# kb

id: boffins-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boffins_(TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Boffins (TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boffins_(TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:44:56.472619+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: boffins-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Boffins (also referred to as The Boffins) is an Australian children's television programme produced by Film Australia in 1993. It was created by John Patterson and Ian Munro, who also co-created Johnson and Friends. The series was never broadcast or picked up by a network within Australia. The ABC initially wanted to show it as part of their schools programming, but this never happened for unknown reasons. The series did air internationally and was translated into several languages, and within Australia, it was later released on home video by the ABC in 1995. == Plot == Boffins follows the adventures of four tiny furry alien-like creatures known as Boffins, who spend their days in kitchen cupboards and surrounding areas, trying to discover the science behind how the world works, Madame Curie and Aristotle are very close to some of the answers, but Newton and Echo, the young boffins from the house next door are only interested in having fun! The series was designed to introduce primary school children to some of the basic laws of science. Each episode explores a different concept; the transmission of sound, levers, pulleys, magnetism, gravity, siphons, evaporation, reflection and dispersion of light, friction, and requirements


id: brain-games-2011-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_Games_(2011_TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Brain Games (2011 TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_Games_(2011_TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:44:57.706514+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: brain-games-2011-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Brain Games is an American popular science television series that explores cognitive science by focusing on illusions, psychological experiments, and counterintuitive thinking. The series debuted on National Geographic in 2011 as a special. Its return as an original series in 2013 set a record for the highest premiere rating for any National Geographic original series with 1.5 million viewers. Neil Patrick Harris was the unseen narrator in the first season, replaced by Jason Silva for the remainder of the series as its host and presenter; in addition, sleight-of-hand artist Apollo Robbins has been a frequent consultant and illusionist guest on the show. As time passed, Magician Eric Leclerc took over this role in seasons 4 and 5. The show is interactive, encouraging television viewers, often along with a handful of live volunteers, to engage in visual, auditory, and other cognitive experiments, or "brain games", that emphasize the main points presented in each episode. Experts like Sri Sarma also explain why humans react in a certain way because of the brain. The series is deemed acceptable for use toward E/I credits, and Litton Entertainment added repurposed reruns of the show to its syndicated Go Time block in fall 2016, and The


id: the-brain-with-david-eagleman-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brain_with_David_Eagleman-0.md
category: reference
title: The Brain with David Eagleman
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brain_with_David_Eagleman
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:44:58.889945+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-brain-with-david-eagleman-20260505-0
summary:
The Brain with David Eagleman is a PBS documentary series created and presented by neuroscientist Dr. David Eagleman. Eagleman explores the wonders of the human brain with the goal of revealing why we feel and think the things we do. The series debuted on PBS in 2015, followed by airings on the BBC in the United Kingdom and the SBS in Australia. == Episode list == The series consists of six 1-hour episodes: == Book == Eagleman's book to accompany the series, The Brain: The Story of You, was co-published by Pantheon Books (US) and Canongate Books (UK). == Reception == The series and accompanying book garnered wide critical acclaim. The New York Times listed it as one of the best television shows of 2015. Forbes magazine wrote that "in the fine tradition of Carl Sagan, Eagleman shows that science is captivating without hyped embellishment, and, if you pay attention, you'll find yourself immersed in it". The scientific journal Nature described the series as "an ideal introduction to how biology generates the mind... structured around crucial and wide-ranging questions, saturated with personal and social relevance. And Eagleman's answers are consistently clear, engaging and thought-provoking." Actor Hugh Laurie described the series


id: brainiac-science-abuse-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainiac:_Science_Abuse-0.md
category: reference
title: Brainiac: Science Abuse
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainiac:_Science_Abuse
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:00.059950+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: brainiac-science-abuse-20260505-0
summary:
Brainiac: Science Abuse (often shortened to simply Brainiac) is a British entertainment documentary show that aired on Sky One from 13 November 2003 to 30 March 2008. It was created by Executive Producer Stewart Morris and Andy Milligan. During each episode of the show, numerous experiments are carried out to verify whether common conceptions are true (such as whether it is possible to run across a pool of custard) or simply to create impressive explosions. The experimenters on the show are referred to as "Brainiacs", and each episode usually finishes with the destruction of a caravan. The original presenters were Richard Hammond and Jon Tickle, who were joined in the second series by Charlotte Hudson. Hammond, alongside the original production team, left after the fourth season and was replaced by Vic Reeves, and Hudson left after the fifth and was replaced by Thaila Zucchi. On 28 July 2008 Sky cancelled the show saying it had been taken as far as it could go. == History == === Series 1 (2003) === Series 1 featured a wide variety of experiments including testing to see whether a mobile phone would ignite petrol vapours, walking on custard and testing the effects of electric


id: brainiac-science-abuse-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainiac:_Science_Abuse-1.md
category: reference
title: Brainiac: Science Abuse
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainiac:_Science_Abuse
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:00.059950+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: brainiac-science-abuse-20260505-0
summary:
=== Series 6 (2008) === Series 6 saw the return of Vic Reeves as host and Jon Tickle as co-host. Thaila Zucchi replaced Hudson as the third co-host and made her debut on the series in two items: "How Hard is Your Thing?" in which she tests the hardness of different objects using thermite and a ton of bricks dropped from a crane, and "Shocking Acts" in which she finds out whether variety acts can still perform while receiving electric shocks. Other new segments included "Gas Bang Wallop" featuring a character called Barry Bernard who destroys things with gas, "Chemistry Deathmatch" in which regular characters Dr Bunhead and Professor John Kilcoyne go head-to-head to produce the best experiments, "Custard Dreams" which follows the adventures of a Brainiac who discovers he can walk on custard, and "Stars in Their Caravans" which sees a variety of UK celebrities trapped in caravans, in a mock game show which results in large explosions. Competitors Gail Porter Frank Bruno Paul Daniels Debbie McGee Jayne Middlemiss Wozza Thompson (Antony Worrall Thompson) Tony Blackburn WAGs Danielle Lloyd Abi Titmuss Keeley Hazell == Forged results == At least one faked result has surfaced: the alkali metal experiments. The


id: building-giants-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_Giants_(TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Building Giants (TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_Giants_(TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:01.374584+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: building-giants-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Building Giants is a British documentary television series covering the design and construction of large structures, including stadiums, tunnels, bridges, cruise ships, and other giant engineering feats that premiered in early 2018. == Broadcast History == The show first aired on the Science Channel in the U.S. on January 4, 2018 with the "World's Greatest Stadium" episode that shows the Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta. Discovery Networks reported that along with Mega Machines, the series pushed Thursday ratings up 32% over January 2017. The series premiered on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom (the show's production country), starting on April 16, 2018 beginning with the "World's Strongest Wall" episode that features the MOSE in Venice, Italy. On August 5, 2019, it was announced that the second season will premiere on August 7, 2019. On May 4, 2020, it was announced that the third season will premiere on May 6, 2020. The first season of the series is currently available for streaming online on ITV Studios' YouTube channel Blueprint, as well as Amazon Prime Video, FilmRise (who holds the AVOD streaming rights to ITV Studios shows that Shout! Studios does not distribute in North America), The Roku Channel and Tubi, while the


id: c-est-pas-sorcier-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C'est_pas_sorcier-0.md
category: reference
title: C'est pas sorcier
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C'est_pas_sorcier
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:02.534113+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: c-est-pas-sorcier-20260505-0
summary:
C'est pas sorcier (literally It's Not Sorcery, French for "it's not rocket science") is a popular French live-action, science education television program that originally aired from September 19, 1993, to February 1, 2014. In total, 559 episodes were produced. This program was popular culture, with an audience share of over 30% in France. The episodes continued to be rebroadcast, until at least 2021. Dubbed or subtitled, the program is or has been broadcast in many countries, in Europe (Italy, Finland, Greece via Ellinikí Radiofonía Tileórasi, Poland via Da Vinci Learning, and Portugal), in Asia (Cambodia, China, South Korea, Japan, Laos, Lebanon, Mongolia, Turkey, and Vietnam), in Africa (Morocco on the channel 2M, Tunisia via Tunisian television 2, Algeria via Canal Algérie and Berbère Télévision, and Mauritius by the national broadcaster), and in the United States on the streaming service France Channel (under the name The Whizz Report). In 2015, a new show, l'Esprit Sorcier hosted by Frédéric Courant began airing online, presenting itself as a successor to C'est pas sorcier. == The presenters == In the show, "Sabine" (Sabine Quindou) and "Fred" (Frédéric Courant) work together in the field. They travel around the world, interviewing specialists, and asking questions to


id: cells-at-work-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cells_at_Work!-0.md
category: reference
title: Cells at Work!
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cells_at_Work!
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:03.855473+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cells-at-work-20260505-0
summary:
Cells at Work! (Japanese: はたらく細胞, Hepburn: Hataraku Saibō) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Akane Shimizu. It features the anthropomorphized cells of a human body, with the two main protagonists being a red blood cell and a white blood cell she frequently encounters. It was serialized in Kodansha's shōnen manga magazine Monthly Shōnen Sirius from January 2015 to January 2021. It is licensed in North America by Kodansha USA. The series has been adapted into an anime television series by David Production, with two seasons broadcast from July 2018 to February 2021, totaling 21 episodes. A theatrical anime titled "Hataraku Saibō!!" Saikyō no Teki, Futatabi. Karada no Naka wa "Chō" Ōsawagi! premiered in September 2020. The series has also spawned several spin-off manga series, including Cells at Work! Code Black, published from 2018 to 2021 and adapted into an anime television series. == Plot == The story takes place inside the body of an adult human, where trillions of anthropomorphic cells each do their job to keep the body healthy. The series largely focuses on two such cells; a rookie red blood cell, AE3803, who often gets lost during deliveries, and a relentless white blood cell, U-1146,


id: cells-at-work-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cells_at_Work!-1.md
category: reference
title: Cells at Work!
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cells_at_Work!
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:03.855473+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cells-at-work-20260505-0
summary:
== Characters == Erythrocyte / Red Blood Cell (AE3803) (赤血球, Sekkekkyū) Voiced by: Kana Hanazawa (Japanese); Cherami Leigh (English) Portrayed by: Mei Nagano A red blood cell who has just started her job, delivering oxygen, carbon dioxide and different nutrients all over the body. She meets Neutrophil when he saves her from an attacking pneumococcus bacterium. She is clumsy and gets lost often, but is determined to perform to the best of her ability. It is later revealed that she had encountered Neutrophil when they were younger, after he saved her from a bacterium. Neutrophil (好中球, Kōchūkyū) / White Blood Cell (U-1146) (白血球, Hakkekkyū) Voiced by: Tomoaki Maeno (Japanese); Billy Kametz (English) Portrayed by: Takeru Satoh A type of white blood cell, whose job is to kill pathogens infecting the body. Despite his violent and ruthless occupation, he is quite soft-spoken and gentle. When he was still in school as a young cell, he saved AE3803 from a bacterium after she got lost in a training exercise. Killer T Cell (キラーT細胞, Kirā Tī Saibō) Voiced by: Daisuke Ono (Japanese); Robbie Daymond (English) Portrayed by: Koji Yamamoto A type of white blood cell that recognizes and kills various foreign matter and


id: cells-at-work-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cells_at_Work!-2.md
category: reference
title: Cells at Work!
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cells_at_Work!
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:03.855473+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cells-at-work-20260505-0
summary:
She has a smug demeanor, is somewhat condescending towards other cells and her relationship with Killer T Cell is akin to that of an intense sibling rivalry. Cancer Cell (がん細胞, Gan Saibō) Voiced by: Akira Ishida (Japanese); Khoi Dao (English) Portrayed by: Fukase An antagonistic cell bent on creating a world where cells no longer have to kill each other, even if it means risking the life of the body. Normal Cell / Cell Boy (正常細胞, Seijō Saibō) Voiced by: Yūsuke Kobayashi (Japanese); Bryce Papenbrook (English) Normal Cell is a minor character who plays a major role in season 2. Normal Cell is a soft-hearted troublemaker. He finds his job of copying himself boring hence he began to venture outside of his apartment to explore or mess around. Despite not being able to do anything, he has a strong will to protect someone that is precious to him (Lactic Acid Bacteria). According to AE3803, he lives by the pharynx, which happens to be an area that contains lymph nodes.


id: cells-at-work-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cells_at_Work!-3.md
category: reference
title: Cells at Work!
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cells_at_Work!
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:03.855473+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cells-at-work-20260505-0
summary:
== Media == === Manga === Written and illustrated by Akane Shimizu, Cells at Work! was serialized in Kodansha's shōnen manga magazine Monthly Shōnen Sirius from January 26, 2015, to January 26, 2021. Kodansha collected its chapters in six tankōbon volumes, released from July 9, 2015, to February 9, 2021. Kodansha USA announced that it had licensed Cells at Work! in North America on March 21, 2016. ==== Spin-offs ==== The series has spawned several spin-offs published across various Kodansha's manga magazines and digital platforms: Cells at Work!: Bacteria! (はたらく細菌) by Haruyuki Yoshida. The series follows the lives of good and bad bacteria in the intestines. It was serialized in the shōjo manga magazine Nakayoshi from April 3, 2017, to July 3, 2020. It was followed by Cells at Work! Neo Bacteria (はたらく細菌Neo), serialized in Nakayoshi and on the Palcy manga app from December 28, 2020, to February 22, 2021, with a single volume released on the latter date. Cells NOT at Work! (はたらかない細胞) by Moe Sugimoto. It follows immature red blood cells (erythroblasts) that do not want to work. It was serialized in Monthly Shōnen Sirius from July 26, 2017, to November 26, 2021. Cells at Work! Code Black


id: cells-at-work-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cells_at_Work!-4.md
category: reference
title: Cells at Work!
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cells_at_Work!
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:03.855473+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cells-at-work-20260505-0
summary:
An anime television series adaptation was announced in January 2018. It is directed by Kenichi Suzuki and animated by David Production, with scripts written by Suzuki and Yūko Kakihara, and character designs by Takahiko Yoshida. The series' music is composed by Kenichiro Suehiro and Mayuko. The anime series premiered on July 8, 2018, on Tokyo MX and other channels. The series ran for 13 episodes. Aniplex of America licensed the series in North America and simulcast it on Crunchyroll. Madman Entertainment simulcasted Australia and New Zealand on AnimeLab, while Muse Communication licensed the series in Southeast Asia and South Asia, and simulcasted it on Animax Asia. MVM Entertainment acquired the series for distribution in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The opening theme is "Mission! Health Comes First" (ミッション！ 健・康・第・イチ, Mission! Ken - Kō - Dai - Ichi) by Red Blood Cell (Kana Hanazawa / Cherami Leigh), White Blood Cell (Tomoaki Maeno / Billy Kametz), Killer T Cell (Daisuke Ono / Robbie Daymond), and Macrophage (Kikuko Inoue / Laura Post), while the ending theme is "CheerS" by ClariS. A special episode premiered on December 27, 2018. Aniplex of America released the English dub on August 27, 2019. On March 23, 2019,


id: cells-at-work-code-black-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cells_at_Work!_Code_Black-0.md
category: reference
title: Cells at Work! Code Black
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cells_at_Work!_Code_Black
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:05.032535+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cells-at-work-code-black-20260505-0
summary:
Cells at Work! Code Black (Japanese: はたらく細胞BLACK, Hepburn: Hataraku Saibō Burakku) is a Japanese manga series spin-off to Cells at Work! by Akane Shimizu. The manga was written by Shigemitsu Harada and illustrated by Issei Hatsuyoshiya. It was serialized in Kodansha's seinen manga magazine Morning from June 2018 to January 2021, and was licensed in North America by Kodansha USA. An anime television series adaptation produced by Liden Films aired from January 10 to March 21, 2021. == Plot == In contrast to the main series, which is set in a generally healthy human body, Cells at Work! Code Black is set in a "black" environment of an adult man suffering an unhealthy lifestyle. The story follows the anthropomorphic cells struggling to maintain the body against threats such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and sexually transmitted infections. == Characters == Erythrocyte / Red Blood Cell (AA2153) (赤血球, Sekkekkyū) Voiced by: Junya Enoki (Japanese); Kyle McCarley (English) Portrayed by: Rihito Itagaki AA2153 is one of the two protagonists. He is a rookie erythrocyte that had started working inside a poorly maintained body, and thus an abusive work environment. As a rookie, AA2153 was initially excited for his task of going to


id: checkpoint-tv-program-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checkpoint_(TV_program)-0.md
category: reference
title: Checkpoint (TV program)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checkpoint_(TV_program)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:06.590676+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: checkpoint-tv-program-20260505-0
summary:
Checkpoint was a Dutch children's TV show broadcast by the Evangelische Omroep on Zapp. It can be described as a jumble between Brainiac, Jackass and Fear Factor for youth. The show is presented by Klaas van Kruistum. In this show tests are carried out which can be sent in by the viewers. However, most tests are not based upon scientific methods. It is rather a show in which stunts are performed. The ninth season of Checkpoint aired in September 2014. == Structure and development == Since 2009, when the show aired for the first time, its structure has chanced a couple of times. During the first two seasons of Checkpoint, every episode consisted of three tests. The second one always was Boys vs Girls. In these tests the differences between boys and girls are scrutinized and it focussed on whether men or women are better in performing a certain task or function. The other two tests changed every episode and these focused on products being pinpointed. Since the third season, which was broadcast in Spring 2010, the structure changed, the number of items went up from three to about four. Also: recurring items were introduced, of which one featured a


id: crash-test-danny-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crash_Test_Danny-0.md
category: reference
title: Crash Test Danny
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crash_Test_Danny
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:07.830733+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: crash-test-danny-20260505-0
summary:
Crash Test Danny was a series of 13 educational science sketch television shows for the Discovery Kids channel in the UK. Danny, played by Ben Langley, is a crash test dummy who goes the extra mile to put the fizz into physics. He is both motivated and hindered by the Professor, played by Gary Carpenter (who also co-wrote the program). The shows were directed by Justin Rhodes, narrated by Jon Holmes, and series produced by Mark Robson at Initial Television. == References ==


id: cro-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cro_(TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Cro (TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cro_(TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:09.232372+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cro-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Cro is an American animated television series produced by the Children's Television Workshop (now known as Sesame Workshop) and Film Roman. It was partially funded by the National Science Foundation. Every episode has an educational theme, introducing basic concepts of physics, mechanical engineering, and technology. The show's narrator is an orange woolly mammoth named Phil who was found frozen in ice by a scientist named Dr. C and her assistant Mike. After they defrost him, Phil tells both of them about life in the Ice Age, including stories about his friend Cro, a Cro-Magnon boy. The show debuted on September 18, 1993, on ABC. ABC canceled the series in 1994, which caused the Children's Television Workshop to plan its own TV channel so that it would not have to rely on other companies to air its shows. The new channel, Noggin, debuted in 1999 and aired Cro reruns from its launch date until 2004. From 2000 to 2002, Cro also aired on Nickelodeon during the "Noggin on Nick" block. The series' story editors were Sindy McKay and Mark Zaslove, who was also the developer of the show. The premise of using woolly mammoths as a teaching tool for the principles


id: cro-tv-series-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cro_(TV_series)-1.md
category: reference
title: Cro (TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cro_(TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:09.232372+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cro-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
=== Modern-day characters === Phil (voiced by Jim Cummings) is a smart but goofy woolly mammoth with orange and reddish fur who is kind to humans and mammoths alike. During the end of the Ice Age, Phil fell into a glacier while saving Cro from Selene and was thawed out by Mike and Dr. C 45,000 years later. He narrates stories of his life in Woollyville in every episode. Dr. Cecilia (voiced by April Ortiz) is an eccentric female scientist. She and Mike thawed out Phil, so he tells them his stories. Dr. C speaks with a distinct Hispanic accent and speaks a few Spanish words in some episodes. She bears a resemblance to Cro and may in fact be his descendant. Mike (voiced by Jussie Smollett) is a young friend of Dr. C who wears big glasses. He likes to play basketball and lives with Dr. C for reasons not specified. He and Dr. C were the two people that thawed out Phil and therefore, he tells them his stories. === Villains === Big Red (voiced by Charlie Adler) is the conniving leader of a menacing pack of bumbling dire wolves. He uses threats to scare his minions into


id: the-curiosity-show-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Curiosity_Show-0.md
category: reference
title: The Curiosity Show
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Curiosity_Show
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:10.463907+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-curiosity-show-20260505-0
summary:
The Curiosity Show is an Australian educational children's television show produced from 1972 to 1990 and hosted by Rob Morrison and Deane Hutton. The show was produced by Banksia Productions in South Australia for the Nine Network. 500 episodes were produced across 19 seasons. Clips from episodes have been archived on YouTube for preservation. == History == Banksia Productions produced the popular children's series Here's Humphrey from 1965. The company planned to add some science segments in 1971 and sought assistance from the South Australian Institute of Technology. Rob Morrison and Deane Hutton were selected as presenters and the segments were introduced as Humphrey B Bear's Curiosity Show. After positive reception from the audience, Banksia Productions and the Nine Network agreed to produce a spin-off series. Planning commenced with the working title The F Show. Until the early 1970s, children's television was aimed at younger children. The broadcasting regulations were changed to require a proportion of programs to be aimed at school-age children, broadcast after school hours. This prompted the creation of the Curiosity Show as a separate show. The Curiosity Show was screened nationally in Australia as well as in Europe, Asia, and Australasia in 14 countries, and it


id: cyberchase-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberchase-0.md
category: reference
title: Cyberchase
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberchase
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:11.660164+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cyberchase-20260505-0
summary:
Cyberchase is an animated science fantasy children's television series that airs on PBS Kids. The series centers around three children from Earth: Jackie, Matt and Inez, who are brought into Cyberspace, a digital universe, in order to protect it from the villainous Hacker (Christopher Lloyd). They are able to foil Hacker's schemes by means of problem-solving skills in conjunction with basic mathematics, environmental science and wellness. In Cyberspace, they meet Digit (Gilbert Gottfried for the first thirteen seasons, later Ron Pardo as of the fourteenth), a "cybird" who helps them on their missions. Cyberchase was created by Sandra Sheppard, developed for children ages 8 to 11, and premiered on PBS Kids on January 21, 2002. In 2010, after season 8, Cyberchase went on hiatus, but it returned in 2013 for a ninth season, focusing more on environmental science. Cyberchase is the sixth longest-running animated series in the United States, behind The Simpsons, South Park, Family Guy, SpongeBob SquarePants, and Arthur. It also is the second longest-running animated PBS Kids series, behind Arthur. == Plot == Motherboard is the "brain of the giant computer system that oversees all of Cyberspace". Her technician computer scientist, Doctor Marbles, kept her functioning properly until


id: cyberchase-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberchase-1.md
category: reference
title: Cyberchase
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberchase
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:11.660164+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cyberchase-20260505-0
summary:
=== Villains === Hacker, also known as The Hacker (voiced by Christopher Lloyd), is a self-centered mad scientist bent on conquering or creating ultimate chaos for Cyberspace, but he is almost always thwarted by the CyberSquad. Hacker was originally created by Doctor Marbles to assist Motherboard, but he rebelled and was exiled to Northern Frontier. Nevertheless, he does have the potential to become good again, as shown in a pair of episodes where he became a peaceful artist and when he helped the CyberSquad protect the trees in the Northern Frontier. He has a pair of cyborg lackeys, Buzz and Delete, whose reliability is quite variable; sometimes, he gets very peeved when he has to do things himself as Buzz and Delete cannot. Buzz, nicknamed "Buzzy" (voiced by Len Carlson in seasons 1–5, Philip Williams in seasons 6–15, and Peter Cugno in season 16 onward), is one of Hacker's henchmen. Buzz is a small spherical cyborg with a large mouth and scrawny limbs. Buzz seems to think he is a big tough guy; however, he can be kind at times and loves doughnuts. In later seasons, he and Delete have been on friendlier terms with the CyberSquad, occasionally joining their


id: cyberchase-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberchase-2.md
category: reference
title: Cyberchase
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberchase
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:11.660164+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cyberchase-20260505-0
summary:
=== Cyberchase For Real === Each Cyberchase episode is followed by "Cyberchase For Real", a live-action educational supplement linking concepts learned in the show to real life experiences. The actors Bianca DeGroat and Matthew A. Wilson (known as Harry Wilson on the show) are in their 30s, but amusingly act in a manner similar to the age of the target audience. "For Real" is produced by WNET in and around New York City after production is completed on the animated segments. These "For Real" segments are broadcast exclusively on PBS in the United States where the program runs longer and fills the time gap where there might be breaks for "commercials". Some "For Real" segments can also be viewed online. In 2012, "Oh Noah", shorts that teach kids to speak Spanish, aired in place of the "For Real" segments on select episodes. Beginning with Season 11, DeGroat and Wilson were joined by Courtney Chu, who plays Harry's niece, and Jaden Michael, who plays Bianca's nephew. In later seasons, they assume the role of host for the live-action segments, along with other children, including Violet Tinnirello as Alex. == Development == === Conception === Cyberchase was conceived in 1999 as an


id: demonstrations-in-physics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstrations_in_Physics-0.md
category: reference
title: Demonstrations in Physics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstrations_in_Physics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:12.882385+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: demonstrations-in-physics-20260505-0
summary:
Demonstrations in Physics was an educational science series produced in Australia by ABC Television in 1969. The series was hosted by American scientist Julius Sumner Miller, who demonstrated experiments involving various disciplines in the world of physics. The series was also released in the United States under the title Science Demonstrations. This program was a series of 45 shows (approximately 15 minutes each) on various topics in physics, organized into 3 units: Mechanics; Heat and Temperature / Toys; and Waves and Sound / Electricity and Magnetism. == Episodes == Following is a listing of episode titles, as given by the index on one set of the videos (the titles as introduced by Professor Miller during the episode are often different). === Unit 1 - Mechanics === Episode 1. The Idea of the Center of Gravity Episode 2. Newton's First Law of Motion Episode 3. Newton's Second Law of Motion Episode 4. Newton's Third Law of Motion Episode 5. Energy and Momentum Episode 6. Concerning Falling Bodies and Projectiles Episode 7. The Simple Pendulum, Oscillating Things Episode 8. Adventures with Bernoulli Episode 9. Soap Bubbles and Soap Films Episode 10. Atmospheric Pressure - Properties of Gases Episode 11. Centrifugal Force and


id: discover-the-world-of-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discover:_The_World_of_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Discover: The World of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discover:_The_World_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:14.128212+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: discover-the-world-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
Discover: The World of Science is an American television show that ran between 1983 and 1990. Actor Peter Graves is the on-camera host and narrator of Discover: The World of Science, a monthly, one-hour magazine-style television series which provides a human perspective on new developments in robots, science, technology, medicine, the environment, behavior and natural history. The series was typically broadcast on Wednesday evenings at 8 PM on PBS. The series, with early episodes being underwritten by Atari and later episodes being underwritten by GTE, was produced by Chedd-Angier Productions in association with Discover Magazine. Peter Graves hosted 24 episodes of the series. Chedd-Angier succeeded this show with Scientific American Frontiers. The series was periodically spoofed on Saturday Night Live with comedian Phil Hartman portraying Peter Graves. == List of known episodes == == References == == Further reading == "Advertising: Gulf Oil Will Sponsor Discover TV Special". The New York Times. November 20, 1981. Unger, Arthur (August 27, 1982). "Of interest". Christian Science Monitor. on Sept. 13 through 17, a new syndicated science show will be appearing mostly on independent stations in the 57 top US markets. It is Discover: The World of Science, a one-hour special, the first


id: discoveries-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discoveries_(TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Discoveries (TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discoveries_(TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:15.346546+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: discoveries-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Discoveries is a Canadian youth science television series which aired on CBC Television in 1957. == Premise == This Winnipeg-produced science show was geared towards youth ages 12 to 14. Some episodes featured Manitoba Museum curator Dick Sutton presenting segments on nature and its history. In March 1957, the series featured Manitoba Telephone System executive R. P. Coats who demonstrated principles of telecommunications by presenting basic, easily constructed devices. University of Manitoba greenhouse operator Stan Westaway taught about plants, trees and vegetables during the May 1957 broadcasts. Rod Mackenzie, a Winnipeg secondary school teacher, hosted the final three episodes of Discoveries on the topic of electricity. This series is distinct from an Ann Arbor, Michigan-produced Discoveries science series which was presented by Mary Lela Grimes and broadcast on CBC Television from July to September 1959. == Scheduling == This 15-minute series was broadcast on Fridays at 5:00 p.m. (Eastern) from 8 February to 28 June 1957. == References == == External links == Allan, Blaine (1996). "Discoveries". Queen's University. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2010.


id: discovering-psychology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovering_Psychology-0.md
category: reference
title: Discovering Psychology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovering_Psychology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:17.148068+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: discovering-psychology-20260505-0
summary:
Discovering Psychology is a PBS documentary on psychology presented by Philip Zimbardo, for which he received the Carl Sagan Award for Public Understanding of Science. The series was released in 1990, with an updated edition comprising three additional episodes in 2001. == Episodes == Sensation and Perception Understanding Research Remembering and Forgetting Cognitive Processes Judgment and Decision Making Motivation and Emotion The Mind Awake and Asleep The Mind Hidden and Divided The Self Testing and Intelligence Sex and Gender Maturing and Aging The Power of the Situation Constructing Social Reality Psychopathology Psychotherapy Health, Mind, and Behavior Applying Psychology in Life Cognitive Neuroscience Cultural Psychology == References == == External links == Discovering Psychology companion website


id: doing-davinci-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doing_DaVinci-0.md
category: reference
title: Doing DaVinci
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doing_DaVinci
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:18.396654+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: doing-davinci-20260505-0
summary:
Doing DaVinci is a popular science television program originally aired on the Discovery Channel in which the hosts attempted to create many of Leonardo da Vinci's inventions. The show aired on a weekly schedule with the first episode broadcast on April 13, 2009. == Team == The inventions are created by a team of six members: Valek Sykes, a special effects expert and mechanical designer, actor, owner of Tech Works Studios and Exit Biohazard and Crime Scene Cleanup Bill Duggan, a carpenter and the host of Curb Appeal Flash Hopkins, an artist, builder, and long time Burning Man personality Jurgen Heimann, a designer and puppeteer Alan Bovinett, an entrepreneur and mechanical engineer. Terry Sandin, a mechanical and animatronics engineer and a host of Prototype This! The team consults with da Vinci researcher Jonathan Pevsner to understand the inventions and decide on materials for their construction. == Construction == The team first consults with Jonathan Pevsner to decide on materials and map out the basics of the design. The invention is then reconstructed in Autodesk Inventor and Autodesk's Digital Prototyping solutions. Then the team heads to a workshop to begin construction. After the invention is completed it is tested to determine


id: don-t-ask-me-tv-programme-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don't_Ask_Me_(TV_programme)-0.md
category: reference
title: Don't Ask Me (TV programme)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don't_Ask_Me_(TV_programme)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:19.556974+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: don-t-ask-me-tv-programme-20260505-0
summary:
Don't Ask Me is a popular British television science show made by Yorkshire Television for the ITV network and ran from 1974 to 1978. It attempted to answer science-based questions and contributors included Magnus Pyke (natural sciences), Rob Buckman (medicine), David Bellamy (biology), Miriam Stoppard (medicine), and Derek Griffiths. Those behind the scenes included Adam Hart-Davis, who later became a well-known science presenter in his own right. The theme music was "House of the King" by the contemporary Dutch progressive rock band Focus. The series was rebroadcast on TVOntario in the late 1970s and early 1980s. A follow-up called Don't Just Sit There ran for 19 episodes from 1979 to 1980. It was also produced by Yorkshire TV and featured the same panel. == References == == External links == Don't Ask Me at IMDb Carl Gardner, Robert M. Young. "Science on TV: a Critique". The Human Nature Review.


id: dragonflytv-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DragonflyTV-0.md
category: reference
title: DragonflyTV
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DragonflyTV
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:20.797676+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: dragonflytv-20260505-0
summary:
DragonflyTV (subtitled GPS: Going Places in Science for seasons 5–6, and Nano for season 7) is an American science education television series produced by Twin Cities Public Television. The show aired on PBS Kids from January 19, 2002, to December 20, 2008. It was aimed at ages 9–12. Seasons 1–4 were co-hosted by Michael Brandon Battle and Mariko Nakasone. Seasons 5–7 were hosted by Eric Artell and were produced in partnership with science museums. DragonflyTV was created in collaboration with Project Dragonfly at Miami University, which founded Dragonfly magazine, the first national magazine to feature children's investigations, experiments, and discoveries. DragonflyTV pioneered a "real kids, real science" approach to children's science television and led to the development of the SciGirls television series. DragonflyTV and SciGirls were funded in part by the National Science Foundation to provide a national forum for children's scientific investigations. Reruns of DragonflyTV aired on select PBS stations until 2019, and later in off-network syndication to allow commercial stations to meet federal E/I mandates. == Episodes == === Season 1 (2002) === === Season 2 (2003) === Teams of DFTV's kid scientists demonstrate different approaches to investigations – experimental, engineering, and observational. === Season 3 (2004) ===


id: dude-what-would-happen-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dude,_What_Would_Happen-0.md
category: reference
title: Dude, What Would Happen
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dude,_What_Would_Happen
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:22.123528+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: dude-what-would-happen-20260505-0
summary:
Dude, What Would Happen is an American live-action reality series that aired on Cartoon Network originally as part of its CN Real block, which aired a line of live-action reality shows promoted in the summer of 2009. The show premiered on August 19, 2009, preceded by another CN Real series Bobb'e Says. The show is hosted by three male teenagers (C.J. Manigo, Jackson Rogow, and Ali Sepasyar) who wondered what would happen if some wild event, scheme or experiment were to occur. The three teens attempt to create the event themselves and consult experts ("The Lab Dudes") when needed. The series went on to have three seasons aired throughout a span of two years, in which the series eventually ended in September 2011, as the series was not announced for a renewal by Cartoon Network. Dude, What Would Happen was one of only two CN Real shows (the other being Destroy Build Destroy) to have been renewed for additional seasons, as the other CN Real shows had already been cancelled earlier due to critically negative reception. == Cast == C.J. Manigo Jackson Rogow Ali Sepasyar == Production == In the "Dudes Make It Happen" weekend special, it was revealed that


id: dynamo-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DynaMo-0.md
category: reference
title: DynaMo
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DynaMo
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:23.288610+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: dynamo-20260505-0
summary:
DynaMo was a British children's educational programme created in 1998. It was broadcast by the BBC on the BBC Learning Zone. The programme was hosted by the eponymous cartoon dog DynaMo with his friend SlowMo to teach children aged 5–9 about English, maths, science and history. The programme was broadcast on BBC television from 3 October 1998 to 24 September 2001. == Programme == The concept came about from a BBC survey of 2,800 parents, teachers and children. The survey showed that parents were unwilling to assist children with homework due to not wanting to impose on them or risk upsetting teachers. DynaMo was created as a result. The programme designed for an eight week run on the BBC Learning Zone. It was created by the BBC to be a way for children to enjoy learning by involving cartoon characters and using educational clips from other BBC Education programmes. The programme was designed to follow the British National Curriculum. Hosted by the titular cartoon dog DynaMo and his friend SloMo, the two investigate a certain educational topic each episode. It was designed so that it could be watched by children alone or with their parents. The programme whilst part of


id: earth-revealed-introductory-geology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Revealed:_Introductory_Geology-0.md
category: reference
title: Earth Revealed: Introductory Geology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Revealed:_Introductory_Geology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:24.499061+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: earth-revealed-introductory-geology-20260505-0
summary:
Earth Revealed: Introductory Geology, originally titled Earth Revealed, is a 26-part video instructional series covering the processes and properties of the physical Earth, with particular attention given to the scientific theories underlying geological principles. The telecourse was produced by Intelecom and the Southern California Consortium, was funded by the Annenberg/CPB Project, and first aired on PBS in 1992 with the title Earth Revealed. All 26 episodes are hosted by Dr. James L. Sadd, professor of environmental science at Occidental College in Los Angeles, California. Some footage used in Earth Revealed previously had been seen in the 1986 PBS series Planet Earth. == Episodes == === Module I: Introduction (February 17–24, 1992) === 1. "Down to Earth" – Beginning by comparing surface conditions on the planets Venus and Mars with the living landscapes of the Earth to highlight how unique the Earth is, the episode describes the goal of the study of geology and introduces major topics the series addresses, including the Earth's heat engines, plate tectonics, volcanism, earthquakes and seismology, erosion, and natural resources such as groundwater. 2. "The Restless Planet" – The episode discusses the development of astronomical theory, including the geocentrist views of astronomers in ancient Greece and


id: earth-revealed-introductory-geology-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Revealed:_Introductory_Geology-1.md
category: reference
title: Earth Revealed: Introductory Geology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Revealed:_Introductory_Geology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:24.499061+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: earth-revealed-introductory-geology-20260505-0
summary:
=== Module IV: The Rock Cycle (May 4, 1992-June 15, 1992) === 12. "Minerals: The Materials of Earth" – The episode examines the variety of minerals, their atomic and crystalline structures, and their physical properties such as color, hardness, luster, cleavage, and streak. It also describes how petrologists section rocks and discusses hydrothermal solutions, the precipitation of metallic minerals, gems, precious metals, the formation and excavation of ores, and the value of silicates. 13. "Volcanism" – The episode describes volcanic processes, how tectonic plate boundaries are related to volcanism, and how volcanoes provide geologists with clues as to what is happening within the Earth. It also surveys the various types of volcanic eruptions, craters, cones, and vents, lava domes, magma, rift zones, volcanic rock, the relationship of volcanoes to ore deposits and geothermal energy, and the clues that volcanologists use to predict eruptions. 14. "Intrusive Igneous Rocks' – The episode examines the process in which magma seeps into crevices in existing rock and cools to form dikes of intrusive igneous rock without ever extruding onto the Earth's surface and how plate tectonics play a role in the process. It also discusses the formation and types of magma, xenoliths, batholiths, igneous


id: earth-revealed-introductory-geology-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Revealed:_Introductory_Geology-2.md
category: reference
title: Earth Revealed: Introductory Geology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Revealed:_Introductory_Geology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:24.499061+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: earth-revealed-introductory-geology-20260505-0
summary:
=== Module VI: Living With Earth (August 3–10, 1992) === 25. "Living With Earth: The Loma Prieta Earthquake" – The episode uses the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake in California as the starting point for a discussion of how humans are learning to cope with earthquakes, methods of studying earthquakes, and how various groups and agencies are studying the San Andreas Fault and the damage caused along its path during the Loma Prieta earthquake to better understand how earthquakes affect the land, buildings, and people. It also discusses aftershocks, liquefaction, scientific concerns about the Hayward Fault, the cause of most human casualties during earthquakes, and what can be done to limit casualties and property damage in the event of an earthquake. 26. "Living With Earth: Preserving the Legacy" – The episode discusses the impact on the Earth of the Industrial Revolution, as well as where petroleum comes from, how it is discovered and extracted, and how it is converted into energy, and the effects on the Earth of oil drilling and the burning of fossil fuels. It also examines the potential of alternative energy sources, including the pros and cons of, and problems related to, the exploitation of geothermal energy. ==


id: elinor-wonders-why-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elinor_Wonders_Why-0.md
category: reference
title: Elinor Wonders Why
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elinor_Wonders_Why
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:25.727302+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: elinor-wonders-why-20260505-0
summary:
Elinor Wonders Why is an animated television series created by Jorge Cham and Daniel Whiteson. The series premiered on September 7, 2020 from PBS Kids. == Overview == The exploration-themed show encourages children to follow their curiosity, ask questions when they don't understand, and find answers using science inquiry skills. The main character, Elinor, is the most observant and curious bunny rabbit in Animal Town just north of Natural Forest, California. She introduces children ages 3–6 to science, nature, and communities through adventures with her friends Olive and Ari. Each episode includes two 11-minute animated stories, plus interstitial content, where Elinor and her classmates enjoy either Señor Tapir singing about famous nature explorers or Ms. Mole reading stories. == Characters == === Main === Elinor Rabbit (voiced by Markeda McKay) – A white bunny girl with an inquisitive nature and a sweet personality. Ari Bat (voiced by Wyatt White in season 1, and Athan Giazitzidis in season 2) – A funny, imaginative light brown bat boy who lives in a hollow boulder, and is one of Elinor's best friends. Olive Elephant (voiced by Maria Nash in season 1, and Lizette Chambers in season 2) – An elephant calf girl who


id: emily-s-wonder-lab-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily's_Wonder_Lab-0.md
category: reference
title: Emily's Wonder Lab
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily's_Wonder_Lab
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:26.970449+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: emily-s-wonder-lab-20260505-0
summary:
Emily's Wonder Lab is an educational television series starring Mason Wells, Sky Alexis, Zaela Rae, Kennedi Butler and Makenzie Lee-Foster, with Emily Calandrelli as host. It premiered on August 25, 2020 on Netflix. On July 13, 2021, the series was canceled after just one season. == Cast == Emily Calandrelli Mason Wells Sky Alexis Kennedi Butler Makenzie Lee-Foster Arya Darbahani Zaela Rae Alex Jayne Go Tenz McCall Olivia Coates Christopher Farrar Jayden Langarica == Episodes == == Release == Emily's Wonder Lab was released on August 25, 2020, on Netflix. == References == == External links == Emily's Wonder Lab on Netflix Emily's Wonder Lab at IMDb


id: eureka-british-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eureka_(British_TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Eureka (British TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eureka_(British_TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:28.195776+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: eureka-british-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Eureka (sometimes referred to as Eureka!) is a British educational television series about science and inventiveness which was originally produced and broadcast by the BBC from 1982 to 1986, and repeated until 1987. Devised and written by Clive Doig and Jeremy Beadle, the series told the stories behind the inventions of commonplace objects. == Cast == Presented by Jeremy Beadle (series 1, 1982), then Sarah Greene (series 2, 1983), Paul McDowell (series 2 and 3, 1983 and 1985) and Wilf Lunn (series 4, 1986), the show featured an ensemble cast who re-enacted the moments of invention or performed humorous sketches to deliver key facts and information. Notable cast members included Sylvester McCoy, Simon Gipps-Kent, Bernard Holley, Madeline Smith, Mike Savage, Julia Binsted, Philip Fox and Jackie Clarke. Each show also featured a segment showcasing a madcap and not always reliable invention by Wilf Lunn often to the bemusement of McCoy or another of the regular cast. In the fourth and final series, the format changed slightly and Lunn became the presenter, playing the Doctor of Alternative Invention at the Eureka Museum of Invention. == References == == External links == http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/classic/titles/eureka.shtml The show's title sequence Eureka at IMDb https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDzadukw-u4 'The


id: eureka-tv-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eureka_TV-0.md
category: reference
title: Eureka TV
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eureka_TV
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:29.378614+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: eureka-tv-20260505-0
summary:
Eureka TV is a British children's television series about science that ran from 2001 to 2005 on the children's TV channel CBBC. == Presenters == Fearne Cotton (series 1–2) 2001-2003 Kate Heavenor (series 1–3) 2001-2005 Mohini Sule (series 3) 2004-2005 == Features == High Tech Eureka The latest technology. Micro Eureka Showed an everyday object, magnified hundreds of times. Little Eureka A science experiment using everyday objects. Wild Eureka About animals. Big Eureka Mysteries from the world of science. Paper Eureka Things to do with an A4 sheet of paper. == Eureka Mondays == Presenters Mohini Sule – main morning presenter Sophie McDonell – helper morning presenter/morning continuity presenter Kate Heavenor – main afternoon presenter Angellica Bell – afternoon continuity presenter Andrew Hayden-Smith – helper afternoon presenter/afternoon continuity Holly Willoughby – relief presenter for all areas == Series == === Series 1 (2001-2002) === The first series aired on 24 September 2001 and ended on 17 December 2001. The series was presented by Kate Heavenor and Fearne Cotton. This series had all of the features above except for Paper and Micro Eureka. === Series 2 (2003) === The series was the second which aired midway through 2003, it was put


id: exploring-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploring_(TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Exploring (TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploring_(TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:30.578544+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: exploring-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Exploring is a Saturday morning children's educational series in color that appeared on NBC television on Saturday afternoons from October 13, 1962 to April 9, 1966. The NBC News series, which was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1964 and won a Peabody Award in 1963, featured segments about science and the arts. The series was hosted by Dr. Albert Hibbs, a scientist and educator. Mary Ritts and Paul Ritts were puppeteers on the show; Paul performed Albert, Calvin and Sir Geoffrey, while Mary played Magnolia. Besides the Ritts puppets, the series also featured short films, animated versions of famous legends (by John David Wilson), and music Millard Research Associates produced a printed copy of their survey results which found over 600,000 Exploring Teachers Guides were requested for teachers in major school districts all across the country (they were free). A Millard survey found 86% of the teachers requesting the Guides were assigning the Saturday morning program for family viewing. This was the first instance of proving you could change ratings with Teachers Guides. This was done again on CBS with the Teachers Guides to the 21st Century (Young and Rubicon researched this) and later on PBS. == References ==


id: the-eyes-of-nye-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Eyes_of_Nye-0.md
category: reference
title: The Eyes of Nye
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Eyes_of_Nye
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:31.812822+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-eyes-of-nye-20260505-0
summary:
The Eyes of Nye is a science program that aired on public television in the United States in 2005 and featured Bill Nye. The show had an older target audience than its predecessor Bill Nye the Science Guy, aimed more toward adults and teenagers than children. The creation of the show was motivated by the success of Bill Nye the Science Guy, as well as a widespread contempt among scientists for scientific journalism in the media. The program was based in Seattle, Washington, produced by Buena Vista Television, and broadcast during Prime time by KCTS, the local PBS affiliate. == Recurring segments == Straight Talk: Parodies interview shows like Larry King Live. The guest is always a deep-voiced, overbearing senator whose opinion fluctuates quite wildly with each question. Opinions Now with Chris David: Parodies "debate" shows like Hardball with Chris Matthews. The host is very loud, constantly leans forward and glares at the camera, and demands solid answers, or at least strong opinions, at all times. Taking a jab at modern television news shows, the more level-headed and cautious experts are often ignored in favor of other guests with more extreme and livid views on the subject at hand. Science


id: eyewitness-british-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyewitness_(British_TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Eyewitness (British TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyewitness_(British_TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:33.123507+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: eyewitness-british-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Eyewitness is a nature and science television series based on the bestselling Eyewitness Books series by Dorling Kindersley. It was produced by the BBC, DK Vision (the video production arm of Dorling Kindersley) and Oregon Public Broadcasting. Guy Michelmore composed the series' opening and ending themes, as well as the score for each individual episode of Season 1, with Guy Dagul writing the score for each individual episode of seasons 2 and 3, respectively. Dagul's scores for season 3 also incorporated stock music tracks and cues by Dick DeBenedictis. The series aired from 1995 to 1998 (seasons 1–3) on PBS in the United States and from 1995 to 1996 (seasons 1–2) on Disney Channel in the United Kingdom. == Premise == Eyewitness is a documentary series. Each half-hour episode focuses on a single subject in the field of natural science, such as the Solar System or the various functions of the human body, similar in form to the book series on which it was based, with most being based, in part or in whole, off of existing book titles at the time, with few exceptions (though some titles, such as "Planets" and "Natural Disaster" started off as episodes and were


id: fetch-with-ruff-ruffman-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetch!_with_Ruff_Ruffman-0.md
category: reference
title: Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetch!_with_Ruff_Ruffman
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:34.319880+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: fetch-with-ruff-ruffman-20260505-0
summary:
Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman (sometimes shortened as Fetch!) is an American live-action/animated television series that aired on PBS Kids Go! and is largely targeted toward children ages 6–10. It is a reality competition hosted by Ruff Ruffman, an animated anthropomorphic dog who dispenses challenges to the show's real-life contestants. The series aired from May 29, 2006, to November 4, 2010, on PBS across five seasons and 100 episodes, and featured 30 contestants. Although a sixth season was planned, with auditions taking place in January 2010, WGBH announced on June 14, 2010, that the series would end due to lack of funding. In June 2008, the series received its first Emmy for Best Original Song for its theme. == Premise == Fetch! is a reality-based game show where young contestants (ages 10–14) face various challenges to gain points. During these challenges, they must complete various tasks assigned to them ahead of time and on the fly by Ruff and surrogates, depending on the situation. There is also an educational component, as contestants often must learn something, such as astronomy, puzzles, carpentry, engineering, food science, biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics, to complete the task. Unlike most reality competition shows, there were no


id: fetch-with-ruff-ruffman-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetch!_with_Ruff_Ruffman-1.md
category: reference
title: Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetch!_with_Ruff_Ruffman
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:34.319880+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: fetch-with-ruff-ruffman-20260505-0
summary:
Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman contains many cultural references, which make up most of its comedic style. In the season 2 premiere, when Nina does a sloppy job at making chocolate candy, Ruff remarks that it is "Jackson Pollock candy." In the following episode, he mentions that he likes REO Speedwagon. In season 2, episode 4, when Rosario voiced Ruff for the first time, Ruff remarked: "Is that Ruff Ruffman or Marge Simpson?" In season 2, episode 15, when the scuba instructors arrived at the beach, Ruff claimed that they were "faster than Batman" and that he "hoped [Batman] was watching the show". In season 3, episode 13, when Sam and Harsha throw sacks in a pail, Ruff states, "I feel like Shaq in the free throw line", referencing Shaquille O' Neal. In season 4, episode 14, when Talia finds a horseshoe crab while working on a shrimp boat, Ruff states that it "Looks like Darth Vader's face with a billion legs coming out of it!" In season 4, episode 16, when Ruff calls Isaac, who is dressed as an old lady, he accidentally calls him Mrs. Doubtfire before correcting himself and calling him Mrs. Issacson. In season 4, episode 17,


id: fetch-with-ruff-ruffman-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetch!_with_Ruff_Ruffman-2.md
category: reference
title: Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetch!_with_Ruff_Ruffman
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:34.319880+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: fetch-with-ruff-ruffman-20260505-0
summary:
=== Supporting === Grandma Ruffman (voiced by Jim Conroy) is Ruff and Scruff's grandmother, who speaks with a Long Island accent. She loves Ruff, but can be very critical at times. Like her son and daughter-in-law, Wink and Dinah Ruffman, she was a game show host/spy in her youth. Scruff Ruffman (voiced by Jim Conroy) is Ruff's identical evil twin brother, who is distinguished from him by a five-o'clock shadow. Throughout the show's run, Scruff becomes less evil and seeks to redeem himself and his family name. This likely stems from his girlfriend Petunia Fidolopolus framing Grandma Ruffman for trying to break Scruff out of prison. In season 5, he is paroled and is currently living under Grandma Ruffman's custody. Ruffael Ruffmanowitz (voiced by Jim Conroy) is Ruff's great-great-great-great-great-great grandfather, who was an inventor. Great Uncle McRuffmantosh (voiced by Jim Conroy) is Ruff's great-uncle who has a beard and has an exaggerated Scottish accent. He is a scholar with a Ph.D., and usually appears on the show for historical challenges. Spot Spotnik is Ruff's rival, who is tan with brown spots. Ruff sometimes sees him as his old friend, but he is shown to be devious and will do anything


id: fetch-with-ruff-ruffman-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetch!_with_Ruff_Ruffman-3.md
category: reference
title: Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetch!_with_Ruff_Ruffman
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:34.319880+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: fetch-with-ruff-ruffman-20260505-0
summary:
=== Studio G set === Studio G is the studio for Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman. Three segments of the show take place in the studio – the intro, half-time quiz show, and "Triumph Tally". In season 1, the contestants recognized that Studio G looked like a garage and asked Ruff why. This really annoyed Ruff, who told them it was not a garage but "Studio G". Throughout the show's five seasons, the studio changed. For seasons 1 and 2, the studio remained relatively unaltered, but sizable changes were made to the studio for season 3. The television through which the contestants communicate with Ruff was changed to a more current flat-screen TV, and Ruff's owner parked her car, a dusty Volkswagen Karmann Ghia, in the studio. A flamingo and trees as well as a "Studio G" sign and a "wall of fame" displaying past Fetch! contestant season winners were added to the studio in season 2. In season 4, a new remote control mailbox was placed on the TV Screen, which popped out when a challenge was in the mailbox. Season 5's major renovation occurred during the season finale – it became the Go Get It! studio (Studio P), and


id: fetch-with-ruff-ruffman-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetch!_with_Ruff_Ruffman-4.md
category: reference
title: Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetch!_with_Ruff_Ruffman
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:34.319880+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: fetch-with-ruff-ruffman-20260505-0
summary:
=== Critical response === The show was an instant hit with audiences and received critical acclaim. The New York Times praised the series, writing "The show’s creators have written in all the sarcasm and amazingness of a more sophisticated and harder-edged show, but not in a way that condones such behavior. There’s a kind of genius to the setup." Larisa Wiseman of Common Sense Media gave the series four out of five stars, saying this entertaining PBS series combines the comedy of a cartoon, the challenge of a game show, and the best of reality TV. === Awards and accolades === Fetch! has received numerous awards over the years. APEX 2009: Grand Award for The Ruff Guide to Science U.S. International Film and Video Festival 2009: "Certificate for Creative Excellence" in the Children's Programming category 2009 Daytime Emmy Nominations: Outstanding Children's Series, Outstanding Writing in a Children's Series, Outstanding Achievement in Main Title and Graphic Design iParenting Media Award 2009: Winner – Television "2009 Best Products" Parents' Choice Awards 2009: Silver Honor Winner: TV show WorldFest Houston 2009: Gold Remi Award "TV Series – Family/Children" WorldFest Houston 2009: Platinum Remi Award "TV Series – Family/Children" MITX Award 2008: Winner –


id: the-fixies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fixies-0.md
category: reference
title: The Fixies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fixies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:35.537708+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-fixies-20260505-0
summary:
The Fixies (Russian: Фиксики, romanized: Fiksiki) is a Russian animated children's television series based on The Little Warranty People by Eduard Uspensky. The series premiered on 13 December 2010 as a segment on the television show Good Night, Little Ones! on Russia-1 and Bibigon. The series was created by Alexander Tatarsky and is produced by Aeroplane Productions. == Premise == The Fixies centers around the adventures of little people called fixies (a portmanteau of "fix" and "pixie") who live inside various devices and keep them in order with their technical knowledge. Each episode focuses on a particular everyday device and involves the fixies explaining what it is, how it works, and how to safely use it. One of the protagonists is Tom Thomas, who managed to make friends with fixies named Simka and Nolik. To learn more about different things, they are helped by older fixies—their parents Papus and Masiya, as well as Grandpus. At the same time, Tom Thomas is obliged to keep the fixies' existence a secret from everyone else and to protect them from his dog Chewsocka. In the second season, new characters were introduced—four classmates of Simka and Nolik: Fire, Verta, Digit, and Toola, as well


id: fur-feather-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_&_Feather-0.md
category: reference
title: Fur & Feather
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_&_Feather
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:36.833289+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: fur-feather-20260505-0
summary:
Fur & Feather is a Canadian children's television series about animals which aired on CBC Television from 1955 to 1956. It was hosted by Ian McTaggart-Cowan who headed the Zoology Department at the University of British Columbia. == Scheduling == The Vancouver-produced series aired on Wednesdays at 5:00 p.m. from 6 July 1955 to 21 September 1955, then aired Mondays at 4:30 p.m. from 26 September 1955 until 25 June 1956. The debut episode featured penguins. McTaggart-Cowan was joined by David Maxwell on some episodes. == Selected episodes == == References == == External links == Fur & Feather at University of Victoria Libraries, selected episodes


id: future-fantastic-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_Fantastic-0.md
category: reference
title: Future Fantastic
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_Fantastic
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:37.982117+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: future-fantastic-20260505-0
summary:
Future Fantastic was a British documentary television series which premiered in 1996. This show looked at the how science and science fiction complement each other, and how ideas and technologies from the past are helping to shape our future. The series was narrated by Gillian Anderson and co-produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation, The Learning Channel and Pro Sieben. == Episodes == === "Alien" === Alien: Discusses the possibility of encountering intelligent life on other planets. Interviewed Story Musgrave (astronaught), Seth Shostak (astronomer), Frank Drake (astronomer), Jill Tarter (astronomer), Arthur C. Clarke (author), Richard F. Haines (scientist), Robert Sheaffer (UFO investigator), Jack Cohen (biologist), John Clute (author), David Bischoff (author), Glenn Campbell (Area 51 Investigator), Bob Lazar (engineer) This episode was first broadcast on 21 June 1996. === "I, Robot" === I, Robot: Discusses the evolving and growing role of artificial intelligence, computers, and robots in our everyday life. Interviewed Joe Engelberger (roboticist), Red Whittaker (roboticist), Marvin Minsky (cognitive scientist), Hans Moravec (computer scientist), Takeo Kanade (roboticist), Kevin Warwick (roboticist), Rodney Brooks (roboticist) This episode was first broadcast on 28 June 1996. === "Starman" === Starman: Looks at how we might eventually reach the stars. Interviewed Nick Argento (historian), Arthur


id: future-kid-takara-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_Kid_Takara-0.md
category: reference
title: Future Kid Takara
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_Kid_Takara
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:39.279940+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: future-kid-takara-20260505-0
summary:
Future Kid Takara is a Japanese original anime television series produced by NHK Enterprises and Beyond C. and animated by Studio 4°C. The series is directed by Yuta Sano, produced by Shun Hasegawa, and written by Shinji Obara, with original character designs handled by Shinji Kimura. The 11-episode short-form series originally premiered at the Osaka World Expo on September 25, 2025, and it aired between November 8 and 9 of the same year on NHK Educational TV. The theme song is "Chikyu no Namida" (地球のなみだ) performed by Yuki Kaji and Honoka Yoshida. == Characters == Takara (タカラ) Voiced by: Yuki Kaji Sara (サラ) Voiced by: Honoka Yoshida Sugar (シュガー, Shugā) Voiced by: Keiko Toda Dr. Amory (エイモリー博士, Eimorī Hakase) Voiced by: Yūki Kaji Naomi (ナオミ) Voiced by: Keiko Toda Genji (源じぃ) Voiced by: Yūki Kaji Announcer (アナウンサー, Anaunsā) Voiced by: Keiko Toda Ranfo (ランフォ) == References == == External links == Anime official website (in Japanese) Future Kid Takara (anime) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia


id: genius-american-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genius_(American_TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Genius (American TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genius_(American_TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:40.696442+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: genius-american-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Genius is an American biographical anthology drama series developed by Noah Pink and Kenneth Biller which premiered on National Geographic. The first season, which aired between April and June 2017, followed the life of Albert Einstein, from his early years, through his time as a patent clerk, and into his later years as a physicist who developed the theory of relativity; the season is based on the 2007 book Einstein: His Life and Universe by Walter Isaacson. The second season, which aired between April and June 2018, followed the life and artistry of Pablo Picasso. In April 2018, National Geographic renewed the series for a third season. The season was originally supposed to focus on Mary Shelley, but this was changed during development to instead focus on Aretha Franklin. It aired in March 2021. In December 2020, the series was renewed for a fourth season to be released on National Geographic and Disney+. The fourth season follows the lives of Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X and premiered on February 1, 2024. Throughout the years the series received several nominations and accolades, including two Primetime Emmy Awards and an NAACP Image Awards. == Synopsis == The first season chronicles


id: genius-american-tv-series-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genius_(American_TV_series)-1.md
category: reference
title: Genius (American TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genius_(American_TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:40.696442+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: genius-american-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
==== Season 4 ==== In September 2022, the cast was announced, with Kelvin Harrison Jr. and Aaron Pierre set to star as Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X respectively, while Weruche Opia was cast as Coretta Scott King and Jayme Lawson as Betty Shabazz. In November, Ron Cephas Jones, Gary Carr and Hubert Point-Du Jour were added to the main cast for the season, with Lennie James, LisaGay Hamilton, Ashley Romans, Donal Logue and Griffin Matthews joining in recurring roles. Jalyn Hall was cast as a younger Martin Luther King Jr. in December. === Filming === Principal photography for season one took place in mid-2016 in Prague. Filming for season two began in November 2017 in Málaga and was expected to take place for over five months in various cities around the world, including Barcelona, Paris, and Budapest. Filming for the third season was set to commence in November 2019, for an early-2020 release. In March 2020, the production was shelved due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The series resumed production on October 1, 2020. === Music === Most of Franklin's music in season three was recorded by Erivo. However, the producers were unable to obtain the rights to use


id: genius-by-stephen-hawking-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genius_by_Stephen_Hawking-0.md
category: reference
title: Genius by Stephen Hawking
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genius_by_Stephen_Hawking
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:41.880518+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: genius-by-stephen-hawking-20260505-0
summary:
Genius by Stephen Hawking is a television series aired on PBS hosted by Stephen Hawking. It premiered on May 18, 2016, and ended on June 1, 2016, with only one season being produced before Hawking's death in 2018. == Premise == Genius by Stephen Hawking is a series that first aired on PBS on Wednesdays, from May 18 to June 1, 2016. Professor Stephen Hawking challenges volunteers to think like geniuses and solve some of humanity's most enduring questions. What, Why, Where, are We (as in humanity) are covered, as well as Are We Alone and Can We Time Travel. Generally three volunteers with these questions are followed as they try to find the answers to their questions. The idea is to teach the volunteers and watchers how to think like a genius. All are G-rated TV hour episodes originally aired in pairs. == Episodes == == References == == External links == Genius by Stephen Hawking PBS https://www.pbs.org/show/genius-stephen-hawking/ http://www.metacritic.com/tv/genius-by-stephen-hawking


id: a-glorious-accident-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Glorious_Accident-0.md
category: reference
title: A Glorious Accident
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Glorious_Accident
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:43.120767+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: a-glorious-accident-20260505-0
summary:
Een schitterend ongeluk (translated "A Glorious Accident" in English) was a 1993 documentary series featuring six prominent scientists and philosophers. Hosted by Wim Kayzer, a Dutch television producer, and filmed in seven parts, A Glorious Accident included interviews with Daniel Dennett, Freeman Dyson, Stephen Jay Gould, Oliver Sacks, Rupert Sheldrake, and Stephen Toulmin. During six individual interviews with each guest and a final round table, the attendees discussed their vision of their work and the world with the central themes introduced by Kayzer: "How far did you come in your understanding of our thoughts and actions? What did science really bring us at the end of the 20th century: knowledge or also understanding?" "What is consciousness?" "What is memory?" The roundtable discussion was filmed in the Netherlands. The film was released by VPRO and produced by Nellie Kamer and Wim Kayzer. The film broke viewing records in the Netherlands in 1993. In the United States, A Glorious Accident was broadcast twice in June 1994 on PBS member station WNET. In September 1996, PBS member station KCET in Los Angeles also broadcast the series. The film was over 15 hours in length. The title phrase "glorious accident" is attributed to Stephen


id: hjernevask-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjernevask-0.md
category: reference
title: Hjernevask
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjernevask
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:44.839481+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: hjernevask-20260505-0
summary:
Hjernevask ("Brainwash") is a Norwegian documentary miniseries about science that aired on NRK1 in 2010. The series, consisting of seven episodes, was created for NRK and presented by the comedian and sociologist Harald Eia. The series contrasted cultural determinist models of human behavior (also referred to as the Standard social science model) with nature-nurture interactionist perspectives. In support of the cultural determinist perspective it interviewed mainly Norwegian humanities scholars, in particular literary theorist Jørgen Lorentzen at the Centre for Gender Research. Experts interviewed for the series in support of a nature-nurture interactionist perspective included Simon Baron-Cohen, Steven Pinker, Simon LeVay, David Buss, Glenn Wilson, Robert Plomin and Anne Campbell. This ignited a wide public discussion on the subject of the nature versus nurture debate, and especially focused on the views expressed by Lorentzen. The entire series has since been released online. == Objectives and awards == Eia and coproducer Ole Martin Ihle have named Steven Pinker's book The Blank Slate as an inspiration for the documentary series. The series was a huge success, and Eia was awarded the Fritt Ord Award for "having precipitated one of the most heated debates on research in recent times". == Episodes == The producers


id: hot-dog-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Dog_(TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Hot Dog (TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Dog_(TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:46.040213+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: hot-dog-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Hot Dog was a Saturday morning documentary series for children, seen on NBC from September 12, 1970 to September 4, 1971. Created by Frank Buxton and co-produced by Buxton and Lee Mendelson, the program was notable for its hosts – comedienne Jo Anne Worley, comedian Jonathan Winters and writer and actor Woody Allen. The pilot, televised on March 28, 1970, starred Worley, Allen and Tom Smothers, who was replaced with Winters when the show became a series. Based on Buxton's travels as a comedian (and later, as host of the ABC series Discovery), which took him on tours to various factories, Hot Dog explained, in a humorous manner, how we do things (such as snore) and how things were made (such as the eponymous hot dogs and their buns, plus condiments like mustard). Seventy topics were covered during the course of this series, which lasted 13 episodes and was rerun the rest of the season. NBC won a Peabody Award for the series in 1970. Some of the music in this series was performed by The Youngbloods. == Syndication and alternate versions == Reruns of Hot Dog were syndicated during the 1977–1978 television season, at a time when Allen had


id: the-investigators-british-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Investigators_(British_TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: The Investigators (British TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Investigators_(British_TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:47.209849+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-investigators-british-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
The Investigators is a BAFTA-nominated children's science program, presented by children, on Channel 4 in Great Britain. It showed various interesting experiments from how to blow a balloon up with yeast to building bridges. Other experiments included on the program were making salmon flavoured ice cream and making periscopes. It aired on Saturday morning. == References == == External links == The Investigators at IMDb


id: the-johns-hopkins-science-review-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Johns_Hopkins_Science_Review-0.md
category: reference
title: The Johns Hopkins Science Review
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Johns_Hopkins_Science_Review
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:48.864978+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-johns-hopkins-science-review-20260505-0
summary:
The Johns Hopkins Science Review is an American television series about science that was produced at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland from 1948-1955. Starting in 1950, the series aired on the DuMont Television Network until the network's demise in 1955. The series' creator was Lynn Poole, who wrote or co-wrote most of its episodes and acted as the on-camera host. The original series was followed by three related series produced by Poole at Johns Hopkins University: Tomorrow (1955), Tomorrow's Careers (1955–1956), and Johns Hopkins File 7 (1956–1960). Johns Hopkins University ended its production of television series in 1960. == Broadcast history == The original series aired from March 9, 1948, to March 6, 1955. Initially, the show was broadcast only in the Baltimore area. Starting with the December 17, 1948, episode, shows were broadcast by CBS from stations along the East Coast. As was typical in the early days of television broadcasting, each show was broadcast live from a studio at Johns Hopkins University. Each week's show involved one or more guests, often from the Johns Hopkins faculty and staff. Poole acted as the host and interviewer. The guest might show how a scientific apparatus such an electron microscope


id: die-knoff-hoff-show-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Knoff-Hoff-Show-0.md
category: reference
title: Die Knoff-Hoff-Show
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Knoff-Hoff-Show
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:50.124408+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: die-knoff-hoff-show-20260505-0
summary:
Die Knoff-Hoff-Show was a comedy science TV show on the German public broadcaster ZDF. The original series was broadcast between 1986 and 1999; it returned as Die große Knoff-Hoff-Show in 2002–04. The name is a joke German pronunciation of the English expression know-how. == Concept == The concept of the show was developed in the mid-1980s by Joachim Bublath, a TV presenter trained as a physicist. He was a presenter in all episodes. His co-presenters were Ramona Leiß, Babette Einstmann, Monica Lierhaus and Kim Fisher. The show explained scientific concepts by means of simple experiments that anyone could replicate. In addition, hobbyists were given the opportunity to present their inventions; these included a pretzel-cutting machine and a foam-throwing machine. Each week, the show included some "crazy" experiments by Knoff-Hoff Professor Charlie (played by Egon Keresztes); these were so absurd, they frequently went wrong. The Veterinary Street Jazz Band played the theme tune, an interpretation of the 1927 song "Ain’t She Sweet", first recorded by Lou Gold & His Orchestra, at the start and end of the program, and also brief musical interludes between segments. Die Knoff-Hoff-Show rapidly became one of the most successful science shows on German television. It was


id: les-aventures-lectriques-de-zeltron-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Aventures_électriques_de_Zeltron-0.md
category: reference
title: Les Aventures électriques de Zeltron
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Aventures_électriques_de_Zeltron
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:51.407939+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: les-aventures-lectriques-de-zeltron-20260505-0
summary:
Les Aventures électriques de Zeltron is an educational children's television series broadcast on Antenne 2's Récré A2 program in France and TVJQ in Quebec, Canada. The show was sponsored by Électricité de France (EDF) and was produced from 1979 to 1982. The companies D-3-mil and CIP Vidéo worked on the show and the staff included Marcel Dupouy. The show features an extraterrestrial named Zeltron (voiced by Michel Elias), who resembles a small greeninsulator with orange limbs and a bolt on top of his blue head, as he teaches electricity-related subjects and history. Some episodes include his adventures and conversations with Jo and Jessie, a boy and girl living on Earth. Episodes end with a question the viewer can answer through postcard. Another character is the robot Voltix. In the show's production, Zeltron and Voltix are marionettes with different colors than they appear in the show. A process was used to achieve cartoon-like visuals for the two characters. Early in the show's run, the backgrounds were illustrated before switching to reel footage. The character Zeltron was created by François Castan and made earlier appearances at the Salon de l'enfance and Les Visiteurs du mercredi in 1978. Zeltron was merchandised through products


id: life-on-fire-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_on_Fire-0.md
category: reference
title: Life on Fire
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_on_Fire
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:52.599899+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: life-on-fire-20260505-0
summary:
Life on Fire is a six-part television documentary series, created in 2009–12, about volcanoes. It was directed by Bertrand Loyer, Jacques Bedel, and François de Riberolles and was produced by Saint Thomas Productions of Marseille between 2009 and 2012. It was narrated by Jeremy Irons. The series was first broadcast in France as Le Peuple des Volcans, and had its American première on PBS on 2 January 2013. == Episodes == Ash Runners Animals in New Britain have adapted to live with the activity of the local volcano near the city of Rabaul. Directed by Bertrand Loyer and released in France on 18 March 2010. Original title: Les Vagabonds des Cendres. PBS first broadcast date: 30 January 2013. Pioneers of the Deep In the Tongan archipelago, the sooty tern and the Alvin shrimp cope when an underwater volcano becomes an island. Directed by Bertrand Loyer and released in France on 23 October 2010. Original title: Naissance d'Une Ile. PBS first broadcast date: 6 February 2013. The Surprise Salmon Volcanic activity in Alaska 2,000 years ago disrupted the spawning journey of sockeye salmon, leading them to Surprise Lake in the caldera of Mount Aniakchak. Directed by Bertrand Loyer and released in


id: mad-scientist-toon-club-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad_Scientist_Toon_Club-0.md
category: reference
title: Mad Scientist Toon Club
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad_Scientist_Toon_Club
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:53.809192+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: mad-scientist-toon-club-20260505-0
summary:
Mad Scientist Toon Club (also known as Mad Scientist Kids Club) is an educational children's television show produced by Saban Entertainment that aired in US syndication from September 15, 1993 to January 25, 1994. Each hour-long program mixed live action segments hosted by the scientist character "Dr. π" and pre-existing Japanese animation, including Saban's Tic Tac Toons. Dr. Pi wore a green lab coat and a backwards baseball cap, surrounded by a colorful set, and presented experiments that children could perform at home. The format of the science portions was similar to Beakman's World and Bill Nye the Science Guy; all three were produced in response to the 1990 Children's Television Act, which mandated each broadcaster to air a minimum amount of educational programming. Tic Tac Toons was going to air on its own on Fox Family in 1998 but it never made it. == Episodes == This Mad Scientist Toon Club episode list was compiled from US Copyright Office listings. The episodes that aired on the same date were given a combined entry in the registry. == References == http://www.faqs.org/copyright/dex-at-bat-invasion-of-leawood-exit-nefaria-enter-barbaria-2/#id11534764 "Slick and Fast, Science Shows Emulate MTV" United States Copyright Office - Public Catalog Search (episode 1 is registration


id: the-magic-school-bus-rides-again-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magic_School_Bus_Rides_Again-0.md
category: reference
title: The Magic School Bus Rides Again
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magic_School_Bus_Rides_Again
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:55.063246+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-magic-school-bus-rides-again-20260505-0
summary:
The Magic School Bus Rides Again is an animated children's television series, based on the book series of the same name by Joanna Cole and Bruce Degen. Produced by Scholastic Entertainment and 9 Story Media Group, it serves as a continuation of the 1994–1997 PBS Kids series The Magic School Bus, with Lily Tomlin reprising her role as Ms. Frizzle. The series premiered on Netflix on September 29, 2017, and the second season premiered on April 13, 2018. The series made its television channel debut on Qubo on November 1, 2020, and aired until the channel ceased broadcasting on February 28, 2021. 3 45-minute specials, "Kids in Space", "The Frizz Connection", and "In the Zone", premiered on Netflix in 2020. A fourth special, "Goldstealer" was never released on Netflix but was instead released on a DVD, mainly in Canada. They were dedicated to Joanna Cole, the author of the original books, who died in 2020. == Plot == In the sequel to the original animated television series, the flagship Valerie Frizzle (now Professor Frizzle) gets her Ph.D. and retires from teaching at Walkerville Elementary School. She then hires her younger sister, Miss Fiona Frizzle, to teach the class, and passes


id: the-magic-school-bus-rides-again-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magic_School_Bus_Rides_Again-1.md
category: reference
title: The Magic School Bus Rides Again
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magic_School_Bus_Rides_Again
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:55.063246+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-magic-school-bus-rides-again-20260505-0
summary:
== Production == On June 10, 2014, the series was first announced by Netflix and Scholastic Media, and was titled The Magic School Bus 360°. The new iteration of the franchise features a modernized "Ms. Frizzle" (replacing Valerie with her younger sister Fiona) and a high-tech bus that stresses modern inventions such as robotics, wearables and camera technology. The hope is to captivate children's imaginations and motivate their interest in the sciences. It was produced by 9 Story Media Group. Producer Stuart Stone, who voiced Ralphie in the original series, stated that The Magic School Bus 360° will feature some of the original voice actors in different roles. The show's voice cast is based in Los Angeles, California, United States and Toronto, Ontario, Canada with Susan Blu as the Los Angeles voice director and Alyson Court as the Toronto voice director. In February 2017, Kate McKinnon was cast in the role of Ms. Frizzle (without clarifying it was Fiona, the younger sister of Valerie, now Professor Frizzle, still voiced by Tomlin). The series then changed its name to The Magic School Bus Rides Again. The series was released on Netflix on September 29, 2017. The second season was released on


id: the-magic-school-bus-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magic_School_Bus_(TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: The Magic School Bus (TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magic_School_Bus_(TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:56.450096+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-magic-school-bus-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
The Magic School Bus is an animated educational children's television series, based on the book series of the same name by Joanna Cole and Bruce Degen. Originally broadcast from 1994 to 1997, the series received critical acclaim for its use of celebrity voice talent, as well as combining entertainment with an educational series. The series stars Lily Tomlin as the voice of Ms. Frizzle. The theme song is performed by Little Richard. == Premise == The animated series follows the adventures of eccentric teacher Ms. Frizzle and her eight students as they explore the wonders of science on their exciting field trips. Their journey takes them to different locations, time periods, and encounters with various creatures, all while learning about science and the world around them. The school they attend, Walkerville Elementary, is set in the fictitious town of Walkerville. The characters travel all over the world and into space throughout the duration of the show. == Voice cast == === Main === Lily Tomlin as Ms. Valerie Frizzle Amos Crawley (season 1) and Danny Tamberelli (seasons 2–4) as Arnold Perlstein Daniel DeSanto as Carlos Ramon Tara Meyer as Dorothy Ann "D.A." Hudson Erica Luttrell as Keesha Franklin Maia Filar


id: the-magic-school-bus-tv-series-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magic_School_Bus_(TV_series)-1.md
category: reference
title: The Magic School Bus (TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magic_School_Bus_(TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:56.450096+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-magic-school-bus-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
== Home media == The series (through home media) was released on VHS from 1995 to 2002, DVD from 2002 to 2013, DVD (by New Video Group) in Region 1 (which are the rereleases of the Warner Home Video DVDs) on July 31, 2012, and Netflix on August 15, 2013. The series was originally released on VHS. The series on VHS was distributed by WEA Corp. and Warner Home Video between 1995 and 2002. On DVD, it was distributed by Warner Home Video between 2002 and 2005. On July 31, 2012, New Video Group released the complete series on DVD in Region 1, as well as rereleases of the Warner Home Video DVDs. On August 15, 2013, Scholastic announced the complete series' availability on Netflix. Currently however only season 1 of the series is available to stream on Netflix. But the full series is available to stream on Peacock, and for free on Tubi, and The Roku Channel. == Reception == === Critical response === In a 2007 column for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal, Jason Fry expressed an overall appreciation for the series, but wrote that the episode "The Magic School Bus Gets Programmed" illustrated the


id: mars-american-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_(American_TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Mars (American TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_(American_TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:57.772621+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: mars-american-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Mars is a hard science-fiction television series produced by National Geographic that premiered on November 14, 2016, on its channel and FX. Prior to its official airdate, it was launched in a streaming format on November 1, 2016. It blends elements of real interviews with a fictional story of a group of astronauts as they land on the planet Mars. The series is based on the Stephen Petranek book How We'll Live on Mars (2015). The fictional narrative initially alternates between the years 2016 and 2033, using present-day non-fiction interviews to explain events unfolding in the story. Over the series, the fictional narrative progresses through to 2042 as the colony develops. The series was filmed in Budapest and Morocco. A companion book to the series, Mars: Our Future on the Red Planet (October 2016), details the science behind the show. A prequel episode, called Before Mars, was produced and released conjointly with the series. It tells the fictional story of a moment in the life of one of the astronauts and the decisions she made to get involved in science. On January 13, 2017, it was announced that National Geographic had renewed the series for a second season, which premiered


id: math-tinik-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Math-Tinik-0.md
category: reference
title: Math-Tinik
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Math-Tinik
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:45:59.556920+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: math-tinik-20260505-0
summary:
Math-Tinik (lit. 'math-thorn'; stylized as MATH-Tinik, a pun on the word “Matinik” which literally translates to “Thorny” but is often used to mean ‘sharp’ in terms of mental acuity) is a Philippine television educational show by ABS-CBN. Hosted by Angela Garcia, Lorena Garcia, Huey Remulla, Claudine Alejandro and Mark Guayco, it aired from January 7, 1997 to August 3, 2004. == Cast == Angela Garcia as Ms. Math-Tinik Lorena Garcia as Sheila Mae Huey Remulla as Charlie Claudine Alejandro as Patricia Mark Guayco as Joey Introduced in 2000 Herbie Go as Artmetic == Production == The series' headwriters are Catherina Calzo-Fournier and Andrea Delos Reyes, with the former later becoming editor-in-chief of the Pinas newspaper. One of the episode directors is Rene Guidote, who has also directed Sine'skwela, Bayani, Pahina and other educational series made by ABS-CBN Foundation. As with other educational television programs from the ABS-CBN Foundation and DECS, a single episode of Math-Tinik took between three and nine months to make from conception to approval. === Music === The "Math-Tinik Theme" was sung by Cris Villonco, with lyrics by Ting-ting Calzo-Fournier and music composed by Jungee Marcelo. The series composers were Noel Argosino, Froilan Malimban, and Noel Manalo,


id: the-mechanical-universe-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mechanical_Universe-0.md
category: reference
title: The Mechanical Universe
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mechanical_Universe
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:00.901203+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-mechanical-universe-20260505-0
summary:
The Mechanical Universe...And Beyond is a 52-part telecourse, filmed at the California Institute of Technology, that introduces university level physics, covering topics from Copernicus to quantum mechanics. The 1985-86 series was produced by Caltech and INTELECOM, a nonprofit consortium of California community colleges now known as Intelecom Learning, with financial support from Annenberg/CPB. The series, which aired on PBS affiliate stations before being distributed on LaserDisc and eventually YouTube, is known for its use of computer animation. == Overview == Produced starting in 1982, the videos make heavy use of historical dramatizations and visual aids to explain physics concepts. The latter were state of the art at the time, incorporating almost eight hours of computer animation created by computer graphics pioneer Jim Blinn along with assistants Sylvie Rueff and Tom Brown at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Each episode opens and closes with bookend segments in which Caltech professor David Goodstein, speaking in a lecture hall, delivers explanations "that can't quite be put into the mouth of our affable, faceless narrator". After more than a quarter century, the series is still often used as a supplemental teaching aid, for its clear explanation of fundamental concepts such as special relativity. The bookend


id: the-mechanical-universe-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mechanical_Universe-1.md
category: reference
title: The Mechanical Universe
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mechanical_Universe
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:00.901203+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-mechanical-universe-20260505-0
summary:
== Production details == The room seen in the bookend segments is the Bridge lecture hall at Caltech. Many of the extras were students from other schools, and the front rows of the lecture hall were deliberately filled with more women than would have typically been seen at Caltech lectures. The TV production team added fake wood paneling to the lecture hall so that it would more closely resemble that seen in the show The Paper Chase. Later, the Caltech physics department was sufficiently impressed by the result that panels were installed permanently. Many seats in the lecture hall had to be removed in order to make room for the camera track and studio lights. To cover this, additional reaction shots of a full lecture hall were filmed later, so that the illusion of a complete audience could be created in editing. For most of the footage of Goodstein himself, only two rows of students were present. Many other video segments were shot on location, for example at a Linde industrial plant that produced liquid air. Historical scenes were often made to be generic, in order to facilitate their reuse across multiple episodes: "Young Newton strolls through an apple orchard,


id: the-mechanical-universe-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mechanical_Universe-2.md
category: reference
title: The Mechanical Universe
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mechanical_Universe
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:00.901203+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-mechanical-universe-20260505-0
summary:
=== Initial responses === PBS and The Learning Channel began broadcasting The Mechanical Universe in September 1985. During the fall of 1986, roughly 100 PBS stations carried The Mechanical Universe, and by the fall of 1987, over 600 higher-education institutions had purchased it or licensed the episodes for use. In 1992, Goodstein noted that the series had been broadcast, via PBS, by over 100 stations, "usually at peculiar hours when innocent people were unlikely to tune in accidentally on a differential equation in the act of being solved". He observed that detailed viewership figures were difficult to obtain, but when the show had been broadcast in Miami during Saturday mornings, the producers were able to obtain Nielsen ratings.In fact, it came in second in its time slot, beating the kiddie cartoons on two network stations. There were 18,000 faithful core households in Dade County alone, the median age of the viewers was 18, and half were female. However, we seldom get that kind of detailed information.Goodstein and assistant project director Richard Olenick noted:Anecdotal information in the form of letters and phone calls indicates very considerable enthusiasm among users at all levels from casual viewers to high-school students to research university


id: the-mechanical-universe-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mechanical_Universe-3.md
category: reference
title: The Mechanical Universe
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mechanical_Universe
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:00.901203+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-mechanical-universe-20260505-0
summary:
== Awards == In 1987, "The Lorentz Transformation" (episode 42) was awarded the sixteenth annual Japan Prize for educational television. Other awards received by The Mechanical Universe include the 1986 Gold Award from the Birmingham International Film Festival, two "Cindy" awards from the International Association of Audio Visual Communicators (1987 and 1988), a Gold Award (1985) and a Silver Award (1987) from the International Film and TV Festival of New York, Silver (1986) and Gold Apple (1987) awards from the National Educational Film and Video Festival, and a Gold Plaque (1985) from the Chicago International Film Festival. Goodstein received the 1999 Oersted Medal for his work in physics education, including The Mechanical Universe. For his contributions to the field of computer graphics, including his animations for Cosmos, The Mechanical Universe and Project Mathematics!, Blinn received a MacArthur fellowship in 1991, as well as the 1999 Steven A. Coons Award. == Portrayal of Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse == Like many introductory physics texts, The Mechanical Universe cites the spectacular 1940 collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge as an example of resonance, using footage of the disaster in the "Resonance" episode. However, as more-recent expositions have emphasized, the catastrophic oscillations that destroyed


id: mega-movie-magic-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega_Movie_Magic-0.md
category: reference
title: Mega Movie Magic
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega_Movie_Magic
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:02.635474+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: mega-movie-magic-20260505-0
summary:
Mega Movie Magic is an American television program that was shown on Discovery Channel as part of its Sunday morning children-targeted line-up. The program explored special effects used in films. It was produced by GRB Entertainment. The program was nominated for a CableAce Award in 1998, and "drew healthy ratings" in its first season. It began in 1998 as the children's version of Discovery Channel's 1994–97 program, Movie Magic, and was shown during 2004. == References ==


id: men-of-rock-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men_of_Rock-0.md
category: reference
title: Men of Rock
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men_of_Rock
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:03.931440+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: men-of-rock-20260505-0
summary:
Men of Rock is a 2010 TV series produced by the BBC about pioneering geologists working in Scotland. It is presented by Professor Iain Stewart. == Episodes == Deep Time 1/3 The story of James Hutton, the founding father of geology. Moving Mountains 2/3 An examination of how geologist Edward Bailey discovered Scotland once had super volcanoes. The Big Freeze 3/3 The story of Louis Agassiz, who first proposed that the earth had experienced an ice age. == References == == External links == Men of Rock at BBC Online Men of Rock at IMDb


id: the-metric-marvels-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Metric_Marvels-0.md
category: reference
title: The Metric Marvels
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Metric_Marvels
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:05.126817+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-metric-marvels-20260505-0
summary:
The Metric Marvels is a 1978–1979 series of seven animated educational shorts featuring songs about meters, liters, Celsius, and grams, designed to teach American children how to use the metric system. They were produced by Newall & Yohe, the same advertising agency which produced ABC's Schoolhouse Rock! series, and first aired on the NBC television network in September 1978. The spots were shown three times each Saturday during the children's programming block for the 1978–79 season. Voices for the Metric Marvels shorts include Lynn Ahrens, Bob Dorough, Bob Kaliban, and Paul Winchell. == Origins == On December 23, 1975, President Gerald Ford signed the Metric Conversion Act into law; this act gave official sanction for the United States to convert to the metric system of measurement. At the time the United States mainly used the U.S. Customary system. Ford's presidential successor, Jimmy Carter, began to implement this law in earnest, helping to set up the U.S. Metric Board as a task force to determine when and how the U.S. would convert to metric. The USMB suggested that the transition ought to be voluntary and gradual, taking place over at least a ten-year period. As part of this gradual transition, the


id: the-miracle-of-life-documentary-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Miracle_of_Life_(documentary)-0.md
category: reference
title: The Miracle of Life (documentary)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Miracle_of_Life_(documentary)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:06.348122+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-miracle-of-life-documentary-20260505-0
summary:
The Miracle of Life is a documentary film about the human reproductive process. The film won multiple awards including a Peabody and an Emmy when it was broadcast as part of the American TV series Nova. Photographed by Lennart Nilsson, the program originally aired in Sweden on November 26, 1982 under the title of "The Saga of Life." The BBC acquired the episode for the documentary series Horizon and aired it that same month. Many scenes were edited and the intro in both the Horizon and Nova versions are different, as well as the ending scene where the baby was born. The Nova version of the film was broadcast on PBS on February 15, 1983. It was written and produced by Bebe Nixon and narrated by Anita Sangiolo. A sequel called "Life's Greatest Miracle" aired on November 20, 2001 on PBS using microimagery taken by Lennart Nilsson with narration by John Lithgow. == Awards == The episode won the following awards: 1984 American Film Festival Blue Ribbon American Film Festival Emily Award Ohio State Award San Francisco International Film Festival Award 1983 Emmy Award George Foster Peabody Award ALA Notable Children's Videos == References == == External links == The


id: the-mr-science-show-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mr._Science_Show-0.md
category: reference
title: The Mr. Science Show
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mr._Science_Show
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:07.520863+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-mr-science-show-20260505-0
summary:
The Mr. Science Show was a lecture based science television program for children developed by Tim Perkins, which aired weekly in the 1990s on Time Warner Cable's Public-access television cable TV channel. The program was produced in Melbourne, Florida, United States. The show utilized simple science experiments, silly stories, and stunts to explain specific concepts in science. == History == A Central Florida cable television program titled Cable Goes To School, which was produced by Time Warner Cable, aired a segment introducing a series of live science education shows at a small theatre in Melbourne, Florida. The live science education shows initially were developed to promote The Science Fare science supply stores. After airing the program, which explained magnets and magnetism, the first standalone episodes of The Mr. Science Show were produced to feature additional science topics. With Tim Perkins in the role of Mr. Science, a name bestowed by the children in the audience. The first standalone episodes of the Mr. Science Show were produced with each show featuring an in depth review of a particular science topic. The Mr. Science Show first aired on Time Warner Cable as a Public-access television show in 1992 with Tim Perkins as


id: the-nature-of-things-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nature_of_Things-0.md
category: reference
title: The Nature of Things
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nature_of_Things
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:10.036859+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-nature-of-things-20260505-0
summary:
The Nature of Things (formerly, The Nature of Things with David Suzuki) is a Canadian television series of documentary programs. It debuted on CBC Television on 6 November 1960. Many of the programs document nature and the effect that humans have on it, although the program's overall scope includes documentaries on any aspect of science. The program "was one of the first mainstream programs to present scientific evidence on a number of environmental issues, including nuclear power and genetic engineering". The series is named after an epic poem by Roman philosopher Lucretius: "De rerum natura"—On the Nature of Things. == History == The first host was Donald Ivey, with Patterson Hume co-hosting many episodes. Following Ivey's departure, the second season continued with several guest hosts, including Lister Sinclair, Donald Crowdis, and John Livingston. David Suzuki became the show's host and narrator in 1979, a position he held until his retirement from the series at the end of the 2022 season. He was succeeded by co-hosts Sarika Cullis-Suzuki (David's daughter) and Anthony Morgan. The series has won many awards and Suzuki has won three Gemini Awards and one ACTRA Award as best host. Documentarian William Whitehead has also been a frequent


id: newton-s-apple-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_Apple-0.md
category: reference
title: Newton's Apple
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_Apple
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:11.417519+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: newton-s-apple-20260505-0
summary:
Newton's Apple is an American educational television program produced and developed by KTCA of Minneapolis–Saint Paul, and distributed to PBS stations in the United States that ran from October 15, 1983, to January 3, 1998, with reruns continuing until October 31, 1999. The show's title is based on the legend of Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree and an apple falling near him—more popularly, on his head—prompting him to ponder what makes things fall, leading to the development of his theory of gravitation (an event often loosely described as him "discovering" gravity). The show was produced by Twin Cities Public Television (TPT). For most of the run, the show's theme song was Ruckzuck by Kraftwerk, later remixed by Absolute Music. Earlier and later episodes of the show featured an original song. Ira Flatow was the show's first host during the first five seasons and in the 6th season, he was replaced by David Heil, then assistant director of the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry (OMSI). In the 5th season, Peggy Knapp joined the show as a field reporter and later became the co-host in the 13th season. The last three seasons were hosted by the team of Peggy


id: newton-s-apple-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_Apple-1.md
category: reference
title: Newton's Apple
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_Apple
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:11.417519+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: newton-s-apple-20260505-0
summary:
=== Season 5 (1987–1988) === Plastic Surgery; High-Speed Bicycles; "Lemons"; Ailing Whale (October 10, 1987) Treasure Diving; Blackboard Chat; "Lemons"; Mothballs & Wintergreen (October 17, 1987) Polar Expedition; Inventors' Fair; Sea Otter (October 24, 1987) Submarine; Budgies In A Truck; Uvula Chat; Lemons, Sea World Science Day (October 31, 1987) Tornado; Exploratorium; Laryngitis Chat; "Lemons"; Beach Science (November 7, 1987) Neon Lights; Rube Goldberg; Aspirin Chat; "Lemons"; Puffins (November 14, 1987) MRI; Segment Update; Stars Twinkle Chat; "Lemons"; Kitchen Science (November 21, 1987) Cavities; Snowflakes; Reflexes Chat; "Lemons"; Arctic Fox (November 28, 1987) Cocaine Addiction; Laundry Science; "Lemons"; Sled Dogs (December 5, 1987) Child Development; Bridges; "Lemons"; Octopus (December 12, 1987) Sailing; Skin Lotion Chat; "Lemons"; Jelly Fish (December 19, 1987) Bureau Of Standards; Gravity Contest; Upset Stomach Chat; "Lemons"; Kelp Forest (December 26, 1987) Gymnastics; Computer Vision; "Lemons"; Golden Monkeys (January 2, 1988) === Season 6 (1988–1989) === Skydiving; Facial Symmetry; "Lemons"; Baby Orangutans (October 15, 1988) Movie Creatures; Cholesterol; "Lemons"; Suntan; Vulture (October 22, 1988) Microsurgery; Strobes; Coordination Chat; "Lemons"; Aardvark (October 29, 1988) Air Traffic Control; Feet; Bell Curves; Tracking Bears (November 5, 1988) Clouds; Rube Goldberg; Skin Itch Chat; Home Runs; Cold Remedies (November 12, 1988)


id: newton-s-apple-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_Apple-2.md
category: reference
title: Newton's Apple
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_Apple
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:11.417519+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: newton-s-apple-20260505-0
summary:
=== Season 12 (1994–1995) === Hang Gliding; Karate; Robin Leach; Elephant (October 15, 1994) Sled Dogs; Arctic Travel; Life In Camp; Arctic Weather (October 22, 1994) Aircraft Carrier; Brain; Carrier Life (October 29, 1994) Brain Mapping; Garlic; Sunscreens; Tasmanian Devil (November 5, 1994) Movie Dinosaurs; Bread Chemistry; Scott Hamilton; Wallaby (November 12, 1994) Movie Sound Effects; Sun; Globetrotters; Hedgehog (November 19, 1994) Dinosaur Extinction; Floods; Blue Seas; Siberian Tiger (November 26, 1994) Internet; Antibiotics; Panning For Gold; Taxidermy (December 3, 1994) Ethnobotany; Hubble Telescope; Inventors' Fair; Komodo Dragons (December 10, 1994) Raptor Hospital; Photography; Skipping Stones; Snakes (December 17, 1994) Redwoods; Electricity; Monuments; Red Fox (December 24, 1994) Printing Money; Gravity; Nature Labs (December 31, 1994) Bridges; Earthquakes; Chroma-Key; Grizzly Bear (January 7, 1995) === Season 13 (1995–1996) === Waterskiing; Reflexes; Escalator; Fat-Free Foods (October 14, 1995) Circus High Wire; Mummies; Bug Spray; Armadillo (October 21, 1995) Maya Bike Trek; Hearing; Parachutes; Owls (October 28, 1995) Balloon Safari; Grasslands; Maasai Mara; Mara Animals (November 4, 1995) Ice Surfing; DNA Fingerprinting; Bubble Gum; Cold Remedies (November 11, 1995) Aircraft Fire Rescue; Balloons; Knives; Science Home Videos (November 18, 1995) Simulator Rides; Dolphin Communication; Parade Technology; Laser Show (November 25, 1995) Hazardous


id: nigel-latta-blows-stuff-up-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Latta_Blows_Stuff_Up-0.md
category: reference
title: Nigel Latta Blows Stuff Up
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Latta_Blows_Stuff_Up
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:12.732333+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nigel-latta-blows-stuff-up-20260505-0
summary:
Nigel Latta Blows Stuff Up is a New Zealand science television series that started on 19 April 2015, hosted by Nigel Latta. == Watch options == Curiosity Stream Apple TV TVNZ+ == References ==


id: nina-and-the-neurons-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nina_and_the_Neurons-0.md
category: reference
title: Nina and the Neurons
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nina_and_the_Neurons
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:13.925688+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nina-and-the-neurons-20260505-0
summary:
Nina and the Neurons is a British live action/animated television programme shown on the CBeebies channel, aimed at young children to help them understand basic science. Nina is a neuroscientist who enlists the help of five Neurons (animated characters representing the senses) in her brain to answer a scientific question. It was first aired on 26 February 2007. The show was produced by Lucille McLaughlin, who has also produced the children's programmes like Balamory, Me Too! and Bits and Bobs. The series is commissioned by CBeebies Controller, Michael Carrington. == Synopsis == Most of the show was based at Glasgow Science Centre, with a little part taking place outdoors. At the start of the show, Nina conducts experiments in front of an unseen audience of children. At one point of the show, Nina is 'contacted' by (usually two or three, but rarely four) children, who appear on a computer screen asking a science-related question (e.g., 'What makes rainbows appear and disappear?') Nina then chooses one (or more) of the five Neurons inside her brain based upon which of the senses is most appropriate to answer the question. Once the Neuron has been selected by Nina, the children (called the 'experimenters')


id: nina-and-the-neurons-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nina_and_the_Neurons-1.md
category: reference
title: Nina and the Neurons
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nina_and_the_Neurons
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:13.925688+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nina-and-the-neurons-20260505-0
summary:
Hide And Seek: Luke Getting Goosebumps: Felix Nina's Cake Bake: All Neurons I Can See A Rainbow: Luke Terrific Teeth: Bud Touching The Clouds: Felix Smelly Feet: Ollie In A Spin: Belle Bubble Trouble: Luke Fun in the Sun: Felix Tummy Rumbles: All Neurons Finding Flowers: Luke And Ollie Lovely Lollies: Bud Brilliant Bones: Felix Rumbling Thunder: Belle Nina Gets Nosey: Ollie What A Fright: Felix Let's Hear It For Ears: Belle Making Waves: Luke Splish Splash: Felix Baby Talk: Bud Funny Honey: All Neurons Digging Dogs: Luke And Ollie When the Wind Blows: Belle Tremendous Toes: Felix === Go Eco! (2008) === The third series – Go Eco!, premiered on 13 June 2008 and continued on weekly until 15 August. It was commissioned as part of CBeebies' year-long green initiative called EcoBeebies, and so episodes focus on green-related topics. For this series only, the Experimenters wore green T-shirts instead of the light blue or red ones in other series. Branching Out: Luke Food, Glorious Food: Ollie And Bud Keeping Cosy: Felix Super Slimy Slugs: Luke Mouldy Food: Luke Something Fishy: Felix Recycling: Luke Flying High: Felix Monkey Business: Bud Every Drop Counts: Luke === Go Inventing (2009) === The


id: nova-american-tv-program-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_program)-0.md
category: reference
title: Nova (American TV program)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_program)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:15.308994+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nova-american-tv-program-20260505-0
summary:
Nova (stylized as NOVΛ) is an American popular science television program produced by WGBH in Boston, Massachusetts, since 1974. It is broadcast on PBS in the United States, and in more than 100 other countries. The program has won many major television awards. Nova often includes interviews with scientists doing research in the subject areas covered and occasionally includes footage of a particular discovery. Some episodes have focused on the history of science. Examples of topics covered include the following: Colditz Castle, the Drake equation, elementary particles, the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Fermat's Last Theorem, the AIDS epidemic, global warming, moissanite, Project Jennifer, storm chasing, Unterseeboot 869, Vinland, Tarim mummies, and the COVID-19 pandemic. The Nova programs have been praised for their pacing, writing, and editing. Websites that accompany the segments have also won awards. == Episodes == == History == Nova was first aired on March 3, 1974. The show was created by Michael Ambrosino, inspired by the BBC 2 television series Horizon, which Ambrosino had seen while working in the UK. In the early years, many Nova episodes were either co-productions with the BBC Horizon team, or other documentaries originating outside of the United States, with


id: once-upon-a-time-planet-earth-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time..._Planet_Earth-0.md
category: reference
title: Once Upon a Time... Planet Earth
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time..._Planet_Earth
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:16.506433+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: once-upon-a-time-planet-earth-20260505-0
summary:
Once Upon a Time... Planet Earth (French: Il était une fois... notre Terre) is a children's television educational animated series directed by Albert Barillé. It is the seventh series in the Once Upon a Time... franchise. The series was produced by Procidis and France 3 with the support of the Centre National de la Cinematographie, the Directorate-General for Research of the European Commission and the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). The series was initially broadcast since 22 December 2008 on France 3. Its original premise was set up from "Once Upon a Time... the Earth (and Tomorrow?)", the final episode of the first series Once Upon a Time... Man, thus finally going back to the beginning where it all started and ended. The series' premiere also coincided with the 30th anniversary milestone of the franchise. == Episodes == Planet guards Climate I: Far North Water in India Water in Sahel Amazon forest Energies exhaustion Fair trade Oceans in danger Ecosystems Water of the World Poverty Forests of the world Excessive fishing Climate II: Origins Farming Biodiversity Climate III: Effects Recycling Women of the World Children's labour New energies House and city Climate IV: Solutions Children: Health and Education Technologies Tomorrow ==


id: once-upon-a-time-space-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time..._Space-0.md
category: reference
title: Once Upon a Time... Space
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time..._Space
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:17.876867+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: once-upon-a-time-space-20260505-0
summary:
Once Upon a Time... Space (French: Il était une fois… l'Espace) is a science fiction animated television series created and directed by Albert Barillé. It is the second series in the Once Upon a Time... franchise. It reprises almost all of the characters from its predecessor, Once Upon a Time... Man, and adapts them into a science fiction futuristic context. The series was produced by French studio Procidis in co-production with France Régions (FR3, France), Société Radio-Canada (Canada), Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI, Italy), Katholieke Radio Omroep (KRO, Netherlands), Televisión Española (TVE, Spain), Crustel (Argentina), and Eiken (Japan) who was the one who made the animation. The series premiered in France on FR3, between 2 October 1982 and 2 April 1983, and it was subsequently broadcast on the channels of the rest of the broadcasters that participated in the production dubbed into their own language. The show was animated in Japan by the animation studio Eiken, and is thus considered an anime as it also aired in Japan on Fuji Television, albeit not until 1984, under the title Galaxy Patrol PJ. In contrast to the show's success in the West, the series' Japanese broadcast was consigned to an early-morning time slot and


id: once-upon-a-time-space-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time..._Space-1.md
category: reference
title: Once Upon a Time... Space
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time..._Space
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:17.876867+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: once-upon-a-time-space-20260505-0
summary:
Colonel Pierre. He is the head of the Omega Space Police and the husband of the President of the Confederation. He is a happily married man, strict and highly moral. Pierrette. President of the Omega Confederation, wife of Pierre, and mother of Pierrot. She is a smiling figure and a skilled politician. She governs by building consensus among Council members. Pierrot. He is the son of Colonel Pierre and President Pierrette. He joined the Space Police of the Omega Confederation after completing his studies. He finds himself in command of a dragonfly-type vessel. He starts the series with the rank of lieutenant, and he later becomes a captain. His promotion is a reward for his bravery in saving the Earth from an attack by a remote-controlled rocket. He is a kind, brave man with a curious mind and a thirst for discovery. Mercedes, nicknamed "Psi". She is a young Hispanic woman, calm and involved. She is particularly intuitive, precognitive, a telepath, and a skilled hypnotist. She tries repeatedly to convince Pierrot that her precognitions are both relevant and accurate. He initially distrusts her visions, a source of conflict among them. Gradually, Pierrot comes to trust her more. The characters are


id: once-upon-a-time-space-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time..._Space-2.md
category: reference
title: Once Upon a Time... Space
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time..._Space
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:17.876867+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: once-upon-a-time-space-20260505-0
summary:
=== Theme music and song === The series' eponymous theme song was performed in the original French-language version by Jean-Pierre Savelli. An alternate version was recorded for the compilation feature film Revenge of the Humanoids, and was performed by Virginia Vee. The song was released as a single in 1982 by RCA Records (PB 61015), along with a condensed audio adaptation of the episode "Du Cote d’Andromède" (PL 37720). A second single of the song was issued in 1983 with another Savelli song "Humanoïdes" (PB 61074); the lyrics were later translated in the English-language dub, retitled as "Fly with Me", this version was also sung by Virginia Vee. === Score === The incidental score made sure use of blending Legrand's signature jazz-funk with synthesized electronic music; most of the instrumental music from the series would later be reused for later Once Upon a Time... series, starting with Life. A soundtrack album collecting all the incidental music of the series was first released in 1999 by Procidis (56101), and later reissued in 2001 by Loga-Rythme (LR-677004) as a part of the Anime Classique range. == See also == List of French animated television series == Notes == == References == ==


id: outrageous-acts-of-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outrageous_Acts_of_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Outrageous Acts of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outrageous_Acts_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:19.112069+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: outrageous-acts-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
Outrageous Acts of Science is a science program shown on Science Channel in the United States, featuring a fast-paced countdown of the top 20 internet videos in each episode. The series first aired in the United Kingdom on Discovery International with the title You Have Been Warned. The program features homemade science experiments and stunts, often accompanied by warnings of "don't try this at home" when doing so might endanger the viewer. For the U.S. TV network, it was the top-rated show of 2015. Each episode focuses on a particular science theme that features the cleverest, funniest, most daring, or just downright bizarre clips, along with an explanation and breakdown from science and engineering experts, including Hakeem Oluseyi, Debbie Berebichez, Carin Bondar and also-comedians Helen Arney, Matt Parker, Adam Ruben, and Tom Wrigglesworth, among others. The expert panel's explanations are accompanied by storytelling motion graphics and an explanation of what, how and why these clips were scientifically possible. Outrageous Acts of Science is narrated by Tim Dadabo, while Gareth Cornick voices You Have Been Warned for Europe. In mid 2017, the last ten episodes of season seven aired on Discovery Channel (Australia) as Dr. Karl's Outrageous Acts of Science, hosted


id: outrageous-acts-of-science-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outrageous_Acts_of_Science-1.md
category: reference
title: Outrageous Acts of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outrageous_Acts_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:19.112069+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: outrageous-acts-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
=== Season 3 === Fact or Fake? - January 17, 2015 - Underwater BASE jumping and a billiards trick shot. License to Thrill - January 24, 2015 Kings of Creation - January 31, 2015 - Ridiculous inventions, like a car that skips a jump rope, a robot that always wins at Rock Paper Scissors, and a single-wheeled motorbike. Born to Be Wild - February 7, 2015 - More daredevils, including an avalanche survivor, a man who can hold his breath for more than 22 minutes, and one who walks between hot-air balloons a few thousand feet (over a kilometer) above ground. Grand Masters - February 14, 2015 - A man drifting two cars at once, a snake able to open a door, and a three-year-old basketball player. Tested on Humans - February 21, 2015 - A man who pops his eyes out of their sockets, contagious yawning, and a bike helmet with an emergency airbag. Lord of the Elements - February 28, 2015 - A skydiver with a jetpack, levitating objects, and a solar car. Cowboys of Chaos - March 7, 2015 - A homemade cannon, exploded houses, and magnets that can crush a person's hand. Epic Fails - March


id: peep-and-the-big-wide-world-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peep_and_the_Big_Wide_World-0.md
category: reference
title: Peep and the Big Wide World
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peep_and_the_Big_Wide_World
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:20.267316+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: peep-and-the-big-wide-world-20260505-0
summary:
Peep and the Big Wide World is an animated preschool television series created by Danish-Canadian animator Kaj Pindal. It revolves around the lives of three birds named Peep, Chirp, and Quack, as they discover, investigate, and explore the world around them. The show was based on the 1988 short film of the same name produced by the National Film Board of Canada, which itself is based on the 1962 short film The Peep Show, also produced by the National Film Board of Canada. The series premiered on April 12, 2004, on Discovery Kids and on TLC as part of their Ready Set Learn! children's block in the United States, and on TVOKids in Canada. It was produced by WGBH in Boston (through its kids division WGBH Kids), 9 Story Media Group (formerly 9 Story Entertainment; in its debut production), Eggbox LLC, the National Film Board of Canada, and Discovery Kids Studios (seasons 1–3), in association with TVOntario and Discovery Kids, and is distributed by Alliance Atlantis (through AAC Kids for the first season). Throughout its run, it was underwritten by the National Science Foundation, with Northrop Grumman underwriting season four in 2010. Each episode consists of two 9-minute stories, which


id: peep-and-the-big-wide-world-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peep_and_the_Big_Wide_World-1.md
category: reference
title: Peep and the Big Wide World
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peep_and_the_Big_Wide_World
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:20.267316+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: peep-and-the-big-wide-world-20260505-0
summary:
=== Minor === Ant (voiced by Robert Tinkler) is a very busy male ant who is leader of the ants. Bat (voiced by Ron Rubin in season 1 and Ron Pardo in season 2) is a very shy bat. Beaver Boy (voiced by Tessa Marshall in seasons 1–3 and Amanda Gryniewski in seasons 4–5) is a young naïve male beaver who lives in an adjoining pond to Quack's pond. He appears in several episodes. His desire to please his mom and dad often results in him chewing down too many trees. He often calls Quack "Blue Sailor", Peep "Yellow Guy", and Chirp "Red Round". Beaver Dad (voiced by Phillip Williams) is Beaver Boy's businesslike father. Beaver Mom (voiced by Kathleen Laskey in season 1 and Debra McGrath seasons 2–3) is Beaver Boy's workaholic mother. Blue Jays (voiced by David Huband and Kathleen Laskey for male and female, resp.) are very silly blue and white birds who love to cause lots of trouble when they see stuff. Bunnies (voiced by Melanie Tonello, Raquel Cadilha, Alexander Conti, resp. in seasons 1–2; Avigail Humphreys and Riele Downs in seasons 4–5) are inhabitants who live in rabbit holes. In season 1, three bunnies who


id: peep-and-the-big-wide-world-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peep_and_the_Big_Wide_World-2.md
category: reference
title: Peep and the Big Wide World
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peep_and_the_Big_Wide_World
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:20.267316+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: peep-and-the-big-wide-world-20260505-0
summary:
=== United States === Peep and the Big Wide World was originally broadcast on TLC and Discovery Kids — the latter as part of the Ready Set Learn! preschool block — from April 12, 2004, to September 14, 2007. Carriage on the Discovery children's networks ended on October 8, 2010, when Discovery Kids discontinued the block and reruns of the first three seasons to make way for the new network to launch known as The Hub on October 10. WGBH began airing the series on August 1, 2004, and it was later offered to public television stations via independent public television distributor American Public Television from April 1, 2007, to January 3, 2018. The last two seasons were broadcast exclusively on select local public television stations with episodes distributed by APT from January 4, 2010 to October 14, 2011, though second-runs of previous episodes began as early as April 1, 2007. APT continued distributing reruns until January 3, 2018, well after commercial networks dropped the program. A total of 60 episodes (120 segments) were broadcast. Beginning on January 1, 2018, distribution and reruns of Peep and the Big Wide World began airing on the 24-hour PBS Kids channel, marking the


id: planet-earth-1986-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Earth_(1986_TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Planet Earth (1986 TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Earth_(1986_TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:21.577721+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: planet-earth-1986-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Planet Earth is a seven-episode 1986 PBS television documentary series focusing on the Earth, narrated by Richard Kiley. Planet Earth explores geoscience and how discoveries of the early and mid-1980s were revolutionizing mankind's understanding of the Earth's past, present, and future. It also highlights scientific discoveries not yet fully understood and still under study in the mid-1980s. The series explores the Earth's origins, history, and structure; the forces that operate continually to alter its surface; its oceans; its climate; its natural resources; its biosphere and the effects of life on the physical world; its relationship to the Sun and other bodies in the Solar System; and its possible future in the face of pressures the growing human population places on the natural world. The BBC used the same title for its 2006 series, but the two series are completely unrelated and quite different in focus and content. == Production == Produced by WQED in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in association with the National Academy of Sciences as the centerpiece for a college-credit telecourse, Planet Earth was filmed over a period of four years on all seven continents and from the ocean bottom to earth orbit. The Annenberg/CPB Project and IBM funded production


id: planet-earth-1986-tv-series-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Earth_(1986_TV_series)-1.md
category: reference
title: Planet Earth (1986 TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Earth_(1986_TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:21.577721+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: planet-earth-1986-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
== Episode list == "The Living Machine" (aired January 22, 1986) – The episode discusses plate tectonics and geologic time, highlighting the work of James Hutton, Alfred Wegener, Harry Hess, Allan V. Cox, Brent Dalrymple, Frederick Vine, and Drummond Matthews, and discussing how geologists study layers of rock to read billions of years of the Earth's history. Topics covered include radiometric dating, seafloor spreading, magnetic field reversals, earthquakes, volcanism, subduction, and hotspots, how continents grow through accretion, how geophysicists study the interior of the Earth and what they have discovered, the theory of "microplate tectonics," how computer simulations have recreated the effects of continental drift on the world's geography over time from the prehistoric supercontinent Pangaea to the world of today, and how plate tectonics may have shaped the migratory behaviors of some animals. In addition to showing scientists studying the Kilauea volcano in Hawaii and using the research submarine Alvin to explore the Atlantic Ocean's Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the episode visits the Grand Canyon; Scotland's Arthur's Seat, Salisbury Crags, and Siccar Point; California's Owens Valley and San Andreas Fault; New Madrid, Missouri; and Ascension Island. "The Blue Planet" (aired January 29, 1986) – The episode discusses major new revelations about


id: planet-earth-1986-tv-series-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Earth_(1986_TV_series)-2.md
category: reference
title: Planet Earth (1986 TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Earth_(1986_TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:21.577721+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: planet-earth-1986-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
The episode visits the Hillman Hall of Minerals and Gems at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; ancient copper mining sites on Cyprus; the kuroko mines of Japan; deep-sea black smokers off the coast of Mexico in a dive aboard the research submersible Alvin; the Kid Creek Mine in northern Canada; the Bushveld Complex in South Africa; the University of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hawaii; western Tennessee; Benares, the River Ganges, and the Ganges Delta in India; the Mississippi Delta in Louisiana; a cedar swamp in the process of forming a peat bog in Maine; offshore oil platforms in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Newfoundland; Sudan; the NASA Ames Research Center in San Francisco, California; the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California; and the Cuprite Hills of Nevada. "The Solar Sea" (aired February 26, 1986) – The episode explores the Earth's relationship with the Sun. It discusses ancient religious beliefs involving Sun worship; the disappearance of the Anasazi culture in what is now the Four Corners region of the western United States; the influence of the Sun on climate, weather, and ocean currents; sunspots, their causes and cycles, and the Maunder Minimum; how the


id: the-planets-1999-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Planets_(1999_TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: The Planets (1999 TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Planets_(1999_TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:23.348414+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-planets-1999-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
The Planets is a documentary miniseries produced by the BBC and A&E and released in 1999. The series was remastered in 2004. It documents the Solar System and its nature, formation, and discovery by humans during the Space Age. The series of eight episodes includes a substantial amount of archival footage from both the United States and Soviet space programs. It also depicts the Solar System through computer graphics. There were a total of eight episodes produced for the series. The series featured appearances from famous pioneering space scientists and explorers, and was narrated by Samuel West in the original 1999 edition, and Mark Halliley in the 2004 remastered edition. == Episodes == Commentators in episode 1 include Hal Levison, George Wetherill, and David Levy. Commentators in episode 4 include Apollo 17 Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmidt, while episode 5 features Apollo 12 Commander Charles Conrad and solar physicist Eugene Parker (of whom the NASA Parker Solar Probe was named in tribute), episode 6 retired USAF Colonel and Project Excelsiot pilot Joe Kittinger, and episode 8 Apollo 17 Commander and last human to walk on the Moon Eugene Cernan. Commentators in episode 5 include Douglas Gough. It also talks about


id: the-planets-2019-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Planets_(2019_TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: The Planets (2019 TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Planets_(2019_TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:24.605157+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-planets-2019-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
The Planets is a 2019 BBC/PBS/Tencent/Open University television documentary series about the Solar System presented by Professor Brian Cox in the UK version and Zachary Quinto in the US version. First broadcast on BBC Two beginning Tuesday 28 May 2019, the five-episode series looks at each planet in detail, examining scientific theories and hypotheses about the formation and evolution of the Solar System gained by uncrewed missions to the planets. Originally released in the UK, it was changed to cater more to the American audience watching on PBS's series Nova. Cox presents segments to camera from various locations around the world alongside extensive computer-generated imagery and footage from space missions. The series was created as a partnership between BBC Studios and the Open University. == Episodes == == Merchandise == A 288-page hardback book written by Brian Cox and Andrew Cohen was released on 23 May 2019. by HarperCollins (ISBN 978-0007488841). The book was also released for ebook readers as well as an audiobook on the same day. == References == == External links == The Planets at BBC Online


id: popular-mechanics-for-kids-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Mechanics_for_Kids-0.md
category: reference
title: Popular Mechanics for Kids
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Mechanics_for_Kids
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:25.797461+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: popular-mechanics-for-kids-20260505-0
summary:
Popular Mechanics for Kids (sometimes abbreviated to PMK) is a Canadian educational television program based on the Popular Mechanics magazine. The program aired on Global TV from 1997 until 2000, with re-runs airing on BBC Kids Canada until its closure in 2018. Original cast included Elisha Cuthbert, Jay Baruchel, Tyler Kyte, Vanessa Lengies, and Charles Powell. == Overview == The intent of Popular Mechanics for Kids was to teach children how things work. Episodes covered a wide range of topics, including animals, body systems, amusement parks, electricity and airplanes. Each episode was led by hosts Jay (Season 1), Elisha, Tyler (Seasons 2–4) and Vanessa (Seasons 3–4), who would embark on adventures around the world which relate to the central theme of each episode. Sketch comedy segments were incorporated to balance out the educational content. "Mechanix with Nix and Tix" (usually shortened to just "Nix and Tix") was an animation segment that used slapstick comedy to help further educate and entertain the viewers about the episode's theme. During the segment "Charlie's Experiment/Tip", actor Charles Powell would answer questions, teach, and demonstrate an experiment related to the topic of the episode. It was common for real children to participate and ask questions


id: project-mc2-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mc2-0.md
category: reference
title: Project Mc2
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mc2
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:26.988783+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: project-mc2-20260505-0
summary:
Project Mc2 (pronounced Project MC-squared ) is an American comedy television series co-produced for Netflix by MGA Entertainment and – despite being a live action series – by DreamWorks Animation's AwesomenessTV. The series was first released on August 7, 2015. The last set of episodes was released on November 7, 2017. == Plot == Set in the fictional town of Maywood Glen, California, and revolving around the fields of STEM, the series follows the adventures of McKeyla McAlister and her best friends, who work for a government organization called NOV8 (pronounced "innovate"), a highly secretive group of female government operatives who are trying to protect the world. == Cast and characters == === Main === Mika Abdalla as McKeyla McAlister, the lead girl and an agent of NOV8. At the beginning of Part 4, she was given the name "The Owl". Ysa Penarejo as Camryn Coyle, the engineer with a high IQ Victoria Vida as Adrienne Attoms, the culinary chemist from Spain who always wears high heels Genneya Walton as Bryden Bandweth, the tech junkie of the group Antonio Marziale as Prince Xander (main: Part 1, recurring: Part 4) Marcus Choi (main: Part 1) and Ash Lee (recurring: Part 5)


id: rocket-science-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_Science_(TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Rocket Science (TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_Science_(TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:29.227098+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: rocket-science-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Rocket Science is a BBC television documentary series, first broadcast in March 2009 on BBC Two, exploring new ways to teach science to children. The series follows a group of second-year students as they learn about the science of fireworks and build their own fireworks display, under the auspices of physics teacher Andy Smith. == Episodes == Andy Smith won the secondary school teacher of the year for the north west region in 2005. He has also filmed shows for the digital channel Teacher's TV. He is a big Doctor Who fan and has assisted in many conventions in which previous stars of the series attend, notably the Who in the Cavern, which raises money for the Liverpool children's hospital Alder Hey. He once famously presided over a quiz between fifth doctor Peter Davison and sixth doctor Colin Baker. == References == == External links == Rocket Science at BBC Online Homepage of the director Andy Robbins with more information about the documentary: http://www.andyrobbins.info


id: rough-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Rough Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:30.622623+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: rough-science-20260505-0
summary:
Rough Science is a British documentary reality television series made by the BBC in collaboration with the Open University. Six series were made between 2000 and 2005. It was broadcast in prime time on BBC Two and is considered something of a "break-out hit" for the Open University. The series' formula consists of a group of four or five scientists with specialities in different fields who are given a task that they must complete using the natural resources of the surrounding area together with a small set of supplies. Each programme features a different task and follows the scientists as they use their knowledge and ingenuity in attempting to fulfil it and, in the process, educate the viewing public – despite failure being common. Each episode either requires the team to work together in smaller groups to create requirements for the overall challenge, for the small groups to fulfil vaguely related challenges or even to complete the same task in competition. It has been set in a different scenic location each series, typically somewhere with plenty of plants for use by the group. The series is presented by Kate Humble, with most of the scientists appearing in several series. ==


id: rough-science-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_Science-1.md
category: reference
title: Rough Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:30.622623+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: rough-science-20260505-0
summary:
"Shipwrecked" – Design and build a submersible exploration vehicle to explore a shipwreck, determine when low tide occurs for the best chance at getting to the wreck, and how to purify the scientists' water supply. "Lost at Sea" – Build a distress flare, make an emergency flotation device, and create a warning light activated by seawater. "Call of the Wild" – Const an underwater hydrophone, an underwater viewing device, and create mosquito repellent. "To the Lighthouse" – Build a lighthouse by creating a light source visible from great distances while at sea, as well as create the lighthouse infrastructure and make the light flash. "The Reef" – Create a system to protect a coral reef by alerting approaching boats that they're entering a protected area. "Beneath the Waves" – Build a SCUBA device that can safely be used to a depth of 5 meters and still provide freedom for exploration. == Series 6 == This series, shown in 2005, takes place in the San Juan Mountains in Colorado. For this series, geomorphologist Hermione Cockburn replaced Kathy Sykes. "Power" – Supply electricity and natural gas to their basecamp, located in an old mill. "Safety" – Build a fire extinguisher (using carbon


id: the-science-alliance-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Science_Alliance_(TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: The Science Alliance (TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Science_Alliance_(TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:46:32.162394+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-science-alliance-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
The Science Alliance is an educational television show which was produced and broadcast by TVOntario in 1981–82. The hosts were Rex Hagon and Judy Haladay. The typical episode would feature the hosts demonstrating various aspect of the subject of the episode. In addition, a largely unseen narrator named Bryant would interrupt at pertinent points with a vignette called "Bryant's Giants of Science" which would tell the story of a figure in the history of science and his contribution to scientific knowledge. == Episode list == 11 episodes were produced. They were: "Magnets" "Electricity" "Matter" "Energy" "Machines" "Heat" "Air" "Sound" "Light" "Water" "Safety" All episodes were 15 minutes in length. == External links == The Science Alliance at IMDb


id: science-court-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Court-0.md
category: reference
title: Science Court
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Court
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:47:52.932238+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-court-20260505-0
summary:
Science Court (retitled Squigglevision in 1998) is an educational entertainment, animation/non-traditional court show from Tom Snyder Productions, which was aired on ABC's Disney's One Saturday Morning block from 1997 to 2000. The cartoon was animated in Squigglevision. == Development == Science Court utilized the limited-animation Squigglevision as its style of animation. In 1998, Science Court was renamed to Squigglevision in its second to third seasons. Tom Snyder Productions has released twelve of the episodes into a series of educational CD-ROMs with accompanying workbooks and experiment kits for schools. On December 2, 2004, Snyder, founder and former CEO of Tom Snyder Productions, was inducted into the Association of Educational Publishers Hall of Fame to honor his extraordinary contribution to educational publishing. == Plot and characters == The half-hour program mixed courtroom drama, science experiments, and humor to teach fundamental concepts in elementary and middle school science such as the water cycle, work, matter, gravity, flight, and energy. As each case unfolded, the characters in the trial used humor to highlight scientific misconceptions and model good scientific practice. In a typical episode, a lawsuit or criminal action would take place based around some scientific point. Humor and musical numbers were used to


id: science-in-action-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_in_Action_(TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Science in Action (TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_in_Action_(TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:47:54.090627+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-in-action-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Science in Action is a weekly half-hour television program devoted to science. The program was produced by the California Academy of Sciences, and was broadcast from 1950 to 1966. It was thus among the first live science television program in the United States; The Johns Hopkins Science Review was broadcast from 1948 to 1955, and is apparently the very first such program. In all, 566 programs were produced. Dr. Tom Groody hosted the program for its first two years; he was succeeded by Dr. Earl S. Herald, who was the host for the following fourteen years until production ceased in 1966. Marcel LaFollette has written, "Production approaches that are now standard practice on NOVA and the Discovery Channel derive, in fact, from experimentation by television pioneers like Lynn Poole and Don Herbert and such programs as Adventure, Zoo Parade, Science in Action, and the Bell Telephone System’s science specials. These early efforts were also influenced by television’s love of the dramatic, refined during its first decade and continuing to shape news and public affairs programming, as well as fiction and fantasy, today." LaFollette included the program in her 2008 overview of early broadcasting devoted to science popularization. == References ==


id: scientastic-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientastic!-0.md
category: reference
title: Scientastic!
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientastic!
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:47:55.310143+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: scientastic-20260505-0
summary:
Scientastic! is an elementary to middle school age family television show that explores science, health, and social issues through the eyes of today's youth. The show was created by John A. Pollock, Leo Eaton, and Mike Erskine-Kellie. The show's format blends live-action and animation and is a hybrid of mystery and reality genres, incorporating a fictional plot with interviews from actual doctors and scientists in and around Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where the show is filmed. To date, two episodes have been released. The episode “Are You Sleeping?” was the recipient of two Emmy Awards in 2015. == Concept == The show's concept originated from Duquesne University biology professor John A. Pollock, with the goal of improving science literacy among school students ages 8 to 13 years old. Pollock partnered with television production company Planet Earth Television to create the pilot episode, "Sticks and Stones" (2010) and the subsequent episode “Are You Sleeping?” (2014). Both episodes were directed by Emmy award-winning producer and director Leo Eaton (Zoboomafoo) and written by Mike Erskine-Kellie. The show's storyline follows the character of a young girl driven to explore topics in science out of an interest to learn and a desire to help others and the


id: scigirls-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SciGirls-0.md
category: reference
title: SciGirls
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SciGirls
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:47:56.643593+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: scigirls-20260505-0
summary:
SciGirls is an American live-action/animated children's television series. It was produced by Twin Cities PBS and builds on the "real kids doing real science" approach of DragonflyTV. It is an educational outreach program for elementary school children based on proven best practices for: science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education for girls. It was launched in February 2010 and produced by Twin Cities Public Television, the episodes are broadcast on most PBS stations and the project's website, SciGirls, The show was designed to encourage girls to pursue STEM careers, in response to the low numbers of women in many scientific careers. A sixth season themed around NASA was confirmed and completed, and it premiered on February 3, 2023. The seventh and final season premiered three months later on May 26, 2023. == Overview == Each episode depicts the STEM-themed activities of a group of middle-school girls, including engineering a miniature wind farm, creating a turtle habitat, designing an electronic dress, and more. Additionally, women scientists and engineers mentor the girls, demonstrating that interest in STEM subjects can lead to a rewarding lifelong pursuit. The series is unified by two animated characters, Izzie (voiced by Lara Jill Miller) and Jake (voiced


id: scitech-our-world-tomorrow-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SciTech_-_Our_World_Tomorrow-0.md
category: reference
title: SciTech - Our World Tomorrow
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SciTech_-_Our_World_Tomorrow
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:47:58.230477+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: scitech-our-world-tomorrow-20260505-0
summary:
SciTech - Our World Tomorrow (Arabic: سايتك عالمنا غداً) is the title of two separate but related German-Arabic science television series, one airing on the ONTV (Egypt) television network, the other airing on Oman TV. The series is a cooperation between the German Federal Foreign Office, ONTV (Egypt) and Sultanate of Oman Television. The topics of the series deal with research and inventions in various fields such as energy, transport, environment and technology, with focus on Arabic-German collaborations. The series, hosted by the German journalist Constantin Schreiber in Arabic, is produced in Egypt, Oman and Germany and is broadcast monthly. A new feature in the second season is a talk (Arabic: لقاء الخبراء) in which experts and decision makers are interviewed. The launch ceremony in Muscat was held in June 2012, under the auspices of Dr. Abdullah al Harrasi, chairman of the public authority for radio and television as well as the former German ambassador Angelika Storz-Chakarji. In Egypt, the series was launched on April 19, 2012. == References == == External links == Official Website (English) Official Website (Arabic)


id: the-second-voyage-of-the-mimi-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Second_Voyage_of_the_Mimi-0.md
category: reference
title: The Second Voyage of the Mimi
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Second_Voyage_of_the_Mimi
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:47:59.543271+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-second-voyage-of-the-mimi-20260505-0
summary:
The Second Voyage of the Mimi is a 12-episode American educational television program depicting a fictional crew of a sailboat named the Mimi exploring Mayan ruins in Southern Mexico. Along the way, they learn about ancient civilization and also attempt to foil the plans of looters who steal the artifacts from the ancient sites. This series is a sequel to The Voyage of the Mimi, produced in 1984, in which the Granvilles rented their boat and services to zoologists studying the humpback whale in the waters off Massachusetts. The series aired on PBS and was created by the Bank Street College of Education in 1988 to teach middle-schoolers about science and social studies. In each episode, viewers are taught something scientific relating to plot events in the previous episode of the show. For example, an episode's plot would be about deciphering Mayan writing, and the viewer also receives information about how the Maya wrote various words and numbers. == Cast == The Second Voyage of the Mimi saw a young Ben Affleck return as C.T. Granville, and Peter G. Marston as his grandfather Captain Granville. Marston was a scientist at Massachusetts Institute of Technology during the production of the program


id: serving-through-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serving_Through_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Serving Through Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serving_Through_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:01.175101+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: serving-through-science-20260505-0
summary:
Serving Through Science is "the first regular science-related network series" and the first educational television series broadcast in the United States. The series premiered on the DuMont Television Network in May 1945, and was shown Tuesdays at 9 pm ET. The weekly program starred Dr. Miller McClintock showing short films produced by Encyclopædia Britannica, and was sponsored by U. S. Rubber. The last show aired May 27, 1947. The series' name was also a slogan used by the sponsor in its advertising. == See also == List of programs broadcast by the DuMont Television Network List of surviving DuMont Television Network broadcasts 1946-47 United States network television schedule == References and sources == References Sources David Weinstein, The Forgotten Network: DuMont and the Birth of American Television (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2004) ISBN 1-59213-245-6 Alex McNeil, Total Television, Fourth edition (New York: Penguin Books, 1980) ISBN 0-14-024916-8 Tim Brooks and Earle Marsh, The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network TV Shows, Third edition (New York: Ballantine Books, 1964) ISBN 0-345-31864-1


id: sid-the-science-kid-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sid_the_Science_Kid-0.md
category: reference
title: Sid the Science Kid
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sid_the_Science_Kid
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:02.445074+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: sid-the-science-kid-20260505-0
summary:
Sid the Science Kid, also known as Jim Henson's Sid the Science Kid, is an American animated educational children's television series produced by The Jim Henson Company in association with PBS affiliate KCET, that aired on PBS Kids from September 1, 2008 to March 25, 2013. The show is created using digital puppetry. Each character required two puppeteers working in concert, one performing the face and mouth using a remote manipulator or Waldo, and the other performing the body using performance capture. Development began in early 2007 under the original working title of "What's the Big Idea?" and with the title-character being originally named Josh. In the fall of 2007, the show was retitled "Sid the Science Kid", and the original Josh was renamed to become the title-character. In mid-November 2007, the title-character was altered and, by the end of the month, Gerald, May and Gabriella joined the series as main characters, bringing the total to four. In early December 2007, Susie joined the character list as the only adult, bringing the total to five. Production began in January 2008 with 40 half-hour episodes (in addition to a special) being ordered for the first season as a two-year on-air commitment.


id: sid-the-science-kid-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sid_the_Science_Kid-1.md
category: reference
title: Sid the Science Kid
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sid_the_Science_Kid
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:02.445074+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: sid-the-science-kid-20260505-0
summary:
=== Main === Sid (puppeteers Misty Rosas (body) and Drew Massey (voice and face)) always wished about being a scientist when he grows up. Sid is the most practical character on the show and is often portrayed as a very supportive friend and leading scientist in his group. He ponders many questions every day while at his school, sometimes after thinking of them the night before. His special item is a toy microphone with four different colored buttons. When pressed, the blue button plays the recorded laughter of people, the yellow button plays the recorded applause, the red button makes a cow noise, and the white button records echoes. Sid's mother is of African-American descent and mainly does research as noted in every episode and his father grew up Jewish as noted in the Hanukkah/Christmas/Kwanzaa episode. May (puppeteers Dana Michael Woods (body) and Julianne Buescher (voice and face)) is one of Sid's best friends; she is known for her friendliness and politeness, and is considerably smarter than her other three friends. She is Chinese, has a cat named Mooshu, and wears glasses due to nearsightedness, which is proven in the episode "Grandma's Glasses" when she has trouble seeing the eye


id: sid-the-science-kid-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sid_the_Science_Kid-2.md
category: reference
title: Sid the Science Kid
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sid_the_Science_Kid
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:02.445074+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: sid-the-science-kid-20260505-0
summary:
=== Sid the Science Kid: The Movie (2013) === Sid the Science Kid: The Movie is an animated film premiered on PBS Kids on March 25, 2013 (2013-03-25) (the same day that reruns of the show were added to sister network, PBS Kids Sprout). It featured the original voice cast of the series alongside special guest voice Christopher Lloyd as Dr. Bonanodon. In the film, Sid and his friends enter a contest and win a trip to a new science museum in town. Sid and Gabriela win the contest and are allowed inside the museum before it officially opens to the public. Along the way, they meet some new friends; such as Yangyang, Niuniu, and BobbyBot. However, BobbyBot malfunctions, causing the museum to be in total chaos and havoc, putting the grand opening of the museum in jeopardy. It's up to Sid and his friends to save the museum before it opens up. This also serves as the series finale of Sid the Science Kid. == Awards == "Save the Stump!" won in the Children's Programming category Saturday at the 26th Genesis Awards, presented by the Humane Society of the United States. Additionally, the series has received a total of


id: sidewalk-scientist-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidewalk_Scientist-0.md
category: reference
title: Sidewalk Scientist
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidewalk_Scientist
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:04.123625+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: sidewalk-scientist-20260505-0
summary:
Sidewalk Scientist (Chinese: 學是學非; Jyutping: hok6 si6 hok6 fei1; lit. 'Learn Right and Wrong') is a Hong Kong TV programme broadcast by TVB and presented by Kaki Leung, Ali Lee, Jacqueline Wong, Mayanne Mak, Sammi Cheung, Roxanne Tong, Crystal Fung, Bowie Cheung, Tiffany Lau, Judy Kwong, Regina Ho, Honey Ho, Eunice Chan and Joey Thye. This programme explores the scientific knowledge in daily life through different experiments. Despite its English title, there are also segments to correct common misuse of English or Chinese, to clarify of legal misconceptions and to introduce local history. Sammy Leung was invited as guest host of the special episode of season 1 and has since become a returning guest host in following seasons. In season 2, a male guest host will join in as 'Captain'. In season 3, all of the episodes revolved around sports. The show was nominated at the 2013, 2015 and 2016 TVB Anniversary Awards for the Best Informative Programme, and won the award in 2016. == Topics == A very wide range of topics have been covered by the show, such as: Are there more bacteria in your mouth than on a toilet seat? Will dry ice explode? Are there any


id: sine-skwela-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine'skwela-0.md
category: reference
title: Sine'skwela
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine'skwela
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:06.528603+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: sine-skwela-20260505-0
summary:
Sine'skwela (lit. 'movie-school', a portmanteau of the Filipino words "sine" and "eskwela"), alternatively known as School on Air, is a Philippine television educational show by ABS-CBN and Studio 23. It aired on ABS-CBN from June 6, 1994 to July 30, 2004. The show, moved to Studio 23 from 2007 to 2009 and returned to ABS-CBN from 2009 to 2010. The show aims to educate children about science. Some episodes of the show are available for streaming online on YouTube, via Knowledge Channel. == Format == Sine'skwela is a curriculum-based show, in line with the science classes of public elementary students from Grade 2 to 6 in the Philippines. The Department of Education mandated that the show will be used as a reference for school classes and be screened at least once a week. The episodes does not only focus on basic library research but also on conducted laboratory experiments and field investigations. == Presentation == Sine'skwela simplified the complicated principles of science and technology by casting animated characters, dramatization and colorful visual effects. It also taught children the practical application of science in everyday life. Originally the show cast had been subsequently changed yearly on a basis during the run


id: the-sky-canadian-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sky_(Canadian_TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: The Sky (Canadian TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sky_(Canadian_TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:09.240427+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-sky-canadian-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
The Sky is a Canadian science information television series which aired on CBC Television in 1958. This half-hour series was broadcast on Sundays at 4:30 p.m. (Eastern) from 22 June to 28 September 1958. Bob Fortune, a weather presenter for CBUT and columnist for the Vancouver Sun, hosted this series on various sky-related topics such as astrology, astronomy, aviation, rocketry and weather. == References == == External links == Allan, Blaine (1996). "The Sky". Queen's University. Archived from the original on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 7 May 2010.


id: solar-system-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System_(TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Solar System (TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System_(TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:10.505581+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: solar-system-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Solar System is a 2024 documentary TV miniseries produced by the BBC and narrated by Brian Cox. The first episode was shown on BBC Two on 7 October 2024, with the remaining four episodes made available on BBC iPlayer on the same date. It follows Cox's previous series Wonders of the Solar System, shown in 2010, and The Planets, shown in 2019. The programme is focused on explaining scientific knowledge of the Solar System in simple terms, using a combination of Earth-based experiments, CGI, and real footage. == Episodes == == References == == External links == Solar System at BBC Online Solar System at IMDb


id: space-race-llc-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Race,_LLC-0.md
category: reference
title: Space Race, LLC
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Race,_LLC
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:11.735635+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: space-race-llc-20260505-0
summary:
Space Race, LLC is an American independent production company founded by Richard Schweiger and Julian Cohen on January 2010. The company was best known for producing the award-winning PBS Kids television series Space Racers, which was the company's only production to date. == History == == Productions == === Television series === == Stardust Animation == Stardust Animation is an American animation studio and a subsidiary of Space Race, LLC. The company was established in 2020 by its founders Mark Risley, Michael Matays, and Matthias Schmitt. The animation studio became dormant and was shut down and folded into its parent company in 2022, with the website shutting down 3 years later in 2025. == References ==


id: space-racers-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Racers-0.md
category: reference
title: Space Racers
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Racers
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:13.068267+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: space-racers-20260505-0
summary:
Space Racers is an American animated STEM-focused educational animated television series featuring the space travel cadets of the Stardust Space Academy. The series was produced by Stardust Animation for seasons 1 and 2, and co-produced by Maryland Public Television for season 1, and later WNET for seasons 2 and onward. The show began as a web series on March 22, 2011 entitled Space Race, then debuted as a television series on May 2, 2014 on select public television stations. The second season of the show debuted on October 31, 2016 on Sprout (now Universal Kids). Since the second season, the show's original production funding was provided by NASA, which involves science and space technology education, in partnerships with U.S. Space & Rocket Center and U.S. Space Camp. == Premise == Space Racers is an educational animated television series. The show follows the Space Racers cadets, a group of anthropomorphic spaceships resembling and named after various species of birds, as they travel the Solar System exploring space through assigned missions. The main characters, Eagle, Hawk, Raven, Robyn, and Starling, are cadets at the Stardust Space Academy, and each episode they discover a series of space-based scientific discoveries. The cadets spend each


id: space-racers-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Racers-1.md
category: reference
title: Space Racers
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Racers
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:13.068267+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: space-racers-20260505-0
summary:
==== Other ==== Kiwi is a junior cadet at the Stardust Space Academy. Trogon (voiced by Rick Zieff) is a Russian rocket scientist who works in the crater, the giant warehouse on Mars, and Deep Space Station Gagarin. He also graduated from the Sputnik Space Academy. Dinky is an assistant robot created by Coot. Merlin is a cadet at the Stardust Space Academy. He was "born" with one wing smaller than the other, and rather than getting it replaced, kept it. Loon (voiced by Rick Zieff) is the eccentric, energetic, and beloved Senior Chief Engineer at Lunar Base Alpha. He is also referred to by Vulture as the senior officer at the moon base, and mentions that he has been working on the base since its construction. Mallard: Hawk's cousin. Giotto Probe (voiced by Allan Neuwirth) is a probe who once tried to help the cadets who were stuck in a Proton storm. Falcon Fairflight is a racer who raced Swift Starlight in the last race of his career. Racing around the moon and back, Swift allowed Falcon to take the lead and then mysteriously disappeared. Falcon ended up winning the race by default. Falcon is also the father of


id: standby-lights-camera-action-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standby...Lights!_Camera!_Action!-0.md
category: reference
title: Standby...Lights! Camera! Action!
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standby...Lights!_Camera!_Action!
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:14.379244+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: standby-lights-camera-action-20260505-0
summary:
Standby...Lights! Camera! Action! is an American educational television series hosted by Leonard Nimoy. The program aired on Nickelodeon from October 1982 to December 31, 1987. Episodes of the show include interviews with film crew members and examine the stages of production for various motion pictures in a behind-the-scenes format. == Format == Episodes of the series open with host Leonard Nimoy at the Nickelodeon studio, introducing himself and announcing the episode's focus (such as performing stunts, special effects or animation). Nimoy would then leave the Nickelodeon studio to visit a filming location, where he described how different motion pictures incorporated the episode's topic. He typically examined three upcoming films in each one-hour segment before returning to the Nickelodeon studio and signing off. == History == Nickelodeon executive Cy Schneider green-lit the series in 1981 in an aim to add variety to Nickelodeon's schedule, which at the time only consisted of five looped programs. Nickelodeon initially ordered a twelve-episode first season, later increased to twenty. In a 1984 interview with The New York Times, Warner-Amex president John A. Schneider stated that having Nimoy host the series was part of a strategy to "seduce kids into watching" using popular actors. When asked


id: startalk-american-talk-show-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StarTalk_(American_talk_show)-0.md
category: reference
title: StarTalk (American talk show)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StarTalk_(American_talk_show)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:15.629157+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: startalk-american-talk-show-20260505-0
summary:
StarTalk is an American television talk show hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson that aired weekly on National Geographic. StarTalk is a spin-off of the podcast of the same name, in which Tyson discusses scientific topics through one-on-one interviews and panel discussions. Space.com called it the "first-ever science-themed late-night talk show." The series premiered on April 20, 2015. == Format == The format of the show broadly follows the format of the podcast. This consists of a pre-taped discussion between Tyson and the guest of the week, which is shown in segments interspersed with the segments filmed in front of the live audience. Those segments consist of a discussion between Tyson, a specialist related to the guest's area of expertise, and a comedian (most commonly Chuck Nice or Eugene Mirman or Maeve Higgins). Near the end of the episode, a short taped segment of Bill Nye, giving his view of the episode's topic, is often aired. == Episodes == === Season 1 (2015) === === Season 2 (2015–16) === === Season 3 (2016–17) === === Season 4 (2017–18) === === Season 5 (2018–19) === == Broadcast == In Australia, the series premiered on National Geographic Channel on April 27, 2015. From


id: stephen-hawking-master-of-the-universe-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hawking:_Master_of_the_Universe-0.md
category: reference
title: Stephen Hawking: Master of the Universe
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hawking:_Master_of_the_Universe
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:16.851053+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: stephen-hawking-master-of-the-universe-20260505-0
summary:
Stephen Hawking: Master of the Universe is a documentary television series produced by the television broadcaster Channel 4. The subject of the series is British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking, known for his work on black holes, who is also the presenter of the series. The series includes interviews with astrophysicist Kim Weaver, Bernard Carr, a student of Hawking's, and three theoretical physicists: Michio Kaku, Edward Witten, known for his work on superstring theory, and Lisa Randall. The first episode premiered in 2008, twenty years after the publication of Hawking's bestselling popular science book A Brief History of Time. The title is derived from a Newsweek cover. The series consisted of two episodes. The first describes Hawking's personal life, his challenges in overcoming his motor neurone disease, and his career in physics. It covers his childhood, education, marriage, family life, and his work on the Big Bang and black holes. The second episode discusses string theory and supersymmetry. Both episodes are 48 minutes long, and premiered as half-hour-long programmes. The series was released on CD by Channel 4 in the UK as a Region 2, one disc-DVD (B00140SGOM) on 18 March 2008. == Reception == The premiere of the first episode


id: techknow-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TechKnow-0.md
category: reference
title: TechKnow
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TechKnow
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:18.012024+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: techknow-20260505-0
summary:
TechKnow is a 30-minute news program on the Al Jazeera English and, formerly, Al Jazeera America networks. The show ran from April 2014 until December 2017, profiling advances and inventions in the areas of science, technology and medicine. The series was hosted by an ensemble, notably led by science communicators Phil Torres, Shini Somara, Cara Santa Maria. The show was created by executive producers Steve Lange and Roland Woerner of the Los Angeles–based Make Fresh Productions. The show's main setting is Republic of Pie in North Hollywood, California. Present program on the Al Jazeera Balkans networks. == External links == Techknow minisite on Al Jazeera English site


id: tu-mourras-moins-b-te-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu_mourras_moins_bête...-0.md
category: reference
title: Tu mourras moins bête...
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu_mourras_moins_bête...
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:19.240606+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: tu-mourras-moins-b-te-20260505-0
summary:
Tu mourras moins bête... (You will die less stupid...) (German name: Wer nicht fragt, stirbt dumm! (He who doesn't ask dies stupid!)) is a French television show on Franco-German TV network Arte. The animation series is based on the blog Tu mourras moins bête by French comic artist Marion Montaigne. == Plot == In the stories, the omniscient Professor Moustache (German name: Professor Schnauzbart) finds answers to curious questions from the world of science. == Cast == François Morel as Professor Moustache Jérôme Pauwels as Nathanaël == Synchronous voices == The synchronous work for the German version is carried out by Christa Kistner Synchronproduktion, and the dialogue direction is made by Olaf Mierau. == Episode list == == Reception == On the occasion of the broadcast of the first episode of Tu mourras moins bête, in 2015, the cultural magazine Télérama rewarded the series with two T's,which in its rating system means We like a lot. The critic highlights in particular the author's sense of humor: "Marion Montaigne masters in any case perfectly the mechanisms of laughter: she is able to tease our armpits with the Higgs boson, the operation of a nuclear power plant or ophthalmology in animals. In


id: two-for-physics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_for_Physics-0.md
category: reference
title: Two for Physics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_for_Physics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:20.789318+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: two-for-physics-20260505-0
summary:
Two for Physics is a Canadian science television series which aired on CBC Television in 1959. == Premise == This Toronto-produced series on scientific subjects concerned the realm of physics. It was hosted by Patterson Hume and Donald Ivey, professors with the University of Toronto who were previously featured on the local CBLT series Live And Learn. == Shows == == Scheduling == This half-hour series was broadcast on Tuesdays at 10:30 p.m. from 7 July to 29 September 1959. == References == == External links == Allan, Blaine (1996). "Two for Physics". Queen's University. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2010.


id: the-voyage-of-the-mimi-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Voyage_of_the_Mimi-0.md
category: reference
title: The Voyage of the Mimi
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Voyage_of_the_Mimi
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:21.946303+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-voyage-of-the-mimi-20260505-0
summary:
The Voyage of the Mimi is a thirteen-episode American educational television program depicting the crew of the ship Mimi exploring the ocean and taking a census of humpback whales. The series aired on PBS (Public Broadcasting Service) and was created by the Bank Street College of Education in 1984 to teach middle-schoolers about science and mathematics in an interesting and interactive way, where every lesson related to real world applications. Its budget was 3.65 million dollars. Each video segment has accompanying student and teacher handouts or worksheets. Four software modules are available that covered topics and skills in navigation and map reading, computer literacy and programming, the elements of ecosystems, and the natural environment of whales. The series was later released on VHS and as a LaserDisc collection. In August 2014, the series was released in digital form via iTunes U. == Episodes == Each episode consists of two fifteen-minute segments: the fictional story of the voyage of the Mimi, then an expedition that reveals the science behind the storyline explored in the episode. The first segment of each episode follows a serialized tale of scientists taking a census of humpback whales off the coast of Massachusetts. Captain Clement Tyler


id: the-voyage-of-the-mimi-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Voyage_of_the_Mimi-1.md
category: reference
title: The Voyage of the Mimi
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Voyage_of_the_Mimi
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:21.946303+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-voyage-of-the-mimi-20260505-0
summary:
=== Television career === By 1984, the Mimi had a new owner, Peter Marston. The boat was kept moored in Gloucester, Massachusetts, throughout the filming of the series and thereafter. In addition to its role in "The Voyage of the Mimi," which began in 1984, the boat was used from the late 1980s through the 1990s to teach schoolchildren using the Mimi curriculum. Each school year, the Mimi sailed from New England to the Gulf of Mexico and back, stopping at pre-arranged ports of call to meet with students in grades 4 through 7, and their teachers. At each port, "Mimifests" were held, which included various activities and presentations about marine life, seamanship, and navigation. It went from city to city and acted as a tourist attraction in places such as Salem, Massachusetts, Boston, and other cities. In 1988, Peter Marston and other freelance musicians produced a cassette, Sea Songs from the Mimi Crew, of old-time sea songs self-published under the name "The Barn School" based in Gloucester, Massachusetts. Other souvenirs were also available from the sailing vessel Mimi such as T-shirts and buttons reading "I was on board the Mimi". The souvenirs are no longer manufactured, and are even


id: watch-mr-wizard-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch_Mr._Wizard-0.md
category: reference
title: Watch Mr. Wizard
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch_Mr._Wizard
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:23.225821+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: watch-mr-wizard-20260505-0
summary:
Watch Mr. Wizard is an American children's television series that demonstrates the science behind ordinary things. The series' creator and on-air host was Don Herbert. Author Marcel LaFollette says of the program, "It enjoyed consistent praise, awards, and high ratings throughout its history. At its peak, Watch Mr. Wizard drew audiences in the millions, but its impact was far wider. By 1956, it had prompted the establishment of more than five thousand Mr. Wizard science clubs, with an estimated membership greater than one hundred thousand." It was briefly revived in 1971, and a third version of the show ran during the 1980s on the children's cable television network Nickelodeon as Mr. Wizard's World. == 1951–1965: Original series == Watch Mr. Wizard first aired on NBC on March 3, 1951, with Don Herbert as the title character. In the weekly half-hour live television show, Herbert played a science hobbyist and every Saturday morning a neighbor would come to visit. The children were played by child actors; one of them (Rita McLaughlin) enjoyed a long subsequent acting career. Mr. Wizard always had some kind of laboratory experiment going that taught something about science. The experiments, many of which seemed impossible at first


id: weird-but-true-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weird_but_True!-0.md
category: reference
title: Weird but True!
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weird_but_True!
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:24.774263+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: weird-but-true-20260505-0
summary:
Weird but True! is an American educational children's television series created by and starring Charlie Engelman with his sister Kirby Engelman (seasons 1–2) and Carly Ciarrocchi (season 3). It originally aired on National Geographic Kids for two seasons, and moved to Disney+ for its third and final season. Inspired by the National Geographic book series of the same name, much of its style and heavy use of paper models created by the Engelmans are continued from their earlier National Geographic short video series Nature Boom Time. == Format == Using crafting with paper products, the Engelman siblings explore "weird but true" things about a broad-range of subjects, mostly focusing on science. They interview experts and travel to locations such as crime labs, amusement parks, and the Everglades to find answers to their questions and discover weird but true facts, often having their experts share their favorite one. Their other sister Casey appears as a guest star. Originally, the basement and other scenes set at their house were filmed at Charlie and Kirby's parents' house and basement, in a suburb north of Chicago. For season three, the budget was increased and the basement scenes were filmed at a studio in New


id: what-s-new-american-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What's_New-0.md
category: reference
title: What's New? (American TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What's_New?_(American_TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:26.048766+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: what-s-new-american-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
What's New? is a half-hour American daily science and entertainment television program for children, that was broadcast on the National Educational Television (NET) network and its 1970 successor, the Public Broadcasting System (PBS), from 1962 to 1973. The program aired in black-and-white and, then as of October 1967, in color. The show began with a marching theme, with the narrator saying: "In, Out, and Round About. Here, There, and Everywhere. What's New?" The target audience was upper elementary school and junior high school grades. The show was hosted by Al Binford, with daily segments presented by science teacher George Fischbeck, naturalist Murl Deusing and others, including deaf mime actor Bernard Bragg whose silent semi-comical educational adventure sketches were based on the artistry of his teacher, Marcel Marceau. Ron Finley created the opening credits. Each program would deal with three different topics, such as baseball or space science. == References ==


id: why-am-i-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_Am_I-0.md
category: reference
title: Why Am I?
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_Am_I?
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:27.835349+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: why-am-i-20260505-0
summary:
Why Am I?: The Science of Us (also known as Predict My Future: The Science of Us) is a 2016 New Zealand documentary series about the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (also known as 'The Dunedin Study'), a long-running cohort study following 1037 people born in Dunedin, New Zealand during 1972 and 1973. The study revealed the result of the combined effects of hereditary (genes) and environment (upbringing) on how people turn out. The series of four sixty minute episodes was made by Razor Films of Auckland, New Zealand, and screened on TV One from 31 May to 21 June 2016, with all four episodes available online on TVNZ On Demand. The series follows the study and information it has provided in almost every field of medical and social development including respiratory and cardiovascular health, addictions, obesity, sexual health, cognitive neuroscience, psychiatry, genetics and criminology and the effects of nature and nurture on health and behaviour. == Episodes == == External links == Why Am I? at IMDb Why Am I? (TVNZ On Demand) Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit website


id: why-is-it-so-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_Is_It_So-0.md
category: reference
title: Why Is It So?
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_Is_It_So?
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:29.093510+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: why-is-it-so-20260505-0
summary:
Why Is It So? is an educational science series produced in Australia by ABC Television from 1963 to 1986. The series was hosted by American scientist Julius Sumner Miller, who demonstrated experiments in the world of physics. The series was also screened in the United States, Canada, New Zealand and in Europe. This program was based on his 1959 series Why Is It So? in the United States on KNXT (now KCBS-TV) Channel 2 in Los Angeles. Several segments from the program have been uploaded to the ABC Science YouTube channel. == References == == External links == Why Is It So? at IMDb


id: the-why-why-family-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Why_Why_Family-0.md
category: reference
title: The Why Why Family
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Why_Why_Family
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:30.550746+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-why-why-family-20260505-0
summary:
The Why Why Family (French: Les Kikekoi, also known as Saban's The Why Why Family) is an animated children's television series, which originally aired from late 1996 to 1997. It was produced by Saban International Paris and Saban Entertainment. The show was broadcast internationally on Fox Kids (starting with Fox Kids Netherlands and Fox Kids UK feeds later expanded airs on other feeds), while in the United States it was syndicated as part of the company's "The Saban Network for Kids!" strand. Character designs and comedy elements emulate vintage cartoons. == Synopsis == Every episode begins with Victor (off-screen) summarizing what his family members will teach him in the episode. Each episode is divided into 5 segments. In each segment, Victor asks a family member a popular scientific question, following an extensive answer by said family member/s with a particular expertise in the field of science involved in the question. Each of these segments has its short intro and The End sketches for the specific characters. Each sketch is titled <(character name/s) in (topic)>. Before the end credits in each episode, Max asks Victor "Well Victor, what did you learn today?" to which he begins with "Tons of neat stuff",


id: wonder-why-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonder_Why-0.md
category: reference
title: Wonder Why?
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonder_Why?
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:32.096052+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wonder-why-20260505-0
summary:
Wonder Why? is a Canadian educational television program for children, produced by ATV in Halifax, Nova Scotia and aired nationally by CTV between 1990 and 1994. The program starred then-ATV chief meteorologist Richard Zurawski as the host and Liam Hyland as the young detective Question Mark. Running for 4 seasons, the Maritime-based science show won the CanPro Award each year for Best Educational Show for children. Each episode examined topics related to science, technology, and everyday items or processes. == Cast == == External links == Wonder Why at IMDb TV Archive == References ==


id: the-world-of-chemistry-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_of_Chemistry-0.md
category: reference
title: The World of Chemistry
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_of_Chemistry
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:33.443422+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-world-of-chemistry-20260505-0
summary:
The World of Chemistry is a television series on introductory chemistry hosted by Nobel Prize-winning chemist Roald Hoffmann. The series consists of 26 half-hour video programs, along with coordinated books, which explore various topics in chemistry through experiments conducted by Stevens Point emeritus professor Don Showalter the "series demonstrator" and interviews with working chemists, it also includes physics and earth science related components. The series was produced by the University of Maryland, College Park and the Educational Film Center and was funded by the Annenberg/CPB Project (now the Annenberg Foundation), it was filmed in 1988 and first aired on PBS in 1990. This series supports science standards recognized nationally by the United States (NSTA and NCSESA) and is still widely used in high school and college chemistry courses. The entire series was previously available on learner.org for free in an online video streaming format, but streaming for this series was discontinued on June 25, 2019. == Awards == The awards won by The World of Chemistry are given below American Film and Video Festival1990 Finalist Award for "On the Surface" Columbus International Film and Video Festival1991 Honorable Mention Award for "Color" Houston International Film Festival "Worldfest Houston"1991 Silver Award for


id: y-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y-0.md
category: reference
title: Y?
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y?
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:34.721579+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: y-20260505-0
summary:
Y? was an educational children's science program shown on the Nine Network in Australia. It was produced by Southern Star Endemol between 1999 and 2002. Each episode ran for 22 minutes. A total of five seasons were recorded. Each season was 65 episodes long. Season 1 was hosted by Joanne Nova with Alanna Edwards and seasons 2 to 5 were hosted by Tara Colegrave and 'science host' David Lampard. The show featured in-studio science experiments. In season 1 these were presented by Nova but in later seasons these were presented by Lampard (and occasionally by Colegrave). The program was interspersed with external segments where other presenters go to forests, factories, etc. and explain practical science phenomena, usually based upon questions sent in by viewers. The presenters included Brad Hills, Kristy Mollica, Joseph May, Lisa Barry and Taryn Onafaro. The show was in many ways similar to The Curiosity Show, which ran many years earlier. However, the hosts of Y? were charismatic younger adults, compared with the older academic Prof. Rob Morrison and Dr. Deane Hutton who hosted the earlier counterpart, making Y? inherently more appealing to children. Y? did not labour to "dumb down" the science content of its experiments


id: year-million-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year_Million-0.md
category: reference
title: Year Million
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year_Million
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:36.063221+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: year-million-20260505-0
summary:
Year Million is a six-part documentary and science fiction television series produced by National Geographic, which premiered on May 15, 2017, on their channel. The series received two Emmy Award nominations, including a Primetime Emmy for its narrator Laurence Fishburne. The series is based on the 2008 book Year Million: Science at the Far Edge of Knowledge by Damien Broderick. The narrative alternates between a story set in the future about a family of three and 2016 interviews that explain the events unfolding in the story. The series was filmed in Budapest. == Synopsis == Investigating the ramifications of a variety of potentially world-changing inventions, the series visits a cast of characters representing a typical American family in several different possible timelines. Ray Kurzweil, Michio Kaku, Peter Diamandis and Brian Greene guide the documentary aspect, discussing possible changes the future might hold based on their research: Artificial Intelligence, Man merging with Machine, the human species becoming an interplanetary entity. Exploring life in both the near and the far future, where artificial intelligence is ubiquitous and advances in science have radically extended our lifespans. The series aims to show that communication, work and education will be revolutionized through virtual telepathy. ==


id: young-scientists-of-the-year-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Scientists_of_the_Year-0.md
category: reference
title: Young Scientists of the Year
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Scientists_of_the_Year
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:37.439461+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: young-scientists-of-the-year-20260505-0
summary:
Young Scientists of the Year was a BBC1 television series which ran from 1966 to 1981. == History == === 1960s === The series first aired on Thursday 7 July 1966 on BBC1 at 18:30 and was called Science Fair '66. It was thirty minutes and the first final was on 18 August 1966 at 18:55 and was 35 minutes. The inaugural winners were Michael Breton and Barry Lewis. The 1967 series first aired on Friday 7 April at 18:15 and was twenty five minutes. The series was called Science Fair '67 and the final was on 19 May 1967 at 18:15 and was forty-five minutes. The 1968 series was first aired on Thursday 11 January at 18:40, and was called Science Fair '68, where the four heats would compete for the title of Young Scientists of the Year, and the programme was twenty five minutes. The final was aired on Thursday 22 February 1968 at 18:15, and was fifty minutes. The next series was first aired on Thursday 16 January 1969 at 18:40 and was twenty five minutes. It was called Science Fair '69, and had six heats. === 1970s === The fourth series in 1970 was called Young


id: the-zula-patrol-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Zula_Patrol-0.md
category: reference
title: The Zula Patrol
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Zula_Patrol
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:38.728732+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-zula-patrol-20260505-0
summary:
The Zula Patrol is an American animated children's television series that aired from September 2005 to June 2008. It was produced by Kambooteron Productions, Gotham Entertainment and The Hatchery and distributed by American Public Television to PBS stations within the United States. The series is about a group of aliens that travel the galaxies to learn about science and space exploration. The series also aired reruns and a marathon on Qubo. == Characters == === The Zula Patrol === Captain Bula (voiced by Cam Clarke) is a lime green alien and the captain/leader of the Zula Patrol. Bula is very compassionate, patient and likes to assist other characters in the series. Space Pilot Zeeter (voiced by Colleen O'Shaughnessey) is a purple alien and the Zula Patrol’s main pilot and one of the main protagonists of the series. She is mainly Bula’s companion. When not piloting the ship, Zeeter often rides her Zula-scooter just for fun, which is made from iron. Professor Multo (also voiced by Cam Clarke) is a yellowish-orange three-eyed scientist for the Zula Patrol. He is known as the most intelligent patroller of the Zula Patrol, known for creating various inventions, and has an encyclopedia-like book called the


id: 36-questions-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36_Questions-0.md
category: reference
title: 36 Questions
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36_Questions
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:40.486978+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: 36-questions-20260505-0
summary:
36 Questions is a 2017 musical podcast by Two-Up Productions with music and lyrics by Chris Littler and Ellen Winter and sound design by Joel Raabe. It follows the story of an estranged husband and wife trying to reconnect over the "36 Questions That Lead to Love", which were a part of a psychological study by Arthur Aron that explores intimacy. Released in three 50-minute acts, the three episodes were released by Two-Up Productions on July 10, July 24, and August 7, respectively, and it starred Jonathan Groff and Jessie Shelton. == Casts == == Musical numbers == == Characters == Judith Ford (Natalie Cook) – Jase's estranged wife, who lied about her name when she met Jase, using the name Natalie Cook, which she used throughout the two years of their relationship. Despite lying about her identity, she loves Jase and attempts to save their relationship by using the 36 Questions. Jase Connolly – Judith's estranged husband, who was under the impression that Judith was called Natalie Cook for their entire relationship. After finding out that 'Natalie' was actually called Judith and had faked her identity for the entirety of their relationship, he leaves without saying goodbye, leaving his


id: 36-questions-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36_Questions-1.md
category: reference
title: 36 Questions
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36_Questions
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:40.486978+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: 36-questions-20260505-0
summary:
=== Act III === Act 3 opens up with Judith walking back to Jase’s house. She admits that she's frustrated, but wants to finish what she started, claiming once again that Jase deserves to fully know the person he's walking away from. Upon catching Jase in a hurry to pick up his moms from the airport, the pair begin arguing until Jase draws the line, telling Judith directly that he’s done, and leaves. Over an instrumental reprise of “Hear Me Out”, Judith gives herself a pep talk, saying it'll be strange to live without him, but that she deserves to let him go and build a better version on her own. She says that she loves Jase and she probably always will, and leaves her phone in his mailbox for him to find. ("Answer 36") The record shuts off. Jase finds the phone and in the span of 2010 to 2017, he chimes in frequently with new recordings, documenting what has changed and reflecting on his feelings about the situation with Judith as he often finds himself listening back to parts of the record. He discloses that he briefly got together with one of his old partners and they had


id: apa-style-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_style-0.md
category: reference
title: APA style
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_style
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:41.772973+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: apa-style-20260505-0
summary:
APA style (also known as APA format) is a writing style and format for academic documents such as scholarly journal articles and books. It is commonly used for citing sources within the field of behavioral and social sciences, including sociology, education, nursing, criminal justice, anthropology, and psychology. It is described in the style guide of the American Psychological Association (APA), titled the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. The guidelines were developed to aid reading comprehension in the social and behavioral sciences, for clarity of communication, and for "word choice that best reduces bias in language". APA style is widely used, either entirely or with modifications, by hundreds of other scientific journals, in many textbooks, and in academia (for papers written in classes). The current edition is its seventh revision. The APA became involved in journal publishing in 1923. In 1929, an APA committee had a seven-page writer's guide published in the Psychological Bulletin. In 1944, a 32-page guide appeared as an article in the same journal. The first edition of the APA Publication Manual was published in 1952 as a 61-page supplement to the Psychological Bulletin, marking the beginning of a recognized "APA style". The initial edition went


id: at-the-hub-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At_the_Hub-0.md
category: reference
title: At the Hub
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At_the_Hub
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:42.955442+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: at-the-hub-20260505-0
summary:
At the Hub (Hebrew: בַּעֲבִי הַשִּׁיר: מבחר שירים, tr. Ba-'avi ha-shir: Mivhar shirim) is a lengthy 2007 Hebrew political poem written by Uri Zvi Greenberg and edited by Dan Miron and Greenberg's widow Aliza Greenberg–Tur-Malka. Its publishing was made possible with the help of the Menachem Begin Heritage Center, the Israeli Ministry of Education, the Israeli Ministry of Culture and Sport, the Yehoshua Rabinovich Foundation for the Arts, Tel Aviv, and, the Mifal HaPais Council for the Culture and Arts. == Reception == Writing for the liberal newspaper Haaretz, Ariel Hirschfeld from Hebrew University of Jerusalem's Hebrew literature department called the poem "one of the highest peaks of Hebrew poetry", and compared Greenberg's work to those of Hayim Nahman Bialik, Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Dahlia Ravikovitch, James Joyce, Dr. Nathan Zach, Franz Kafka, Dr. Yitzhak Laor, W. B. Yeats, William Faulkner, Osip Mandelstam, and, Rainer Maria Rilke, "as, his work is equal to theirs," adding that the poem "is a wellspring of rare beauty and wisdom," and is "the most profound confrontation written in Hebrew with man's breakdown during the 20th century, including the dissolution of European Jewry during World War II, which is man's shattered mirror." Also writing for Haaretz,


id: channel-zero-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_Zero_(TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Channel Zero (TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_Zero_(TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:44.292572+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: channel-zero-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Channel Zero is an American horror anthology television series created by Nick Antosca, who served as writer, showrunner, and executive producer. The series was greenlit for two 6-episode, self-contained seasons, which aired in late 2016 and late 2017 on Syfy. The storylines for the series are based on popular creepypastas. On February 9, 2017, Syfy renewed the series for a third and fourth season. The series premiered on October 11, 2016. The first installment, based on Kris Straub's Candle Cove, stars Paul Schneider and Fiona Shaw and was directed by Craig William Macneill. It centers on Straub's story of one man's obsessive recollection of a mysterious children's television program from the 1980s. The second season premiered on September 20, 2017, is based on Brian Russell's The No-End House and was directed by Steven Piet. The third season, Butcher's Block, premiered on February 7, 2018, is based on Kerry Hammond's "Search and Rescue Woods" and was directed by Arkasha Stevenson. The fourth season, The Dream Door, was broadcast between October 26 and 31, 2018, is based on Charlotte Bywater's "Hidden Door" and was directed by E. L. Katz. On January 16, 2019, Syfy cancelled Channel Zero after four seasons. == Series


id: green-door-miniseries-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Door_(miniseries)-0.md
category: reference
title: Green Door (miniseries)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Door_(miniseries)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:45.545368+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: green-door-miniseries-20260505-0
summary:
Green Door is a 2019 Taiwanese horror thriller drama television miniseries directed and co-written by Lingo Hsieh, based on the novel of the same name by Joseph Chen. The miniseries stars Jam Hsiao, Kuo Bea-ting, Enno Cheng, and Hsieh Ying-xuan. It follows a troubled psychologist who returns from the United States to set up a psychology clinic called Green Door in Taiwan, where mysterious patients and uncanny events shed light on his murky past. == Cast == Jam Hsiao as Wei Sung-yen Bea Hayden as Hung Yu-mei Enno Cheng as Liu Zao-yun Wan-Ru Zhan as Mary Hsieh Ying-hsuan as Yu Hsiu-chi Yi-Ting Wu as Elly Hai-Yung Shen as Chang Li-hua Ya-yun Lan as Doris Wei-Hua Lan as Shen Jin-fa Kurt Chou as Major Chiang Ting as Grandpa Chu Yueh-hsin Chu as Master Hsu-kung Yu-Chieh Cheng as Chen Hao-chieh == Release == Green Door premiered on PTS on February 16, 2019, and concluded on March 16, 2019, consisting of six episodes. Netflix picked up global streaming rights to the series and released it on March 16, 2019. == Awards and nominations == == References == == External links == Official website (in Chinese) Green Door at IMDb Green Door on Netflix


id: journal-of-polymorphous-perversity-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Polymorphous_Perversity-0.md
category: reference
title: Journal of Polymorphous Perversity
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Polymorphous_Perversity
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:46.778280+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: journal-of-polymorphous-perversity-20260505-0
summary:
Journal of Polymorphous Perversity is a satirical magazine about psychology, established and published by American psychologist Glenn Ellenbogen. Between 1984 and 2003, a total of 40 issues were published, with articles written by professionals and lay people. There are four published collections of articles: Oral Sadism and the Vegetarian Personality (1987), The Primal Whimper (1989), Freudulent Encounters (1992), and More Oral Sadism And The Vegetarian Personality (1996). == See also == Annals of Improbable Research Journal of Irreproducible Results == References == == External links == Official website


id: mad-in-america-website-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad_in_America_(website)-0.md
category: reference
title: Mad in America (website)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad_in_America_(website)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:48.010548+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: mad-in-america-website-20260505-0
summary:
Mad in America is a webzine dedicated to critical perspectives on modern psychiatry. It was founded in 2012 by Robert Whitaker, who also publishes the site. Whitaker founded the Mad in America website in response to the positive reactions to his books Mad in America and Anatomy of an Epidemic. Its mission statement originally stated, Mad in America’s mission is to serve as a catalyst for rethinking psychiatric care in the United States (and abroad). We believe that the current drug-based paradigm of care has failed our society, and that scientific research, as well as the lived experience of those who have been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, calls for profound change. The site has been described as "one important umbrella site for critical engagements with psychiatry" and an example of "active groups and actors with a history of providing robust commentary on the DSM" by Martyn Pickersgill in the Journal of Medical Ethics. == References == == External links == Official website


id: maniac-miniseries-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniac_(miniseries)-0.md
category: reference
title: Maniac (miniseries)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniac_(miniseries)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:49.341375+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: maniac-miniseries-20260505-0
summary:
Maniac is an American psychological black comedy drama television miniseries that premiered on Netflix on September 21, 2018, after being announced in 2016. Patrick Somerville created the series and Cary Joji Fukunaga directed, basing it very loosely on the 2015 Norwegian television series of the same name (starring co-creator Espen PA Lervaag) while drawing inspiration from many more famous films. The 10-episode series stars Emma Stone, Jonah Hill, Justin Theroux, Sonoya Mizuno, Gabriel Byrne, and Sally Field. The plot follows two strangers who connect during a mind-bending pharmaceutical trial set in a retro-future New York City. The series received positive reviews from critics upon release, with many praising its visuals, direction, and acting, particularly the performances of Stone and Hill. The series received multiple accolades, including nominations for Stone's performance—both at the 23rd Satellite Awards and the 25th Screen Actors Guild Awards—and for the series's overall writing—at the 71st Writers Guild of America Awards. == Premise == Maniac follows Annie Landsberg and Owen Milgrim, two strangers who connect during a risky, psychologically intense, twelve-person, mind-bending pharmaceutical trial conducted by Neberdine Pharmaceutical Biotech (NPB). The experiment, originally overseen by Dr. Robert Muramoto and Dr. Azumi Fujita, later falls under the purview


id: maniac-miniseries-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniac_(miniseries)-1.md
category: reference
title: Maniac (miniseries)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniac_(miniseries)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:49.341375+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: maniac-miniseries-20260505-0
summary:
On September 13, 2018, the series held its world premiere at the Southbank Centre in London, England. On September 20, 2018, the series held its American premiere at Center 415 in Manhattan, New York. == Reception == === Critical response === The series was met with a positive response from critics. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds an 85% approval rating, with an average rating of 7.6 out of 10 based on 104 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Maniac enthralls with its dazzling visuals, adventurous narrative, and striking performances from both Emma Stone and Jonah Hill." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the series a score of 76 out of 100 based on 24 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". In a positive review, Variety's Daniel D'Addario commended the series saying, "The beautifully made Maniac plunges viewers into a fictional world that's both divergent from our own and instantly recognizable—and then reinvents itself several times over, skittering across time, space and genre to tell a story of connection that feels urgent and deeply, painfully human...As a trial of something new, Maniac passes every test, and ascends instantly to take its place among the very best


id: master-of-darkness-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Darkness-0.md
category: reference
title: Master of Darkness
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Darkness
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:50.614033+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: master-of-darkness-20260505-0
summary:
Master of Darkness is an action-platform video game developed and published by SIMS for the Game Gear and Master System. Sega, who would later acquire SIMS, released the game outside Japan. The initial setting of the game is London. A psychologist believes that a recent series of murders have been performed by Count Dracula, and is searching for the vampire to defeat him. Dracula is actually dead. The murders are instead performed by Jack the Ripper, who is trying to achieve Dracula's resurrection through human sacrifice rituals. == Overview == Master of Darkness is a platform game, very similar to Castlevania. The plot has the player entering the role of a Ouija board-playing psychologist named Dr. Ferdinand Social. He is looking to defeat Count Dracula, who is behind a series of killings in London that have been attributed to Jack the Ripper. However, Jack the Ripper is indeed responsible, for he is using the victim's bodies and fresh blood for sacrificial offerings – as part of a dark ritual being performed by Count Massen to resurrect Dracula. Also taking some part in the murders and the dark ritual is a mysterious Psychic Girl, who is possessed by an evil Skull


id: psichiologia-de-ratione-animae-humanae-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psichiologia_de_ratione_animae_humanae-0.md
category: reference
title: Psichiologia de ratione animae humanae
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psichiologia_de_ratione_animae_humanae
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:51.814561+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: psichiologia-de-ratione-animae-humanae-20260505-0
summary:
Psichiologia de ratione animae humanae (Croatian: Psihologija, o naravi ljudske duše) is a work by Marko Marulić, a Croatian Renaissance humanist written between 1510 and 1517. It is the earliest known literary reference to "psychology" in the history of the discipline. == References ==


id: psyarxiv-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PsyArXiv-0.md
category: reference
title: PsyArXiv
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PsyArXiv
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:53.073735+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: psyarxiv-20260505-0
summary:
PsyArXiv is a preprint repository for the psychological sciences opened in September 2016 and officially launched in December 2016. It is hosted by the Center for Open Science. The preprint service was inspired by the arXiv repository. The service allows researchers to upload manuscripts regarding psychology and related fields prior to peer review. As of April 2017, it is indexed by Google Scholar. == Fields == PsyArXiv accepted submissions in the following areas of research: == See also == List of preprint repositories == References == == External links == Official website


id: psyccritiques-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PsycCRITIQUES-0.md
category: reference
title: PsycCRITIQUES
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PsycCRITIQUES
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:54.361334+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: psyccritiques-20260505-0
summary:
PsycCRITIQUES was a database of reviews of books, videos, and popular films published by the American Psychological Association. It replaced the print journal Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, which was published from 1956 to 2004. The official blog of PsycCRITIQUES allowed free access to the full text of some recent reviews. It was discontinued on December 31, 2017. Archives are available to the public via the Center for the History of Psychology (University of Akron) or via a paid subscription to Portico. == See also == PsycINFO == References == == External links == Official website PsycCRITIQUES collection archive at the Center for the History of Psychology at the University of Akron PsycCRITIQUES blog


id: psychological-abstracts-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_Abstracts-0.md
category: reference
title: Psychological Abstracts
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_Abstracts
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:55.720865+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: psychological-abstracts-20260505-0
summary:
Psychological Abstracts was an abstract and index periodical and the print counterpart of the PsycINFO database. It was published by the American Psychological Association and was produced for 80 years, ceasing publication at the end of 2006. It was produced monthly and contained summaries (abstracts, bibliographic information, and indexing) of English-language journal articles, technical reports, book chapters, and books in the field of psychology. In its latter years, it contained much less content than PsycINFO, although it did contain some records for technical reports that are not in PsycINFO. It was organized by subject area according to the PsycINFO Classification Codes. == References ==


id: psycinfo-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PsycINFO-0.md
category: reference
title: PsycINFO
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PsycINFO
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:56.991164+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: psycinfo-20260505-0
summary:
PsycINFO is a database of abstracts of literature in the field of psychology. It is produced by the American Psychological Association and distributed on the association's APA PsycNET and through third-party vendors. It is the electronic version of the defunct Psychological Abstracts. In 2000, it incorporated PsycLIT which had been published on CD-ROM. PsycINFO contains citations and summaries since 1887 of journal articles, book chapters, books, and dissertations. == Overview == The database, which is updated weekly, contained over 3.5 million records as of October 2013. Approximately 175,000 records were added to the database in 2012. == Coverage == More than 2,540 peer-reviewed journal titles are included in the database, and they make up 78% of the overall content. Journals are included if they are archival, scholarly, peer-reviewed, and regularly published with titles, abstracts, and keywords in English. As of October 2013, over 1,700 journal titles were included in their entirety (i.e. "cover to cover"). Articles were selected for psychological relevance from the remaining titles. Chapters from authored and edited books make up 11% of database, while entire authored and edited books make up 4% of the database. Books are selected if they are scholarly, professional, or research-based, English-language, published


id: psyclit-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PsycLIT-0.md
category: reference
title: PsycLIT
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PsycLIT
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:58.178546+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: psyclit-20260505-0
summary:
PsycLIT was a CD-ROM version of Psychological Abstracts. It was merged into the PsycINFO online database in 2000. PsycLIT contained citations and abstracts to journal articles, and summaries of English-language chapters and books in psychology, as well as behavioral information from sociology, linguistics, medicine, law, psychiatry, and anthropology. It was one of a number of databases indexing psychological research papers and journals. Others included PsycINFO, Psychological Abstracts, Ulrich International Periodical Directory, PUBLIST (The Internet Directory Publications), ISSN International, PSICODOC, the ISOC database PSEDISOC, CSIC-RISO, CIRBIC-REVISTAS, COMPLUDOC Social Sciences Citation Index and the Institute for Scientific Information (Thomson-ISI). == References ==


id: pubpsych-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubPsych-0.md
category: reference
title: PubPsych
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubPsych
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:48:59.458946+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: pubpsych-20260505-0
summary:
PubPsych is a vertical open access information retrieval system for psychological resources, coordinated by the research support organization Leibniz Institute for Psychology Information (ZPID). The search interface is available in English, Spanish, French, and German. PubPsych includes over 800.000 datasets and offers, where available, full-text linking, links to additional information and link resolving. == Cooperation Partners == PubPsych is a joint project of cooperating organizations within Europe and the United States of America. Participating organizations are: Leibniz Institute for Psychology Information (ZPID), Germany, Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique (INIST-CNRS), France, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain, National Academic Research and Collaborations Information System (NARCIS), Netherlands, National Library of Norway (NB), Norway, U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), US, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), US. == Mission == PubPsych offers free access to an expanding range of international databases including records not covered in commercial international databases. == Data Pool == PubPsych indexes databases either fully or just Psychology relevant segments. The data pool consists of the following: Fully indexing: PSYNDEX (Germany) PsychOpen (Germany) PsychData (Germany) ISOC-Psicología (Spain) Indexing of Psychology relevant segments: PASCAL (France) NARCIS (Netherlands) NORART (Norway) MEDLINE® (USA) ERIC (USA) == Update frequency == According to


id: why-men-don-t-iron-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_Men_Don't_Iron-0.md
category: reference
title: Why Men Don't Iron
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_Men_Don't_Iron
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:00.747453+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: why-men-don-t-iron-20260505-0
summary:
Why Men Don't Iron is British three-part documentary series shown on Channel 4 in June 1998, about sex differences in cognition, caused by differences in male-female neurochemistry, and elementary reward systems in the human brain. == Production == The series was produced by Jim Meyer and Anne Moir, and originated by Bill Moir. The titles were made by Triffic Films. It was made by Quality Time Television. The series was first broadcast on 23 June 1998. A book on the series was published in 1999 by Anne Moir, ISBN 0007468911. == Episodes == === Episode 1 === Learning the Difference Amanda Smith, and her husband, tried to overcome biological sex differences with her children, but it never took hold; boys chose mechanical toys, girls chose painting; girls, from an early age, were more conscientious when learning; neurobiologist Roger Gorski conducted sex difference developmental biology experiments with rodents; the congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) condition; a teenage girl has a concentration span of fifteen minutes, a teenage boy has five minutes; a comprehensive secondary school in north Essex, where teenagers are given a psychological test by psychologist Ernie Govier of the University of East London; doctor Bennett Shaywitz and his wife Sally


id: index-of-agriculture-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_agriculture_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of agriculture articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_agriculture_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:02.418837+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-agriculture-articles-20260505-0
summary:
This is an index of agriculture topics. == A == Agricultural Machinery Agricultural Science Agronomy Agroecology Agricultural soil science Agricultural engineering Agriculture in Canada Agricultural biotechnology == B == Biofertilizer Biotechnology Buckwheat Biodynamic agriculture Broadcast seeding == C == Cattle creep Conventional tillage Common Agricultural Policy compost Corn == E == Erosion Entomology == F == Farm Farmer's Voice Fertilizer Food systems Farming (disambiguation) Food Security == G == Goat Green Revolution Green Revolution in India Green Revolution (disambiguation) Green Revolution (Iran) == H == Harrow (tool) Hay History of agriculture Horticulture == L == List of agricultural universities and colleges List of agriculture ministries == M == Maize Minimum tillage Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (United Kingdom) == N == No-till farming National Agricultural Law Center == O == Orchard Organic farming Optimum water content for tillage == P == Pig Plant Breeding Plant nutrition Plough Pomology == S == Selective breeding Soil Science Seed Seed contamination Seed treatment Sheep Silage Shifting cultivation == T == Theoretical production ecology Tillage Tillage Live Tractor == U == Urban agriculture United States National Agricultural Library == V == == W == Weed Weed control == Z == Zero tillage ==


id: index-of-biodiversity-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biodiversity_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of biodiversity articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biodiversity_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:06.274566+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-biodiversity-articles-20260505-0
summary:
This is a list of topics in biodiversity. == A == Abiotic stress — Adaptation — Agricultural biodiversity — Agroecological restoration — All-taxa biodiversity inventory — Alpha diversity — Applied ecology — Arca-Net — ASEAN Center for Biodiversity — ASEAN Heritage Parks — Aquatic biomonitoring — Axe Lake Swamp State Nature Preserve — == B == Bank of Natural Capital — Beta diversity — BioBlitz — Biocomplexity — Biocultural diversity — Biodiversity action plan — Biodiversity and drugs — Biodiversity and food — Biodiversity banking — Biodiversity databases (list) — Biodiversity hotspot — Biodiversity in Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip — Biodiversity Indicators Partnership — Biodiversity informatics — Biodiversity Monitoring Switzerland — Biodiversity of Borneo — Biodiversity of Cape Town — Biogeography — Bioindicator — Bioinformatics — BIOPAT - Patrons for Biodiversity — Biorisk — Biosafety Clearing-House — BioSearch — Biota by conservation status (list) — Biosurvey — BioWeb — Body size and species richness — Box corer — Bray–Curtis dissimilarity — == C == Caribbean Initiative — Carta di Siracusa on Biodiversity — Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety — Center for Biological Diversity — Centres of Plant Diversity — Chresonym — Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y


id: index-of-biophysics-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biophysics_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of biophysics articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biophysics_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:08.925330+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-biophysics-articles-20260505-0
summary:
This is a list of articles on biophysics. == 0–9 == 5-HT3 receptor == A == ACCN1 ANO1 AP2 adaptor complex Aaron Klug Acid-sensing ion channel Activating function Active transport Adolf Eugen Fick Afterdepolarization Aggregate modulus Aharon Katzir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin Alexander Rich Alexander van Oudenaarden Allan McLeod Cormack Alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor Alpha-4 beta-2 nicotinic receptor Alpha-7 nicotinic receptor Alpha helix Alwyn Jones (biophysicist) Amoeboid movement Andreas Mershin Andrew Huxley Animal locomotion Animal locomotion on the water surface Anita Goel Antiporter Aquaporin 2 Aquaporin 3 Aquaporin 4 Archibald Hill Ariel Fernandez Arthropod exoskeleton Arthropod leg Avery Gilbert == B == BEST2 BK channel Bacterial outer membrane Balance (ability) Bat Bat wing development Bert Sakmann Bestrophin 1 Biased random walk (biochemistry) Bioelectrochemical reactor Bioelectrochemistry Biofilm Biological material Biological membrane Biomechanics Biomechanics of sprint running Biophysical Society Biophysics Bird flight Bird migration Bisindolylmaleimide Bleb (cell biology) Boris Pavlovich Belousov Brian Matthews (biochemist) Britton Chance Brush border Bulk movement == C == CACNA1G CACNA1H CACNA1I CACNA2D1 CACNA2D2 CACNB1 CACNB2 CACNB3 CACNB4 CACNG1 CACNG2 CACNG3 CACNG4 CD22 CD33 CHRNA10 CHRNA2 CHRNA3 CHRNA4 CHRNA5 CHRNA6 CHRNA7 CHRNA9 CHRNB1 CHRNB2 CHRNB3 CHRNB4 CHRND CHRNE CHRNG CLCA1 CLCA2 CLCA3 CLCA4 CLCC1 CLCN1 CLCN2 CLCN3 CLCN4 CLCN5


id: index-of-biophysics-articles-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biophysics_articles-1.md
category: reference
title: Index of biophysics articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biophysics_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:08.925330+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-biophysics-articles-20260505-0
summary:
== M == M1 protein M2 proton channel MHC class I Magnesium transporter Magnetoception Magnetosome Magnetospirillum Magnetotactic bacteria Magnetotaxis Manfred Eigen Marcelo Osvaldo Magnasco Marche a petit pas Mario Ageno Martin Gruebele Maurice Wilkins Max Delbrück Max Perutz Mechanics of human sexuality Mechanome Mechanosensitive channels Mechanotaxis Membrane biology Membrane channel Membrane contact site Membrane curvature Membrane fluidity Membrane lipids Membrane nanotube Membrane potential Membrane protein Membrane topology Membrane transport Membranome Mesaxon Mesosome Metachronal rhythm Methylhopane Microbial ecology Microbial fuel cell Microsome Model lipid bilayer Moens–Korteweg equation Mohammad-Nabi Sarbolouki Molecular motor Monoamine transporter Motility Motor protein Mucous membrane Mucous membrane of the soft palate Muscular hydrostat Muscular layer Muscularis mucosae Myelin-associated glycoprotein Myelin sheath gap Myofilament Mária Telkes == N == N-Acetylgalactosamine N-Acetylglucosamine N-Acetylmuramic acid N-type calcium channel NMDA receptor Nanobiomechanics Nanodisc Nav1.1 Nav1.2 Nav1.4 Nav1.5 Nectin Neurophysins Nicolas Rashevsky Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Niosome Norepinephrine transporter Nuclear pore == O == Optical tweezers Oreste Piro Origin of avian flight Osmoregulation Osmotic pressure Outer mitochondrial membrane Outline of biophysics Overhead throwing motion == P == P-type ATPase P-type calcium channel P2RX1 P2RX2 P2RX3 P2RX4 P2RX5 P2RX6 P2RX7 P2X purinoreceptor P300-CBP coactivator family PF-4840154 PKD1 PSORT PSORTdb PTS1R Parkinsonian gait Passive transport Paul


id: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of branches of science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:16.051123+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
The following index is provided as an overview of and topical guide to science: Links to articles and redirects to sections of articles which provide information on each topic are listed with a short description of the topic. When there is more than one article with information on a topic, the most relevant is usually listed, and it may be cross-linked to further information from the linked page or section. Science (from Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge") is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. The branches of science, also referred to as scientific fields, scientific disciplines, or just sciences, can be arbitrarily divided into three major groups: The natural sciences (biology, chemistry, physics, astronomy, and Earth sciences), which study nature in the broadest sense; The social sciences (e.g. psychology, sociology, economics, history) which study people and societies; and The formal sciences (e.g. mathematics, logic, theoretical computer science), which study abstract concepts. Disciplines that use science, such as engineering and medicine, are described as applied sciences. == A == Abiology – Life arising from non-living matterPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets – study of inanimate, inorganic, or lifeless


id: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science-1.md
category: reference
title: Index of branches of science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:16.051123+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
== B == Bacteriology – Subdiscipline of microbiology that studies bacteria Ballistics – Science of the motion of projectiles Balneology – Method of treating diseases by bathingPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets – science of the therapeutic use of baths. Barodynamics – science of the support and mechanics of heavy structures Barology – study of gravitational force. Bathymetry – Study of underwater depth of lake or ocean floors Batology – Study of brambles Batrachology – Branch of herpetology that studies amphibians Behavioural genetics – Study of genetic-environment interactions influencing behaviour Behavioral neuroscience – Study of biological and neural mechanisma in behaviour Bibliology – Organized listing of books and the systematic description of them as objects Bibliotics – study of documents to determine authenticity. Bioecology – Study of interrelations of plants and animals with their environment Biogeochemistry – Study of chemical cycles of the earth related to biological activity Biology – Scientific study of life Biochemistry – Study of chemical processes of living organisms Biomechanics – Study of the mechanics of biological systems Biometrics – Metrics related to human characteristics Bionomics – Term with different meanings in ecology or economics – study of organisms interacting in their environments. Biophysics –


id: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science-2.md
category: reference
title: Index of branches of science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:16.051123+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
== D == Dactyliology – study of finger rings. Dactylography – Scientific study of fingerprints Dactylology – Form of communication using one or both handsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets – study of sign language. Data science – Field of study to extract knowledge from data – study of analyzing, processing, interpreting and extracting data. Demography – Study of human populations and their structures Demology – study of human populations and behaviour. Dendrochronology – Method of dating based on the analysis of patterns of tree rings Dendrology – Science and study of woody plants Dermatoglyphics – Scientific study of finger- and toeprints Dermatology – Field of medicine dealing with the hair, nails, skin, and its diseases Desmology – Study of ligaments Dialectology – Scientific study of linguistic dialect Dietetics – Study of diet and nutrition in relation to health and disease Dioptrics – Science of light and lenses Diplomatics – Academic study of the protocols of documents – science of deciphering ancient writings and texts. Dosiology – study of dosage of drugs. Dynamics – Study of forces and their effect on motion Dysgenics – Decrease in genetic traits deemed desirable and study thereof. == E == Eccrinology – Sweat


id: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science-3.md
category: reference
title: Index of branches of science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:16.051123+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
== G == Garbology – Study of modern refuse Gastroenterology – Branch of medicine focused on the digestive system and its disorders Gastronomy – Study of the relationship between food and culture Gemmology – Science dealing with natural and artificial gemstone materialsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets – study of gems and jewels Gender studies – Interdisciplinary field of study – study of gender Genealogy – Study of individual descent and bloodline – study of descent of families Genesiology – study of reproduction and heredity Genetics – Science of genes, heredity and variation Geochemistry – Science that applies chemistry to analyze geological systems – study of chemistry of the Earth's crust Geochronology – Science of determining the age of rocks, sediments and fossils – study of measuring geological time Geography – Study of Earth's spatial information – study of surface of the earth and its inhabitants Geology – Scientific study of Earth's physical composition – study of the rocks of a planet Geometry – Branch of mathematics – study the sizes, shapes, positions, angles and dimensions of things. Geomorphogeny – study of the characteristics, origins, and development of land forms Geomorphology – Scientific study of landforms – study of


id: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science-4.md
category: reference
title: Index of branches of science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:16.051123+00:00
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parent: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
== I == Iamatology – Obsolete synonym for the study of therapies. Iatrology – treatise or text on medical topics; study of medicine Ichnography – Architectural drawing showing interior layout of a buildingPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets – art of drawing ground plans; a ground plan Ichnology – Study of trace fossils Ichthyology – Scientific study of fish Iconography – Branch of art history – study of drawing symbols Iconology – Method of interpretation in cultural history – study of icons; symbols Ideogeny – study of origins of ideas Ideology – Set of beliefs or values – science of ideas; system of ideas used to justify behaviour Idiomology – study of idiom, jargon or dialect Idiopsychology – study of the psychology of one's own mind Immunochemistry – Study of the chemistry of the immune system Immunogenetics – Branch of medical genetics – study of genetic characteristics of immunity Immunology – Branch of medicine studying the immune system Immunopathology – Branch of medicine that deals with immune responses associated with disease Information science – Academic field concerned with collection and analysis of information Information technology (IT) – Computer-based technology Insectology – Scientific study ofi insects, or relationships between insects


id: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-5
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science-5.md
category: reference
title: Index of branches of science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:16.051123+00:00
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parent: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
== M == Macroeconomics – Study of an economy as a whole – branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of the whole economy Magnetics – Class of physical phenomenaPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets – study of magnetism Magnetohydrodynamics – Model of electrically conducting fluids – study of electrically conducting fluids Magnetostatics – Branch of physics about magnetism in systems with steady electric currents – study of magnetic fields in systems where the currents are steady Malacology – Study of molluscs Malariology – Study of the mosquito borne disease, malaria Mammalogy – Study of mammals Marine biology – Scientific study of ocean life – study of the ocean's ecosystem Mastology – Study of mammals – study of mammals Mathematics – Field of study – study of magnitude, number, and forms Mazology – mammalogy; study of mammals Mechanics – Science concerned with physical bodies subjected to forces or displacements Meconology – study of or treatise concerning opium Media studies – Field of study that deals with media Medicine – Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of illness Melissopalynology – Study of pollen contained in honey Melittology – Scientific study of bees Melology – Scholarly study of musicPages


id: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-6
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science-6.md
category: reference
title: Index of branches of science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:16.051123+00:00
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parent: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
== O == Obstetrics – Medical specialty concerning pregnancy and childbirth Oceanography – Scientific study of the ocean Oceanology – Scientific study of the ocean Odontology – Scientific study of teeth Odonatology – Study of dragonflies and damselflies Oenology – Study of wine and winemaking Oikology – science of housekeeping Olfactology – study of the sense of smell Ombrology – study of rain Oncology – Branch of medicine dealing with, or specializing in, cancer Oneirology – Scientific study of dreams Onomasiology – Branch of linguistics concerned with how to express a given concept – study of nomenclature Onomastics – Study of proper names Ontology – Philosophical study of being – science of pure being; the nature of things Oology – Branch of ornithology studying bird eggs, nests and breeding behavior Ophiology, also known as ophidiology – Branch of herpetology that studies snakes Ophthalmology – Field of medicine treating eye disorders Optics – Branch of physics that studies light Optology – study of sight Optometry – Field of medicine treating eye disorders – science of examining the eyes Orbital mechanics – Field of classical mechanics concerned with the motion of spacecraft Orchidology – Scientific study of orchids Ornithology – Scientific study


id: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-7
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science-7.md
category: reference
title: Index of branches of science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:16.051123+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
== P == Paedology – Study of children's behavior and development Paidonosology – study of children's diseases; pediatrics Palaeoanthropology – Study of ancient humans Palaeobiology – Study of organic evolution using fossils Palaeoclimatology – Study of changes in ancient climate Palaeoichthyology – study of ancient fish Palaeolimnology – Scientific study of ancient lakes and streams Palaeontology – Study of life before the Holocene epoch Palaeopedology – Discipline studying soils of the past eras Paleobotany – Study of organic evolution of plants based on fossils Paleo-osteology – study of ancient bones Paleoseismology – Study of earthquakes that happened in the past Palynology – Study of pollen and other acid-resistant microoscopic organic material Papyrology – Scientific study of ancient manuscripts Paradoxology – Logically self-contradictory statementPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets – study of paradoxes Parapsychology – Study of paranormal and psychic phenomena Parasitology – Study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them Paroemiology – study of proverbs Parthenology – study of virgins Particle physics – Study of subatomic particles and forces Pathology – Study of disease Pedagogics – Theory and practice of educationPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Pedology – Study of soils in their natural environment Pelology


id: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-8
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science-8.md
category: reference
title: Index of branches of science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:16.051123+00:00
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parent: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
== R == Radiobiology – Study of effects of radiation on living tissues – study of the scientific principles, mechanisms, and effects of the interaction of ionizing radiation with living matter Radiochemistry – Chemistry of radioactive materials – study of ordinary chemical reactions under radioactive circumstances Radiology – Medical specialty for imaging procedures Rheology – Study of the flow of matter, primarily in a fluid state Rheumatology – Medical speciality of inflammatory diseases Rhinology – Study of the nose and sinuses Rhochrematics – science of inventory management and the movement of products Robotics – Design, construction, use, and application of robots Rodentology – Study of rodents Runology – Study of Runic alphabets == S == Sarcology – study of fleshy parts of the body Scatology – Study of faeces – study of excrement or obscene literature Schematonics – art of using gesture to express tones Sciagraphy – Study of perspective shadow projection – art of shading Scientific modelling – Scientific activity that produces models – study of application of models to understand a particular problem Scientific programming – Language for controlling a computer – study of programming Scripophily – Study and collection of stock and bond certificates Sedimentology – Study


id: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-9
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science-9.md
category: reference
title: Index of branches of science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_branches_of_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:16.051123+00:00
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parent: index-of-branches-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
== T == Taxidermy – Stuffing and mounting dead animals for display – art of curing and stuffing animals Taxonomy – Science of classifying organisms Tectonics – Process of evolution of Earth's crust Teleology – Thinking in terms of destiny or purpose – study of final causes; analysis in terms of purpose Telmatology – Branch of physical geography concerned with the study of wetlands Tempestology – The study of cyclones, hurricanes and similar extreme weather events Teratology – Study of developmental anomalies Terrestrial ecology – Study of terrestrial ecosystems and the biotic and abiotic things that occupy them. Teuthology – Study of cephalopods Textology – Identification of textual variants – study of the production of texts Thalassography – science of the seas and gulfs Thanatology – Scientific study of death and its aspects Thaumatology – The study of miracles – study of miracles Theology – Study of the nature of deities and religious beliefs - study of religion Theoretical computer science – Subfield of computer science and mathematics Theriogenology – Veterinary specialty concerning reproduction Thermodynamics – Physics of heat, work, and temperature Thermokinematics – study of motion of heat Thermology – study of heat Therology – Study of mammals Thremmatology


id: index-of-cognitive-science-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_cognitive_science_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of cognitive science articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_cognitive_science_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:18.565694+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-cognitive-science-articles-20260505-0
summary:
Cognitive science is the scientific study either of mind or of intelligence (e.g. Luger 1994). Practically every formal introduction to cognitive science stresses that it is a highly interdisciplinary research area in which psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, philosophy, computer science (in particular artificial intelligence), anthropology, and biology are its principal specialized or applied branches. Therefore, we may distinguish cognitive studies of either human or animal brains, the mind and the brain. == A == Alan Turing - anthropological linguistics - artificial intelligence - artificial life - attention - autism - anesthesia == B == brain–computer interface - behavioral economics == C == cognition - cognitive behaviour therapy - cognitive ergonomics - cognitive neuroscience - cognitive psychology - cognitive science - cognitive science of mathematics - Cognitive Science Society - cognitive therapy - collective intelligence - comparative linguistics - comparative method - comparative method (linguistics) - computational linguistics - computational semiotics - conceptual metaphor - connotation - constructed language - corpus linguistics - Creole language - cryptanalysis - cybernetics == D == decipherment - descriptive linguistics == E == embodied cognition - embodied philosophy - enactivism - ethnologue - etymology - evolutionary linguistics - epistemology - extended mind thesis == F ==


id: index-of-earth-science-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Earth_science_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of Earth science articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Earth_science_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:19.823702+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-earth-science-articles-20260505-0
summary:
Earth science (also known as geoscience, the geosciences or the Earth Sciences) is an all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth. It is arguably a special case in planetary science, the Earth being the only known life-bearing planet. There are both reductionist and holistic approaches to Earth science. There are four major disciplines in earth sciences, namely geography, geology, geophysics and geodesy. These major disciplines use physics, chemistry, biology, chronology and mathematics to build a quantitative understanding of the principal areas or spheres of the Earth system. Articles related to Earth science include: == A == Antarctic Convergence Atmospheric chemistry Atmospheric physics Atmospheric sciences == B == Biosphere Biogeography == C == Cartography Chemical oceanography Climatology Crust Cryosphere Crystallography (mineralogy) == D == Dynamo theory == E == Earth's core Earth's magnetic field Earth's mantle Economic geology Edaphology (soil science) Engineering geology Environmental geology Environmental science Erosion Exosphere (Atmospheric sciences) == G == Gaia hypothesis Gemology (mineralogy) Geochemistry Geochronology (Geophysics) Geodesy (see Surveying) Geodynamics (Geophysics and Tectonics) Geographical Information System Geography Geoinformatics (GIS) Geology Geomagnetics (Geophysics) Geomicrobiology Geomorphology Geophysics Geosphere Geostatistics Glaciology (Geology and Hydrology) Gravimetry (Geophysics) == H == Historical geology Human geography Hydrogeology Hydrology Hydrometeorology


id: index-of-energy-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_energy_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of energy articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_energy_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:21.252051+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-energy-articles-20260505-0
summary:
This is an index of energy articles. == A == Activation energy - Alternative energy - Anisotropy energy - Atomic energy == B == Binding energy - Bioenergy - Black hole - Breeder reactor - Brown energy == C == Characteristic energy - Chemical energy - Conservation of energy - Consol Energy == D == Dark energy - Decay energy - Direct Energy - Dirichlet's energy - Dyson's sphere == E == Ecological energetics - Electric potential energy - Electrochemical energy conversion - Embodied energy - Encircled energy - Energy - Energy accidents - Energy accounting - Energy amplifier - Energy applications of nanotechnology - Energy balance (biology) - Energy barrier - Energy being - Energy carrier - Energy Catalyzer - Energy cell - Energy charge - Energy conservation - Energy conversion efficiency - Energy crop - Energy current - Energy density - Energy development - Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy - Energy distance - Energy drift - Energy efficiency gap - Energy-efficient landscaping - Energy elasticity - Energy engineering - Energy (esotericism) - Energy expenditure - Energy factor - Energy field disturbance - Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy - Energy transfer - Energy flow (ecology) - Energy flux - Energy forestry


id: index-of-genetics-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_genetics_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of genetics articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_genetics_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:22.559204+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-genetics-articles-20260505-0
summary:
Genetics (from Ancient Greek γενετικός genetikos, "genite" and that from γένεσις genesis, “origin”), a discipline of biology, is the science of heredity and variation in living organisms. Articles (arranged alphabetically) related to genetics include: == # == == A == == B == == C == == D == == E == == F == == G == == H == == I == == J == == K == == L == == M == == N == == O == == P == == Q == == R == == S == == T == == U == == V == == W == == X == == Y == == Z == == References == == See also == List of genetics research organizations List of geneticists & biochemists


id: index-of-health-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_health_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of health articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_health_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:26.309084+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-health-articles-20260505-0
summary:
Health is the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities. This article lists major topics related to personal health. == 0–9 == == A == Abortion – Accident – Activities of daily living – Acupuncture – Adolescent medicine – Adult daycare center – Advance health care directive – Aerobic exercise – Age-adjusted life expectancy – Ageless – Aging and memory – Aging – Alcoholism – Allergy – Alternative medicine – Amputation – Anaerobic exercise – Anaesthesia – Anatomical pathology – Anatomical terms of motion - Anatomy – Andrology – Animal-assisted therapy – Antibiotic resistance – Appetite – Assisted reproductive technology – Athletic training – Audiology – Autoimmune disease – Auxology == B == Bacterium – Baldness – Basic life support – Binge eating – Biochemical pathology – Biological standard of living – Biomedical research – Biomedical technology – Bipolar disorder – Birth attendant – Birth control – Blood diseases – Blood test – Body composition – Body mass index – Body shaping – Body treatment – Brain death == C == Cancer – Cell replacement therapy – Chemotherapy – Child birth – Chinese medicine –


id: index-of-health-articles-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_health_articles-1.md
category: reference
title: Index of health articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_health_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:26.309084+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-health-articles-20260505-0
summary:
== S == STD testing – Safe sex – Sanitation – Saturated fat – Self care – Self-healing – Self-medication – Senility – Sex and illness – Sex education – Sexual dysfunction – Sexual health clinic – Sexual health – Sexuality and disability – Sexuality education – Sleep deprivation – Sleep hygiene – Sleep – Smoking cessation – Social determinants of health – Social medicine – Special needs – Sports medicine – Sports nutrition – Stem cell treatments – Stress (medicine) – Stress management – Supported living – Surgery – Survivability – Symptom == T == Therapy dog – Toxicity – Toxicology – Toxin – Traditional Chinese medicine – Traditional Korean medicine – Traditional medicine – Trans fat – Trauma surgery - Tetanus == U == Universal design == V == Vaccine – Vegetarianism – Virus – Vitamin – Vulvovaginal health == W == Weight loss – Wellness (alternative medicine) – Wellness – Witch-doctor – Women's health – Workplace health surveillance – Workplace wellness – World Health Organization - Whooping Cough == X == X-ray == Y == Yoga == Z == == See also == Lists of health topics Topic outline of health Topic outline of health science Topic


id: index-of-hiv-aids-related-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_HIV/AIDS-related_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_HIV/AIDS-related_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:27.621968+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-hiv-aids-related-articles-20260505-0
summary:
This is a list of topics related to HIV/AIDS, a spectrum of conditions caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Many of the topics listed here were originally taken from the public domain U.S. Department of Health Glossary of HIV/AIDS-Related Terms, 4th Edition. [1] == A == AACTG – acquired immunity – acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) – ACT UP/Golden Gate – active immunity – acupuncture – acute HIV infection – Acute HIV Infection and Early Diseases Research Program (AIEDRP) – ADAP – ADC – adenopathy – adherence – adjuvant – administration – Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group (AACTG) – adverse drug reaction – aerosolized – AETC – agammaglobulinemia – Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) – AHRQ – AIDS – AIDS Arms – AIDS dementia complex (ADC) – AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAP) – AIDS education and training centers (AETC) – AIDS orphan – AIDS research advisory committee (ARAC) – AIDS service organization (ASO) – The AIDS Show – AIDS Vaccine 200 – AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition – AIDS wasting syndrome – AIDS-related cancer – AIDS-related complex (ARC) – alkaline phosphatase – alopecia – alpha interferon (INFa) – alternative medicine – alveolar – amebiasis – amino acids – anaphylactic


id: index-of-hiv-aids-related-articles-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_HIV/AIDS-related_articles-1.md
category: reference
title: Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_HIV/AIDS-related_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:27.621968+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-hiv-aids-related-articles-20260505-0
summary:
== H == HAART – hairy leukoplakia – half-life – HAM/TSP – Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) – Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) – HELLP syndrome – helper T cells – helper/suppressor ratio (of T cells) – hematocrit – hematotoxic – hemoglobin – hemolysis – hemophilia – hepatic – hepatic steatosis – hepatitis – hepatitis C and HIV coinfection – hepatomegaly – herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) – herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) – herpes varicella zoster virus (VZV) – herpes viruses – highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) – histocompatibility testing – histoplasmosis – HIV disease – HIV prevention trials network (HPTN) – HIV set point – HIV vaccine trials network (HVTN) – HIV-1 – HIV-2 – HIV-associated dementia – HIV-related tuberculosis – HLA – Hodgkin's disease – holistic medicine – homology (biology) – hormone – host – host factors – HPTN – HPV – HRSA – HTLV-I – HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) – HTLV-II – human growth hormone (HGH) – human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) – human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) – human leukocyte antigens (HLA) – human papilloma virus (HPV) – human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) – human T cell lymphotropic


id: index-of-hiv-aids-related-articles-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_HIV/AIDS-related_articles-2.md
category: reference
title: Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_HIV/AIDS-related_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:27.621968+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-hiv-aids-related-articles-20260505-0
summary:
== P == P24 – package insert – palliative – palliative care – pancreas – pancreatitis – pancytopenia – pandemic – pap smear – papilloma – parallel track – parasite – parenteral – paresthesia – passive immunity – passive immunotherapy – pathogen – pathogenesis – PBMC – PCP – PCR – Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trial Group (PACTG) – pelvic inflammatory disease – peptide – perianal – perinatal – perinatal transmission – peripheral neuritis – peripheral neuropathy – persistent generalized lymphadenopathy – PGL – phagocyte – phagocytosis – pharmacokinetics – phase I trials – phase II trials – phase III trials – phase IV trials – photosensitivity – PHS – pituitary gland – placebo – placebo controlled study – placebo effect – plasma – plasma cells – platelets – PML – Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (formerly Pneumocystis carinii or PCP) – POL – polymerase – polymerase chain reaction (PCR) – polyneuritis – polypeptide – polyvalent vaccine – post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) – PPD test – pre-conception counseling – preclinical – precursor cells – prevalence – primary HIV infection – primary isolate – primaquine – proctitis – prodrome – prodrug – progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) – prophylactic drug – prophylaxis – protease – protease


id: index-of-immunology-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_immunology_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of immunology articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_immunology_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:28.937768+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-immunology-articles-20260505-0
summary:
Immunology is the study of the immune system during health and disease. Below is a list of immunology-related articles. == A == == B == == C == == D == == E == == F == == G == == H == == I == == J == == K == == L == == M == == N == == O == == P == == R == == S == == T == == U == == V == == W == == X ==


id: index-of-campanology-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_campanology_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of campanology articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_campanology_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:30.130157+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-campanology-articles-20260505-0
summary:
Campanology is the scientific and musical study of bells. It encompasses the technology of bells – how they are cast, tuned, and rung – as well as the history, methods, and traditions of bellringing as an art. Articles related to campanology include: == A–C == == D–F == == G–I == == J–L == == M–O == == P–R == == S–U == == V–Z == == See also == Index of music articles


id: index-of-topics-related-to-life-extension-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_topics_related_to_life_extension-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of topics related to life extension
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_topics_related_to_life_extension
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:31.371742+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-topics-related-to-life-extension-20260505-0
summary:
Following is a list of topics related to life extension: == A == ACE inhibitor Actuarial escape velocity Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Advanced Cell Technology Corporation Aerobic exercise Age-adjusted life expectancy Age-Related Eye Disease Study Age-Related Macular Degeneration Aging Aging and memory Aging-associated diseases Aging brain Aging population Alcor Life Extension Foundation Alternative medicine American Aging Association American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine (A4M) Amyloid Amyloid plaque Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), e.g., Lou Gehrig's disease Antagonistic Pleiotropy Antioxidant Polyphenol antioxidant Antisense therapy Apoptosis Atherosclerosis ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Autoimmune disease == B == Biodemography Biodemography of human longevity Bioethics Biological clock Biogerontology Biological immortality Biomarkers of aging Biotechnology Brain–computer interface == C == Caloric restriction mimetic Caloric restriction CR Society International Cell replacement therapy Cholinergic Clone Cloning Human cloning Therapeutic cloning Club of Rome Cockayne's syndrome Cognitive enhancement Compensation law of mortality Complementary and alternative medicine Cross-link Cyborg Cynthia Kenyon Cryobiology Cryonics Cryopreservation Cryoprotectant == D == Daily values de Grey, Dr. Aubrey De Grey Technology Review controversy Demopoulos M.D., Harry B. Dendrite DHT (dihydrotestosterone) Dietary supplement Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) Mitochondrial DNA DNA damage theory of aging DNA repair Dolly the sheep Dopaminergic


id: list-of-plasma-physics-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_plasma_physics_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: List of plasma physics articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_plasma_physics_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:32.540973+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-plasma-physics-articles-20260505-0
summary:
This is a list of plasma physics topics. == A == == B == == C == == D == == E == == F == == G == == H == == I == == J == Jellium, uniform electron gas, homogeneous electron gas Jet (particle physics) Jet quenching Joint European Torus == K == == L == == M == == N == == O == Ohmic contact Onset of deconfinement Optode Optoelectric nuclear battery Orbitrap Outer space == P == == Q == == R == == S == == T == == U == U-HID, Ultra High Intensity Discharge UMIST linear system Undulator Upper hybrid oscillation Upper-atmospheric lightning == V == == W == == X == XANES, X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Xenon arc lamp X-ray transient X-ray astronomy X-shaped radio galaxy == Y == == Z == Zakharov system Zero-point energy ZETA (fusion reactor) Zonal and poloidal Zonal flow (plasma) Z Pulsed Power Facility == References ==


id: index-of-nursing-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_nursing_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of nursing articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_nursing_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:48.400467+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-nursing-articles-20260505-0
summary:
This is an index of nursing articles on Wikipedia. == A == == B == == C == == H == == I == == L == == M == == N == == P == == R == == S == == T == == U == == W ==


id: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of oncology articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:49.665018+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-0
summary:
This is a list of terms related to oncology. The original source for this list was the US National Cancer Institute's public domain Dictionary of Cancer Terms. == 0–9 == 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin – 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate – 13-cis retinoic acid – 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin – 18F-EF5 – 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging – 2-methoxyestradiol – 2IT-BAD monoclonal antibody 170 – 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone – 3-AP – 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy – 3-dimensional radiation therapy – 4-demethoxydaunorubicin – 4-hydroxytamoxifen – 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide – 4-NQO – 5-FU – 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid – 5-hydroxytryptamine – 506U78 – 5Q- syndrome – 6-hydroxymethylacylfulvene – 9-cis retinoic acid – 90Y-DOTA-biotin == A == A33 monoclonal antibody – AAP – abarelix – ABCD rating – ABI-007 – ABT-510 – ABT-751 – ABX-EGF – accelerated phase – ACE inhibitor – acetylcysteine – achlorhydria – acitretin – acoustic neurofibromatosis – acridine carboxamide – acrylonitrile – actinic keratosis – action study – Activase – acute erythroid leukemia – acute lymphoblastic leukemia – acute lymphocytic leukemia – acute myelogenous leukemia – acute myeloid leukemia – acute nonlymphocytic leukemia – AD 32 – adenocarcinoma – adenoid cystic cancer – adenoma – adenopathy – adenosine triphosphate – adenovirus – adjunct agent – adjunctive therapy – adjuvant therapy – adrenocortical –


id: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles-1.md
category: reference
title: Index of oncology articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:49.665018+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-0
summary:
== B == B cell – B lymphocyte – B3 antigen – B43-PAP immunotoxin – B7-1 – Bacillus Calmette Guérin – bacterial toxin – barium enema – barium solution – barium swallow – Barrett's esophagus – basal cell – basal cell carcinoma – basal cell nevus syndrome – basophil – batimastat – BAY 12-9566 – BAY 43-9006 – BAY 56-3722 – BAY 59-8862 – BB-10901 – BBBD – BBR 2778 – BBR 3464 – BCG – BCG solution – bcl-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide G3139 – BCX-1777 – Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome – beclomethasone – Bellini duct carcinoma – bendamustine – benign – benign proliferative breast disease – benign prostatic hyperplasia – benign prostatic hypertrophy – benign tumor – benzaldehyde – benzoylphenylurea – benzydamine – Beriplast P – best practice – beta alethine – beta carotene – beta hemolytic streptococcus group B – beta-endorphin – beta-glucan – beta-human chorionic gonadotropin – bevacizumab – bexarotene – Bexxar regimen – BG00001 – BI-RADS – Biafine cream – BIBX 1382 – bicalutamide – bidi (oncology) – bilateral cancer – bilateral nephrectomy – bilateral prophylactic mastectomy – bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy – bile duct – biliary – bilirubin – binding agent – bioavailable – biochanin A – biochemical reactions –


id: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles-2.md
category: reference
title: Index of oncology articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:49.665018+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-0
summary:
== C == C cell – c-erbB-2 – c-kit – CA 19-9 assay – CA-125 – CA-125 test – cachexia – calcitonin – calcitriol – CAM – Campath-1H – camptothecin – camptothecin analog – cancer – cancer induction – Cancer Information Service – cancer of unknown primary origin – cancer stem cell – cancer vaccine – Cancer.gov – Candidiasis – Candidosis – CAP-1 – capecitabine – capsaicin – captopril – carbendazim – carbogen – carbon-11 acetate – carboplatin – carboxyamidotriazole – carboxypeptidase-G2 – carcinoembryonic antigen – carcinoembryonic antigen peptide-1 – carcinogen – carcinogenesis – carcinoid – carcinoid syndrome – carcinoma – carcinoma in situ – carcinomatosis – carcinosarcoma – carcinosis – carcinostatic – cardin (oncology) – carmustine – carnitine – carotenoid – carzelesin – case report – case series – case-control study – caspofungin acetate – Castleman's disease – CAT scan – catechol – cauterization – cauterize – cBR96-doxorubicin immunoconjugate – CC-1088 – CC-49 monoclonal antibody – CC-5013 – CC-8490 – CCI-779 – CD34 antigen – CD40-ligand – CEA – CEA assay – cecum – cefalexin – cefepime – cefixime – ceftriaxone – celecoxib – celiac disease – cell – cell differentiation – cell motility – cell proliferation – cell


id: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles-3.md
category: reference
title: Index of oncology articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:49.665018+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-0
summary:
== D == D-20761 – da-huang – dacarbazine – dacliximab – daclizumab – dactinomycin – daidzein – dalteparin – danazol – darbepoetin alfa – darkfield microscope – Data Safety and Monitoring Committee – daunorubicin – DCIS – de novo – death cap – debulking operation – decitabine – decortication – deferoxamine – defibrotide – degenerative disease – dehydroepiandrosterone – delayed-type hypersensitivity response – dendritic cell – dendritic cell vaccine – denileukin diftitox – dental implant – deoxycytidine – deoxyribonucleic acid – DepoFoam-encapsulated cytarabine – depsipeptide – dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans – dermatologist – dermis – DES – deslorelin – desmoid tumor – desmoplastic – desmoplastic melanoma – desmoplastic small round cell tumor – dexamethasone – dexmethylphenidate – dexrazoxane – dextroamphetamine-amphetamine – dextromethorphan acetic acid – DFMO – DHA-paclitaxel – DHEA – di-dgA-RFB4 monoclonal antibody – diagnosis – diagnostic mammogram – diagnostic procedures – diagnostic trial – diathermy – diaziquone – didanosine – DIEP flap – diethylstilbestrol – differentiation – difluoromethylornithine – digital mammography – digital photography – digital rectal examination – dihematoporphyrin ether – dimesna – dimethyl sulfoxide – dimethylxanthenone acetic acid – diphosphonate – dipyridamole – disease progression – disease-free survival – disease-specific survival – distal – distal pancreatectomy – distant


id: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles-4.md
category: reference
title: Index of oncology articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:49.665018+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-0
summary:
== G == G-CSF – gabapentin – Gail model – gallium nitrate – gallium scan – gamma knife – gamma ray – ganciclovir – ganglioside – gastrectomy – gastric atrophy – gastrinoma – gastroenterologist – gastroesophageal junction – gastroesophageal reflux disease – gastrointestinal – gastrointestinal stromal tumor – gastrointestinal tract – gastroscope – gastroscopy – gefitinib – geldanamycin analog – GEM 231 – gemcitabine – gemtuzumab ozogamicin – gene expression profiling – gene therapy – gene transfer – gene-modified – genetic analysis – genetic counseling – genetic deletion – genetic markers – genetic susceptibility – genetic testing – genistein – genitourinary system – genome – germ cell – germ cell tumor – German Commission E – germinoma – germline mutation – Gerota's capsule – Gerota's fascia – gestational trophoblastic disease – gestational trophoblastic neoplasia – gestational trophoblastic tumor – GI14721 – giant cell fibroblastoma – gimatecan – GIST – Gleason score – Gleevec – Gliadel Wafer – glial cell – glial tumor – glioblastoma – glioblastoma multiforme – glioma – gliosarcoma – glossectomy – glucagon – glucagonoma – glucocorticoid – gluconeogenesis – glufosfamide – glutamine – glutathione – glutathione S-transferase – glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase inhibitor – glycolysis – glycopeptide –


id: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-5
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles-5.md
category: reference
title: Index of oncology articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:49.665018+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-0
summary:
== I == ibandronate – ICI 182,780 – ICI D1694 – idarubicin – IDEC-Y2B8 monoclonal antibody – idiopathic – idiopathic myelofibrosis – idoxifene – idoxuridine – ifosfamide – IH636 grape seed extract – IL-1 – IL-1-alfa – IL-11 – IL-12 – IL-2 – IL-3 – IL-4 – IL-6 – ileostomy – iloprost – ILX-295501 – ILX23-7553 – IM-862 – imaging procedure – imatinib mesylate – imipenem – imiquimod – immune adjuvant – immune function – immune response – immune system – immune system tolerance – immunoassay – immunocompetence – immunocompetent – immunocompromised – immunodeficiency – immunodeficiency syndrome – immunoglobulin – immunological adjuvant – immunology – immunomodulation – immunophenotyping – immunoscintigraphy – immunostimulant – immunosuppression – immunosuppressive – immunosuppressive therapy – immunotherapy – immunotoxin – in situ cancer – incisional biopsy – incomplete Freund's adjuvant – indinavir – indium In 111 ibritumomab tiuxetan – indium In 111 pentetreotide – indole-3-carbinol – indolent lymphoma – indometacin – induction therapy – infiltrating cancer – infiltrating ductal carcinoma – inflammatory breast cancer – infliximab – infrared coagulation – inguinal orchiectomy – inoperable – inositol – inositol hexaphosphate – instillation – Institutional Review Board – intensification therapy – Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy – intercalator –


id: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-6
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles-6.md
category: reference
title: Index of oncology articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:49.665018+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-0
summary:
== M == M protein – macroglobulinemia – macrophage – mafosfamide – MAGE-3 – magnetic resonance imaging – magnetic resonance perfusion imaging – magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging – magnetic-targeted carrier – maintenance therapy – malabsorption syndrome – malignancy – malignant – malignant ascites – malignant fibrous cytoma – malignant fibrous histiocytoma – malignant meningioma – malignant mesothelioma – malignant mixed Müllerian tumor – malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor – malondialdehyde – MALT lymphoma – mammary – mammogram – mammography – Mammotome – mantle field – marimastat – mast cell – mastectomy – mastocytoma – matrix metalloproteinase – MDL 101,731 – MDX-060 – mean survival time – measurable disease – mechlorethamine – MEDI-507 – medial supraclavicular lymph node – median survival time – mediastinal pleura – mediastinoscopy – mediastinum – medical castration – medical oncologist – medroxyprogesterone – medullary breast carcinoma – medullary thyroid cancer – medulloblastoma – mega-voltage linear accelerator – megestrol – meiosis – melanocyte – melanoma – melanoma vaccine – melphalan – MEN-10755 – MEN1 syndrome – meningeal – meningeal metastases – meningioma – menopausal hormone therapy – mercaptopurine – mercury – Merkel cell cancer – mesenchymal – mesenteric membrane – mesna – mesonephroma – mesothelioma – metaplasia


id: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-7
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles-7.md
category: reference
title: Index of oncology articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:49.665018+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-0
summary:
== P == P-32 – p-value – p53 gene – Pacific valerian – paclitaxel – Paget's disease of bone – Paget's disease of the nipple – PALA – palatine uvula – palliative care – palliative therapy – Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia – pamidronate – Pancoast's tumor – pancreatectomy – pancreatic cancer – pancreatic duct – pancreatic enzyme – pancreatic juice – pancreatitis – PAP, same as Pap smear – Pap smear – Pap test, same as Pap smear – papillary serous carcinoma – papillary thyroid cancer – papillary tumor – papilledema – paracentesis – parageusia – paramyxovirus – paraneoplastic syndrome – parathyroid gland – parathyroid hormone – parenchyma – paresthesias – paricalcitol – parietal pericardium – Parkinson's disease – parotidectomy – paroxetine hydrochloride – partial cystectomy – partial laryngectomy – partial mastectomy – partial nephrectomy – partial oophorectomy – partial remission – partial response – passive antibody therapy – Paterson–Kelly syndrome – pathological staging – patient-controlled analgesia – Patient derived tumor xenografts – PCA – PDQ – peau d'orange – PEG-interferon alfa-2a – PEG-interferon alfa-2b – PEG-MGDF – pegaspargase – pegfilgrastim – PEITC – peldesine – pelvic exenteration – pelvic lymphadenectomy – pemetrexed disodium – penclomedine – penicillamine – pentetic acid


id: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-8
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles-8.md
category: reference
title: Index of oncology articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:49.665018+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-0
summary:
== S == S-1 – S-phase fraction – safingol – salpingo-oophorectomy – salvage therapy – samarium 153 – saponin – saquinavir mesylate – sarCNU – sarcoma – sarcosinamide nitrosourea – sargramostim – satraplatin – SC-70935 – SCH 54031 – SCH 66336 – SCH-58500 – Schiller test – Schwann cell – schwannoma – scintimammography – scleroderma – screening mammogram – Scutellaria barbata – SDX-102 – SDX-105 – second primary cancer – second-line therapy – second-look surgery – secondary cancer – sedoxantrone trihydrochloride – segmental cystectomy – segmental mastectomy – selective estrogen receptor modulator – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor – sella turcica – semaxanib – seminal vesicle biopsy – seminoma – semiparasitic – semustine – senile keratosis – sentinel lymph node – sentinel lymph node biopsy – sentinel lymph node mapping – seocalcitol – SERM – serotonin – sertraline – serum albumin – serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase – Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase – serum tumor marker test – sesquiterpene lactone – sestamibi breast imaging – severe myelosuppression – Sézary syndrome – SGN-00101 – SGN-15 – SGOT – SGPT – sham therapy – shave biopsy – Sho-saiko-to – sialic acid – sialyl Tn-KLH – side-to-end coloanal anastomosis – sideropenic dysphagia – sigmoidoscope –


id: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-9
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles-9.md
category: reference
title: Index of oncology articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:49.665018+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-oncology-articles-20260505-0
summary:
== U == ubiquinone – UCN-01 – UGT1A1 – ultrasonogram – ultrasonography – ultrasound-guided biopsy—see ultrasound and biopsy – ultraviolet radiation therapy—see ultraviolet radiation and radiation therapy – uncontrolled study—see clinical trial – unconventional cancer treatments—see experimental cancer treatment – undifferentiated—see cellular differentiation – unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy—see oophorectomy – unresectable—see resection – unresectable gallbladder cancer—see gallbladder cancer – unsealed internal radiation therapy—see radiation therapy – upper GI series – urachus – uracil – urea nitrogen—see blood urea nitrogen – ureteroscopy – urine cytology—see urine – urokinase – urologic oncologist—see urology and oncologist – urothelium – ursodiol – UV radiation – UVA radiation – UVB radiation – uvula == V == vaccine adjuvant – vaccine therapy – vaccinia CEA vaccine – vaginal cancer – vaginal melanoma–vaginal tumors – valacyclovir – valdecoxib – valerian – Valeriana officinalis – Valerianae radix – valganciclovir – valproic acid – vancomycin – vapreotide – varicose veins – vascular endothelial growth factor – VEGF – VEGF Trap – venlafaxine – video-assisted resection – video-assisted surgery – villous adenoma – villus – vinblastine – vinca alkaloid – vincristine – vindesine – vinorelbine – viral vector – virotherapy – virtual colonoscopy – Virulizin – virus replication cycle – virus-neutralizing antibody


id: index-of-optics-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_optics_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of optics articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_optics_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:51.043836+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-optics-articles-20260505-0
summary:
Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behavior of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light. Because light is an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves exhibit similar properties. == A == == B == == C == == D == == E == == F == == G == == H == == I == == J == == K == == L == == M == == N == == O == == P == == Q == == R == == S == == T == == U == == W == == Z == == See also == Category:Optical components Category:Optical materials == References == == External links ==


id: index-of-oral-health-and-dental-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oral_health_and_dental_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of oral health and dental articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oral_health_and_dental_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:52.331331+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-oral-health-and-dental-articles-20260505-0
summary:
Dental pertains to the teeth, including dentistry. Topics related to the dentistry, the human mouth and teeth include: == A == Abfraction • Abrasion • Academy of General Dentistry • Acinic cell carcinoma • Acrodont • Adalbert J. Volck • Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor • Adhesive Dentistry • Aetna • Agar • Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans • Aim toothpaste • Akers' clasp • Alberta Dental Association and College • Alfred Fones • Alfred P. Southwick • Alginic acid • Alice Timander • Allan G. Brodie • Alveolar bony defects • Alveolar osteitis • Alveolar process of maxilla • Alveolar ridge • Amalgam • Ameloblast • Ameloblastic fibroma • Ameloblastin • Ameloblastoma • Amelogenesis • Amelogenesis imperfecta • Amelogenin • American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry • American Academy of Periodontology • American Association of Endodontists • American Association of Orthodontists • American Dental Association • American Dental Education Association • American Dental Hygienists' Association • American Society of Dental Surgeons • American Student Dental Association • Amosan • Anbesol • Angular cheilitis • Anodontia • Anthony Hamilton-Smith, 3rd Baron Colwyn • Antoni Cieszyński • Apert syndrome • Apex locator • Aphthous ulcer • Applied kinesiology • Aquafresh • Archwire • Arizona Dental Association •


id: index-of-oral-health-and-dental-articles-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oral_health_and_dental_articles-1.md
category: reference
title: Index of oral health and dental articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oral_health_and_dental_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:52.331331+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-oral-health-and-dental-articles-20260505-0
summary:
== F == F. labii inferioris • Faculty of Dental Surgery • Faculty of General Dental Practice • False tooth • Fatima Jinnah Dental College • FDI World Dental Federation • FDI World Dental Federation notation • FDSRCS England • Fiberotomy • Filiform papilla • Fissured tongue • Fixed prosthodontics • Florida Dental Association • Fluoride therapy • Focal infection • Foliate papillae • Forensic dentistry • Frank Abbott (dentist) • Frank Crowther • Frederick B. Moorehead • Frederick Bogue Noyes • Frederick J. Conboy • Free gingival margin • Frenulum linguae • Frey's syndrome • Fungiform papilla == G == G. Walter Dittmar • Gardner's syndrome • Gargling • Gaspard Fauteux • Gene Derricotte • General Dental Council • General Practice Residency • Geographic tongue • Georg Carabelli • George S. Long • Gerald Cardinale • Geriatric dentistry • Gerrit Wolsink • Giant cell fibroma • Gigantiform cementoma • Gingiva • Gingival and periodontal pockets • Gingival cyst of the adult • Gingival cyst of the newborn • Gingival enlargement • Gingival fibers • Gingival sulcus • Gingivectomy • Gingivitis • Giovanni Battista Orsenigo • Glandular odontogenic cyst • Glasgow Dental Hospital and School • Glass ionomer cement •


id: index-of-oral-health-and-dental-articles-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oral_health_and_dental_articles-2.md
category: reference
title: Index of oral health and dental articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oral_health_and_dental_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:52.331331+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-oral-health-and-dental-articles-20260505-0
summary:
== O == Obligate nasal breathing • Occlusal splint • Occlusal trauma • Occlusion • Odontoblast • Odontoblast process • Odontode • Odontogenic keratocyst • Odontogenic myxoma • Odontogenic cyst • Odontoma • Ohaguro • Ohio College of Dental Surgery • Ohio Dental Association • Oil of cloves • Oil pulling • Olaflur • Omega Pharma • Ontario Dental Association • Open Dental • Orabase B • Oral-B • Oral candidiasis • Oral and maxillofacial radiology • Oral and maxillofacial surgery • Oral cancer • Oral hygiene • Oral care swab • Oral irrigator • Oral medicine • Oral microbiology • Oral mucosa • Oral pathology • Oral Surgery • Oral torus • Oral ulcer • Orofacial granulomatosis • Orson Hodge • Orthodontic Facemask & Reverse-Pull Headgear • Orthodontic headgear • Orthodontic spacer • Orthodontic Technicians Association • Orthodontic technology • Orthodontics • Orthopantomogram • Orville Howard Phillips • Oscar Willing • Osseointegrated implant • Osteonecrosis of the jaw • Osteoporotic bone marrow defect • Our Lady of Fatima University • Outer enamel epithelium == P == Painless Parker • Pakistan Medical and Dental Council • Palatal expander • Palate • Palatine uvula • Palmer notation • Parafunctional habit •


id: index-of-physics-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_physics_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of physics articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_physics_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:54.831446+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-physics-articles-20260505-0
summary:
Physics (Greek: physis–φύσις meaning "nature") is the natural science which examines basic concepts such as mass, charge, matter and its motion and all that derives from these, such as energy, force and spacetime. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the world and universe behave. The index of physics articles is split into multiple pages due to its size. To navigate by individual letter use the table of contents below. == See also == List of basic physics topics == References ==


id: index-of-psychology-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_psychology_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of psychology articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_psychology_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:56.202432+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-psychology-articles-20260505-0
summary:
Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Its subject matter includes the behavior of humans and nonhumans, both conscious and unconscious phenomena, and mental processes such as thoughts, feelings, and motives. Psychology is an academic discipline of broad scope, crossing the boundaries between the natural and social sciences. Biological psychologists seek an understanding of the emergent properties of brains, linking the discipline to neuroscience. As social scientists, psychologists aim to understand the behavior of individuals and groups. Articles related to psychology (excluding psychologists – see list of psychologists) include: == 0–9 == == A == == B == == C == == D == == E == == F == == G == == H == == I == == J == == K == == L == == M == == N == == O == == P == == Q == == R == == S == == T == == U == == V == == W == == X == == Y == == Z == == See also == Psychology-related Outline of psychology List of counseling topics Psychology journals List of psychology topic lists List of thinking-related topic lists General reference List


id: index-of-psychometrics-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_psychometrics_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of psychometrics articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_psychometrics_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:57.396590+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-psychometrics-articles-20260505-0
summary:
Articles related to psychometrics (measuring intelligence and cognitive traits) include: Intelligence quotient Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Big Five personality traits Personality tests Enneagram of Personality Scholastic Aptitude Test


id: index-of-radiation-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_radiation_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of radiation articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_radiation_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:58.624134+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-radiation-articles-20260505-0
summary:
absorbed dose Electromagnetic radiation equivalent dose hormesis Ionizing radiation Louis Harold Gray (British physicist) rad (unit) radar radar astronomy radar cross section radar detector radar gun radar jamming (radar reflector) corner reflector radar warning receiver (Radarange) microwave oven radiance (radiant: see) meteor shower radiation Radiation absorption Radiation acne Radiation angle radiant barrier (radiation belt: see) Van Allen radiation belt Radiation belt electron Radiation belt model Radiation Belt Storm Probes radiation budget Radiation burn Radiation cancer (radiation contamination) radioactive contamination Radiation contingency Radiation damage Radiation damping Radiation-dominated era Radiation dose reconstruction Radiation dosimeter Radiation effect radiant energy Radiation enteropathy (radiation exposure) radioactive contamination Radiation flux (radiation gauge: see) gauge fixing radiation hardening (radiant heat) thermal radiation radiant heating radiant intensity radiation hormesis radiation impedance radiation implosion Radiation-induced lung injury Radiation Laboratory radiation length radiation mode radiation oncologist radiation pattern radiation poisoning (radiation sickness) radiation pressure radiation protection (radiation shield) (radiation shielding) radiation resistance Radiation Safety Officer radiation scattering radiation therapist radiation therapy (radiotherapy) (radiation treatment) radiation therapy (radiation units: see) Category:Units of radiation dose (radiation weight factor: see) equivalent dose radiation zone radiative cooling radiative forcing radiator radio (radio amateur: see) amateur radio (radio antenna) antenna (radio) radio astronomy radio beacon


id: index-of-radio-propagation-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_radio_propagation_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of radio propagation articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_radio_propagation_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:49:59.900119+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-radio-propagation-articles-20260505-0
summary:
This is an index to articles about terms used in discussion of radio propagation. == A == A-index - active region - Alfvén wave - amateur radio bands - anomalous propagation - antenna height above average terrain - area-to-area Lee model - American Radio Relay League (ARRL) - atmospheric duct - aurora - == B == backscatter - bow shock - brightness temperature - broadcast range - burst transmission - == C == Cassegrain antenna - celestial equator - cellular telephony - Chapman function - clutter (radar) - co-channel interference - coherence bandwidth - coherence time - communication with submarines - computation of radiowave attenuation in the atmosphere - Conder plot - conjugate points - corona - coronagraph - coronal hole - coronal loops - coronal mass ejection - cosmic noise - cosmic ray - COST Hata model - COST 231 model - Coverage map - Cp index - creeping wave - critical frequency - Critical hours - == D == D region - decibel - delay spread - Dellinger effect - differential rotation - dipole antenna - directional antenna - diurnal phase shift - diversity combining - diversity scheme - Doppler effect - Doppler shift - dose rate -


id: index-of-sociology-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_sociology_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of sociology articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_sociology_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:01.232160+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-sociology-articles-20260505-0
summary:
This is an index of sociology articles. For a shorter list, see List of basic sociology topics. == A == ableism — abortion — absolute poverty — achieved status — acute disease — adaptation — adultism — affect control theory — affirmative action — affluent alienation — age grade — age structure — aging in place — ageism — agency — AGIL Paradigm — aggregate — ageism — agrarian society — agribusiness — AIDS — air pollution — alcoholism — altermodern — alienation — alien land law — alternative society — altruism — alzheimer's disease — Amae — amalgamation — Americanization — Anabaptist — anarchy — androgyny — animal abuse — animism — anomia — anomie — anthropology — antipositivism — antisemitism — apartheid — apollonian — applied science — approach — appropriate technology — The Archaeology of Knowledge — arms race — arms trade — arranged marriage — asceticism — Asch conformity experiments — ascribed status — assimilation — assisted living — attribution theory — autarky — authentic act — authoritarian personality — authoritarianism — authority — autocracy — automation — avant-garde == B == baby boomer — balance of power — base and superstructure — The Bell Curve


id: index-of-sociology-articles-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_sociology_articles-1.md
category: reference
title: Index of sociology articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_sociology_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:01.232160+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-sociology-articles-20260505-0
summary:
== I == 'I' and the 'me' — iatrogenesis — ideal type — identity — identity politics — ideology — imagined communities — immigration — imperialism — ingroup — income — independent variable — industrial democracy — industrial production — industrial society — industrial sociology — industrialisation — industrialization of war — infant mortality— informal economy — information technology —infrastructure — inner city — instinct — institution — institutional discrimination — imprinting — institutional racism — insurgency — intelligence — intelligence quotient — intelligentsia — intentional community — interaction — interest group — intergenerational mobility — internal colonialism — international division of labor — interpersonal violence — interpretive == J == Japanization — Jim Crow laws — jingoism — Judaism — justice, distributive — juvenile delinquency == K == kin selection — kinship — kindness == L == labeling theory — labour power — laissez-faire — late modernity — Latino/a — latent function — law — legitimacy — legitimation crisis — Leipzig school — lesbianism — liberal democracy — life-course — life-cycle — life expectancy — lifeworld — limited war — literacy — local knowledge — longevity — longitudinal study — looking-glass self — love — luddism — luddite —


id: index-of-sociology-articles-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_sociology_articles-2.md
category: reference
title: Index of sociology articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_sociology_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:01.232160+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-sociology-articles-20260505-0
summary:
=== Social === social actions — social activism — social actor — social analysis — social animal — social anthropology — social phobia — social assistance — social artifact — social attitude — social balance theory — social behavior — social bookmarking — social capital — social center — social change — social character — social chauvinism — social choice function — social choice theory — social circle — social class — social club — social closure — social cognition — social commentary — social complexity — social computing — social condenser — social conflict — social conservatism — social contact — social contract — social construction — social constructionism — social construction of technology — social context — social control — social cost — Social Credit — social cycle theory — social dance — social Darwinism — social democracy — social demography — social development — social diffusion theory — social dilemma — social disobedience — social disorganization — social division — social ecology — social effect of evolutionary theory — social effects of rock and roll — social elite — social engineering — social environment — social enterprise — social epistemology — social equality — social evolution —


id: index-of-solar-energy-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_solar_energy_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of solar energy articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_solar_energy_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:02.634375+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-solar-energy-articles-20260505-0
summary:
This is a list of solar energy topics. == A == Air mass coefficient Agrivoltaics Artificial photosynthesis == B == BP Solar BrightSource Energy Building-integrated photovoltaics == C == Carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics Central solar heating plant Community solar farm Compact linear Fresnel reflector Concentrating photovoltaics Concentrating solar power Crookes radiometer == D == Daylighting Horace de Saussure Desertec Drake Landing Solar Community Duck curve Dye-sensitized solar cell == E == Effect of sun angle on climate Energy tower (downdraft) EURO-SOLAR Programme European Photovoltaic Industry Association == F == Feed-in tariff First Solar Flip Flap Floating Solar (Floatovoltaics) Fresnel reflector Charles Fritts Calvin Fuller == G == Geomagnetic storm Global dimming Greenhouse Growth of photovoltaics == H == Halo (optical phenomenon) Helioseismology Heliostat Home Energy Storage == I == Indosolar Insolation Abram Ioffe ISE (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems) Ivanpah Solar Power Facility == J == Jinko Solar == L == Light tube List of photovoltaic power stations List of solar thermal power stations Loanpal == M == Magnetic sail Auguste Mouchout Moura photovoltaic power station == N == Nanocrystal solar cell Net metering Nevada Solar One == P == Parabolic reflector Parabolic trough Passive solar Passive solar building


id: index-of-steam-energy-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_steam_energy_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of steam energy articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_steam_energy_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:03.822089+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-steam-energy-articles-20260505-0
summary:
portable engine steam aircraft (steam ball) aeolipile (steam bath) sauna steam brig steam bus steam cannon steam car steam crane steam donkey steam dummy (dummy engine) (steam electric power plant) fossil fuel power plant (FFPP) (steam electrolysis) high-temperature electrolysis steam engine stationary steam engine steam explosion steam fair Steam generator (boiler) steam generator Steam generator (nuclear power) steam hammer steam locomotive steam locomotive nomenclature steam locomotives of British Railways Steam Locomotives of Ireland steam power during the Industrial Revolution steam railroad steam reforming steam rupture steam shovel (steam sterilizer) autoclave steam tank (vehicle) steam tractor (steam train)–see steam locomotive steam tricycle steam turbine steam turbine locomotive steamboat steamroller steam whistle traction engine == See also == List of environment topics Category:Steam road vehicles


id: index-of-trauma-and-orthopaedics-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_trauma_and_orthopaedics_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of trauma and orthopaedics articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_trauma_and_orthopaedics_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:05.010504+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-trauma-and-orthopaedics-articles-20260505-0
summary:
Orthopedic surgery is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal injuries, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, bone tumours, and congenital limb deformities. Trauma surgery and traumatology is a sub-specialty dealing with the operative management of fractures, major trauma and the multiply-injured patient. List excludes anatomical terminology covered in index of anatomy articles. == A == Abbreviated Injury Scale - Acetabular fracture - Acheiropodia - Achilles tendon rupture - Acromioplasty - Adamantinoma - Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder - Advanced trauma life support - Ainhum - Akin osteotomy - Albers-Schonberg disease - Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy - Allis test - ALPSA lesion - Amelia (birth defect) - American Joint Replacement Registry - Amphiarthrosis - Andersson lesion - Aneurysmal bone cyst - Ankle replacement - Anterior cruciate ligament injury - Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction - Antley–Bixler syndrome - Apert syndrome - Apley grind test - Apley scratch test - Apprehension test - Arachnodactyly - Arm fracture - Arthralgia - Arthritis - Arthrocentesis - Arthrodesis - Arthrogram - Arthrogryposis - Arthroplasty - Arthroscopy - Arthrotomy - Articular capsule - Articular cartilage repair - Astragalectomy - Autologous chondrocyte implantation - Avascular


id: index-of-trauma-and-orthopaedics-articles-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_trauma_and_orthopaedics_articles-1.md
category: reference
title: Index of trauma and orthopaedics articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_trauma_and_orthopaedics_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:05.010504+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-trauma-and-orthopaedics-articles-20260505-0
summary:
== H == Haglund's deformity - Hajdu–Cheney syndrome - Hallux rigidus - Hallux valgus - Hallux varus - Hammer toe - Hand deformity - Hand fracture - Hand of benediction - Hand surgery - Hangman's fracture - Haruguchi classification - Hardinge lateral approach to the hip - Harrington rod - Harris Hip Score - Harris lines - Harrison's groove - Haversian canal - Hawkin's classification - Hawkins-Kennedy test - Heberden's node - Hemarthrosis - Hematoma - Hemimelia - Herbert classification - Herbert screw - Herscovici classification - High ankle sprain - High tibial osteotomy - Hilgenreiner's line - Hill–Sachs lesion - Hip dysplasia (human) - Hip examination - Hip fracture - Hip replacement - Hip resurfacing - Hip spica cast - Hoffa fracture - Holdsworth fracture - Holstein–Lewis fracture - Hubscher's maneuver - Hueter-Volkmann law - Human musculoskeletal system - Hume fracture - Hume fracture - Humerus fracture - Humphrey's ligament - Hyaline cartilage - Hydroxylapatite - Hyperostosis - Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy == I == Ideberg classification - Ilizarov apparatus - Infantile cortical hyperostosis - Injury Severity Score - Internal fixation - Intervertebral disc annuloplasty - Intervertebral disc arthroplasty - Intramedullary rod - Intramembranous ossification - Involucrum - Irregular bone


id: index-of-trauma-and-orthopaedics-articles-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_trauma_and_orthopaedics_articles-2.md
category: reference
title: Index of trauma and orthopaedics articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_trauma_and_orthopaedics_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:05.010504+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-trauma-and-orthopaedics-articles-20260505-0
summary:
== S == Sacralization of the fifth lumbar vertebra - Salter–Harris fracture - Sanders classification - Sarcoma - Scaphoid fracture - Scapular fracture - Schenck classification - Scheuermann's disease - Schmorl's nodes - Schober's test - Schwartz–Jampel syndrome - Scoliosis - Seddon classification - Segond fracture - Seidel nail - Seinsheimer classification - Separated shoulder - Sequestrum - Sesamoid bone - Sesamoiditis - Sever's disease - Shenton's Line - Shepherd's fracture - Shin splints - Short bone - Shoulder examination - Shoulder fracture - Shoulder replacement - Shoulder surgery - Silver–Russell syndrome - Simmonds' test - Skeletal fluorosis - SLAP tear - Slipped capital femoral epiphysis - Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis - Smith Peterson nail - Smith-Petersen anterior approach to the hip - Smith's fracture - Soft tissue injury - Southwick angle - Speed's test - Spina bifida occulta - Spinal curvature - Spinal fracture - Spinal fusion - Spiral fracture - Splint (medicine) - Spondylolisthesis - Sports injury - Sprained ankle - Sprengel's deformity - Steinmann pin - Stener lesion - Sternal fracture - Stieda fracture - Straight leg raise - Stress fracture - Subacromial bursitis - Sudeck's atrophy - Sulcoplasty - Supracondylar fracture - Swan neck deformity -


id: index-of-women-scientists-articles-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_women_scientists_articles-0.md
category: reference
title: Index of women scientists articles
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_women_scientists_articles
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:07.517839+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: index-of-women-scientists-articles-20260505-0
summary:
== A == == B == == C == == D == == E == == F == == G == == H == == I == == J == == K == == L == == M == == N == == O == == P == == R == == S == == T == == U == == V == == W == == X == == Y == == Z == == Trans man scientists who were scientists before transitioning == == Transmasculine non-binary scientists who were scientists before transitioning == == Transfeminine non-binary scientists == == See also == List of female Fellows of the Royal Society List of female mathematicians List of female scientists before the 21st century List of women geologists Women in chemistry Women in computing Women in geology Women in science Women in STEM fields == References == Herzenberg, Caroline L. 1986. Women Scientists from Antiquity to the Present: An Index. Locust Hill Press. ISBN 0-933951-01-9 Howard S. The Hidden Giants, ch. 2, (Lulu.com; 2006) (accessed 22 August 2007) Howes, Ruth H. and Caroline L. Herzenberg. 1999. Their Day in the Sun: Women of the Manhattan Project. Temple University Press. ISBN


id: list-of-works-on-intelligent-design-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_on_intelligent_design-0.md
category: reference
title: List of works on intelligent design
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_on_intelligent_design
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:09.568361+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-works-on-intelligent-design-20260505-0
summary:
This is a list of works addressing the subject or the themes of intelligent design. == Non-fiction == === Supportive non-fiction === ==== Supportive non-fiction books ==== Ashton, John F, ed. (2001). In Six Days : Why Fifty Scientists Choose to Believe in Creation. Master Books. ISBN 978-0-89051-341-5. Ashton, John F, ed. (2001). On the Seventh Day: Forty Scientists and Academics Explain Why They Believe in God. Master Books. ISBN 978-0-89051-376-7. Michael J. Behe. Darwin's Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution, New York: Free Press, 1996. ISBN 0-684-83493-6 Michael J. Behe, William A. Dembski, Stephen C. Meyer. Science and Evidence for Design in the Universe (Proceedings of the Wethersfield Institute), Ignatius Press 2000, ISBN 0-89870-809-5 Michael J. Behe, The Edge of Evolution, Free Press, June 5, 2007, ISBN 0-7432-9620-6 David Berlinski. The Devil's Delusion: Atheism and its Scientific Pretensions, Basic Books; Reprint edition, 2009, ISBN 0-465-01937-4 Campbell, John Angus; Stephen C. Meyer, eds. (2004). Darwinism, Design, and Public Education. Rhetoric and Public Affairs Series. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87013-675-7. Archived from the original on 2006-09-03. Ann Coulter (2006). Godless: The Church of Liberalism. Crown Forum. ISBN 978-1-4000-5420-6. (Attacks evolution. Not a support for Creationism.) Percival Davis


id: list-of-works-on-intelligent-design-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_on_intelligent_design-1.md
category: reference
title: List of works on intelligent design
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_on_intelligent_design
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:09.568361+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-works-on-intelligent-design-20260505-0
summary:
==== Supportive non-fiction anthologies ==== John Angus Campbell, Stephen C. Meyer ed. Darwinism, Design and Public Education, Michigan State University Press, December 2003, ISBN 0-87013-670-4 Why Are We Still Debating Darwinism? Why Not Teach the Controversy? John Angus Campbell PART I—Should Darwinism Be Presented Critically and Comparatively in the Public Schools? Philosophical, Educational, and Legal Issues Intelligent Design, Darwinism, and the Philosophy of Public Education, John Angus Campbell Intelligent Design Theory, Religion, and the Science Curriculum, Warren A. Nord Teaching the Controversy: Is It Science, Religion, or Speech? David DeWolf, Stephen C. Meyer, and Mark E. DeForrest PART II—Scientific Critique of Biology Textbooks and Contemporary Evolutionary Theory The Meanings of Evolution, Stephen C. Meyer and Michael Newton Keas The Deniable Darwin, David Berlinski Haeckel's Embryos and Evolution: Setting the Record Straight, Jonathan Wells Second Thoughts about Peppered Moths, Jonathan Wells Where Do We Come From? A Humbling Look at the Biology of Life's Origin, Massimo Pigliucci Origin of Life and Evolution in Biology Textbooks: A Critique, Gordon C. Mills, Malcolm Lancaster, and Walter L. Bradley PART III—The Theory of Intelligent Design: A Scientific Alternative to Neo-Darwinian and/or Chemical Evolutionary Theories DNA and the Origin of Life: Information, Specification, and Explanation,


id: list-of-works-on-intelligent-design-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_on_intelligent_design-2.md
category: reference
title: List of works on intelligent design
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_on_intelligent_design
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:09.568361+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-works-on-intelligent-design-20260505-0
summary:
==== Neutral non-fiction books ==== David L. Bender (1988). Science and Religion; Opposing Viewpoints. St. Paul, Minnesota: Greenhaven Press. ISBN 0-89908-406-0 Carl Johan Calleman (2009). The Purposeful Universe: How Quantum Theory and Mayan Cosmology Explain the Origin and Evolution of Life. Bear & Company. ISBN 1-59143-104-2 Michael Corey (2007). The God Hypothesis: Discovering Design in Our Just Right Goldilocks Universe. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 0-7425-5889-4 Paul Davies (2007). Cosmic Jackpot The Goldilocks Enigma: Why is the Universe Just Right for Life?. ISBN 978-0-618-59226-5 James Le Fanu (2009). Why Us?: How Science Rediscovered the Mystery of Ourselves. Pantheon. ISBN 0-375-42198-X Jerry Fodor and Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini. (2011) What Darwin Got Wrong. Picador; Reprint edition ISBN 0-312-68066-X James N. Gardner (2003). Biocosm: The New Scientific Theory of Evolution: Intelligent Life Is the Architect of the Universe. Inner Ocean Publishing. ISBN 1-930722-26-5 Brian Goodwin (2001). How the Leopard Changed its Spots: The Evolution of Complexity. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-08809-8 Amit Goswami (2008). Creative Evolution: A Physicist's Resolution Between Darwinism and Intelligent Design. Quest Books; 1st Quest Ed edition. ISBN 0-8356-0858-1 George Greenstein (1988). The Symbiotic Universe: Life and mind in the Cosmos. Morrow. ISBN 0-688-07604-1 Bernard Haisch (2010). The Purpose-Guided Universe: Believing


id: list-of-works-on-intelligent-design-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_on_intelligent_design-3.md
category: reference
title: List of works on intelligent design
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_on_intelligent_design
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:09.568361+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-works-on-intelligent-design-20260505-0
summary:
==== Neutral non-fiction anthologies ==== Robert Pennock ed. Intelligent Design Creationism and its Critics: Philosophical, Theological, and Scientific Perspectives, MIT Press (2002). ISBN 0-262-66124-1 Intelligent Design Creationism's "Wedge Strategy" The Wedge at Work: How Intelligent Design Creationism is Wedging Its Way into the Cultural and Academic Mainstream, by Barbara Forrest Johnson's Critique of Evolutionary Naturalism Evolution as Dogma: The Establishment of Naturalism, by Phillip E. Johnson Naturalism, Evidence and Creationism: The Case of Phillip Johnson, by Robert T. Pennock Response to Pennock by Phillip E. Johnson Reply: Johnson's Reason in the Balance, by Robert T. Pennock A Theological Conflict?: Evolution vs. the Bible When Faith and Reason Clash: Evolution and the Bible, by Alvin Plantinga When Faith and Reason Cooperate, by Howard J. Van Till Plantinga's Defense of Special Creation, by Ernan McMullin Evolution, Neutrality, and Antecedent Probability: A Reply to McMullin and Van Till, by Alvin Plantinga Intelligent Design's Scientific Claims Molecular Machines: Experimental Support for the Design Inference, by Michael J. Behe Born Again Creationism, by Philip Kitcher Biology Remystified: The Scientific Claims of the New Creationists, by Matthew J. Brauer & Daniel R. Brumbaugh Plantinga's Critique of Naturalism & Evolution Methodological Naturalism?, by Alvin Plantinga Methodological Naturalism


id: list-of-works-on-intelligent-design-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_on_intelligent_design-4.md
category: reference
title: List of works on intelligent design
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_on_intelligent_design
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:09.568361+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-works-on-intelligent-design-20260505-0
summary:
==== Critical non-fiction books ==== Ayala, Francisco J. (2006). Darwin and Intelligent Design. Facets Series. Fortress Press. ISBN 978-0-8006-3802-3. Brockman, John (ed.) (2006). Intelligent thought. Science versus the intelligent design movement. New York, New York: Vintage. ISBN 978-0-307-27722-0. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help) Claramonte, Vicente (2009). La cientificidad del diseño inteligente. Tirant lo Blanch. ISBN 978-84-9876-165-8. Richard Dawkins. The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe Without Design, W. W. Norton & Company (1996). ISBN 0-393-31570-3 Richard Dawkins. The God Delusion, Houghton Mifflin (October 18, 2006). ISBN 0-618-68000-4 Richard Dawkins. The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution (2009) ISBN 978-1416594789 Barbara Forrest and Paul R. Gross. Creationism's Trojan Horse: The Wedge of Intelligent Design, Oxford University Press (2004). ISBN 0-19-515742-7 Foster, John Bellamy; Brett Clark; Richard York (2008). Critique of Intelligent Design: Materialism Versus Creationism from Antiquity to the Present. New York: Monthly Review Press. ISBN 978-1-58367-173-3. Isaak, Mark (2005). The Counter-Creationism Handbook. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-33305-7. Ernst Mayr. One Long Argument: Charles Darwin and the Genesis of Modern Evolutionary Thought, Harvard University Press (1993). ISBN 0-674-63906-5 Kenneth R. Miller. Finding Darwin's God, HarperCollins (1999). ISBN 0-06-093049-7 National Academy of Sciences. Science and


id: list-of-works-on-intelligent-design-20260505-5
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_on_intelligent_design-5.md
category: reference
title: List of works on intelligent design
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_on_intelligent_design
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:09.568361+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-works-on-intelligent-design-20260505-0
summary:
==== Critical non-fiction papers and articles ==== Attie, Alan D.; Elliott Sober; Ronald L. Numbers; Richard M. Amasino; Beth Cox; Terese Berceau; Thomas Powell; Michael M. Cox (2006). "Defending science education against intelligent design: a call to action". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 116 (5): 1134–1138. doi:10.1172/JCI28449. PMC 1451210. PMID 16670753. Bauer, D.R. (2006). "Resolving the controversy over "teaching the controversy": The constitutionality of teaching intelligent design in public schools". Fordham Law Review. 75 (2): 1019–1063. Beja, A. (2006). "The judge and "intelligent design" in the United States". Esprit (6): 181–184. Bland, M. (2005). "Intelligent design: the response". Physics World. 18 (12): 19. doi:10.1088/2058-7058/18/10/27. Branch, Glenn (March 2007). "Understanding Creationism after Kitzmiller". BioScience. 57 (3): 278–284. doi:10.1641/B570313. Frederick C. Crews. Saving Us from Darwin, The New York Review of Books, Vol 48, No 15 (4 October 2001). Frederick C. Crews. Saving Us from Darwin, Part II, The New York Review of Books, Vol 48, No 16 (18 October 2001). Fitelson, Branden; Elliott Sober (1998). "Plantinga's Probability Arguments Against Evolutionary Naturalism" (PDF). Pacific Philosophical Quarterly. 79 (2): 115–129. doi:10.1111/1468-0114.00053. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-28. Retrieved 2007-06-24. Fitelson, Branden; Christopher Stephens; Elliott Sober (1999). "How Not to Detect Design--- A Review


id: list-of-works-on-intelligent-design-20260505-6
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_on_intelligent_design-6.md
category: reference
title: List of works on intelligent design
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_on_intelligent_design
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:09.568361+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-works-on-intelligent-design-20260505-0
summary:
==== Critical non-fiction films ==== Flock of Dodos A biting, tongue-in-cheek documentary that pans both sides of the debate. Judgement Day: Intelligent Design on Trial, a Public Broadcasting Service NOVA television documentary about the Kitzmiller v. Dover federal trial A War on Science is a 49-minute BBC Horizon television documentary about intelligent design, including the 2005 Kitzmiller v. Dover court battle. It prominently features Oxford University professor, biologist Richard Dawkins. It was first broadcast on 26 January 2006. Intelligent design supporters and promoters Phillip Johnson, Michael Behe, Stephen C. Meyer and William A. Dembski also appear in the documentary. == Fiction == The concept of life having been designed or manipulated is a staple of science fiction. Aspects of Intelligent Design are explored in: Calculating God by Robert J. Sawyer. 2000. ISBN 0-312-86713-1 A science fiction novel in which an intelligent designer is manipulating reality solely for the benefit of human-kind and three other sentient species residing in our galaxy. 2001: A Space Odyssey; in the movie, human evolution is accelerated and guided by an unspecified force, assumed by many to be aliens. In the novel based on the film, human evolution is accelerated and guided by aliens. In the


id: list-of-abuse-allegations-made-through-facilitated-communication-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_abuse_allegations_made_through_facilitated_communication-0.md
category: reference
title: List of abuse allegations made through facilitated communication
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_abuse_allegations_made_through_facilitated_communication
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:10.791741+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-abuse-allegations-made-through-facilitated-communication-20260505-0
summary:
There have been instances in which a person, through facilitated communication (FC)—a scientifically discredited technique that attempts to aid communication by people with autism or other communication disabilities who are non-verbal—seems to disclose experiences of abuse. Often, the alleged abuse is sexual and contains "extensive, explicit, pornographic details". While facilitators are taught to expect their communication partners to reveal sensitive, personal issues, researchers find that facilitators involved in this type of case mistakenly suspect abuse by family members or others. Despite this, some abuse accusations first made via FC have been later proven credible through physical evidence, medical records, and witness testimony by parties unrelated to FC. In one study, out of 13 children who had made such accusations using FC, four had evidence of sexual abuse, two had physical findings consistent with sexual abuse, one also disclosed the allegation verbally, and one perpetrator confessed following the accusation. In 1993, Frontline's "Prisoners of Silence" featured the story of Gerry Gherardi of New Hampshire, who was accused, through FC-generated messages, of sexually abusing his son. Despite protestations of innocence, Gherardi was forced to stay away from his home for six months. The charges were dropped when court-ordered double-blind tests showed that


id: list-of-abuse-allegations-made-through-facilitated-communication-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_abuse_allegations_made_through_facilitated_communication-1.md
category: reference
title: List of abuse allegations made through facilitated communication
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_abuse_allegations_made_through_facilitated_communication
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:10.791741+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-abuse-allegations-made-through-facilitated-communication-20260505-0
summary:
=== Wheaton case === In 1992, the parents of Betsy Wheaton, a 16-year-old nonspeaking person with autism, were, through facilitated communication, falsely accused of sexually abusing their daughter. The facilitator, Janyce Boynton, who was trained in FC at the University of Maine, interpreted Betsy's hitting and scratching during facilitated sessions as reenactments of abuses occurring at home. Boynton reported these incidents to the Department of Human Services, and Betsy and her brother were removed from the home. The brother was also implicated. The parents' attorney hired Howard Shane of Boston Children's Hospital to conduct testing of authorship. It was determined through double blind testing that Boynton, not Betsy, was authoring the messages obtained through facilitation. Boynton, unlike many other facilitators who have undergone testing, accepted the results, stopped using FC, and persuaded the school system to stop using FC as well. Looking back on her training, Boynton could see that it had been inadequate. She had not worked with anyone who was nonverbal, and she was pronounced "good to go" after only two days of mostly lectures. She knew that disabled people suffer relatively high levels of abuse, was taught that there was a strong affinity between patient and facilitator,


id: list-of-abuse-allegations-made-through-facilitated-communication-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_abuse_allegations_made_through_facilitated_communication-2.md
category: reference
title: List of abuse allegations made through facilitated communication
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_abuse_allegations_made_through_facilitated_communication
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:10.791741+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-abuse-allegations-made-through-facilitated-communication-20260505-0
summary:
=== John Pinnington case === In 1998, middle-aged John Pinnington changed careers to focus on the care and treatment of individuals with autism (having been inspired by his experiences with his own autistic step-son). After several years of work in the field, Pinnington was hired by Thomley Hall College, a specialist facility for students aged 16–25 with autism, where he was promoted to the position of Deputy Headmaster in 2004. At the time of his promotion the college was aware that between the years 2000 and 2002, two young adults with autism had accused Pinnington of sexual abuse. Those charges, made during facilitated communication sessions, had been investigated by the college and by the police and found to be without foundation. In 2005, Pinnington learned that a third young man with autism had made an abuse allegation. Again, the charges were made during a facilitated communication session. Despite the dismissal of all charges by police investigators, the law in the UK required that a record of the allegations remain in Pinnington's police record, and the charges came to light later in 2005 when a new set of background checks were mandated by a charity that had taken over the college.


id: list-of-abuse-allegations-made-through-facilitated-communication-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_abuse_allegations_made_through_facilitated_communication-3.md
category: reference
title: List of abuse allegations made through facilitated communication
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_abuse_allegations_made_through_facilitated_communication
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:10.791741+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-abuse-allegations-made-through-facilitated-communication-20260505-0
summary:
=== Wales case === In 2012, the parents of a young woman with severe intellectual disabilities, autism, and profound communication problems were reunited with their daughter after the Public Services Ombudsman for Wales concluded they had been wrongfully arrested on suspicion of serious sexual assault obtained via FC. The family had been separated for six months. No charges were brought against the parents. Rowan Wilson, a psychiatrist, had, on November 8, 2010, assessed the woman's mental capacity using FC, though he, admittedly, had no knowledge or experience of the system. He also failed to consider the discrepancy between the woman's language fluency with and without FC. The Medical Practitioners Tribunal Services ruled that Wilson was still fit to practice because "he had shown remorse and insight into the errors he was highly unlikely to repeat." Wilson participated in further training in autism. === Hialeah case === In 2018, Jose Cordero spent 35 days in jail and was barred from seeing his family for months after he was accused of abusing his seven-year-old autistic son. The accusations arose through the child's teacher using the "hand-over-hand" method of FC. Miami-Dade prosecutors grew suspicious when, through the facilitator the boy made even more


id: list-of-psychic-abilities-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_psychic_abilities-0.md
category: reference
title: List of psychic abilities
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_psychic_abilities
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:12.029125+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-psychic-abilities-20260505-0
summary:
This is a list of psychic abilities attributed to real-world people. Many of these abilities pertain to variations of extrasensory perception or the sixth sense. Superhuman abilities from fiction are not included. == Psychic abilities == Aerokinesis – The ability to control air and wind. Astral projection or mental projection – The ability to voluntarily project an astral body or mental body, being associated with the out-of-body experience, in which one's consciousness or a state of day dream-like experience imagines an imaginary or future state of one's being. Atmokinesis – The ability to regulate the weather by "calling" for snow, rain, or sunshine. Automatic writing – The ability to draw or write without conscious intent. Bilocation – The ability to be present in two different places at the same time, usually attributed to a saint. Biokinesis - The ability to control any form of life from a single nucleotide to an entire ecosystem simultaneously. Chlorokinesis – The ability to mentally and/or physically summon, control and manipulate plants and vegetation. Cryokinesis – The ability to control ice or cold with one's mind. Curse – Any expressed wish that some form of adversity or misfortune will befall or attach to one or


id: curious-cases-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curious_Cases-0.md
category: reference
title: Curious Cases
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curious_Cases
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:13.542687+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: curious-cases-20260505-0
summary:
Curious Cases is a BBC Radio 4 science programme, presented by Hannah Fry and Dara Ó Briain. Each episode tackles a question sent in by a listener (who are collectively known as The Curios), which they attempt to solve "using the power of science". Currently in its 24th series, it is broadcast weekly on Saturdays. Originally called "The Curious Cases of Rutherford and Fry", the first 21 series were presented by Adam Rutherford and Hannah Fry, with the first episode airing on Monday, 15 February 2016. After the end of the 21st series, there was a break of just over 19 months. The first episode of series 22 was broadcast on 4 October 2024 with Ó Briain replacing Rutherford. == Presenters == Hannah Fry has co-hosted the series since its inception to the present. Fry was appointed the Professor of the Public Understanding of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, UK on 1 January 2025. She was awarded the David Attenborough Award by the Royal Society in 2024. Adam Rutherford is a geneticist, writer and author and lecturer at University College London. He was awarded the David Attenborough Award by the Royal Society in 2021., and appointed President of Humanists


id: glossary-of-aerospace-engineering-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-0.md
category: reference
title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:15.292303+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: glossary-of-aerospace-engineering-20260505-0
summary:
This glossary of aerospace engineering terms pertains specifically to aerospace engineering, its sub-disciplines, and related fields including aviation and aeronautics. For a broad overview of engineering, see glossary of engineering.


id: glossary-of-aerospace-engineering-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-1.md
category: reference
title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:15.292303+00:00
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parent: glossary-of-aerospace-engineering-20260505-0
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== A == Above ground level – In aviation, atmospheric sciences and broadcasting, a height above ground level (AGL) is a height measured with respect to the underlying ground surface. This is as opposed to altitude/elevation above mean sea level (AMSL), or (in broadcast engineering) height above average terrain (HAAT). In other words, these expressions (AGL, AMSL, HAAT) indicate where the "zero level" or "reference altitude" is located. Absolute humidity – describes the water content of air and is expressed in either grams per cubic meter or grams per kilogram. Absolute value – In mathematics, the absolute value or modulus |x| of a real number x is the non-negative value of x without regard to its sign. Namely, |x| = x for a positive x, |x| = −x for a negative x (in which case −x is positive), and |0| = 0. For example, the absolute value of 3 is 3, and the absolute value of −3 is also 3. The absolute value of a number may be thought of as its distance from zero. Acceleration – In physics, acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time. An object's acceleration is the net


id: glossary-of-aerospace-engineering-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-2.md
category: reference
title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:15.292303+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: glossary-of-aerospace-engineering-20260505-0
summary:
The rocket's rotation (induced by the deployment from the aircraft) is slowed by a small parachute attached to its tail, then ignited once the carrier aircraft has passed it. It is ignited before it is pointing fully vertically, however it will turn to do so, and accelerates to pass behind the carrier aircraft. AGL – Above ground level Aileron – is a hinged flight control surface usually forming part of the trailing edge of each wing of a fixed-wing aircraft. Ailerons are used in pairs to control the aircraft in roll (or movement around the aircraft's longitudinal axis), which normally results in a change in flight path due to the tilting of the lift vector. Movement around this axis is called 'rolling' or 'banking'. Air-augmented rocket – Aircraft – is a machine that is able to fly by gaining support from the air. It counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines. Common examples of aircraft include airplanes, helicopters, airships (including blimps), gliders, and hot air balloons. Aircraft flight control systems – A conventional fixed-wing aircraft flight control


id: glossary-of-aerospace-engineering-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-3.md
category: reference
title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:15.292303+00:00
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parent: glossary-of-aerospace-engineering-20260505-0
summary:
As a result, they were often distinguished from objects found in the main asteroid belt. Astrodynamics – Orbital mechanics or astrodynamics is the application of ballistics and celestial mechanics to the practical problems concerning the motion of rockets and other spacecraft. Atmospheric entry – is the movement of an object from outer space into and through the gases of an atmosphere of a planet, dwarf planet or natural satellite. There are two main types of atmospheric entry: uncontrolled entry, such as the entry of astronomical objects, space debris or bolides; and controlled entry (or reentry) of a spacecraft capable of being navigated or following a predetermined course. Technologies and procedures allowing the controlled atmospheric entry, descent and landing of spacecraft are collectively termed as EDL. Attitude control – is controlling the orientation of an object with respect to an inertial frame of reference or another entity like the celestial sphere, certain fields, and nearby objects, etc. Controlling vehicle attitude requires sensors to measure vehicle orientation, actuators to apply the torques needed to re-orient the vehicle to a desired attitude, and algorithms to command the actuators based on (1) sensor measurements of the current attitude and (2) specification of a desired


id: glossary-of-aerospace-engineering-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-4.md
category: reference
title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:15.292303+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: glossary-of-aerospace-engineering-20260505-0
summary:
== B == Balloon – In aeronautics, a balloon is an unpowered aerostat, which remains aloft or floats due to its buoyancy. A balloon may be free, moving with the wind, or tethered to a fixed point. It is distinct from an airship, which is a powered aerostat that can propel itself through the air in a controlled manner. Ballute – (a portmanteau of balloon and parachute) is a parachute-like braking device optimized for use at high altitudes and supersonic velocities. Invented by Goodyear in 1958, the original ballute was a cone-shaped balloon with a toroidal burble fence fitted around its widest point. A burble fence is an inflated structure intended to ensure flow separation. This stabilizes the ballute as it decelerates through different flow regimes (from supersonic to subsonic). Beam-powered propulsion – also known as directed energy propulsion, is a class of aircraft or spacecraft propulsion that uses energy beamed to the spacecraft from a remote power plant to provide energy. The beam is typically either a microwave or a laser beam and it is either pulsed or continuous. A continuous beam lends itself to thermal rockets, photonic thrusters and light sails, whereas a pulsed beam lends itself to


id: glossary-of-aerospace-engineering-20260505-5
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-5.md
category: reference
title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:15.292303+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: glossary-of-aerospace-engineering-20260505-0
summary:
== C == Cabin pressurization – is a process in which conditioned air is pumped into the cabin of an aircraft or spacecraft, in order to create a safe and comfortable environment for passengers and crew flying at high altitudes. For aircraft, this air is usually bled off from the gas turbine engines at the compressor stage, and for spacecraft, it is carried in high-pressure, often cryogenic tanks. The air is cooled, humidified, and mixed with recirculated air if necessary, before it is distributed to the cabin by one or more environmental control systems. The cabin pressure is regulated by the outflow valve. Cable lacing – is a method for tying wiring harnesses and cable looms, traditionally used in telecommunication, naval, and aerospace applications. This old cable management technique, taught to generations of linemen, is still used in some modern applications since it does not create obstructions along the length of the cable, avoiding the handling problems of cables groomed by plastic or hook-and-loop cable ties. Camber – the asymmetric curves on the top and bottom, or front and back, of an aerofoil Canard – is an aeronautical arrangement wherein a small forewing or foreplane is placed forward of the


id: glossary-of-aerospace-engineering-20260505-6
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-6.md
category: reference
title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:15.292303+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: glossary-of-aerospace-engineering-20260505-0
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β = − 1 V ∂ V ∂ p {\displaystyle \beta =-{\frac {1}{V}}{\frac {\partial V}{\partial p}}} , where V is volume and p is pressure. The choice to define compressibility as the opposite of the fraction makes compressibility positive in the (usual) case that an increase in pressure induces a reduction in volume. t is also known as reciprocal of bulk modulus(k) of elasticity of a fluid. Compression – In mechanics, compression is the application of balanced inward ("pushing") forces to different points on a material or structure, that is, forces with no net sum or torque directed so as to reduce its size in one or more directions. It is contrasted with tension or traction, the application of balanced outward ("pulling") forces; and with shearing forces, directed so as to displace layers of the material parallel to each other. The compressive strength of materials and structures is an important engineering consideration. Compressor map – is a diagram showing significant performance parameters for a rotating compressor, and how they vary with changing ambient conditions of pressure and temperature. Computational fluid dynamics – (CFD), is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical analysis and data structures to analyze and solve


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file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-7.md
category: reference
title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
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== D == Damage tolerance – is a property of a structure relating to its ability to sustain defects safely until repair can be effected. The approach to engineering design to account for damage tolerance is based on the assumption that flaws can exist in any structure and such flaws propagate with usage. Decalage – Decalage on a fixed-wing aircraft is the angle difference between the upper and lower wings of a biplane, i.e. the acute angle contained between the chords of the wings in question. Decalage is said to be positive when the upper wing has a higher angle of incidence than the lower wing, and negative when the lower wing's incidence is greater than that of the upper wing. Positive decalage results in greater lift from the upper wing than the lower wing, the difference increasing with the amount of decalage. De Laval nozzle – (or convergent-divergent nozzle, CD nozzle or con-di nozzle), is a tube that is pinched in the middle, making a carefully balanced, asymmetric hourglass shape. It is used to accelerate a hot, pressurized gas passing through it to a higher supersonic speed in the axial (thrust) direction, by converting the heat energy of the


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file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-8.md
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title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
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The drag coefficient is always associated with a particular surface area. Drag equation – In fluid dynamics, the drag equation is a formula used to calculate the force of drag experienced by an object due to movement through a fully enclosing fluid. The equation is:


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file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-9.md
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title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
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F D = 1 2 ρ u 2 C D A {\displaystyle F_{D}\,=\,{\tfrac {1}{2}}\,\rho \,u^{2}\,C_{D}\,A} F D {\displaystyle F_{D}} is the drag force, which is by definition the force component in the direction of the flow velocity, ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is the mass density of the fluid, u {\displaystyle u} is the flow velocity relative to the object, A {\displaystyle A} is the reference area, and C D {\displaystyle C_{D}} is the drag coefficient – a dimensionless coefficient related to the object's geometry and taking into account both skin friction and form drag. In general, C D {\displaystyle C_{D}} depends on the Reynolds number. Drop test – is a method of testing the in-flight characteristics of prototype or experimental aircraft and spacecraft by raising the test vehicle to a specific altitude and then releasing it. Test flights involving powered aircraft, particularly rocket-powered aircraft, may be referred to as drop launches due to the launch of the aircraft's rockets after release from its carrier aircraft. Dual mode propulsion rocket – Dual mode propulsion systems combine the high efficiency of bipropellant rockets with the reliability and simplicity of monopropellant rockets. It is based upon the use of two rocket fuels, liquid


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file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-10.md
category: reference
title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
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Where | ∇ u | 2 = ∑ i , j = 1 n | ∂ i u j | 2 {\displaystyle |\nabla \mathbf {u} |^{2}=\sum _{i,j=1}^{n}\left|\partial _{i}u^{j}\right|^{2}} . This is quantity is the same as the squared seminorm | u | H 1 ( Ω ) n 2 {\displaystyle |\mathbf {u} |_{H^{1}(\Omega )^{n}}^{2}} of the solution in the Sobolev space :::: H 1 ( Ω ) n {\displaystyle H^{1}(\Omega )^{n}} . In the case that the flow is incompressible, or equivalently that ∇ ⋅ u = 0 {\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {u} =0} , the enstrophy can be described as the integral of the square of the vorticity ω {\displaystyle \mathbf {\omega } } , E ( ω ) ≡ ∫ Ω | ω | 2 d x {\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}({\boldsymbol {\omega }})\equiv \int _{\Omega }|{\boldsymbol {\omega }}|^{2}\,dx} or, in terms of the flow velocity, E ( u ) ≡ ∫ S | ∇ × u | 2 d S . {\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}(\mathbf {u} )\equiv \int _{S}|\nabla \times \mathbf {u} |^{2}\,dS\,.} In the context of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, enstrophy appears in the following useful result d d t ( 1 2 ∫ Ω | u | 2


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file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-11.md
category: reference
title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
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== F == Fatigue – In materials science, fatigue is the weakening of a material caused by repeatedly applied loads. It is the progressive and localized structural damage that occurs when a material is subjected to cyclic loading. The nominal maximum stress values that cause such damage may be much less than the strength of the material typically quoted as the ultimate tensile stress limit, or the yield stress limit. Field-emission electric propulsion – (FEEP), is an advanced electrostatic space propulsion concept, a form of ion thruster, that uses a liquid metal as a propellant – usually either caesium, indium, or mercury. Fixed-wing aircraft – is a heavier-than-air flying machine, such as an airplane, which is capable of flight using wings that generate lift caused by the aircraft's forward airspeed and the shape of the wings. Fixed-wing aircraft are distinct from rotary-wing aircraft (in which the wings form a rotor mounted on a spinning shaft or "mast"), and ornithopters (in which the wings flap in a manner similar to that of a bird). The wings of a fixed-wing aircraft are not necessarily rigid; kites, hang gliders, variable-sweep wing aircraft and airplanes that use wing morphing are all examples of fixed-wing


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file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-12.md
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title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
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Fluid mechanics – is the branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them. It has applications in a wide range of disciplines, including mechanical, civil, chemical and biomedical engineering, geophysics, oceanography, meteorology, astrophysics, and biology. It can be divided into fluid statics, the study of fluids at rest; and fluid dynamics, the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion. Fluid statics – or hydrostatics, is the branch of fluid mechanics that studies the condition of the equilibrium of a floating body and submerged body "fluids at hydrostatic equilibrium and the pressure in a fluid, or exerted by a fluid, on an immersed body". FMS – Flight management system. Force – In physics, a force is any influence that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (which includes to begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate. Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity. It is measured in the SI unit of newton (N). Force is


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file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-13.md
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title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
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== G == Galaxy – is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter. The word is derived from the Greek galaxias (γαλαξίας), literally "milky", a reference to the Milky Way. Galaxies range in size from dwarfs with just a few hundred million (108) stars to giants with one hundred trillion (1014) stars, each orbiting its galaxy's center of mass. Galaxies are categorized according to their visual morphology as elliptical, spiral, or irregular. Gas-generator cycle (rocket) – is a power cycle of a pumped liquid bipropellant rocket engine. Part of the unburned propellant is burned in a gas generator (or preburner) and the resulting hot gas is used to power the propellant pumps before being exhausted overboard, and lost. Because of this loss, this type of engine is termed open cycle. Geostationary orbit – also referred to as a geosynchronous equatorial orbit (GEO), is a circular geosynchronous orbit 35,786 kilometres (22,236 miles) in altitude above Earth's equator (42,164 kilometers in radius from Earth's center) and following the direction of Earth's rotation. An object in such an orbit has an orbital period equal to the Earth's rotational period, one sidereal day, and so to ground


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file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-15.md
category: reference
title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
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== H == Hall effect thruster – In spacecraft propulsion, a Hall-effect thruster (HET) is a type of ion thruster in which the propellant is accelerated by an electric field. Hall-effect thrusters (based on the discovery by Edwin Hall) are sometimes referred to as Hall thrusters or Hall-current thrusters. Hall-effect thrusters use a magnetic field to limit the electrons' axial motion and then use them to ionize propellant, efficiently accelerate the ions to produce thrust, and neutralize the ions in the plume. The Hall-effect thruster is classed as a moderate specific impulse (1,600 s) space propulsion technology and has benefited from considerable theoretical and experimental research since the 1960s. Heat shield – A heat shield is designed to protect an object from overheating by dissipating, reflecting, absorbing heat, or simply gradually burn and fall away from the aircraft, pulling the excess heat with it. The term is most often used in reference to exhaust heat management and to systems for dissipation of heat due to friction. Helicopter – is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by horizontally-spinning rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forward, backward


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file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-16.md
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title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
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== I == Impulse – Specific impulse (usually abbreviated Isp) is a measure of how efficiently a rocket uses propellant or a jet engine uses fuel. For engines whose reaction mass is only the fuel they carry, specific impulse is exactly proportional to exhaust gas velocity. Indicated airspeed – (IAS), is the airspeed read directly from the airspeed indicator (ASI) on an aircraft, driven by the pitot-static system. It uses the difference between total pressure and static pressure, provided by the system, to either mechanically or electronically measure dynamic pressure. The dynamic pressure includes terms for both density and airspeed. Since the airspeed indicator cannot know the density, it is by design calibrated to assume the sea level standard atmospheric density when calculating airspeed. Since the actual density will vary considerably from this assumed value as the aircraft changes altitude, IAS varies considerably from true airspeed (TAS), the relative velocity between the aircraft and the surrounding air mass. Calibrated airspeed (CAS) is the IAS corrected for instrument and position error. An aircraft's indicated airspeed in knots is typically abbreviated KIAS for "Knots-Indicated Air Speed" (vs. KCAS for calibrated airspeed and KTAS for true airspeed). Instrument landing system – In aviation,


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file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-17.md
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title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
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== K == Keel effect – In aeronautics, the keel effect (also known as the pendulum effect or pendulum stability) is the result of the sideforce-generating surfaces being above (or below) the center of mass (which coincides with the center of gravity) in an aircraft. Along with dihedral, sweepback, and weight distribution, keel effect is one of the four main design considerations in aircraft lateral stability. Kepler's laws of planetary motion – In astronomy, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, published by Johannes Kepler between 1609 and 1619, describe the orbits of planets around the Sun. The laws modified the heliocentric theory of Nicolaus Copernicus, replacing its circular orbits and epicycles with elliptical trajectories, and explaining how planetary velocities vary. The three laws state that: The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci. A line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time. The square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of the length of the semi-major axis of its orbit. The elliptical orbits of planets were indicated by calculations of the orbit of Mars. From this, Kepler inferred that


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file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-18.md
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title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
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== L == Lander – spacecraft designed to soft-land intact or almost undamaged on the surface of a celestial body and eventually take-off from it Landing – is the last part of a flight, where an aircraft, or spacecraft returns to the ground. When the flying object returns to water, the process is called alighting, although it is commonly called "landing", "touchdown"a or "splashdown" as well. A normal aircraft flight would include several parts of flight including taxi, takeoff, climb, cruise, descent and landing. Landing gear – is the undercarriage of an aircraft or spacecraft and may be used for either takeoff or landing. For aircraft it is generally needed for both. Also, for aircraft, the landing gear supports the craft when it is not flying, allowing it to take off, land, and taxi without damage. Wheeled landing gear is the most common, with skis or floats needed to operate from snow/ice/water and skids for vertical operation on land. Faster aircraft have retractable undercarriages, which fold away during flight to reduce drag. Lagrangian mechanics – Introduced by the Italian-French mathematician and astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange in 1788, Lagrangian mechanics is a formulation of classical mechanics and is founded on the stationary


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title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
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The function δ ( t ) {\displaystyle \delta (t)} on the right-hand side is called perturbation or virtual displacement. The directional derivative δ S {\displaystyle \delta {\cal {S}}} on the left is known as variation in physics and Gateaux derivative in mathematics. Lagrangian mechanics has been extended to allow for non-conservative forces. Lagrangian point – In celestial mechanics, the Lagrange points (also Lagrangian points, L-points, or libration points) are points near two large orbiting bodies. Normally, the two objects exert an unbalanced gravitational force at a point, altering the orbit of whatever is at that point. At the Lagrange points, the gravitational forces of the two large bodies and the centrifugal force balance each other. This can make Lagrange points an excellent location for satellites, as few orbit corrections are needed to maintain the desired orbit. Small objects placed in orbit at Lagrange points are in equilibrium in at least two directions relative to the center of mass of the large bodies. Laser broom – is a proposed ground-based laser beam-powered propulsion system whose purpose is to sweep space debris out of the path of other artificial satellites such as the International Space Station. It would heat one side of


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file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-20.md
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title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
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Lunar space elevator – or lunar spacelift, is a proposed transportation system for moving a mechanical climbing vehicle up and down a ribbon-shaped tethered cable that is set between the surface of the Moon "at the bottom" and a docking port suspended tens of thousands of kilometers above in space at the top.


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file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-21.md
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title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
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== M == Mach number – In fluid dynamics, the Mach number is a dimensionless quantity representing the ratio of flow velocity past a boundary to the local speed of sound. Magnetic sail – or magsail, is a proposed method of spacecraft propulsion which would use a static magnetic field to deflect charged particles radiated by the Sun as a plasma wind, and thus impart momentum to accelerate the spacecraft. A magnetic sail could also thrust directly against planetary and solar magnetospheres. Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster – A magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thruster (MPDT) is a form of electrically powered spacecraft propulsion which uses the Lorentz force (the force on a charged particle by an electromagnetic field) to generate thrust. It is sometimes referred to as Lorentz Force Accelerator (LFA) or (mostly in Japan) MPD arcjet. Mass – is both a property of a physical body and a measure of its resistance to acceleration (rate of change of velocity with respect to time) when a net force is applied. An object's mass also determines the strength of its gravitational attraction to other bodies. The SI base unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). In physics, mass is not the same as weight, even though


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file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-22.md
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title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
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== N == NACA – United States National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, replaced by NASA in 1958. NASA – United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Navier–Stokes equations – In physics, the Navier–Stokes equations() are certain partial differential equations which describe the motion of viscous fluid substances, named after French engineer and physicist Claude-Louis Navier and Anglo-Irish physicist and mathematician George Gabriel Stokes. They were developed over several decades of progressively building the theories, from 1822 (Navier) to 1842–1850 (Stokes). The Navier–Stokes equations mathematically express conservation of momentum and conservation of mass for Newtonian fluids. They are sometimes accompanied by an equation of state relating pressure, temperature and density. They arise from applying Isaac Newton's second law to fluid motion, together with the assumption that the stress in the fluid is the sum of a diffusing viscous term (proportional to the gradient of velocity) and a pressure term—hence describing viscous flow. The difference between them and the closely related Euler equations is that Navier–Stokes equations take viscosity into account while the Euler equations model only inviscid flow. As a result, the Navier–Stokes are a parabolic equation and therefore have better analytic properties, at the expense of having less mathematical structure


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file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-23.md
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title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
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== O == Orbit – In physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved trajectory of an object, such as the trajectory of a planet around a star or a natural satellite around a planet. Normally, orbit refers to a regularly repeating trajectory, although it may also refer to a non-repeating trajectory. To a close approximation, planets and satellites follow elliptic orbits, with the center of mass being orbited at a focal point of the ellipse, as described by Kepler's laws of planetary motion. For most situations, orbital motion is adequately approximated by Newtonian mechanics, which explains gravity as a force obeying an inverse-square law. However, Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, which accounts for gravity as due to curvature of spacetime, with orbits following geodesics, provides a more accurate calculation and understanding of the exact mechanics of orbital motion. Orbit phasing – In astrodynamics, orbit phasing is the adjustment of the time-position of spacecraft along its orbit, usually described as adjusting the orbiting spacecraft's true anomaly. Orbital phasing is primarily used in scenarios where a spacecraft in a given orbit must be moved to a different location within the same orbit. The change in position within the orbit is usually


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file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-24.md
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title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
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== P == Parallel axis theorem – also known as Huygens–Steiner theorem, or just as Steiner's theorem, named after Christiaan Huygens and Jakob Steiner, can be used to determine the moment of inertia or the second moment of area of a rigid body about any axis, given the body's moment of inertia about a parallel axis through the object's center of gravity and the perpendicular distance between the axes. Parasitic drag – also known as profile drag, is a type of aerodynamic drag that acts on any object when the object is moving through a fluid. Parasitic drag is a combination of form drag and skin friction drag. It affects all objects regardless of whether they are capable of generating lift. Total drag on an aircraft is made up of parasitic drag and lift-induced drag. Parasitic drag is so named because it is not useful, whereas lift-induced drag is the result of an airfoil generating lift. Parasitic drag comprises all types of drag except lift-induced drag. Perpendicular axes theorem – states that the moment of inertia of a planar lamina (i.e. 2-D body) about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina is equal to the sum of the


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file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-25.md
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title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
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== S == SABRE – Satellite – Saturn (rocket family) – Scalar (physics) – A quantity with magnitude but no direction. Schlieren – Schlieren photography – Scramjet – Second moment of area – Shock wave – SI – Single point of failure – Single-stage-to-orbit – spacecraft able to fly from a celestial body (usually the Earth or the Moon)'s surface to its orbit without using external boosters Skyhook (structure) – Slew – Stream function – Streamline – Solar panel – Solar sail – Solar thermal rocket – Solid of revolution – Solid rocket – Sound barrier – Space activity suit – Space elevator – Space fountain – Space Shuttle – crewed NASA spacecraft used between 1981 and 2011, consisting of a reusable spaceplane (the Space Shuttle orbiter, capable of airplane-like landing) attached to an expendable external tank (which disintegrated during re-entry) and two recoverable solid rocket boosters (which re-entered the Earth's atmosphere and splash-landed) Space Shuttle external tank – external tank attached to the orbiter and the solid rocket boosters in the NASA Space Shuttle program Space Shuttle main engine – Space Shuttle orbiter – reusable NASA VTHL spaceplane used during the Space Shuttle program (1981–2011) Space station – habitable


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file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering-26.md
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title: Glossary of aerospace engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
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== V == V-2 rocket – The V-2 (German: Vergeltungswaffe 2, "Retribution Weapon 2"), with the technical name Aggregat 4 (A4), was the world's first long-range guided ballistic missile. The missile, powered by a liquid-propellant rocket engine, was developed during the Second World War in Germany as a "vengeance weapon" and assigned to attack Allied cities as retaliation for the Allied bombings against German cities. The V-2 rocket also became the first artificial object to travel into space by crossing the Kármán line with the vertical launch of MW 18014 on 20 June 1944. Variable specific impulse magnetoplasma rocket – (VASIMR), is an electrothermal thruster under development for possible use in spacecraft propulsion. It uses radio waves to ionize and heat an inert propellant, forming a plasma, then a magnetic field to confine and accelerate the expanding plasma, generating thrust. It is a plasma propulsion engine, one of several types of spacecraft electric propulsion systems. Velocity – The velocity of an object is the rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of reference, and is a function of time. Velocity is equivalent to a specification of an object's speed and direction of motion (e.g. 60 km/h


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file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_agriculture-0.md
category: reference
title: Glossary of agriculture
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_agriculture
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This glossary of agriculture is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in agriculture, its sub-disciplines, and related fields, including horticulture, animal husbandry, agribusiness, and agricultural policy. For other glossaries relevant to agricultural science, see Glossary of biology, Glossary of ecology, Glossary of environmental science, and Glossary of botanical terms. == A == abattoir See slaughterhouse. aboiteau Plural aboiteaux. A sluice or conduit built beneath a coastal dike, with a hinged gate or a one-way valve that closes during high tide but remains open during low tide, preventing salt water from flowing into the sluice and flooding the land behind the dike while allowing fresh water precipitation and irrigation runoff to drain from the land into the sea. The term may also refer to a method of land reclamation which relies on these gated sluices to convert tidal flats and coastal marshes into land suitable for agriculture. Aboiteau systems are usually installed several seasons prior to planting to allow time for natural flows of fresh water to drain through the soil and reduce its salinity. This method is practiced in areas with extremely high tidal amplitudes, particularly Atlantic Canada, where large tracts of coastal land would otherwise be


id: glossary-of-agriculture-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_agriculture-1.md
category: reference
title: Glossary of agriculture
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_agriculture
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:17.200809+00:00
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parent: glossary-of-agriculture-20260505-0
summary:
agricultural fencing Any fence or barrier used to keep domestic or wild animals (or humans) inside or outside of an agricultural area. Fencing materials and designs vary widely depending on terrain and the kinds of animals they are intended to deter, though wooden logs, barbed wire, and electrified fences are common. They must often be continuous for long distances to surround farms or pastures. In many places, ranchers are required by law to build fences to enclose their grazing livestock within designated rangeland; in others, livestock are allowed to roam freely, and responsibility for fencing belongs to those who wish to prevent animals from accessing their land. agricultural land Any land devoted solely to agriculture, i.e., the deliberate and systematic reproduction of living organisms to produce commodities that humans can use. In the broadest sense, agricultural land may also include certain types used only partially or seasonally for agricultural purposes, such as pastures and wild forests. Colloquially, the term is often used interchangeably with farmland, cropland, and arable land, though these terms may also be considered technically distinct. agricultural machinery The mechanical or electrical tools, devices, and structures used in farming or any other type of agriculture. The broadest definition


id: glossary-of-agriculture-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_agriculture-2.md
category: reference
title: Glossary of agriculture
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_agriculture
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:17.200809+00:00
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parent: glossary-of-agriculture-20260505-0
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animal-free agriculture Also veganic farming. Any agricultural practice or farming method that does not make use of animals or animal products, such as farmed animal manures. Animal-free agriculture may use organic or non-organic techniques. apiculture Also beekeeping. The maintenance of colonies of bees, commonly in human-made beehives, by humans for any of a variety of purposes, including collecting honey or other products created by bees, pollinating crops, and breeding bees for sale. A location where bees are kept is called an apiary and a person who practices apiculture is called an apiarist or beekeeper. aquaculture Also aquafarming. The cultivation of aquatic organisms in either freshwater or saltwater habitats, including fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, and others, with the goal of producing any of a variety of products that can be used by humans. Branches of aquaculture include pisciculture, algaculture, and mariculture. aquaponics A variant of hydroponic agriculture that recycles nutrient-rich waters sourced from an aquaculture operation and uses them to feed hydroponically grown plants. arable land Any land which is capable of producing viable agricultural crops in its present state, and which does not require substantial clearing or other improvements apart from routine tillage operations. This may include both natural,


id: glossary-of-agriculture-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_agriculture-3.md
category: reference
title: Glossary of agriculture
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_agriculture
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:17.200809+00:00
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parent: glossary-of-agriculture-20260505-0
summary:
bin burn The discoloration and deterioration of harvested grain due to heat during long-term storage in bins. biochar A fine-grained, porous charcoal produced from organic matter via pyrolysis (i.e. in low-temperature, anoxic conditions) rather than standard combustion. It is often used as a soil amendment to increase soil fertility and sequester carbon. biodynamic agriculture A type of alternative agriculture which incorporates holistic ecological approaches and aspects of organic and integrated farming but also emphasizes various esoteric perspectives, including spiritual and mystical beliefs about nature. The efficacy of biodynamic agricultural techniques lacks scientific evidence, and the practice has been labeled a pseudoscience. bioeffector Any viable microorganism or naturally occurring chemical compound which directly or indirectly affects plant growth, development, production, and/or yield quality (e.g. organic fertilizers and biofertilizers) and thus has the potential to reduce or replace use of conventional chemical fertilizers or pesticides. biofertilizer A substance containing living microorganisms such as bacteria and algae which, when applied to seeds, plant parts, or soil, colonize plant tissues or the rhizosphere surrounding the roots and promote the growth and health of the host plant by increasing the supply or bioavailability of useful nutrients. Biofertilizers serve the same purpose as conventional fertilizers, though


id: glossary-of-agriculture-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_agriculture-4.md
category: reference
title: Glossary of agriculture
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_agriculture
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:17.200809+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: glossary-of-agriculture-20260505-0
summary:
branding A technique for marking and identifying livestock in which a permanent scar, known as a brand, is made in the animal's hide, traditionally by applying an extremely hot or cold branding iron which has been shaped or placed in such a way as to create a unique, specific symbol or series of numbers, usually for the purpose of indicating ownership. Branding may be used in conjunction with other forms of animal identification, including earmarking, ear tagging, and radio-frequency identification (RFID). branding iron A handheld metal tool with one end shaped into a letter, number, or other symbol, intended as a unique identifier, which is heated, chilled, or electrified and then pressed against the skin of an animal in a process known as branding. brash 1. The decaying residues of a previous crop, along with any weeds that may be present on or near the soil surface, in an area that has not been ploughed. This debris may impede subsequent cultivation unless it is removed or buried. 2. In forestry, the small branches and foliage removed when trees are felled. Where trees such as hazel are coppiced, brash is often placed over the stool to deter animals from browsing the


id: glossary-of-agriculture-20260505-5
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_agriculture-5.md
category: reference
title: Glossary of agriculture
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_agriculture
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:50:17.200809+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: glossary-of-agriculture-20260505-0
summary:
candling In the poultry egg industry, the process of examining eggs for quality and defects by holding them in front of a bright light source, illuminating the internal contents of the egg through the translucent shell without having to break it open. cane mill A mill at which sugarcane is ground into raw sugar. capon A male chicken which has been castrated or neutered before reaching maturity, allowing it to grow faster and obtain a larger adult size. care farming The practice of farming (or of agricultural activities in general) for the purpose of providing or promoting mental or physical health or well-being, especially as a form of therapy or to aid convalescence or for social or educational services. carryover The supply of a farm commodity that is not yet used at the end of a marketing season and subsequently stored and made available for sale in the next marketing season. An excessively large carryover may be considered a surplus, and may cause prices to fall. carton 1. A container used for fruit or other produce leaving a packinghouse. 2. A unit of mass or volume representing a standardized size of these containers, equal to 425 pounds (193 kilograms) or


