houston Wood, Technical Consultant Frank V. Pabian,


id: institute-for-science-and-international-security-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Science_and_International_Security-1.md
category: reference
title: Institute for Science and International Security
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Science_and_International_Security
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:55.945777+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: institute-for-science-and-international-security-20260505-0
summary:
=== Myanmar === In a January 28, 2010 report, ISIS found: "There remain sound reasons to suspect that the military regime in Burma might be pursuing a long-term strategy to make nuclear weapons. Despite the public reports to the contrary, the military junta does not appear to be close to establishing a significant nuclear capability. Information suggesting the construction of major nuclear facilities appears unreliable or inconclusive." During an ASEAN meeting in Thailand in July 2009, US secretary of state Hillary Clinton highlighted concerns of the North Korean link. "We know there are also growing concerns about military cooperation between North Korea and Burma which we take very seriously", Clinton said. == Reception == In a 2004 National Journal profile, Gregg Sangillo and Mark Kukis called Albright a "go-to guy for media people seeking independent analysis on Iraq’s [weapons of mass destruction] programs". In 2006, David Albright received the Joseph A. Burton Forum Award from the American Physical Society, a professional society of American physicists. He was cited for "his tireless and productive efforts to slow the transfer of nuclear weapons technology. He brings a unique combination of deep understanding, objectivity, and effectiveness to this vexed area." == See also


id: keck-institute-for-space-studies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keck_Institute_for_Space_Studies-0.md
category: reference
title: Keck Institute for Space Studies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keck_Institute_for_Space_Studies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:57.154494+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: keck-institute-for-space-studies-20260505-0
summary:
The Keck Institute for Space Studies (KISS) is a joint institute of the California Institute of Technology and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory established in January 2008 with a $24 million grant from the W. M. Keck Foundation. It is a privately funded think tank focused on space mission concepts and technology. The 2020 Global Go To Think Tank Index Reports annual ranking from the Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program at the University of Pennsylvania have listed KISS in the "Top Science and Technology Policy Think Tanks". == History == Founded in 2008 with funding from the W. M. Keck Foundation and support from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), the Keck Institute for Space Studies (KISS) is housed at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). The institute was created to develop new concepts and technology for future space missions, fostering collaboration between researchers at Caltech and JPL. Unlike traditional research centers with fixed memberships, KISS functions as a combination of a think tank and a practical research facility. KISS's operational model involves two key phases: generating ideas (the "think" phase) and funding promising ideas for further development (the "do" phase). This model, as described by Tom Prince, the director of


id: kestrel-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kestrel_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Kestrel Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kestrel_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:58.364215+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: kestrel-institute-20260505-0
summary:
The Kestrel Institute is a nonprofit computer science research center located in Stanford Research Park in Palo Alto, California, United States. It was founded by Cordell Green in 1981, who served as its Director and Chief Scientist. Its mission is to make it easier to write good, high-quality software and employs computer scientists like Lambert Meertens. In the 1980s, Kestrel described its research focus as "knowledge-based software environments" to make it easier to write software ("normalize and mechanize the programming process"). In addition, a 2002 MIT Technology Review article described one of Kestrel's projects as a way to "almost force coders to write reliable programs". A 2005 Newsweek article discussed one Kestrel technology that developed software to help the U.S. military schedule cargo deployment by "translating a description of a problem into guidelines a computer can understand". Nearly all of Kestrel's funding comes from government grants, from organizations such as the U.S. Department of Defense, DARPA, Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), AFOSR, Office of Naval Research (ONR), NASA, and the National Science Foundation (NSF). In 2015, it received $4.9 million in grants and contributions, down from the previous year's $6.6 million. == References ==


id: malaysian-industry-government-group-for-high-technology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Industry-Government_Group_for_High_Technology-0.md
category: reference
title: Malaysian Industry-Government Group for High Technology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Industry-Government_Group_for_High_Technology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:59.560268+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: malaysian-industry-government-group-for-high-technology-20260505-0
summary:
The Malaysian Industry Group High Technology (MIGHT) is a non-profit technology think tank under the purview of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Malaysia). It was established in 1993 to support the Science Advisor to the Prime Minister and leverage multi-disciplinary and inter-ministerial synergies from both industry and government. MIGHT was tasked to help drive the advancement of high technology competency and capacity in Malaysia. A public-private partnership organization in nature, it provides a consensus building platform for collaboration in developing policies and providing strategic advice to the government. Through its platform and works, MIGHT gave birth to notable and strategic national initiatives such Malaysian Formula 1 Grand Prix, Kulim High-Tech Park, Malaysian Automotive Institute, Technology Depository Agency and many others. == History == Malaysia's emphasis on development of science and technology is nothing new. The government has long initiated active measures to promote and develop techno-business opportunities by harnessing science and technology. In 1984, under then Prime Minister Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, a Science Advisor's post was created in the Prime Minister's Department to create a conducive ecosystem where science and technology and its uptake could flourish. The move is seen as complementary as well as to provide a


id: malaysian-industry-government-group-for-high-technology-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Industry-Government_Group_for_High_Technology-1.md
category: reference
title: Malaysian Industry-Government Group for High Technology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Industry-Government_Group_for_High_Technology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:31:59.560268+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: malaysian-industry-government-group-for-high-technology-20260505-0
summary:
==== Malaysia - Korea Technology Center (myKOR) ==== myKOR or Malaysia Korea Technology Center was launched by Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi on 20 October 2008. The center purpose is to serve as a gateway for Malaysian organizations and businesses to capitalize and gain access to the pool of Korean IPs and technologies, for the purpose of enhancing and increasing the value of Malaysian made products and services. === Enhancing future talents === Recognizing that technology and industry development will require the necessary human capital to support them, MIGHT has been involved in various human capital development programs. This is done through partnership with selected educational institutions as well as industry collaborators. These include programs that aims to promote the uptake of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) amongst students as well as industry bridging programs. ==== Kuala Lumpur Engineering Science Fair (KLESF) ==== KLESF is an annual program jointly organized by MIGHT, Akademi Sains Malaysia, Universiti Teknologi MARA and Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman. The program objectives is to promote STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) to students, parents, teachers and public alike. ==== Fame Lab Malaysia ==== Fame Lab is a science communication competition co-organized by MIGHT and British


id: pakistan-council-for-science-and-technology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Council_for_Science_and_Technology-0.md
category: reference
title: Pakistan Council for Science and Technology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Council_for_Science_and_Technology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:00.821587+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: pakistan-council-for-science-and-technology-20260505-0
summary:
Pakistan Council for Science and Technology (PCST) is a government-owned advisory council responsible for policy making, planning, implementation and carrying out policy studies of science and technology. It is also mandated to advise the federal government on development of fields of science and technology in Pakistan. PCST also acts as the secretariat of National Commission of Science and Technology (NCST), chaired by the Prime Minister of Pakistan. Its constitution was approved by National Assembly of Pakistan in an act called, The Pakistan Council for Science and Technology Act, 2016. == Structure == Pakistan Council for Science and Technology usually comprises the following members. === President === Minister for Science and Technology === Vice President === Secreretary, Science and Technology Division === Members === Secretary, Planning and Development Division or his nominee Secretary, Finance Division or his nominee Executive Director Higher Educatron Commission Secretary of the Division controlling subject matter of education and training (or his nominee) President, Pakistan Academy of Sciences (or his nominee) Chairman. Pakistan Engineering Council Chairman, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Chairman, Pakistan Science Foundation Representatives of provincial governments Five eminent scientists from academia, one each from four provinces and federal capital Two eminent industrialists


id: pakistan-council-of-scientific-industrial-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Council_of_Scientific_&_Industrial_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Council_of_Scientific_&_Industrial_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:02.053060+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: pakistan-council-of-scientific-industrial-research-20260505-0
summary:
The Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (PCSIR) is an independent federal agency under the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) whose mission is to promote Pakistan's innovation, economic uplift, promotion of science, and the industrial competitiveness. The PCSIR is organized into biological and physical sciences laboratories program that includes research in polymer science, engineering, metallurgy, chemicals, food, petroleum, leather, environmental, and ocean sciences. == History == After the partition of the British India by the United Kingdom in 1947, the Indian government refused the transfer of the Indian Council of Scientific and Industrial Research laboratories to Pakistan as many were well established in India. Furthermore, there was a strong lack of education (with widespread illiteracy in the nation), lack of vision about the education, myopic bureaucracy, and the lack scientific awareness during the formative years of Pakistan and its turbulent nature of its emergence critically influenced and felt the scientific development of Pakistan at the highest government level. Realizing this prompt reality in 1948, Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan to write a letter of request to his Indian counterpart, Jawaharlal Nehru, to at least allow the immigration of Indian Muslims scientists to Pakistan. Among them was Salimuzzaman Siddiqui,


id: piratbyr-n-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piratbyrån-0.md
category: reference
title: Piratbyrån
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piratbyrån
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:03.257597+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: piratbyr-n-20260505-0
summary:
Piratbyrån (Swedish: [pɪˈrɑ̂ːtbʏˌroːn] "The Pirate Bureau") was a Swedish think tank established to support the free sharing of information, culture, and intellectual property. Piratbyrån provided a counterpoint to lobby groups such as the Swedish Anti-Piracy Bureau. In 2005 Piratbyrån released an anthology entitled Copy Me, containing selected texts previously available from its website. Members of Piratbyrån participated in debates on Swedish Radio and Swedish Television and also gave several lectures in other European countries, such as at the 2005 22nd Chaos Communication Congress in Berlin. Piratbyrån's activities might have changed over the years, partly as a result of the addition of the Pirate Party to the Swedish political scene. During Walpurgis Night 2007, Piratbyrån burned all of their remaining copies of Copy Me in a ritual-like performance, declaring: The file-sharing debate is hereby buried. When we talk about file-sharing from now on it's as one of many ways to copy. We talk about better and worse ways of indexing, archiving and copying—not whether copying is right or wrong. Winter is pouring down the hillside. Make way for spring! Jonas Andersson, a Swedish researcher specialized in the politics of file-sharing, gave this brief definition in October 2009: Piratbyrån is entirely separate


id: piratbyr-n-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piratbyrån-1.md
category: reference
title: Piratbyrån
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piratbyrån
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:03.257597+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: piratbyr-n-20260505-0
summary:
== Activities in 2007 == In Piratbyrån – The Bureau of Piracy Activities 2007, published in 2008, Piratbyrån list its activities for the year 2007. Activities by Piratbyrån members include lectures at universities and conferences, the publication of reports, participation in art projects and research projects, an interview with Vanity Fair in February 2007, participation in the planning of The Oil of the 21st Century conference in Berlin, presentations at a Norwegian computer party (The Gathering), interviews to the media regarding the raid on The Pirate Bay, opening of a webshop to sell Kopimi Klothing, participation in the organisation of protests to mark the one-year anniversary of the police raid on The Pirate Bay, attendance of the BELEF07 festival in Belgrade (Serbia), and participation in the organisation of a one-day art event in Stockholm titled "Who Makes And Owns Your Work". In March 2007 Piratbyrån members were invited to a meeting with the executive group for the Swedish Film Institute, to share their views about film and copying. According to Piratbyrån "The leadership listens with interest — only to some months later launch new anti-piracy initiatives...". In the same month Piratbyrån collaborates with the Norwegian group Piratgruppen, launching the counter-campaign


id: rand-corporation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAND_Corporation-0.md
category: reference
title: RAND Corporation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAND_Corporation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:04.413895+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: rand-corporation-20260505-0
summary:
The RAND Corporation, doing business as RAND, is an American nonprofit global policy think tank, research institute, and public sector consulting firm. RAND engages in research and development (R&D) in several fields and industries. Since the 1950s, RAND research has helped inform United States policy decisions on a wide variety of issues, including the Cold War space race, the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, the U.S.–Soviet nuclear arms confrontation, the creation of the Great Society social welfare programs, and national health care. RAND originated as "Project RAND" (from the phrase "research and development") in the post-war period immediately after World War II. The U.S. Army Air Forces established Project RAND with the objective of investigating long-range planning of future weapons. The Douglas Aircraft Company was granted a contract to research intercontinental warfare. Project RAND later evolved into RAND, and expanded its research into civilian fields such as education and international affairs. It was the first think tank to be regularly referred to as a "think tank". RAND receives both public and private funding. Its funding sources include the U.S. government, private endowments, corporations, universities, charitable foundations, U.S. state and local governments, international organizations, and to a small extent, foreign


id: rand-corporation-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAND_Corporation-1.md
category: reference
title: RAND Corporation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAND_Corporation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:04.413895+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: rand-corporation-20260505-0
summary:
=== RAND === By late 1947, Douglas Aircraft executives had expressed their concerns that their close relationship with RAND might create conflict of interest problems on future hardware contracts. In February 1948, the chief of staff of the newly created United States Air Force approved the evolution of Project RAND into a nonprofit corporation, independent of Douglas. On 14 May 1948, RAND was incorporated as a nonprofit corporation under the laws of the State of California and on 1 November 1948, the Project RAND contract was formally transferred from the Douglas Aircraft Company to RAND. Initial capital for the spin-off was provided by the Ford Foundation. Since the 1950s, RAND research has helped inform United States policy decisions on a wide variety of issues, including the space race, the Vietnam War, the U.S.–Soviet nuclear arms confrontation, the creation of the Great Society social welfare programs, the digital revolution, and national health care. In the 1970s, New York City used RAND's computer models to determine which fire stations to close. Most of the closed stations were in relatively poor areas, such as South Bronx or Lower East Side. RAND contributed to the doctrine of nuclear deterrence by mutually assured destruction (MAD),


id: rand-corporation-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAND_Corporation-2.md
category: reference
title: RAND Corporation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAND_Corporation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:04.413895+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: rand-corporation-20260505-0
summary:
=== Emerging technologies and innovation === RAND has examined the implications of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, cybersecurity threats, and autonomous systems. It was accused of working too closely with Open Philanthropy in its work on AI, at the risk of losing its independence. RAND employees have expressed concerns to Politico about the organization's objectivity after it was revealed that RAND helped draft the Executive Order on AI, following over $15 million in funding from a Facebook founder-backed Open Philanthropy. In December 2023, the House Science Committee sent a bipartisan letter to the National Institute of Standards and Technology raising concerns over RAND's "research that has failed to go through robust review processes, such as academic peer review." On September 13, 2024, the ranking member of the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation sent a letter to RAND to better understand its "involvement in the AI Executive Order and the administration's other actions related to online speech." === Other research areas === Auto insurance City government Cold War and potential nuclear conflict Iraq War National health insurance Vietnam War Transparency in government == Notable participants == Henry H. "Hap" Arnold: General of the Air Force, United States


id: rand-corporation-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAND_Corporation-3.md
category: reference
title: RAND Corporation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAND_Corporation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:04.413895+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: rand-corporation-20260505-0
summary:
== See also == A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal Deviates (published by RAND) Truth Decay (also published by RAND) Federally funded research and development centers == References == == Further reading == === Books === Alex Abella. Soldiers of Reason: The RAND Corporation and the Rise of the American Empire (2008, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt hardcover; ISBN 0-15-101081-1 / 2009, Mariner Books paperback reprint edition; ISBN 0-15-603344-5). S.M. Amadae. Rationalizing Capitalist Democracy: The Cold War Origins of Rational Choice Liberalism (2003, University of Chicago Press paperback; ISBN 0-226-01654-4 / hardcover; ISBN 0-226-01653-6). Martin J. Collins. Cold War Laboratory: RAND, the Air Force, and the American State, 1945–1950 (2002, Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press hardcover, part of the Smithsonian History of Aviation and Spaceflight Series; ISBN 1-58834-086-4) Joe Flood. The Fires: How a Computer Formula Burned Down New York City—and Determined the Future of American Cities, 2010, Riverhead Books, ISBN 1-59448-898-3, 9781594488986—summarized at: GoodReads.com, and reviewed at: GoodReads.com (by Rob Kitchin), and at Accounts, (newsletter of the Economics section of the American Sociological Association), Vol. XV, Issue 2, Spring 2016, page 32. Sharon Ghamari-Tabrizi. The Worlds of Herman Kahn: The Intuitive Science of Thermonuclear War (2005, Harvard University Press; ISBN 978-0-674-01714-6)


id: regional-center-for-renewable-energy-and-energy-efficiency-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Center_for_Renewable_Energy_and_Energy_Efficiency-0.md
category: reference
title: Regional Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Center_for_Renewable_Energy_and_Energy_Efficiency
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:05.633438+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: regional-center-for-renewable-energy-and-energy-efficiency-20260505-0
summary:
The Regional Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RCREEE) is an intergovernmental organization with diplomatic status that aims to enable and increase the adoption of renewable energy and energy efficiency practices in the Arab region. RCREEE teams with regional governments and global organizations to initiate and lead clean energy policy dialogues, strategies, technologies and capacity development in order to increase Arab states' share of tomorrow's energy. Through its solid alliance with the League of Arab States, RCREEE is committed to tackle each country's specific needs and objectives through collaborating with Arab policy makers, businesses, international organizations and academic communities in key work areas: capacity development and learning, policies and regulations, research and statistics, and technical assistance. The center is also involved in various local and regional projects and initiatives that are tailored to specific objectives. Having today 17 Arab countries among its members (Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania Morocco, Palestine, Somalia Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, and Yemen), RCREEE strives to lead renewable energy and energy efficiency initiatives and expertise in all Arab states based on five core strategic impact areas: facts and figures, policies, people, institutions, and finance. RCREEE is financed through its member state


id: richard-dawkins-foundation-for-reason-and-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Dawkins_Foundation_for_Reason_and_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Dawkins_Foundation_for_Reason_and_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:06.922576+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: richard-dawkins-foundation-for-reason-and-science-20260505-0
summary:
The Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science (RDFRS or RDF) is a division of Center for Inquiry (CFI) founded by British biologist Richard Dawkins in 2006 to promote scientific literacy and secularism. Originally a non-profit based in Washington, D.C., the organization merged with CFI in 2016. == History == After Richard Dawkins' success with the book The God Delusion, he created the foundation with its headquarters in the United States to work toward a world in which religion no longer interferes with the advance of science and in which people use their critical thinking skills to evaluate theist claims about the nature of reality. Dawkins complained of the difficulty he faced in gaining tax-free status, which he attributes to the secular nature of the organization. In contrast to the presumption by officials that religious organizations benefit humanity without evidence (for instance Our Lady of Perpetual Exemption), he points to a letter he received from the British Charity Commission requesting evidence for the claim that the advancement of science is connected to the public good. Theist author Marion Ledwig suggests that the foundation may have been set up as an atheist counterpart to the John Templeton Foundation, an organization which


id: swecha-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swecha-0.md
category: reference
title: Swecha
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swecha
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:08.083570+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: swecha-20260505-0
summary:
Swecha is a non-profit organization formerly called Free Software Foundation Andhra Pradesh (FSF-AP). It is a Telugu operating system released in the year 2005, and is a part of Free Software Movement of India (FSMI). The organization is a social movement working towards educating the masses with the essence of Free Software and to provide knowledge to the commoners. Swecha organizes workshops and seminars in the Indian states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. Presently Swecha is active GLUG (GNU/Linux User Group) in many engineering colleges like International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, St. Martin's Engineering College, Sridevi Women's Engineering College, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, SCIENT Institute of Technology, CMR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Jyothishmathi College of Engineering and Technology, MVGR College of Engineering, K L University and Ace Engineering College. == Objectives == The main objectives of the organization are as follows: To take forward free software and its ideological implications to all corners of India from the developed domains to the underprivileged. To create awareness among computer users in the use of free software. To work towards usage of free software in all streams of sciences and research.


id: swecha-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swecha-1.md
category: reference
title: Swecha
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swecha
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:08.083570+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: swecha-20260505-0
summary:
== Projects == Swecha is a free software project aimed at coming out with a localised version of Linux operating system in Telugu and providing global software solutions to the local people with the Free Software development model by working together with the community of developers and users all over. The prime objective of Swecha OS is to provide a complete computing solution to a population that speaks and understands only Telugu. The target users of the Distro being the entire community that is a prey of the digital divide. This project helps in coming out with a solution for the digital divide and allows the possibility of digital unite becoming a reality. The project aims at bridging the gap between the computer technology that exists predominantly in English and the Telugu-speaking community of India. The project also aims at providing a framework for development and maintenance of Free Software projects taken up by the community. Bala Swecha is a free software project, initiated by the Swecha for tiny tots, It is a school distro with many of the useful interactive applications for the school goers. Its stack is filled with educational suites for all the standards right from elementary


id: technology-policy-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_Policy_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Technology Policy Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_Policy_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:09.306030+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: technology-policy-institute-20260505-0
summary:
The Technology Policy Institute is an independent think tank in Washington, DC dedicated to the study of technology policy. Established in 2010, its mission is "to advance knowledge and inform policymakers by producing independent, rigorous research and by sponsoring educational programs and conferences on major issues affecting information technology and communications policy." As of 2019, the University of Pennsylvania ranked Technology Policy Institute among most authoritative science and technology policy think tanks in the world. == Overview == The Technology Policy Institute conducts research and publishes peer-reviewed papers, issues policy briefs, delivers congressional testimony, publishes commentary, hosts events and produces a podcast on a variety of topics related to technology policy. The institute's research has been cited in The Atlantic, Reuters, The Hill and others. === Screen time === In 2013, Scott Wallsten of the Technology Policy Institute published a study that researched screen time, specifically attempting to quantify how much less time people spend working, sleeping, and socializing at the expense of increased screen time. The study's scope was limited to "online leisure" activity (i.e. non-working screen time) and found that increased time online did equate to less time spent sleeping, studying, and socializing, among other activities. === Big


id: wau-holland-foundation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wau_Holland_Foundation-0.md
category: reference
title: Wau Holland Foundation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wau_Holland_Foundation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:10.476118+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wau-holland-foundation-20260505-0
summary:
The Wau Holland Foundation (German: Wau Holland Stiftung; WHS) is a nonprofit foundation based in Hamburg, Germany. It was established in 2003 in memory of Wau Holland, co-founder of the Chaos Computer Club (CCC). Loosely connected with the Chaos Computer Club, the foundation aims to preserve and further Holland's ideas in fields such as technology assessment, the history of technology and freedom of information. Specifically, it promotes the use of electronic media for educational purposes. The Vice President of the Wau Holland Foundation is Andy Müller-Maguhn, a friend of Julian Assange. The Foundation organises its charitable activities into multiple project areas, reflecting issues relevant to Holland's ideas and their mission. As of 2025, project areas include "Campaign against voting computers", "Anonymity networks", "Decentralized communication networks", "Enduring freedom of information", "Alpha-BIT-isation" (media and technology education), "Informational Self-Determination", "Moral courage", and "Free software." Supported projects include the "Archive of Contemporary History of Technology (Hacker archive)", which documents the history of the hacker scene. == Campaign against voting computers == In cooperation with the Chaos Computer Club, the foundation initiated an investigation and public campaign against the use of electronic voting machines, in response to the ES3B voting computers from the Dutch company


id: wau-holland-foundation-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wau_Holland_Foundation-1.md
category: reference
title: Wau Holland Foundation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wau_Holland_Foundation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:10.476118+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wau-holland-foundation-20260505-0
summary:
=== Relationship to WikiLeaks === The foundation processes donations in Europe to support the WikiLeaks organization and (from his arrest in April 2019 until his release in 2024) Julian Assange's defense, including funds raised through the AssangeDAO in 2022. Between October 2009 when it began accepting donations on WikiLeaks' behalf and December 2010, the foundation collected over $1.9 million USD. On 4 December 2010, PayPal turned off donations in response to the foundation's connection to WikiLeaks, alleging that the account was being used for "activities that encourage, promote, facilitate or instruct others to engage in illegal activity." On 8 December 2010 the foundation released a press statement, saying it has filed legal action against PayPal for blocking its account and for libel due to PayPal's allegations of "illegal activity." In October 2022, the foundation sponsored a multi-week exhibition in Berlin, titled "NoisyLeaks! The Art of Exposing Secrets." With international contributions from artists, technologists, journalists, researchers, filmmakers and activists, including Ai Weiwei and !Mediengruppe Bitnik, the event featured a variety of artistic creations, films, presentations, and workshops related to "the historical and cultural heritage of WikiLeaks," as a retrospective on the impact of their releases. == Finance == As of December


id: dipterists-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipterists_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Dipterists Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipterists_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:11.987872+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: dipterists-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Dipterists Society, formerly known as the North American Dipterists Society, is an international society for dipterists, who study flies. The society was informally established in the late 1980s, but incorporated itself in California in 2019, and registered as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. The society took its current name in 2023. The society is currently directed by Stephen D. Gaimari, Martin Hauser, Christopher J. Borkent, and Jessica Gillung. == Publications == === Fly Times === The society publishes the Fly Times and Fly Times Supplement newsletters. === Myia === Myia an is irregular book series established in 1979 by Paul H. Arnaud Jr. The first six volumes were produced and distributed by Arnaud, and was sponsored by the California Academy of Sciences. Volumes 7 and 8 are incomplete. From volume 9 onwards, the journal became affiliated with the Dipterist Society. === The Tachinid Times === The Tachinid Times is hosted on the 'Tachinidae Resources' web pages of the former website of the North American Dipterists Society (NADS). == Meetings == The society conducts its annual meetings during the Entomological Society of America annual meetings. It also conducts field meetings every two years. == References == == Further reading == Stephen


id: hellenic-translation-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenic_Translation_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Hellenic Translation Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenic_Translation_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:13.172368+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: hellenic-translation-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Hellenic Society for Translation Studies (Greek: Ελληνική Εταιρεία Μεταφρασεολογίας) is a non-profit organization that promotes research on translation, interpreting, and localization. == History and objectives == The Hellenic Society for Translation Studies was founded in 2011 by 21 leading academics, during the 2nd Meeting of Greek-speaking Translation Scholars held at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The Society's official language is Greek. The aim of the Society is to serve as a forum for the exchange of views and reflections for trainers, researchers, and professionals in the fields of translation, interpreting, and localization in the Greek-speaking world. It also aspires to promote the importance, usefulness, and complexity of translation and its crucial role in contemporary societies. More particularly, the Society aims at promoting scientific research in the fields of translation, interpreting, and localization, facilitating the interaction between professional and academic bodies in the above-mentioned fields, providing consultancy services in matters of translation and interpreting teaching and training, providing information and promoting collaborations at a national and international level on issues relating to translation, interpreting and localization research, as well as the research outputs and applications. == Activities == To achieve the above goals, the Society monitors the work of Greek-speaking


id: iaqvec-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAQVEC-0.md
category: reference
title: IAQVEC
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAQVEC
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:14.354165+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: iaqvec-20260505-0
summary:
The IAQVEC (Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings) is an international scientific organisation whose mission is to provide technical support, guidance and technical publications to industry and research organizations for the optimization of indoor air quality, ventilation technology and energy conservation through annual conferences and workshops. The conferences cover a wide range of key research areas with the goal of simultaneously improving indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and energy efficiency enhancing wellbeing and sustainability. The association was established in 1992. == History == Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings (IAQVEC) was founded by Fariborz Haghighat and Francis Allard in 1992. The first IAQVEC conference was held October 7–9, 1992 at the 5th International Jacques Cartier Conference in Montreal, and an annual meeting has been held since 1992. Past and future IAQVEC conferences include: == Objectives == The objectives of the association are: To promote scientific, technological and technical advances related to IAQVEC fields at the international level To develop and disseminate knowledge and information related to IAQVEC To promote and organize IAQVEC conferences every three years. == See also == Air infiltration and Ventilation Centre (AIVC) American Society of Heating, Refirigeration, Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) International


id: international-core-academy-of-sciences-and-humanities-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Core_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Humanities-0.md
category: reference
title: International Core Academy of Sciences and Humanities
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Core_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Humanities
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:15.539239+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-core-academy-of-sciences-and-humanities-20260505-0
summary:
The International Core Academy of Sciences and Humanities known as CORE Academy, headquartered in Hong Kong, is an interdisciplinary, non-governmental, non-profit scientific organization. The organization is committed to recognizing outstanding academic achievements, promoting global academic cooperation, and advancing knowledge for the benefit of humanity. == Fellowship and Nomination == The International Core Academy of Sciences and Humanities follows a merit-based process for the election of Fellows. Nominations may be made by current Fellows or recommended by members of the Academic Committee, and require the support of existing Fellows. Candidates' academic records undergo a preliminary review, followed by evaluation from two Fellows who assess the quality and impact of the work. The Academic Committee then considers the overall scholarly contribution before the final decision is approved by the Board. Election to the Academy's Fellowship is regarded as an internationally recognized academic honor, reflecting distinction in research, education, or leadership across the sciences and humanities. The process is conducted under confidentiality to ensure impartiality, fairness, and integrity. == Operations == The Academy operates as an independent non-profit organization. Its management and decision-making are guided by principles of academic autonomy and are not associated with private interests or political positions. Financial support is


id: international-society-for-transgenic-technologies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Society_for_Transgenic_Technologies-0.md
category: reference
title: International Society for Transgenic Technologies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Society_for_Transgenic_Technologies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:16.730050+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-society-for-transgenic-technologies-20260505-0
summary:
The International Society for Transgenic Technologies (ISTT) is an organization dedicated to advancing research, communication, and technology exchange regarding transgenic technologies. == Purpose == Support for scientific research and education in the field of generating genetically modified model organisms in adherence with the 3Rs principles. Promotion of science and technology used in the generation and analysis of genetically modified organisms for biomedical research and biotechnological application. Providing the organizational framework for a scientific community that includes academic and industrial scientists, students and technical assistants, and in general, any individuals with an interest in the generation of and the analysis of genetically modified organisms. Providing a communication and knowledge sharing platform that brings together scientists from academic research and industry, as well as research technology experts. Organization of a regular international scientific conference entitled "Transgenic Technology Meeting". Publication of specialist information in the form of books, protocols, and other specialist texts in the field of transgenic technologies. Organization and promotion of courses, seminars, and other educational activities for training in transgenic technologies. Cooperation with other national and international societies with similar aims (e.g., IMGS, AALAS, AAALAC, FELASA). Providing information to the public about the benefits associated with using and applying transgenic


id: leibniz-society-of-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz_Society_of_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: Leibniz Society of Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz_Society_of_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:17.932991+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: leibniz-society-of-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The Leibniz-Sozietät der Wissenschaften zu Berlin is a German-speaking association of scientists founded in Berlin in 1993 in the legal form of a registered association. It is dedicated to interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary exchange and the discussion of fundamental problems in science and society. In its self-image, it is ‘an association of outstanding natural scientists, scholars in the humanities, social scientists and technicians working according to the classical principle of the European academies’ The association continues the activities of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR with personnel continuity. == History of origin == The Leibniz-Sozietät was constituted in its current legal form on April 15, 1993, as a registered non-profit association. The Leibniz-Sozietät bears its name in memory of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz as the initiator and first president of the Electoral Brandenburg Society of Sciences founded in 1700, who developed the learned society in close cooperation with Daniel Ernst Jablonski as vice-president (later president; namesake of a medal of the Leibniz-Sozietät). This society gave rise to the Academy of Sciences in Berlin, which had various names. The best-known include Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres (from 1746), Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften (up to 1945), Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin


id: leibniz-society-of-sciences-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz_Society_of_Sciences-1.md
category: reference
title: Leibniz Society of Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz_Society_of_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:17.932991+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: leibniz-society-of-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The members of the Leibniz-Sozietät gather monthly for public meetings, at which scientific lectures are held and discussed, and they organise the yearly “Leibniz Day” close to the birthday of G. W. Leibniz on 1 July, which had already been established in the academy's statute of 1812 and which also serves as a public accountability event. The meetings of the Sozietät take place as interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary events in the two classes “Natural and Technical Sciences”, which also includes mathematics and life sciences/medicine, as well as “Social Sciences and Humanities” and in the “Plenum”. In addition, scientific colloquia, conferences and other scientific events with international participation are held. In ten working groups, the members, together with other specialist colleagues and young scientists, deal with central issues of science and society. The working groups are particularly active in the following areas: History of Science and Academia, Pedagogy, Social Analysis and Classes, Earth, Mining and Environmental, Space and Astro Sciences, Principle of Simplicity, Vormärz and 1848 Revolution Research, Tolerance, Time and Evolution, General Technology and Emergent Systems, Information and Society. The results achieved, together with their public discussion, also provide suggestions for future scientific strategy and for shaping policy and society. In


id: society-for-clinical-trials-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Clinical_Trials-0.md
category: reference
title: Society for Clinical Trials
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Clinical_Trials
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:19.123835+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: society-for-clinical-trials-20260505-0
summary:
The Society for Clinical Trials (SCT) is an American professional organization in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania dedicated to advancing the science and practice of clinical trials. Established in 1978, SCT is an international organization with a membership of hundreds of individuals from academia, industry, government, and non-profit organizations. The society promotes the development and dissemination of knowledge related to the design, conduct, analysis, interpretation, and reporting of clinical trials. The leadership structure of the Society for Clinical Trials comprises a president who holds office for a one-year term. Currently, Dixie Ecklund is serving as the president for the term of 2023-24. == History == The Society for Clinical Trials was formally established in September 1978 with the objective of advancing and facilitating the development and exchange of knowledge pertaining to the design and execution of clinical trials and research utilizing comparable methodologies. Commemorating its 40th anniversary, the society marked this significant milestone during its annual meeting held in New Orleans from May 19 to May 22, 2019. == David Sackett Trial of the Year Award == This award is given out each year to the randomized clinical trial that was published in the previous year and most effectively meets the following criteria:


id: society-for-experimental-biology-and-medicine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Experimental_Biology_and_Medicine-0.md
category: reference
title: Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Experimental_Biology_and_Medicine
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:20.259493+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: society-for-experimental-biology-and-medicine-20260505-0
summary:
The Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (abbreviated SEBM) is a nonprofit scientific society dedicated to promoting research in the biomedical sciences. == Founding == The SEBM was founded in 1903, after Samuel J. Meltzer proposed founding a society dedicated to experimental biology and medicine. Meltzer then teamed up with Graham Lusk to invite eight New York scientists to a conference at Lusk's home, where they discussed the possibility of founding a biomedical society. At the conference, the attendees uniformly agreed to appoint a committee for a permanent society. == Journal == The SEBM's official journal is Experimental Biology and Medicine (EBM), published by Frontiers Media. It was founded in 1904 as the Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, and obtained its current name in 2001. == References == == External links == Official website


id: society-for-the-neuroscience-of-creativity-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_the_Neuroscience_of_Creativity-0.md
category: reference
title: Society for the Neuroscience of Creativity
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_the_Neuroscience_of_Creativity
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:21.478847+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: society-for-the-neuroscience-of-creativity-20260505-0
summary:
Society for the Neuroscience of Creativity (SfNC) is an international scientific society devoted to advancing research on the neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying creativity. Established in 2015, the society promotes interdisciplinary collaboration among neuroscientists, psychologists, educators, artists, and practitioners working in fields related to creative cognition and creative practice. SfNC supports research dissemination through conferences, publications, and community initiatives, and is supported in part by the National Science Foundation. == History == SfNC was founded in 2015 by cognitive neuroscientists Adam Green, David Beversdorf, and Rex Jung. Since its founding, SfNC has expanded to include members from more than 30 countries. The society’s leadership has included several prominent scholars in creativity and neuroscience. Past presidents include David Beversdorf, Adam Green, and Evangelia Chrysikou. As of 2025, the president is Indre Viskontas, with Roger Beaty serving as president-elect. == Activities == SfNC organizes an annual conference that brings together researchers to present and discuss empirical work on the neuroscience of creativity. The meetings typically include keynote lectures, symposia, poster sessions, and opportunities for collaboration among scholars from diverse disciplines. The Society also sponsors special issues, symposia, and publications through its official journal, the Creativity Research Journal, which publishes peer-reviewed research on


id: american-association-for-the-advancement-of-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: American Association for the Advancement of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:23.166264+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-association-for-the-advancement-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is a United States–based international nonprofit with the stated mission of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the betterment of all humanity. AAAS was the first permanent organization established to promote science and engineering nationally and to represent the interests of American researchers from across all scientific fields. It is the world's largest general scientific society, with over 120,000 members, and is the publisher of the well-known scientific journal Science. == History == === Creation === The American Association for the Advancement of Science was created on September 20, 1848, at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was a reformation of the Association of American Geologists and Naturalists with the broadened mission to be the first permanent organization to promote science and engineering nationally and to represent the interests of American researchers from across all scientific fields The society chose William Charles Redfield as their first president because he had proposed the most comprehensive plans for the organization. According to the first constitution which was agreed to at the September 20 meeting, the goal of the


id: american-association-for-the-advancement-of-science-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science-1.md
category: reference
title: American Association for the Advancement of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:23.166264+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-association-for-the-advancement-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
=== Advocacy === Alan I. Leshner, AAAS CEO from 2001 until 2015, published many op-ed articles discussing how many people integrate science and religion in their lives. He has opposed the insertion of non-scientific content, such as creationism or intelligent design, into the scientific curriculum of schools. In December 2006, the AAAS adopted an official statement on climate change, in which they stated, "The scientific evidence is clear: global climate change caused by human activities is occurring now, and it is a growing threat to society....The pace of change and the evidence of harm have increased markedly over the last five years. The time to control greenhouse gas emissions is now." In February 2007, the AAAS used satellite images to document human rights abuses in Burma. The next year, AAAS launched the Center for Science Diplomacy to advance both science and the broader relationships among partner countries, by promoting science diplomacy and international scientific cooperation. In 2012, AAAS published op-eds, held events on Capitol Hill and released analyses of the U.S. federal research-and-development budget, to warn that a budget sequestration would have severe consequences for scientific progress. == Sciences == AAAS covers various areas of sciences and engineering. It has


id: american-association-for-the-advancement-of-science-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science-2.md
category: reference
title: American Association for the Advancement of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:23.166264+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-association-for-the-advancement-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
=== Board of directors === The board of directors is composed of a chairperson, the president, and the president-elect along with eight elected directors, the executive officer of the association and up to two additional directors appointed by elected officers. Members serve a four-year term except for directors appointed by elected officers, who serve three-year terms. The current chairman is Gerald Fink, Margaret and Herman Sokol Professor at Whitehead Institute, MIT. Fink will serve in the post until the end of the 2016 AAAS Annual Meeting, 15 February 2016. (The chairperson is always the immediate past-president of AAAS.) The board of directors has a variety of powers and responsibilities. It is charged with the administration of all association funds, publication of a budget, appointment of administrators, proposition of amendments, and determining the time and place of meetings of the national association. The board may also speak publicly on behalf of the association. The board must also regularly correspond with the council to discuss their actions. == AAAS Fellows == The AAAS council elects every year, its members who are distinguished scientifically, to the grade of fellow (FAAAS). Election to AAAS is an honor bestowed by their peers and elected fellows


id: american-geosciences-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Geosciences_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: American Geosciences Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Geosciences_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:24.297571+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-geosciences-institute-20260505-0
summary:
The American Geosciences Institute (AGI) is a nonprofit federation of about 50 geoscientific and professional organizations that represents geologists, geophysicists, and other earth scientists. The organization was founded in 1948. The organization's offices are in Alexandria, Virginia. The name of the organization was changed from the American Geological Institute on October 1, 2011. == History == Since 1966, AGI has produced GeoRef, a literature database for those studying the earth sciences. AGI operates the Center for Geosciences and Society. AGI's monthly magazine Geotimes became EARTH Magazine on September 1, 2008, with an increased focus on public communication of geoscience research. In April 2019, EARTH Magazine suspended publication and was folded into Nautilus Quarterly. == Activities == The stated mission of AGI is to "represent and serve the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to connect Earth, science, and people". GeoRef offers a variety of specialized databases for researchers, educators, and students in specific areas of geoscience. AGI offers lessons and curricula designed for teachers of Earth sciences in schools (K-12). These educational resources are created in partnership with geological organizations whose work is related to Earth science concepts. Every year in the second full week of October, AGI


id: american-institute-of-biological-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_of_Biological_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: American Institute of Biological Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_of_Biological_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:25.518471+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-institute-of-biological-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) is a nonprofit scientific public charitable organization. The organization's mission is to promote the use of science to inform decision-making and advance biology for the benefit of science and society. == Overview == AIBS serves as a society of societies. It has 98 member organizations and is headquartered in Herndon, VA. Its staff work to achieve its mission by publishing the peer-reviewed journal BioScience, providing peer review and advisory support services for funding organizations, providing professional development for scientists and students, advocating for science policy and educating the public about biology. AIBS works with like-minded organizations, funding agencies, and nonprofit and for-profit entities to promote the use of science to inform decision-making. AIBS is governed by an esteemed Board of Directors and a Council of representatives of its member organizations. == Background and history == AIBS was established in 1947 as a part of the National Academy of Sciences. The overarching goal was to unify the individuals and organizations that collectively represent the biological sciences, so that the community could address matters of common concern. In the 1950s, AIBS became an independent, member-governed, nonprofit 501(c)3 public charity scientific organization. In 1962, the National


id: american-institute-of-physics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_of_Physics-0.md
category: reference
title: American Institute of Physics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_of_Physics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:26.768179+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-institute-of-physics-20260505-0
summary:
The American Institute of Physics (AIP) promotes science and the profession of physics, publishes physics journals, and produces publications for scientific and engineering societies. The AIP is made up of various member societies. Its corporate headquarters are at the American Center for Physics in College Park, Maryland, but the institute also has offices in Melville, New York, and Beijing. == Historical overview == The AIP was founded in 1931 as a response to lack of funding for the sciences during the Great Depression. The AIP was founded in 1931 at a joint meeting between four physics societies: the American Physical Society, the Optical Society of America, the Acoustical Society of America, and the Society of Rheology. These were soon joined by the American Association of Physics Teachers, for a total of five societies. It formally incorporated in 1932 consisting of five original "member societies", and a total of four thousand members. As soon as the AIP was established it began publishing scientific journals. By 1943, the AIP published eight journals: Physical Review, Reviews of Modern Physics, Journal of the Optical Society of America, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, American Journal of Physics, Review of Scientific Instruments, Journal of


id: federation-of-european-microbiological-societies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_European_Microbiological_Societies-0.md
category: reference
title: Federation of European Microbiological Societies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_European_Microbiological_Societies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:27.954884+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: federation-of-european-microbiological-societies-20260505-0
summary:
Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS) is an international European scientific organization, formed by the union of a number of national organizations; there are now 57 members from 41 European countries, regular and provisional. Members can apply for fellowships, grants and/or support when organising a meeting. FEMS facilitates exchange of scientific knowledge to all microbiologists in Europe and worldwide by publishing seven microbiology journals and organising a biennial congress for microbiologists around the world. It also initiates campaigns such as the European Academy of Microbiology (EAM). Since 1977, it has been the sponsor of FEMS Microbiology Letters, a single journal. Now, FEMS publishes seven journals: FEMS Microbiology Ecology FEMS Microbiology Reviews FEMS Microbiology Letters FEMS Yeast Research Pathogens and Disease a journal preceded by FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology FEMS Microbes FEMS microLife Originally published for the Society by Elsevier, then by Wiley-Blackwell, they are now published by Oxford University Press. == References == == External links == Federation website European Academy of Microbiology website


id: global-initiative-on-psychiatry-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Initiative_on_Psychiatry-0.md
category: reference
title: Global Initiative on Psychiatry
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Initiative_on_Psychiatry
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:29.098799+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: global-initiative-on-psychiatry-20260505-0
summary:
Global Initiative on Psychiatry (GIP) is an international foundation for mental health reform which took part in the campaign against the political abuse of psychiatry in the USSR. The organization is of NGO type. Headquartered in Hilversum, GIP has regional centers in Tbilisi, Sofia, and Vilnius, and a country office in Dushanbe. GIP is a main contributor to improving psychiatric care in countries of the former Soviet Union as well as Central and Eastern Europe. It has expanded its focus and as of 2010 is including projects in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean. GIP also focuses on the political abuse of psychiatry throughout the world and human rights monitoring. == History == 20 December 1980 saw the formation in Paris of the International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry (IAPUP) whose first secretary was Dr Gérard Bles of France. Since the Congress in Honolulu in 1978, he has inspired the movement against the use of psychiatry for political ends. The organization campaigned against the political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union by leading efforts within national and international psychiatric organizations to eradicate this systematic abuse. The IAPUP had no connection with any political group nor with antipsychiatry. The


id: international-social-science-council-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Social_Science_Council-0.md
category: reference
title: International Social Science Council
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Social_Science_Council
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:30.353095+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-social-science-council-20260505-0
summary:
The International Social Science Council (ISSC) was an international non-governmental organization promoting the social sciences, including the economic and behavioural sciences. Founded in 1952, the organization was based out of UNESCO headquarters in Paris, France. == History == The ISSC was established in October 1952 under the auspices of UNESCO following a resolution adopted at the 6th UNESCO General Conference in 1951. It was adopted on 19 September 1972, completed and revised on 14 November 1979, and underwent multiple revisions on 17 December 1985, 3 December 1992, 27 November 1998, 8 November 2006, and finally 10 December 2010. ISSC was registered in accordance with French Law. In July 2018, the ISSC merged with the International Council for Science (ICSU) to form the International Science Council (ISC). == Mission == The mission of the ISSC was to advance the social sciences – their quality, novelty, and utility – in all parts of the world: To advance social science research across national and regional boundaries; To support social science capacity building, particularly in countries and regions where it is currently not well developed; To provide a central clearinghouse for the collection, interpretation, analysis, and dissemination of data on social science resources, their


id: international-social-science-council-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Social_Science_Council-1.md
category: reference
title: International Social Science Council
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Social_Science_Council
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:30.353095+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-social-science-council-20260505-0
summary:
=== Prizes === The ISSC was awarded two prestigious international prizes: the Stein Rokkan Prize for Comparative Social Science Research and the Foundation Mattei Dogan Prize for Excellence in Interdisciplinary Research. Nominations for the prize were made by ISSC members or other professional associations in various disciplines, as well as by universities and academic institutions. The selection of a winner is made by an international jury of scholars. === World Social Science Fellows === From 2012 to 2015, the ISSC led the World Social Science Fellows programme, an international scientific programme to support early-career researchers in the social sciences. ISSC aimed to foster a new generation of globally networked research leaders who will collaborate in addressing global problems with particular relevance for low and middle-income countries. == Member organizations == Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia Arab Council for the Social Sciences Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Ciências Sociais (ANPOCS) Association of Asian Social Science Research Councils (AASSREC) British Academy Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO) Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA) Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS) Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) European


id: international-society-for-plant-pathology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Society_for_Plant_Pathology-0.md
category: reference
title: International Society for Plant Pathology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Society_for_Plant_Pathology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:31.582626+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-society-for-plant-pathology-20260505-0
summary:
The International Society for Plant Pathology is a global nonprofit institution dedicated to “promoting world-wide plant health and food security.” It was founded in 1968 and the first President of the society was the pioneer British plant pathologist, Ronald Karslake Starr Wood. The International Society for Plant Pathology is a member of the International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS), the International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS), in liaison with the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). == History == The aim of its founders in 1968 was to disseminate knowledge about plant development and plant diseases and their management. The ISPP also organises the International Congress of Plant Pathology every half-decade which is sponsored by its executive committee. The constituent bodies of the ISPP include a general assembly that convenes every five years during the congress, a council, an executive committee, a secretariat and subject matter committees. At a meeting in Lancaster, UK, in 1994, it was decided to establish the "Glenn Anderson Lecture" at the congress to cover global topics like agriculture and sustainability in the developing world. The society also maintains the World Directory of Plant Pathologists, an initiative of Fran Fisher (University of Florida). Directories were published


id: international-union-of-biochemistry-and-molecular-biology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Biochemistry_and_Molecular_Biology-0.md
category: reference
title: International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Biochemistry_and_Molecular_Biology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:32.774400+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-union-of-biochemistry-and-molecular-biology-20260505-0
summary:
The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) is an international non-governmental organisation concerned with biochemistry and molecular biology. Formed in 1955 as the International Union of Biochemistry (IUB), the union has presently 79 member countries and regions (as of 2020). The Union is devoted to promoting research and education in biochemistry and molecular biology throughout the world, and gives particular attention to localities where the subject is still in its early development. == History == The first Congress of Biochemistry was held in 1949 in Cambridge, UK, organized by the Biochemical Society, and was inspired by German-born British biochemist Sir Hans Adolf Krebs as a means of bringing together biochemists who had been separated by World War II. At the time, biochemistry was blossoming as a discipline and was seeking its own recognition as a union within the International Council for Science (ICSU). The congress was a first step to recognize biochemistry as a separate discipline and entity. At the final session of this congress, the International Committee of Biochemistry was set up with 20 members from fourteen countries with the goal obtaining from the ICSU 'recognition as the international body representative of biochemistry, with a view to


id: international-union-of-biological-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Biological_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: International Union of Biological Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Biological_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:33.974612+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-union-of-biological-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The International Union of Biological Sciences ( IUBS ) is a non-profit organization and non-governmental organization founded in 1919 that promotes biological sciences internationally. As a scientific umbrella organization, it was a founding member of the International Council for Science (ICSU). == History == The Union was founded in 1919 following the work of the Conference of Allied Academies of Sciences held in Brussels. Originally, the 'S' was not for 'Science' but for 'Societies'. After defining its constitution and organization in 1925, the IUBS adheres to the International Research Council (International Council for Science), which is now known as the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU). From 1925 to 1939, the IUBS worked on two main themes: information science and environment. This second project resulted in the creation of the World Conservation Union. == Networking and cooperation == The Union was a founding member of the ICSU Scientific Committee and works closely with UNESCO. It also maintains relations with the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). It cooperates with the European Commission and numerous other organizations, agencies, and foundations. == Organisation == The Union currently consists of: 44 national


id: international-union-of-microbiological-societies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Microbiological_Societies-0.md
category: reference
title: International Union of Microbiological Societies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Microbiological_Societies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:35.207492+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-union-of-microbiological-societies-20260505-0
summary:
The International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS), founded in 1927 as the International Society of Microbiology, is one of 40 member unions and associations of the International Science Council (ISC), and was formerly under ISC's predecessor, the International Council for Science. The union's objectives are to promote the study of microbiological sciences internationally: initiate, facilitate and coordinate research and other scientific activities which involve international cooperation; ensure the discussion and dissemination of the results of international conferences, symposia and meetings and assist in the publication of their reports; represent microbiological sciences in ISC and maintain contact with other international organizations. IUMS activities include the classification and nomenclature of bacteria, fungi and viruses, food microbiology, medical microbiology and diagnostics, culture collections, education, and biological standardization. The president-elect of IUMS is Professor Eliora Ron of Tel Aviv University. == Organization == The IUMS has three divisions: Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology (BAM) Mycology Virology These divisions each have their own set of officers and objectives. Each division is responsible for the organization of their own International Congresses. They work together toward the goal of furthering microbiology research and communication globally. The IUMS conducts scientific activities through 6 specialist international committees, 9 international commissions,


id: international-union-of-nutritional-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Nutritional_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: International Union of Nutritional Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Nutritional_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:36.377843+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-union-of-nutritional-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS) is an international non-governmental organization established in 1946 devoted to the advancement of nutrition. Its mission and objectives are: To promote advancement in nutrition science, research, and development through international cooperation at the global level. To encourage communication and collaboration among nutrition scientists as well as to disseminate information in nutritional science through modern communication technology. Since its 1946 foundation, the membership has grown to include 85 national adhering bodies and 17 affiliations. == IUNS International Congresses == == Governing Council == The Council consists of five Officers, the President, President-Elect, Vice-President, Secretary-General, Treasurer, Immediate Past-President, and six Council members. IUNS's current council consists of the following: President: Hyun-Sook Kim Korea; Vice President: Francis Zotor Ghana; President Elect: Jacques Delarue France; Secretary General: Edith Feskens Netherlands; Treasurer: Welma Stonehouse Australia; Member: Amos Laar Ghana; Member: Hardinsyah Indonesia; Member: Zhaoping Li United States; Member: Gladys Morales Chile; Member: Ngozi Nnam Nigeria; Member: Philip Calder UK; Immediate Past-President: Lynnette M. Neufeld Canada. == Headquarters == IUNS is registered in London, United Kingdom. == Secretariat == IUNS; The Nutrition Society; Boyd Orr House, 10 Cambridge Court; 210 Shepherds Bush Road; London; UK; W6 7NJ == See


id: world-heart-federation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heart_Federation-0.md
category: reference
title: World Heart Federation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heart_Federation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:37.593422+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: world-heart-federation-20260505-0
summary:
The World Heart Federation (WHF) is a non-governmental organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, formed in 1978. WHF is recognized by the World Health Organization as its leading NGO partner in cardiovascular disease prevention. == History == The World Heart Federation was formed in 1978 by a merger of the International Society of Cardiology and the International Cardiology Federation, under the name of the International Society and Federation of Cardiology. In 1998, this body changed its name to the World Heart Federation. The World Heart Federation represents more than 200 organizations around the world. It works to promote cardiovascular health, and provide information on access to relevant information, care, and treatment. The World Heart Federation is the cardiovascular disease (CVD) organization in official relations with the World Health Organization. == Congresses and events == The World Heart Federation hosts the World Congress of Cardiology. The first World Congress of Cardiology was convened in Paris in September 1950 under the aegis of the International Society of Cardiology, which had itself been founded four years previously. In 2000, World Heart Day was founded to inform people that CVD is the world's leading cause of death. World Heart Day is the world's biggest awareness-raising


id: world-medical-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Medical_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: World Medical Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Medical_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:38.832449+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: world-medical-association-20260505-0
summary:
The World Medical Association (WMA) is an international and independent confederation of free professional medical associations representing physicians worldwide. WMA was formally established on September 17, 1947 and has grown to 115 national medical associations, as of 2025, with 2494 Associate Members, including Junior Doctors and medical students. and more than 10 million physicians. WMA is in official relations with the World Health Organization (WHO) and seeks close collaboration with the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to physical and mental health. == History == The WMA was founded on 17 September 1947, when physicians from 27 countries met at the First General Assembly of the WMA in Paris. This organization was built from an idea born in the House of the British Medical Association in 1945, within a meeting organized in London to initiate plans for an international medical organization to replace l'Association Professionnelle Internationale des Médecins", which had suspended its activities because of World War II. In order to facilitate financial support from its member associations, in 1948, the executive board, known as the Council, established the Secretariat of the WMA in New York City in order to provide close liaison with the United Nations and its various


id: world-psychiatric-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Psychiatric_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: World Psychiatric Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Psychiatric_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:39.988623+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: world-psychiatric-association-20260505-0
summary:
The World Psychiatric Association (WPA) is a nongovernmental organization in official relations with the World Health Organization (WHO). It brings together 135 national psychiatric societies from 177 countries, representing more than 200,000 psychiatrists worldwide, and convenes the World Congress of Psychiatry. == History == === Origin and founding === The World Psychiatric Association traces its origins to the Association for the Organization of World Congresses of Psychiatry, which held its first world congress in Paris in 1950, followed by subsequent congresses in Zurich, Montreal, Madrid, Mexico City, Hawaii, Vienna, Athens, Rio de Janeiro and Hamburg. Jean Delay was the first president of the Association for the Organization of World Congresses of Psychiatry when it was started in 1950. Donald Ewen Cameron became president of the World Psychiatric Association at its formal founding in 1961. === WPA and psychiatric ethics === In February 1983, the Soviet All-Union Society of Neurologists and Psychiatrists resigned from the World Psychiatric Association. This resignation occurred as a preemptive action amid a movement to expel the Soviet body from the global organization due to political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union. The Soviet body was conditionally readmitted into the World Psychiatric Association in 1989, following


id: 500-women-scientists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/500_Women_Scientists-0.md
category: reference
title: 500 Women Scientists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/500_Women_Scientists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:41.545949+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: 500-women-scientists-20260505-0
summary:
500 Women Scientists is a non-profit group dedicated to making science open, inclusive, and accessible. To achieve this mission, they work to increase scientific literacy through public engagement, advocate for science and equity, and provide self-identifying women with the tools and support they need to reach their full potential. The organization began with an open letter in November 2016 and was officially recognized as a 501(c)3 in May 2018. == History == 500 Women Scientists launched with an open letter signed by 500 women scientists after the United States 2016 presidential election. The letter pledged to speak out not only against policies that go against scientific evidence, but also against inequality, sexism, xenophobia, and other forms of discrimination against marginalized communities. Within two months, the pledge received over fifteen thousand signatures from women and allies in 109 countries. In concert with the 2017 Women's March, women scientists and supporters who signed the pledge organized themselves into groups to march together. The local marches became the basis for forming local chapters, or "Pods", where local women scientists meet regularly. Pods function both as a support system and as a vehicle to focus on and organize around issues that resonate in their


id: ada-initiative-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Initiative-0.md
category: reference
title: Ada Initiative
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Initiative
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:42.669087+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ada-initiative-20260505-0
summary:
The Ada Initiative was a non-profit organization that sought to increase women's participation in the free culture movement, open-source technology and open culture. The organization was founded in 2011 by Linux kernel developer and open source advocate Valerie Aurora and open source developer and advocate Mary Gardiner (the founder of AussieChix, the largest organization for women in open source in Australia). It was named after Ada Lovelace, one of the world's first computer programmers, as is the Ada programming language. In August 2015, the Ada Initiative board announced that the organization would shut down in October 2015. According to the announcement, the Initiative's executive leadership decided to step down, and the organization was unable to find acceptable replacement leaders. == History == Valerie Aurora, already an activist for women in open source, joined Mary Gardiner and members of Geek Feminism to develop anti-harassment policies for conferences after Noirin Shirley was sexually assaulted at ApacheCon 2010. Together with Gardiner, she founded the Ada Initiative in February 2011. In 2014, Valerie Aurora announced her intent to step down as executive director of the Ada Initiative, and an executive search committee was formed to find her replacement. Mary Gardiner, deputy executive director, chose


id: african-summit-on-women-and-girls-in-technology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Summit_on_Women_and_Girls_in_Technology-0.md
category: reference
title: African Summit on Women and Girls in Technology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Summit_on_Women_and_Girls_in_Technology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:43.875745+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: african-summit-on-women-and-girls-in-technology-20260505-0
summary:
The African Summit on Women and Girls in Technology is an international summit organized by the World Wide Web Foundation and the Alliance for Affordable Internet in collaboration with other international organizations and ministries. It is a gathering of digital equality advocates who are mostly women and the main focus of discussion is bridging the digital gender gap. == Agenda == The summit focuses on exploring how technology policies could further the rights and interest of women in Africa and how these policies could work to help bridge the digital gender gap. === Topics === Affordable Broadband Women’s rights online Digital education and skills Digital Entrepreneurship == 2016 - First African Summit on Women and Girls in Technology == The First Edition of the African Summit on Women and Girls in Technology was held on the 13 to the 14 of September 2016 in Accra, with about 150 digital equality advocates in attendance. It was a collaboration between Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI), the World Wide Web Foundation, UN Women, the Ghana-India Kofi Annan Center of Excellence in ICT (AITI-KACE), and the African Development Bank. == 2018 - Second African Summit on Women and Girls in Technology == The second


id: african-women-in-mathematics-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Women_in_Mathematics_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: African Women in Mathematics Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Women_in_Mathematics_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:45.081500+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: african-women-in-mathematics-association-20260505-0
summary:
The African Women in Mathematics Association (AWMA) is a professional society whose mission is to promote mathematics to African women and girls, to support women's careers in mathematics, to create equal opportunity and equal treatment in the African mathematical community, and to create a meeting place for mathematical African women. The AWMA was founded in 2013. AWMA has approximately 300 members from over 30 countries and from all regions of Africa. It hosts events to encourage African girls' participation in mathematics. == History == In 1986, the African Mathematical Union founded the commission on women and mathematics (AMUCWMA). At the AMUCWMA's 2012 conference in Ouagadougou, which drew over 70 attendees, a panel on the state on women in mathematics in Africa was held. The panel's primary recommendation was to create an association for African female mathematicians. The AWUCWMA held another conference soon after in July 2013 in Cape Town. One of the primary objectives of the conference was to form an association for African women in mathematics. On July 19, 2013 at the conference, the African Women in Mathematics Association was officially formed. The primary objective was "the promotion of female mathematicians in Africa and the promotion of mathematics among


id: american-association-for-women-in-radiology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_Women_in_Radiology-0.md
category: reference
title: American Association for Women in Radiology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_Women_in_Radiology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:46.221280+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-association-for-women-in-radiology-20260505-0
summary:
The American Association for Women in Radiology (or AAWR) is a professional association founded in 1981 as a resource for "professional socialization" for women in a male-dominated field of radiology. AAWR's role model is Marie Curie. The main goals of the association were to provide a forum for issues unique to women in radiology, radiation oncology and related professions, to sponsor programs that promote opportunities for women, and to facilitate networking among women radiologists. == References ==


id: american-association-of-university-women-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_of_University_Women-0.md
category: reference
title: American Association of University Women
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_of_University_Women
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:47.445152+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-association-of-university-women-20260505-0
summary:
The American Association of University Women (AAUW) is an American non-profit organization that advances equity for women and girls through advocacy, education, and research. The organization has a nationwide network of 170,000 members and supporters, 1,000 local branches, and 800 college and university partners. Its headquarters are in Washington, D.C. AAUW's CEO is Gloria L. Blackwell. == History == === 19th century === In 1881, Emily Fairbanks Talbot, Marion Talbot and Ellen Swallow Richards invited 15 alumnae from 8 colleges to a meeting in Boston, Massachusetts. The purpose of this meeting was to create an organization of women college graduates that would assist women in finding greater opportunities to use their education, as well as promoting and assisting other women's college attendance. The Association of Collegiate Alumnae or ACA (AAUW's predecessor organization) was officially founded on January 14, 1882. The ACA also worked to improve standards of education for women so that men and women's higher education was more equal in scope and difficulty. At the beginning of 1884, the ACA had been meeting only in Boston. However, as more women across the country became interested in its work, the Association saw that expansion into branches was necessary to carry


id: american-association-of-university-women-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_of_University_Women-1.md
category: reference
title: American Association of University Women
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_of_University_Women
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:47.445152+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-association-of-university-women-20260505-0
summary:
== Activities == AAUW is one of the world's largest sources of funding exclusively for women who have graduated from college. In 2025-26, AAUW will award $5.3 million in fellowships, grants, and awards for women and for community action projects. The Foundation also funds pioneering research on women, girls, and education. The organization funds studies germane to the education of women. The AAUW Legal Advocacy Fund (LAF), a program of the Foundation, is the United States' largest legal fund focused solely on sex discrimination against women in higher education. LAF provides funds and a support system for women seeking judicial redress for sex discrimination in higher education. Since 1981, LAF has helped female students, faculty, and administrators challenge sex discrimination, including sexual harassment, pay inequity, denial of tenure and promotion, and inequality in women's athletics programs. AAUW sponsors grassroots and advocacy efforts, research, and Campus Action Projects and other educational programs in conjunction with its ongoing programmatic theme, Education as the Gateway to Women's Economic Security. Along with three other organizations, it founded the CTM Madison Family Theatre in 1965. AAUW joined forces with other women's organizations in August 2011 to launch HERVotes to mobilize women voters in 2012 on


id: american-medical-women-s-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Medical_Women's_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: American Medical Women's Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Medical_Women's_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:48.639615+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-medical-women-s-association-20260505-0
summary:
The American Medical Women's Association (AMWA) is a professional advocacy and educational organization of women physicians and medical students. == History == The Woman's Medical Journal began publication in the 1893. As World War I broke out, medical women, though already 6% of the medical profession, faced severe discrimination, as they were barred from the American Medical Association and from the Army Medical Reserve Corps, effectively barring them from military participation as equals to medical men. In response, the Medical Women’s National Association was founded in 1915 by Bertha Van Hoosen, MD, with the established journal as its official organ. In 1917, the association formed the War Service Committee, later renamed the American Women’s Hospitals Service (AWHS). It was later renamed the American Medical Women's Association. The AMWA works to advance women in medicine and to serve as a voice for women's health. The association used to publish the Journal of the American Medical Women's Association; the Journal of Women's Health is now the official journal of the AMWA. == Honors == The AMWA honors women physicians each year with four awards. The Elizabeth Blackwell Medal, named for Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman awarded an M.D. from an American medical


id: anitab-org-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AnitaB.org-0.md
category: reference
title: AnitaB.org
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AnitaB.org
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:49.818453+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: anitab-org-20260505-0
summary:
AnitaB.org (formerly Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology (ABI), and Institute for Women in Technology) is a global, technical nonprofit organization based in Sacramento, California. Founded by computer scientists Anita Borg and Telle Whitney for technical women, the institute's primary aim is to recruit, retain, and advance women in technology. The institute's most prominent program is the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing Conference, the world's largest gathering of women in computing. From 2002 to 2017, AnitaB.org was led by Telle Whitney, who co-founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing with Anita Borg. AnitaB.org is currently led by Brenda Darden Wilkerson, the former Director of Computer Science and IT Education for Chicago Public Schools (CPS) and founder of the original “Computer Science for All” initiative. == History == AnitaB.org was founded in 1997 by computer scientists Anita Borg and Telle Whitney as the Institute for Women in Technology. The institute was preceded by two of its current programs: Systers and the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing Conference. Systers, the first online community for women in computing, was founded in 1987 by Anita Borg. In 1994, Borg and Whitney organized the first Grace Hopper Celebration


id: anitab-org-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AnitaB.org-1.md
category: reference
title: AnitaB.org
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AnitaB.org
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:49.818453+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: anitab-org-20260505-0
summary:
=== Anita Borg Top Company for Technical Women Workshop === The Anita Borg Top Company for Technical Women Workshop provides coverage of best practices for recruiting, retaining, and advancing technical women. Representatives from different companies learn from each other and share practices. Companies participating in the 2011 workshop included CA Technologies, Cisco, Google, IBM, Intel, Intuit, Microsoft Research, SAP, and Symantec. === TechWomen === TechWomen is a professional mentorship and exchange program funded by the U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. The program brings 38 technical women, aged 25–42, from the Middle East and North Africa to the United States for a five-week mentoring program at technology companies in Silicon Valley. The initiative is administered by the Institute of International Education, in partnership with AnitaB.org. === Online communities === The AnitaB.org runs several email lists and online groups that connect technical women. Systers is the largest email community of technical women in computing in the world and predates AnitaB.org, having been founded in 1987 by Anita Borg. Systers provides a private and gender exclusive space for women in computing to ask personal and technical questions. === Local communities === The AnitaB.org local Communities usually referred to


id: acm-w-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACM-W-0.md
category: reference
title: ACM-W
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACM-W
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:50.946338+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: acm-w-20260505-0
summary:
The Association for Computing Machinery's Council on Women in Computing (ACM-W) supports, celebrates, and advocates internationally for the full engagement of women in all aspects of the computing field, providing a wide range of programs and services to ACM members and working in the larger community to advance the contributions of technical women. ACM-W is an active organization with over 36,000 members. == Celebrations of Women in Computing == ACM-W sponsors annual celebrations focused on women in computing. ACM-W provides up to $3,000 seed funding for each celebration, and also raises and disburses corporate sponsorship. Each celebration organizing committee is responsible for additional fundraising within their conference area. ACM-W supports, celebrates, and advocates internationally for the full engagement of women in all aspects of the computing field, providing a wide range of programs and services to Association for Computing Machinery members and working in the larger community to advance the contributions of technical women. ACM-W Celebrations are regional conferences with global participants from industry, academia, and government. Celebration participation is growing and these events represent some of the largest gatherings of women in technology. The original Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing was recognized by the US White House


id: association-for-women-in-computing-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Women_in_Computing-0.md
category: reference
title: Association for Women in Computing
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Women_in_Computing
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:53.305379+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-for-women-in-computing-20260505-0
summary:
The Association for Women in Computing (AWC) is a professional organization for women in computing. It was founded in 1978 in Washington, D.C., and is a member of the Institute for Certification of Computing Professionals (ICCP). == Purpose == The purpose of AWC is to provide opportunities for professional growth for women in computing through networking, continuing education and mentoring. To accomplish this they promote awareness of issues affecting women in the computing industry, further the professional development and advancement of women in computing, and encourage women to pursue careers in computer science. The AWC is a national, nonprofit, professional organization for women and men with an interest in information technology. It grants the Ada Lovelace Award to individuals who have excelled in either of two areas: outstanding scientific technical achievement and/or extraordinary service to the computing community through accomplishments and contributions on behalf of women in computing. == History == AWC was founded in 1978 as a non-profit organization, originally under the name National Association for Women in Computing. The Puget Sound Chapter was founded in the winter of 1979 by Donnafaye Carroll Finger and Diane Haelsig. These two women read an article about a new association for women


id: association-for-women-in-mathematics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Women_in_Mathematics-0.md
category: reference
title: Association for Women in Mathematics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Women_in_Mathematics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:54.455965+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-for-women-in-mathematics-20260505-0
summary:
The Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM) is a professional society whose mission is to encourage women and girls to study and to have active careers in the mathematical sciences, and to promote equal opportunity for and the equal treatment of women and girls in the mathematical sciences. The AWM was founded in 1971 and incorporated in the state of Massachusetts. AWM has approximately 5200 members, including over 250 institutional members, such as colleges, universities, institutes, and mathematical societies. It offers numerous programs and workshops to mentor women and girls in the mathematical sciences. Much of AWM's work is supported through federal grants. == History == The Association was founded in 1971 as the Association of Women Mathematicians, but the name was changed almost immediately. As reported in "A Brief History of the Association for Women in Mathematics: The Presidents' Perspectives", by Lenore Blum: As Judy Green remembers (and Chandler Davis, early AWM friend, concurs): The formal idea of women getting together and forming a caucus was first made publicly at a MAG [Mathematics Action Group] meeting in 1971 ... in Atlantic City. Joanne Darken, then an instructor at Temple University and now at the Community College of Philadelphia, stood


id: association-for-women-in-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Women_in_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Association for Women in Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Women_in_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:55.637064+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-for-women-in-science-20260505-0
summary:
The Association for Women in Science (AWIS) was founded in 1971 at the annual Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) meeting. The organization aims to combat job discrimination, lower pay, and professional isolation. The main issue areas that the modern Association addresses are fair compensation, work-life integration, attrition, and professional development. == History == AWIS was founded in 1971 at the annual meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), after a series of champagne brunches organized by an informal women's caucus. After establishing an executive director and an office in Washington, DC, chapters were organized across the country for individual members. Its founding co-presidents were Neena Schwartz and Judith Pool. Along with other women in science associations, an early AWIS action involved initiating a class action lawsuit against the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in response to poor representation on NIH grant review committees. The lawsuit was dropped after representatives of the groups, including Schwartz, met with Robert Marsten, then head of the NIH, who solicited recommendations and committed to appointing more women. Early projects include the creation of the AWIS Educational Foundation (now known as the Educational Awards) to receive donations and award


id: association-of-women-surgeons-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Women_Surgeons-0.md
category: reference
title: Association of Women Surgeons
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Women_Surgeons
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:56.782387+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-of-women-surgeons-20260505-0
summary:
The Association of Women Surgeons (AWS) is a non-profit educational and professional organization founded in 1981. Now with more than 4,000 members in more than 50 countries, AWS is one of the largest international organizations dedicated to supporting, enhancing the interaction, and facilitating the exchange of information between women surgeons at various stages in their careers, including students and trainees. The organization's mission statement reads: "To inspire, encourage, and enable women surgeons to achieve their personal and professional goals". == History == The AWS was founded in 1981 when Dr. Patricia Numann posted a sign inviting any woman surgeon to a breakfast at the October meeting of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) in the San Francisco Hilton Hotel. The breakfast has continued for more than 40 years and grew into the Association of Women Surgeons (AWS). The AWS was incorporated in 1986 and continues to support women surgeons and ensure diversity in the house of surgery. == Key collaborations and partnerships == American College of Surgeons – In addition to having a Governor from the AWS to the ACS Board of Governors, the AWS has a liaison to the ACS Advisory Council on General Surgery, the ACS Women in


id: bcswomen-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCSWomen-0.md
category: reference
title: BCSWomen
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCSWomen
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:58.000092+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: bcswomen-20260505-0
summary:
BCSWomen is a Specialist Group of the British Computer Society, The Chartered Institute for IT, that provides networking opportunities for all BCS professional women working in IT around the world, as well as mentoring and encouraging girls and women to enter or return to IT as a career. The current Chair of BCSWomen is Andrea Palmer. == Background == Founded by Sue Black, BCSWomen has the aim of supporting women working in and considering a career in Information Technology. The group was founded in 2001. It has more than a thousand members and an active mailing list. Activities include meetings, networking, and mentoring. They also organise the Lovelace Colloquium. Many BCSWomen also participate in the annual London Hopper Colloquium, which showcases exciting work of women in computing research and enables new PhD researchers to meet with each other as well as with senior women computer scientists. Grace Hopper was a pioneering American computer scientist. BCSWomen organise other events for women in computing both technical and social, such as day trips to computer-related sites such as Bletchley Park. == Lovelace Colloquium == The Lovelace Colloquium for undergraduate and post-graduate women and non-binary individuals in digital and computing, is a two-day conference


id: black-girls-code-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Girls_Code-0.md
category: reference
title: Black Girls Code
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Girls_Code
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:59.190360+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: black-girls-code-20260505-0
summary:
Black Girls Code (BGC) is a nonprofit organization that focuses on engaging African-American girls and other youth of color with computer programming education to nurture their careers in tech. The organization offers computer programming and coding, as well as website, robot, and mobile application-building, with the goal of placing one million girls in tech by 2040. Kimberly Bryant, an electrical engineer who had worked in biotech for over 20 years, founded Black Girls Code in 2011 to rectify the underrepresentation of African-American girls and women in tech careers. In October 2023, Cristina Jones became CEO; she was previously an executive at Salesforce. == Programs == Headquartered in Oakland, California, the organization grew to 2,000 participants by August 2013 within the seven established institutions, operating in seven States across the US, as well as in Johannesburg, South Africa. As of December 2019, BGC had 15 chapters. BGC depends on a volunteer network to design and conduct workshop classes. These IT professionals teach participants skills in web, app, and game development; AI; art and music coding; coding languages (i.e., HTML/CSS, JavaScript, Python); block-based coding; and integrated development environments (i.e., Scratch, p5.js, MIT App Inventor, Repl.it, EarSketch). In 2023, BGC, in partnership with


id: blogher-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlogHer-0.md
category: reference
title: BlogHer
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlogHer
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:00.376526+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: blogher-20260505-0
summary:
BlogHer is an American media company founded by Elisa Camahort Page, Jory des Jardins, and Lisa Stone in 2005. It is an online blogger community and holds a yearly conference for women bloggers. BlogHer is owned by SHE Media which is a division of Penske Media Corporation. == History == BlogHer began as a conference in 2005 in San Jose, California, founded by Elisa Camahort Page, Jory des Jardins, and Lisa Stone. It was originally planned to be a blog, but grew to a 300-person conference on women and blogging once announced. In 2006, BlogHer started a group blog featuring over 60 women blogging on a variety of topics. The second BlogHer conference was held in San Jose and was much larger than the first, with at least 750 attendees. In 2007, the company expanded to include BlogHers Act, a political blogging network by and for women. Dan Gillmor quoted the site's community guideline "We embrace the spirit of civil disagreement" as an ideal. On July 16, 2008, iVillage, a network of online media outlets owned by NBC Universal, announced that it had reached a partnership with the BlogHer network to provide content for sites across the iVillage network. The


id: caucus-for-women-in-statistics-and-data-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucus_for_Women_in_Statistics_and_Data_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Caucus for Women in Statistics and Data Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucus_for_Women_in_Statistics_and_Data_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:02.634551+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: caucus-for-women-in-statistics-and-data-science-20260505-0
summary:
The Caucus for Women in Statistics and Data Science (CWS) is a professional society for women in statistics, data science and related fields. It was founded in 1971, following discussions in 1969 and 1970 at the annual meetings of the American Statistical Association, with Donna Brogan as its first president. The Governing Council is the main governing body of CWS. The Council consists of the President, President-Elect, Past President, Past Past President, Executive Director (ex-officio), Treasurer, Secretary, Membership Chair, Program Committee Chair, Communications Committee Chair, Professional Development Committee Chair, Chair of Liaisons with other organizations and the Chair of Country Representatives. The President-Elect, President, Past President, Secretary, Treasurer and Executive Director constitute the Executive Committee of the Governing Council. CWS governance is described in the Constitution and Bylaws. == Purpose == The purpose of the CWS is to assist in teaching, hiring, and advancing the careers of women in statistics, removing barriers to women in statistics, encourage the application of statistics to women's issues, and improve the representation of women in professional organizations for statisticians. CWS envisions a world where women in the profession of statistics have equal opportunity and access to influence policies and decisions in workplaces, governments, and


id: center-for-women-in-technology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Women_in_Technology-0.md
category: reference
title: Center for Women in Technology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Women_in_Technology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:03.806571+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: center-for-women-in-technology-20260505-0
summary:
The Center for Women In Technology (CWIT) was established at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County in July 1998. The center's original name was the "Center for Women and Information Technology", and it was founded to encourage women both as developers of information technology and as users of IT. The original CWIT site included a large number of resources and links and served as a clearinghouse about women and information technology. This work included focusing on K-12 education as well as supporting university students, and workforce advancement and retention. The center has included engineering majors since 2006, and in 2011 its name was changed to the Center for Women In Technology. == Scholarship programs == The Center for Women in Technology Scholars Program is a merit scholarship opportunity for talented undergraduates majoring in computer science, computer engineering, information systems or a related program. It is open to high school seniors planning to major in one of these areas of study. Scholars in the program receive mentoring from university faculty and IT professionals as well as participate in specially designed activities and events. CWIT and the UMBC Center for Cybersecurity jointly run the UMBC Cyber Scholars Program with the goal of


id: django-girls-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django_Girls-0.md
category: reference
title: Django Girls
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django_Girls
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:05.126526+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: django-girls-20260505-0
summary:
Django Girls is an international non-profit organization started by two Polish women, Ola Sitarska and Ola Sendecka, to inspire women from all backgrounds to get interested in technology and to become programmers, offering a safe and friendly environment. It is known for the free workshops it hosts to help women to learn to program and for its Django tutorial. It is often supported by the Python Software Foundation, and they often hold sessions at the Python Conference. == History == The first Django Girls workshop, which kicked off Django Girls, happened during EuroPython 2014, in Berlin. Ola Sitarska and Ola Sendecka decided to use Django and Python because both are open source code platforms, which may help women developing their own ideas. Since then, the initiative has spread worldwide, reaching countries like Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Ghana, Nigeria, United Kingdom, Peru, United States, Zimbabwe and many others. == Tutorial == The tutorial, which teaches how to create and deploy a blog application using Django, is maintained and updated by the Django Girls community, using Github. As of May 2018, the Django Girls tutorial has been published online in 14 languages besides its original English version. As of May


id: equate-scotland-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equate_Scotland-0.md
category: reference
title: Equate Scotland
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equate_Scotland
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:06.324423+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: equate-scotland-20260505-0
summary:
Equate Scotland is a Scottish government-funded national organisation with the strategic objectives of tackling underrepresentation of women and gender inequality in science, technology, engineering, environment (natural and built) and mathematics (STEM). Founded in 2006 as the Scottish Resource Centre for Women in Science, Engineering and Technology; it rebranded in 2014 to Equate Scotland. The programme is hosted by Edinburgh Napier University with the objective of increasing participation and advancement of women in STEM through training, advocacy, partnerships with employers and higher education institutions, active research and building peer to peer networks. == History == === Origins (2004–2005) === Equate Scotland has its origins in the UK Resource Centre for Women in Science, Engineering and Technology (UKRC), which was launched in 2004 as one of the key recommendations of the UK Government's 2003 Strategy for Women in SET, following the 2002 SET Fair Report. Funded by the newly created Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS), the UKRC was established as the Government’s lead organisation for providing advice, services, and policy consultation on the under-representation of women in science, engineering, and technology. In 2005, the Scottish Resource Centre was established to deliver the UKRC’s mission in Scotland through a partnership between


id: european-platform-of-women-scientists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Platform_of_Women_Scientists-0.md
category: reference
title: European Platform of Women Scientists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Platform_of_Women_Scientists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:07.542866+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-platform-of-women-scientists-20260505-0
summary:
The European Platform of Women Scientists EPWS is an umbrella organisation bringing together networks of women scientists and organisations committed to gender equality in research in all disciplines in Europe 27 and the countries associated to the European Union's Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development. The Platform welcomes researchers working in any discipline and working in science in its widest sense, ranging from natural to social sciences, including, but not restricted to, science, engineering and technology. EPWS currently counts more than 100 member organisations, together working for more than 12.000 women researchers all over Europe active in academia and in industrial research. == Purpose == Legally established as an international non-profit organisation under Belgian law (AISBL) in November 2005 and governed by an international, multidisciplinary Board of Administration of 11 high ranking women scientists, EPWS constitutes a new strategic instrument in European research policy, complementing various initiatives taken at the European level to ensure a better participation of women scientists in research and in the research policy process as well as the inclusion of the gender dimension in research. == Goals == The platform's main goals are to: Network existing networks of women scientists and networks engaged in promoting


id: european-women-in-mathematics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Women_in_Mathematics-0.md
category: reference
title: European Women in Mathematics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Women_in_Mathematics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:08.772659+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-women-in-mathematics-20260505-0
summary:
European Women in Mathematics (EWM) is an international association of women working in the field of mathematics in Europe. The association participates in political and strategic work to promote the role of women in mathematics and offers its members direct support. Its goals include encouraging women to study mathematics and providing visibility to women mathematicians. It is the "first and best known" of several organizations devoted to women in mathematics in Europe. == Mission == European Women in Mathematics aims to encourage women to study mathematics, support women in their careers, provide a meeting place for like-minded people and highlight and make women mathematicians visible. In this way, and by promoting scientific communication and working with groups and organisations with similar goals, they spread their vision of mathematics and science. === Mentorship === EWM has a mentoring programme which can be joined at any time of the year. EWM brings together a younger and a more experienced member to share different experiences and perspectives for motivation and inspiration. === Grants === EWM awards travel grants for female mathematicians every year. The travel grants are awarded to EWM members who are at an early stage of their career or work in


id: femmes-et-math-matiques-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femmes_et_Mathématiques-0.md
category: reference
title: Femmes et Mathématiques
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femmes_et_Mathématiques
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:09.954131+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: femmes-et-math-matiques-20260505-0
summary:
L'association femmes et mathématiques (English: Association of Women and Mathematics) is a voluntary association promoting women in scientific studies, research, and mathematics created in 1987. This organization currently has about 200 members, including university professors of math, math teachers, sociologists, philosophers and historians that are interested in the "woman question" in scientific domains. The Association's primary objectives include encouraging and promoting women in STEM fields, assisting in communication between mathematicians, and promoting equality between genders. It specifically organizes a forum of young women mathematicians, as well as conferences on different topics related to its objectives. They regularly hold a general assembly, either in Paris or outside of the city, based on various themes. The Association also publishes an academic journal. The association has its headquarters at the Maison des Mathématiciens at l'Institut Henri Poincaré in Paris. It participates in different initiatives with other scholarly and professional societies, in particular the Société Mathématique de France (Mathematical Society of France), la Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles (Society of Applied and Industrial Maths), l'Association des Professeurs de Mathématiques de l'enseignement public (Association of Math Professors and Public Teachers) and l'Union des Professeurs de Spéciales, as well as La Commission Française pour l'enseignement


id: geochicas-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geochicas-0.md
category: reference
title: Geochicas
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geochicas
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:11.092516+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: geochicas-20260505-0
summary:
Geochicas is a collective of feminists linked to OpenStreetMap, originally Spanish-speaking, who work for female empowerment and reducing the gender gap in the OpenStreetMap communities and communities associated with the world of free software and open data. Geochicas today has users on at least 3 continents. The thematic areas of Geochicas are: The fight against gender violence against women and girls Women's health care The visibility of feminist mobilizations The understanding of leadership mechanisms and their brakes in the collective dimension. == History == Geochicas was born in 2016, days before the annual OpenStreetMap State of the Map LatAm 2016 conference, in São Paulo, Brazil, with the aim of discussing in a panel that would be proposed as a permanent activity, the causes and implications of the low participation of women in the construction of the map. The conclusions of this panel and forum with the total number of attendees allowed us to build the initial agenda of Geochicas, and link the first members. The idea arose from three participants, Miriam González, Selene Yang and Céline Jacquin, who with this purpose participated in the organization of activities at SOTM in São Paulo. They organized a previous meeting between women attendees


id: girl-develop-it-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_Develop_It-0.md
category: reference
title: Girl Develop It
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_Develop_It
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:12.259346+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: girl-develop-it-20260505-0
summary:
Girl Develop It (GDI) is a nonprofit organization devoted to getting women the materials they need to pursue careers in software development. Founded in 2010 in New York City, GDI provides affordable programs for adult women interested in learning web and software development in a judgment-free environment. GDI's mission is to give women of any income level, nationality, education level, and upbringing an environment in which to learn the skills to build websites and learn code to build programs with hands-on classes. Although at one time active in both the United States and Canada, GDI currently maintains active community chapters exclusively in the United States. In 2018, responding to allegations of racism that had been leveled towards both staff and chapter leaders within the organization, the majority of active chapter leaders, volunteers, and organizers issued a letter to the board demanding a change in leadership and active transparency from the organization. == History == Girl Develop It was started in 2010 by Vanessa Hurst and Sara Chipps in New York City. GDI started with just one class that sold out in one day. In 2017, the organization reported chapters in 53 cities in 33 states and districts in the United


id: girl-geek-dinners-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_Geek_Dinners-0.md
category: reference
title: Girl Geek Dinners
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_Geek_Dinners
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:13.511029+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: girl-geek-dinners-20260505-0
summary:
Girl Geek Dinners is an informal organisation that promotes women in the information technology industry, with 64 established chapters in 23 countries. The organisation was founded in London, United Kingdom, by software engineer Sarah Lamb (née Blow), who felt women were under-represented at information technology events after attending a geek dinner in 2005. Chapters organise local events featuring both female and male speakers with mostly female attendees. Events are different from geek dinners in that men can only attend as invited guests of women, ensuring that women will never be outnumbered by men at events. A typical event is an informal dinner, followed by one or more presentations by featured speakers. == Chapters == Girl Geek Scotland (GGS) Girl Geek X, formerly known as Bay Area Girl Geek Dinners (San Francisco) (BAGGD) Girl Geek Dinners Sydney Reading Girl Geek Dinners (RGGD) Girl Geekdinners Berlin (ggdb) Manchester Girl Geeks (mgg) Girl Geek Dinners Milano (GGD MI) Girl Geek Dinners Nordest (GGDNE - Italy) Bath Girl Geek Dinners (UK) Bristol Girl Geek Dinners (UK) Girl Geek Dinners Oslo (Norway) Girl Geek Dinners Bergen (Norway) Girl Geek Dinners Kristiansand (Norway) Girl Geek Dinners (Boulder/Denver) Boston Girl Geek Dinners Zurich Girl Geek Dinners Girl


id: girl-geek-scotland-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_Geek_Scotland-0.md
category: reference
title: Girl Geek Scotland
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_Geek_Scotland
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:14.687384+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: girl-geek-scotland-20260505-0
summary:
Girl Geek Scotland (GGS) is a Scottish volunteer group that promotes women's engagement in the information technology industry. It was established in 2008 and is part of the Girl Geek Dinners network. GGS held its first Girl Geek Dinner in Dundee in February 2009, with a group being established in Edinburgh shortly after. GGS has received funding from the UKRC, Scottish Informatics and Computer Science Alliance, and WYLLN, among other groups. In late 2009, Girl Geek Scotland won funding from Informatic Ventures in Edinburgh, to develop three intensive residential workshops for 2010 on the subjects of 'Creativity into business', 'Developing a Funding Strategy' and 'Negotiation Strategies and Techniques'. The Workshops are for women in pre-start-up business; start-up businesses and existing businesses in the technology sector in Scotland. In 2010, the Speaker Series was launched in Dundee Contemporary Arts by Silicon Valley entrepreneur Shanna Tellerman, who at the time was the CEO of Wildpockets, a spin-out company from Carnegie Mellon University's Entertainment Technology Center. == References == == External links == www.girlgeekscotland.com Simpson, Morna (24 February 2016). "Why the IT Crowd needs more women". FutureScot. Retrieved 15 July 2024. Girl Geek Scotland aims to draw attention to this issue as a


id: glamsci-organization-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GlamSci_(organization)-0.md
category: reference
title: GlamSci (organization)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GlamSci_(organization)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:32.155383+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: glamsci-organization-20260505-0
summary:
GlamSci is a British non-profit which focuses on helping STEM education and training to be more relatable to the general public. == Activities == GlamSci provides educational support to promote STEM fields for disadvantaged groups and minorities around the UK and internationally. This is done by providing a variety of events and training for schools, colleges and community centres and youth groups, including workshops, motivational talks, mentoring, English and Maths skills training, work placements and CV, UCAS and careers advice. GlamSci also provides general interest events to encourage members of the public to get 'hands-on' with STEM; these events include festivals, STEM clubs, and themed days. == History == === Origin (2013–2016) === GlamSci originally started as a blog for the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) known as 'The Life and Times of a Chemistry Nerd', it documented the experiences of GlamSci Co-founder Amy King through College and University as a young disabled woman in STEM after being "repeatedly told "pure science isn't for girls". Members have attended "educational events for educators and educational leaders, such as WorldTeachIn, and Athena Swan and Bett events". GlamSci founding members worked for three years offering speakers for these types of educational events and


id: graduate-women-in-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduate_Women_in_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Graduate Women in Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduate_Women_in_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:33.367229+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: graduate-women-in-science-20260505-0
summary:
Graduate Women in Science (GWIS), formerly known as Sigma Delta Epsilon (ΣΔΕ), is an international professional organization for women in science. It was established as a scientific women's fraternity in 1921 at Cornell University, United States. It played an important role for women scientists for some fifty years when they were not allowed membership in most mainstream scientific organizations. GWIS is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization with over 1,000 active members and more than 30 active chapters. == History == Sigma Delta Epsilon was established at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York by Adele Lewis Grant on May 24, 1921. It was founded as a fraternity for women pursuing graduate degrees in the sciences. Its stated purpose was "to further interest in science, recognize women involved in science, and unite them through friendship". Initially, Sigma Delta Epsilon had 25 student members and eight honorary members, who were professional women who had achieved recognition in science. Its first officers were Adele Lewis Grant, president; Katherine Van Winkle, vice president; Josephine Overton Sonders, secretary; and Hazel Elizabeth Branch, treasurer. Sigma Delta Epsilon had a fraternity house where its members could live. In 1922, a similar local group for women at the University of


id: list-of-graduate-women-in-science-chapters-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Graduate_Women_in_Science_chapters-0.md
category: reference
title: List of Graduate Women in Science chapters
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Graduate_Women_in_Science_chapters
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:34.611332+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-graduate-women-in-science-chapters-20260505-0
summary:
Graduate Women in Science, formerly known as Sigma Delta Epsilon, is an international organization for women in science. It was established in 1921 at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, United States. In the following list, active chapters are indicated in bold and inactive chapters are in italics. == See also == List of Graduate Women in Science members == Notes == == References ==


id: kappa-epsilon-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_Epsilon-0.md
category: reference
title: Kappa Epsilon
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_Epsilon
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:35.760193+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: kappa-epsilon-20260505-0
summary:
Kappa Epsilon (ΚΕ) is an American professional pharmacy fraternity founded in Iowa in 1921. Today, KE has 43 collegiate chapters and ten alumni chapters. Over 20,000 women and men have been initiated into ΚΕ since its founding. == History == Kappa Epsilon was established on May 13, 1921, in the Hall of Pharmacy and Chemistry at the University of Iowa. Its founders were professor Zada M. Cooper and members of women's pharmacy clubs at the University of Iowa, the University of Minnesota, and the University of Nebraska. The fraternity was founded to unite female pharmacy students in an era when women were a minority in the profession. Its name was taken from the pharmacy club at the University of Minnesota, the oldest of the three clubs. In 1942, the fraternity published an official songbook that included original compositions such as the "Kappa Epsilon Pledging Song." The songbook was revised in the 1960s. To encourage women to become pharmacists, Kappa Epsilon published several books, including Women in Pharmacy in 1950, She Is a Pharmacist in 1958, and Pharmacy-Career for the Modern Girl in 1970. The fraternity was incorporated in January 1960 in Minnesota. Every two years, the fraternity holds a convention


id: laboratoria-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratoria-0.md
category: reference
title: Laboratoria
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratoria
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:36.947920+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: laboratoria-20260505-0
summary:
Laboratoria is an organization founded in 2014 in Lima, Peru, that trains women in technology skills. It operates 6-month, 100% remote bootcamps focused on web development, UX design, and technical and life skills. The program is aimed at women who have faced barriers to starting careers in technology. Following the bootcamp, Laboratoria provides employment support to help graduates secure jobs in the tech sector. The organization has a community of over 3,500 graduates who have been hired by more than 1,100 companies. In 2024 Laboratoria reported an average job placement rate of 79%. == History == Laboratoria was created to revert the disadvantages women face in accessing quality jobs in the growing digital economy. It began with a pilot training program for 15 women and rapidly expanded, with 3,500 graduates. Since its foundation in Lima, Peru, in 2014, Laboratoria has expanded to Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, México, Panamá, Paraguay and Uruguay. Today, due to it being a remote first company, it has been able to reach more countries in Latin America and beyond. Women from different cities and regions have been able to go through the bootcamp, thanks to the absence of geographic boundaries. It also has


id: ladies-of-code-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladies_of_Code-0.md
category: reference
title: Ladies of Code
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladies_of_Code
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:38.114822+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ladies-of-code-20260505-0
summary:
Ladies of Code is an international non-profit organization dedicated to supporting professional women software developers. The organization is best known for its meet-ups, conferences, hack nights, career development workshops, study groups, and speaker series featuring influential information technology industry experts. == History == Ladies Who Code was founded in April 2011 by Angie Maguire with support from Mint Digital. The first US event took place in New York on June 29 followed by the first European event in London on September 7. In 2013, Ladies Who Code hosted their first UK conference bringing together the European membership. In 2018, Ladies of Code will relaunch their UK conference after a three-year hiatus. In 2013, Ladies Who Code launched a series of scholarships focussed on providing free professional training and access to industry events. In 2015, Ladies Who Code became Ladies of Code. In 2018, on International Women's Day, Ladies Who Code launched a monthly interview series. Ladies of Code has active chapters in London, Manchester, Newcastle, Leeds, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool and Paris. == Initiatives == Speaker Series - Monthly talks from thought leaders. Hack Nights - A chance to build, collaborate and learn. Study groups - Free technical study groups. Career


id: linuxchix-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LinuxChix-0.md
category: reference
title: LinuxChix
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LinuxChix
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:39.259753+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: linuxchix-20260505-0
summary:
LinuxChix was a women-oriented Linux community project. It was formed to provide both technical and social support for women Linux users, although men were encouraged to contribute. Members of the community were referred to as "a Linux chick" (singular) and "LinuxChix" or "Linux Chix" (plural) regardless of gender. In 2025 due to decreasing interest the group ceased operations. == History == LinuxChix was founded in 1999 by Deb Richardson, who was a technical writer and web-master at an open source consulting firm. Her reason for founding LinuxChix was to create an alternative to the "locker room mentality" of some other Linux User Groups and forums. There are two core rules: "be polite and be helpful." LinuxChix started as an electronic mailing list called grrltalk. The growth of this mailing list led to the establishment of other mailing lists, beginning with techtalk for technical discussions and issues for discussion of women's political issues. LinuxChix received attention when ZDNet published an article on it, which was subsequently cross-posted on Slashdot. == Leadership and structure == Deb Richardson oversaw the activities of LinuxChix until 2001, when she handed over global coordination and hosting to Melbourne programmer and writer Jenn Vesperman. Jenn Vesperman led


id: medical-women-s-association-of-nigeria-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Women's_Association_of_Nigeria-0.md
category: reference
title: Medical Women's Association of Nigeria
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Women's_Association_of_Nigeria
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:40.421049+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: medical-women-s-association-of-nigeria-20260505-0
summary:
The Medical Women's Association of Nigeria (MWAN) is a Nigerian women's health organization that represents female doctors registered with the Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria (MDCN). The group's mission is to improve women's health in Nigeria through patient advocacy, including offering community health screening programs. MWAN is affiliated with the Nigerian Medical Association and Medical Women's International Association (MWIA), and operates in 34 of the country's 36 states. On 14 September 2019, Dr. Joyce Barber handed over to Dr. Mininim I. Oseji, who became the 22nd National President of the association. == History == MWAN's founder, Dr. S. Oludayisi Oduntan, participated at the 1974 International MWIA Congress in Rio de Janeiro, and returned to Nigeria inspired to create her own national organization for female medical professionals in the Niger Delta. On 4 June 1975, MWAN met for the first time at the University College Hospital in Ibadan. At the 1976 MWIA Congress in Tokyo, MWAN was formally enrolled with the international community. Three female doctors, Dr. Oludayisi Oduntan, Dr. Aderonke Manuwa-Olumide, and Dr. Modupe Onadeko, attended that particular Congress on behalf of what was then only a regional organisation. Dr. Irene Ighodaro served as the first president, and its


id: medical-women-s-international-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Women's_International_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: Medical Women's International Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Women's_International_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:41.556468+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: medical-women-s-international-association-20260505-0
summary:
The Medical Women's International Association is a non-governmental organization founded in 1919 with the purpose of representing female physicians worldwide. Esther Lovejoy was its first president. The Association grew from an international meeting of medical women attending a YWCA meeting in America and a group of medical women in Britain, notably Dr Jane Walker. Dr. Ida Kahn was one of the Chinese representatives at the International Conference of Women Physicians (1919). == Congress of Medical Women == In 1954, the International Association of Medical Women promoted the realization of the first Congress of Medical Women, its president Ada Chree Reid visited Madrid and Barcelona, in this city she was received by the gynecologist Marina Soliva Corominas and a group of Catalan female doctors. == Notable members == === Presidents === Dr Esther Pohl Lovejoy (USA, 1919-1924) Lady Florence Barrett (UK, 1924-1929) Dr Lasthénie Thuillier-Landry (1929-1934) Dr Alma Sundquist (1934-1937) Dr Louisa Martindale (UK, 1937-) Dr Charlotte Ruys (Netherlands, 1947-1950) Dr Ada Chree-Reid (USA, 1950-1954) Dr Jolanda Tosoni-Dalai (Italy, 1954-1958) Dr Marion Hilliard (president-elect, died before being able to take office) Dr Janet Aitken (UK, 1958-1962) Fe del Mundo (Philippines, 1962-1966) Lore Antoine (Austria, 1966-1968) Lorna Lloyd-Green (Australia, 1968-1970) Leone McGregor


id: national-association-of-university-women-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_University_Women-0.md
category: reference
title: National Association of University Women
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_University_Women
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:42.795819+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: national-association-of-university-women-20260505-0
summary:
The National Association of University Women (NAUW), founded in 1910, is a non-profit organization with a mission to "serve women, youth, and the disadvantaged in our communities and in developing countries by addressing educational issues, and strategically partnering with allied organizations." == History == The organization was founded in 1910 in Washington, D.C., with the original name of the College Alumnae Club. The organization's original founders were Mary Church Terrell, Nancy Fairfax Brown, Sara Winifred Brown, and Mary Cromwell. In 1923, the organization was expanded and renamed as the National Association of College Women (NACW). In 1974, the organization updated its charter and was renamed to the National Association of University Women (NAUW). The organization is composed of African American college and university women graduates and is affiliated with the National Council of Negro Women, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, United Negro College Fund, National Coalition for Literacy, and the American Council on Education. == Presidents == Below is a partial list of presidents of the organization since 1910. Mary Church Terrell – 1910–1912 (as the College Alumnae Club) Sara Winifred Brown – 1917–1919 Lucy D. Slowe – 1924–1929 (first president of the organization as NACW) Juanita


id: national-association-of-women-pharmacists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Women_Pharmacists-0.md
category: reference
title: National Association of Women Pharmacists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Women_Pharmacists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:43.999508+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: national-association-of-women-pharmacists-20260505-0
summary:
The National Association of Women Pharmacists was founded in London on 15 June 1905, following discussions between Margaret Elizabeth Buchanan and Isabella Skinner Clarke. Early meetings were held at Clarke's home. Membership was restricted to those who had passed the major or minor examination and 50 women joined immediately. By 1912 Buchanan claimed that practically all women practicing pharmacy were members. Buchanan served as its president at one point. Elsie Hooper (1879–1969) was the first secretary. She and other members joined the Women's Coronation Procession, a 40,000-strong march from Westminster to the Albert Hall, on 17 June 1911 in support of votes for women. In June 1911 the Chemist and Druggist carried photographs of women pharmacists in the march and reported "Miss Elsie Hooper, B.Sc., was in the Science Section, and several other women pharmacists did the two-and-a-half hours’ march." The association is supportive of, and collaborates with, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society, but is an independent organisation. The Annual General Meeting in 2019 decided to wind up the association at the end of 2019 but it will continue as a semi-autonomous network within the Pharmacists' Defence Association. == References == == External links == Official website


id: native-girls-code-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Girls_Code-0.md
category: reference
title: Native Girls Code
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Girls_Code
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:45.136925+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: native-girls-code-20260505-0
summary:
Native Girls Code (NGC) is a Seattle-based program that focuses on providing computer coding skills with grounding in traditional Indigenous knowledge for Native American girls aged 12 to 18 through workshops, coaching, teaching and role modeling. Native Girls Code is organized by the nonprofit organization Na'ah Illahee Fund (Mother Earth in the Chinook language), in partnership with the University of Washington Information School and the Washington NASA Space Consortium, as a way to support and perpetuate traditional knowledge, build leadership of women and encourage greater participation of Native American students in STEM fields. The program was designed to give Native girls from tribes throughout the United States a place to develop a strong foundation in Native culture, Native science, and build the skills needed to use modern computer technologies, resulting in the creation of websites, online games and virtual worlds. For example, NGC has organized workshops that combined traditional storytelling with robotics projects. == Awards and grants == In 2016 NGC was awarded a grant through the City of Seattle's Technology Matching Fund, aimed at increasing digital equity among underrepresented Seattle citizens. Google has been a major funder of the program and Facebook has donated laptops and filming equipment to


id: new-england-hospital-for-women-and-children-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_Hospital_for_Women_and_Children-0.md
category: reference
title: New England Hospital for Women and Children
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_Hospital_for_Women_and_Children
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:46.379539+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: new-england-hospital-for-women-and-children-20260505-0
summary:
The New England Hospital for Women and Children was founded by Marie Zakrzewska on July 1, 1862. The hospital's goal was to provide patients with competent female physicians, educate women in the study of medicine, and train nurses to care for the sick. Until 1951, the hospital remained dedicated to women, it was then renamed to New England Hospital to include male patients. The hospital was renamed again to the Dimock Community Health Center in 1969. At present, that institution provides a range of healthcare services including adult & pediatric primary care, women's healthcare, and HIV/AIDS specialty care. == Establishment == Marie Zakrzewska was born on September 9, 1829, in Berlin. In one of her memoirs she wrote "I prefer to be remembered only as a woman who was willing to work for the elevation of woman." She did just that by starting the hospital. As a child she followed her mother (a midwife) around the school of midwifery where she worked. Once she was 18 she applied to study midwifery, which was the only part of medicine women were allowed to work in, at the Royal Charité Hospital in Berlin. She was rejected, however, she continued to apply at


id: organization-for-women-in-science-for-the-developing-world-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Women_in_Science_for_the_Developing_World-0.md
category: reference
title: Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Women_in_Science_for_the_Developing_World
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:47.578442+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: organization-for-women-in-science-for-the-developing-world-20260505-0
summary:
The Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World (OWSD) is an international organisation that provides research training, career development and networking opportunities for women scientists throughout the developing world at different stages in their career. It was founded in 1987 and was officially launched in 1993. The organisation was formerly known as the Third World Organization for Women in Science (TWOWS). It is a program unit of UNESCO and based at the offices of The World Academy of Sciences in Trieste, Italy. The organisation aims to unite eminent scientists from the developing and developed world with an objective of supporting their efforts in the development process. It also aims at promoting the representation of its members in the sphere of scientific and technological leadership. It does so through different programs like memberships, fellowships, and awards. == Objectives == Scientific research and advancement is important to generate knowledge and products aimed at solving problems faced by society. The generation of such knowledge is especially important in the developing countries which face numerable problems like poverty, food scarcity, disease, climate change, and many more. Scientific innovation is not only important to find solutions to these problems but can also contribute


id: organization-for-women-in-science-for-the-developing-world-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Women_in_Science_for_the_Developing_World-1.md
category: reference
title: Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Women_in_Science_for_the_Developing_World
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:47.578442+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: organization-for-women-in-science-for-the-developing-world-20260505-0
summary:
The OWSD-Elsevier Foundation Awards are an annual prize given to reward and encourage women scientists working and living in developing countries who are in the early stages of their careers. Initially launched in 2010, the Awards are presented to five scientists each year, one from each of the four OWSD regions plus an additional exceptional winner from any region. The eligible scientific disciplines for the Awards rotate between the biological sciences, physical sciences and engineering. Each winner receives US$5,000 and presents her research during a special awards ceremony at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) annual meeting. Awardees must have made a demonstrable impact on the research environment both at a regional and international level. == Membership == OWSD has more than 8,000 members from 137 countries. Over 90% of OWSD members are women living and working in developing countries who have master's or doctorate degrees in scientific subjects. == Leadership == OWSD is governed by an executive board, composed of a president, four regional vice presidents and four regional members. All the members of the executive board are elected by the members of the general assembly who vote out of the shortlist of candidates which were


id: list-of-organizations-for-women-in-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_organizations_for_women_in_science-0.md
category: reference
title: List of organizations for women in science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_organizations_for_women_in_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:48.811187+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-organizations-for-women-in-science-20260505-0
summary:
This is a list of notable organizations for women in science and, more generally; science, technology, engineering, and math. == General STEM-oriented groups == International groups who cover the general topics of science, technology, engineering, and math. 500 Women Scientists American Association of University Women (AAUW) AnitaB.org Association for Women in Science (AWIS) European Platform of Women Scientists Girl Geek Dinners Graduate Women in Science (GWIS; formerly known as Sigma Delta Epsilon) International Network of Women in Engineering and Sciences Kovalevskaia Fund Laboratoria Outreachy Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World Stemettes Systers Women in Technology International WomenTech Network == Subject-specific groups == International groups who focus on specific topics. === Computing and Information Technology === AnitaB.org Association for Computing Machinery Committee on Women Association for Women in Computing BCSWomen, a specialist group of the British Computer Society Black Girls Code BlogHer Center for Women in Technology Committee on Widening Participation in Computing Research (CRA-WP) DC Web Women Django Girls Girl Geek Dinners Girls Who Code Ladies of Code LinuxChix National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT) Native Girls Code Portland Women in Technology (PDX WIT) Pyladies R-Ladies Systers Tech LadyMafia Women in Data Women in Technology


id: outreachy-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outreachy-0.md
category: reference
title: Outreachy
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outreachy
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:49.950481+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: outreachy-20260505-0
summary:
Outreachy (previously the Free and Open Source Software Outreach Program for Women) is a program that organizes three-month paid internships with free and open-source software projects for people who are typically underrepresented in those projects. The program is organized by the Software Freedom Conservancy and was formerly organized by the GNOME Project and the GNOME Foundation. It is open to cisgender and transgender women, people of other gender identities that are minorities in open source (including transgender men and genderqueer people), and people of any gender in the United States who have racial/ethnic identities underrepresented in the US technology industry (Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander). Participants can be of any background and any age older than 18. Internships can focus on programming, design, documentation, marketing, or other kinds of contributions. The program began in 2006 with a round of internships for women working on the GNOME desktop environment (which primarily runs on Linux), and it resumed in 2010 with internships twice a year, adding projects from other organizations starting in 2012. As of 2014, these rounds of internships have had up to 16 participating organizations, including Mozilla and the Wikimedia Foundation. Funding comes


id: outreachy-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outreachy-1.md
category: reference
title: Outreachy
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outreachy
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:49.950481+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: outreachy-20260505-0
summary:
=== GNOME Outreach Program for Women === In 2009, the GNOME community decided to revive the program as part of continuing efforts to encourage more women to contribute to GNOME, renaming it to the GNOME Outreach Program for Women. The GNOME Foundation board appointed Marina Zhurakhinskaya to organize it, including finding mentors for the program. The program's internship options expanded to include non-coding work such as documentation and localization, and it opened up to non-student applicants. To increase chances of success, the new application process included making an improvement to the project, and the internship shifted to encouraging several tasks incrementally incorporated into the main project, instead of one larger project like Google Summer of Code. After restructuring the program and finding interested projects and mentors within GNOME, they selected eight interns in November 2010. Another eight interns, from five continents, began in May 2011. They included Priscilla Mahlangu, a South African woman translating GNOME desktop software into the Zulu language. Twelve interns started in November 2011, with sponsorship from Collabora, Google, Mozilla, Red Hat, and the GNOME Foundation. For the May 2012 round, the Software Freedom Conservancy joined the program with an internship with the Twisted project, mentored by


id: pyladies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PyLadies-0.md
category: reference
title: PyLadies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PyLadies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:51.152763+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: pyladies-20260505-0
summary:
PyLadies is an international mentorship group which focuses on helping more women become active participants in the Python open-source community. It is part of the Python Software Foundation. It was started in Los Angeles in 2011. The mission of the group is to create a diverse Python community through outreach, education, conferences and social gatherings. PyLadies also provides funding for women to attend open source conferences. The aim of PyLadies is increasing the participation of women in computing. PyLadies became a multi-chapter organization with the founding of the Washington, D.C., chapter in August 2011. == History == The organization was created in Los Angeles in April 2011 by seven women: Audrey Roy Greenfeld, Christine Cheung, Esther Nam, Jessica Venticinque (Stanton at the time), Katharine Jarmul, Sandy Strong, and Sophia Viklund. Around 2012, the organization filed for nonprofit status. As of March 2024, PyLadies has 129 chapters. == Organization == PyLadies has conducted outreach events for both beginners and experienced users. PyLadies has conducted hackathons, social nights and workshops for Python enthusiasts. Each chapter is free to run themselves as they wish as long as they are focused on the goal of empowering women and other marginalized genders in tech. Women


id: san-francisco-women-on-the-web-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Women_on_the_Web-0.md
category: reference
title: San Francisco Women on the Web
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Women_on_the_Web
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:52.321635+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: san-francisco-women-on-the-web-20260505-0
summary:
San Francisco Women on the Web (SFWOW) is a nonprofit organization based in San Francisco, California. It works to serve, educate and empower women in technology through professional development, support, and networking opportunities. In 1998, the organization created a nationally recognized awards program called the Top 25 Women on the Web, a program that continued through 2007. == History == San Francisco Women on the Web began as a chapter of Webgrrls. The volunteers of that chapter broke away in 1998 and formed an independent organization and began discussions and paperwork to achieve nonprofit status, which they did in 2000. In 1998, while still a part of Webgrrls, the San Francisco volunteers created an awards program called the Top 25 Women on the Web, which was held up to 2001 and garnered regular press attention, including national coverage. Membership (non-dues) totaled 1807 in 2007. Volunteer-run, it organized workshops, from HTML to Java, events, monthly meetings, study groups, coffee klatches, and "scrappies" a kind of happy hour networking gathering. == In the news == "Women Revel at Web Awards", 21 January 1999, Wired.com "The San Francisco branch of Women on the Web met Wednesday to recognize the Top 25 Women of


id: society-of-woman-geographers-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Woman_Geographers-0.md
category: reference
title: Society of Woman Geographers
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Woman_Geographers
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:53.509514+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: society-of-woman-geographers-20260505-0
summary:
The Society of Woman Geographers was established in 1925 at a time when women were excluded from membership in most professional organizations, such as the Explorers Club, who would not admit women until 1981. It is based in Washington, D.C., and has 500 members. Groups are located in Chicago, Florida, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco. The society was organized by four friends, Gertrude Emerson Sen, Marguerite Harrison, Blair Niles and Gertrude Mathews Shelby, to bring together women interested in geography, world exploration, anthropology and related fields. Membership was restricted to women who had "done distinctive work whereby they have added to the world's store of knowledge concerning the countries on which they have specialized, and have published in magazines or in book form a record of their work." The society's first president was Harriet Chalmers Adams, who held the post from December 1925 until 1933. Marion Stirling Pugh served as its president twice, in 1960–1963 and 1969–1972. Famous members included: historian Mary Ritter Beard, photographer Margaret Bourke-White, novelist Fannie Hurst, writer Marie Ahnighito Peary, mountain climber Annie Smith Peck, anthropologist Margaret Mead, Eleanor Roosevelt, and author Grace Gallatin Seton Thompson. == Gold Medal == The Society's Gold Medal


id: society-of-women-engineers-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Women_Engineers-0.md
category: reference
title: Society of Women Engineers
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Women_Engineers
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:54.736471+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: society-of-women-engineers-20260505-0
summary:
The Society of Women Engineers (SWE) is an international not-for-profit educational and service organization. Founded in 1950 and headquartered in the United States, the Society of Women Engineers is a major advocate for women in engineering and technology. SWE has over 47,000 members in nearly 100 professional sections, 300 collegiate sections, and 60 global affiliate groups throughout the world. == Antecedents == The SWE archives contain a series of letters from the Elsie Eaves Papers (bequeathed to the Society), which document the origins of the Society in the early 20th century. In 1919, a group of women at the University of Colorado helped establish a small community of women with an engineering or science background, called the American Society of Women Engineers and Architects. While this organization was only recognized within the campus community, it set the foundation for the development of the international Society of Women Engineers. This group included Lou Alta Melton, Hilda Counts, and Elsie Eaves. These women wrote letters to engineering schools across the nation asking for information on female engineering students and graduates. They received responses from 139 women throughout 23 universities. They also received many negative responses from schools that did not admit women


id: society-of-women-engineers-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Women_Engineers-1.md
category: reference
title: Society of Women Engineers
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Women_Engineers
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:54.736471+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: society-of-women-engineers-20260505-0
summary:
== History == Though the Society of Women Engineers did not become a formal organization until 1950, its origins date to the late 1940s, when shortages of men due to World War II provided new opportunities for women to pursue employment in engineering. Female student groups at Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia and at Cooper Union and City College of New York in New York City began forming local meetings and networking activities. On April 3, 1949, seventy students attended a conference at Drexel to start organizing. These seventy students traveled from 19 universities. National vice president Maryly Van Leer Peck and her mother Ella Lillian Wall Van Leer a women's right activist became heavily involved early on. They opened one of the first branches at Georgia Tech after her father Blake R Van Leer successfully lobbied to allow women to attend. Blake also encouraged numerous women to join his engineering program while at NC State. The Van Leers would actively support the organization throughout their lives. On the weekend of May 27–28, 1950, about fifty women representing the four original districts of the Society of Women Engineers – New York City, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., and Boston – met


id: society-of-women-engineers-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Women_Engineers-2.md
category: reference
title: Society of Women Engineers
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Women_Engineers
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:54.736471+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: society-of-women-engineers-20260505-0
summary:
== Archives == While developing the Society, the organizers assembled masses of information into archives. A committee for these archives was established in 1953. The Society's archives were established in 1957 by the Archives Committee, who voluntarily collected and maintained the Society's records. The archives are currently located at the Walter P. Reuther Library at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan. Some of the media includes information about a short-lived society involving both architects and engineers from 1920. The archives detail the history and creation of SWE as an organization and the history of women's involvement in engineering. Due to these collections of women's work on scientific projects, the archives show an alternate perspective on events such as the Space Race, which have traditionally been viewed as male-dominated endeavors but depended on the contributions of many women as well. In 1993, SWE designated the Walter P. Reuther Library as the official repository of its historical materials. Located within the Carey C. Shuart Women's Archive and Research Collection, the Houston Area Section of the Society of Women Engineers contains correspondence, business and financial records, photographs, and publications of the organization. == Current work == SWE offers support at all levels, from


id: stemettes-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemettes-0.md
category: reference
title: Stemettes
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemettes
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:57.220255+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: stemettes-20260505-0
summary:
Stemettes is a social enterprise which encourages girls and young women aged 5–25 to pursue careers in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Maths (STEM). Stemettes runs panel events, hackathons, the Student to Stemette mentoring programme supported by Deutsche Bank, Outbox Incubator and an app, OtotheB, an online platform for girls interested in STEM and entrepreneurship. == History == Stemettes was started in 2013 by British mathematics and computing child prodigy Anne-Marie Imafidon. In 2015, Jacquelyn Guderley became co-founder of Stemettes alongside Imafidon. Stemettes has partnered with organisations including Deutsche Bank, Salesforce, Accenture, Bank of America Merrill Lynch, BP and Microsoft. The organisation is regularly called upon by the UK Government and European Commission to consult on matters related to women in STEM. == Outbox Incubator == For six weeks from July–August 2015, Stemettes ran Outbox Incubator in London. This residential business incubator for girls with STEM start-ups became known as the "X-men house for girls". In February 2016, the Outbox Incubator spin-off app, OtotheB, was officially launched. The app is an online platform for girls interested in STEM and entrepreneurship. The app has been well received by some STEM figures such as academic and campaigner Sue Black, who described the app


id: systers-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systers-0.md
category: reference
title: Systers
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systers
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:58.399556+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: systers-20260505-0
summary:
Systers, founded by Anita Borg, is an international electronic mailing list for technical women in computing. The Syster community strives to increase the number of women in computer science and improve work environments for women. The mailing list has operated since 1987, making it the oldest of its kind for women in computer science. It is likely the largest email community of women in computing. == History == Systers was formed by Anita Borg in 1987 after a discussion with women at the Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP) in Austin. At the conference, Borg got the email addresses of 20 of the women attending and created Systers. The administrator of Systers was Borg, who was called by users "her Systers' keeper". It was the first worldwide community for women working in the field of computer science. The group spread by word of mouth, growing to around 2,000 members in the mid 1990s. The group was accused of practicing "reverse discrimination" by others in 1993. Borg defended the group as a way for women who were often cut off from one another in the field to connect with one another. Many women did not have any other women in their


id: teen-turn-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen_Turn-0.md
category: reference
title: Teen Turn
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen_Turn
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:59.698222+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: teen-turn-20260505-0
summary:
Teen Turn is an Irish charity which encourages teenage girls to pursue careers in technology. == History == Teen Turn is an Irish charity which was founded in 2016 by Joanne Dolan and Niambh Scullion with the aim of promoting technology and computer skills to girls in disadvantaged areas. It was first trialed in the summer of 2016 with 20 girls from five schools, and since has expanded to 18 schools and 30 tech companies. == Activities == In particular the group aim to work with girls from communities with low uptake of university or third level education. They partner with technology and digital companies to provide work placements and mentoring. They provide two week work placements. The charity also run after school programs. Participants from this program in Limerick went on to win the BT Young Pioneer Award in 2018. In 2018, Teen Turn partnered with The Digital Hub and Gaisce to take part in the Technovation Challenge. === Awards === 2017 EU Digital Impact Organisation of the Year. == References == == External links == Official Twitter account


id: the-diana-initiative-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Diana_Initiative-0.md
category: reference
title: The Diana Initiative
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Diana_Initiative
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:00.879452+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-diana-initiative-20260505-0
summary:
The Diana Initiative is a computer security conference based in Las Vegas, Nevada aimed at supporting underrepresented minorities including women in cybersecurity/ The first Diana Initiative conference took place in 2017. The Diana Initiative was founded by Cheryl Biswas, Virginie Robbins, Pablo Breuer, Elizabeth Etherington and Michael Smith. Due to COVID-19, the 2022 conference will be held 10–11 August during DEF CON. == References ==


id: ukrc-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UKRC-0.md
category: reference
title: UKRC
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UKRC
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:02.035078+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ukrc-20260505-0
summary:
The UKRC (UK Resource Centre) is a UK organisation for the provision of advice, services and policy consultation regarding the under-representation of women in science, engineering, technology and the built environment (SET). It is funded by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills and was launched in 2004. The central base is located in Bradford in the North of England but there are also centres in South East England, South Yorkshire, Scotland and Wales. The UKRC works to promote gender equality in SET with employers and professional bodies; education institutions; women's organisations and networks; policy institutes; sector skills councils; the government and many others. This includes implementing the Athena SWAN Charter. In 2011 it took over the leadership of the WISE Campaign and became UKRC-WISE. In late 2012 it took on the WISE name. == See also == Women of Outstanding Achievement Photographic Exhibition == Sources == == External links == The WISE official website The Athena SWAN official website


id: victorian-medical-women-s-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Medical_Women's_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Victorian Medical Women's Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Medical_Women's_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:03.647839+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: victorian-medical-women-s-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Victorian Medical Women's Society (VMWS) is the longest-running association of women medical practitioners and medical students. It was established in Melbourne, Australia in 1896 and is one of the oldest active medical organisations in the world. The aim of the society was to set a benchmark in women's health around Victoria, and to advance the professional development of medical women, through education, research, and the improvement of professional opportunities. The state-run society became affiliated with the national body, Australian Federation of Medical Women (since 1927), and thereby the Medical Women's International Association. == History == === The Context === In 1862 the Melbourne University Medical School opened, however women were not admitted. Over the next 20 years each of the university's faculties opened to admitting women, except the medicine faculty. After Constance Stone's admission to the faculty was refused in 1883, she travelled to the USA to commence a medical degree. In January 1987, Lilian Alexander, and Helen Sexton put an advertisement in the paper seeking other women who were interested in enrolling in medicine at the university. Five women responded, Clara Stone, who was Constance Stone's sister, Grace Vale, Margaret Whyte, and Elizabeth and Annie O'Hara. They started


id: victorian-medical-women-s-society-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Medical_Women's_Society-1.md
category: reference
title: Victorian Medical Women's Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Medical_Women's_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:03.647839+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: victorian-medical-women-s-society-20260505-0
summary:
=== Other notable members === Edith Helen Barrett (1872–1939) - General Practitioner, known best for the founding of the Bush Nursing Association of Victoria and her work with The Australian Red Cross and National Council of Women Constance Ellis (1872–1942) - Obstetrician and gynaecologist, and first woman to graduate from the University of Melbourne as a Doctor of Medicine Mary Clementina De Garis (1881–1963) - Obstetrician Vera Scantlebury (1889–1946) - Physician, Surgeon, Anaesthetist, Director of Infant Welfare Vic Gov. Known best for her work in maternal and child welfare Dame Kate Isabel Campbell (1899–1986) - Paediatrician, best known for her research in excessive supplemental oxygen causing blindness in premature neonates Mary Glowrey (1887–1957) - First Catholic religious sister to practice as a doctor (in obstetrics, gynaecology, and ophthalmology), best known for her medical and social work with women in Guntur, India Dame Annie 'Jean' MacNamara (1899–1968) - Paediatrician, best known for her contributions to children's health and welfare, and research on polio Jean Littlejohn (1899–1990) - Ear Nose Throat Surgeon Lorna Lloyd-Green (1910–2002) - Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, first female fellow of the Australian Medical Association, advocate for equal pay Elizabeth Kathleen TurnerAO (1914-1999) was a Paediatrician, who was the medical


id: wise-campaign-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WISE_Campaign-0.md
category: reference
title: WISE Campaign
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WISE_Campaign
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:05.948616+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wise-campaign-20260505-0
summary:
The WISE Campaign (Women into Science and Engineering) is a United Kingdom-based organization that encourages women and girls to value and pursue science, technology, engineering and maths-related courses in school or college and to move on into related careers and progress. Its mission statement aims to facilitate understanding of these disciplines among women and girls and the opportunities which they present at a professional level. It is operated by UKRC trading as WISE (company number 07533934). == Formation == The campaign began on 17 January 1984, headed by The Baroness Platt of Writtle, a qualified mechanical engineer, at which time women made up 7% of graduate engineers and 3% of professional engineers in the UK. It was a collaboration between the Engineering Council and the Equal Opportunities Commission, originally viewed as a one-year campaign "Women into Science and Engineering" WISE'84. == Activities == One of WISE's main objectives is to listen to students and women qualified or working in these sectors, and understand and voice their opinions to academic institutions, policy-makers and employers. It then works creatively with delivery agencies and others, offering models, tools and approaches to support them in challenging traditional approaches, so as to demonstrate equitable involvement.


id: women-in-nuclear-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Nuclear-0.md
category: reference
title: Women in Nuclear
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Nuclear
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:07.093575+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: women-in-nuclear-20260505-0
summary:
Women in Nuclear is a global not-for-profit organization with over 35,000 members from145 countries. The organization was established in 1993 and is governed by an elected board and executive. The organization is sponsored under the auspices of the World Nuclear Association and its objectives are identified as including the dissemination of factual information about nuclear and radiation technology, professional exchange among its members, and promotion of career opportunities in the nuclear industry. Although open to both women and men, members are primarily women working in nuclear technology related industries including academia, uranium mining, nuclear power generation, regulatory agencies, nuclear medicine, related organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency, and government officials. == Chapters == Chapters include: US Women in Nuclear (formed 1999) Women in Nuclear Canada (formed 2004) Women in Nuclear UK (formed 2014) == References == == External links == Official website


id: women-in-technology-and-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Technology_and_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Women in Technology and Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Technology_and_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:08.302673+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: women-in-technology-and-science-20260505-0
summary:
Women in Technology and Science (or WITS) is an Irish organisation representing women working in science and technology. It accepts members from industry and academia, and of all ages, from students to professionals. It was founded in 1990 by Mary Mulvihill. WITS organises a monthly e-mail newsletter WITSWORDS Newsletters. They have undertaken various initiatives, including compiling the WITS Talent Bank, a list of more than 150 women working in science and technology, and the Re-Enter initiative to support women returning to the workforce after a career break. A group from WITS attended a reception hosted by President Michael D. Higgins at Áras an Uachtaráin to recognise Women in Science in January 2016. In November 2020 they celebrated 30 years of activity. WITS is run by an elected executive committee. Chairs of WITS have included Mary Mulvihill, Dr Ena Prosser, Sadhbh McCarthy, Dr Marion Palmer, Mary Carroll and Julie Hogan. Members include Aoibhinn Ní Shúilleabháin, Jane Grimson and Norah Patten. == Gallery == == References == == External links == WITS website


id: women-in-technology-international-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Technology_International-0.md
category: reference
title: Women in Technology International
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Technology_International
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:09.481804+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: women-in-technology-international-20260505-0
summary:
Women in Technology International (WITI) is an organization promoting the achievements of women in technology and extending support, opportunities, and inspiration. It was founded by Carolyn Leighton in 1989 as the International Network of Women in Technology. It was renamed to the WITI Professional Association in 2001 when it acted as a trade association for women in technology. It is known for producing the Women in Technology International Hall of Fame, which inducts women who have made a significant contribution to technology. Started from an email group in 1989, by 2012 the group had grown to 2 million people and became the leading organization for women in technology. The 2014 WITI 25-year conference Powering Up! included speakers such as Gwynne Shotwell, President and Chief Operating Officer at SpaceX. In 2022, Randstad Technologies announced a partnership with WITI to address gender underrepresented groups in the workplace and encourage girls and women to pursue technology education and careers. == History == Carolyn Leighton founded WITI in 1989, originally launched as The International Network of Women in Technology, to advance the careers of women working in all sectors of business and technology, while providing access to - and support from - others in


id: women-who-code-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_Who_Code-0.md
category: reference
title: Women Who Code
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_Who_Code
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:10.697573+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: women-who-code-20260505-0
summary:
Women Who Code (WWCode) was an international non-profit organization that provides services for women pursuing technology careers and a job board for companies seeking coding professionals. The company closed in April 2024. It aimed to provide an avenue into the technology world by evaluating and assisting women in developing technical skills. In 2023, the organization had held more than 16,000 free events & built a membership of over 343,000 people in over 147 countries. The CEO was Julie Elberfeld. == History == Women Who Code was created in 2011. It was founded as a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit and approved by the IRS in November 2013 and is best known for its weekly publication the CODE Review, free technical study groups, hack nights, career development and leadership development, and speaking events featuring influential technology industry experts and investors. Since inception, WWCode has produced thousands of events worldwide and garnered sponsorship from organizations like Google, Zendesk, VMware, KPCB, Capital One, Nike, Yelp, and many others. In the summer of 2016, Women Who Code went through Y Combinator. On April 18, 2024, the organization announced it would be shutting down due to lack of funding. == Key initiatives == Women Who Code's initiatives include:


id: women-s-technology-empowerment-centre-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_Technology_Empowerment_Centre-0.md
category: reference
title: Women's Technology Empowerment Centre
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_Technology_Empowerment_Centre
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:11.894615+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: women-s-technology-empowerment-centre-20260505-0
summary:
The Women's Technology Empowerment Centre (W.TEC) is a non-profit organization that provides technology education for women and girls in Nigeria. W.TEC offers services and programs including mentoring, training, technology camps, awareness campaigns, collaborative projects, and research and publication to empower women. == History == Oreoluwa Lesi noticed a gender gap in the knowledge of Information and communications technology in Nigeria and other African countries. She founded the organization in 2008 in Lagos. Over the years, W.TEC has extended its scope, reaching over 26,000 participants and expanding into Kwara and Anambra states. In 2017, Facebook partnered with W.TEC to improve Internet safety. == Services == W.TEC's work includes technology-training programmes for girls through intensive girls-only camps and technology clubs in W.TEC academy. During the camps and after-school clubs, the girls learn to create and innovate with technology by building and making websites, web applications, video games, films, and other digital content. In the words of Adeola Akinyemiju, the Finance Director, W.TEC "is training girls on electronic and digital circuit technologies, web designs to bridge the gender gap in the engineering space." The organisation advocates against and works to break down gender stereotypes, especially with respect to careers. In 2024 the reach


id: working-group-on-women-in-physics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_Group_on_Women_in_Physics-0.md
category: reference
title: Working Group on Women in Physics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_Group_on_Women_in_Physics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:13.158325+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: working-group-on-women-in-physics-20260505-0
summary:
The Working Group on Women in Physics of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) was formed by resolution of the Atlanta IUPAP General Assembly in 1999. The mandate of the group is: to survey the present situation and report to the council and the liaison committees and to suggest means to improve the situation for women in physics. To carry out this charge the Working Group has, among other things, organized six International Conferences (Paris, France, in 2002, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2005, Seoul, South Korea, in 2008, Stellenbosch, South Africa, in 2011, Waterloo, Canada, in 2014 and Birmingham, UK, in 2017) gathering teams from more than 60 countries that collected data on their local situation of women in physics. It also promoted and collaborated with the elaboration of a global survey of physicists that was carried on by the Statistical Research Center of the American Institute of Physics. The IUPAP Working Group is currently involved in the elaboration of a new survey that will include other natural sciences and mathematics within the framework of the Gender Gap in Science Project funded by the International Council for Science, ICSU. == References == == External links ==


id: worldwit-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldWIT-0.md
category: reference
title: WorldWIT
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldWIT
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:14.310922+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: worldwit-20260505-0
summary:
WorldWIT was a global online discussion community for women in business and technology. The forum operated from 1999 until it was closed in 2007. == History == It was founded in 1999 as ChicWIT, in Chicago. ChicWIT was followed by MassWIT in Boston, NycWIT in New York City, and CapitolWIT in Washington, D.C. In October 2005 there were over 80 WorldWIT chapters in operation and over 40,000 members. Women (and a few men) used the daily WorldWIT newsletter to share business, technical, career, health, financial and life advice with one another. WorldWIT was recognized in October 2004 as the Women's Business Organization of the Year, by the Stevie Awards Organization. In March 2007, WorldWIT and its local city chapters were shut down. This was the announcement: WorldWit founder begins new capter WorldWIT to close on March 23, 2007 – After seven years of connecting women in 25 countries around the globe, we are turning a corner and moving on to new endeavors. ... WorldWIT founder Liz Ryan's demanding speaking and training schedule prevented her from taking the self-funded WorldWIT to the next level. WorldWIT used L-Soft list serv technology and as its website and the basis of its social networking


id: wougnet-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOUGNET-0.md
category: reference
title: WOUGNET
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOUGNET
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:15.558338+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wougnet-20260505-0
summary:
Women of Uganda Network (WOUGNET) also known as Women of Uganda Network Development Limited is Ugandan non-governmental organization that aids women and women's organisations in the use and access of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to share information and address issues their concerns such as gender norms, advocating for their rights and building communities and businesses through education. == History == WOUGNET was founded in May 2000 by women's organisations from Uganda. Its mailing lists are hosted by Kabissa. Mission: To promote the use of information and communication technologies by women and girls for gender equality and sustainable development. Aim: To improve the conditions of life for Ugandan women, by enhancing their capacities and opportunities for exchange, collaboration and information sharing. Vision: An inclusive and just society where women and girls are enabled to use ICTs for sustainable development. Programs: Information Sharing and Networking, Technical Support, and Gender and ICT Policy Advocacy. WOUGNET does research and analysis on internet and ICT policies, promotes equal access to information, intersection of gender and technology, capacity building on online safety and emerging technology trends among other activities to ensure that women are catered for in them. It also implements other programs in agriculture,


id: a-d-xenopol-institute-of-history-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.D._Xenopol_Institute_of_History-0.md
category: reference
title: A.D. Xenopol Institute of History
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.D._Xenopol_Institute_of_History
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:19.344692+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: a-d-xenopol-institute-of-history-20260505-0
summary:
The A.D. Xenopol Institute of History (Romanian: Institutul de Istorie „A.D. Xenopol”) in Iași is an institution of research in the field of history under the auspices of the Romanian Academy. The institute was named in honour of Romanian historian Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol. The institute was founded in 1941 by Professor Ilie Minea as the "A.D. Xenopol Institute for the History of Romanians" within the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, and became an independent entity in 1943, as the "A.D. Xenopol Institute of National History". In 1970 it was renamed the "A.D. Xenopol Institute of History and Archaeology", and placed under the authority of the Academy of Social and Political Sciences of the Socialist Republic of Romania. After the fall of the Communist regime and the disbandment of the Academy of Social and Political Sciences, the Institute passed under the aegis of the Romanian Academy. The archaeology section split off, forming the Iași Institute of Archaeology, and the institute acquired its present name. == See also == Romanian Academy Iași Institute of Archaeology == References == == External links == Official website


id: aag-gold-medal-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAG_Gold_Medal-0.md
category: reference
title: AAG Gold Medal
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAG_Gold_Medal
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:20.543199+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: aag-gold-medal-20260505-0
summary:
The AAG Gold Medal is the highest award given by the international Association of Applied Geochemists (AAG). It recognizes recipients' lifetime achievements, or significant contributions to geochemistry and its applications. The medal is minted with the name of the recipient and the year of the award from two troy ounces of silver bullion. == Recipients == The following have received the gold medal: == See also == List of geology awards == References ==


id: academia-secretorum-naturae-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Secretorum_Naturae-0.md
category: reference
title: Academia Secretorum Naturae
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Secretorum_Naturae
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:21.731509+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: academia-secretorum-naturae-20260505-0
summary:
The first scientific society, the Academia Secretorum Naturae was founded in Naples in 1560 by Giambattista della Porta, a noted polymath. In Italian it was called Accademia dei Segreti, the Academy of the Mysteries of Nature, and the members referred to themselves as the otiosi (men of leisure). The society met at the home of della Porta in the Due Porte section of Naples so-named in reference to two entrances to caverns that apparently served as a meeting place. (The site has recently been the object of urban archaeology.) "Candidates for membership had to present a new fact in natural science as a condition of membership," but otherwise membership was open. Its activities came under the subject of an ecclesiastical investigation and della Porta was ordered by Pope Gregory XIII to close his Academy in 1578 under suspicion of sorcery. == Notes == == Sources == Arianna Borrelli: Giovan Battista Della Porta’s Neapolitan Magic & His Humanistic Meteorology, in: Variantology 5. Neapolitain Affairs. (Cologne: Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König, 2011), ISBN 978-3-86560-887-1. Siegfried Zielinski: Deep Time of the Media. Toward an Archaeology of Hearing and Seeing by Technical Means (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008), ISBN 978-0-262-74032-6.


id: academic-center-for-education-culture-and-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_Center_for_Education,_Culture_and_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_Center_for_Education,_Culture_and_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:22.889485+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: academic-center-for-education-culture-and-research-20260505-0
summary:
The Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR) (Persian: جهاد دانشگاهی) is an Iranian public and non-governmental higher education institution established in 1980. == Mission == ACECR engages in research and development projects in different fields of science and technology and real-world applications. Its activities can be broadly divided into the areas of: research and technology, education, cultural activities, and entrepreneurship. == Funding == Only 20% of ACECR's funding comes from national budget, while the majority of its funding is derived from partnerships and cooperation with the private sector. == Staffing == ACECR has 680 full-time research and academic staff, and 1,600 full-time research assistants. Its activities are supported by 2,100 services and administrative staff. Industry experts and post graduate research students also contribute to projects on a part-time basis. == Achievements == 1999: The first ICSI birth by frozen sperm of a gonadectomized man, Royan Institute 2003: The first human embryonic Stem Cell line establishment in Iran and the region, Royan Institute 2005: Establishment of the first Private Cord Blood Bank in Iran (Royan Stem Cell Technology Co.) 2006: Iran's first cloned sheep, named Royana, Royan Institute 2009: The first cloned goat born in Iran, Royan Institute 2010:


id: acad-mie-des-sciences-morales-et-politiques-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Académie_des_Sciences_Morales_et_Politiques-0.md
category: reference
title: Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Académie_des_Sciences_Morales_et_Politiques
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:24.030124+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: acad-mie-des-sciences-morales-et-politiques-20260505-0
summary:
The Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques (French pronunciation: [akademi de sjɑ̃s mɔʁal e pɔlitik]; "Academy of Moral and Political Sciences") is a French learned society. It is one of the five academies of the Institut de France. == Organisation == The members of the Académie are elected by peers. It is made of 50 members in 6 different sections depending on their specialisations: == History == The Académie was founded in 1795, suppressed in 1803, and reestablished in 1832 through the appeal of Guizot to King Louis Philippe. It is divided into five sections and has for its chief purpose the discussion of mental philosophy, law and jurisprudence, political economy and statistics, general and philosophical history, and politics, administration, and finance. It distributes the Baujour, Faucher, Bonnefous, Halphen, Bordin, and other prizes, publishes Mémoires, and holds its annual meeting each December. == Role and missions == Being under the protection of the president of the Republic, the Academy, a distinctive legal entity with particular status, promotes regular meetings and debates devoted towards fundamental or unanswered topics. In the last years, some of the themes were: State and religion (1994) The role of the State in the beginning of the


id: academy-of-sciences-and-arts-of-the-republika-srpska-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts_of_the_Republika_Srpska-0.md
category: reference
title: Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republika Srpska
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts_of_the_Republika_Srpska
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:25.244975+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: academy-of-sciences-and-arts-of-the-republika-srpska-20260505-0
summary:
The Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republika Srpska (Serbo-Croatian: Академија наука и умјетности Републике Српске, АНУРС / Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Republike Srpske, ANURS) is highest representative institution in the Republika Srpska of science and art founded in 1996. It has four departments – Department of Social Sciences, Department of Literature and Arts, Department of Natural, Mathematical and Technical Sciences and the Department of Medical Sciences. It is based in Banja Luka. == List of presidents == == Members == Some prominent members of the Academy are: == See also == Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosniak Academy of Sciences and Arts Culture of Republika Srpska Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts == References == == External links == The official web site of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republika Srpska International Science Council: Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republika Srpska


id: accademia-nazionale-delle-scienze-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accademia_nazionale_delle_scienze-0.md
category: reference
title: Accademia nazionale delle scienze
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accademia_nazionale_delle_scienze
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:26.471069+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: accademia-nazionale-delle-scienze-20260505-0
summary:
The Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze (lit. 'National Academy of the Sciences'), or more formally L'Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL, and also called the Accademia dei XL (lit. 'Academy of the Forty'), is Italy's national academy of science. Its offices are located within the Villino Rosso, at the corner of via L. Spallanzani and via Siracusa, Villa Torlonia, Rome. The academy promotes progress in mathematics, physics, and natural sciences; organizes meetings; publishes journals; establishes consultative committees for governmental agencies; and awards scientific prizes. The academy contains 40 fellows and a variable number of "fellows in excess" who are age 70 and above, and who have been fellows for at least five years. It also contains 25 foreign members. == History == The academy was founded in 1782 in Verona as the Società Italiana, comprising 40 scientists from various parts of Italy. The idea of forming an academy comprising the leading Italian scientists was put forward in 1766 by the mathematician Antonio Maria Lorgna. By 1781 he had received the support of Alessandro Volta, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Ruggero Giuseppe Boscovich and others. In the following year the academy was created as the Società Italiana, with forty members representing the most important


id: administrative-department-of-science-technology-and-innovation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_Department_of_Science,_Technology_and_Innovation-0.md
category: reference
title: Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_Department_of_Science,_Technology_and_Innovation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:27.595521+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: administrative-department-of-science-technology-and-innovation-20260505-0
summary:
The Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation (Spanish: Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación), also known as Colciencias, was a Colombian government agency that supported fundamental and applied research in Colombia. The department was officially integrated into the newly established Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation. This integration was enacted through Law 2162 of 2021. The key purpose of this merger was to centralize and streamline efforts in these fields under one unified governmental entity. This change aimed to foster a more coordinated and strategic approach to science, technology, and innovation, thereby enhancing the efficiency and impact of governmental policies and initiatives in these crucial areas. == References ==


id: aerial-delivery-research-and-development-establishment-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_Delivery_Research_and_Development_Establishment-0.md
category: reference
title: Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_Delivery_Research_and_Development_Establishment
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:28.786028+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: aerial-delivery-research-and-development-establishment-20260505-0
summary:
The Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment (ADRDE) is a laboratory of the Indian Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). It is located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh in India. Its research scope includes development of systems for dropping heavy loads, brake parachutes, towed targets, aircraft arrester barriers and aerostats. == Projects == Significant projects undertaken by ADRDE during the last two decades include: Armament delivery parachutes Space recovery parachutes Balloon barrage and surveillance systems Airships and related applications. The projects enter the production at Ordnance Factory Kanpur. ADRDE was involved in the design and development of a recovery parachute for the Nishant Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. The organisation developed brake parachutes for LCA Tejas and parachutes for the space capsule of Re-entry experiment SRE-1 by ISRO. Akashdeep, a 2000 cu. m aerostat, was successfully test-flown with actual and dummy payloads. ADRDE developed the Controlled Aerial Delivery System to deliver payloads through ram-air parachutes at designated coordinates via an on-board electronics unit. This accomplishment is considered one of the unit's major achievements. The ADRDE conducted the maiden flight trials of the Stratospheric Airship Platform from Sheopur Trial site, Madhya Pradesh on 3 May 2025. It carried instrumental payloads to an altitude of


id: africa-genome-education-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_Genome_Education_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Africa Genome Education Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_Genome_Education_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:29.965986+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: africa-genome-education-institute-20260505-0
summary:
The Africa Genome Education Institute (AGEI) is a public forum focusing on genetics and biotechnology in the African continent. It has organised major genome related events and conferences in Stellenbosch (2003), Cairo (2004), Nairobi (2005), Somerset West (2006). The AGEI's executive director is Prof Wilmot James. The AGEI received a $50,000 grant (October 1, 2007 - October 31, 2009) from the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation to understand race and skin colour. == References ==


id: agassiz-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agassiz_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: Agassiz Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agassiz_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:31.143106+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: agassiz-association-20260505-0
summary:
The Agassiz Association was a society founded in 1875 for the study of natural science, named for Swiss-American naturalist Louis Agassiz. Its founder and first president was Harlan Hoge Ballard (1853–1934). == History == According to its Constitution, the Agassiz Association's purpose was "to collect, study, and preserve natural objects and facts." Each Chapter of the Association was allowed to choose its own officers and make its own by-laws. By 1880 there were chapters in Massachusetts, New York State, and Pennsylvania. By 1884 the Association had about 7000 members and about 600 Chapters. For some years, St. Nicholas Magazine was the official organ of communication between the Association and its members. The Association was incorporated in 1892. Ballard's successor as president was Edward F. Bigelow. The American Fern Society and the Wilson Ornithological Society originated as Chapters of the Agassiz Association. == Natural theology == One of the last shows of natural theology occurred in the Agassiz Association, which took as one of its two mottos "Per Naturam Ad Deum," or "Through Nature to God." The Association's fostering of careful scientific work by amateurs is noteworthy, but its nonscientific aims and aspirations are no less interesting. Not the least of


id: agence-de-l-innovation-industrielle-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_de_l'innovation_industrielle-0.md
category: reference
title: Agence de l'innovation industrielle
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_de_l'innovation_industrielle
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:32.305541+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: agence-de-l-innovation-industrielle-20260505-0
summary:
The Agence de l'innovation industrielle was a French governmental agency created in 2005 to support technological projects. As of 2006, it was supporting seven projects: BioHub, a chemistry projects to create products with cereals, without using oil HOMES, a project of housing with ultra-low use of energy Nanosmart, a project of substrate Quaero, a search engine TVMSL, a project of creating a standard of hybrid terrestrial and satellite mobile television based on DVB-H NeoVal, a small automated subway system to replace the VAL VHD (Hybrid Diesel Vehicle), which involves PSA Peugeot Citroën. The agency was headed by Jean-Louis Beffa and Robert Havas. In January 2008, the French government decided to merge the agency with the French small and medium enterprises support public agency, OSEO. == References == == External links == Official web site The six projects VHD and Nanosmart Chirac unveils his grand plan to restore French pride


id: ag-ncia-nacional-de-inova-o-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agência_Nacional_de_Inovação-0.md
category: reference
title: Agência Nacional de Inovação
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agência_Nacional_de_Inovação
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:33.536093+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ag-ncia-nacional-de-inova-o-20260505-0
summary:
The Agência Nacional de Inovação (National Innovation Agency) was a Portuguese government agency funded by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education and the Ministry of the Economy and Innovation. The agency tries to promote innovation and technological development and to facilitate cooperation between research and industry. == See also == Science and technology in Portugal == External links == Official website == References ==


id: agency-for-innovation-by-science-and-technology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agency_for_Innovation_by_Science_and_Technology-0.md
category: reference
title: Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agency_for_Innovation_by_Science_and_Technology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:34.727383+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: agency-for-innovation-by-science-and-technology-20260505-0
summary:
The Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology was a Flemish agency between 1991 and 2015. It was an externally autonomized agency of the Flemish Government, in charge of innovation policy in Flanders and located in the Ellipse-Building in Brussels. Paul Zeeuwts was president of the agency until his sudden death in 2009. From 2010 to 2015, the agency was headed by General Administrator Veerle Lories. The Board of Directors was chaired by Professor Dr. Paul Lagasse. The agency ca e under the jurisdiction of the Flemish Minister for Employment, Economy, Innovation and Sport Philippe Muyters. On 1 January 2016, it merged into Flanders Innovation & Entrepreneurship (Agentschap Innoveren & Ondernemen). == Mission == The agency's tasks were specified in a management agreement with the Flemish government, resulted in a yearly business plan, and were committed to: Stimulate innovation through financial support, advice and coordination; Stimulate knowledge development in companies, research institutes, government and other organizations; Encouraging the development of new products, processes, services and concepts with added economic and social value. == Core tasks == Financial support: The Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology distributed about 300 million euros annually in subsidies. The grants went primarily to innovation


category: reference
title: All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Physical-Engineering and Radiotechnical Metrology
tags: science, encyclopedia
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:35.881270+00:00
instance: kb-cron
id:
all-russian-scientific-research-institute-for-physical-engineering-and-radiotechnical-metrology-20260505-0

file:
data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Russian_Scientific_Research_Institute_for_Physical-Engineering_and_Radiotechnical_Metrology-0.md

summary:
All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Physical-Engineering and Radiotechnical Metrology (VNIIFTRI; Russian: Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физико-технических и радиотехнических измерений (ВНИИФТРИ)) was founded in 1955. It is located in the settlement of Mendeleyevo of Solnechnogorsky District, Moscow Oblast, Russia (56.0277°N 37.226°E﻿ / 56.0277; 37.226﻿ (VNIIFTRI)), and also it includes West-Siberian (Novosibirsk – 55.0306°N 82.9095°E﻿ / 55.0306; 82.9095﻿ (West-Siberian VNIIFTRI)), East-Siberian (Irkutsk – 52.222°N 104.3198°E﻿ / 52.222; 104.3198﻿ (East-Siberian VNIIFTRI)), Far-Eastern (Khabarovsk – 48.489°N 135.0834°E﻿ / 48.489; 135.0834﻿ (Far-Eastern VNIIFTRI)) and Kamchatka (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky – 53.0804°N 158.6404°E﻿ / 53.0804; 158.6404﻿ (Kamchatka VNIIFTRI)) branches. The Institute was awarded the status of the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation in 1994, the status was repeatedly confirmed in 1997-2013. VNIIFTRI is the State Scientific Metrology Institute, conducts fundamental and applied research in the field of metrology and ensuring the uniformity of measurements, the creation and improvement of state standards, the development of new measurement methods in the following areas and types of measurements: measurement of time and frequency, long lengths, determination of Earth rotation parameters; coordinate-time and navigation measurements, including those using signals from the GLONASS system; geodesic and gravimetric measurements; measurement of the parameters of electromagnetic oscillations, radio engineering and magnetic quantities; acoustic, hydroacoustic and

source_url:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Russian_Scientific_Research_Institute_for_Physical-Engineering_and_Radiotechnical_Metrology

parent:
all-russian-scientific-research-institute-for-physical-engineering-and-radiotechnical-metrology-20260505-0


id: alliance-to-rescue-civilization-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_to_Rescue_Civilization-0.md
category: reference
title: Alliance to Rescue Civilization
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_to_Rescue_Civilization
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:37.116473+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: alliance-to-rescue-civilization-20260505-0
summary:
The Alliance to Rescue Civilization was an organization devoted to the establishment of an off-Earth "backup" of human civilization. This facility, or group of facilities, would serve to repopulate the Earth after a worldwide disaster or war, preserving as much as possible both the sciences and the arts. The organization had called for such a backup facility to be built on the Moon in lieu of NASA's plan to return there no earlier than 2026. It was founded by the author and journalist William E. Burrows and the biochemist Robert Shapiro. The organization was absorbed into the Lifeboat Foundation in 2007. == References == == External links == The Alliance to Rescue Civilization - An Organizational Framework - Internet Archive ARC website Archived 2018-03-07 at the Wayback Machine An Alliance to Rescue Civilization, Ad Astra, 1999 Morgan, Richard (August 1, 2006). "Life After Earth: Imagining Survival Beyond This Terra Firma". New York Times. Retrieved April 23, 2010.


id: american-association-of-anthropological-genetics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_of_Anthropological_Genetics-0.md
category: reference
title: American Association of Anthropological Genetics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_of_Anthropological_Genetics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:38.305911+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-association-of-anthropological-genetics-20260505-0
summary:
The American Association of Anthropological Genetics (AAAG) is an educational and scientific organization founded in 1994. The association aims to promote the study of anthropological genetics and publishes Human Biology as its official scientific journal. == References == == External links == American Association of Anthropological Genetics


id: american-miscellaneous-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Miscellaneous_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: American Miscellaneous Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Miscellaneous_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:39.482268+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-miscellaneous-society-20260505-0
summary:
The American Miscellaneous Society (AMSOC – 1952 to 1964) was an informal group made up of members of the US scientific community. It was formed by Gordon Lill, of the Office of Naval Research, as an organization designed to collect various Earth science research ideas that were submitted by scientists to the U.S. Navy and did not fit into any particular category. Membership in AMSOC was open to everyone and so there was no official membership list. Prospective members could join whenever two or more members were together. The most famous project to come out of AMSOC was the Project Mohole, whose goal was to drill into the Earth's mantle. Hollis Hedberg of Gulf Oil Corporation chaired the AMSOC Mohole subcommittee from 1962 to 1963. The society dissolved itself in 1964. == References == == Further reading == Why the Mohole: Adventures in Inner Space, 1964, William J. Cromie, 230 pp. == External links == History of the Mohole Project and the AMSOC by the National Academy of Sciences The Albatross Award of the American Miscellaneous Society by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives


id: american-quaternary-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Quaternary_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: American Quaternary Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Quaternary_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:40.660537+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-quaternary-association-20260505-0
summary:
The American Quaternary Association (AMQUA) is a professional organization of North American scientists devoted to studies of the quaternary geological period. They were founded in 1970 and their stated goals are to "foster cooperation and communication among the remarkably broad array of disciplines involved in studying the Quaternary Period". These disciplines include: anthropology, archaeology, botany, climatology, ecology, geochemistry, geochronology, geography, geology, geomorphology, geophysics, hydrology, limnology, meteorology, neotectonics, oceanography, paleontology, palynology, soil science, and zoology. They host biennial conventions on a variety of themes, with themes chosen to appeal to a broad range of represented disciplines. Their most recent conference had the theme "Ocean/Atmosphere Interactions and Continental Consequences: Environmental Forecasting from the Quaternary Sciences" and was held in Bozeman, Montana. In addition to their conference, they also publish a newsletter The Quaternary Times, semiannually and present a Distinguished Career Award annually. == See also == International Union for Quaternary Research == References == == External links == www.amqua.org - official web site


id: american-society-of-primatologists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_of_Primatologists-0.md
category: reference
title: American Society of Primatologists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_of_Primatologists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:41.842879+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-society-of-primatologists-20260505-0
summary:
The American Society of Primatologists (ASP) is both an educational and scientific society which aims to promote both the discovery and exchange of information on non-human primates. The society is open to anybody who actively, or is more passively interested in primatology, or anyone who is interested in supporting this. The Society publishes a scientific journal, The American Journal of Primatology. == References == == External links == American Society of Primatologists homepage


id: amsterdam-science-park-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_Science_Park-0.md
category: reference
title: Amsterdam Science Park
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_Science_Park
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:43.051266+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: amsterdam-science-park-20260505-0
summary:
Amsterdam Science Park is a science park in the Oost borough of Amsterdam, Netherlands with focus on physics, mathematics, information technology and the life sciences. The 70 hectare (175 acre) park provides accommodations for science, business and housing. Resident groups include institutes of the natural science faculties of the University of Amsterdam, several research institutes, and related companies. Three of the colocations of the Amsterdam Internet Exchange are at the institutes SURFsara, NIKHEF, and Equinix-AM3 at the science park. The park is also home to Amsterdam University College, the liberal arts branch of the UVA. In 2009, the Amsterdam Science Park railway station was opened by then-mayor Job Cohen. == Science and business == FOM Institute AMOLF (Physics of Biomolecular systems and Nanophotonics) Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL) National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI) Faculty of Science (FNWI) of the University of Amsterdam offering education programmes in biology, chemistry, computer science, earth science, physics, mathematics etc. and comprising eight research institutes, including: Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) Institute for Logic, Language and Computation (ILLC) Institute of Physics (IoP) Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics (KdVI) Netherlands eScience Center (NLeSC) National


id: animal-study-registry-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Study_Registry-0.md
category: reference
title: Animal Study Registry
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Study_Registry
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:44.264663+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: animal-study-registry-20260505-0
summary:
Animal Study Registry is an online registry for the preregistration of research studies involving animals. Animal Study Registry was launched in January 2019 and can be used by scientists worldwide. == History == The reproducibility of animal test results in biomedical research has been questioned repeatedly in the past. Discussions about this replication crisis have already reached the public. In clinical research, the call for transparency led to the introduction of clinical trial registries that disclose the experimental design of clinical trials before the study is conducted. In order to increase the transparency and the quality in the field of preclinical and basic research, the establishment of so-called centralized animal study registries was suggested. The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), as a scientifically independent research institution, has decided to provide an international freely accessible platform for the pre-registration of studies involving animal experiments. == Goal == The causes for the replication crisis in biomedical research are being intensively discussed within the scientific community. The publication bias was identified as one main reason for the lack of reproducibility of research results. This means, only significant and novel results are published while null results are never revealed, which leads to


id: area-science-park-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AREA_Science_Park-0.md
category: reference
title: AREA Science Park
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AREA_Science_Park
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:45.424631+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: area-science-park-20260505-0
summary:
The Trieste AREA Science Park is composed of two neighbouring campus developments located near the exit from the motorway linking Trieste to Austria and Slovenia. Operational since 1982, the AREA Science Park was founded with the initial aim of providing a link between the business community and the many high-level international scientific institutions in Trieste. == References == == External links == AREA Science Park Official Site


id: artificial-intelligence-applications-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_Applications_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_Applications_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:46.602010+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: artificial-intelligence-applications-institute-20260505-0
summary:
The Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute (AIAI) at the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh is a non-profit technology transfer organisation that promoted research in the field of artificial intelligence. == History == The Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute (AIAI) was founded in 1983 at the University of Edinburgh as a specialist research and technology-transfer unit focusing on the practical uses of artificial intelligence (AI). The institute was established by Professor Jim Howe and colleagues from the Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC) Special Interest Group in AI in the Department of Artificial Intelligence, with a mission to apply AI techniques to solve real-world industrial and governmental problems. Under the directorship of Austin Tate, who served from 1985 to 2019, AIAI became one of the leading UK research centres devoted to AI programming systems, intelligent planning systems, decision support, and knowledge-based engineering. It collaborated with both academic partners and international organisations such as the European Space Agency and the UK Ministry of Defence. In 2001, AIAI joined the newly created Centre for Intelligent Systems and their Applications (CISA) within the University's School of Informatics. In December 2019, the institute was renamed the Artificial Intelligence and its Applications Institute to reflect


id: asia-pacific-network-of-science-and-technology-centres-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Network_of_Science_and_Technology_Centres-0.md
category: reference
title: Asia Pacific Network of Science and Technology Centres
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Network_of_Science_and_Technology_Centres
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:47.849486+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: asia-pacific-network-of-science-and-technology-centres-20260505-0
summary:
The Asia Pacific Network of Science & Technology Centres (ASPAC), is a not-for-profit association initiated in 1997. It was formed to facilitate communication and cooperation among Science Centres and Museums and other organisations that use interactive approaches for learning and public understanding of science and technology in the Asia-Pacific region. The network hosts annual conferences where members exchange the latest updates on science exhibitions, educational advancements, and upcoming events. ASPAC has over 50 members from 20 countries (2022). Members include different forms of organisations, like science centres, science museums, children’s museums, exhibit design and fabrication firms. == See also == List of science centers == References == == External links == ASPAC website


id: association-des-amis-de-l-art-rupestre-saharien-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_des_Amis_de_l'Art_Rupestre_Saharien-0.md
category: reference
title: Association des Amis de l'Art Rupestre Saharien
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_des_Amis_de_l'Art_Rupestre_Saharien
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:49.011053+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-des-amis-de-l-art-rupestre-saharien-20260505-0
summary:
Association des Amis de l'Art Rupestre Saharien (Association of the Friends of Saharan Rock Art) is a French scientific organisation focusing on the rock art of the Sahara. It was established in 1991. The chairman is Jean-Loïc Le Quellec, an academic at the French National Centre for Scientific Research. The organisation publishes two journals: La Lettre de l'AARS (semi-annual) ISSN 1633-3691 Cahiers de l'AARS (annual) ISSN 1627-2773 The AARS is a member of the International Federation of Rock Art Organizations. == References == == External links == Official website 02.05.2008 L'art rupestre saharien à La Chaux-de-Fonds, RTN (Switzerland)


id: association-for-laboratory-automation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Laboratory_Automation-0.md
category: reference
title: Association for Laboratory Automation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Laboratory_Automation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:50.229924+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-for-laboratory-automation-20260505-0
summary:
The Association for Laboratory Automation (ALA) was a scientific association, organized as a nonprofit 501(c)(3), for the medical, chemical and biological laboratory automation industry. It was the publisher of the peer-reviewed scientific journal, Journal of Laboratory Automation. In 2010, it merged with the Society for Biomolecular Sciences to form the Society for Laboratory Automation and Screening. The ALA's mission was to advance science and education related to laboratory automation by encouraging the study, advancing the science, and improving the practice of medical and laboratory automation. Its focus is on the benefits and utilization of automation, robotics, and artificial intelligence in order to improve the quality, efficiency, and relevance of laboratory analysis. == External links == Association for Lab Automation web site Journal of Laboratory Automation web site LabAutopedia


id: association-for-the-sociology-of-religion-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_the_Sociology_of_Religion-0.md
category: reference
title: Association for the Sociology of Religion
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_the_Sociology_of_Religion
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:51.424809+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-for-the-sociology-of-religion-20260505-0
summary:
The Association for the Sociology of Religion (ASR) is an academic association with more than 700 members worldwide. It publishes a journal, Sociology of Religion, and holds meetings at the same venues and times as the American Sociological Association. == History == The ASR was founded by Catholic sociologists in Chicago in 1938 as the American Catholic Sociological Society. The organization adopted its present name in 1970, reflecting changes in the Vatican's policy that led to greater openness towards other faiths. It has long since become a base for sociological research on religion without regard to belief, creed, or religious orientation. == Activities == The association publishes a journal, Sociology of Religion, as well as a quarterly newsletter. It is the co-publisher of an annual series entitled Religion and the Social Order. The association provides research grants. The ASR, which has over 700 members worldwide, continues its historical practice of holding its meetings at the same venues and times as the American Sociological Association, allowing mutual cross-fertilization between the two associations. Past presidents of the ASR include David G. Bromley, James T. Richardson, Eileen Barker Benton Johnson, and Christopher G. Ellison. == Presidents == == See also == American Academy


id: association-for-women-geoscientists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Women_Geoscientists-0.md
category: reference
title: Association for Women Geoscientists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Women_Geoscientists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:52.614762+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-for-women-geoscientists-20260505-0
summary:
The Association for Women Geoscientists (AWG) is an international professional organization which promotes the professional development of its members, provides geoscience outreach to girls, and encourages the participation of girls and women in the geosciences. Membership is open to all who support AWG's goals. Members include professional women and men from industry, government, museums and academia, students from a cross-section of colleges and universities, retirees, and others interested in supporting the society's goals. == History == AWG was founded in San Francisco in 1977. The original purpose of the society was to provide encouragement to women in the geosciences, a career choice in which they were largely underrepresented at the time. As of 2006, the purpose remains the same, although some advances have been made, as AWG membership approaches 1200 students and scientists, reflecting the increasing participation of women in the geosciences. AWG is a 501(c)(6) mutual benefit corporation with local chapters in many cities and at-large members throughout the U.S. and around the world. AWG is a member society of the American Geological Institute and the Geological Society of America. == Notable members == Claudia Alexander Gail Ashley Denise Cox Francisca Oboh Ikuenobe Sharon Mosher Sarah K. Noble Sian


id: association-of-engineering-technicians-and-technologists-of-newfoundland-and-labrador-20260505-0
category: reference
title: Association of Engineering Technicians and Technologists of Newfoundland and Labrador
tags: science, encyclopedia
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:53.777095+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-of-engineering-technicians-and-technologists-of-newfoundland-and-labrador-20260505-0
file:
data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Engineering_Technicians_and_Technologists_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador-0.md

summary:
The Association of Engineering Technicians and Technologists of Newfoundland and Labrador (AETTNL) is Newfoundland and Labrador's independent certifying body for engineering/applied science technicians and technologists. AETTNL confers the post-nominal designations of C .Tech. (certified technician), P. Tech (professional technologist), and A.Sc.T. (applied science technologist) which are symbols of achievement in engineering/applied science technology and are legally protected for use only by fully certified members in good standing. The designations are recognized across Canada by many employers and other engineering professionals through the efforts of provincial associations of engineering technology. Until 2010, AETTNL was a member of the Canadian Council of Technicians and Technologists (CCTT). Through CCTT being a signatory, The association recognizes international transferability through the Sydney Accord, the Dublin Accord and the Engineering Technology Mobility Forum, which confers the ability to award the designation IntET(Canada) for Technologists who wish to work internationally. In 2010, a number of different provincial associations of engineering technology left CCTT. Unlike the other associations, AETTNL has not joined Technology Professionals Canada. The professional technologist designation in Newfoundland is not the same as the professional technologist designation in Alberta and British Columbia. The P. Tech designation in Newfoundland is equivalent to a certified engineering technologist

source_url:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Engineering_Technicians_and_Technologists_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador


id: association-of-european-science-and-technology-transfer-professionals-20260505-0
category: reference
title: Association of European Science and Technology Transfer Professionals
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_European_Science_and_Technology_Transfer_Professionals
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:54.963186+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-of-european-science-and-technology-transfer-professionals-20260505-0
file:
data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_European_Science_and_Technology_Transfer_Professionals-0.md

summary:
The Association of European Science and Technology Transfer Professionals (ASTP: A World of Knowledge Transfer, formerly known as ASTP-Proton) is the European members association for knowledge and technology transfer professionals. Located in Leiden in the Netherlands, ASTP is the premier, pan-European association for professionals involved in knowledge transfer among universities and industry. By promoting and professionalising knowledge transfer practice, the association aims to enhance the impact of public research on society and the economy. == Members == Central to the European knowledge transfer ecosystem, ASTP over 900 members from 45+ countries (May 2019). == History == Created in 1999, through the initiative of a multinational group of technology transfer professionals, ASTP is a non-profit organisation based in Leiden, Netherlands. == Activities == Through training courses and annual conferences, the group aims to professionalise and promote technology and knowledge transfer among universities, public research organisations, and industry. == External links == ASTP website ASTP website


id: association-of-los-alamos-scientists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Los_Alamos_Scientists-0.md
category: reference
title: Association of Los Alamos Scientists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Los_Alamos_Scientists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:56.196451+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-of-los-alamos-scientists-20260505-0
summary:
The Association of Los Alamos Scientists (ALAS) was founded on August 30, 1945, by a group of scientists, who had worked on the development of the atomic bomb at the Los Alamos Laboratory, a division of the Manhattan Project. == Purpose == The purpose of the organization was "to promote the attainment and use of scientific and technological advances in the best interests of humanity", according to the manifesto, available in the archives of the University of Chicago. The scientists believed that they, "by virtue of their special knowledge, have, in certain spheres, special political and social responsibilities beyond their obligations as individual citizens". The association sought to carry out these responsibilities by keeping its members informed, "and by providing a forum through which their views can be publicly and authoritatively expressed". The ALAS concentrated its activities principally in promoting international control of nuclear power and directing it to peaceful uses. Its members also attempted to promote responsible uses of science, and the freedom and integrity of scientists and scientific research. The group sponsored public education on the nature and control of atomic energy through lectures, films, and exhibits, and the distribution of literature. It also attempted to influence public


id: atlantic-geoscience-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Geoscience_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Atlantic Geoscience Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Geoscience_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:57.867258+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: atlantic-geoscience-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Atlantic Geoscience Society (AGS; French: Société Géoscientifique de l'Atlantique), is a scientific association for earth scientists working or interested in the Atlantic provinces. The membership comprises professional geologists in industry and academia, students, and interested members of the public. The society is affiliated with the Geological Association of Canada, the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, and the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, and is a member of the Canadian Federation of Earth Sciences. The society publishes the geological journal Atlantic Geology. == Recent presidents == The presidents since 2010: 2010–2011: Grant Ferguson, Saint Francis Xavier University 2011–2012: Jim Walker, Department of Natural Resources (New Brunswick) 2012–2013: Elisabeth Kosters, Wolfville, Nova Scotia 2013–2014: Grant Wach, Dalhousie University 2014–2015: Cliff Stanley, Acadia University 2015–2016: President: John Calder, Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources 2016–2017: Bob Grantham, Stewiacke 2017–2018: Robin Adair, Zorayda Consulting Ltd. 2018–2019: Lynn Dafoe, Geological Survey of Canada - Atlantic 2019–2020: Martha Grantham, Stewiacke 2020–2021: Dave Lentz, University of New Brunswick 2021–2022: Anne Marie Ryan, Dalhousie University == Medals and awards == The Atlantic Geoscience Society recognizes geological contributions with two individual awards: Gesner Medal Laing Ferguson Distinguished Service Award Achievements at its annual colloquium are recognized with other


id: austrian-institute-of-technology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Institute_of_Technology-0.md
category: reference
title: Austrian Institute of Technology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Institute_of_Technology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:59.093158+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: austrian-institute-of-technology-20260505-0
summary:
AIT Austrian Institute of Technology is Austria's largest Research and Technology Organization (RTO), employing about 1,400 people mostly based at the main facilities Vienna Giefinggasse, Seibersdorf, Wiener Neustadt, Ranshofen, and Graz. In June 2009 the name was changed from Austrian Research Centers (ARC) to AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH. It is owned by the Republic of Austria (through the Ministry of Climate Action and Energy with 50.46% and by the Federation of Austrian Industries with 49.54%). The managing directors are Andreas Kugi, Brigitte Bach, and Alexander Svejkovsky. == Organization == Centers The company is structured in seven Centers: Energy Health & Bioresources Digital Safety & Security Vision, Automation & Control Low-Emission Transport Technology Experience Innovation Systems & Policy Subsidiaries AIT has the following wholly owned subsidiaries: Seibersdorf Labor GmbH Nuclear Engineering Seibersdorf GmbH Leichtmetallkompetenzzentrum Ranshofen GmbH - LKR == See also == ASTRA (reactor) == External links == https://www.ait.ac.at/


id: austrian-research-institute-for-artificial-intelligence-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Research_Institute_for_Artificial_Intelligence-0.md
category: reference
title: Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Research_Institute_for_Artificial_Intelligence
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:00.246711+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: austrian-research-institute-for-artificial-intelligence-20260505-0
summary:
The Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence (German: Österreichisches Forschungsinstitut für Artificial Intelligence - OFAI) is an Austrian non-profit contract research institute. OFAI is a research institute of the Austrian Society for Cybernetic Studies (Österreichische Studiengesellschaft fuer Kybernetik - OSGK), a registered scientific society founded in 1969. == History == The Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence was founded in 1984 with support from the Austrian Federal Ministry for Science and Research. Since its inception, OFAI has been headed by its director, Prof. Robert Trappl. == Research == Currently, 28 specialists, mainly computer scientists and linguists, all graduates from universities, work as employees at OFAI, plus 9 scientists, mainly professors at universities, on a contractual base. OFAI basic and applied research is performed in several areas of Artificial Intelligence, most notably: Language Technology Interaction Technologies Neural Computation and Robotics Intelligent Music Processing and Machine Learning Intelligent Software Agents and New Media AI and Society. == References == == External links == Official Website AI Tools Database


id: austrian-science-fund-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Science_Fund-0.md
category: reference
title: Austrian Science Fund
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Science_Fund
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:01.466759+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: austrian-science-fund-20260505-0
summary:
The Austrian Science Fund (German: Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, FWF) is the most important Austrian funding organization for basic research. The FWF supports research in science, engineering, and the humanities through a large variety of grant programmes, prizes and by funding infrastructure. The self-governed organization is based in Vienna and financed by the Austrian federal government. In September 2023 president Christof Gattringer voiced funding concerns: a three-year budget consensus previously reached with the Ministry of Education is lacking confirmation by the Ministry of Finance despite continuing high inflation in Austria. == Organisation == The Austrian Science Fund was established in 1967 and had a budget of 91 million euros in 2001. Most projects are individual research grants for up to three years. In addition, it also supports national research clusters, doctoral schools, scholarships for young researchers and awards like the START- and Wittgenstein-Preis. Pascale Ehrenfreund was elected president of the FWF on 6 June 2013. In recent years, the Austrian Science Fund provides growing support for the publication of articles and monographs in the open access format. == Membership == The Austrian Science Fund is a member of the European Science Foundation. == See also == Open access


id: balthazar-science-center-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balthazar_Science_Center-0.md
category: reference
title: Balthazar Science Center
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balthazar_Science_Center
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:02.651834+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: balthazar-science-center-20260505-0
summary:
Balthazar Science Center is a Swedish science center located in Västergötland, Skövde. It contains four Halley's Comet 3D models, as part of the Sweden Solar System. The Chairman of the Board is Ulrica Linnéa Margareta Johansson. == References == == External links == Balthazar Portal


id: baseline-surface-radiation-network-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseline_Surface_Radiation_Network-0.md
category: reference
title: Baseline Surface Radiation Network
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseline_Surface_Radiation_Network
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:03.856703+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: baseline-surface-radiation-network-20260505-0
summary:
Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) is a project of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) and as such is aimed detecting important changes in the Earth's radiation field at the Earth's surface which may be related to climate changes. The central archive of the BSRN is the World Radiation Monitoring Center (WRMC) which was initiated by Atsumu Ohmura in 1992 and operated at ETH until 2007. Since 2008 the WRMC is operated by the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Germany. == Objectives == To monitor the background (least influenced by immediate human activities which are regionally concentrated) shortwave and longwave radiative components and their changes with the best methods currently available. To provide data for the calibration of satellite-based estimates of the surface radiative fluxes. To produce high quality observational data to be used for validating the theoretical computations of radiative fluxes by models. == See also == Global dimming == External links == Baseline Surface Radiation Network BSRN information


id: bashkir-scientific-research-center-for-beekeeping-and-apitherapy-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkir_Scientific_Research_Center_for_Beekeeping_and_Apitherapy-0.md
category: reference
title: Bashkir Scientific Research Center for Beekeeping and Apitherapy
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkir_Scientific_Research_Center_for_Beekeeping_and_Apitherapy
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:04.998935+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: bashkir-scientific-research-center-for-beekeeping-and-apitherapy-20260505-0
summary:
Bashkir Scientific Research Center for Beekeeping and Apitherapy (Russian: Башкирский научно-исследовательский центр (БНИЦ) по пчеловодству и апитерапии) is a Bashkirian State premier research institute based in Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, specialized in beekeeping and apitherapy. The institute was established by Amir Ishemgulov in 1998. 200 species of medical and preventive, nutrition products and cosmetics supply is produced in the Center, and exported to other countries. The Center is a large producer of high quality and ecologically safe Bashkirian honey. The Center is the only and the primary holder of license "Bashkir honey". Since 2005 the Center has exported honey to the USA and Western Europe. The Center also exports honey to Asia. == References == == External links == Official website (in Russian) “BASHSPIRT” and Bashkir scientific-research institute for bee-keeping and apitherapy will present Bashkiria at “Green Week” in Berlin (19 January 2012)


id: bekhterev-psychoneurological-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekhterev_Psychoneurological_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Bekhterev Psychoneurological Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekhterev_Psychoneurological_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:06.164367+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: bekhterev-psychoneurological-institute-20260505-0
summary:
The St. Petersburg Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute (Russian: Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский психоневрологический институт им. В. М. Бехтерева, НИИ им. В. М. Бехтерева) is a postgraduate education center and the oldest Russian scientific institution aimed at performing studies in the fields of neurology, psychiatry, psychology, and contiguous disciplines. The institute was established by Vladimir Bekhterev in 1907 with official support from Emperor Nicholas II and Russian Prime Minister P. A. Stolypin. Having founded the institute, V. M. Bekhterev became its first director. The official publication of the institute is The Bekhterev Review of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology (Russian: Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии им. В. М. Бехтерева). == History of creation == The Psychoneurological Institute was founded in 1907 by the domestic scientist Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev as a research and higher education institution. Bekhterev became the first head of this type of scientific and educational institution. The Psychoneurological Institute has a general availability of educational courses for people of different genders and religions, as well as the program announced by V. M. Bekhterev. According to the charter, the goal of the institute was to develop and disseminate knowledge in the fields of psychology and neuroscience, as well as related sciences. Courses in


id: belgian-academy-council-of-applied-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Academy_Council_of_Applied_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: Belgian Academy Council of Applied Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Academy_Council_of_Applied_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:07.372356+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: belgian-academy-council-of-applied-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The Royal Belgian Academy Council of Applied Sciences (BACAS) is a Belgian council, which consists of the Flemish Academy Committee for Science and Technology (CAWET) and Walloon Comité de l'Académie pour les Applications de la Science (CAPAS) committees of the Flemish and French Academies of Science in Belgium. BACAS has ten members from the academy and ten from industry. The council studies the impact of technological development on society and provides advice for the Belgian government and leaders of industry. As of 2008 those two committees have become both two full classes of both academies, meaning that the members will become full members, nominated by the King of Belgium, of the academy. For the French-speaking Academy, CAPAS became the Class of Technology and Society, while CAWET became the Class of Technical Sciences. == See also == Academia Belgica Academia Europaea European Council of Applied Sciences and Engineering (Euro-CASE) Flemish Council for Science Policy Francqui Foundation National Fund for Scientific Research Science and technology in Belgium Science and technology in Flanders Science and technology in the Brussels-Capital Region Science and technology in Wallonia == External links == CAPAS Archived 2006-11-09 at the Wayback Machine (French) KTW (Flemish)


id: berlin-institute-for-advanced-study-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Institute_for_Advanced_Study-0.md
category: reference
title: Berlin Institute for Advanced Study
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Institute_for_Advanced_Study
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:08.559626+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: berlin-institute-for-advanced-study-20260505-0
summary:
The Institute for Advanced Study in Berlin (German: Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin) is an interdisciplinary institute founded in 1981 in Grunewald, Berlin, Germany, dedicated to research projects in the natural and social sciences. It is modeled after the original IAS in Princeton, New Jersey and is a member of Some Institutes for Advanced Study. The purpose of the institute is to offer scholars and scientists the opportunity to concentrate on projects of their own choosing for one academic year, free from administrative duties. The institute embraces a balance of both distinguished senior scholars and promising younger researchers, drawn from a wide range of cultural backgrounds. The institute has been headed by historian Barbara Stollberg-Rilinger as rector since September 2018. == Principles of the institute == Fellows at the Wissenschaftskolleg are chosen with no restrictions on country of origin, discipline, or academic position. With the help of an international advisory board, invitations to scholars and scientists, are designed to promote exchange across disciplinary boundaries and among researchers from different cultures. At the heart of the Wissenschaftskolleg is the idea that researchers must be free to choose their own distinctive research projects. The fellows' only obligations are to reside at the Wissenschaftskolleg, and


id: bioinformatics-institute-singapore-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics_Institute_(Singapore)-0.md
category: reference
title: Bioinformatics Institute (Singapore)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics_Institute_(Singapore)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:10.060975+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: bioinformatics-institute-singapore-20260505-0
summary:
The Bioinformatics Institute (Abbreviation: BII) is one of the Biomedical Sciences Institutes of the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR). BII was originally founded in 2001 by Dr Rajagopal as a support unit for Bioinformatics and IT service management. However, since August 2007, it has been redefined as a biological research organisation upon the arrival of the current executive director, Dr Frank Eisenhaber. BII focuses on "computationally biology-driven life science research aimed at the discovery of biomolecular mechanisms." BII also develops computer based research tools and performs experimental verifications in its own experimental facilities or by collaborating with appropriate groups. BII is home to the journal Scientific Phone Apps and Mobile Devices with SpringerNature. There are currently four research divisions in BII: Biomolecular Sequence to Function Biomolecular Modelling and Design Imaging Informatics Translational Research Under Dr. Sebastian Maurer-Stroh, the team at BII quality-checked genomic sequences uploaded by various countries to the GISAID database that stores and shares COVID-19 virus data. == External links == Official website == References ==


id: biomedicum-helsinki-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedicum_Helsinki-0.md
category: reference
title: Biomedicum Helsinki
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedicum_Helsinki
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:11.261847+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: biomedicum-helsinki-20260505-0
summary:
The Biomedicum Helsinki is a research and teaching center located in the Meilahti district of Helsinki, Finland. It contains two buildings (Biomedicum Helsinki 1 and 2), and features research and teaching facilities of the University of Helsinki's Faculty of Medicine, the Helsinki University Central Hospital, the EMBL Nordic partner Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, the Folkhälsan Research Center, the Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, the Wihuri Research Institute, and several companies in the life science field. Building 1 was completed in 2001 and Building 2 in 2008. A bridge named in honor of Konrad ReijoWaara (1853-1936), a prominent figure in the Medical Association Duodecim and the first editor-in-chief of the magazine of the same name, connects the buildings. The use of the buildings are coordinated by the Biomedicum Helsinki Foundation, which also funds research activities in the field of medicine. == References == == External links == Official website


id: bioscience-resource-project-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioscience_Resource_Project-0.md
category: reference
title: Bioscience Resource Project
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioscience_Resource_Project
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:12.440283+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: bioscience-resource-project-20260505-0
summary:
The Bioscience Resource Project is an advocacy organization focused on agriculture-related biosciences since 2006. In 2011, they started the Independent Science News website. == See also == === Other organizations === Center for Food Safety Center for Science in the Public Interest Pesticide Action Network Physicians for Social Responsibility Union of Concerned Scientists == References ==


id: bjerknes-centre-for-climate-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjerknes_Centre_for_Climate_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjerknes_Centre_for_Climate_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:13.557750+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: bjerknes-centre-for-climate-research-20260505-0
summary:
The Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research is a climate research centre in Bergen, Norway. The centres key areas of research is natural variability in the Earth system and man-made climate change. The centre combines observations with theoretical and modelling studies of past, present and future climates. Both Global and Polar regions are studied. The centre was started in 2000 and is a co-operation between University of Bergen, Institute of Marine Research, the Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center and NORCE (formerly Uni Research). The centre was part of Research Council of Norway's Centre of Excellence program from 2003 to 2013 and then had Eystein Jansen as the director. Tore Furevik was the director until 2021, and since then Kikki Kleiven has been leading the Bjerknes Center. Researchers from the Bjerknes Centre have taken part in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment reports; Eystein Jansen as one of the lead authors in the fourth report. Asgeir Sorteberg in the Special Report on managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaption (SREX). Eystein Jansen, Peter Thorne and Christoph Heinze have been respectively lead authors and review editor in the IPCC Working Group 1, for the IPCC


id: british-association-for-international-and-comparative-education-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Association_for_International_and_Comparative_Education-0.md
category: reference
title: British Association for International and Comparative Education
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Association_for_International_and_Comparative_Education
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:14.816360+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: british-association-for-international-and-comparative-education-20260505-0
summary:
The British Association for International and Comparative Education (BAICE) is a learned society in the United Kingdom dedicated to promoting teaching, research, policy and development in all aspects of international and comparative education. It is a member of the Academy of Social Sciences. The association runs an academic journal, Compare. The current Chair of BAICE is Dr Tejendra Pherali from the Institute of Education, UCL. The current Vice chair is Dr Alison Buckler from The Open University. The current Secretary is Dr Jennifer Jomafuvwe Agbaire from the Centre for International Education (CIE) at the University of Sussex. The current President of BAICE is Professor Paul Morris from the Institute of Education, UCL. == External links == Official website Records of the British Association for International and Comparative Education (formerly the British Comparative and International Education Society) at University College London == References ==


id: british-association-for-slavonic-east-european-studies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Association_for_Slavonic_&_East_European_Studies-0.md
category: reference
title: British Association for Slavonic & East European Studies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Association_for_Slavonic_&_East_European_Studies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:16.027362+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: british-association-for-slavonic-east-european-studies-20260505-0
summary:
The British Association for Slavonic and East European Studies (BASEES) is a learned society in the United Kingdom dedicated to promoting the study of Russia, Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. It is a member of the Academy of Social Sciences. It was formed in 1988 or 1989 through a merger of the British Universities Association of Slavists (BUAS; created 1956) and the National Association for Soviet and East European Studies (NASEES; created 1967, funded by the Ford Foundation and Shell), two founding members of the International Council for Central and East European Studies. Its first president until 1991 was the economist and foreign policy adviser Michael Kaser, who had also initially chaired the NASEES from 1967 to 1973. Until 1992, it was called the British Association for Soviet, Slavonic and East European Studies (BASSEES). == References == == External links == Official website


id: british-liquid-crystal-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Liquid_Crystal_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: British Liquid Crystal Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Liquid_Crystal_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:17.220691+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: british-liquid-crystal-society-20260505-0
summary:
The British Liquid Crystal Society (BLCS) is a charitable trust established to promote education and research on liquid crystals in the United Kingdom. It promotes dissemination of knowledge, education and research into and the study of all facets of the formation, evolution, and science of liquid crystals; their physical, chemical and other properties and functions in all products made therefrom. The Society also holds conferences to discuss the findings of such research. == References == == External links == British Liquid Crystal Society website "The British Liquid Crystal Society, registered charity no. 328163". Charity Commission for England and Wales.


id: british-rhinological-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rhinological_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: British Rhinological Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rhinological_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:18.390283+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: british-rhinological-society-20260505-0
summary:
The British Rhinological Society is a learned society that encourages education and research in topics related to rhinology, the nose, sinuses and facial plastics. From 2019 to 2022 Claire Hopkins served as the society's president. The society has approximately 300 members. == References == == External links == Official website


id: european-society-of-cardiovascular-surgery-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Society_of_CardioVascular_Surgery-0.md
category: reference
title: European Society of CardioVascular Surgery
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Society_of_CardioVascular_Surgery
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:19.596347+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-society-of-cardiovascular-surgery-20260505-0
summary:
The European Society of CardioVascular Surgery (ESCVS) is a medical society founded in 1951 in Turin, Italy. Its first president was René Leriche, first Congress held in Strasbourg in 1952 and its initial members were made up of 40 physicians representing 11 countries in Europe. It is a chapter of the International Society of Angiology, which later became the International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery. == References == == Further reading == Ostermeyer, Bircks W.; Schulte, Jörg (1980). Cardiovascular Surgery 1980: Proceedings of the 29th International Congress of the European Society of Cardiovascular Surgery. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-642-68174-5.


id: british-society-for-population-studies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Society_for_Population_Studies-0.md
category: reference
title: British Society for Population Studies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Society_for_Population_Studies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:20.798267+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: british-society-for-population-studies-20260505-0
summary:
The British Society for Population Studies is a learned society in the United Kingdom dedicated to promoting the scientific study of biological, economic, historical, medical, social and other disciplines connected with human populations. It is a member of the Academy of Social Sciences. It was founded in 1973. It runs an annual conference at a University venue in the UK, and gives various awards and grants for the furtherance of demographic study. == External links == Official website == References ==


id: british-society-of-gerontology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Society_of_Gerontology-0.md
category: reference
title: British Society of Gerontology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Society_of_Gerontology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:22.068661+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: british-society-of-gerontology-20260505-0
summary:
The British Society of Gerontology is a learned society in the United Kingdom dedicated to enhancing knowledge about ageing and later life. It is a member of the Academy of Social Sciences. == External links == Official website == References ==


id: buseck-center-for-meteorite-studies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buseck_Center_for_Meteorite_Studies-0.md
category: reference
title: Buseck Center for Meteorite Studies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buseck_Center_for_Meteorite_Studies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:23.260608+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: buseck-center-for-meteorite-studies-20260505-0
summary:
The Buseck Center for Meteorite Studies was founded in 1960, on the Tempe Campus of Arizona State University, and houses the world's largest university-based meteorite collection. The collection contains specimens from over 1,600 separate meteorite falls and finds, and is actively used internationally for planetary, geological and space science research. The Center also operates a meteorite museum which is open to the public. In 2021, the Center for Meteorite Studies was named in honor of Professor Peter R. Buseck. == See also == Nininger Meteorite Award Harvey H. Nininger Carleton B. Moore == References == == Sources and external links == Center for Meteorite Studies official website ASU Museums: Center for Meteorite Studies Map: 33°25′16″N 111°55′55″W


id: california-earthquake-prediction-evaluation-council-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Earthquake_Prediction_Evaluation_Council-0.md
category: reference
title: California Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Earthquake_Prediction_Evaluation_Council
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:24.443496+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: california-earthquake-prediction-evaluation-council-20260505-0
summary:
The California Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council (CEPEC) is a committee of earthquake experts that reviews potentially credible earthquake predictions and forecasts. Its purpose is to advise the Governor of California via the California Office of Emergency Services (CalOES). As the state geologist of the California Geological Survey, Jeremy Lancaster is currently chair of CEPEC. While it is little-known outside of the fields of earthquake science and emergency response, CEPEC has a big responsibility: The council convenes at the request of the California Emergency Management Agency (CalEMA) to decide whether an earthquake prediction or an incident, such as swarm of small earthquakes, is serious enough to merit a warning to emergency responders or even the public at large. CEPEC typically meets a couple of times a year, but is available 24–7. The members conduct a teleconference within several hours of a major temblor. From 1986 through 2016, CEPEC convened a total of 17 times to evaluate recent or ongoing seismic activity. For example, following the 2016 earthquake swarm at Bombay Beach, CEPEC released a statement to CalOES estimating that the probability of a magnitude 7 or larger earthquake on the San Andreas fault for the following week was between 0.03% and


id: can-in-automation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_in_Automation-0.md
category: reference
title: CAN in Automation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_in_Automation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:25.615570+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: can-in-automation-20260505-0
summary:
CAN in Automation (CiA)391 is the international users' and manufacturers' organization that develops and supports CAN-based higher-layer protocols. About 650 (2018) companies from all over the world have joined the non-profit organization. CAN specifications are developed within CiA interest groups (IG) in cooperation with employees of the member companies. The following IGs have been established: IG CANopen, IG CANopen FD, IG profiles, IG layer 1/2, IG safety/security, IG J1939. The interest groups manage their related special interest groups (SIG). These special interest groups (SIG) develop for example dedicated CiA specifications and recommendations (e.g. device and applications profiles for CANopen and CANopen FD). CiA representatives support many international standardization activities (ISO, IEC, CEN, Cenelec, and SAE), dealing with CAN. Moreover, CiA publishes the technical magazine CAN Newsletter (downloadable PDF-file) as well as the CAN Newsletter Online. == External links == Website of CiA CAN Newsletter Online


id: canadian-academy-of-health-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Academy_of_Health_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: Canadian Academy of Health Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Academy_of_Health_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:26.785848+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: canadian-academy-of-health-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The Canadian Academy of Health Sciences (CAHS) is one of three national academies that comprise the Council of Canadian Academies (CCA), the highest honour granted to scholars in Canada. The two other CCA academies are the Royal Society of Canada and the Canadian Academy of Engineering. The CAHS has two functions: a) To conduct assessments on urgent health matters that affect Canadians; b) to recognize individuals of outstanding achievement in the health sciences through elections to fellowship. CAHS fellows are entitled to use the post-nominal letters FCAHS (Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences). == References ==


id: canadian-institute-of-gemmology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Institute_of_Gemmology-0.md
category: reference
title: Canadian Institute of Gemmology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Institute_of_Gemmology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:28.058973+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: canadian-institute-of-gemmology-20260505-0
summary:
The Canadian Institute of Gemmology (CIG) is a non-profit, post-secondary gemmological educational institution in Canada. The C.I.G. is dedicated to research and advancement in education in the field of gemmology. Their mandate is to provide gemmology-related training to the jewelry industry and the general public. The institute is based in British Columbia, Canada, and provides classes, correspondence courses, and a variety of gemmological instruments. == References == == External links == Canadian Institute of Gemmology website.


id: canadian-society-for-the-history-of-medicine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Society_for_the_History_of_Medicine-0.md
category: reference
title: Canadian Society for the History of Medicine
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Society_for_the_History_of_Medicine
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:29.270070+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: canadian-society-for-the-history-of-medicine-20260505-0
summary:
The Canadian Society for the History of Medicine was established in 1950 at the Université Laval at the invitation of historian L'abbé Arthur Maheux. Its first president was Sylvio LeBlond. Its journal is the Canadian Bulletin of Medical History. == References == == External links == Official website


id: cea-cesta-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEA_Cesta-0.md
category: reference
title: CEA Cesta
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEA_Cesta
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:45.080325+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cea-cesta-20260505-0
summary:
CEA-Cesta or simply Cesta (French: Centre d'études scientifiques et techniques d'Aquitaine; English: Center for scientific and technical study of Aquitaine) is a research facility that is part of the Direction des applications militaires (DAM) of the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), dedicated to the design of nuclear weapons. The center was established in 1965 on the commune of Le Barp between Bordeaux and Arcachon. The center hosts the Megajoule laser (LMJ), which should enable French nuclear scientists to validate models of nuclear explosion without having to conduct nuclear testing. The LMJ is the French equivalent of the National Ignition Facility. == External links == Page of the center on the CEA's Direction of Military Applications website Official site of the Mega-joule laser


id: center-for-advanced-biotechnology-and-medicine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Advanced_Biotechnology_and_Medicine-0.md
category: reference
title: Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Advanced_Biotechnology_and_Medicine
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:46.313312+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: center-for-advanced-biotechnology-and-medicine-20260505-0
summary:
The Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine (CABM) is located on Busch Campus in Piscataway, New Jersey. It was established in 1985 to advance knowledge in the life sciences for the improvement of human health. It is administered by Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. The building was completed in 1990, and has 100,000 square feet (10,000 m2) of lab and office space. It now is part of Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences campus that was created following the merger of UMDNJ. == Affiliated staff == Aaron D. Milstein, PhD, Director of CABM Bioinformatics Program Anat Kreimer, PhD, Computational Functional Genomics Lab Mani Subramanian, Scientific Computing Specialist === Molecular Biology and Biochemistry faculty === Steven J. Brill, PhD Samuel Bunting, PhD == References == == External links == Official website


id: center-for-computational-relativity-and-gravitation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Computational_Relativity_and_Gravitation-0.md
category: reference
title: Center for Computational Relativity and Gravitation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Computational_Relativity_and_Gravitation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:47.459066+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: center-for-computational-relativity-and-gravitation-20260505-0
summary:
The Center for Computational Relativity and Gravitation (CCRG) is a research center of the College of Science (COS) and a Research Center of Excellence at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) dedicated to research at the frontiers of numerical relativity and relativistic astrophysics, gravitational-wave physics, its connection to experiments and observations, and high-performance computation and scientific visualization. Faculty members currently include Hans-Peter Bischof, Joshua Faber, Manuela Campanelli (Director), Carlos Lousto, David Merritt, John Whelan, Yosef Zlochower and Richard O'Shaughnessy. Computing facilities in the CCRG include gravitySimulator, a 32-node computer that uses special-purpose GRAPE hardware to achieve speeds of 4Tflops in gravitational N-body calculations; and NewHorizons, a 104-node Linux cluster with dual-processor (dual-core) per node and a total of 1.4 Tbytes of on-board memory. The mission of the CCRG is "to promote excellence in research and education, and to advance discovery beyond the frontiers of current knowledge in key research areas of computational astrophysics, gravitational physics, high-performance computing and scientific visualization." == References == == External links == Official website


id: center-for-embedded-network-sensing-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Embedded_Network_Sensing-0.md
category: reference
title: Center for Embedded Network Sensing
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Embedded_Network_Sensing
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:48.639755+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: center-for-embedded-network-sensing-20260505-0
summary:
The Center for Embedded Networked Sensing (CENS) was a research enterprise funded by the National Science Foundation based at the University of California, Los Angeles. CENS was established at UCLA in 2002. The group conducted research primarily in the computer science subfield of embedded sensor networks. While the core research was grounded in computer science, the applications studied spanned a large range of fields including military applications, ecology, seismology, security monitoring, and farming applications to name just a few. While it was headquartered at UCLA, the following universities and organizations also participated in CENS-led research: University of California, Merced University of California, Riverside University of Southern California The USC Information Sciences Institute California State University, Los Angeles The James Reserve NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory Caltech == References ==


id: center-for-short-lived-phenomena-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Short-Lived_Phenomena-0.md
category: reference
title: Center for Short-Lived Phenomena
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Short-Lived_Phenomena
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:49.813822+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: center-for-short-lived-phenomena-20260505-0
summary:
The Center for Short-Lived Phenomena (CSLP) was an office at the Smithsonian Institution from 1968 to 1975 designed to assist Smithsonian scientists in studying unusual short-lived natural phenomena such as meteorite impacts, volcanic events, earthquakes, and unusual ecological events such as plagues, extinctions, fish rains, and the effects of oil spill events. CSLP published a series of scientific reports on unusual phenomena, as well as a 1972 paperback collection of unusual phenomena entitled Strange, Sudden, and Unexpected: True stories from the files of the Smithsonian Institution's Center for Short-lived Phenomena (ISBN 0-590-09380-0), which covered topics including: The 1970 Ancash earthquake and mudslide on Huascarán that consumed the town of Yungay, Peru. Floating islands A short-lived volcanic island in Tonga A report on the extinction of the Kouprey, later found to be incorrect. The 1970 flood of Bangladesh. CSLP restructured in 1975, with some activities moved to other portions of the Smithsonian to become the Scientific Event Alert Network, and eventually the Global Volcanism Program. Some of its activities and data were subsequently maintained and operated as an independent non-profit entity under the Center for Short-Lived Phenomena name. CSLP was hired by Cahners Publishing Co. (since acquired by Reed-Elsevier) in 1977


id: center-for-turbulence-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Turbulence_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: Center for Turbulence Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Turbulence_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:51.004248+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: center-for-turbulence-research-20260505-0
summary:
The Center for Turbulence Research is a research consortium for studying turbulence. It is jointly operated by Stanford University and NASA, with Parviz Moin as its founding director. Established in 1987, the Center for Turbulence Research is devoted to fundamental studies of turbulent flows. The main elements of the Center are a research fellows program, a biennial summer program, seminars and conferences. CTR is known for fundamental studies in turbulent flows along with large scale numerical investigations. == References == == External links == Official website


id: centre-for-forest-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Forest_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: Centre for Forest Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Forest_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:52.153906+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: centre-for-forest-research-20260505-0
summary:
The Centre for Forest Research (Centre d'Étude de la Forêt) is a group of researchers in eastern Canada interested in forest ecology and forest management. It is a new network created with the amalgamation of two research centres that had been operating in the province of Quebec, Canada. The present structure is built around 46 scientists from eight universities in the province. Main research fields are ecophysiology, genetics, silviculture, entomology, ornithology, mycology and ecology. The research will link these disciplines with the development of innovative alternatives regarding the management of forested lands in the province. == External links == Centre for Forest Research - official site Archived 2019-10-29 at the Wayback Machine


id: study-and-documentation-centre-for-war-and-contemporary-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Study_and_Documentation_Centre_for_War_and_Contemporary_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Study and Documentation Centre for War and Contemporary Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Study_and_Documentation_Centre_for_War_and_Contemporary_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:53.324342+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: study-and-documentation-centre-for-war-and-contemporary-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Study and Documentation Centre for War and Contemporary Society (French: Centre d'Études et de Documentation Guerre et Sociétés contemporaines; Dutch: Studie- en Documentatiecentrum Oorlog en Hedendaagse Maatschappij), known by its combined French—Dutch acronym Cegesoma or CegeSoma, is a historical research institute and archive based in Anderlecht, Brussels in Belgium. It focusses on World War II and the contemporary history of Belgium. Since 2016 it has formed part of the Belgian State Archives. Its director is Nico Wouters. == History == The centre was founded on 13 December 1967 as the Centre for Research and Historical Study into the Second World War (Centre de Recherches et d’Etudes historiques de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, CREHSGM; Navorsings- en Studiecentrum van de Geschiedenis van de Tweede Wereldoorlog, NSGWO) . It was created in response to the legal acquittal of Robert Jan Verbelen, a Flemish collaborator, in 1965 as a result of insufficient documentary records. From 1969, the institution began to actively collect publications, interviews and archives relating to the Second World War. Subsequently, it began to expand the scope of its research into World War I and other aspects of contemporary history. In 1997, it was renamed the Centre for Study and Documentary


id: centre-for-military-airworthiness-and-certification-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Military_Airworthiness_and_Certification-0.md
category: reference
title: Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Military_Airworthiness_and_Certification
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:54.505437+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: centre-for-military-airworthiness-and-certification-20260505-0
summary:
The Centre for Military Airworthiness & Certification (CEMILAC) is a laboratory of the Indian Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Located in Bangalore, its primary function is certification and qualification of military aircraft and airborne systems. Some of its achievements are issuance of IOC for LCA, ALH.Clearance for Bio-ATF for AN-32. It has 14 regional centres located across the country. == References == == External links ==


id: centro-de-estudios-cient-ficos-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_de_Estudios_Científicos-0.md
category: reference
title: Centro de Estudios Científicos
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_de_Estudios_Científicos
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:55.636485+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: centro-de-estudios-cient-ficos-20260505-0
summary:
Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs; Center for Scientific Studies) is a private, non-profit corporation based in Valdivia, Chile, devoted to the development, promotion and diffusion of scientific research. == History == CECs research areas include biophysics, molecular physiology, theoretical physics, glaciology and climate change. The centre was created in 1984 as Centro de Estudios Científicos de Santiago, with a grant of 150,000 dollars a year (for three years) from the Tinker Foundation of New York City. In 2004-2005 glaciologists from CECs organized the Chilean South Pole Expedition in collaboration with the Chilean Navy and Instituto Antártico Chileno. CECs was founded in Santiago but is since 2000 housed in the recently modernized, German-style Hotel Schuster located by Valdivia River. Claudio Bunster, a physicist and winner of Chile's National Prize for Exact Sciences, is the director of CECs. In 2014 CECs discovered what would be a subglacial lake in the West Antarctica, They investigated and concluded after a year that it is a lake, which was named Lake CECs in honor of the institution. The conclusion was published in Geophysical Research Letters on May 22, 2015. The authors of the discovery are Andrés Rivera, Jose Uribe, Rodrigo Zamora and Jonathan Oberreuter. ==


id: centro-de-investigaci-n-de-m-todos-computacionales-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_de_Investigación_de_Métodos_Computacionales-0.md
category: reference
title: Centro de Investigación de Métodos Computacionales
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_de_Investigación_de_Métodos_Computacionales
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:56.817809+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: centro-de-investigaci-n-de-m-todos-computacionales-20260505-0
summary:
Centro de Investigación de Métodos Computacionales (CIMEC, Research Center for Computational Methods) is a research institute located at Predio CONICET Santa Fe Santa Fe, Argentina. It depends on the Universidad Nacional del Litoral, and on the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET). The main area of research is Computational mechanics, i.e. the application of numerical methods to various areas of engineering. The center was formerly known as Centro Internacional de Métodos Computacionales en Ingeniería. Additional information in the official site below. == References == == External links == Official site (in Spanish)


id: chartered-society-of-forensic-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartered_Society_of_Forensic_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartered_Society_of_Forensic_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:58.000213+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: chartered-society-of-forensic-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences (CSFS), formerly the Forensic Science Society, is an international professional society based in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1959 and is one of the oldest and largest forensic associations in the world. The main aim of the society is to encourage communication and collaboration by providing an arena in which forensic practitioners, researchers, academics and those working in related fields can congregate, communicate and invoke development of areas such as best practice, research, publication, quality and ethics in forensic casework. In 2004 the Forensic Science Society became a professional body, and the voice for forensic practitioners, both in the UK and abroad. As of receiving a Royal Charter in October 2013, sealed on 17 of January 2014, the Forensic Science Society was renamed the Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences. The CSFS aims to provide opportunities for practitioners, academics and interested parties to congregate, communicate and collaborate and is committed to providing opportunities for professional development. The CSFS promotes scholarship and education through its journal, one of the oldest journals in the field, Science & Justice as well as its Educational Quality Standards scheme for HE forensic science courses and CPD. == References


id: chinese-american-food-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_American_Food_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Chinese American Food Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_American_Food_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:59.210588+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: chinese-american-food-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Chinese American Food Society (CAFS) is an American-based organization founded in 1974 to develop relationships among Chinese-born food scientists in academia, government, and industry. Its current president is Yao Olive Li, a professor at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. Founded at the 1974 Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) annual meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana, the organization was first called the "IFT-Chinese Association," then changed to "The Association of Chinese Food Scientists in America" before changing to its current name in 1983. The first award was issued in 1983 and it was awarded to Stephen S. Chang who received the Professional Achievement Award. A Distinguished Service Award was established in 1987, and awards for graduate students and high school students were also created in 1983 and 2002, respectively. The CAFS is partnered with the IFT and its International division, and also publishes an online/electronically issued newsletter two to four times a year. In 2004, CAFS was a main supporter of the Food Summit in China event held jointly with the IFT and the Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology (CIFST) that was held in Beijing on November 7–10 of that year. At the 2007 IFT Annual Meeting in Chicago,


id: ci-ncia-sem-fronteiras-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciência_sem_Fronteiras-0.md
category: reference
title: Ciência sem Fronteiras
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciência_sem_Fronteiras
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:00.368657+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ci-ncia-sem-fronteiras-20260505-0
summary:
Ciência sem Fronteiras (Science Without Borders) was a research and exchange program established on July 26, 2011, by the Brazilian federal government to encourage scholarships for scientific projects abroad. The main objective of the program is to distribute scholarships for students of all levels in STEM related majors for international exchange programs. The goal of the Brazilian federal government in funding the program is to attract scientists from other countries to Brazil in order to stimulate research and innovation in Brazilian science and technology (S&T). The program aims to provide 101,000 scholarships by 2015. == See also == Brazilian science and technology == References == == External links == Ciência sem Fronteiras


id: cinvestav-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CINVESTAV-0.md
category: reference
title: CINVESTAV
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CINVESTAV
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:01.565198+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cinvestav-20260505-0
summary:
The Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (in Spanish: Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional or simply as CINVESTAV-IPN) is a Mexican non-governmental scientific research institution affiliated with the National Polytechnic Institute and founded by president Adolfo López Mateos on 17 April 1961, initially planned as a postgraduate department of the National Polytechnic Institute; this was later modified by President José López Portillo, on 17 September 1982. The modification by President Portillo stipulates that it is a decentralized organ of public interest, with legal personality and own patrimony. Cinvestav receives an annual subsidy by the Federal Government to fund its operations. == Organization == === Campuses === The institute is divided into 10 research centers; three of these are in Mexico City, while the others are dispersed across the country. They are located as follows: Mexico City: Zacatenco, Coapa (south) and San Borja Guadalajara, Jalisco Irapuato, Guanajuato Mérida, Yucatán Querétaro, Querétaro Saltillo, Coahuila Monterrey, Nuevo León Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas === Departments === The institute is divided into 33 departments: == World ranking == In a 2019 ranking, Cinvestav was ranked fourth within research centers in Latin America and held position


id: cireq-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIREQ-0.md
category: reference
title: CIREQ
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIREQ
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:02.822243+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cireq-20260505-0
summary:
Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Économie Quantitative (CIREQ; French for "Center for Interuniversity Research in Quantitative Economics") is a research center devoted to economics and quantitative analysis. CIREQ is financed by the Fonds québécois de la recherche sur la société et la culture (FQRSC) and by the Université de Montréal, McGill University, and Concordia University. The Center organizes conferences, workshops, and seminars. It also hosts, via visiting scholar programs, international researchers every year, for periods from one to several weeks. == References ==


id: citizen-cyberscience-centre-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_Cyberscience_Centre-0.md
category: reference
title: Citizen Cyberscience Centre
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_Cyberscience_Centre
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:03.943885+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: citizen-cyberscience-centre-20260505-0
summary:
The Citizen Cyberscience Centre (CCC) is an organization for volunteer computing formed as a partnership between CERN, UNITAR, and the University of Geneva. In August 2011, a new version of the BOINC-based volunteer computing project LHC@home began simulating the high-energy collisions of protons in CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC), with CCC's help. The Citizen Cyberscience Centre is currently hosted at the UNITAR offices at CERN. == References == == External links == Official website


id: climate-action-tracker-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Action_Tracker-0.md
category: reference
title: Climate Action Tracker
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Action_Tracker
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:05.135168+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: climate-action-tracker-20260505-0
summary:
Climate Action Tracker (CAT) is an independent scientific project with the aim of monitoring government action to achieve their reduction of greenhouse gas emissions with regard to international agreements – specifically the globally agreed Paris Agreement aim of "holding warming well below 2°C, and pursuing efforts to limit warming to 1.5°C". It is tracking climate action in 39 countries and the European Union responsible for over 85% of global emissions. Climate Action Tracker is the product of two organisations: NewClimate Institute [1] and Climate Analytics [2]. The actions it tracks are: - Effect of climate policies and action on emissions. - Impact of pledges, targets and nationally determined contributions on national emissions over the time period to 2030, and where possible beyond. - Comparability of effort against countries' fair share and modelled domestic pathways. == COP26 == Toward the end of the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26), Climate Action Tracker produced a report concluding that the current "wave of net‑zero emission goals [are] not matched by action on the ground" and that the world is likely headed for more than 2.4°C of warming by the end of the century. == References == == External links == Climate Action


id: climate-and-environment-sciences-laboratory-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_and_Environment_Sciences_Laboratory-0.md
category: reference
title: Climate and Environment Sciences Laboratory
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_and_Environment_Sciences_Laboratory
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:06.307107+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: climate-and-environment-sciences-laboratory-20260505-0
summary:
The Climate and Environment Sciences Laboratory (Laboratoire des sciences du climat et de l'environnement, or LSCE) is a French mixed research unit (UMR 8212) between the CNRS, the CEA and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, aimed at the study of climate and in particular climate change. It is part of the Institute Pierre Simon Laplace, and located on campuses in l'Orme des Merisiers and Gif-sur-Yvette. The group plays a prominent role in the framework of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and includes modellers in glaciology, remote sensing and air quality study. == References == == External links == Official site (in English)


id: climate-crisis-advisory-group-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Crisis_Advisory_Group-0.md
category: reference
title: Climate Crisis Advisory Group
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Crisis_Advisory_Group
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:07.473405+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: climate-crisis-advisory-group-20260505-0
summary:
The Climate Crisis Advisory Group (CCAG) is an independent group of scientists which advises on climate change and biodiversity, headed by Sir David King. Its goal is to "provide the global public with regular analysis about efforts to tackle the global heating and biodiversity crises". CCAG's launch statement and first report state that the Earth may have already passed several dangerous tipping points, including melting ice sheets, the slowdown of Atlantic circulation and the dieback of the Amazon rainforest, which highlight the need for speed. == Members == Members of the CCAG are scientists from multiple disciplines that are all advocates for the environment. The group was formed so that every continent (besides Antarctica) was represented. All members volunteer their time to the group. Members include: == References == == External links == List of CCAG Reports CCAG press releases CCAG Youtube channel where they stream their monthly meetings


id: coblentz-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coblentz_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Coblentz Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coblentz_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:08.610038+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: coblentz-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Coblentz Society is a non-profit scientific organization named after William Weber Coblentz which is involved in fostering the understanding and application of vibrational spectroscopy. The Society provides education, awards and recognitions enhancing the understanding of molecular (vibrational) spectroscopy. The organization was founded in 1954 and is incorporated in the state of Connecticut. Originally considered to be the Infrared Society at its founding, the Coblentz Society has expanded its technical reach into Raman spectroscopy as the technique has become more accessible to both researchers and more casual users. The Society is the oldest organization in the United States specifically dedicated to the profession and activities associated with vibrational spectroscopy. The Coblentz Society is also the infrared and Raman technical affiliate of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy. The Awards sponsored by The Coblentz Society include: The Coblentz Award is to recognize the contributions by a young professional spectroscopist to the fundamental understanding of vibrational spectroscopy The Craver Award is to recognize the efforts of young professional spectroscopists in the field of applied analytical spectroscopy The Williams–Wright Award is unique in that it recognizes the lifetime accomplishments of an industrial spectroscopist The Bomem-Michelson Award is currently inactive but was designed to recognize


id: committee-on-science-engineering-and-public-policy-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_Science,_Engineering,_and_Public_Policy-0.md
category: reference
title: Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_Science,_Engineering,_and_Public_Policy
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:09.780535+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: committee-on-science-engineering-and-public-policy-20260505-0
summary:
The Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (COSEPUP) is a committee of the United States National Academy of Sciences (NAS), the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and the National Academy of Medicine (NAM). It is chartered by the Academies to address "the concerns and requests of the President's Science Advisor, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Chair of the National Science Board, and heads of other federal research and development departments and agencies, and the Chairs of key science and technology-related committees of the Congress." == External links == COSEPUP homepage at the NAS website


id: committee-on-the-public-understanding-of-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_the_Public_Understanding_of_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Committee on the Public Understanding of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_the_Public_Understanding_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:10.995467+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: committee-on-the-public-understanding-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
The Committee on the Public Understanding of Science or Copus was founded in 1985 by the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS), the Royal Institution and the Royal Society. Copus came about as a result of the 'Bodmer Report' by the eminent geneticist Walter Bodmer. The aim of Copus was to interpret scientific advances and make them more accessible to non-scientists. It played a part in developing the public understanding of science it establishing standards for communicating science and technology The Copus Grant Schemes was set up in 1987 and the last round of grants was for 2003/4. The scheme was funded by the Office of Science and Technology and the Royal Society. 25 grants worth a total of over £750,000 were awarded in 2003/2004. In 2000 The new Copus Council was formed to be a more inclusive partnership for science communication in the UK. In 2002 following a report commissioned by the Office of Science and Technology the Copus Council was discontinued. == References ==


id: committee-on-the-status-of-endangered-wildlife-in-canada-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_the_Status_of_Endangered_Wildlife_in_Canada-0.md
category: reference
title: Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_the_Status_of_Endangered_Wildlife_in_Canada
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:12.180387+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: committee-on-the-status-of-endangered-wildlife-in-canada-20260505-0
summary:
The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC, French: Comité sur la situation des espèces en péril au Canada, COSEPAC) is an independent committee of wildlife experts and scientists whose "raison d'être is to identify species at risk" in Canada. It designates the conservation status of wild species. It was established in 1977 to provide a single, scientifically sound classification of wildlife species at risk of extinction. In the 2002 Species at Risk Act, COSEWIC was appointed as the body to identify and assess a species status. Although the status assigned by COSEWIC is not legally binding, it does report its results to the government and the public. The report is influential toward the addition of species to the List of Wildlife Species at Risk by the Minister of the Environment. == Risk categories == By December 2013 there were "686 wildlife species in various COSEWIC risk categories, including 196 Special Concern (SC), 166 Threatened (T), 302 Endangered (E), 22 Extirpated (XT) (i.e., no longer found in the wild in Canada) and 15 wildlife species that are Extinct (X). The other category is not at risk (NAR). COSEWIC provides online updated status reports on designated species. ==


id: community-programs-for-clinical-research-on-aids-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Programs_for_Clinical_Research_on_AIDS-0.md
category: reference
title: Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Programs_for_Clinical_Research_on_AIDS
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:13.361593+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: community-programs-for-clinical-research-on-aids-20260505-0
summary:
The Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA) was a program sponsored by National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States. Started in 1989, CPCRA was instrumental in some research databases being established. Research from the programs assisted the evaluation of therapies for treating HIV in diverse populations. == History == CPCRA was established in 1989 and included 15 research units. A Statistical Center at the University of Minnesota was funded from 1990 to 1997. CPCRA was one of four networks that NIH was using to conduct clinical trials that were looking to understand possible therapies for people with HIV infection. Th CPCRA network was community-based with access to diverse populations across the spectrum of HIV diseases..." The overall objective of the CPCRA is to design studies of sufficient size and duration of follow up to evaluate the long-term benefits and unintended consequences of various treatment strategies using available agents to assess long-term immunologic, virology and clinical outcomes. CPCRA trials are designed with nested sub-studies aimed at understanding the pathogenesis of HIV infection and the public health implications of its treatment. By 2001, CPCRA had 4,244 people participating in their studies, with trials underway in 17


id: computationally-advanced-infrastructure-partnerships-center-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computationally_Advanced_Infrastructure_Partnerships_Center-0.md
category: reference
title: Computationally Advanced Infrastructure Partnerships Center
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computationally_Advanced_Infrastructure_Partnerships_Center
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:14.556425+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: computationally-advanced-infrastructure-partnerships-center-20260505-0
summary:
The Computationally Advanced Infrastructure Partnerships (CAIP) Center (formerly the Center for Advanced Information Processing) is an advanced technology center at Rutgers University. The center was established in 1985 with the support of the New Jersey Commission on Science and Technology to build upon research in computer-oriented disciplines and to foster collaboration between the university and industry. The center conducts ongoing research in such fields as VLSI, machine vision, virtual reality, robotics, and software engineering. Much of the research produced by the center is of international significance. The Man-Machine Interface Laboratory has received international recognition in the academic and popular literature for its achievements in virtual rehabilitation The center has collaborated with the Department of Homeland Security and other agencies in developing algorithms for machine-assisted baggage searches, weapons detection and identification, and emergency communications. == References == == External links == Official website


id: conchological-society-of-great-britain-ireland-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conchological_Society_of_Great_Britain_&_Ireland-0.md
category: reference
title: Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conchological_Society_of_Great_Britain_&_Ireland
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:15.802628+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: conchological-society-of-great-britain-ireland-20260505-0
summary:
The Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland is a British-based learned society concerned with the study of molluscs and their shells. Founded in 1876, it is one of the oldest such societies in the world. It is a registered UK charity (no 208205) that anyone can join. It promotes the study of molluscs and their conservation, through meetings, publications, workshops, field meetings, and distribution recording schemes. == Journals == Two periodicals are published by the society: Journal of Conchology – a scientific publication issued twice a year Mollusc World – the magazine of the Society, previously known as The Conchologists' Newsletter, and issued three times a year == See also == Netherlands Malacological Society Malacological Society of London Stella Turk Arthur Erskine Ellis == References == == External links == Conchsoc.org: official Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland website


id: the-cooley-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cooley_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: The Cooley Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cooley_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:16.954268+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-cooley-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Cooley Society, also known as The Denton A. Cooley Surgical Society, was formed in 1972 by cardiovascular surgeons and fellows of The Texas Heart Institute, in honour of heart surgeon Denton Cooley. The founding president was Philip S. Chua. == References ==


id: council-of-engineering-and-scientific-society-executives-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Engineering_and_Scientific_Society_Executives-0.md
category: reference
title: Council of Engineering and Scientific Society Executives
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Engineering_and_Scientific_Society_Executives
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:18.151548+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: council-of-engineering-and-scientific-society-executives-20260505-0
summary:
The Council of Engineering and Scientific Society Executives (CESSE) is a non-profit professional organization for executive directors and executive vice presidents of science and engineering societies in the USA. Founded in 1977 and headquartered in Chicago, IL, CESSE's objective is to advance the management of engineering and scientific societies and to advance the exchange of ideas among professional technical societies in the United States and Canada. == Participating organizations == Among the organizations that are members (as of November 15, 2006) include the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Chemical Society, American Oil Chemists' Society, the American Society for Microbiology, the American Society for Quality, the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Institute of Food Technologists, the Institute of Industrial Engineers, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the National Academy of Engineering, Sigma Xi, and Tau Beta Pi. == External links == Official website


id: council-of-higher-education-turkey-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Higher_Education_(Turkey)-0.md
category: reference
title: Council of Higher Education (Turkey)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Higher_Education_(Turkey)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:19.385202+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: council-of-higher-education-turkey-20260505-0
summary:
The Council of Higher Education (Turkish: Yükseköğretim Kurulu, YÖK; also translated as Higher Education Board) is responsible for the supervision of universities in Turkey, in a capacity defined by article 130 of the 1982 constitution. The current president of the council is Erol Özvar, a former professor of the Marmara University and was appointed by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. == Organisation == On the 24 members seven are nominated by the president of Turkey, seven by the Inter University Council, seven by the Council of Ministers, one by the Armed Forces and two by the Ministry of Education. All nominations had to be confirmed by the president of Turkey. The main task of the YÖK is to receive and approve the budgets from the Universities and suggest people to a University rectorship to the president. The YÖK also receives reports from the Universities and their performances. A Higher Educational Supervisory Council supervises the universities and consists of ten members. Of the five members from the YÖK, one is appointed by the Ministry of Education, one by the Armed Forces, one by the Supreme Court, another from the State Accounting Bureau and one by the Council of State. == History == The


id: crann-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRANN-0.md
category: reference
title: CRANN
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRANN
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:20.546229+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: crann-20260505-0
summary:
CRANN, the Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, is Ireland's first purpose-built research institute whose purpose is to perform nanoscience research. It is housed in the Naughton Institute on the campus of Trinity College Dublin. Crann is the Irish word for tree. The three major research areas are Nano-Biology of Cell Surface Interactions, Bottom-Up Fabrication and Testing of Nanoscale Integrated Devices, and Magnetic Nano-Structures and Devices. It also carries out outreach to local schools. As of late 2025, CRANN was led by its director, Prof. Stefano Sanvito, along with deputy director Prof. John Donegan, and executive director Dr. Lorraine Byrne. The research teams are led by principal investigators from Trinity College and University College Cork. Previous investigators included Professors Michael Coey, John Boland, John Pethica and Igor Shvets. == References == == External links == CRANN on TCD website


id: crop-science-centre-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_Science_Centre-0.md
category: reference
title: Crop Science Centre
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_Science_Centre
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:21.768149+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: crop-science-centre-20260505-0
summary:
The Crop Science Centre (informally known as 3CS during its planning) is an alliance between the University of Cambridge and National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB). == History == The Crop Science Centre development plans began in 2015, between the University of Cambridge's Department of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agricultural Botany and the Sainsbury Laboratory. The research institute received £16.9m funding in 2017 from the UK Research Partnership Investment Fund from Research England (United Kingdom Research and Innovation) to build a new state-of-the-art building, designed exclusively for crop research, which opened on 1 October 2020. == Structure == The Crop Science Centre is based at NIAB's Lawrence Weaver Road HQ site in Cambridge. == References == == External links == www.cropsciencecentre.org


id: dalle-molle-institute-for-semantic-and-cognitive-studies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalle_Molle_Institute_for_Semantic_and_Cognitive_Studies-0.md
category: reference
title: Dalle Molle Institute for Semantic and Cognitive Studies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalle_Molle_Institute_for_Semantic_and_Cognitive_Studies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:22.966857+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: dalle-molle-institute-for-semantic-and-cognitive-studies-20260505-0
summary:
The Dalle Molle Institute for Semantic and Cognitive Studies (Italian: Istituto Dalle Molle per gli studi semantici e cognitivi or ISSCO) is a research institute in Geneva, Switzerland. It was founded in Lugano in 1972 by Angelo Dalle Molle through the Fondation Dalle Molle, to conduct research into the application of artificial intelligence to linguistics, cognitive science and semantics with the aim of developing systems for automated translation. Since 1976 it has been a part of the Faculté de Traduction et d'Interprétation, the faculty of translation and interpreting, of the University of Geneva. ISSCO is one of four Swiss research organisations founded by the Dalle Molle foundation, of which three are in the field of artificial intelligence. == References ==


id: darwin-initiative-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_Initiative-0.md
category: reference
title: Darwin Initiative
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_Initiative
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:24.147093+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: darwin-initiative-20260505-0
summary:
The Darwin Initiative is a UK Government funding program that aims to assist countries with rich biodiversity but poor financial resources to meet their objectives under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). == Establishment == The Darwin Initiative was announced by the UK Government in 1992 at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. It was established as a non-departmental public body of DETR, moving to DEFRA on its formation in 2001. In 2010 DEFRA provided annual funding of £7 Million. This will be increased during the period to 2014. == Darwin Advisory Committee == The Darwin Initiative is managed by the Darwin Advisory Committee (DAC), and currently chaired by Professor David Macdonald. The first chairman was Sir Crispin Tickell who was succeeded by Professor David S. Ingram in 1999. Ingram held the post until handing over to Macdonald in 2005. The DAC comprises experts from government, academic, science and the private sector. The DAC's Terms of Reference state its purpose to be "To advise the Secretary of State for the Environment on


id: defence-electronics-application-laboratory-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Electronics_Application_Laboratory-0.md
category: reference
title: Defence Electronics Application Laboratory
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Electronics_Application_Laboratory
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:25.266777+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: defence-electronics-application-laboratory-20260505-0
summary:
Center for Defence Electronics Application Laboratory (DEAL) is a laboratory of the Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO). Located in Dehradun, its primary function is research and development in the radio communication devices for defence applications. Its mission is development of Radio Communication Systems, Data links, Satellite Communication Systems, Millimeter Wave Communication systems == Areas of work == DEAL is developing communication systems and data links for Airawat Airborne Early Warning and Control System. DEAL is also engaged in development of image processing technologies. The Image Analysis Center at DEAL has developed image processing software for Defense Forces. The Image Analysis Center works in the following areas - Image Archival, Visualization & Interpretation tool, Classification tools, Stereo processing, Target Detection, Radar image processing, Terrain modeling & simulation, Product generation == References == == External links == DRDO 30°19′18″N 78°04′06″E


id: defence-terrain-research-laboratory-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Terrain_Research_Laboratory-0.md
category: reference
title: Defence Terrain Research Laboratory
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Terrain_Research_Laboratory
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:26.433636+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: defence-terrain-research-laboratory-20260505-0
summary:
Defence Terrain Research Laboratory (DTRL) is a laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Located in Delhi its primary function is research and development of techniques to evaluate terrains and assess mobility potential of inaccessible areas. The Defence Terrain Research Laboratory focuses on providing state-of-the-art terrain intelligence to the armed forces. == History == The DTRL's origin dates back to 1964 when a Terrain Evaluation Cell (TEC) was set up as a unit of the DRDO. The cell's objectives were to develop techniques needed for evaluating terrain and assessing the mobility potential in inaccessible areas. It became a full-fledged laboratory in 1981, and was renamed the Defence Terrain Research Laboratory. DTRL was notified as self accounting unit on 17 September 1988 == Charter of duties == To develop a reliable system for prediction of terrain characteristics and derivation of military potential of various types of terrains based on modern techniques of terrain evaluation. To develop infrastructure, competence and instrumentation in the latest techniques related to terrain research. To evolve terrain data storage and retrieval system for use by Defence services. To interact with the Services & other agencies including Universities for basic and applied aspects of terrain research.


id: delaware-mineralogical-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_Mineralogical_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Delaware Mineralogical Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_Mineralogical_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:27.613923+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: delaware-mineralogical-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Delaware Mineralogical Society, Inc., also known as DMS, is a U.S. registered tax-deductible 503(c)(3) non-profit organization located in Wilmington, Delaware, US. Its primary purpose is to promote education in the earth sciences. DMS was instrumental in the recommendation of Delaware's official mineral Sillimanite to the Delaware State Legislature in 1977. == History == The Delaware Mineralogical Society was founded in 1960. Its members have professional and hobbyist interests in geology, mineralogy, paleontology, and the lapidary arts. Some members are professional scientists and educators, such as chemists, geologists, school teachers, and college professors. Students also make up a portion of the society's membership. The club hosts educational programs, field trips, and an annual show the first full weekend in March. The monthly newsletter, The Geogram, is published every month, except July and August. The group has also published over 60 articles about specific geological topics on its website. Two of its senior members have published books on paleontology. == Affiliations == The Society is a member of two larger organizations: The American Federation of Mineralogical Societies, the Eastern Federation of Mineralogical and Lapidary Societies, Inc. DMS also has a service affiliation with the Delaware Geological Survey. The Society has an


id: dig64-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIG64-0.md
category: reference
title: DIG64
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIG64
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:29.164176+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: dig64-20260505-0
summary:
DIG64 or Developers' Interface Guide for 64-bit Intel Architecture Servers was an alliance between several leading technology companies including Groupe Bull, Fujitsu Siemens, Hitachi, HP, Intel, NEC, and Unisys. The corporation had responsibility for driving for interoperability on Itanium platforms. To do this they supported a specification, also called DIG64, that helped member companies develop better and more compelling products on Itanium processor family architecture systems. == References == == External links == DIG64 official website.


id: diligentia-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diligentia-0.md
category: reference
title: Diligentia
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diligentia
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:30.352375+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: diligentia-20260505-0
summary:
Diligentia is a learned society founded in The Hague in 1793. All reigning monarchs of the Netherlands since King William I have been patrons of Diligentia, and many members of the royal family have been honorary members. == References == == External links == Official website (in Dutch)


id: discovery-committee-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_Committee-0.md
category: reference
title: Discovery Committee
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_Committee
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:31.591476+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: discovery-committee-20260505-0
summary:
The Discovery Committee was a popular name for the Interdepartmental Committee for the Dependencies of the Falkland Islands established by the British Government to carry out scientific investigations (which became known as ‘Discovery Investigations’) and to propose nature resource conservation and economic development policies for the Falkland Islands Dependencies. During more than 25 years (1925–51) of pioneering work, the Committee's research ships Discovery (Robert Scott’s ship), William Scoresby and Discovery II collected an enormous amount of oceanographic, biological, and geographical data published in 38 volumes, contributing greatly to the knowledge of the world's southern regions. Particularly extensive was the new data related to all aspects of the island of South Georgia. Among the results of the investigations was also the discovery of the natural boundary of Antarctica, the Antarctic Convergence. == See also == Discovery Investigations History of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands == References == Robert K. Headland, The Island of South Georgia, Cambridge University Press, 1984.


id: distributed-artificial-intelligence-research-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_Artificial_Intelligence_Research_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Distributed Artificial Intelligence Research Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_Artificial_Intelligence_Research_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:32.821669+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: distributed-artificial-intelligence-research-institute-20260505-0
summary:
The Distributed Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (or DAIR Institute) is a research institute founded by Timnit Gebru in December 2021. The institute announced itself as "an independent, community-rooted institute set to counter Big Tech’s pervasive influence on the research, development and deployment of AI." In February 2023, two other members of Google's Ethical AI research group, researcher Alex Hanna and developer Dylan Baker, left Google to join DAIR. == References == == External links == Official website


id: donders-centre-for-cognition-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donders_Centre_for_Cognition-0.md
category: reference
title: Donders Centre for Cognition
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donders_Centre_for_Cognition
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:33.967718+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: donders-centre-for-cognition-20260505-0
summary:
The Donders Centre for Cognition (former Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information) is a research institute for cognitive science, neuroscience and information technology. It was founded in 1986 as an integral part of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the Radboud University Nijmegen in The Netherlands. The DCC maintains strong ties with the nearby Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (former F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging) in, among other collaborations, a highly-interdisciplinary research master in cognitive neuroscience. == External links == Official website of the DCC Official website of the research master in cognitive neuroscience


id: donders-centre-for-cognitive-neuroimaging-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donders_Centre_for_Cognitive_Neuroimaging-0.md
category: reference
title: Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donders_Centre_for_Cognitive_Neuroimaging
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:35.110324+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: donders-centre-for-cognitive-neuroimaging-20260505-0
summary:
The Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (formerly F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging) is one of the four centers which together comprise the Donders Institute. It is located at the campus of the Radboud University Nijmegen and maintains strong ties with the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics. It is named after the Dutch ophthalmologist Franciscus Donders, who was the first scientist to use differences in reaction times to infer differences in cognitive processing. Research at the centre is focussed around neuroimaging techniques such as MEG, EEG and fMRI. The centre also has an arrangement with Universität Duisburg-Essen to operate a 7T fMRI facility in Essen, at the Kokerei Zollverein, the site of the former Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex. In order to train young talent in the broad field of cognitive neuroscience, the Donders Institute has established the Donders Graduate School for Cognitive Neuroscience, which offers students an educational programme at both the Master's and the PhD level. The school is intended for students in biology, physics, psycholinguistics, behavioral studies and medicine who are strongly motivated to do research in cognitive neuroscience. FieldTrip, a MATLAB-based toolbox for the analysis of MEG and EEG data originates at the Donders Centre for


id: duke-university-institute-for-genome-sciences-and-policy-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University_Institute_for_Genome_Sciences_and_Policy-0.md
category: reference
title: Duke University Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University_Institute_for_Genome_Sciences_and_Policy
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:36.292306+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: duke-university-institute-for-genome-sciences-and-policy-20260505-0
summary:
Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy (IGSP) is an institution established at Duke University to address the many issues in science and policy that the Genome Revolution and recent advances in Genome Science are expected to create. It is located in the CIEMAS building at Duke University and houses some well known researchers in the genomics field including Huntington F. Willard, who is the director of the IGSP. In June 2014, IGSP was closed and transitioned to a new model of interrelated units. == References ==


id: earth-life-science-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth–Life_Science_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Earth–Life Science Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth–Life_Science_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:37.490316+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: earth-life-science-institute-20260505-0
summary:
Earth–Life Science Institute (ELSI) is an established independent permanent scientific research institute based at the Tokyo Institute of Technology (now Institute of Science Tokyo) in Japan. ELSI employs more than 70 scientists in disciplines ranging from astrophysics to biology, who perform collaborative research on the broad connections between the origin and evolution of planets and life. == History == ELSI was established in 2012 with a charter to build a bridge between the Earth and Life sciences by rallying researchers around questions concerning the link between the origins of planets and life. ELSI has satellite-institutes at Ehime University, Harvard University, and the Institute for Advanced Study, and is currently led by Director Yasuhito Sekine and Vice Directors Tomoaki Matsuura and John Hernlund. == Funding sources == Funding sources for the institute include a combination of support from Japan's World Premiere International Research Center Initiative (approximately $7M/year), a grant from the John Templeton Foundation to establish the ELSI Origins Network (EON, $5.6M for three years), a variety of project grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), and anonymous private donations. == Academics == === Teaching and learning === ELSI offers Masters courses through Institute of Science Tokyo


id: eastern-sociological-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Sociological_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Eastern Sociological Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Sociological_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:38.658860+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: eastern-sociological-society-20260505-0
summary:
Eastern Sociological Society is a non-profit organization with a mission of "promoting excellence in sociological scholarship and instruction". It publishes a peer-reviewed journal (Sociological Forum) and holds a yearly academic conference, the Annual Meeting of Eastern Sociological Society. The Eastern Sociological Society was founded in 1930 to promote the exchange of research, scholarship and professional information among sociologists in the Northeast. == Past presidents == Presidents of the ESS are elected for one year terms by their peers. == References == == External links == Homepage


id: enac-foundation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENAC_Foundation-0.md
category: reference
title: ENAC Foundation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENAC_Foundation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:39.874393+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: enac-foundation-20260505-0
summary:
The ENAC Foundation (French: Fondation de l'École nationale de l'aviation civile) was founded in 2012. The goal of the Foundation, as was put forward by École nationale de l'aviation civile, is to promote scientific and public interest activities in aviation, aerospace and aeronautics. == History == In 2009, the school and its alumni association organized the first edition of the aeronautical book fair. In December 2010, ENAC became one of the ICAO's aviation security training centres. After the creation of the Foundation in 2012, the first scholarships have been given in 2014, in order to promote international mobility. In 2015, the first research chair in UAV is built, in partnership with Ineo, Cofely and Sagem. The foundation is supported by GIFAS since 2017. == See also == Science and technology in France Grandes écoles == References == == External links == Official website


id: equator-irc-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equator_IRC-0.md
category: reference
title: Equator IRC
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equator_IRC
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:41.122938+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: equator-irc-20260505-0
summary:
Equator was an Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration (IRC) focused on experiences integrating physical and digital interactions, spanning six years and running over into the IPerG project. The collaboration concerned the launching of a number of "experiences", which were categorized. == Collaborators == University of Bristol University of Glasgow Lancaster University University of Nottingham Goldsmiths College University of Southampton University of Sussex University College London == Experiences == Applied Ultrasonic Sensing City Citywide Performance Can You See Me Now? Uncle Roy All Around You Curious Home Digital Care Playing and Learning Ambient Wood Domestic Environment Environmental E-Science Seamful Games Seamful Games 2 Shakra Sharing Awareness Public Performance == See also == Pervasive games == References == == External links == The Mixed Reality Lab Archived 2013-11-15 at the Wayback Machine - The Mixed Reality Laboratory at the University of Nottingham.


id: european-assisted-conception-consortium-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Assisted_Conception_Consortium-0.md
category: reference
title: European Assisted Conception Consortium
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Assisted_Conception_Consortium
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:42.256345+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-assisted-conception-consortium-20260505-0
summary:
The European Assisted Conception Consortium (EACC) is an organization whose aim is to bring together national ART regulators and practitioners within the European Union for professional cooperation and joint action. Its inaugural meeting was in Copenhagen in 2005, under the chairmanship of Angela McNab. == See also == European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology == References == European Assisted Conception Consortium (EACC)


id: european-association-for-structural-dynamics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Association_for_Structural_Dynamics-0.md
category: reference
title: European Association for Structural Dynamics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Association_for_Structural_Dynamics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:43.506941+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-association-for-structural-dynamics-20260505-0
summary:
The European Association for Structural Dynamics (EASD) is a professional body founded in 1990 to bring together members of structural dynamics community from all over Europe. == Activities == EASD oversees the organization of the European Conferences on Structural Dynamics (EURODYN) that will be held at three (or four) year intervals. These conferences shall be devoted to theoretical developments and applications of structural dynamics to all types of structures and structural materials. == External links == EASD (Official Website) EURODYN 2026 (Official Website)


