# kb

id: serikbek-daukeev-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serikbek_Daukeev-0.md
category: reference
title: Serikbek Daukeev
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serikbek_Daukeev
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:27:31.027542+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: serikbek-daukeev-20260505-0
summary:
Serikbek Zhusupbekovich Daukeev (Kazakh: Серікбек Жүсіпбекұлы Дәукеев, Serıkbek Jüsıpbekūly Däukeev) is a Kazakh politician and geologist, who held various ministerial and äkimship positions and was the President of the Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences. == Biography == After graduation from Kazakh Polytechnic Institute named after Lenin (currently – Satbayev University) in Alma-Ata in 1972 with a degree in Mining Engineering and Geophysics, he joined a land seismic seismic crew. By 1983, he had already become the Chief Engineer of Kazgeofizika (Alma-Ata Geophysical Exploration Company). In 1986 Serikbek Daukeev came to the helm of Alma-Ata Geophysical Exploration Company after completing a program in Setting Up Industrial Production under the aegis of the Ministry of Geology of the USSR. The company was tasked with implementing new geophysical technologies in Kazakhstan under the guidance of the Minister of Geology of the USSR. In 1992, Serikbek Daukeev spearheaded a reform of the whole system of subsoil resource use in his capacity as the First Deputy Minister of Geology, then Minister of Geology (between 1993 and 2000), and Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection after the governmental reform. Serikbek Daukeev successfully defended his doctoral dissertation on Geology and Mineralogy in 1996. From 2000 to 2002,


id: estonian-academy-of-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_Academy_of_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: Estonian Academy of Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_Academy_of_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:27:32.261554+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: estonian-academy-of-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
Founded in 1938, the Estonian Academy of Sciences (Estonian: Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia, Latin: Academia Scientiarum Estoniae) is Estonia's national academy of science in Tallinn. As with other national academies, it is an independent group of well-known scientists whose stated aim is to promote research and development, encourage international scientific cooperation, and disseminate knowledge to the public. As of March 2026, it had 77 full members and 19 foreign members. Since 2024, the president of the academy is the molecular biologist Mart Saarma. == Divisions == The academy has four divisions: Division of Astronomy and Physics (Estonian: Astronoomia ja füüsika osakond) Division of Informatics and Engineering (Estonian: Informaatika ja tehnikateaduste osakond) Division of Biology, Geology and Chemistry (Estonian: Bioloogia, geoloogia ja keemia osakond) Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences (Estonian: Humanitaar- ja sotsiaalteaduste osakond) == History == The academy was established in 1938 as a learned society. When Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union the academy was dissolved on July 17, 1940. In June 1945 it was reestablished as the Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR (Estonian: Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia). In Soviet times, it consisted of a central library and four divisions containing 15 research institutes as


id: european-academies-science-advisory-council-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Academies'_Science_Advisory_Council-0.md
category: reference
title: European Academies' Science Advisory Council
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Academies'_Science_Advisory_Council
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:27:33.531860+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-academies-science-advisory-council-20260505-0
summary:
The European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC) is a regional association of National Academies of science. EASAC comprises 29 member institutions: the national science academies of the European Union (EU) Member States, Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the pan-European organisations Academia Europaea and ALLEA. EASAC was founded in June 2001 and since 1 January 2024 it is hosted by the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna. EASAC was set up as a mechanism of collaboration for its member Academies, in particular for providing “science-for-policy” advice to the institutions of the EU. This means that through EASAC scientific advice is offered jointly by the Academies to the European Commission and the European Parliament EASAC's work also aims to help inform national policy-making across Europe, and engage European media and societies. EASAC aims to provide science-based analysis and recommendations on questions that are of relevance to EU policy thinking and development, e.g. on plastics in the circular economy, genetically modified crops, climate change and health, forest biomass for energy, or decarbonisation of transport. The association is funded by EASAC member Academies. Since 2012 the IAP - The InterAcademy Partnership has also provided funds to EASAC which functions as IAP’s regional affiliated


id: european-academies-science-advisory-council-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Academies'_Science_Advisory_Council-1.md
category: reference
title: European Academies' Science Advisory Council
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Academies'_Science_Advisory_Council
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:27:33.531860+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-academies-science-advisory-council-20260505-0
summary:
=== Secretariat === Originally managed and hosted by the British Royal Society, the Secretariat was hosted by the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in Halle until 31 December 2022. EASAC’s Brussels Office at the Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium is also part of the Secretariat. As of January 1, 2024, the EASAC Secretariat is hosted by the Austrian Academy of Sciences and is based in Vienna. The Secretariat is responsible for maintaining the working process of EASAC's groups, including the organisation of meetings of Council, Bureau, Programme Steering Panels, and working groups. It oversees management of EASAC working groups' outputs towards publication, launch and dissemination of EASAC reports, statements, and commentaries. It liaises with EU policy-makers, EU institutions, and other EU and national agencies of relevance to EASAC's work. The Secretariat maintains contact with EASAC member Academies and liaises with other Academy networks. The Secretariat also manages EASAC's communication activities, such as press releases, newsletters, website, and social media pages. === Members === Academia Europaea All European Academies Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts Cyprus Academy of Sciences, Letters and Arts Royal


id: finnish-academy-of-science-and-letters-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_Academy_of_Science_and_Letters-0.md
category: reference
title: Finnish Academy of Science and Letters
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_Academy_of_Science_and_Letters
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:27:34.738736+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: finnish-academy-of-science-and-letters-20260505-0
summary:
The Finnish Academy of Science and Letters (Finnish: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia ry; Latin: Academia Scientiarum Fennica) is a Finnish learned society. It was founded in 1908 and is thus the second oldest academy in Finland. The oldest is the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, which was founded in 1838. == Members == The academy has a total of 328 seats for Finnish members. When a member of the academy turns 65 years, his seat is free for selection of a new member, but he remains a full member until death. The seats are divided into two sections === Section of Science === Mathematics and Computer Science 28 members Physics and Astronomy 26 members Geosciences 24 members Chemistry 21 members Biology 22 members Agriculture and Forestry 22 members Medicine 46 members 189 seats === Section of the Humanities === Theology and Religion 11 members Philosophy and Aesthetics 12 members Psychology and Pedagogy 14 members History and Archaeology 17 members Finno-Ugric Studies 17 members Linguistics 21 members Jurisprudence 18 members Social sciences 29 members 139 seats == Foreign members == Since 1924, foreign members have also been invited to the academy. A foreign scientist who has proven to be a leading researcher


id: finnish-society-of-sciences-and-letters-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_Society_of_Sciences_and_Letters-0.md
category: reference
title: Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_Society_of_Sciences_and_Letters
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:27:35.959689+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: finnish-society-of-sciences-and-letters-20260505-0
summary:
The Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters (Swedish: Finska Vetenskaps-Societeten r.f., Finnish: Suomen Tiedeseura r.y., Latin: Societas Scientiarum Fennica) is a Finnish learned society for natural sciences, social sciences and humanities. It is a bilingual (Swedish and Finnish) science academy and the oldest of the four science academies in Finland. The society was founded in 1838 and is based in Helsinki. It has a total of 120 full ordinary Finnish members, excluding members who have reached the age of 67 (a member who reaches the age of 67 retains the rights as a member but leaves his or her chair open for election of a new member), and about 120 foreign members. It is divided into four sections: I: mathematics and physics, II: biosciences, III: humanities, and IV: social sciences. The society publishes a yearbook, Sphinx, and the book series Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum, Commentationes Scientiarum Socialium, Bidrag till kännedom av Finlands natur och folk and The History of Learning and Science in Finland 1828-1918. It also awards a number of prizes and grants for scientific and scholarly work. In addition to the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, there are three other academies in Finland: the Finnish Academy of Science


id: french-academy-of-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: French Academy of Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:27:37.238748+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: french-academy-of-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The French Academy of Sciences (French: Académie des sciences [akademi de sjɑ̃s]) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was at the forefront of scientific developments in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, and is one of the earliest Academies of Sciences. Currently headed by Patrick Flandrin (President of the academy), it is one of the five Academies of the Institut de France. == History == The Academy of Sciences traces its origin to Colbert's plan to create a general academy. He chose a small group of scholars who met on 22 December 1666 in the King's library, near the present-day Bibliothèque Nationale, and thereafter held twice-weekly working meetings there in the two rooms assigned to the group. The first 30 years of the academy's existence were relatively informal, since no statutes had as yet been laid down for the institution. In contrast to its British counterpart, the academy was founded as an organ of government. In Paris, there were not many membership openings, to fill positions there were contentious elections. The election process was at least a 6-stage


id: french-academy-of-sciences-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences-1.md
category: reference
title: French Academy of Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:27:37.238748+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: french-academy-of-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
Mathematics Mechanics Astronomy Physics Chemistry Mineralogy Botany Agriculture Anatomy and Zoology Medicine and Surgery The last two sections are bundled since there were many good candidates fit to be elected for those practices, and the competition was stiff. Some individuals like François Magendie had made stellar advancements in their selected fields of study, that warranted a possible addition of new fields. However, even someone like Magendie, who had made breakthroughs in physiology and impressed the academy with his hands-on vivisection experiments, could not get his study into its own category. Despite Magendie being one of the leading innovators of his time, it was still a battle for him to become an official member of the academy, a feat he would later accomplish in 1821. He further improved the reverence of the academy when he and anatomist Charles Bell produced the widely known Bell–Magendie law. From 1795 until 1914, the first world war, the French Academy of Science was the most prevalent organization of French science. Almost all the old members of the previously abolished Académie were formally re-elected and retook their ancient seats. Among the exceptions was Dominique, comte de Cassini, who refused to take his seat. Membership in the


id: french-academy-of-sciences-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences-2.md
category: reference
title: French Academy of Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:27:37.238748+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: french-academy-of-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
== Decline == Although the academy still exists today, after World War I, the reputation and status of the academy was largely questioned. One factor behind its decline was the development from a meritocracy to gerontocracy: a shift from those with demonstrated scientific ability leading the academy to instead favoring those with seniority. It became known as a sort of "hall of fame" that lost control, real and symbolic, of the professional scientific diversity in France at the time. Another factor was that in the span of five years, 1909 to 1914, funding to science faculties considerably dropped, eventually leading to a financial crisis in France. == Present use == Today the academy is one of five academies comprising the Institut de France. Its members are elected for life. Currently, there are 150 full members, 300 corresponding members, and 120 foreign associates. They are divided into two scientific groups: the Mathematical and Physical sciences and their applications and the Chemical, Biological, Geological and Medical sciences and their applications. The academy currently has five missions that it pursues. These being the encouraging of the scientific life, promoting the teaching of science, transmitting knowledge between scientific communities, fostering international collaborations, and ensuring


id: georgian-national-academy-of-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_National_Academy_of_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: Georgian National Academy of Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_National_Academy_of_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:27:38.506354+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: georgian-national-academy-of-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The Georgian National Academy of Sciences (GNAS) (Georgian: საქართველოს მეცნიერებათა ეროვნული აკადემია, romanized: sakartvelos metsnierebata erovnuli ak'ademia) is the main learned society of Georgia. It was named the Georgian SSR Academy of Sciences until November 1990. The Academy coordinates scientific research in Georgia and develops relationships with the academies and scientific centers of foreign countries. == History == GNAS was established in February 1941, in Tbilisi. It integrates 9 scientific research institutions of the Georgian branch of the All-Soviet Academy of Sciences, as well as the Georgian National Museum, the Geological Institute, the I. Beritashvili Institute of Physiology, etc., a total of 14 scientific research institutions, covering linguistics, physiology, mathematics, botany, geology and other fields, divided into the Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and the Department of Social Sciences. The founder Academicians of the Academy were Giorgi Akhvlediani (linguistics), Ivane Beritashvili (physiology), Arnold Chikobava (Ibero-Caucasian languages), Giorgi Chubinashvili (arts), Simon Janashia (history), Alexander Janelidze (geology), Korneli Kekelidze (philology), Niko Ketskhoveli (botany), Tarasi Kvaratskhelia (subtropical cultures), Niko Muskhelishvili (mathematics, mechanics; first President of the Academy), Ilia Vekua (mathematics; second President of the Academy), Akaki Shanidze (linguistics), Alexander Tvalchrelidze (mineralogy), Dimitri Uznadze (psychology), Kiriak Zavriev (constructive mechanics) and Philip Zaitsev (zoology).


id: german-academy-of-sciences-at-berlin-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Academy_of_Sciences_at_Berlin-0.md
category: reference
title: German Academy of Sciences at Berlin
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Academy_of_Sciences_at_Berlin
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:27:39.908255+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: german-academy-of-sciences-at-berlin-20260505-0
summary:
The German Academy of Sciences at Berlin, German: Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (DAW), in 1972 renamed the Academy of Sciences of the GDR (Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, abbreviated to AdW), was the most eminent research institution of East Germany (German Democratic Republic, GDR). The DAW was the continuation of the Prussian Academy of Sciences (founded as Brandenburg Society of Sciences in 1700 by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz), which after end of war 1945 adapted to new conditions and therefore had performed denazification, changed its structure, its statute and its name. It was then reopened 1946 in the Eastern Sector of Berlin by the Russian military government SMAD. The academy was a learned society (scholarship society), in which awarded membership via election constituted scientific recognition. Unlike other academies of science, the DAW was also the host organization of a scientific community of non-academic research institutes. Upon German reunification, the Academy's learned society was dissociated from its research institutes and any other affiliates and eventually dissolved in 1992. Since 1993, activities of the AdW's members and college have been continued by the newly established Leibniz Scientific Society (Leibniz-Sozietät der Wissenschaften). The AdW's pending and unfinished research projects and holdings were


id: german-national-academy-of-sciences-leopoldina-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_National_Academy_of_Sciences_Leopoldina-0.md
category: reference
title: German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_National_Academy_of_Sciences_Leopoldina
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:27:41.175718+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: german-national-academy-of-sciences-leopoldina-20260505-0
summary:
The German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (German: Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina – Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften), in short Leopoldina, is the national academy of Germany, and is located in Halle (Saale). Founded on 1 January 1652, based on academic models in Italy, it was originally named the Academia Naturae Curiosorum until 1687 when Emperor Leopold I raised it to an academy and named it after himself. It was since known under the German name Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina until 2007, when it was declared to be Germany's National Academy of Sciences. == History == The Leopoldina was founded in the imperial city of Schweinfurt on 1 January 1652 under the Latin name Academia Naturae Curiosorum, sometimes translated into English as "Academy of the Curious as to Nature." It was founded by four local physicians – Johann Laurentius Bausch, the first president of the society, Johann Michael Fehr, Georg Balthasar Metzger, and Georg Balthasar Wohlfarth; and was the only academy like it at the time making it the oldest academy of science in Germany. The archives of Leopoldina are some of the oldest in the world based on the fact that the records date back to the 17th


id: german-national-academy-of-sciences-leopoldina-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_National_Academy_of_Sciences_Leopoldina-1.md
category: reference
title: German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_National_Academy_of_Sciences_Leopoldina
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:27:41.175718+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: german-national-academy-of-sciences-leopoldina-20260505-0
summary:
At first, the society conducted its business by correspondence and was located wherever the president was working., pp. 8–9 After Schweinfurt, the Academy was rooted in many places before it was permanently located in Halle in 1878. Following Schweinfurt in chronological order: Nuremberg, Augsburg, Altdorf, Erfurt, Halle, Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bonn, Breslau (currently Wrocław, Poland), Jena, Dresden, and finally Halle., pp. 8–9 There were many efforts during years of national prosperity to elevate the Academy to the status of a 'national institute,' but all such early efforts failed. In those times the Academy was not on the nation's agenda at a political or academic level. Later, however, its members began to enrich the Academy with an obligation to be present at its proceedings so as to improve their public standing. Thus they began to hold regular monthly meetings, even in the challenging conditions of 1924,, pp. 8–9 which had to be attended by all local members. When Adolf Hitler became Germany's Chancellor in 1933, the Leopoldina started to exclude its Jewish members. Albert Einstein was the first victim because of public pressure. In 1938 there followed a declaration to the Nazi government that all Jewish members had been excluded, while in


id: german-national-academy-of-sciences-leopoldina-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_National_Academy_of_Sciences_Leopoldina-2.md
category: reference
title: German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_National_Academy_of_Sciences_Leopoldina
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:27:41.175718+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: german-national-academy-of-sciences-leopoldina-20260505-0
summary:
Three quarters of the members are from German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) and one quarter from about 30 other nations. The election to membership of the Leopoldina is the highest academic honour awarded by an institution in Germany. Some laureates are also fellows of the Leopoldina. Among the most noted of fellows are for instance: Christian Ludwig Brehm Adolf Butenandt James B. Conant Manfred Eigen Albert Einstein (excluded 1933 for being Jewish) Gerhard Ertl Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Ernst Haeckel Otto Hahn Theodor W. Hänsch Paula Hertwig Joseph Lister Alexander Oparin Wilhelm Ostwald Max Planck Carl Friedrich von Weizäcker Members might also attribute discoveries and success to the academy. For example, the asteroid 893 Leopoldina is named in its honour. == Leadership == At the head of the Academy there is a Presidium, elected by the Senate, consisting of the President, acting as the chair, four Vice Presidents, and other members at large. These position terms are five years long and can only be held twice by the same person. The Senate of the Academy currently consists of 39 members representing different sections and disciplines of science, as well as representatives from Switzerland and Austria. Senate members serve for four


id: hellenic-agricultural-academy-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenic_Agricultural_Academy-0.md
category: reference
title: Hellenic Agricultural Academy
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenic_Agricultural_Academy
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:27:42.433480+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: hellenic-agricultural-academy-20260505-0
summary:
The Hellenic Agricultural Academy, also known as HAA (Greek: Ελληνική Γεωργική Ακαδημία), is an independent, non-profit Greek scientific organization (academy) based in Athens at the Agricultural University of Athens. It is active in the scientific fields of agronomy and forestry, biotechnology, veterinary medicine and animal science, food sciences and nutririon, ecology and natural environment, and agricultural economics. == History == The Hellenic Agricultural Academy was founded in 2000 by a group of scientists representing a wide range of disciplines, including agricultural sciences, forestry, veterinary medicine, food technology, and environmental sciences. Following its establishment, the academy joined the Union of European Academies for Sciences applied to Agriculture, Food and Nature (UEAA). Since 2001, it has been a full member of the UEAA, a pan-European network of academies that promotes scientific research and cooperation on issues related to agriculture, food, and the environment. The UEAA supports networking among scientists at the European level and the exchange of knowledge among its member states. For the 2024–2026 term, President of the HAA is Dr. Sophia Efstratoglou, Emerita Professor at the Agricultural University of Athens, and Vice President is Dr. Georgios-Ioannis Nychas, Emeritus Professor at the Agricultural University of Athens. == Core purpose and mission


id: historical-and-literary-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_and_Literary_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Historical and Literary Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_and_Literary_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:27:43.743201+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: historical-and-literary-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Historical and Literary Society, (Polish: Towarzystwo Historyczno-literackie, French: Société historique et littéraire polonaise – SHLP) a successor organisation to the Literary Society, was founded in Paris in 1832 as a Polish political and cultural association by a group that included Alexandre Walewski, Napoleon's natural son and future minister of foreign affairs of Napoleon III. Its founding chairman was Adam Jerzy Czartoryski and from 1861, his son, Wladyslaw Czartoryski. The society's original aim was "to collect and publicise materials relating to the former Kingdom of Poland, its current circumstances and future prospects, in the context of maintaining and encouraging in the opinion of nations the sympathy they have directed towards Poland. It found not only sympathy but support and practical assistance in the higher échelons of French society. It is co-owner of the Polish Library in Paris. == History == The society was called into being by the first wave of Polish émigrés fleeing the aftermath of the collapse of the November uprising in partitioned Poland. The society's charter was signed on 29 April 1832. Among its original founding members were Józef Bem, Teodor Morawski, Ludwik Plater, Andrzej Plichta, Jan Nepomucen Umiński. Among influential French supporters were the part Scots,


id: hungarian-academy-of-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: Hungarian Academy of Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:27:45.060294+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: hungarian-academy-of-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungarian: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈtudomaːɲoʃ ˈɒkɒdeːmijɒ], MTA) is Hungary's foremost and most prestigious learned society. Its headquarters are located along the banks of the Danube in Budapest, between Széchenyi rakpart and Akadémia utca. The academy's primary functions include the advancement of scientific knowledge, the dissemination of research findings, the support of research and development, and the representation of science in Hungary both domestically and around the world. == History == The origins of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences date back to 1825, when Count István Széchenyi offered one year's income from his estate to establish a Learned Society. He made this offer during a session of the Diet in Pressburg (Pozsony, now Bratislava), then the seat of the Hungarian Parliament. Inspired by his gesture, other delegates soon followed suit. The Society's mission was defined as the development of the Hungarian language and the promotion of sciences and the arts in the Hungarian language. It was officially named the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1845. The academy's central building, designed in the Renaissance Revival architecture by architect Friedrich August Stüler, was inaugurated in 1865. == Sections == Within the academy, scientific sections are organized according


