# kb

id: caucus-for-women-in-statistics-and-data-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucus_for_Women_in_Statistics_and_Data_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Caucus for Women in Statistics and Data Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucus_for_Women_in_Statistics_and_Data_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:02.634551+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: caucus-for-women-in-statistics-and-data-science-20260505-0
summary:
The Caucus for Women in Statistics and Data Science (CWS) is a professional society for women in statistics, data science and related fields. It was founded in 1971, following discussions in 1969 and 1970 at the annual meetings of the American Statistical Association, with Donna Brogan as its first president. The Governing Council is the main governing body of CWS. The Council consists of the President, President-Elect, Past President, Past Past President, Executive Director (ex-officio), Treasurer, Secretary, Membership Chair, Program Committee Chair, Communications Committee Chair, Professional Development Committee Chair, Chair of Liaisons with other organizations and the Chair of Country Representatives. The President-Elect, President, Past President, Secretary, Treasurer and Executive Director constitute the Executive Committee of the Governing Council. CWS governance is described in the Constitution and Bylaws. == Purpose == The purpose of the CWS is to assist in teaching, hiring, and advancing the careers of women in statistics, removing barriers to women in statistics, encourage the application of statistics to women's issues, and improve the representation of women in professional organizations for statisticians. CWS envisions a world where women in the profession of statistics have equal opportunity and access to influence policies and decisions in workplaces, governments, and


id: center-for-women-in-technology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Women_in_Technology-0.md
category: reference
title: Center for Women in Technology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Women_in_Technology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:03.806571+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: center-for-women-in-technology-20260505-0
summary:
The Center for Women In Technology (CWIT) was established at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County in July 1998. The center's original name was the "Center for Women and Information Technology", and it was founded to encourage women both as developers of information technology and as users of IT. The original CWIT site included a large number of resources and links and served as a clearinghouse about women and information technology. This work included focusing on K-12 education as well as supporting university students, and workforce advancement and retention. The center has included engineering majors since 2006, and in 2011 its name was changed to the Center for Women In Technology. == Scholarship programs == The Center for Women in Technology Scholars Program is a merit scholarship opportunity for talented undergraduates majoring in computer science, computer engineering, information systems or a related program. It is open to high school seniors planning to major in one of these areas of study. Scholars in the program receive mentoring from university faculty and IT professionals as well as participate in specially designed activities and events. CWIT and the UMBC Center for Cybersecurity jointly run the UMBC Cyber Scholars Program with the goal of


id: django-girls-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django_Girls-0.md
category: reference
title: Django Girls
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django_Girls
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:05.126526+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: django-girls-20260505-0
summary:
Django Girls is an international non-profit organization started by two Polish women, Ola Sitarska and Ola Sendecka, to inspire women from all backgrounds to get interested in technology and to become programmers, offering a safe and friendly environment. It is known for the free workshops it hosts to help women to learn to program and for its Django tutorial. It is often supported by the Python Software Foundation, and they often hold sessions at the Python Conference. == History == The first Django Girls workshop, which kicked off Django Girls, happened during EuroPython 2014, in Berlin. Ola Sitarska and Ola Sendecka decided to use Django and Python because both are open source code platforms, which may help women developing their own ideas. Since then, the initiative has spread worldwide, reaching countries like Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Ghana, Nigeria, United Kingdom, Peru, United States, Zimbabwe and many others. == Tutorial == The tutorial, which teaches how to create and deploy a blog application using Django, is maintained and updated by the Django Girls community, using Github. As of May 2018, the Django Girls tutorial has been published online in 14 languages besides its original English version. As of May


id: equate-scotland-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equate_Scotland-0.md
category: reference
title: Equate Scotland
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equate_Scotland
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:06.324423+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: equate-scotland-20260505-0
summary:
Equate Scotland is a Scottish government-funded national organisation with the strategic objectives of tackling underrepresentation of women and gender inequality in science, technology, engineering, environment (natural and built) and mathematics (STEM). Founded in 2006 as the Scottish Resource Centre for Women in Science, Engineering and Technology; it rebranded in 2014 to Equate Scotland. The programme is hosted by Edinburgh Napier University with the objective of increasing participation and advancement of women in STEM through training, advocacy, partnerships with employers and higher education institutions, active research and building peer to peer networks. == History == === Origins (2004–2005) === Equate Scotland has its origins in the UK Resource Centre for Women in Science, Engineering and Technology (UKRC), which was launched in 2004 as one of the key recommendations of the UK Government's 2003 Strategy for Women in SET, following the 2002 SET Fair Report. Funded by the newly created Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS), the UKRC was established as the Government’s lead organisation for providing advice, services, and policy consultation on the under-representation of women in science, engineering, and technology. In 2005, the Scottish Resource Centre was established to deliver the UKRC’s mission in Scotland through a partnership between


id: european-platform-of-women-scientists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Platform_of_Women_Scientists-0.md
category: reference
title: European Platform of Women Scientists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Platform_of_Women_Scientists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:07.542866+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-platform-of-women-scientists-20260505-0
summary:
The European Platform of Women Scientists EPWS is an umbrella organisation bringing together networks of women scientists and organisations committed to gender equality in research in all disciplines in Europe 27 and the countries associated to the European Union's Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development. The Platform welcomes researchers working in any discipline and working in science in its widest sense, ranging from natural to social sciences, including, but not restricted to, science, engineering and technology. EPWS currently counts more than 100 member organisations, together working for more than 12.000 women researchers all over Europe active in academia and in industrial research. == Purpose == Legally established as an international non-profit organisation under Belgian law (AISBL) in November 2005 and governed by an international, multidisciplinary Board of Administration of 11 high ranking women scientists, EPWS constitutes a new strategic instrument in European research policy, complementing various initiatives taken at the European level to ensure a better participation of women scientists in research and in the research policy process as well as the inclusion of the gender dimension in research. == Goals == The platform's main goals are to: Network existing networks of women scientists and networks engaged in promoting


id: european-women-in-mathematics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Women_in_Mathematics-0.md
category: reference
title: European Women in Mathematics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Women_in_Mathematics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:08.772659+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-women-in-mathematics-20260505-0
summary:
European Women in Mathematics (EWM) is an international association of women working in the field of mathematics in Europe. The association participates in political and strategic work to promote the role of women in mathematics and offers its members direct support. Its goals include encouraging women to study mathematics and providing visibility to women mathematicians. It is the "first and best known" of several organizations devoted to women in mathematics in Europe. == Mission == European Women in Mathematics aims to encourage women to study mathematics, support women in their careers, provide a meeting place for like-minded people and highlight and make women mathematicians visible. In this way, and by promoting scientific communication and working with groups and organisations with similar goals, they spread their vision of mathematics and science. === Mentorship === EWM has a mentoring programme which can be joined at any time of the year. EWM brings together a younger and a more experienced member to share different experiences and perspectives for motivation and inspiration. === Grants === EWM awards travel grants for female mathematicians every year. The travel grants are awarded to EWM members who are at an early stage of their career or work in


id: femmes-et-math-matiques-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femmes_et_Mathématiques-0.md
category: reference
title: Femmes et Mathématiques
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femmes_et_Mathématiques
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:09.954131+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: femmes-et-math-matiques-20260505-0
summary:
L'association femmes et mathématiques (English: Association of Women and Mathematics) is a voluntary association promoting women in scientific studies, research, and mathematics created in 1987. This organization currently has about 200 members, including university professors of math, math teachers, sociologists, philosophers and historians that are interested in the "woman question" in scientific domains. The Association's primary objectives include encouraging and promoting women in STEM fields, assisting in communication between mathematicians, and promoting equality between genders. It specifically organizes a forum of young women mathematicians, as well as conferences on different topics related to its objectives. They regularly hold a general assembly, either in Paris or outside of the city, based on various themes. The Association also publishes an academic journal. The association has its headquarters at the Maison des Mathématiciens at l'Institut Henri Poincaré in Paris. It participates in different initiatives with other scholarly and professional societies, in particular the Société Mathématique de France (Mathematical Society of France), la Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles (Society of Applied and Industrial Maths), l'Association des Professeurs de Mathématiques de l'enseignement public (Association of Math Professors and Public Teachers) and l'Union des Professeurs de Spéciales, as well as La Commission Française pour l'enseignement


id: geochicas-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geochicas-0.md
category: reference
title: Geochicas
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geochicas
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:11.092516+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: geochicas-20260505-0
summary:
Geochicas is a collective of feminists linked to OpenStreetMap, originally Spanish-speaking, who work for female empowerment and reducing the gender gap in the OpenStreetMap communities and communities associated with the world of free software and open data. Geochicas today has users on at least 3 continents. The thematic areas of Geochicas are: The fight against gender violence against women and girls Women's health care The visibility of feminist mobilizations The understanding of leadership mechanisms and their brakes in the collective dimension. == History == Geochicas was born in 2016, days before the annual OpenStreetMap State of the Map LatAm 2016 conference, in São Paulo, Brazil, with the aim of discussing in a panel that would be proposed as a permanent activity, the causes and implications of the low participation of women in the construction of the map. The conclusions of this panel and forum with the total number of attendees allowed us to build the initial agenda of Geochicas, and link the first members. The idea arose from three participants, Miriam González, Selene Yang and Céline Jacquin, who with this purpose participated in the organization of activities at SOTM in São Paulo. They organized a previous meeting between women attendees


id: girl-develop-it-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_Develop_It-0.md
category: reference
title: Girl Develop It
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_Develop_It
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:12.259346+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: girl-develop-it-20260505-0
summary:
Girl Develop It (GDI) is a nonprofit organization devoted to getting women the materials they need to pursue careers in software development. Founded in 2010 in New York City, GDI provides affordable programs for adult women interested in learning web and software development in a judgment-free environment. GDI's mission is to give women of any income level, nationality, education level, and upbringing an environment in which to learn the skills to build websites and learn code to build programs with hands-on classes. Although at one time active in both the United States and Canada, GDI currently maintains active community chapters exclusively in the United States. In 2018, responding to allegations of racism that had been leveled towards both staff and chapter leaders within the organization, the majority of active chapter leaders, volunteers, and organizers issued a letter to the board demanding a change in leadership and active transparency from the organization. == History == Girl Develop It was started in 2010 by Vanessa Hurst and Sara Chipps in New York City. GDI started with just one class that sold out in one day. In 2017, the organization reported chapters in 53 cities in 33 states and districts in the United


id: girl-geek-dinners-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_Geek_Dinners-0.md
category: reference
title: Girl Geek Dinners
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_Geek_Dinners
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:13.511029+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: girl-geek-dinners-20260505-0
summary:
Girl Geek Dinners is an informal organisation that promotes women in the information technology industry, with 64 established chapters in 23 countries. The organisation was founded in London, United Kingdom, by software engineer Sarah Lamb (née Blow), who felt women were under-represented at information technology events after attending a geek dinner in 2005. Chapters organise local events featuring both female and male speakers with mostly female attendees. Events are different from geek dinners in that men can only attend as invited guests of women, ensuring that women will never be outnumbered by men at events. A typical event is an informal dinner, followed by one or more presentations by featured speakers. == Chapters == Girl Geek Scotland (GGS) Girl Geek X, formerly known as Bay Area Girl Geek Dinners (San Francisco) (BAGGD) Girl Geek Dinners Sydney Reading Girl Geek Dinners (RGGD) Girl Geekdinners Berlin (ggdb) Manchester Girl Geeks (mgg) Girl Geek Dinners Milano (GGD MI) Girl Geek Dinners Nordest (GGDNE - Italy) Bath Girl Geek Dinners (UK) Bristol Girl Geek Dinners (UK) Girl Geek Dinners Oslo (Norway) Girl Geek Dinners Bergen (Norway) Girl Geek Dinners Kristiansand (Norway) Girl Geek Dinners (Boulder/Denver) Boston Girl Geek Dinners Zurich Girl Geek Dinners Girl


id: girl-geek-scotland-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_Geek_Scotland-0.md
category: reference
title: Girl Geek Scotland
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_Geek_Scotland
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:14.687384+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: girl-geek-scotland-20260505-0
summary:
Girl Geek Scotland (GGS) is a Scottish volunteer group that promotes women's engagement in the information technology industry. It was established in 2008 and is part of the Girl Geek Dinners network. GGS held its first Girl Geek Dinner in Dundee in February 2009, with a group being established in Edinburgh shortly after. GGS has received funding from the UKRC, Scottish Informatics and Computer Science Alliance, and WYLLN, among other groups. In late 2009, Girl Geek Scotland won funding from Informatic Ventures in Edinburgh, to develop three intensive residential workshops for 2010 on the subjects of 'Creativity into business', 'Developing a Funding Strategy' and 'Negotiation Strategies and Techniques'. The Workshops are for women in pre-start-up business; start-up businesses and existing businesses in the technology sector in Scotland. In 2010, the Speaker Series was launched in Dundee Contemporary Arts by Silicon Valley entrepreneur Shanna Tellerman, who at the time was the CEO of Wildpockets, a spin-out company from Carnegie Mellon University's Entertainment Technology Center. == References == == External links == www.girlgeekscotland.com Simpson, Morna (24 February 2016). "Why the IT Crowd needs more women". FutureScot. Retrieved 15 July 2024. Girl Geek Scotland aims to draw attention to this issue as a


id: glamsci-organization-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GlamSci_(organization)-0.md
category: reference
title: GlamSci (organization)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GlamSci_(organization)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:32.155383+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: glamsci-organization-20260505-0
summary:
GlamSci is a British non-profit which focuses on helping STEM education and training to be more relatable to the general public. == Activities == GlamSci provides educational support to promote STEM fields for disadvantaged groups and minorities around the UK and internationally. This is done by providing a variety of events and training for schools, colleges and community centres and youth groups, including workshops, motivational talks, mentoring, English and Maths skills training, work placements and CV, UCAS and careers advice. GlamSci also provides general interest events to encourage members of the public to get 'hands-on' with STEM; these events include festivals, STEM clubs, and themed days. == History == === Origin (2013–2016) === GlamSci originally started as a blog for the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) known as 'The Life and Times of a Chemistry Nerd', it documented the experiences of GlamSci Co-founder Amy King through College and University as a young disabled woman in STEM after being "repeatedly told "pure science isn't for girls". Members have attended "educational events for educators and educational leaders, such as WorldTeachIn, and Athena Swan and Bett events". GlamSci founding members worked for three years offering speakers for these types of educational events and


id: graduate-women-in-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduate_Women_in_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Graduate Women in Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduate_Women_in_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:33.367229+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: graduate-women-in-science-20260505-0
summary:
Graduate Women in Science (GWIS), formerly known as Sigma Delta Epsilon (ΣΔΕ), is an international professional organization for women in science. It was established as a scientific women's fraternity in 1921 at Cornell University, United States. It played an important role for women scientists for some fifty years when they were not allowed membership in most mainstream scientific organizations. GWIS is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization with over 1,000 active members and more than 30 active chapters. == History == Sigma Delta Epsilon was established at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York by Adele Lewis Grant on May 24, 1921. It was founded as a fraternity for women pursuing graduate degrees in the sciences. Its stated purpose was "to further interest in science, recognize women involved in science, and unite them through friendship". Initially, Sigma Delta Epsilon had 25 student members and eight honorary members, who were professional women who had achieved recognition in science. Its first officers were Adele Lewis Grant, president; Katherine Van Winkle, vice president; Josephine Overton Sonders, secretary; and Hazel Elizabeth Branch, treasurer. Sigma Delta Epsilon had a fraternity house where its members could live. In 1922, a similar local group for women at the University of


id: list-of-graduate-women-in-science-chapters-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Graduate_Women_in_Science_chapters-0.md
category: reference
title: List of Graduate Women in Science chapters
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Graduate_Women_in_Science_chapters
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:34.611332+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-graduate-women-in-science-chapters-20260505-0
summary:
Graduate Women in Science, formerly known as Sigma Delta Epsilon, is an international organization for women in science. It was established in 1921 at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, United States. In the following list, active chapters are indicated in bold and inactive chapters are in italics. == See also == List of Graduate Women in Science members == Notes == == References ==


id: kappa-epsilon-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_Epsilon-0.md
category: reference
title: Kappa Epsilon
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_Epsilon
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:35.760193+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: kappa-epsilon-20260505-0
summary:
Kappa Epsilon (ΚΕ) is an American professional pharmacy fraternity founded in Iowa in 1921. Today, KE has 43 collegiate chapters and ten alumni chapters. Over 20,000 women and men have been initiated into ΚΕ since its founding. == History == Kappa Epsilon was established on May 13, 1921, in the Hall of Pharmacy and Chemistry at the University of Iowa. Its founders were professor Zada M. Cooper and members of women's pharmacy clubs at the University of Iowa, the University of Minnesota, and the University of Nebraska. The fraternity was founded to unite female pharmacy students in an era when women were a minority in the profession. Its name was taken from the pharmacy club at the University of Minnesota, the oldest of the three clubs. In 1942, the fraternity published an official songbook that included original compositions such as the "Kappa Epsilon Pledging Song." The songbook was revised in the 1960s. To encourage women to become pharmacists, Kappa Epsilon published several books, including Women in Pharmacy in 1950, She Is a Pharmacist in 1958, and Pharmacy-Career for the Modern Girl in 1970. The fraternity was incorporated in January 1960 in Minnesota. Every two years, the fraternity holds a convention


id: laboratoria-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratoria-0.md
category: reference
title: Laboratoria
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratoria
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:36.947920+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: laboratoria-20260505-0
summary:
Laboratoria is an organization founded in 2014 in Lima, Peru, that trains women in technology skills. It operates 6-month, 100% remote bootcamps focused on web development, UX design, and technical and life skills. The program is aimed at women who have faced barriers to starting careers in technology. Following the bootcamp, Laboratoria provides employment support to help graduates secure jobs in the tech sector. The organization has a community of over 3,500 graduates who have been hired by more than 1,100 companies. In 2024 Laboratoria reported an average job placement rate of 79%. == History == Laboratoria was created to revert the disadvantages women face in accessing quality jobs in the growing digital economy. It began with a pilot training program for 15 women and rapidly expanded, with 3,500 graduates. Since its foundation in Lima, Peru, in 2014, Laboratoria has expanded to Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, México, Panamá, Paraguay and Uruguay. Today, due to it being a remote first company, it has been able to reach more countries in Latin America and beyond. Women from different cities and regions have been able to go through the bootcamp, thanks to the absence of geographic boundaries. It also has


id: ladies-of-code-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladies_of_Code-0.md
category: reference
title: Ladies of Code
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladies_of_Code
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:38.114822+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ladies-of-code-20260505-0
summary:
Ladies of Code is an international non-profit organization dedicated to supporting professional women software developers. The organization is best known for its meet-ups, conferences, hack nights, career development workshops, study groups, and speaker series featuring influential information technology industry experts. == History == Ladies Who Code was founded in April 2011 by Angie Maguire with support from Mint Digital. The first US event took place in New York on June 29 followed by the first European event in London on September 7. In 2013, Ladies Who Code hosted their first UK conference bringing together the European membership. In 2018, Ladies of Code will relaunch their UK conference after a three-year hiatus. In 2013, Ladies Who Code launched a series of scholarships focussed on providing free professional training and access to industry events. In 2015, Ladies Who Code became Ladies of Code. In 2018, on International Women's Day, Ladies Who Code launched a monthly interview series. Ladies of Code has active chapters in London, Manchester, Newcastle, Leeds, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool and Paris. == Initiatives == Speaker Series - Monthly talks from thought leaders. Hack Nights - A chance to build, collaborate and learn. Study groups - Free technical study groups. Career


id: linuxchix-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LinuxChix-0.md
category: reference
title: LinuxChix
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LinuxChix
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:39.259753+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: linuxchix-20260505-0
summary:
LinuxChix was a women-oriented Linux community project. It was formed to provide both technical and social support for women Linux users, although men were encouraged to contribute. Members of the community were referred to as "a Linux chick" (singular) and "LinuxChix" or "Linux Chix" (plural) regardless of gender. In 2025 due to decreasing interest the group ceased operations. == History == LinuxChix was founded in 1999 by Deb Richardson, who was a technical writer and web-master at an open source consulting firm. Her reason for founding LinuxChix was to create an alternative to the "locker room mentality" of some other Linux User Groups and forums. There are two core rules: "be polite and be helpful." LinuxChix started as an electronic mailing list called grrltalk. The growth of this mailing list led to the establishment of other mailing lists, beginning with techtalk for technical discussions and issues for discussion of women's political issues. LinuxChix received attention when ZDNet published an article on it, which was subsequently cross-posted on Slashdot. == Leadership and structure == Deb Richardson oversaw the activities of LinuxChix until 2001, when she handed over global coordination and hosting to Melbourne programmer and writer Jenn Vesperman. Jenn Vesperman led


id: medical-women-s-association-of-nigeria-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Women's_Association_of_Nigeria-0.md
category: reference
title: Medical Women's Association of Nigeria
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Women's_Association_of_Nigeria
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:40.421049+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: medical-women-s-association-of-nigeria-20260505-0
summary:
The Medical Women's Association of Nigeria (MWAN) is a Nigerian women's health organization that represents female doctors registered with the Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria (MDCN). The group's mission is to improve women's health in Nigeria through patient advocacy, including offering community health screening programs. MWAN is affiliated with the Nigerian Medical Association and Medical Women's International Association (MWIA), and operates in 34 of the country's 36 states. On 14 September 2019, Dr. Joyce Barber handed over to Dr. Mininim I. Oseji, who became the 22nd National President of the association. == History == MWAN's founder, Dr. S. Oludayisi Oduntan, participated at the 1974 International MWIA Congress in Rio de Janeiro, and returned to Nigeria inspired to create her own national organization for female medical professionals in the Niger Delta. On 4 June 1975, MWAN met for the first time at the University College Hospital in Ibadan. At the 1976 MWIA Congress in Tokyo, MWAN was formally enrolled with the international community. Three female doctors, Dr. Oludayisi Oduntan, Dr. Aderonke Manuwa-Olumide, and Dr. Modupe Onadeko, attended that particular Congress on behalf of what was then only a regional organisation. Dr. Irene Ighodaro served as the first president, and its


id: medical-women-s-international-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Women's_International_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: Medical Women's International Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Women's_International_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:41.556468+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: medical-women-s-international-association-20260505-0
summary:
The Medical Women's International Association is a non-governmental organization founded in 1919 with the purpose of representing female physicians worldwide. Esther Lovejoy was its first president. The Association grew from an international meeting of medical women attending a YWCA meeting in America and a group of medical women in Britain, notably Dr Jane Walker. Dr. Ida Kahn was one of the Chinese representatives at the International Conference of Women Physicians (1919). == Congress of Medical Women == In 1954, the International Association of Medical Women promoted the realization of the first Congress of Medical Women, its president Ada Chree Reid visited Madrid and Barcelona, in this city she was received by the gynecologist Marina Soliva Corominas and a group of Catalan female doctors. == Notable members == === Presidents === Dr Esther Pohl Lovejoy (USA, 1919-1924) Lady Florence Barrett (UK, 1924-1929) Dr Lasthénie Thuillier-Landry (1929-1934) Dr Alma Sundquist (1934-1937) Dr Louisa Martindale (UK, 1937-) Dr Charlotte Ruys (Netherlands, 1947-1950) Dr Ada Chree-Reid (USA, 1950-1954) Dr Jolanda Tosoni-Dalai (Italy, 1954-1958) Dr Marion Hilliard (president-elect, died before being able to take office) Dr Janet Aitken (UK, 1958-1962) Fe del Mundo (Philippines, 1962-1966) Lore Antoine (Austria, 1966-1968) Lorna Lloyd-Green (Australia, 1968-1970) Leone McGregor


id: national-association-of-university-women-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_University_Women-0.md
category: reference
title: National Association of University Women
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_University_Women
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:42.795819+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: national-association-of-university-women-20260505-0
summary:
The National Association of University Women (NAUW), founded in 1910, is a non-profit organization with a mission to "serve women, youth, and the disadvantaged in our communities and in developing countries by addressing educational issues, and strategically partnering with allied organizations." == History == The organization was founded in 1910 in Washington, D.C., with the original name of the College Alumnae Club. The organization's original founders were Mary Church Terrell, Nancy Fairfax Brown, Sara Winifred Brown, and Mary Cromwell. In 1923, the organization was expanded and renamed as the National Association of College Women (NACW). In 1974, the organization updated its charter and was renamed to the National Association of University Women (NAUW). The organization is composed of African American college and university women graduates and is affiliated with the National Council of Negro Women, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, United Negro College Fund, National Coalition for Literacy, and the American Council on Education. == Presidents == Below is a partial list of presidents of the organization since 1910. Mary Church Terrell – 1910–1912 (as the College Alumnae Club) Sara Winifred Brown – 1917–1919 Lucy D. Slowe – 1924–1929 (first president of the organization as NACW) Juanita


id: national-association-of-women-pharmacists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Women_Pharmacists-0.md
category: reference
title: National Association of Women Pharmacists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Women_Pharmacists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:43.999508+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: national-association-of-women-pharmacists-20260505-0
summary:
The National Association of Women Pharmacists was founded in London on 15 June 1905, following discussions between Margaret Elizabeth Buchanan and Isabella Skinner Clarke. Early meetings were held at Clarke's home. Membership was restricted to those who had passed the major or minor examination and 50 women joined immediately. By 1912 Buchanan claimed that practically all women practicing pharmacy were members. Buchanan served as its president at one point. Elsie Hooper (1879–1969) was the first secretary. She and other members joined the Women's Coronation Procession, a 40,000-strong march from Westminster to the Albert Hall, on 17 June 1911 in support of votes for women. In June 1911 the Chemist and Druggist carried photographs of women pharmacists in the march and reported "Miss Elsie Hooper, B.Sc., was in the Science Section, and several other women pharmacists did the two-and-a-half hours’ march." The association is supportive of, and collaborates with, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society, but is an independent organisation. The Annual General Meeting in 2019 decided to wind up the association at the end of 2019 but it will continue as a semi-autonomous network within the Pharmacists' Defence Association. == References == == External links == Official website


id: native-girls-code-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Girls_Code-0.md
category: reference
title: Native Girls Code
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Girls_Code
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:45.136925+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: native-girls-code-20260505-0
summary:
Native Girls Code (NGC) is a Seattle-based program that focuses on providing computer coding skills with grounding in traditional Indigenous knowledge for Native American girls aged 12 to 18 through workshops, coaching, teaching and role modeling. Native Girls Code is organized by the nonprofit organization Na'ah Illahee Fund (Mother Earth in the Chinook language), in partnership with the University of Washington Information School and the Washington NASA Space Consortium, as a way to support and perpetuate traditional knowledge, build leadership of women and encourage greater participation of Native American students in STEM fields. The program was designed to give Native girls from tribes throughout the United States a place to develop a strong foundation in Native culture, Native science, and build the skills needed to use modern computer technologies, resulting in the creation of websites, online games and virtual worlds. For example, NGC has organized workshops that combined traditional storytelling with robotics projects. == Awards and grants == In 2016 NGC was awarded a grant through the City of Seattle's Technology Matching Fund, aimed at increasing digital equity among underrepresented Seattle citizens. Google has been a major funder of the program and Facebook has donated laptops and filming equipment to


id: new-england-hospital-for-women-and-children-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_Hospital_for_Women_and_Children-0.md
category: reference
title: New England Hospital for Women and Children
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_Hospital_for_Women_and_Children
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:46.379539+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: new-england-hospital-for-women-and-children-20260505-0
summary:
The New England Hospital for Women and Children was founded by Marie Zakrzewska on July 1, 1862. The hospital's goal was to provide patients with competent female physicians, educate women in the study of medicine, and train nurses to care for the sick. Until 1951, the hospital remained dedicated to women, it was then renamed to New England Hospital to include male patients. The hospital was renamed again to the Dimock Community Health Center in 1969. At present, that institution provides a range of healthcare services including adult & pediatric primary care, women's healthcare, and HIV/AIDS specialty care. == Establishment == Marie Zakrzewska was born on September 9, 1829, in Berlin. In one of her memoirs she wrote "I prefer to be remembered only as a woman who was willing to work for the elevation of woman." She did just that by starting the hospital. As a child she followed her mother (a midwife) around the school of midwifery where she worked. Once she was 18 she applied to study midwifery, which was the only part of medicine women were allowed to work in, at the Royal Charité Hospital in Berlin. She was rejected, however, she continued to apply at


id: organization-for-women-in-science-for-the-developing-world-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Women_in_Science_for_the_Developing_World-0.md
category: reference
title: Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Women_in_Science_for_the_Developing_World
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:47.578442+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: organization-for-women-in-science-for-the-developing-world-20260505-0
summary:
The Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World (OWSD) is an international organisation that provides research training, career development and networking opportunities for women scientists throughout the developing world at different stages in their career. It was founded in 1987 and was officially launched in 1993. The organisation was formerly known as the Third World Organization for Women in Science (TWOWS). It is a program unit of UNESCO and based at the offices of The World Academy of Sciences in Trieste, Italy. The organisation aims to unite eminent scientists from the developing and developed world with an objective of supporting their efforts in the development process. It also aims at promoting the representation of its members in the sphere of scientific and technological leadership. It does so through different programs like memberships, fellowships, and awards. == Objectives == Scientific research and advancement is important to generate knowledge and products aimed at solving problems faced by society. The generation of such knowledge is especially important in the developing countries which face numerable problems like poverty, food scarcity, disease, climate change, and many more. Scientific innovation is not only important to find solutions to these problems but can also contribute


id: organization-for-women-in-science-for-the-developing-world-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Women_in_Science_for_the_Developing_World-1.md
category: reference
title: Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Women_in_Science_for_the_Developing_World
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:47.578442+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: organization-for-women-in-science-for-the-developing-world-20260505-0
summary:
The OWSD-Elsevier Foundation Awards are an annual prize given to reward and encourage women scientists working and living in developing countries who are in the early stages of their careers. Initially launched in 2010, the Awards are presented to five scientists each year, one from each of the four OWSD regions plus an additional exceptional winner from any region. The eligible scientific disciplines for the Awards rotate between the biological sciences, physical sciences and engineering. Each winner receives US$5,000 and presents her research during a special awards ceremony at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) annual meeting. Awardees must have made a demonstrable impact on the research environment both at a regional and international level. == Membership == OWSD has more than 8,000 members from 137 countries. Over 90% of OWSD members are women living and working in developing countries who have master's or doctorate degrees in scientific subjects. == Leadership == OWSD is governed by an executive board, composed of a president, four regional vice presidents and four regional members. All the members of the executive board are elected by the members of the general assembly who vote out of the shortlist of candidates which were


id: list-of-organizations-for-women-in-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_organizations_for_women_in_science-0.md
category: reference
title: List of organizations for women in science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_organizations_for_women_in_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:48.811187+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-organizations-for-women-in-science-20260505-0
summary:
This is a list of notable organizations for women in science and, more generally; science, technology, engineering, and math. == General STEM-oriented groups == International groups who cover the general topics of science, technology, engineering, and math. 500 Women Scientists American Association of University Women (AAUW) AnitaB.org Association for Women in Science (AWIS) European Platform of Women Scientists Girl Geek Dinners Graduate Women in Science (GWIS; formerly known as Sigma Delta Epsilon) International Network of Women in Engineering and Sciences Kovalevskaia Fund Laboratoria Outreachy Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World Stemettes Systers Women in Technology International WomenTech Network == Subject-specific groups == International groups who focus on specific topics. === Computing and Information Technology === AnitaB.org Association for Computing Machinery Committee on Women Association for Women in Computing BCSWomen, a specialist group of the British Computer Society Black Girls Code BlogHer Center for Women in Technology Committee on Widening Participation in Computing Research (CRA-WP) DC Web Women Django Girls Girl Geek Dinners Girls Who Code Ladies of Code LinuxChix National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT) Native Girls Code Portland Women in Technology (PDX WIT) Pyladies R-Ladies Systers Tech LadyMafia Women in Data Women in Technology


id: outreachy-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outreachy-0.md
category: reference
title: Outreachy
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outreachy
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:49.950481+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: outreachy-20260505-0
summary:
Outreachy (previously the Free and Open Source Software Outreach Program for Women) is a program that organizes three-month paid internships with free and open-source software projects for people who are typically underrepresented in those projects. The program is organized by the Software Freedom Conservancy and was formerly organized by the GNOME Project and the GNOME Foundation. It is open to cisgender and transgender women, people of other gender identities that are minorities in open source (including transgender men and genderqueer people), and people of any gender in the United States who have racial/ethnic identities underrepresented in the US technology industry (Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander). Participants can be of any background and any age older than 18. Internships can focus on programming, design, documentation, marketing, or other kinds of contributions. The program began in 2006 with a round of internships for women working on the GNOME desktop environment (which primarily runs on Linux), and it resumed in 2010 with internships twice a year, adding projects from other organizations starting in 2012. As of 2014, these rounds of internships have had up to 16 participating organizations, including Mozilla and the Wikimedia Foundation. Funding comes


id: outreachy-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outreachy-1.md
category: reference
title: Outreachy
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outreachy
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:49.950481+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: outreachy-20260505-0
summary:
=== GNOME Outreach Program for Women === In 2009, the GNOME community decided to revive the program as part of continuing efforts to encourage more women to contribute to GNOME, renaming it to the GNOME Outreach Program for Women. The GNOME Foundation board appointed Marina Zhurakhinskaya to organize it, including finding mentors for the program. The program's internship options expanded to include non-coding work such as documentation and localization, and it opened up to non-student applicants. To increase chances of success, the new application process included making an improvement to the project, and the internship shifted to encouraging several tasks incrementally incorporated into the main project, instead of one larger project like Google Summer of Code. After restructuring the program and finding interested projects and mentors within GNOME, they selected eight interns in November 2010. Another eight interns, from five continents, began in May 2011. They included Priscilla Mahlangu, a South African woman translating GNOME desktop software into the Zulu language. Twelve interns started in November 2011, with sponsorship from Collabora, Google, Mozilla, Red Hat, and the GNOME Foundation. For the May 2012 round, the Software Freedom Conservancy joined the program with an internship with the Twisted project, mentored by


id: pyladies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PyLadies-0.md
category: reference
title: PyLadies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PyLadies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:51.152763+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: pyladies-20260505-0
summary:
PyLadies is an international mentorship group which focuses on helping more women become active participants in the Python open-source community. It is part of the Python Software Foundation. It was started in Los Angeles in 2011. The mission of the group is to create a diverse Python community through outreach, education, conferences and social gatherings. PyLadies also provides funding for women to attend open source conferences. The aim of PyLadies is increasing the participation of women in computing. PyLadies became a multi-chapter organization with the founding of the Washington, D.C., chapter in August 2011. == History == The organization was created in Los Angeles in April 2011 by seven women: Audrey Roy Greenfeld, Christine Cheung, Esther Nam, Jessica Venticinque (Stanton at the time), Katharine Jarmul, Sandy Strong, and Sophia Viklund. Around 2012, the organization filed for nonprofit status. As of March 2024, PyLadies has 129 chapters. == Organization == PyLadies has conducted outreach events for both beginners and experienced users. PyLadies has conducted hackathons, social nights and workshops for Python enthusiasts. Each chapter is free to run themselves as they wish as long as they are focused on the goal of empowering women and other marginalized genders in tech. Women


id: san-francisco-women-on-the-web-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Women_on_the_Web-0.md
category: reference
title: San Francisco Women on the Web
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Women_on_the_Web
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:52.321635+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: san-francisco-women-on-the-web-20260505-0
summary:
San Francisco Women on the Web (SFWOW) is a nonprofit organization based in San Francisco, California. It works to serve, educate and empower women in technology through professional development, support, and networking opportunities. In 1998, the organization created a nationally recognized awards program called the Top 25 Women on the Web, a program that continued through 2007. == History == San Francisco Women on the Web began as a chapter of Webgrrls. The volunteers of that chapter broke away in 1998 and formed an independent organization and began discussions and paperwork to achieve nonprofit status, which they did in 2000. In 1998, while still a part of Webgrrls, the San Francisco volunteers created an awards program called the Top 25 Women on the Web, which was held up to 2001 and garnered regular press attention, including national coverage. Membership (non-dues) totaled 1807 in 2007. Volunteer-run, it organized workshops, from HTML to Java, events, monthly meetings, study groups, coffee klatches, and "scrappies" a kind of happy hour networking gathering. == In the news == "Women Revel at Web Awards", 21 January 1999, Wired.com "The San Francisco branch of Women on the Web met Wednesday to recognize the Top 25 Women of


id: society-of-woman-geographers-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Woman_Geographers-0.md
category: reference
title: Society of Woman Geographers
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Woman_Geographers
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:53.509514+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: society-of-woman-geographers-20260505-0
summary:
The Society of Woman Geographers was established in 1925 at a time when women were excluded from membership in most professional organizations, such as the Explorers Club, who would not admit women until 1981. It is based in Washington, D.C., and has 500 members. Groups are located in Chicago, Florida, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco. The society was organized by four friends, Gertrude Emerson Sen, Marguerite Harrison, Blair Niles and Gertrude Mathews Shelby, to bring together women interested in geography, world exploration, anthropology and related fields. Membership was restricted to women who had "done distinctive work whereby they have added to the world's store of knowledge concerning the countries on which they have specialized, and have published in magazines or in book form a record of their work." The society's first president was Harriet Chalmers Adams, who held the post from December 1925 until 1933. Marion Stirling Pugh served as its president twice, in 1960–1963 and 1969–1972. Famous members included: historian Mary Ritter Beard, photographer Margaret Bourke-White, novelist Fannie Hurst, writer Marie Ahnighito Peary, mountain climber Annie Smith Peck, anthropologist Margaret Mead, Eleanor Roosevelt, and author Grace Gallatin Seton Thompson. == Gold Medal == The Society's Gold Medal


id: society-of-women-engineers-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Women_Engineers-0.md
category: reference
title: Society of Women Engineers
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Women_Engineers
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:54.736471+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: society-of-women-engineers-20260505-0
summary:
The Society of Women Engineers (SWE) is an international not-for-profit educational and service organization. Founded in 1950 and headquartered in the United States, the Society of Women Engineers is a major advocate for women in engineering and technology. SWE has over 47,000 members in nearly 100 professional sections, 300 collegiate sections, and 60 global affiliate groups throughout the world. == Antecedents == The SWE archives contain a series of letters from the Elsie Eaves Papers (bequeathed to the Society), which document the origins of the Society in the early 20th century. In 1919, a group of women at the University of Colorado helped establish a small community of women with an engineering or science background, called the American Society of Women Engineers and Architects. While this organization was only recognized within the campus community, it set the foundation for the development of the international Society of Women Engineers. This group included Lou Alta Melton, Hilda Counts, and Elsie Eaves. These women wrote letters to engineering schools across the nation asking for information on female engineering students and graduates. They received responses from 139 women throughout 23 universities. They also received many negative responses from schools that did not admit women


id: society-of-women-engineers-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Women_Engineers-1.md
category: reference
title: Society of Women Engineers
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Women_Engineers
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:54.736471+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: society-of-women-engineers-20260505-0
summary:
== History == Though the Society of Women Engineers did not become a formal organization until 1950, its origins date to the late 1940s, when shortages of men due to World War II provided new opportunities for women to pursue employment in engineering. Female student groups at Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia and at Cooper Union and City College of New York in New York City began forming local meetings and networking activities. On April 3, 1949, seventy students attended a conference at Drexel to start organizing. These seventy students traveled from 19 universities. National vice president Maryly Van Leer Peck and her mother Ella Lillian Wall Van Leer a women's right activist became heavily involved early on. They opened one of the first branches at Georgia Tech after her father Blake R Van Leer successfully lobbied to allow women to attend. Blake also encouraged numerous women to join his engineering program while at NC State. The Van Leers would actively support the organization throughout their lives. On the weekend of May 27–28, 1950, about fifty women representing the four original districts of the Society of Women Engineers – New York City, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., and Boston – met


id: society-of-women-engineers-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Women_Engineers-2.md
category: reference
title: Society of Women Engineers
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Women_Engineers
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:54.736471+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: society-of-women-engineers-20260505-0
summary:
== Archives == While developing the Society, the organizers assembled masses of information into archives. A committee for these archives was established in 1953. The Society's archives were established in 1957 by the Archives Committee, who voluntarily collected and maintained the Society's records. The archives are currently located at the Walter P. Reuther Library at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan. Some of the media includes information about a short-lived society involving both architects and engineers from 1920. The archives detail the history and creation of SWE as an organization and the history of women's involvement in engineering. Due to these collections of women's work on scientific projects, the archives show an alternate perspective on events such as the Space Race, which have traditionally been viewed as male-dominated endeavors but depended on the contributions of many women as well. In 1993, SWE designated the Walter P. Reuther Library as the official repository of its historical materials. Located within the Carey C. Shuart Women's Archive and Research Collection, the Houston Area Section of the Society of Women Engineers contains correspondence, business and financial records, photographs, and publications of the organization. == Current work == SWE offers support at all levels, from


id: stemettes-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemettes-0.md
category: reference
title: Stemettes
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemettes
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:57.220255+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: stemettes-20260505-0
summary:
Stemettes is a social enterprise which encourages girls and young women aged 5–25 to pursue careers in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Maths (STEM). Stemettes runs panel events, hackathons, the Student to Stemette mentoring programme supported by Deutsche Bank, Outbox Incubator and an app, OtotheB, an online platform for girls interested in STEM and entrepreneurship. == History == Stemettes was started in 2013 by British mathematics and computing child prodigy Anne-Marie Imafidon. In 2015, Jacquelyn Guderley became co-founder of Stemettes alongside Imafidon. Stemettes has partnered with organisations including Deutsche Bank, Salesforce, Accenture, Bank of America Merrill Lynch, BP and Microsoft. The organisation is regularly called upon by the UK Government and European Commission to consult on matters related to women in STEM. == Outbox Incubator == For six weeks from July–August 2015, Stemettes ran Outbox Incubator in London. This residential business incubator for girls with STEM start-ups became known as the "X-men house for girls". In February 2016, the Outbox Incubator spin-off app, OtotheB, was officially launched. The app is an online platform for girls interested in STEM and entrepreneurship. The app has been well received by some STEM figures such as academic and campaigner Sue Black, who described the app


id: systers-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systers-0.md
category: reference
title: Systers
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systers
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:58.399556+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: systers-20260505-0
summary:
Systers, founded by Anita Borg, is an international electronic mailing list for technical women in computing. The Syster community strives to increase the number of women in computer science and improve work environments for women. The mailing list has operated since 1987, making it the oldest of its kind for women in computer science. It is likely the largest email community of women in computing. == History == Systers was formed by Anita Borg in 1987 after a discussion with women at the Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP) in Austin. At the conference, Borg got the email addresses of 20 of the women attending and created Systers. The administrator of Systers was Borg, who was called by users "her Systers' keeper". It was the first worldwide community for women working in the field of computer science. The group spread by word of mouth, growing to around 2,000 members in the mid 1990s. The group was accused of practicing "reverse discrimination" by others in 1993. Borg defended the group as a way for women who were often cut off from one another in the field to connect with one another. Many women did not have any other women in their


id: teen-turn-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen_Turn-0.md
category: reference
title: Teen Turn
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen_Turn
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:59.698222+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: teen-turn-20260505-0
summary:
Teen Turn is an Irish charity which encourages teenage girls to pursue careers in technology. == History == Teen Turn is an Irish charity which was founded in 2016 by Joanne Dolan and Niambh Scullion with the aim of promoting technology and computer skills to girls in disadvantaged areas. It was first trialed in the summer of 2016 with 20 girls from five schools, and since has expanded to 18 schools and 30 tech companies. == Activities == In particular the group aim to work with girls from communities with low uptake of university or third level education. They partner with technology and digital companies to provide work placements and mentoring. They provide two week work placements. The charity also run after school programs. Participants from this program in Limerick went on to win the BT Young Pioneer Award in 2018. In 2018, Teen Turn partnered with The Digital Hub and Gaisce to take part in the Technovation Challenge. === Awards === 2017 EU Digital Impact Organisation of the Year. == References == == External links == Official Twitter account


id: the-diana-initiative-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Diana_Initiative-0.md
category: reference
title: The Diana Initiative
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Diana_Initiative
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:00.879452+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-diana-initiative-20260505-0
summary:
The Diana Initiative is a computer security conference based in Las Vegas, Nevada aimed at supporting underrepresented minorities including women in cybersecurity/ The first Diana Initiative conference took place in 2017. The Diana Initiative was founded by Cheryl Biswas, Virginie Robbins, Pablo Breuer, Elizabeth Etherington and Michael Smith. Due to COVID-19, the 2022 conference will be held 10–11 August during DEF CON. == References ==


id: ukrc-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UKRC-0.md
category: reference
title: UKRC
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UKRC
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:02.035078+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ukrc-20260505-0
summary:
The UKRC (UK Resource Centre) is a UK organisation for the provision of advice, services and policy consultation regarding the under-representation of women in science, engineering, technology and the built environment (SET). It is funded by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills and was launched in 2004. The central base is located in Bradford in the North of England but there are also centres in South East England, South Yorkshire, Scotland and Wales. The UKRC works to promote gender equality in SET with employers and professional bodies; education institutions; women's organisations and networks; policy institutes; sector skills councils; the government and many others. This includes implementing the Athena SWAN Charter. In 2011 it took over the leadership of the WISE Campaign and became UKRC-WISE. In late 2012 it took on the WISE name. == See also == Women of Outstanding Achievement Photographic Exhibition == Sources == == External links == The WISE official website The Athena SWAN official website


id: victorian-medical-women-s-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Medical_Women's_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Victorian Medical Women's Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Medical_Women's_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:03.647839+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: victorian-medical-women-s-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Victorian Medical Women's Society (VMWS) is the longest-running association of women medical practitioners and medical students. It was established in Melbourne, Australia in 1896 and is one of the oldest active medical organisations in the world. The aim of the society was to set a benchmark in women's health around Victoria, and to advance the professional development of medical women, through education, research, and the improvement of professional opportunities. The state-run society became affiliated with the national body, Australian Federation of Medical Women (since 1927), and thereby the Medical Women's International Association. == History == === The Context === In 1862 the Melbourne University Medical School opened, however women were not admitted. Over the next 20 years each of the university's faculties opened to admitting women, except the medicine faculty. After Constance Stone's admission to the faculty was refused in 1883, she travelled to the USA to commence a medical degree. In January 1987, Lilian Alexander, and Helen Sexton put an advertisement in the paper seeking other women who were interested in enrolling in medicine at the university. Five women responded, Clara Stone, who was Constance Stone's sister, Grace Vale, Margaret Whyte, and Elizabeth and Annie O'Hara. They started


id: victorian-medical-women-s-society-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Medical_Women's_Society-1.md
category: reference
title: Victorian Medical Women's Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Medical_Women's_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:03.647839+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: victorian-medical-women-s-society-20260505-0
summary:
=== Other notable members === Edith Helen Barrett (1872–1939) - General Practitioner, known best for the founding of the Bush Nursing Association of Victoria and her work with The Australian Red Cross and National Council of Women Constance Ellis (1872–1942) - Obstetrician and gynaecologist, and first woman to graduate from the University of Melbourne as a Doctor of Medicine Mary Clementina De Garis (1881–1963) - Obstetrician Vera Scantlebury (1889–1946) - Physician, Surgeon, Anaesthetist, Director of Infant Welfare Vic Gov. Known best for her work in maternal and child welfare Dame Kate Isabel Campbell (1899–1986) - Paediatrician, best known for her research in excessive supplemental oxygen causing blindness in premature neonates Mary Glowrey (1887–1957) - First Catholic religious sister to practice as a doctor (in obstetrics, gynaecology, and ophthalmology), best known for her medical and social work with women in Guntur, India Dame Annie 'Jean' MacNamara (1899–1968) - Paediatrician, best known for her contributions to children's health and welfare, and research on polio Jean Littlejohn (1899–1990) - Ear Nose Throat Surgeon Lorna Lloyd-Green (1910–2002) - Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, first female fellow of the Australian Medical Association, advocate for equal pay Elizabeth Kathleen TurnerAO (1914-1999) was a Paediatrician, who was the medical


id: wise-campaign-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WISE_Campaign-0.md
category: reference
title: WISE Campaign
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WISE_Campaign
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:05.948616+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wise-campaign-20260505-0
summary:
The WISE Campaign (Women into Science and Engineering) is a United Kingdom-based organization that encourages women and girls to value and pursue science, technology, engineering and maths-related courses in school or college and to move on into related careers and progress. Its mission statement aims to facilitate understanding of these disciplines among women and girls and the opportunities which they present at a professional level. It is operated by UKRC trading as WISE (company number 07533934). == Formation == The campaign began on 17 January 1984, headed by The Baroness Platt of Writtle, a qualified mechanical engineer, at which time women made up 7% of graduate engineers and 3% of professional engineers in the UK. It was a collaboration between the Engineering Council and the Equal Opportunities Commission, originally viewed as a one-year campaign "Women into Science and Engineering" WISE'84. == Activities == One of WISE's main objectives is to listen to students and women qualified or working in these sectors, and understand and voice their opinions to academic institutions, policy-makers and employers. It then works creatively with delivery agencies and others, offering models, tools and approaches to support them in challenging traditional approaches, so as to demonstrate equitable involvement.


id: women-in-nuclear-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Nuclear-0.md
category: reference
title: Women in Nuclear
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Nuclear
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:07.093575+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: women-in-nuclear-20260505-0
summary:
Women in Nuclear is a global not-for-profit organization with over 35,000 members from145 countries. The organization was established in 1993 and is governed by an elected board and executive. The organization is sponsored under the auspices of the World Nuclear Association and its objectives are identified as including the dissemination of factual information about nuclear and radiation technology, professional exchange among its members, and promotion of career opportunities in the nuclear industry. Although open to both women and men, members are primarily women working in nuclear technology related industries including academia, uranium mining, nuclear power generation, regulatory agencies, nuclear medicine, related organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency, and government officials. == Chapters == Chapters include: US Women in Nuclear (formed 1999) Women in Nuclear Canada (formed 2004) Women in Nuclear UK (formed 2014) == References == == External links == Official website


id: women-in-technology-and-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Technology_and_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Women in Technology and Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Technology_and_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:08.302673+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: women-in-technology-and-science-20260505-0
summary:
Women in Technology and Science (or WITS) is an Irish organisation representing women working in science and technology. It accepts members from industry and academia, and of all ages, from students to professionals. It was founded in 1990 by Mary Mulvihill. WITS organises a monthly e-mail newsletter WITSWORDS Newsletters. They have undertaken various initiatives, including compiling the WITS Talent Bank, a list of more than 150 women working in science and technology, and the Re-Enter initiative to support women returning to the workforce after a career break. A group from WITS attended a reception hosted by President Michael D. Higgins at Áras an Uachtaráin to recognise Women in Science in January 2016. In November 2020 they celebrated 30 years of activity. WITS is run by an elected executive committee. Chairs of WITS have included Mary Mulvihill, Dr Ena Prosser, Sadhbh McCarthy, Dr Marion Palmer, Mary Carroll and Julie Hogan. Members include Aoibhinn Ní Shúilleabháin, Jane Grimson and Norah Patten. == Gallery == == References == == External links == WITS website


id: women-in-technology-international-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Technology_International-0.md
category: reference
title: Women in Technology International
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Technology_International
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:09.481804+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: women-in-technology-international-20260505-0
summary:
Women in Technology International (WITI) is an organization promoting the achievements of women in technology and extending support, opportunities, and inspiration. It was founded by Carolyn Leighton in 1989 as the International Network of Women in Technology. It was renamed to the WITI Professional Association in 2001 when it acted as a trade association for women in technology. It is known for producing the Women in Technology International Hall of Fame, which inducts women who have made a significant contribution to technology. Started from an email group in 1989, by 2012 the group had grown to 2 million people and became the leading organization for women in technology. The 2014 WITI 25-year conference Powering Up! included speakers such as Gwynne Shotwell, President and Chief Operating Officer at SpaceX. In 2022, Randstad Technologies announced a partnership with WITI to address gender underrepresented groups in the workplace and encourage girls and women to pursue technology education and careers. == History == Carolyn Leighton founded WITI in 1989, originally launched as The International Network of Women in Technology, to advance the careers of women working in all sectors of business and technology, while providing access to - and support from - others in


id: women-who-code-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_Who_Code-0.md
category: reference
title: Women Who Code
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_Who_Code
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:10.697573+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: women-who-code-20260505-0
summary:
Women Who Code (WWCode) was an international non-profit organization that provides services for women pursuing technology careers and a job board for companies seeking coding professionals. The company closed in April 2024. It aimed to provide an avenue into the technology world by evaluating and assisting women in developing technical skills. In 2023, the organization had held more than 16,000 free events & built a membership of over 343,000 people in over 147 countries. The CEO was Julie Elberfeld. == History == Women Who Code was created in 2011. It was founded as a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit and approved by the IRS in November 2013 and is best known for its weekly publication the CODE Review, free technical study groups, hack nights, career development and leadership development, and speaking events featuring influential technology industry experts and investors. Since inception, WWCode has produced thousands of events worldwide and garnered sponsorship from organizations like Google, Zendesk, VMware, KPCB, Capital One, Nike, Yelp, and many others. In the summer of 2016, Women Who Code went through Y Combinator. On April 18, 2024, the organization announced it would be shutting down due to lack of funding. == Key initiatives == Women Who Code's initiatives include:


id: women-s-technology-empowerment-centre-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_Technology_Empowerment_Centre-0.md
category: reference
title: Women's Technology Empowerment Centre
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_Technology_Empowerment_Centre
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:11.894615+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: women-s-technology-empowerment-centre-20260505-0
summary:
The Women's Technology Empowerment Centre (W.TEC) is a non-profit organization that provides technology education for women and girls in Nigeria. W.TEC offers services and programs including mentoring, training, technology camps, awareness campaigns, collaborative projects, and research and publication to empower women. == History == Oreoluwa Lesi noticed a gender gap in the knowledge of Information and communications technology in Nigeria and other African countries. She founded the organization in 2008 in Lagos. Over the years, W.TEC has extended its scope, reaching over 26,000 participants and expanding into Kwara and Anambra states. In 2017, Facebook partnered with W.TEC to improve Internet safety. == Services == W.TEC's work includes technology-training programmes for girls through intensive girls-only camps and technology clubs in W.TEC academy. During the camps and after-school clubs, the girls learn to create and innovate with technology by building and making websites, web applications, video games, films, and other digital content. In the words of Adeola Akinyemiju, the Finance Director, W.TEC "is training girls on electronic and digital circuit technologies, web designs to bridge the gender gap in the engineering space." The organisation advocates against and works to break down gender stereotypes, especially with respect to careers. In 2024 the reach


id: working-group-on-women-in-physics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_Group_on_Women_in_Physics-0.md
category: reference
title: Working Group on Women in Physics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_Group_on_Women_in_Physics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:13.158325+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: working-group-on-women-in-physics-20260505-0
summary:
The Working Group on Women in Physics of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) was formed by resolution of the Atlanta IUPAP General Assembly in 1999. The mandate of the group is: to survey the present situation and report to the council and the liaison committees and to suggest means to improve the situation for women in physics. To carry out this charge the Working Group has, among other things, organized six International Conferences (Paris, France, in 2002, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2005, Seoul, South Korea, in 2008, Stellenbosch, South Africa, in 2011, Waterloo, Canada, in 2014 and Birmingham, UK, in 2017) gathering teams from more than 60 countries that collected data on their local situation of women in physics. It also promoted and collaborated with the elaboration of a global survey of physicists that was carried on by the Statistical Research Center of the American Institute of Physics. The IUPAP Working Group is currently involved in the elaboration of a new survey that will include other natural sciences and mathematics within the framework of the Gender Gap in Science Project funded by the International Council for Science, ICSU. == References == == External links ==


id: worldwit-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldWIT-0.md
category: reference
title: WorldWIT
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldWIT
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:14.310922+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: worldwit-20260505-0
summary:
WorldWIT was a global online discussion community for women in business and technology. The forum operated from 1999 until it was closed in 2007. == History == It was founded in 1999 as ChicWIT, in Chicago. ChicWIT was followed by MassWIT in Boston, NycWIT in New York City, and CapitolWIT in Washington, D.C. In October 2005 there were over 80 WorldWIT chapters in operation and over 40,000 members. Women (and a few men) used the daily WorldWIT newsletter to share business, technical, career, health, financial and life advice with one another. WorldWIT was recognized in October 2004 as the Women's Business Organization of the Year, by the Stevie Awards Organization. In March 2007, WorldWIT and its local city chapters were shut down. This was the announcement: WorldWit founder begins new capter WorldWIT to close on March 23, 2007 – After seven years of connecting women in 25 countries around the globe, we are turning a corner and moving on to new endeavors. ... WorldWIT founder Liz Ryan's demanding speaking and training schedule prevented her from taking the self-funded WorldWIT to the next level. WorldWIT used L-Soft list serv technology and as its website and the basis of its social networking


id: wougnet-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOUGNET-0.md
category: reference
title: WOUGNET
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOUGNET
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:15.558338+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wougnet-20260505-0
summary:
Women of Uganda Network (WOUGNET) also known as Women of Uganda Network Development Limited is Ugandan non-governmental organization that aids women and women's organisations in the use and access of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to share information and address issues their concerns such as gender norms, advocating for their rights and building communities and businesses through education. == History == WOUGNET was founded in May 2000 by women's organisations from Uganda. Its mailing lists are hosted by Kabissa. Mission: To promote the use of information and communication technologies by women and girls for gender equality and sustainable development. Aim: To improve the conditions of life for Ugandan women, by enhancing their capacities and opportunities for exchange, collaboration and information sharing. Vision: An inclusive and just society where women and girls are enabled to use ICTs for sustainable development. Programs: Information Sharing and Networking, Technical Support, and Gender and ICT Policy Advocacy. WOUGNET does research and analysis on internet and ICT policies, promotes equal access to information, intersection of gender and technology, capacity building on online safety and emerging technology trends among other activities to ensure that women are catered for in them. It also implements other programs in agriculture,


id: a-d-xenopol-institute-of-history-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.D._Xenopol_Institute_of_History-0.md
category: reference
title: A.D. Xenopol Institute of History
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.D._Xenopol_Institute_of_History
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:19.344692+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: a-d-xenopol-institute-of-history-20260505-0
summary:
The A.D. Xenopol Institute of History (Romanian: Institutul de Istorie „A.D. Xenopol”) in Iași is an institution of research in the field of history under the auspices of the Romanian Academy. The institute was named in honour of Romanian historian Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol. The institute was founded in 1941 by Professor Ilie Minea as the "A.D. Xenopol Institute for the History of Romanians" within the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, and became an independent entity in 1943, as the "A.D. Xenopol Institute of National History". In 1970 it was renamed the "A.D. Xenopol Institute of History and Archaeology", and placed under the authority of the Academy of Social and Political Sciences of the Socialist Republic of Romania. After the fall of the Communist regime and the disbandment of the Academy of Social and Political Sciences, the Institute passed under the aegis of the Romanian Academy. The archaeology section split off, forming the Iași Institute of Archaeology, and the institute acquired its present name. == See also == Romanian Academy Iași Institute of Archaeology == References == == External links == Official website


id: aag-gold-medal-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAG_Gold_Medal-0.md
category: reference
title: AAG Gold Medal
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAG_Gold_Medal
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:20.543199+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: aag-gold-medal-20260505-0
summary:
The AAG Gold Medal is the highest award given by the international Association of Applied Geochemists (AAG). It recognizes recipients' lifetime achievements, or significant contributions to geochemistry and its applications. The medal is minted with the name of the recipient and the year of the award from two troy ounces of silver bullion. == Recipients == The following have received the gold medal: == See also == List of geology awards == References ==


id: academia-secretorum-naturae-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Secretorum_Naturae-0.md
category: reference
title: Academia Secretorum Naturae
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Secretorum_Naturae
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:21.731509+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: academia-secretorum-naturae-20260505-0
summary:
The first scientific society, the Academia Secretorum Naturae was founded in Naples in 1560 by Giambattista della Porta, a noted polymath. In Italian it was called Accademia dei Segreti, the Academy of the Mysteries of Nature, and the members referred to themselves as the otiosi (men of leisure). The society met at the home of della Porta in the Due Porte section of Naples so-named in reference to two entrances to caverns that apparently served as a meeting place. (The site has recently been the object of urban archaeology.) "Candidates for membership had to present a new fact in natural science as a condition of membership," but otherwise membership was open. Its activities came under the subject of an ecclesiastical investigation and della Porta was ordered by Pope Gregory XIII to close his Academy in 1578 under suspicion of sorcery. == Notes == == Sources == Arianna Borrelli: Giovan Battista Della Porta’s Neapolitan Magic & His Humanistic Meteorology, in: Variantology 5. Neapolitain Affairs. (Cologne: Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König, 2011), ISBN 978-3-86560-887-1. Siegfried Zielinski: Deep Time of the Media. Toward an Archaeology of Hearing and Seeing by Technical Means (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008), ISBN 978-0-262-74032-6.


id: academic-center-for-education-culture-and-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_Center_for_Education,_Culture_and_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_Center_for_Education,_Culture_and_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:22.889485+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: academic-center-for-education-culture-and-research-20260505-0
summary:
The Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR) (Persian: جهاد دانشگاهی) is an Iranian public and non-governmental higher education institution established in 1980. == Mission == ACECR engages in research and development projects in different fields of science and technology and real-world applications. Its activities can be broadly divided into the areas of: research and technology, education, cultural activities, and entrepreneurship. == Funding == Only 20% of ACECR's funding comes from national budget, while the majority of its funding is derived from partnerships and cooperation with the private sector. == Staffing == ACECR has 680 full-time research and academic staff, and 1,600 full-time research assistants. Its activities are supported by 2,100 services and administrative staff. Industry experts and post graduate research students also contribute to projects on a part-time basis. == Achievements == 1999: The first ICSI birth by frozen sperm of a gonadectomized man, Royan Institute 2003: The first human embryonic Stem Cell line establishment in Iran and the region, Royan Institute 2005: Establishment of the first Private Cord Blood Bank in Iran (Royan Stem Cell Technology Co.) 2006: Iran's first cloned sheep, named Royana, Royan Institute 2009: The first cloned goat born in Iran, Royan Institute 2010:


id: acad-mie-des-sciences-morales-et-politiques-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Académie_des_Sciences_Morales_et_Politiques-0.md
category: reference
title: Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Académie_des_Sciences_Morales_et_Politiques
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:24.030124+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: acad-mie-des-sciences-morales-et-politiques-20260505-0
summary:
The Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques (French pronunciation: [akademi de sjɑ̃s mɔʁal e pɔlitik]; "Academy of Moral and Political Sciences") is a French learned society. It is one of the five academies of the Institut de France. == Organisation == The members of the Académie are elected by peers. It is made of 50 members in 6 different sections depending on their specialisations: == History == The Académie was founded in 1795, suppressed in 1803, and reestablished in 1832 through the appeal of Guizot to King Louis Philippe. It is divided into five sections and has for its chief purpose the discussion of mental philosophy, law and jurisprudence, political economy and statistics, general and philosophical history, and politics, administration, and finance. It distributes the Baujour, Faucher, Bonnefous, Halphen, Bordin, and other prizes, publishes Mémoires, and holds its annual meeting each December. == Role and missions == Being under the protection of the president of the Republic, the Academy, a distinctive legal entity with particular status, promotes regular meetings and debates devoted towards fundamental or unanswered topics. In the last years, some of the themes were: State and religion (1994) The role of the State in the beginning of the


id: academy-of-sciences-and-arts-of-the-republika-srpska-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts_of_the_Republika_Srpska-0.md
category: reference
title: Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republika Srpska
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts_of_the_Republika_Srpska
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:25.244975+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: academy-of-sciences-and-arts-of-the-republika-srpska-20260505-0
summary:
The Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republika Srpska (Serbo-Croatian: Академија наука и умјетности Републике Српске, АНУРС / Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Republike Srpske, ANURS) is highest representative institution in the Republika Srpska of science and art founded in 1996. It has four departments – Department of Social Sciences, Department of Literature and Arts, Department of Natural, Mathematical and Technical Sciences and the Department of Medical Sciences. It is based in Banja Luka. == List of presidents == == Members == Some prominent members of the Academy are: == See also == Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosniak Academy of Sciences and Arts Culture of Republika Srpska Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts == References == == External links == The official web site of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republika Srpska International Science Council: Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republika Srpska


id: accademia-nazionale-delle-scienze-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accademia_nazionale_delle_scienze-0.md
category: reference
title: Accademia nazionale delle scienze
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accademia_nazionale_delle_scienze
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:26.471069+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: accademia-nazionale-delle-scienze-20260505-0
summary:
The Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze (lit. 'National Academy of the Sciences'), or more formally L'Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL, and also called the Accademia dei XL (lit. 'Academy of the Forty'), is Italy's national academy of science. Its offices are located within the Villino Rosso, at the corner of via L. Spallanzani and via Siracusa, Villa Torlonia, Rome. The academy promotes progress in mathematics, physics, and natural sciences; organizes meetings; publishes journals; establishes consultative committees for governmental agencies; and awards scientific prizes. The academy contains 40 fellows and a variable number of "fellows in excess" who are age 70 and above, and who have been fellows for at least five years. It also contains 25 foreign members. == History == The academy was founded in 1782 in Verona as the Società Italiana, comprising 40 scientists from various parts of Italy. The idea of forming an academy comprising the leading Italian scientists was put forward in 1766 by the mathematician Antonio Maria Lorgna. By 1781 he had received the support of Alessandro Volta, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Ruggero Giuseppe Boscovich and others. In the following year the academy was created as the Società Italiana, with forty members representing the most important


id: administrative-department-of-science-technology-and-innovation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_Department_of_Science,_Technology_and_Innovation-0.md
category: reference
title: Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_Department_of_Science,_Technology_and_Innovation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:27.595521+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: administrative-department-of-science-technology-and-innovation-20260505-0
summary:
The Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation (Spanish: Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación), also known as Colciencias, was a Colombian government agency that supported fundamental and applied research in Colombia. The department was officially integrated into the newly established Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation. This integration was enacted through Law 2162 of 2021. The key purpose of this merger was to centralize and streamline efforts in these fields under one unified governmental entity. This change aimed to foster a more coordinated and strategic approach to science, technology, and innovation, thereby enhancing the efficiency and impact of governmental policies and initiatives in these crucial areas. == References ==


id: aerial-delivery-research-and-development-establishment-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_Delivery_Research_and_Development_Establishment-0.md
category: reference
title: Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_Delivery_Research_and_Development_Establishment
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:28.786028+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: aerial-delivery-research-and-development-establishment-20260505-0
summary:
The Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment (ADRDE) is a laboratory of the Indian Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). It is located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh in India. Its research scope includes development of systems for dropping heavy loads, brake parachutes, towed targets, aircraft arrester barriers and aerostats. == Projects == Significant projects undertaken by ADRDE during the last two decades include: Armament delivery parachutes Space recovery parachutes Balloon barrage and surveillance systems Airships and related applications. The projects enter the production at Ordnance Factory Kanpur. ADRDE was involved in the design and development of a recovery parachute for the Nishant Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. The organisation developed brake parachutes for LCA Tejas and parachutes for the space capsule of Re-entry experiment SRE-1 by ISRO. Akashdeep, a 2000 cu. m aerostat, was successfully test-flown with actual and dummy payloads. ADRDE developed the Controlled Aerial Delivery System to deliver payloads through ram-air parachutes at designated coordinates via an on-board electronics unit. This accomplishment is considered one of the unit's major achievements. The ADRDE conducted the maiden flight trials of the Stratospheric Airship Platform from Sheopur Trial site, Madhya Pradesh on 3 May 2025. It carried instrumental payloads to an altitude of


id: africa-genome-education-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_Genome_Education_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Africa Genome Education Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_Genome_Education_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:29.965986+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: africa-genome-education-institute-20260505-0
summary:
The Africa Genome Education Institute (AGEI) is a public forum focusing on genetics and biotechnology in the African continent. It has organised major genome related events and conferences in Stellenbosch (2003), Cairo (2004), Nairobi (2005), Somerset West (2006). The AGEI's executive director is Prof Wilmot James. The AGEI received a $50,000 grant (October 1, 2007 - October 31, 2009) from the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation to understand race and skin colour. == References ==


id: agassiz-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agassiz_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: Agassiz Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agassiz_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:31.143106+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: agassiz-association-20260505-0
summary:
The Agassiz Association was a society founded in 1875 for the study of natural science, named for Swiss-American naturalist Louis Agassiz. Its founder and first president was Harlan Hoge Ballard (1853–1934). == History == According to its Constitution, the Agassiz Association's purpose was "to collect, study, and preserve natural objects and facts." Each Chapter of the Association was allowed to choose its own officers and make its own by-laws. By 1880 there were chapters in Massachusetts, New York State, and Pennsylvania. By 1884 the Association had about 7000 members and about 600 Chapters. For some years, St. Nicholas Magazine was the official organ of communication between the Association and its members. The Association was incorporated in 1892. Ballard's successor as president was Edward F. Bigelow. The American Fern Society and the Wilson Ornithological Society originated as Chapters of the Agassiz Association. == Natural theology == One of the last shows of natural theology occurred in the Agassiz Association, which took as one of its two mottos "Per Naturam Ad Deum," or "Through Nature to God." The Association's fostering of careful scientific work by amateurs is noteworthy, but its nonscientific aims and aspirations are no less interesting. Not the least of


id: agence-de-l-innovation-industrielle-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_de_l'innovation_industrielle-0.md
category: reference
title: Agence de l'innovation industrielle
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_de_l'innovation_industrielle
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:32.305541+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: agence-de-l-innovation-industrielle-20260505-0
summary:
The Agence de l'innovation industrielle was a French governmental agency created in 2005 to support technological projects. As of 2006, it was supporting seven projects: BioHub, a chemistry projects to create products with cereals, without using oil HOMES, a project of housing with ultra-low use of energy Nanosmart, a project of substrate Quaero, a search engine TVMSL, a project of creating a standard of hybrid terrestrial and satellite mobile television based on DVB-H NeoVal, a small automated subway system to replace the VAL VHD (Hybrid Diesel Vehicle), which involves PSA Peugeot Citroën. The agency was headed by Jean-Louis Beffa and Robert Havas. In January 2008, the French government decided to merge the agency with the French small and medium enterprises support public agency, OSEO. == References == == External links == Official web site The six projects VHD and Nanosmart Chirac unveils his grand plan to restore French pride


id: ag-ncia-nacional-de-inova-o-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agência_Nacional_de_Inovação-0.md
category: reference
title: Agência Nacional de Inovação
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agência_Nacional_de_Inovação
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:33.536093+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ag-ncia-nacional-de-inova-o-20260505-0
summary:
The Agência Nacional de Inovação (National Innovation Agency) was a Portuguese government agency funded by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education and the Ministry of the Economy and Innovation. The agency tries to promote innovation and technological development and to facilitate cooperation between research and industry. == See also == Science and technology in Portugal == External links == Official website == References ==


id: agency-for-innovation-by-science-and-technology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agency_for_Innovation_by_Science_and_Technology-0.md
category: reference
title: Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agency_for_Innovation_by_Science_and_Technology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:34.727383+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: agency-for-innovation-by-science-and-technology-20260505-0
summary:
The Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology was a Flemish agency between 1991 and 2015. It was an externally autonomized agency of the Flemish Government, in charge of innovation policy in Flanders and located in the Ellipse-Building in Brussels. Paul Zeeuwts was president of the agency until his sudden death in 2009. From 2010 to 2015, the agency was headed by General Administrator Veerle Lories. The Board of Directors was chaired by Professor Dr. Paul Lagasse. The agency ca e under the jurisdiction of the Flemish Minister for Employment, Economy, Innovation and Sport Philippe Muyters. On 1 January 2016, it merged into Flanders Innovation & Entrepreneurship (Agentschap Innoveren & Ondernemen). == Mission == The agency's tasks were specified in a management agreement with the Flemish government, resulted in a yearly business plan, and were committed to: Stimulate innovation through financial support, advice and coordination; Stimulate knowledge development in companies, research institutes, government and other organizations; Encouraging the development of new products, processes, services and concepts with added economic and social value. == Core tasks == Financial support: The Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology distributed about 300 million euros annually in subsidies. The grants went primarily to innovation


category: reference
title: All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Physical-Engineering and Radiotechnical Metrology
tags: science, encyclopedia
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:35.881270+00:00
instance: kb-cron
id:
all-russian-scientific-research-institute-for-physical-engineering-and-radiotechnical-metrology-20260505-0

file:
data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Russian_Scientific_Research_Institute_for_Physical-Engineering_and_Radiotechnical_Metrology-0.md

summary:
All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Physical-Engineering and Radiotechnical Metrology (VNIIFTRI; Russian: Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физико-технических и радиотехнических измерений (ВНИИФТРИ)) was founded in 1955. It is located in the settlement of Mendeleyevo of Solnechnogorsky District, Moscow Oblast, Russia (56.0277°N 37.226°E﻿ / 56.0277; 37.226﻿ (VNIIFTRI)), and also it includes West-Siberian (Novosibirsk – 55.0306°N 82.9095°E﻿ / 55.0306; 82.9095﻿ (West-Siberian VNIIFTRI)), East-Siberian (Irkutsk – 52.222°N 104.3198°E﻿ / 52.222; 104.3198﻿ (East-Siberian VNIIFTRI)), Far-Eastern (Khabarovsk – 48.489°N 135.0834°E﻿ / 48.489; 135.0834﻿ (Far-Eastern VNIIFTRI)) and Kamchatka (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky – 53.0804°N 158.6404°E﻿ / 53.0804; 158.6404﻿ (Kamchatka VNIIFTRI)) branches. The Institute was awarded the status of the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation in 1994, the status was repeatedly confirmed in 1997-2013. VNIIFTRI is the State Scientific Metrology Institute, conducts fundamental and applied research in the field of metrology and ensuring the uniformity of measurements, the creation and improvement of state standards, the development of new measurement methods in the following areas and types of measurements: measurement of time and frequency, long lengths, determination of Earth rotation parameters; coordinate-time and navigation measurements, including those using signals from the GLONASS system; geodesic and gravimetric measurements; measurement of the parameters of electromagnetic oscillations, radio engineering and magnetic quantities; acoustic, hydroacoustic and

source_url:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Russian_Scientific_Research_Institute_for_Physical-Engineering_and_Radiotechnical_Metrology

parent:
all-russian-scientific-research-institute-for-physical-engineering-and-radiotechnical-metrology-20260505-0


id: alliance-to-rescue-civilization-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_to_Rescue_Civilization-0.md
category: reference
title: Alliance to Rescue Civilization
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_to_Rescue_Civilization
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:37.116473+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: alliance-to-rescue-civilization-20260505-0
summary:
The Alliance to Rescue Civilization was an organization devoted to the establishment of an off-Earth "backup" of human civilization. This facility, or group of facilities, would serve to repopulate the Earth after a worldwide disaster or war, preserving as much as possible both the sciences and the arts. The organization had called for such a backup facility to be built on the Moon in lieu of NASA's plan to return there no earlier than 2026. It was founded by the author and journalist William E. Burrows and the biochemist Robert Shapiro. The organization was absorbed into the Lifeboat Foundation in 2007. == References == == External links == The Alliance to Rescue Civilization - An Organizational Framework - Internet Archive ARC website Archived 2018-03-07 at the Wayback Machine An Alliance to Rescue Civilization, Ad Astra, 1999 Morgan, Richard (August 1, 2006). "Life After Earth: Imagining Survival Beyond This Terra Firma". New York Times. Retrieved April 23, 2010.


id: american-association-of-anthropological-genetics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_of_Anthropological_Genetics-0.md
category: reference
title: American Association of Anthropological Genetics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_of_Anthropological_Genetics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:38.305911+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-association-of-anthropological-genetics-20260505-0
summary:
The American Association of Anthropological Genetics (AAAG) is an educational and scientific organization founded in 1994. The association aims to promote the study of anthropological genetics and publishes Human Biology as its official scientific journal. == References == == External links == American Association of Anthropological Genetics


id: american-miscellaneous-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Miscellaneous_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: American Miscellaneous Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Miscellaneous_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:39.482268+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-miscellaneous-society-20260505-0
summary:
The American Miscellaneous Society (AMSOC – 1952 to 1964) was an informal group made up of members of the US scientific community. It was formed by Gordon Lill, of the Office of Naval Research, as an organization designed to collect various Earth science research ideas that were submitted by scientists to the U.S. Navy and did not fit into any particular category. Membership in AMSOC was open to everyone and so there was no official membership list. Prospective members could join whenever two or more members were together. The most famous project to come out of AMSOC was the Project Mohole, whose goal was to drill into the Earth's mantle. Hollis Hedberg of Gulf Oil Corporation chaired the AMSOC Mohole subcommittee from 1962 to 1963. The society dissolved itself in 1964. == References == == Further reading == Why the Mohole: Adventures in Inner Space, 1964, William J. Cromie, 230 pp. == External links == History of the Mohole Project and the AMSOC by the National Academy of Sciences The Albatross Award of the American Miscellaneous Society by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives


id: american-quaternary-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Quaternary_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: American Quaternary Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Quaternary_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:40.660537+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-quaternary-association-20260505-0
summary:
The American Quaternary Association (AMQUA) is a professional organization of North American scientists devoted to studies of the quaternary geological period. They were founded in 1970 and their stated goals are to "foster cooperation and communication among the remarkably broad array of disciplines involved in studying the Quaternary Period". These disciplines include: anthropology, archaeology, botany, climatology, ecology, geochemistry, geochronology, geography, geology, geomorphology, geophysics, hydrology, limnology, meteorology, neotectonics, oceanography, paleontology, palynology, soil science, and zoology. They host biennial conventions on a variety of themes, with themes chosen to appeal to a broad range of represented disciplines. Their most recent conference had the theme "Ocean/Atmosphere Interactions and Continental Consequences: Environmental Forecasting from the Quaternary Sciences" and was held in Bozeman, Montana. In addition to their conference, they also publish a newsletter The Quaternary Times, semiannually and present a Distinguished Career Award annually. == See also == International Union for Quaternary Research == References == == External links == www.amqua.org - official web site


id: american-society-of-primatologists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_of_Primatologists-0.md
category: reference
title: American Society of Primatologists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_of_Primatologists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:41.842879+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-society-of-primatologists-20260505-0
summary:
The American Society of Primatologists (ASP) is both an educational and scientific society which aims to promote both the discovery and exchange of information on non-human primates. The society is open to anybody who actively, or is more passively interested in primatology, or anyone who is interested in supporting this. The Society publishes a scientific journal, The American Journal of Primatology. == References == == External links == American Society of Primatologists homepage


id: amsterdam-science-park-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_Science_Park-0.md
category: reference
title: Amsterdam Science Park
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_Science_Park
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:43.051266+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: amsterdam-science-park-20260505-0
summary:
Amsterdam Science Park is a science park in the Oost borough of Amsterdam, Netherlands with focus on physics, mathematics, information technology and the life sciences. The 70 hectare (175 acre) park provides accommodations for science, business and housing. Resident groups include institutes of the natural science faculties of the University of Amsterdam, several research institutes, and related companies. Three of the colocations of the Amsterdam Internet Exchange are at the institutes SURFsara, NIKHEF, and Equinix-AM3 at the science park. The park is also home to Amsterdam University College, the liberal arts branch of the UVA. In 2009, the Amsterdam Science Park railway station was opened by then-mayor Job Cohen. == Science and business == FOM Institute AMOLF (Physics of Biomolecular systems and Nanophotonics) Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL) National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI) Faculty of Science (FNWI) of the University of Amsterdam offering education programmes in biology, chemistry, computer science, earth science, physics, mathematics etc. and comprising eight research institutes, including: Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) Institute for Logic, Language and Computation (ILLC) Institute of Physics (IoP) Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics (KdVI) Netherlands eScience Center (NLeSC) National


id: animal-study-registry-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Study_Registry-0.md
category: reference
title: Animal Study Registry
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Study_Registry
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:44.264663+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: animal-study-registry-20260505-0
summary:
Animal Study Registry is an online registry for the preregistration of research studies involving animals. Animal Study Registry was launched in January 2019 and can be used by scientists worldwide. == History == The reproducibility of animal test results in biomedical research has been questioned repeatedly in the past. Discussions about this replication crisis have already reached the public. In clinical research, the call for transparency led to the introduction of clinical trial registries that disclose the experimental design of clinical trials before the study is conducted. In order to increase the transparency and the quality in the field of preclinical and basic research, the establishment of so-called centralized animal study registries was suggested. The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), as a scientifically independent research institution, has decided to provide an international freely accessible platform for the pre-registration of studies involving animal experiments. == Goal == The causes for the replication crisis in biomedical research are being intensively discussed within the scientific community. The publication bias was identified as one main reason for the lack of reproducibility of research results. This means, only significant and novel results are published while null results are never revealed, which leads to


id: area-science-park-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AREA_Science_Park-0.md
category: reference
title: AREA Science Park
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AREA_Science_Park
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:45.424631+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: area-science-park-20260505-0
summary:
The Trieste AREA Science Park is composed of two neighbouring campus developments located near the exit from the motorway linking Trieste to Austria and Slovenia. Operational since 1982, the AREA Science Park was founded with the initial aim of providing a link between the business community and the many high-level international scientific institutions in Trieste. == References == == External links == AREA Science Park Official Site


id: artificial-intelligence-applications-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_Applications_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_Applications_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:46.602010+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: artificial-intelligence-applications-institute-20260505-0
summary:
The Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute (AIAI) at the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh is a non-profit technology transfer organisation that promoted research in the field of artificial intelligence. == History == The Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute (AIAI) was founded in 1983 at the University of Edinburgh as a specialist research and technology-transfer unit focusing on the practical uses of artificial intelligence (AI). The institute was established by Professor Jim Howe and colleagues from the Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC) Special Interest Group in AI in the Department of Artificial Intelligence, with a mission to apply AI techniques to solve real-world industrial and governmental problems. Under the directorship of Austin Tate, who served from 1985 to 2019, AIAI became one of the leading UK research centres devoted to AI programming systems, intelligent planning systems, decision support, and knowledge-based engineering. It collaborated with both academic partners and international organisations such as the European Space Agency and the UK Ministry of Defence. In 2001, AIAI joined the newly created Centre for Intelligent Systems and their Applications (CISA) within the University's School of Informatics. In December 2019, the institute was renamed the Artificial Intelligence and its Applications Institute to reflect


id: asia-pacific-network-of-science-and-technology-centres-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Network_of_Science_and_Technology_Centres-0.md
category: reference
title: Asia Pacific Network of Science and Technology Centres
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Network_of_Science_and_Technology_Centres
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:47.849486+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: asia-pacific-network-of-science-and-technology-centres-20260505-0
summary:
The Asia Pacific Network of Science & Technology Centres (ASPAC), is a not-for-profit association initiated in 1997. It was formed to facilitate communication and cooperation among Science Centres and Museums and other organisations that use interactive approaches for learning and public understanding of science and technology in the Asia-Pacific region. The network hosts annual conferences where members exchange the latest updates on science exhibitions, educational advancements, and upcoming events. ASPAC has over 50 members from 20 countries (2022). Members include different forms of organisations, like science centres, science museums, children’s museums, exhibit design and fabrication firms. == See also == List of science centers == References == == External links == ASPAC website


id: association-des-amis-de-l-art-rupestre-saharien-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_des_Amis_de_l'Art_Rupestre_Saharien-0.md
category: reference
title: Association des Amis de l'Art Rupestre Saharien
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_des_Amis_de_l'Art_Rupestre_Saharien
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:49.011053+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-des-amis-de-l-art-rupestre-saharien-20260505-0
summary:
Association des Amis de l'Art Rupestre Saharien (Association of the Friends of Saharan Rock Art) is a French scientific organisation focusing on the rock art of the Sahara. It was established in 1991. The chairman is Jean-Loïc Le Quellec, an academic at the French National Centre for Scientific Research. The organisation publishes two journals: La Lettre de l'AARS (semi-annual) ISSN 1633-3691 Cahiers de l'AARS (annual) ISSN 1627-2773 The AARS is a member of the International Federation of Rock Art Organizations. == References == == External links == Official website 02.05.2008 L'art rupestre saharien à La Chaux-de-Fonds, RTN (Switzerland)


id: association-for-laboratory-automation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Laboratory_Automation-0.md
category: reference
title: Association for Laboratory Automation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Laboratory_Automation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:50.229924+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-for-laboratory-automation-20260505-0
summary:
The Association for Laboratory Automation (ALA) was a scientific association, organized as a nonprofit 501(c)(3), for the medical, chemical and biological laboratory automation industry. It was the publisher of the peer-reviewed scientific journal, Journal of Laboratory Automation. In 2010, it merged with the Society for Biomolecular Sciences to form the Society for Laboratory Automation and Screening. The ALA's mission was to advance science and education related to laboratory automation by encouraging the study, advancing the science, and improving the practice of medical and laboratory automation. Its focus is on the benefits and utilization of automation, robotics, and artificial intelligence in order to improve the quality, efficiency, and relevance of laboratory analysis. == External links == Association for Lab Automation web site Journal of Laboratory Automation web site LabAutopedia


id: association-for-the-sociology-of-religion-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_the_Sociology_of_Religion-0.md
category: reference
title: Association for the Sociology of Religion
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_the_Sociology_of_Religion
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:51.424809+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-for-the-sociology-of-religion-20260505-0
summary:
The Association for the Sociology of Religion (ASR) is an academic association with more than 700 members worldwide. It publishes a journal, Sociology of Religion, and holds meetings at the same venues and times as the American Sociological Association. == History == The ASR was founded by Catholic sociologists in Chicago in 1938 as the American Catholic Sociological Society. The organization adopted its present name in 1970, reflecting changes in the Vatican's policy that led to greater openness towards other faiths. It has long since become a base for sociological research on religion without regard to belief, creed, or religious orientation. == Activities == The association publishes a journal, Sociology of Religion, as well as a quarterly newsletter. It is the co-publisher of an annual series entitled Religion and the Social Order. The association provides research grants. The ASR, which has over 700 members worldwide, continues its historical practice of holding its meetings at the same venues and times as the American Sociological Association, allowing mutual cross-fertilization between the two associations. Past presidents of the ASR include David G. Bromley, James T. Richardson, Eileen Barker Benton Johnson, and Christopher G. Ellison. == Presidents == == See also == American Academy


id: association-for-women-geoscientists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Women_Geoscientists-0.md
category: reference
title: Association for Women Geoscientists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Women_Geoscientists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:52.614762+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-for-women-geoscientists-20260505-0
summary:
The Association for Women Geoscientists (AWG) is an international professional organization which promotes the professional development of its members, provides geoscience outreach to girls, and encourages the participation of girls and women in the geosciences. Membership is open to all who support AWG's goals. Members include professional women and men from industry, government, museums and academia, students from a cross-section of colleges and universities, retirees, and others interested in supporting the society's goals. == History == AWG was founded in San Francisco in 1977. The original purpose of the society was to provide encouragement to women in the geosciences, a career choice in which they were largely underrepresented at the time. As of 2006, the purpose remains the same, although some advances have been made, as AWG membership approaches 1200 students and scientists, reflecting the increasing participation of women in the geosciences. AWG is a 501(c)(6) mutual benefit corporation with local chapters in many cities and at-large members throughout the U.S. and around the world. AWG is a member society of the American Geological Institute and the Geological Society of America. == Notable members == Claudia Alexander Gail Ashley Denise Cox Francisca Oboh Ikuenobe Sharon Mosher Sarah K. Noble Sian


id: association-of-engineering-technicians-and-technologists-of-newfoundland-and-labrador-20260505-0
category: reference
title: Association of Engineering Technicians and Technologists of Newfoundland and Labrador
tags: science, encyclopedia
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:53.777095+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-of-engineering-technicians-and-technologists-of-newfoundland-and-labrador-20260505-0
file:
data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Engineering_Technicians_and_Technologists_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador-0.md

summary:
The Association of Engineering Technicians and Technologists of Newfoundland and Labrador (AETTNL) is Newfoundland and Labrador's independent certifying body for engineering/applied science technicians and technologists. AETTNL confers the post-nominal designations of C .Tech. (certified technician), P. Tech (professional technologist), and A.Sc.T. (applied science technologist) which are symbols of achievement in engineering/applied science technology and are legally protected for use only by fully certified members in good standing. The designations are recognized across Canada by many employers and other engineering professionals through the efforts of provincial associations of engineering technology. Until 2010, AETTNL was a member of the Canadian Council of Technicians and Technologists (CCTT). Through CCTT being a signatory, The association recognizes international transferability through the Sydney Accord, the Dublin Accord and the Engineering Technology Mobility Forum, which confers the ability to award the designation IntET(Canada) for Technologists who wish to work internationally. In 2010, a number of different provincial associations of engineering technology left CCTT. Unlike the other associations, AETTNL has not joined Technology Professionals Canada. The professional technologist designation in Newfoundland is not the same as the professional technologist designation in Alberta and British Columbia. The P. Tech designation in Newfoundland is equivalent to a certified engineering technologist

source_url:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Engineering_Technicians_and_Technologists_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador


id: association-of-european-science-and-technology-transfer-professionals-20260505-0
category: reference
title: Association of European Science and Technology Transfer Professionals
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_European_Science_and_Technology_Transfer_Professionals
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:54.963186+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-of-european-science-and-technology-transfer-professionals-20260505-0
file:
data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_European_Science_and_Technology_Transfer_Professionals-0.md

summary:
The Association of European Science and Technology Transfer Professionals (ASTP: A World of Knowledge Transfer, formerly known as ASTP-Proton) is the European members association for knowledge and technology transfer professionals. Located in Leiden in the Netherlands, ASTP is the premier, pan-European association for professionals involved in knowledge transfer among universities and industry. By promoting and professionalising knowledge transfer practice, the association aims to enhance the impact of public research on society and the economy. == Members == Central to the European knowledge transfer ecosystem, ASTP over 900 members from 45+ countries (May 2019). == History == Created in 1999, through the initiative of a multinational group of technology transfer professionals, ASTP is a non-profit organisation based in Leiden, Netherlands. == Activities == Through training courses and annual conferences, the group aims to professionalise and promote technology and knowledge transfer among universities, public research organisations, and industry. == External links == ASTP website ASTP website


id: association-of-los-alamos-scientists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Los_Alamos_Scientists-0.md
category: reference
title: Association of Los Alamos Scientists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Los_Alamos_Scientists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:56.196451+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-of-los-alamos-scientists-20260505-0
summary:
The Association of Los Alamos Scientists (ALAS) was founded on August 30, 1945, by a group of scientists, who had worked on the development of the atomic bomb at the Los Alamos Laboratory, a division of the Manhattan Project. == Purpose == The purpose of the organization was "to promote the attainment and use of scientific and technological advances in the best interests of humanity", according to the manifesto, available in the archives of the University of Chicago. The scientists believed that they, "by virtue of their special knowledge, have, in certain spheres, special political and social responsibilities beyond their obligations as individual citizens". The association sought to carry out these responsibilities by keeping its members informed, "and by providing a forum through which their views can be publicly and authoritatively expressed". The ALAS concentrated its activities principally in promoting international control of nuclear power and directing it to peaceful uses. Its members also attempted to promote responsible uses of science, and the freedom and integrity of scientists and scientific research. The group sponsored public education on the nature and control of atomic energy through lectures, films, and exhibits, and the distribution of literature. It also attempted to influence public


id: atlantic-geoscience-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Geoscience_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Atlantic Geoscience Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Geoscience_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:57.867258+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: atlantic-geoscience-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Atlantic Geoscience Society (AGS; French: Société Géoscientifique de l'Atlantique), is a scientific association for earth scientists working or interested in the Atlantic provinces. The membership comprises professional geologists in industry and academia, students, and interested members of the public. The society is affiliated with the Geological Association of Canada, the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, and the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, and is a member of the Canadian Federation of Earth Sciences. The society publishes the geological journal Atlantic Geology. == Recent presidents == The presidents since 2010: 2010–2011: Grant Ferguson, Saint Francis Xavier University 2011–2012: Jim Walker, Department of Natural Resources (New Brunswick) 2012–2013: Elisabeth Kosters, Wolfville, Nova Scotia 2013–2014: Grant Wach, Dalhousie University 2014–2015: Cliff Stanley, Acadia University 2015–2016: President: John Calder, Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources 2016–2017: Bob Grantham, Stewiacke 2017–2018: Robin Adair, Zorayda Consulting Ltd. 2018–2019: Lynn Dafoe, Geological Survey of Canada - Atlantic 2019–2020: Martha Grantham, Stewiacke 2020–2021: Dave Lentz, University of New Brunswick 2021–2022: Anne Marie Ryan, Dalhousie University == Medals and awards == The Atlantic Geoscience Society recognizes geological contributions with two individual awards: Gesner Medal Laing Ferguson Distinguished Service Award Achievements at its annual colloquium are recognized with other


id: austrian-institute-of-technology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Institute_of_Technology-0.md
category: reference
title: Austrian Institute of Technology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Institute_of_Technology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:34:59.093158+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: austrian-institute-of-technology-20260505-0
summary:
AIT Austrian Institute of Technology is Austria's largest Research and Technology Organization (RTO), employing about 1,400 people mostly based at the main facilities Vienna Giefinggasse, Seibersdorf, Wiener Neustadt, Ranshofen, and Graz. In June 2009 the name was changed from Austrian Research Centers (ARC) to AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH. It is owned by the Republic of Austria (through the Ministry of Climate Action and Energy with 50.46% and by the Federation of Austrian Industries with 49.54%). The managing directors are Andreas Kugi, Brigitte Bach, and Alexander Svejkovsky. == Organization == Centers The company is structured in seven Centers: Energy Health & Bioresources Digital Safety & Security Vision, Automation & Control Low-Emission Transport Technology Experience Innovation Systems & Policy Subsidiaries AIT has the following wholly owned subsidiaries: Seibersdorf Labor GmbH Nuclear Engineering Seibersdorf GmbH Leichtmetallkompetenzzentrum Ranshofen GmbH - LKR == See also == ASTRA (reactor) == External links == https://www.ait.ac.at/


id: austrian-research-institute-for-artificial-intelligence-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Research_Institute_for_Artificial_Intelligence-0.md
category: reference
title: Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Research_Institute_for_Artificial_Intelligence
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:00.246711+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: austrian-research-institute-for-artificial-intelligence-20260505-0
summary:
The Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence (German: Österreichisches Forschungsinstitut für Artificial Intelligence - OFAI) is an Austrian non-profit contract research institute. OFAI is a research institute of the Austrian Society for Cybernetic Studies (Österreichische Studiengesellschaft fuer Kybernetik - OSGK), a registered scientific society founded in 1969. == History == The Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence was founded in 1984 with support from the Austrian Federal Ministry for Science and Research. Since its inception, OFAI has been headed by its director, Prof. Robert Trappl. == Research == Currently, 28 specialists, mainly computer scientists and linguists, all graduates from universities, work as employees at OFAI, plus 9 scientists, mainly professors at universities, on a contractual base. OFAI basic and applied research is performed in several areas of Artificial Intelligence, most notably: Language Technology Interaction Technologies Neural Computation and Robotics Intelligent Music Processing and Machine Learning Intelligent Software Agents and New Media AI and Society. == References == == External links == Official Website AI Tools Database


id: austrian-science-fund-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Science_Fund-0.md
category: reference
title: Austrian Science Fund
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Science_Fund
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:01.466759+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: austrian-science-fund-20260505-0
summary:
The Austrian Science Fund (German: Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, FWF) is the most important Austrian funding organization for basic research. The FWF supports research in science, engineering, and the humanities through a large variety of grant programmes, prizes and by funding infrastructure. The self-governed organization is based in Vienna and financed by the Austrian federal government. In September 2023 president Christof Gattringer voiced funding concerns: a three-year budget consensus previously reached with the Ministry of Education is lacking confirmation by the Ministry of Finance despite continuing high inflation in Austria. == Organisation == The Austrian Science Fund was established in 1967 and had a budget of 91 million euros in 2001. Most projects are individual research grants for up to three years. In addition, it also supports national research clusters, doctoral schools, scholarships for young researchers and awards like the START- and Wittgenstein-Preis. Pascale Ehrenfreund was elected president of the FWF on 6 June 2013. In recent years, the Austrian Science Fund provides growing support for the publication of articles and monographs in the open access format. == Membership == The Austrian Science Fund is a member of the European Science Foundation. == See also == Open access


id: balthazar-science-center-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balthazar_Science_Center-0.md
category: reference
title: Balthazar Science Center
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balthazar_Science_Center
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:02.651834+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: balthazar-science-center-20260505-0
summary:
Balthazar Science Center is a Swedish science center located in Västergötland, Skövde. It contains four Halley's Comet 3D models, as part of the Sweden Solar System. The Chairman of the Board is Ulrica Linnéa Margareta Johansson. == References == == External links == Balthazar Portal


id: baseline-surface-radiation-network-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseline_Surface_Radiation_Network-0.md
category: reference
title: Baseline Surface Radiation Network
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseline_Surface_Radiation_Network
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:03.856703+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: baseline-surface-radiation-network-20260505-0
summary:
Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) is a project of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) and as such is aimed detecting important changes in the Earth's radiation field at the Earth's surface which may be related to climate changes. The central archive of the BSRN is the World Radiation Monitoring Center (WRMC) which was initiated by Atsumu Ohmura in 1992 and operated at ETH until 2007. Since 2008 the WRMC is operated by the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Germany. == Objectives == To monitor the background (least influenced by immediate human activities which are regionally concentrated) shortwave and longwave radiative components and their changes with the best methods currently available. To provide data for the calibration of satellite-based estimates of the surface radiative fluxes. To produce high quality observational data to be used for validating the theoretical computations of radiative fluxes by models. == See also == Global dimming == External links == Baseline Surface Radiation Network BSRN information


id: bashkir-scientific-research-center-for-beekeeping-and-apitherapy-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkir_Scientific_Research_Center_for_Beekeeping_and_Apitherapy-0.md
category: reference
title: Bashkir Scientific Research Center for Beekeeping and Apitherapy
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkir_Scientific_Research_Center_for_Beekeeping_and_Apitherapy
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:04.998935+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: bashkir-scientific-research-center-for-beekeeping-and-apitherapy-20260505-0
summary:
Bashkir Scientific Research Center for Beekeeping and Apitherapy (Russian: Башкирский научно-исследовательский центр (БНИЦ) по пчеловодству и апитерапии) is a Bashkirian State premier research institute based in Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, specialized in beekeeping and apitherapy. The institute was established by Amir Ishemgulov in 1998. 200 species of medical and preventive, nutrition products and cosmetics supply is produced in the Center, and exported to other countries. The Center is a large producer of high quality and ecologically safe Bashkirian honey. The Center is the only and the primary holder of license "Bashkir honey". Since 2005 the Center has exported honey to the USA and Western Europe. The Center also exports honey to Asia. == References == == External links == Official website (in Russian) “BASHSPIRT” and Bashkir scientific-research institute for bee-keeping and apitherapy will present Bashkiria at “Green Week” in Berlin (19 January 2012)


id: bekhterev-psychoneurological-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekhterev_Psychoneurological_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Bekhterev Psychoneurological Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekhterev_Psychoneurological_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:06.164367+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: bekhterev-psychoneurological-institute-20260505-0
summary:
The St. Petersburg Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute (Russian: Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский психоневрологический институт им. В. М. Бехтерева, НИИ им. В. М. Бехтерева) is a postgraduate education center and the oldest Russian scientific institution aimed at performing studies in the fields of neurology, psychiatry, psychology, and contiguous disciplines. The institute was established by Vladimir Bekhterev in 1907 with official support from Emperor Nicholas II and Russian Prime Minister P. A. Stolypin. Having founded the institute, V. M. Bekhterev became its first director. The official publication of the institute is The Bekhterev Review of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology (Russian: Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии им. В. М. Бехтерева). == History of creation == The Psychoneurological Institute was founded in 1907 by the domestic scientist Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev as a research and higher education institution. Bekhterev became the first head of this type of scientific and educational institution. The Psychoneurological Institute has a general availability of educational courses for people of different genders and religions, as well as the program announced by V. M. Bekhterev. According to the charter, the goal of the institute was to develop and disseminate knowledge in the fields of psychology and neuroscience, as well as related sciences. Courses in


id: belgian-academy-council-of-applied-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Academy_Council_of_Applied_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: Belgian Academy Council of Applied Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Academy_Council_of_Applied_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:07.372356+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: belgian-academy-council-of-applied-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The Royal Belgian Academy Council of Applied Sciences (BACAS) is a Belgian council, which consists of the Flemish Academy Committee for Science and Technology (CAWET) and Walloon Comité de l'Académie pour les Applications de la Science (CAPAS) committees of the Flemish and French Academies of Science in Belgium. BACAS has ten members from the academy and ten from industry. The council studies the impact of technological development on society and provides advice for the Belgian government and leaders of industry. As of 2008 those two committees have become both two full classes of both academies, meaning that the members will become full members, nominated by the King of Belgium, of the academy. For the French-speaking Academy, CAPAS became the Class of Technology and Society, while CAWET became the Class of Technical Sciences. == See also == Academia Belgica Academia Europaea European Council of Applied Sciences and Engineering (Euro-CASE) Flemish Council for Science Policy Francqui Foundation National Fund for Scientific Research Science and technology in Belgium Science and technology in Flanders Science and technology in the Brussels-Capital Region Science and technology in Wallonia == External links == CAPAS Archived 2006-11-09 at the Wayback Machine (French) KTW (Flemish)


id: berlin-institute-for-advanced-study-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Institute_for_Advanced_Study-0.md
category: reference
title: Berlin Institute for Advanced Study
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Institute_for_Advanced_Study
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:08.559626+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: berlin-institute-for-advanced-study-20260505-0
summary:
The Institute for Advanced Study in Berlin (German: Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin) is an interdisciplinary institute founded in 1981 in Grunewald, Berlin, Germany, dedicated to research projects in the natural and social sciences. It is modeled after the original IAS in Princeton, New Jersey and is a member of Some Institutes for Advanced Study. The purpose of the institute is to offer scholars and scientists the opportunity to concentrate on projects of their own choosing for one academic year, free from administrative duties. The institute embraces a balance of both distinguished senior scholars and promising younger researchers, drawn from a wide range of cultural backgrounds. The institute has been headed by historian Barbara Stollberg-Rilinger as rector since September 2018. == Principles of the institute == Fellows at the Wissenschaftskolleg are chosen with no restrictions on country of origin, discipline, or academic position. With the help of an international advisory board, invitations to scholars and scientists, are designed to promote exchange across disciplinary boundaries and among researchers from different cultures. At the heart of the Wissenschaftskolleg is the idea that researchers must be free to choose their own distinctive research projects. The fellows' only obligations are to reside at the Wissenschaftskolleg, and


id: bioinformatics-institute-singapore-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics_Institute_(Singapore)-0.md
category: reference
title: Bioinformatics Institute (Singapore)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics_Institute_(Singapore)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:10.060975+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: bioinformatics-institute-singapore-20260505-0
summary:
The Bioinformatics Institute (Abbreviation: BII) is one of the Biomedical Sciences Institutes of the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR). BII was originally founded in 2001 by Dr Rajagopal as a support unit for Bioinformatics and IT service management. However, since August 2007, it has been redefined as a biological research organisation upon the arrival of the current executive director, Dr Frank Eisenhaber. BII focuses on "computationally biology-driven life science research aimed at the discovery of biomolecular mechanisms." BII also develops computer based research tools and performs experimental verifications in its own experimental facilities or by collaborating with appropriate groups. BII is home to the journal Scientific Phone Apps and Mobile Devices with SpringerNature. There are currently four research divisions in BII: Biomolecular Sequence to Function Biomolecular Modelling and Design Imaging Informatics Translational Research Under Dr. Sebastian Maurer-Stroh, the team at BII quality-checked genomic sequences uploaded by various countries to the GISAID database that stores and shares COVID-19 virus data. == External links == Official website == References ==


id: biomedicum-helsinki-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedicum_Helsinki-0.md
category: reference
title: Biomedicum Helsinki
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedicum_Helsinki
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:11.261847+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: biomedicum-helsinki-20260505-0
summary:
The Biomedicum Helsinki is a research and teaching center located in the Meilahti district of Helsinki, Finland. It contains two buildings (Biomedicum Helsinki 1 and 2), and features research and teaching facilities of the University of Helsinki's Faculty of Medicine, the Helsinki University Central Hospital, the EMBL Nordic partner Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, the Folkhälsan Research Center, the Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, the Wihuri Research Institute, and several companies in the life science field. Building 1 was completed in 2001 and Building 2 in 2008. A bridge named in honor of Konrad ReijoWaara (1853-1936), a prominent figure in the Medical Association Duodecim and the first editor-in-chief of the magazine of the same name, connects the buildings. The use of the buildings are coordinated by the Biomedicum Helsinki Foundation, which also funds research activities in the field of medicine. == References == == External links == Official website


id: bioscience-resource-project-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioscience_Resource_Project-0.md
category: reference
title: Bioscience Resource Project
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioscience_Resource_Project
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:12.440283+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: bioscience-resource-project-20260505-0
summary:
The Bioscience Resource Project is an advocacy organization focused on agriculture-related biosciences since 2006. In 2011, they started the Independent Science News website. == See also == === Other organizations === Center for Food Safety Center for Science in the Public Interest Pesticide Action Network Physicians for Social Responsibility Union of Concerned Scientists == References ==


id: bjerknes-centre-for-climate-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjerknes_Centre_for_Climate_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjerknes_Centre_for_Climate_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:13.557750+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: bjerknes-centre-for-climate-research-20260505-0
summary:
The Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research is a climate research centre in Bergen, Norway. The centres key areas of research is natural variability in the Earth system and man-made climate change. The centre combines observations with theoretical and modelling studies of past, present and future climates. Both Global and Polar regions are studied. The centre was started in 2000 and is a co-operation between University of Bergen, Institute of Marine Research, the Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center and NORCE (formerly Uni Research). The centre was part of Research Council of Norway's Centre of Excellence program from 2003 to 2013 and then had Eystein Jansen as the director. Tore Furevik was the director until 2021, and since then Kikki Kleiven has been leading the Bjerknes Center. Researchers from the Bjerknes Centre have taken part in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment reports; Eystein Jansen as one of the lead authors in the fourth report. Asgeir Sorteberg in the Special Report on managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaption (SREX). Eystein Jansen, Peter Thorne and Christoph Heinze have been respectively lead authors and review editor in the IPCC Working Group 1, for the IPCC


id: british-association-for-international-and-comparative-education-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Association_for_International_and_Comparative_Education-0.md
category: reference
title: British Association for International and Comparative Education
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Association_for_International_and_Comparative_Education
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:14.816360+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: british-association-for-international-and-comparative-education-20260505-0
summary:
The British Association for International and Comparative Education (BAICE) is a learned society in the United Kingdom dedicated to promoting teaching, research, policy and development in all aspects of international and comparative education. It is a member of the Academy of Social Sciences. The association runs an academic journal, Compare. The current Chair of BAICE is Dr Tejendra Pherali from the Institute of Education, UCL. The current Vice chair is Dr Alison Buckler from The Open University. The current Secretary is Dr Jennifer Jomafuvwe Agbaire from the Centre for International Education (CIE) at the University of Sussex. The current President of BAICE is Professor Paul Morris from the Institute of Education, UCL. == External links == Official website Records of the British Association for International and Comparative Education (formerly the British Comparative and International Education Society) at University College London == References ==


id: british-association-for-slavonic-east-european-studies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Association_for_Slavonic_&_East_European_Studies-0.md
category: reference
title: British Association for Slavonic & East European Studies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Association_for_Slavonic_&_East_European_Studies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:16.027362+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: british-association-for-slavonic-east-european-studies-20260505-0
summary:
The British Association for Slavonic and East European Studies (BASEES) is a learned society in the United Kingdom dedicated to promoting the study of Russia, Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. It is a member of the Academy of Social Sciences. It was formed in 1988 or 1989 through a merger of the British Universities Association of Slavists (BUAS; created 1956) and the National Association for Soviet and East European Studies (NASEES; created 1967, funded by the Ford Foundation and Shell), two founding members of the International Council for Central and East European Studies. Its first president until 1991 was the economist and foreign policy adviser Michael Kaser, who had also initially chaired the NASEES from 1967 to 1973. Until 1992, it was called the British Association for Soviet, Slavonic and East European Studies (BASSEES). == References == == External links == Official website


id: british-liquid-crystal-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Liquid_Crystal_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: British Liquid Crystal Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Liquid_Crystal_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:17.220691+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: british-liquid-crystal-society-20260505-0
summary:
The British Liquid Crystal Society (BLCS) is a charitable trust established to promote education and research on liquid crystals in the United Kingdom. It promotes dissemination of knowledge, education and research into and the study of all facets of the formation, evolution, and science of liquid crystals; their physical, chemical and other properties and functions in all products made therefrom. The Society also holds conferences to discuss the findings of such research. == References == == External links == British Liquid Crystal Society website "The British Liquid Crystal Society, registered charity no. 328163". Charity Commission for England and Wales.


id: british-rhinological-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rhinological_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: British Rhinological Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rhinological_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:18.390283+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: british-rhinological-society-20260505-0
summary:
The British Rhinological Society is a learned society that encourages education and research in topics related to rhinology, the nose, sinuses and facial plastics. From 2019 to 2022 Claire Hopkins served as the society's president. The society has approximately 300 members. == References == == External links == Official website


id: european-society-of-cardiovascular-surgery-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Society_of_CardioVascular_Surgery-0.md
category: reference
title: European Society of CardioVascular Surgery
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Society_of_CardioVascular_Surgery
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:19.596347+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-society-of-cardiovascular-surgery-20260505-0
summary:
The European Society of CardioVascular Surgery (ESCVS) is a medical society founded in 1951 in Turin, Italy. Its first president was René Leriche, first Congress held in Strasbourg in 1952 and its initial members were made up of 40 physicians representing 11 countries in Europe. It is a chapter of the International Society of Angiology, which later became the International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery. == References == == Further reading == Ostermeyer, Bircks W.; Schulte, Jörg (1980). Cardiovascular Surgery 1980: Proceedings of the 29th International Congress of the European Society of Cardiovascular Surgery. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-642-68174-5.


id: british-society-for-population-studies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Society_for_Population_Studies-0.md
category: reference
title: British Society for Population Studies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Society_for_Population_Studies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:20.798267+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: british-society-for-population-studies-20260505-0
summary:
The British Society for Population Studies is a learned society in the United Kingdom dedicated to promoting the scientific study of biological, economic, historical, medical, social and other disciplines connected with human populations. It is a member of the Academy of Social Sciences. It was founded in 1973. It runs an annual conference at a University venue in the UK, and gives various awards and grants for the furtherance of demographic study. == External links == Official website == References ==


id: british-society-of-gerontology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Society_of_Gerontology-0.md
category: reference
title: British Society of Gerontology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Society_of_Gerontology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:22.068661+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: british-society-of-gerontology-20260505-0
summary:
The British Society of Gerontology is a learned society in the United Kingdom dedicated to enhancing knowledge about ageing and later life. It is a member of the Academy of Social Sciences. == External links == Official website == References ==


id: buseck-center-for-meteorite-studies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buseck_Center_for_Meteorite_Studies-0.md
category: reference
title: Buseck Center for Meteorite Studies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buseck_Center_for_Meteorite_Studies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:23.260608+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: buseck-center-for-meteorite-studies-20260505-0
summary:
The Buseck Center for Meteorite Studies was founded in 1960, on the Tempe Campus of Arizona State University, and houses the world's largest university-based meteorite collection. The collection contains specimens from over 1,600 separate meteorite falls and finds, and is actively used internationally for planetary, geological and space science research. The Center also operates a meteorite museum which is open to the public. In 2021, the Center for Meteorite Studies was named in honor of Professor Peter R. Buseck. == See also == Nininger Meteorite Award Harvey H. Nininger Carleton B. Moore == References == == Sources and external links == Center for Meteorite Studies official website ASU Museums: Center for Meteorite Studies Map: 33°25′16″N 111°55′55″W


id: california-earthquake-prediction-evaluation-council-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Earthquake_Prediction_Evaluation_Council-0.md
category: reference
title: California Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Earthquake_Prediction_Evaluation_Council
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:24.443496+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: california-earthquake-prediction-evaluation-council-20260505-0
summary:
The California Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council (CEPEC) is a committee of earthquake experts that reviews potentially credible earthquake predictions and forecasts. Its purpose is to advise the Governor of California via the California Office of Emergency Services (CalOES). As the state geologist of the California Geological Survey, Jeremy Lancaster is currently chair of CEPEC. While it is little-known outside of the fields of earthquake science and emergency response, CEPEC has a big responsibility: The council convenes at the request of the California Emergency Management Agency (CalEMA) to decide whether an earthquake prediction or an incident, such as swarm of small earthquakes, is serious enough to merit a warning to emergency responders or even the public at large. CEPEC typically meets a couple of times a year, but is available 24–7. The members conduct a teleconference within several hours of a major temblor. From 1986 through 2016, CEPEC convened a total of 17 times to evaluate recent or ongoing seismic activity. For example, following the 2016 earthquake swarm at Bombay Beach, CEPEC released a statement to CalOES estimating that the probability of a magnitude 7 or larger earthquake on the San Andreas fault for the following week was between 0.03% and


id: can-in-automation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_in_Automation-0.md
category: reference
title: CAN in Automation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_in_Automation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:25.615570+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: can-in-automation-20260505-0
summary:
CAN in Automation (CiA)391 is the international users' and manufacturers' organization that develops and supports CAN-based higher-layer protocols. About 650 (2018) companies from all over the world have joined the non-profit organization. CAN specifications are developed within CiA interest groups (IG) in cooperation with employees of the member companies. The following IGs have been established: IG CANopen, IG CANopen FD, IG profiles, IG layer 1/2, IG safety/security, IG J1939. The interest groups manage their related special interest groups (SIG). These special interest groups (SIG) develop for example dedicated CiA specifications and recommendations (e.g. device and applications profiles for CANopen and CANopen FD). CiA representatives support many international standardization activities (ISO, IEC, CEN, Cenelec, and SAE), dealing with CAN. Moreover, CiA publishes the technical magazine CAN Newsletter (downloadable PDF-file) as well as the CAN Newsletter Online. == External links == Website of CiA CAN Newsletter Online


id: canadian-academy-of-health-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Academy_of_Health_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: Canadian Academy of Health Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Academy_of_Health_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:26.785848+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: canadian-academy-of-health-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The Canadian Academy of Health Sciences (CAHS) is one of three national academies that comprise the Council of Canadian Academies (CCA), the highest honour granted to scholars in Canada. The two other CCA academies are the Royal Society of Canada and the Canadian Academy of Engineering. The CAHS has two functions: a) To conduct assessments on urgent health matters that affect Canadians; b) to recognize individuals of outstanding achievement in the health sciences through elections to fellowship. CAHS fellows are entitled to use the post-nominal letters FCAHS (Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences). == References ==


id: canadian-institute-of-gemmology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Institute_of_Gemmology-0.md
category: reference
title: Canadian Institute of Gemmology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Institute_of_Gemmology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:28.058973+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: canadian-institute-of-gemmology-20260505-0
summary:
The Canadian Institute of Gemmology (CIG) is a non-profit, post-secondary gemmological educational institution in Canada. The C.I.G. is dedicated to research and advancement in education in the field of gemmology. Their mandate is to provide gemmology-related training to the jewelry industry and the general public. The institute is based in British Columbia, Canada, and provides classes, correspondence courses, and a variety of gemmological instruments. == References == == External links == Canadian Institute of Gemmology website.


id: canadian-society-for-the-history-of-medicine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Society_for_the_History_of_Medicine-0.md
category: reference
title: Canadian Society for the History of Medicine
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Society_for_the_History_of_Medicine
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:29.270070+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: canadian-society-for-the-history-of-medicine-20260505-0
summary:
The Canadian Society for the History of Medicine was established in 1950 at the Université Laval at the invitation of historian L'abbé Arthur Maheux. Its first president was Sylvio LeBlond. Its journal is the Canadian Bulletin of Medical History. == References == == External links == Official website


id: cea-cesta-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEA_Cesta-0.md
category: reference
title: CEA Cesta
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEA_Cesta
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:45.080325+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cea-cesta-20260505-0
summary:
CEA-Cesta or simply Cesta (French: Centre d'études scientifiques et techniques d'Aquitaine; English: Center for scientific and technical study of Aquitaine) is a research facility that is part of the Direction des applications militaires (DAM) of the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), dedicated to the design of nuclear weapons. The center was established in 1965 on the commune of Le Barp between Bordeaux and Arcachon. The center hosts the Megajoule laser (LMJ), which should enable French nuclear scientists to validate models of nuclear explosion without having to conduct nuclear testing. The LMJ is the French equivalent of the National Ignition Facility. == External links == Page of the center on the CEA's Direction of Military Applications website Official site of the Mega-joule laser


id: center-for-advanced-biotechnology-and-medicine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Advanced_Biotechnology_and_Medicine-0.md
category: reference
title: Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Advanced_Biotechnology_and_Medicine
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:46.313312+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: center-for-advanced-biotechnology-and-medicine-20260505-0
summary:
The Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine (CABM) is located on Busch Campus in Piscataway, New Jersey. It was established in 1985 to advance knowledge in the life sciences for the improvement of human health. It is administered by Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. The building was completed in 1990, and has 100,000 square feet (10,000 m2) of lab and office space. It now is part of Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences campus that was created following the merger of UMDNJ. == Affiliated staff == Aaron D. Milstein, PhD, Director of CABM Bioinformatics Program Anat Kreimer, PhD, Computational Functional Genomics Lab Mani Subramanian, Scientific Computing Specialist === Molecular Biology and Biochemistry faculty === Steven J. Brill, PhD Samuel Bunting, PhD == References == == External links == Official website


id: center-for-computational-relativity-and-gravitation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Computational_Relativity_and_Gravitation-0.md
category: reference
title: Center for Computational Relativity and Gravitation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Computational_Relativity_and_Gravitation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:47.459066+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: center-for-computational-relativity-and-gravitation-20260505-0
summary:
The Center for Computational Relativity and Gravitation (CCRG) is a research center of the College of Science (COS) and a Research Center of Excellence at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) dedicated to research at the frontiers of numerical relativity and relativistic astrophysics, gravitational-wave physics, its connection to experiments and observations, and high-performance computation and scientific visualization. Faculty members currently include Hans-Peter Bischof, Joshua Faber, Manuela Campanelli (Director), Carlos Lousto, David Merritt, John Whelan, Yosef Zlochower and Richard O'Shaughnessy. Computing facilities in the CCRG include gravitySimulator, a 32-node computer that uses special-purpose GRAPE hardware to achieve speeds of 4Tflops in gravitational N-body calculations; and NewHorizons, a 104-node Linux cluster with dual-processor (dual-core) per node and a total of 1.4 Tbytes of on-board memory. The mission of the CCRG is "to promote excellence in research and education, and to advance discovery beyond the frontiers of current knowledge in key research areas of computational astrophysics, gravitational physics, high-performance computing and scientific visualization." == References == == External links == Official website


id: center-for-embedded-network-sensing-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Embedded_Network_Sensing-0.md
category: reference
title: Center for Embedded Network Sensing
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Embedded_Network_Sensing
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:48.639755+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: center-for-embedded-network-sensing-20260505-0
summary:
The Center for Embedded Networked Sensing (CENS) was a research enterprise funded by the National Science Foundation based at the University of California, Los Angeles. CENS was established at UCLA in 2002. The group conducted research primarily in the computer science subfield of embedded sensor networks. While the core research was grounded in computer science, the applications studied spanned a large range of fields including military applications, ecology, seismology, security monitoring, and farming applications to name just a few. While it was headquartered at UCLA, the following universities and organizations also participated in CENS-led research: University of California, Merced University of California, Riverside University of Southern California The USC Information Sciences Institute California State University, Los Angeles The James Reserve NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory Caltech == References ==


id: center-for-short-lived-phenomena-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Short-Lived_Phenomena-0.md
category: reference
title: Center for Short-Lived Phenomena
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Short-Lived_Phenomena
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:49.813822+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: center-for-short-lived-phenomena-20260505-0
summary:
The Center for Short-Lived Phenomena (CSLP) was an office at the Smithsonian Institution from 1968 to 1975 designed to assist Smithsonian scientists in studying unusual short-lived natural phenomena such as meteorite impacts, volcanic events, earthquakes, and unusual ecological events such as plagues, extinctions, fish rains, and the effects of oil spill events. CSLP published a series of scientific reports on unusual phenomena, as well as a 1972 paperback collection of unusual phenomena entitled Strange, Sudden, and Unexpected: True stories from the files of the Smithsonian Institution's Center for Short-lived Phenomena (ISBN 0-590-09380-0), which covered topics including: The 1970 Ancash earthquake and mudslide on Huascarán that consumed the town of Yungay, Peru. Floating islands A short-lived volcanic island in Tonga A report on the extinction of the Kouprey, later found to be incorrect. The 1970 flood of Bangladesh. CSLP restructured in 1975, with some activities moved to other portions of the Smithsonian to become the Scientific Event Alert Network, and eventually the Global Volcanism Program. Some of its activities and data were subsequently maintained and operated as an independent non-profit entity under the Center for Short-Lived Phenomena name. CSLP was hired by Cahners Publishing Co. (since acquired by Reed-Elsevier) in 1977


id: center-for-turbulence-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Turbulence_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: Center for Turbulence Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Turbulence_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:51.004248+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: center-for-turbulence-research-20260505-0
summary:
The Center for Turbulence Research is a research consortium for studying turbulence. It is jointly operated by Stanford University and NASA, with Parviz Moin as its founding director. Established in 1987, the Center for Turbulence Research is devoted to fundamental studies of turbulent flows. The main elements of the Center are a research fellows program, a biennial summer program, seminars and conferences. CTR is known for fundamental studies in turbulent flows along with large scale numerical investigations. == References == == External links == Official website


id: centre-for-forest-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Forest_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: Centre for Forest Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Forest_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:52.153906+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: centre-for-forest-research-20260505-0
summary:
The Centre for Forest Research (Centre d'Étude de la Forêt) is a group of researchers in eastern Canada interested in forest ecology and forest management. It is a new network created with the amalgamation of two research centres that had been operating in the province of Quebec, Canada. The present structure is built around 46 scientists from eight universities in the province. Main research fields are ecophysiology, genetics, silviculture, entomology, ornithology, mycology and ecology. The research will link these disciplines with the development of innovative alternatives regarding the management of forested lands in the province. == External links == Centre for Forest Research - official site Archived 2019-10-29 at the Wayback Machine


id: study-and-documentation-centre-for-war-and-contemporary-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Study_and_Documentation_Centre_for_War_and_Contemporary_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Study and Documentation Centre for War and Contemporary Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Study_and_Documentation_Centre_for_War_and_Contemporary_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:53.324342+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: study-and-documentation-centre-for-war-and-contemporary-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Study and Documentation Centre for War and Contemporary Society (French: Centre d'Études et de Documentation Guerre et Sociétés contemporaines; Dutch: Studie- en Documentatiecentrum Oorlog en Hedendaagse Maatschappij), known by its combined French—Dutch acronym Cegesoma or CegeSoma, is a historical research institute and archive based in Anderlecht, Brussels in Belgium. It focusses on World War II and the contemporary history of Belgium. Since 2016 it has formed part of the Belgian State Archives. Its director is Nico Wouters. == History == The centre was founded on 13 December 1967 as the Centre for Research and Historical Study into the Second World War (Centre de Recherches et d’Etudes historiques de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, CREHSGM; Navorsings- en Studiecentrum van de Geschiedenis van de Tweede Wereldoorlog, NSGWO) . It was created in response to the legal acquittal of Robert Jan Verbelen, a Flemish collaborator, in 1965 as a result of insufficient documentary records. From 1969, the institution began to actively collect publications, interviews and archives relating to the Second World War. Subsequently, it began to expand the scope of its research into World War I and other aspects of contemporary history. In 1997, it was renamed the Centre for Study and Documentary


id: centre-for-military-airworthiness-and-certification-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Military_Airworthiness_and_Certification-0.md
category: reference
title: Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Military_Airworthiness_and_Certification
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:54.505437+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: centre-for-military-airworthiness-and-certification-20260505-0
summary:
The Centre for Military Airworthiness & Certification (CEMILAC) is a laboratory of the Indian Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Located in Bangalore, its primary function is certification and qualification of military aircraft and airborne systems. Some of its achievements are issuance of IOC for LCA, ALH.Clearance for Bio-ATF for AN-32. It has 14 regional centres located across the country. == References == == External links ==


id: centro-de-estudios-cient-ficos-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_de_Estudios_Científicos-0.md
category: reference
title: Centro de Estudios Científicos
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_de_Estudios_Científicos
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:55.636485+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: centro-de-estudios-cient-ficos-20260505-0
summary:
Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs; Center for Scientific Studies) is a private, non-profit corporation based in Valdivia, Chile, devoted to the development, promotion and diffusion of scientific research. == History == CECs research areas include biophysics, molecular physiology, theoretical physics, glaciology and climate change. The centre was created in 1984 as Centro de Estudios Científicos de Santiago, with a grant of 150,000 dollars a year (for three years) from the Tinker Foundation of New York City. In 2004-2005 glaciologists from CECs organized the Chilean South Pole Expedition in collaboration with the Chilean Navy and Instituto Antártico Chileno. CECs was founded in Santiago but is since 2000 housed in the recently modernized, German-style Hotel Schuster located by Valdivia River. Claudio Bunster, a physicist and winner of Chile's National Prize for Exact Sciences, is the director of CECs. In 2014 CECs discovered what would be a subglacial lake in the West Antarctica, They investigated and concluded after a year that it is a lake, which was named Lake CECs in honor of the institution. The conclusion was published in Geophysical Research Letters on May 22, 2015. The authors of the discovery are Andrés Rivera, Jose Uribe, Rodrigo Zamora and Jonathan Oberreuter. ==


id: centro-de-investigaci-n-de-m-todos-computacionales-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_de_Investigación_de_Métodos_Computacionales-0.md
category: reference
title: Centro de Investigación de Métodos Computacionales
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_de_Investigación_de_Métodos_Computacionales
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:56.817809+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: centro-de-investigaci-n-de-m-todos-computacionales-20260505-0
summary:
Centro de Investigación de Métodos Computacionales (CIMEC, Research Center for Computational Methods) is a research institute located at Predio CONICET Santa Fe Santa Fe, Argentina. It depends on the Universidad Nacional del Litoral, and on the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET). The main area of research is Computational mechanics, i.e. the application of numerical methods to various areas of engineering. The center was formerly known as Centro Internacional de Métodos Computacionales en Ingeniería. Additional information in the official site below. == References == == External links == Official site (in Spanish)


id: chartered-society-of-forensic-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartered_Society_of_Forensic_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartered_Society_of_Forensic_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:58.000213+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: chartered-society-of-forensic-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences (CSFS), formerly the Forensic Science Society, is an international professional society based in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1959 and is one of the oldest and largest forensic associations in the world. The main aim of the society is to encourage communication and collaboration by providing an arena in which forensic practitioners, researchers, academics and those working in related fields can congregate, communicate and invoke development of areas such as best practice, research, publication, quality and ethics in forensic casework. In 2004 the Forensic Science Society became a professional body, and the voice for forensic practitioners, both in the UK and abroad. As of receiving a Royal Charter in October 2013, sealed on 17 of January 2014, the Forensic Science Society was renamed the Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences. The CSFS aims to provide opportunities for practitioners, academics and interested parties to congregate, communicate and collaborate and is committed to providing opportunities for professional development. The CSFS promotes scholarship and education through its journal, one of the oldest journals in the field, Science & Justice as well as its Educational Quality Standards scheme for HE forensic science courses and CPD. == References


id: chinese-american-food-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_American_Food_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Chinese American Food Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_American_Food_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:35:59.210588+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: chinese-american-food-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Chinese American Food Society (CAFS) is an American-based organization founded in 1974 to develop relationships among Chinese-born food scientists in academia, government, and industry. Its current president is Yao Olive Li, a professor at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. Founded at the 1974 Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) annual meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana, the organization was first called the "IFT-Chinese Association," then changed to "The Association of Chinese Food Scientists in America" before changing to its current name in 1983. The first award was issued in 1983 and it was awarded to Stephen S. Chang who received the Professional Achievement Award. A Distinguished Service Award was established in 1987, and awards for graduate students and high school students were also created in 1983 and 2002, respectively. The CAFS is partnered with the IFT and its International division, and also publishes an online/electronically issued newsletter two to four times a year. In 2004, CAFS was a main supporter of the Food Summit in China event held jointly with the IFT and the Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology (CIFST) that was held in Beijing on November 7–10 of that year. At the 2007 IFT Annual Meeting in Chicago,


id: ci-ncia-sem-fronteiras-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciência_sem_Fronteiras-0.md
category: reference
title: Ciência sem Fronteiras
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciência_sem_Fronteiras
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:00.368657+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ci-ncia-sem-fronteiras-20260505-0
summary:
Ciência sem Fronteiras (Science Without Borders) was a research and exchange program established on July 26, 2011, by the Brazilian federal government to encourage scholarships for scientific projects abroad. The main objective of the program is to distribute scholarships for students of all levels in STEM related majors for international exchange programs. The goal of the Brazilian federal government in funding the program is to attract scientists from other countries to Brazil in order to stimulate research and innovation in Brazilian science and technology (S&T). The program aims to provide 101,000 scholarships by 2015. == See also == Brazilian science and technology == References == == External links == Ciência sem Fronteiras


id: cinvestav-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CINVESTAV-0.md
category: reference
title: CINVESTAV
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CINVESTAV
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:01.565198+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cinvestav-20260505-0
summary:
The Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (in Spanish: Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional or simply as CINVESTAV-IPN) is a Mexican non-governmental scientific research institution affiliated with the National Polytechnic Institute and founded by president Adolfo López Mateos on 17 April 1961, initially planned as a postgraduate department of the National Polytechnic Institute; this was later modified by President José López Portillo, on 17 September 1982. The modification by President Portillo stipulates that it is a decentralized organ of public interest, with legal personality and own patrimony. Cinvestav receives an annual subsidy by the Federal Government to fund its operations. == Organization == === Campuses === The institute is divided into 10 research centers; three of these are in Mexico City, while the others are dispersed across the country. They are located as follows: Mexico City: Zacatenco, Coapa (south) and San Borja Guadalajara, Jalisco Irapuato, Guanajuato Mérida, Yucatán Querétaro, Querétaro Saltillo, Coahuila Monterrey, Nuevo León Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas === Departments === The institute is divided into 33 departments: == World ranking == In a 2019 ranking, Cinvestav was ranked fourth within research centers in Latin America and held position


id: cireq-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIREQ-0.md
category: reference
title: CIREQ
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIREQ
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:02.822243+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cireq-20260505-0
summary:
Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Économie Quantitative (CIREQ; French for "Center for Interuniversity Research in Quantitative Economics") is a research center devoted to economics and quantitative analysis. CIREQ is financed by the Fonds québécois de la recherche sur la société et la culture (FQRSC) and by the Université de Montréal, McGill University, and Concordia University. The Center organizes conferences, workshops, and seminars. It also hosts, via visiting scholar programs, international researchers every year, for periods from one to several weeks. == References ==


id: citizen-cyberscience-centre-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_Cyberscience_Centre-0.md
category: reference
title: Citizen Cyberscience Centre
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_Cyberscience_Centre
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:03.943885+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: citizen-cyberscience-centre-20260505-0
summary:
The Citizen Cyberscience Centre (CCC) is an organization for volunteer computing formed as a partnership between CERN, UNITAR, and the University of Geneva. In August 2011, a new version of the BOINC-based volunteer computing project LHC@home began simulating the high-energy collisions of protons in CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC), with CCC's help. The Citizen Cyberscience Centre is currently hosted at the UNITAR offices at CERN. == References == == External links == Official website


id: climate-action-tracker-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Action_Tracker-0.md
category: reference
title: Climate Action Tracker
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Action_Tracker
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:05.135168+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: climate-action-tracker-20260505-0
summary:
Climate Action Tracker (CAT) is an independent scientific project with the aim of monitoring government action to achieve their reduction of greenhouse gas emissions with regard to international agreements – specifically the globally agreed Paris Agreement aim of "holding warming well below 2°C, and pursuing efforts to limit warming to 1.5°C". It is tracking climate action in 39 countries and the European Union responsible for over 85% of global emissions. Climate Action Tracker is the product of two organisations: NewClimate Institute [1] and Climate Analytics [2]. The actions it tracks are: - Effect of climate policies and action on emissions. - Impact of pledges, targets and nationally determined contributions on national emissions over the time period to 2030, and where possible beyond. - Comparability of effort against countries' fair share and modelled domestic pathways. == COP26 == Toward the end of the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26), Climate Action Tracker produced a report concluding that the current "wave of net‑zero emission goals [are] not matched by action on the ground" and that the world is likely headed for more than 2.4°C of warming by the end of the century. == References == == External links == Climate Action


id: climate-and-environment-sciences-laboratory-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_and_Environment_Sciences_Laboratory-0.md
category: reference
title: Climate and Environment Sciences Laboratory
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_and_Environment_Sciences_Laboratory
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:06.307107+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: climate-and-environment-sciences-laboratory-20260505-0
summary:
The Climate and Environment Sciences Laboratory (Laboratoire des sciences du climat et de l'environnement, or LSCE) is a French mixed research unit (UMR 8212) between the CNRS, the CEA and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, aimed at the study of climate and in particular climate change. It is part of the Institute Pierre Simon Laplace, and located on campuses in l'Orme des Merisiers and Gif-sur-Yvette. The group plays a prominent role in the framework of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and includes modellers in glaciology, remote sensing and air quality study. == References == == External links == Official site (in English)


id: climate-crisis-advisory-group-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Crisis_Advisory_Group-0.md
category: reference
title: Climate Crisis Advisory Group
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Crisis_Advisory_Group
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:07.473405+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: climate-crisis-advisory-group-20260505-0
summary:
The Climate Crisis Advisory Group (CCAG) is an independent group of scientists which advises on climate change and biodiversity, headed by Sir David King. Its goal is to "provide the global public with regular analysis about efforts to tackle the global heating and biodiversity crises". CCAG's launch statement and first report state that the Earth may have already passed several dangerous tipping points, including melting ice sheets, the slowdown of Atlantic circulation and the dieback of the Amazon rainforest, which highlight the need for speed. == Members == Members of the CCAG are scientists from multiple disciplines that are all advocates for the environment. The group was formed so that every continent (besides Antarctica) was represented. All members volunteer their time to the group. Members include: == References == == External links == List of CCAG Reports CCAG press releases CCAG Youtube channel where they stream their monthly meetings


id: coblentz-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coblentz_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Coblentz Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coblentz_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:08.610038+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: coblentz-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Coblentz Society is a non-profit scientific organization named after William Weber Coblentz which is involved in fostering the understanding and application of vibrational spectroscopy. The Society provides education, awards and recognitions enhancing the understanding of molecular (vibrational) spectroscopy. The organization was founded in 1954 and is incorporated in the state of Connecticut. Originally considered to be the Infrared Society at its founding, the Coblentz Society has expanded its technical reach into Raman spectroscopy as the technique has become more accessible to both researchers and more casual users. The Society is the oldest organization in the United States specifically dedicated to the profession and activities associated with vibrational spectroscopy. The Coblentz Society is also the infrared and Raman technical affiliate of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy. The Awards sponsored by The Coblentz Society include: The Coblentz Award is to recognize the contributions by a young professional spectroscopist to the fundamental understanding of vibrational spectroscopy The Craver Award is to recognize the efforts of young professional spectroscopists in the field of applied analytical spectroscopy The Williams–Wright Award is unique in that it recognizes the lifetime accomplishments of an industrial spectroscopist The Bomem-Michelson Award is currently inactive but was designed to recognize


id: committee-on-science-engineering-and-public-policy-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_Science,_Engineering,_and_Public_Policy-0.md
category: reference
title: Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_Science,_Engineering,_and_Public_Policy
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:09.780535+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: committee-on-science-engineering-and-public-policy-20260505-0
summary:
The Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (COSEPUP) is a committee of the United States National Academy of Sciences (NAS), the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and the National Academy of Medicine (NAM). It is chartered by the Academies to address "the concerns and requests of the President's Science Advisor, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Chair of the National Science Board, and heads of other federal research and development departments and agencies, and the Chairs of key science and technology-related committees of the Congress." == External links == COSEPUP homepage at the NAS website


id: committee-on-the-public-understanding-of-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_the_Public_Understanding_of_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Committee on the Public Understanding of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_the_Public_Understanding_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:10.995467+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: committee-on-the-public-understanding-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
The Committee on the Public Understanding of Science or Copus was founded in 1985 by the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS), the Royal Institution and the Royal Society. Copus came about as a result of the 'Bodmer Report' by the eminent geneticist Walter Bodmer. The aim of Copus was to interpret scientific advances and make them more accessible to non-scientists. It played a part in developing the public understanding of science it establishing standards for communicating science and technology The Copus Grant Schemes was set up in 1987 and the last round of grants was for 2003/4. The scheme was funded by the Office of Science and Technology and the Royal Society. 25 grants worth a total of over £750,000 were awarded in 2003/2004. In 2000 The new Copus Council was formed to be a more inclusive partnership for science communication in the UK. In 2002 following a report commissioned by the Office of Science and Technology the Copus Council was discontinued. == References ==


id: committee-on-the-status-of-endangered-wildlife-in-canada-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_the_Status_of_Endangered_Wildlife_in_Canada-0.md
category: reference
title: Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_the_Status_of_Endangered_Wildlife_in_Canada
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:12.180387+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: committee-on-the-status-of-endangered-wildlife-in-canada-20260505-0
summary:
The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC, French: Comité sur la situation des espèces en péril au Canada, COSEPAC) is an independent committee of wildlife experts and scientists whose "raison d'être is to identify species at risk" in Canada. It designates the conservation status of wild species. It was established in 1977 to provide a single, scientifically sound classification of wildlife species at risk of extinction. In the 2002 Species at Risk Act, COSEWIC was appointed as the body to identify and assess a species status. Although the status assigned by COSEWIC is not legally binding, it does report its results to the government and the public. The report is influential toward the addition of species to the List of Wildlife Species at Risk by the Minister of the Environment. == Risk categories == By December 2013 there were "686 wildlife species in various COSEWIC risk categories, including 196 Special Concern (SC), 166 Threatened (T), 302 Endangered (E), 22 Extirpated (XT) (i.e., no longer found in the wild in Canada) and 15 wildlife species that are Extinct (X). The other category is not at risk (NAR). COSEWIC provides online updated status reports on designated species. ==


id: community-programs-for-clinical-research-on-aids-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Programs_for_Clinical_Research_on_AIDS-0.md
category: reference
title: Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Programs_for_Clinical_Research_on_AIDS
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:13.361593+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: community-programs-for-clinical-research-on-aids-20260505-0
summary:
The Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA) was a program sponsored by National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States. Started in 1989, CPCRA was instrumental in some research databases being established. Research from the programs assisted the evaluation of therapies for treating HIV in diverse populations. == History == CPCRA was established in 1989 and included 15 research units. A Statistical Center at the University of Minnesota was funded from 1990 to 1997. CPCRA was one of four networks that NIH was using to conduct clinical trials that were looking to understand possible therapies for people with HIV infection. Th CPCRA network was community-based with access to diverse populations across the spectrum of HIV diseases..." The overall objective of the CPCRA is to design studies of sufficient size and duration of follow up to evaluate the long-term benefits and unintended consequences of various treatment strategies using available agents to assess long-term immunologic, virology and clinical outcomes. CPCRA trials are designed with nested sub-studies aimed at understanding the pathogenesis of HIV infection and the public health implications of its treatment. By 2001, CPCRA had 4,244 people participating in their studies, with trials underway in 17


id: computationally-advanced-infrastructure-partnerships-center-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computationally_Advanced_Infrastructure_Partnerships_Center-0.md
category: reference
title: Computationally Advanced Infrastructure Partnerships Center
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computationally_Advanced_Infrastructure_Partnerships_Center
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:14.556425+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: computationally-advanced-infrastructure-partnerships-center-20260505-0
summary:
The Computationally Advanced Infrastructure Partnerships (CAIP) Center (formerly the Center for Advanced Information Processing) is an advanced technology center at Rutgers University. The center was established in 1985 with the support of the New Jersey Commission on Science and Technology to build upon research in computer-oriented disciplines and to foster collaboration between the university and industry. The center conducts ongoing research in such fields as VLSI, machine vision, virtual reality, robotics, and software engineering. Much of the research produced by the center is of international significance. The Man-Machine Interface Laboratory has received international recognition in the academic and popular literature for its achievements in virtual rehabilitation The center has collaborated with the Department of Homeland Security and other agencies in developing algorithms for machine-assisted baggage searches, weapons detection and identification, and emergency communications. == References == == External links == Official website


id: conchological-society-of-great-britain-ireland-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conchological_Society_of_Great_Britain_&_Ireland-0.md
category: reference
title: Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conchological_Society_of_Great_Britain_&_Ireland
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:15.802628+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: conchological-society-of-great-britain-ireland-20260505-0
summary:
The Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland is a British-based learned society concerned with the study of molluscs and their shells. Founded in 1876, it is one of the oldest such societies in the world. It is a registered UK charity (no 208205) that anyone can join. It promotes the study of molluscs and their conservation, through meetings, publications, workshops, field meetings, and distribution recording schemes. == Journals == Two periodicals are published by the society: Journal of Conchology – a scientific publication issued twice a year Mollusc World – the magazine of the Society, previously known as The Conchologists' Newsletter, and issued three times a year == See also == Netherlands Malacological Society Malacological Society of London Stella Turk Arthur Erskine Ellis == References == == External links == Conchsoc.org: official Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland website


id: the-cooley-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cooley_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: The Cooley Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cooley_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:16.954268+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-cooley-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Cooley Society, also known as The Denton A. Cooley Surgical Society, was formed in 1972 by cardiovascular surgeons and fellows of The Texas Heart Institute, in honour of heart surgeon Denton Cooley. The founding president was Philip S. Chua. == References ==


id: council-of-engineering-and-scientific-society-executives-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Engineering_and_Scientific_Society_Executives-0.md
category: reference
title: Council of Engineering and Scientific Society Executives
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Engineering_and_Scientific_Society_Executives
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:18.151548+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: council-of-engineering-and-scientific-society-executives-20260505-0
summary:
The Council of Engineering and Scientific Society Executives (CESSE) is a non-profit professional organization for executive directors and executive vice presidents of science and engineering societies in the USA. Founded in 1977 and headquartered in Chicago, IL, CESSE's objective is to advance the management of engineering and scientific societies and to advance the exchange of ideas among professional technical societies in the United States and Canada. == Participating organizations == Among the organizations that are members (as of November 15, 2006) include the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Chemical Society, American Oil Chemists' Society, the American Society for Microbiology, the American Society for Quality, the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Institute of Food Technologists, the Institute of Industrial Engineers, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the National Academy of Engineering, Sigma Xi, and Tau Beta Pi. == External links == Official website


id: council-of-higher-education-turkey-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Higher_Education_(Turkey)-0.md
category: reference
title: Council of Higher Education (Turkey)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Higher_Education_(Turkey)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:19.385202+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: council-of-higher-education-turkey-20260505-0
summary:
The Council of Higher Education (Turkish: Yükseköğretim Kurulu, YÖK; also translated as Higher Education Board) is responsible for the supervision of universities in Turkey, in a capacity defined by article 130 of the 1982 constitution. The current president of the council is Erol Özvar, a former professor of the Marmara University and was appointed by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. == Organisation == On the 24 members seven are nominated by the president of Turkey, seven by the Inter University Council, seven by the Council of Ministers, one by the Armed Forces and two by the Ministry of Education. All nominations had to be confirmed by the president of Turkey. The main task of the YÖK is to receive and approve the budgets from the Universities and suggest people to a University rectorship to the president. The YÖK also receives reports from the Universities and their performances. A Higher Educational Supervisory Council supervises the universities and consists of ten members. Of the five members from the YÖK, one is appointed by the Ministry of Education, one by the Armed Forces, one by the Supreme Court, another from the State Accounting Bureau and one by the Council of State. == History == The


id: crann-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRANN-0.md
category: reference
title: CRANN
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRANN
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:20.546229+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: crann-20260505-0
summary:
CRANN, the Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, is Ireland's first purpose-built research institute whose purpose is to perform nanoscience research. It is housed in the Naughton Institute on the campus of Trinity College Dublin. Crann is the Irish word for tree. The three major research areas are Nano-Biology of Cell Surface Interactions, Bottom-Up Fabrication and Testing of Nanoscale Integrated Devices, and Magnetic Nano-Structures and Devices. It also carries out outreach to local schools. As of late 2025, CRANN was led by its director, Prof. Stefano Sanvito, along with deputy director Prof. John Donegan, and executive director Dr. Lorraine Byrne. The research teams are led by principal investigators from Trinity College and University College Cork. Previous investigators included Professors Michael Coey, John Boland, John Pethica and Igor Shvets. == References == == External links == CRANN on TCD website


id: crop-science-centre-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_Science_Centre-0.md
category: reference
title: Crop Science Centre
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_Science_Centre
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:21.768149+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: crop-science-centre-20260505-0
summary:
The Crop Science Centre (informally known as 3CS during its planning) is an alliance between the University of Cambridge and National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB). == History == The Crop Science Centre development plans began in 2015, between the University of Cambridge's Department of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agricultural Botany and the Sainsbury Laboratory. The research institute received £16.9m funding in 2017 from the UK Research Partnership Investment Fund from Research England (United Kingdom Research and Innovation) to build a new state-of-the-art building, designed exclusively for crop research, which opened on 1 October 2020. == Structure == The Crop Science Centre is based at NIAB's Lawrence Weaver Road HQ site in Cambridge. == References == == External links == www.cropsciencecentre.org


id: dalle-molle-institute-for-semantic-and-cognitive-studies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalle_Molle_Institute_for_Semantic_and_Cognitive_Studies-0.md
category: reference
title: Dalle Molle Institute for Semantic and Cognitive Studies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalle_Molle_Institute_for_Semantic_and_Cognitive_Studies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:22.966857+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: dalle-molle-institute-for-semantic-and-cognitive-studies-20260505-0
summary:
The Dalle Molle Institute for Semantic and Cognitive Studies (Italian: Istituto Dalle Molle per gli studi semantici e cognitivi or ISSCO) is a research institute in Geneva, Switzerland. It was founded in Lugano in 1972 by Angelo Dalle Molle through the Fondation Dalle Molle, to conduct research into the application of artificial intelligence to linguistics, cognitive science and semantics with the aim of developing systems for automated translation. Since 1976 it has been a part of the Faculté de Traduction et d'Interprétation, the faculty of translation and interpreting, of the University of Geneva. ISSCO is one of four Swiss research organisations founded by the Dalle Molle foundation, of which three are in the field of artificial intelligence. == References ==


id: darwin-initiative-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_Initiative-0.md
category: reference
title: Darwin Initiative
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_Initiative
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:24.147093+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: darwin-initiative-20260505-0
summary:
The Darwin Initiative is a UK Government funding program that aims to assist countries with rich biodiversity but poor financial resources to meet their objectives under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). == Establishment == The Darwin Initiative was announced by the UK Government in 1992 at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. It was established as a non-departmental public body of DETR, moving to DEFRA on its formation in 2001. In 2010 DEFRA provided annual funding of £7 Million. This will be increased during the period to 2014. == Darwin Advisory Committee == The Darwin Initiative is managed by the Darwin Advisory Committee (DAC), and currently chaired by Professor David Macdonald. The first chairman was Sir Crispin Tickell who was succeeded by Professor David S. Ingram in 1999. Ingram held the post until handing over to Macdonald in 2005. The DAC comprises experts from government, academic, science and the private sector. The DAC's Terms of Reference state its purpose to be "To advise the Secretary of State for the Environment on


id: defence-electronics-application-laboratory-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Electronics_Application_Laboratory-0.md
category: reference
title: Defence Electronics Application Laboratory
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Electronics_Application_Laboratory
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:25.266777+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: defence-electronics-application-laboratory-20260505-0
summary:
Center for Defence Electronics Application Laboratory (DEAL) is a laboratory of the Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO). Located in Dehradun, its primary function is research and development in the radio communication devices for defence applications. Its mission is development of Radio Communication Systems, Data links, Satellite Communication Systems, Millimeter Wave Communication systems == Areas of work == DEAL is developing communication systems and data links for Airawat Airborne Early Warning and Control System. DEAL is also engaged in development of image processing technologies. The Image Analysis Center at DEAL has developed image processing software for Defense Forces. The Image Analysis Center works in the following areas - Image Archival, Visualization & Interpretation tool, Classification tools, Stereo processing, Target Detection, Radar image processing, Terrain modeling & simulation, Product generation == References == == External links == DRDO 30°19′18″N 78°04′06″E


id: defence-terrain-research-laboratory-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Terrain_Research_Laboratory-0.md
category: reference
title: Defence Terrain Research Laboratory
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Terrain_Research_Laboratory
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:26.433636+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: defence-terrain-research-laboratory-20260505-0
summary:
Defence Terrain Research Laboratory (DTRL) is a laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Located in Delhi its primary function is research and development of techniques to evaluate terrains and assess mobility potential of inaccessible areas. The Defence Terrain Research Laboratory focuses on providing state-of-the-art terrain intelligence to the armed forces. == History == The DTRL's origin dates back to 1964 when a Terrain Evaluation Cell (TEC) was set up as a unit of the DRDO. The cell's objectives were to develop techniques needed for evaluating terrain and assessing the mobility potential in inaccessible areas. It became a full-fledged laboratory in 1981, and was renamed the Defence Terrain Research Laboratory. DTRL was notified as self accounting unit on 17 September 1988 == Charter of duties == To develop a reliable system for prediction of terrain characteristics and derivation of military potential of various types of terrains based on modern techniques of terrain evaluation. To develop infrastructure, competence and instrumentation in the latest techniques related to terrain research. To evolve terrain data storage and retrieval system for use by Defence services. To interact with the Services & other agencies including Universities for basic and applied aspects of terrain research.


id: delaware-mineralogical-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_Mineralogical_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Delaware Mineralogical Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_Mineralogical_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:27.613923+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: delaware-mineralogical-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Delaware Mineralogical Society, Inc., also known as DMS, is a U.S. registered tax-deductible 503(c)(3) non-profit organization located in Wilmington, Delaware, US. Its primary purpose is to promote education in the earth sciences. DMS was instrumental in the recommendation of Delaware's official mineral Sillimanite to the Delaware State Legislature in 1977. == History == The Delaware Mineralogical Society was founded in 1960. Its members have professional and hobbyist interests in geology, mineralogy, paleontology, and the lapidary arts. Some members are professional scientists and educators, such as chemists, geologists, school teachers, and college professors. Students also make up a portion of the society's membership. The club hosts educational programs, field trips, and an annual show the first full weekend in March. The monthly newsletter, The Geogram, is published every month, except July and August. The group has also published over 60 articles about specific geological topics on its website. Two of its senior members have published books on paleontology. == Affiliations == The Society is a member of two larger organizations: The American Federation of Mineralogical Societies, the Eastern Federation of Mineralogical and Lapidary Societies, Inc. DMS also has a service affiliation with the Delaware Geological Survey. The Society has an


id: dig64-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIG64-0.md
category: reference
title: DIG64
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIG64
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:29.164176+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: dig64-20260505-0
summary:
DIG64 or Developers' Interface Guide for 64-bit Intel Architecture Servers was an alliance between several leading technology companies including Groupe Bull, Fujitsu Siemens, Hitachi, HP, Intel, NEC, and Unisys. The corporation had responsibility for driving for interoperability on Itanium platforms. To do this they supported a specification, also called DIG64, that helped member companies develop better and more compelling products on Itanium processor family architecture systems. == References == == External links == DIG64 official website.


id: diligentia-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diligentia-0.md
category: reference
title: Diligentia
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diligentia
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:30.352375+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: diligentia-20260505-0
summary:
Diligentia is a learned society founded in The Hague in 1793. All reigning monarchs of the Netherlands since King William I have been patrons of Diligentia, and many members of the royal family have been honorary members. == References == == External links == Official website (in Dutch)


id: discovery-committee-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_Committee-0.md
category: reference
title: Discovery Committee
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_Committee
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:31.591476+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: discovery-committee-20260505-0
summary:
The Discovery Committee was a popular name for the Interdepartmental Committee for the Dependencies of the Falkland Islands established by the British Government to carry out scientific investigations (which became known as ‘Discovery Investigations’) and to propose nature resource conservation and economic development policies for the Falkland Islands Dependencies. During more than 25 years (1925–51) of pioneering work, the Committee's research ships Discovery (Robert Scott’s ship), William Scoresby and Discovery II collected an enormous amount of oceanographic, biological, and geographical data published in 38 volumes, contributing greatly to the knowledge of the world's southern regions. Particularly extensive was the new data related to all aspects of the island of South Georgia. Among the results of the investigations was also the discovery of the natural boundary of Antarctica, the Antarctic Convergence. == See also == Discovery Investigations History of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands == References == Robert K. Headland, The Island of South Georgia, Cambridge University Press, 1984.


id: distributed-artificial-intelligence-research-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_Artificial_Intelligence_Research_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Distributed Artificial Intelligence Research Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_Artificial_Intelligence_Research_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:32.821669+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: distributed-artificial-intelligence-research-institute-20260505-0
summary:
The Distributed Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (or DAIR Institute) is a research institute founded by Timnit Gebru in December 2021. The institute announced itself as "an independent, community-rooted institute set to counter Big Tech’s pervasive influence on the research, development and deployment of AI." In February 2023, two other members of Google's Ethical AI research group, researcher Alex Hanna and developer Dylan Baker, left Google to join DAIR. == References == == External links == Official website


id: donders-centre-for-cognition-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donders_Centre_for_Cognition-0.md
category: reference
title: Donders Centre for Cognition
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donders_Centre_for_Cognition
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:33.967718+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: donders-centre-for-cognition-20260505-0
summary:
The Donders Centre for Cognition (former Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information) is a research institute for cognitive science, neuroscience and information technology. It was founded in 1986 as an integral part of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the Radboud University Nijmegen in The Netherlands. The DCC maintains strong ties with the nearby Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (former F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging) in, among other collaborations, a highly-interdisciplinary research master in cognitive neuroscience. == External links == Official website of the DCC Official website of the research master in cognitive neuroscience


id: donders-centre-for-cognitive-neuroimaging-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donders_Centre_for_Cognitive_Neuroimaging-0.md
category: reference
title: Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donders_Centre_for_Cognitive_Neuroimaging
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:35.110324+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: donders-centre-for-cognitive-neuroimaging-20260505-0
summary:
The Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (formerly F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging) is one of the four centers which together comprise the Donders Institute. It is located at the campus of the Radboud University Nijmegen and maintains strong ties with the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics. It is named after the Dutch ophthalmologist Franciscus Donders, who was the first scientist to use differences in reaction times to infer differences in cognitive processing. Research at the centre is focussed around neuroimaging techniques such as MEG, EEG and fMRI. The centre also has an arrangement with Universität Duisburg-Essen to operate a 7T fMRI facility in Essen, at the Kokerei Zollverein, the site of the former Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex. In order to train young talent in the broad field of cognitive neuroscience, the Donders Institute has established the Donders Graduate School for Cognitive Neuroscience, which offers students an educational programme at both the Master's and the PhD level. The school is intended for students in biology, physics, psycholinguistics, behavioral studies and medicine who are strongly motivated to do research in cognitive neuroscience. FieldTrip, a MATLAB-based toolbox for the analysis of MEG and EEG data originates at the Donders Centre for


id: duke-university-institute-for-genome-sciences-and-policy-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University_Institute_for_Genome_Sciences_and_Policy-0.md
category: reference
title: Duke University Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University_Institute_for_Genome_Sciences_and_Policy
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:36.292306+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: duke-university-institute-for-genome-sciences-and-policy-20260505-0
summary:
Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy (IGSP) is an institution established at Duke University to address the many issues in science and policy that the Genome Revolution and recent advances in Genome Science are expected to create. It is located in the CIEMAS building at Duke University and houses some well known researchers in the genomics field including Huntington F. Willard, who is the director of the IGSP. In June 2014, IGSP was closed and transitioned to a new model of interrelated units. == References ==


id: earth-life-science-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth–Life_Science_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Earth–Life Science Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth–Life_Science_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:37.490316+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: earth-life-science-institute-20260505-0
summary:
Earth–Life Science Institute (ELSI) is an established independent permanent scientific research institute based at the Tokyo Institute of Technology (now Institute of Science Tokyo) in Japan. ELSI employs more than 70 scientists in disciplines ranging from astrophysics to biology, who perform collaborative research on the broad connections between the origin and evolution of planets and life. == History == ELSI was established in 2012 with a charter to build a bridge between the Earth and Life sciences by rallying researchers around questions concerning the link between the origins of planets and life. ELSI has satellite-institutes at Ehime University, Harvard University, and the Institute for Advanced Study, and is currently led by Director Yasuhito Sekine and Vice Directors Tomoaki Matsuura and John Hernlund. == Funding sources == Funding sources for the institute include a combination of support from Japan's World Premiere International Research Center Initiative (approximately $7M/year), a grant from the John Templeton Foundation to establish the ELSI Origins Network (EON, $5.6M for three years), a variety of project grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), and anonymous private donations. == Academics == === Teaching and learning === ELSI offers Masters courses through Institute of Science Tokyo


id: eastern-sociological-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Sociological_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Eastern Sociological Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Sociological_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:38.658860+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: eastern-sociological-society-20260505-0
summary:
Eastern Sociological Society is a non-profit organization with a mission of "promoting excellence in sociological scholarship and instruction". It publishes a peer-reviewed journal (Sociological Forum) and holds a yearly academic conference, the Annual Meeting of Eastern Sociological Society. The Eastern Sociological Society was founded in 1930 to promote the exchange of research, scholarship and professional information among sociologists in the Northeast. == Past presidents == Presidents of the ESS are elected for one year terms by their peers. == References == == External links == Homepage


id: enac-foundation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENAC_Foundation-0.md
category: reference
title: ENAC Foundation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENAC_Foundation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:39.874393+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: enac-foundation-20260505-0
summary:
The ENAC Foundation (French: Fondation de l'École nationale de l'aviation civile) was founded in 2012. The goal of the Foundation, as was put forward by École nationale de l'aviation civile, is to promote scientific and public interest activities in aviation, aerospace and aeronautics. == History == In 2009, the school and its alumni association organized the first edition of the aeronautical book fair. In December 2010, ENAC became one of the ICAO's aviation security training centres. After the creation of the Foundation in 2012, the first scholarships have been given in 2014, in order to promote international mobility. In 2015, the first research chair in UAV is built, in partnership with Ineo, Cofely and Sagem. The foundation is supported by GIFAS since 2017. == See also == Science and technology in France Grandes écoles == References == == External links == Official website


id: equator-irc-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equator_IRC-0.md
category: reference
title: Equator IRC
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equator_IRC
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:41.122938+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: equator-irc-20260505-0
summary:
Equator was an Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration (IRC) focused on experiences integrating physical and digital interactions, spanning six years and running over into the IPerG project. The collaboration concerned the launching of a number of "experiences", which were categorized. == Collaborators == University of Bristol University of Glasgow Lancaster University University of Nottingham Goldsmiths College University of Southampton University of Sussex University College London == Experiences == Applied Ultrasonic Sensing City Citywide Performance Can You See Me Now? Uncle Roy All Around You Curious Home Digital Care Playing and Learning Ambient Wood Domestic Environment Environmental E-Science Seamful Games Seamful Games 2 Shakra Sharing Awareness Public Performance == See also == Pervasive games == References == == External links == The Mixed Reality Lab Archived 2013-11-15 at the Wayback Machine - The Mixed Reality Laboratory at the University of Nottingham.


id: european-assisted-conception-consortium-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Assisted_Conception_Consortium-0.md
category: reference
title: European Assisted Conception Consortium
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Assisted_Conception_Consortium
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:42.256345+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-assisted-conception-consortium-20260505-0
summary:
The European Assisted Conception Consortium (EACC) is an organization whose aim is to bring together national ART regulators and practitioners within the European Union for professional cooperation and joint action. Its inaugural meeting was in Copenhagen in 2005, under the chairmanship of Angela McNab. == See also == European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology == References == European Assisted Conception Consortium (EACC)


id: european-association-for-structural-dynamics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Association_for_Structural_Dynamics-0.md
category: reference
title: European Association for Structural Dynamics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Association_for_Structural_Dynamics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:43.506941+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-association-for-structural-dynamics-20260505-0
summary:
The European Association for Structural Dynamics (EASD) is a professional body founded in 1990 to bring together members of structural dynamics community from all over Europe. == Activities == EASD oversees the organization of the European Conferences on Structural Dynamics (EURODYN) that will be held at three (or four) year intervals. These conferences shall be devoted to theoretical developments and applications of structural dynamics to all types of structures and structural materials. == External links == EASD (Official Website) EURODYN 2026 (Official Website)


id: european-association-of-geochemistry-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Association_of_Geochemistry-0.md
category: reference
title: European Association of Geochemistry
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Association_of_Geochemistry
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:44.668520+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-association-of-geochemistry-20260505-0
summary:
The European Association of Geochemistry (EAG) is a pan-European organization founded to promotes geochemical research. The EAG organizes conferences, meetings and educational courses for geochemists in Europe, including the Goldschmidt Conference which it co-sponsors with the North American Geochemical Society. == Awards == The European Association of Geochemistry gives the following awards: The Urey Medal (European Association of Geochemistry) for outstanding contributions advancing geochemistry over a career. The Science Innovation Award for an important and innovative breakthrough in geochemistry. The Houtermans Award for exceptional contributions to geochemistry made by scientists under 35 years old. Geochemical Fellows – Awarded annually by the Geochemical Society and the European Association of Geochemistry to outstanding scientists who have, over some years, made a major contribution to the field of geochemistry. == Publications == The European Association of Geochemistry publishes, co-publishes, or sponsors the following: Geochemical Perspectives – 4 issues a year Geochemical Perspectives Letters – an open access journal Elements: An International Magazine of Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Petrology – 6 issues a year Chemical Geology – 24 issues a year == References == == External links == European Association of Geochemistry homepage


id: european-brain-and-behaviour-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Brain_and_Behaviour_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: European Brain and Behaviour Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Brain_and_Behaviour_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:45.828413+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-brain-and-behaviour-society-20260505-0
summary:
The European Brain and Behaviour Society (EBBS) is a scientific society founded in 1968 whose stated purpose is the exchange of information between European scientists interested in the relationships between brain mechanisms and behaviour. It is the oldest neuroscience society in Europe. Notable past presidents include Lawrence Weiskrantz, Giacomo Rizzolatti, Marc Jeannerod, John Aggleton, Barry Everitt, Susan Sara, Carmen Sandi and Francesca Cirulli; the current president is Igor Branchi. The EBBS is a founding member of the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies. In years that there are no federation meetings, EBBS organises a stand-alone meeting. == Past and current presidents == The following persons have been presidents of EBBS: == References == == External links == Official website


id: european-council-of-applied-sciences-and-engineering-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Council_of_Applied_Sciences_and_Engineering-0.md
category: reference
title: European Council of Applied Sciences and Engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Council_of_Applied_Sciences_and_Engineering
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:46.981111+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-council-of-applied-sciences-and-engineering-20260505-0
summary:
The European Council of Applied Sciences, Technologies and Engineering (Euro-CASE) is a European non-profit organization, which groups 19 to 20 European national academies of engineering, applied sciences and technology. The organization provides a European forum for exchange and consultation between European institutions, industry, research, and national governments. The mission of the organization is to pursue, encourage and maintain excellence in the fields of engineering, applied sciences and technology, and promote their science, art and practice. == Member academies == Austrian Academy of Sciences (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften) (Austria) The Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium (Class of Technical Sciences) - (before 2009: Royal Belgian Academy Council of Applied Sciences) (Belgium) Croatian Academy of Engineering (Akademija tehničkih znanosti Hrvatske) (HATZ) (Croatia) Engineering Academy of the Czech Republic (Strojírenská AAademie České Republiky) (EACR) (Czech Republic) Danish Academy of Technical Sciences (Akademiet for de Tekniske Videnskaber) (ATV) (Denmark) Technology Academy Finland (Tekniikan Akatemia) (TAF) (Finland) French Academy of Technologies (Académie des technologies) (France) German Academy of Science and Engineering (Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften) (Acatech) (Germany) Technical Chamber of Greece (Τεχνικό Επιμελητήριο Ελλάδας) (TEE-TCG) (Greece) Hungarian Academy of Engineering (Magyar Mérnöki Akadémia) (MMA) (Hungary) Irish Academy of Engineering (IAE) (Ireland) National


id: european-latsis-prize-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Latsis_Prize-0.md
category: reference
title: European Latsis Prize
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Latsis_Prize
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:48.172824+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-latsis-prize-20260505-0
summary:
The European Latsis Prize is awarded annually by the European Science Foundation for "outstanding and innovative contributions in a selected field of European research". The prize is worth 100,000 Swiss francs and is awarded within a different discipline each year. The prize was inaugurated in 1999 by the Latsis Foundation and ended in 2012. The prize was awarded in a different scientific field. == Laureates == == See also == Swiss Science Prize Latsis == Notes and references == == External links == European Science Foundation


id: european-network-of-science-centres-and-museums-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Network_of_Science_Centres_and_Museums-0.md
category: reference
title: European Network of Science Centres and Museums
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Network_of_Science_Centres_and_Museums
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:49.415628+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-network-of-science-centres-and-museums-20260505-0
summary:
The European Network of Science Centres and Museums (ECSITE), is a not-for-profit organisation initiated in 1989. In 1991, it was formed under Belgian jurisdiction to facilitate communication and cooperation among Science Centres and Museums in Europe. ECSITE is linking science engagement professionals of over 400 institutions in 50 countries for projects, activities and to facilitates the exchange of ideas and best practice on current science issues. While many countries have national networks consistent of science centres, international networks like Ecsite, provide through their annual network conference science centre personnel to gather, share expertise, and discuss key issues. Sister networks focusing similarly on science engagement in different regional context and gather science engagement professionals are: Association of Science and Technology Centers (ASTC) Asia Pacific Network of Science and Technology Centres (ASPAC) Network for the Popularization of Science and Technology in Latin America and The Caribbean (RedPOP) North Africa and Middle East science centres (NAMES) Southern African Association of Science and Technology Centres (SAASTEC) == Projects == Ecsite coordinates and participates in collaborative projects with its member organisations with the goal of influencing the development of science engagement. These projects can be funded by the European Commission or run as initiatives organised


id: european-neural-network-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Neural_Network_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: European Neural Network Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Neural_Network_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:50.549412+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-neural-network-society-20260505-0
summary:
The European Neural Network Society (ENNS) is an association of scientists, engineers, students, and others seeking to learn about and advance understanding of artificial neural networks. Specific areas of interest in this scientific field include modelling of behavioral and brain processes, development of neural algorithms and applying neural modelling concepts to problems relevant in many different domains. Erkki Oja and John G. Taylor are past ENNS presidents and honorary executive board members. As of 2026 its president is Alessio Micheli. Every year since 1991 ENNS organizes the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN). The history and the links to past conferences are available at the ENNS website. This is one of the oldest and best established conferences on the subject, with proceedings published in Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, see index in DBLP bibliography database. As a non-profit organization, ENNS promotes scientific activities at European and at the national levels in cooperation with national organizations that focus on neural networks. Every year, many stipends to attend ICANN conference are given. ENNS also sponsors other students and have given awards and prizes at co-sponsored events (schools, workshops, conferences and competitions). == References == == External links == Official website


id: feza-g-rsey-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feza_Gürsey_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Feza Gürsey Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feza_Gürsey_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:51.700303+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: feza-g-rsey-institute-20260505-0
summary:
Feza Gürsey Institute (Turkish: Feza Gürsey Enstitüsü) is a joint institute of Boğaziçi University and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) on physics research, founded in 1983 by Erdal İnönü with the name Research Institute for Basic Sciences. It continues as the Feza Gürsey Institute, renamed in honor of Feza Gürsey. The institute is located within the Kandilli Campus of the Boğaziçi University in Istanbul, Turkey. Currently, it hosts researchers in mathematics and theoretical physics. == External links == Feza Gürsey Institute, official website of the institute (in English)


id: finnish-society-of-sciences-and-letters-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_Society_of_Sciences_and_Letters-0.md
category: reference
title: Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_Society_of_Sciences_and_Letters
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:53.006257+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: finnish-society-of-sciences-and-letters-20260505-0
summary:
The Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters (Swedish: Finska Vetenskaps-Societeten r.f., Finnish: Suomen Tiedeseura r.y., Latin: Societas Scientiarum Fennica) is a Finnish learned society for natural sciences, social sciences and humanities. It is a bilingual (Swedish and Finnish) science academy and the oldest of the four science academies in Finland. The society was founded in 1838 and is based in Helsinki. It has a total of 120 full ordinary Finnish members, excluding members who have reached the age of 67 (a member who reaches the age of 67 retains the rights as a member but leaves his or her chair open for election of a new member), and about 120 foreign members. It is divided into four sections: I: mathematics and physics, II: biosciences, III: humanities, and IV: social sciences. The society publishes a yearbook, Sphinx, and the book series Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum, Commentationes Scientiarum Socialium, Bidrag till kännedom av Finlands natur och folk and The History of Learning and Science in Finland 1828-1918. It also awards a number of prizes and grants for scientific and scholarly work. In addition to the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, there are three other academies in Finland: the Finnish Academy of Science


id: flemish-council-for-science-and-innovation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Council_for_Science_and_Innovation-0.md
category: reference
title: Flemish Council for Science and Innovation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Council_for_Science_and_Innovation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:54.256180+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: flemish-council-for-science-and-innovation-20260505-0
summary:
The Flemish Council for Science and Innovation (Dutch: Vlaamse Raad voor Wetenschap en Innovatie, VRWI), previously known as the Flemish Council for Science Policy (Dutch: Vlaamse Raad voor Wetenschapsbeleid, VRWB) is the advisory body of the Flemish Government and the Flemish Parliament for science and technology policy. The VRWB provides advice concerning science and technology policy on its own initiative or on request. It provides recommendations, conducts investigations and provides its opinion on science and technology for Flanders. Dirk Boogmans is the Chairman of the Flemish Council for Science and Innovation. In 2016, it was abolished and reformed as the Flemish Advisory Council for Innovation and Entrepreneurialism (Dutch: Vlaamse Adviesraad voor Innoveren en Ondernemen). == See also == Belgian Academy Council of Applied Sciences Flemish Institute for Scientific and Technological Aspect research (viWTA) Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO) Institute for the promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT) National Fund for Scientific Research (FWO, FNRS) Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium Science and technology in Flanders == External links == VRWI (in Dutch)


id: fondecyt-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FONDECYT-0.md
category: reference
title: FONDECYT
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FONDECYT
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:55.394787+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: fondecyt-20260505-0
summary:
The National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (Spanish: Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico), abbreviated FONDECYT, is the main public fund of the Government of Chile to promote basic scientific and technological research in all areas of knowledge. It is managed by the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT). The fund was established in 1981 and began operations in 1982. Since then it has funded more than 16,000 research projects. In 1991 CONICYT opened a second fund, FONDEF (The Science & Technology Development Fund), with the aim of promoting public–private collaboration in research and development. == Selection of projects == The program provides financial support for projects selected under three headings: Regular selection: for established researchers. Selection for the Initiation of Research: opened in 2006 for young and emerging researchers. Chilean Postdoctoral selection: for early career scientists to perform postdoctoral research in Chile. == References == == External links == Official website


id: frm-ii-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FRM_II-0.md
category: reference
title: FRM II
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FRM_II
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:56.582442+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: frm-ii-20260505-0
summary:
The Research Neutron Source Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (Forschungsreaktor München II or FRM II) (German: Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz) is a leading German research reactor and neutron source, named in honor of the physicist Heinz Maier-Leibnitz who had conducted a highly successful research program at its predecessor, the FRM I. Operated by the Technical University of Munich, it is located on its campus in Garching. == Overview == The FRM II is located in the immediate neighbourhood of FRM I, on the research and university campus near Garching (18 km north of Munich). It is operated by the Technical University of Munich. Several other universities and research institutions are taking part in the scientific use. The reactor was built by Siemens. It went critical on March 2, 2004, and reached the full power of 20 MW on August, 24. Since April 2005, it is in routine operation. The regular schedule comprises 4 reactor cycles per year, with 60 days per cycle. Highly enriched uranium in a high-density uranium silicide-aluminium dispersion fuel element yields an excellent ratio of neutron flux to thermal power. A liquid deuterium moderator ("cold source") gives a world-leading cold-neutron flux density. == Usage == The FRM II is optimized for


id: francqui-foundation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francqui_Foundation-0.md
category: reference
title: Francqui Foundation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francqui_Foundation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:57.785601+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: francqui-foundation-20260505-0
summary:
The Francqui Foundation was founded in 1932 by Emile Francqui and Herbert Hoover in Belgium. The foundation is by Royal Decree an Institution of Public Utility. The Francqui Foundation wants to encourage disinterested fundamental research. The current chairman of the foundation is Herman Van Rompuy. Previous chairmen include Mark Eyskens and Jacques Groothaert. == Activities == The Francqui Foundation makes their purpose a reality by working on four major initiatives : The Francqui Prize : In 1933, the Francqui Prize was awarded for the first time. This prize is intended for those Belgians who have made an important contribution to science and thereby to Belgium. The Prize, awarded by the King himself, has a value of 250.000 EUR. Henri Pirenne, Christian de Duve, Ilya Prigogine, François Englert, Désiré Collen, Pierre Van Moerbeke, and Marie-Claire Foblets are among those who have received this prize. The Francqui Chairs : These Chairs encourages exchanges between the different Belgian Universities. It also gives the opportunity to bring all the personalities of the discipline concerned together, and to emphasize this cooperation. Mandates : The Foundation awards a few International Francqui Professor Chairs annually. The Chairs should allow the stay of this high level foreign scientist


id: fraunhofer-institute-for-applied-optics-and-precision-engineering-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_Institute_for_Applied_Optics_and_Precision_Engineering-0.md
category: reference
title: Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_Institute_for_Applied_Optics_and_Precision_Engineering
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:36:58.926853+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: fraunhofer-institute-for-applied-optics-and-precision-engineering-20260505-0
summary:
The Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (German: Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik), also referred to as the Fraunhofer IOF and abbreviated as IOF, is a research institute of the Fraunhofer Society, located in Jena, Thuringia, Germany. Its activities are attributed to applied research and development in the branch of natural sciences in the field of optics and precision engineering. The institute was founded in 1992. == Research and development == Building upon the experience of the Jena region in the field of surface and thin film technologies for optics, the Fraunhofer IOF conducts research and development in the area of optical systems aiming at enhancing the control of light – from its generation and manipulation to its actual use. The combination of competences in the areas of optics and precision engineering is particularly important. The focuses also result in the department structure: Opto-mechanical System Design Micro and Nano-structured Optics Opto-mechatronical Components and Systems Precision Optical Components and Systems Functional Optical Surfaces and Layers Laser- and Fiber Technology Imaging and Sensing Emerging Technologies see also: thin film technology, surface physics, microstructure technology, nanotechnology, micro-optics, measurement technology, quantum technology == CMN-Optics == In July 2006, the Fraunhofer IOF


id: fraunhofer-institute-for-electron-beam-and-plasma-technology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_Institute_for_Electron_Beam_and_Plasma_Technology-0.md
category: reference
title: Fraunhofer Institute for Electron Beam and Plasma Technology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_Institute_for_Electron_Beam_and_Plasma_Technology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:00.093756+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: fraunhofer-institute-for-electron-beam-and-plasma-technology-20260505-0
summary:
The Fraunhofer Institute for Electron Beam and Plasma Technology (German: Fraunhoferinstitut fur Elektronenstrahl und Plasmatechnik, abbreviated as FEP), also known as Fraunhofer FEP, is an institution of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft based in Dresden, Germany. The institute conducts applied research and development in materials science. The Fraunhofer FEP is a member of the Fraunhofer Group for Light and Surfaces, to which six Fraunhofer Institutes belong. Its current director is Elizabeth von Hauff. == History == The institute was founded in 1991 under the leadership of Siegfried Schiller from working groups of the former Forschungsinstitut Manfred von Ardenne (Manfred von Ardenne Research Institute) in Dresden. This predecessor institute worked to develop, test, and mature thin-film technologies, and these activities continue at the Fraunhofer FEP. In 2016/17, the FEP succeeded in producing OLED electrodes from graphene for the first time. The process was developed and optimized in the EU-funded project "Gladiator" (Graphene Layers: Production, Characterization and Integration), together with partners from industry and research. In 2024, the institute employed approximately 150 people (not including students), and had expenditures of €11 million. == Research and development == One of the Fraunhofer FEP's main areas of work is thin film technology, including photovoltaics. This includes the


id: fraunhofer-institute-for-intelligent-analysis-and-information-systems-20260505-0
category: reference
title: Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_Institute_for_Intelligent_Analysis_and_Information_Systems
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:01.280588+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: fraunhofer-institute-for-intelligent-analysis-and-information-systems-20260505-0
file:
data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_Institute_for_Intelligent_Analysis_and_Information_Systems-0.md

summary:
The Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems (German: Fraunhofer-Institut für Intelligente Analyse- und Informationssysteme), abbreviated as Fraunhofer IAIS, or simply IAIS, is a research and development institute of the Fraunhofer Society located in Sankt Augustin, Germany. It focuses on artificial intelligence, machine learning and big data, for which it offers a broad range of services across various industries. == History == Fraunhofer IAIS was created in July 2006 through the aggregation of the Fraunhofer Institute for Media Communications and the Institute for Autonomous Intelligent Systems (AIS) of the Society for Mathematics and Data Processing GmbH (GMD) after the GMD had been integrated into the Fraunhofer Society in 2001. == Research == As of 2026, Fraunhofer IAIS performs research on generative AI (AI-based curation and synthesis of high-quality training data, improved reasoning skills, knowledge distillation, domain-specific adaptation, multi-agent systems and multimodality), agentic AI (specialized reasoning, edge AI agents and sovereign AI agent system, reliable agent evaluation, enterprise MLOps, and extended agent capabilities) and hybrid AI, i.e., the combination of different methods of AI. In its research, Fraunhofer IAIS cooperates with other Fraunhofer organizations (e.g., the Fraunhofer Big Data and AI Alliance, the Fraunhofer Competence Network on Quantum Computing, Fraunhofer


id: friedrich-miescher-laboratory-of-the-max-planck-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Miescher_Laboratory_of_the_Max_Planck_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Miescher_Laboratory_of_the_Max_Planck_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:02.477545+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: friedrich-miescher-laboratory-of-the-max-planck-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Friedrich Miescher Laboratory (FML) of the Max Planck Society is a biological research institute located on the Society's campus in Tübingen, Germany, named after Friedrich Miescher, founded in 1969 to offer highly qualified junior scientists in biology an opportunity to establish independent research groups and pursue their own line of research within a five-year period. There are currently four research groups studying evolutionary genetics, systems biology of development, and the biochemistry of meiotic recombination. == Profile == The Friedrich Miescher Laboratory (FML) of the Max Planck Society is a biological research institute located on the Society's campus in Tübingen, Germany, named after Friedrich Miescher. It was founded in 1969 to offer highly qualified junior scientists in the area of biology an opportunity to establish independent research groups and pursue their own line of research within a five-year period. The FML was a bold experiment by the Max Planck Society, in response to the brain drain, to place more resources in the hands of junior scientists and make Germany a more attractive research destination. == Group Leaders == The group leaders are elected by a committee of scientists from diverse areas and institutions on the basis of a public tendering


id: fritz-haber-institute-of-the-max-planck-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Haber_Institute_of_the_Max_Planck_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Haber_Institute_of_the_Max_Planck_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:03.604991+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: fritz-haber-institute-of-the-max-planck-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society (FHI) is a science research institute located at the heart of the academic district of Dahlem, in Berlin, Germany. The original Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, founded in 1911, was incorporated into the Max Planck Society and simultaneously renamed for its first director, Fritz Haber, in 1953. The research topics covered throughout the history of the institute include chemical kinetics and reaction dynamics, colloid chemistry, atomic physics, spectroscopy, surface chemistry and surface physics, chemical physics and molecular physics, theoretical chemistry, and materials science. During World War I and World War II, the research of the institute was directed towards Germany's military needs. To the illustrious past members of the Institute belong Herbert Freundlich, James Franck, Paul Friedlander, Rudolf Ladenburg, Michael Polanyi, Eugene Wigner, Ladislaus Farkas, Hartmut Kallmann, Otto Hahn, Robert Havemann, Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer, Iwan N. Stranski, Ernst Ruska, Max von Laue, Gerhard Borrmann, Rudolf Brill, Kurt Moliere, Jochen Block, Heinz Gerischer, Rolf Hosemann, Kurt Ueberreiter, Alexander Bradshaw, Elmar Zeitler, and Gerhard Ertl. Nobel Prize laureates affiliated with the institute include Max von Laue (1914), Fritz Haber (1918), James Franck (1925), Otto Hahn (1944), Eugene Wigner (1963), Ernst


id: fundaci-n-espa-ola-para-la-ciencia-y-la-tecnolog-a-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundación_Española_para_la_Ciencia_y_la_Tecnología-0.md
category: reference
title: Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundación_Española_para_la_Ciencia_y_la_Tecnología
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:04.772343+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: fundaci-n-espa-ola-para-la-ciencia-y-la-tecnolog-a-20260505-0
summary:
The Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (FECYT) (English: Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology) is a Spanish public nonprofit organization dependent on the Ministry of Science that promotes Spanish science and technology. It was formed in 2001 and among other activities, it manages the National Museum of Science and Technology. == References == This article incorporates information from the Spanish Wikipedia. == External links == Official site


id: ge-aerospace-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GE_Aerospace_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: GE Aerospace Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GE_Aerospace_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:05.955739+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ge-aerospace-research-20260505-0
summary:
GE Aerospace Research, formerly GE Research, is the research and development division of GE Aerospace. Before 2024, it was a division of the General Electric Company, which split three ways between 2023 and 2024 and pivoted to aviation. GE Global Research locations include the Global Research Center in Niskayuna, New York, established as the General Electric Research Laboratory in Schenectady in 1900 and relocated to Niskayuna in 1955 (this site is also known as the Knolls Laboratory, to distinguish it from the original Schenectady location – it is adjacent to the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory), and the John F. Welch Technology Centre in Bangalore, India, established in 2000. == Notable employees == Researchers at GE Global Research include: Ralph Alpher, cosmologist William David Coolidge, physicist Ivar Giaever, Nobel Laureate, physicist Juris Hartmanis, Turing Award winner, computer scientist Christopher J. Hardy, industrial physicist Irving Langmuir, Nobel Laureate, chemist and physicist James L. Lawson, physicist David Musser, computer scientist James Rumbaugh, computer scientist Charles Proteus Steinmetz, mathematician and electrical engineer Alexander Stepanov, computer scientist Richard Stearns, Turing Award winner, computer scientist Willis Rodney Whitney, chemist Carl Woese, biophysicist == Former locations == GE Global Research operations at all locations other than Niskayuna


id: geological-society-of-australia-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological_Society_of_Australia-0.md
category: reference
title: Geological Society of Australia
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological_Society_of_Australia
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:07.148168+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: geological-society-of-australia-20260505-0
summary:
The Geological Society of Australia (GSA) was established as a non-profit organisation in 1952 to promote, advance and support earth sciences in Australia. The founding chairperson was Edwin Sherbon Hills. William Rowan Browne was a founder of the society and was president 1955–56. == Publications == Australian Journal of Earth Sciences (AJES) – official journal of the GSA, eight issues per year The Australian Geologist (TAG) – quarterly magazine that includes technical and special features, society news, conference details, regular reports, book reviews and news from Australia's geoscience sector Alcheringa – quarterly publication of the Australasian Association of Palaeontologists Specialist Group (published through Taylor & Francis) Geoz – the GSA's electronic bulletin == References == == External links == Official website


id: geological-survey-of-belgium-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological_Survey_of_Belgium-0.md
category: reference
title: Geological Survey of Belgium
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological_Survey_of_Belgium
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:08.319099+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: geological-survey-of-belgium-20260505-0
summary:
The Geological Survey of Belgium (GSB, French: Service géologique de Belgique) is a Belgian federal research institute for Belgian geology. It is a department of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. The institute is as a resource centre and project partner which produces maps, books and databases of Belgian geology. The GSB is a member of the European Geological Surveys network. == History == The institute was founded in 1896 and includes a Documentation Center for Earth Sciences on geological and hydrogeological data and a Research and Development department. == See also == BELSPO Geographical Information System (GIS) International Union of Geological Sciences == References == Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Belgium Geological Survey of Belgium - Marine Geology Group Museum of the Geological Survey of Belgium (GSB) == External links == Geological Survey of Belgium


id: geologiska-f-reningen-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologiska_föreningen-0.md
category: reference
title: Geologiska föreningen
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologiska_föreningen
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:09.513989+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: geologiska-f-reningen-20260505-0
summary:
Geologiska föreningen is a scientific learned society founded in Sweden in 1871. The society was formerly known as Geologiska föreningen i Stockholm. == Publications == The society publishes GFF (formerly Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar), a peer-reviewed academic journal which focused on the geology, paleontology, and petrology of Baltoscandia and Northern Europe in general. It also published the quarterly magazine Geologisk Forum. == External links == Official website


id: georgia-research-alliance-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Research_Alliance-0.md
category: reference
title: Georgia Research Alliance
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Research_Alliance
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:10.666271+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: georgia-research-alliance-20260505-0
summary:
The Georgia Research Alliance is an Atlanta, Georgia-based nonprofit organization that coordinates research efforts between Georgia's public and private sectors. While the GRA receives a state appropriation for investment in university-based research opportunities, its operations are funded through foundation and industry contributions. In its first 19 years, the GRA leveraged $525 million in state funding into $2.6 billion of additional federal and private investment. The university partners include the following institutions: University of Georgia Augusta University Emory University Clark Atlanta University Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia State University Mercer University Morehouse School of Medicine == See also == University System of Georgia == References == == External links == Official site Georgia Research Alliance Archived 2012-04-18 at the Wayback Machine at the New Georgia Encyclopedia


id: german-geophysical-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Geophysical_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: German Geophysical Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Geophysical_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:11.795926+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: german-geophysical-society-20260505-0
summary:
The German Geophysical Society (German: Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft, DGG) is a german scientific association with the aim of promoting geophysics in research, teaching and application. It was founded in Leipzig in 1922 on the initiative of seismology professor Emil Wiechert, initially under the name German Seismological Society. It was renamed to its current name at the annual conference in 1924. In addition to promoting geophysical knowledge in research, teaching and application, its main tasks include geophysical public relations work, cooperation with neighboring disciplines and the promotion of young scientists. The society represents German geophysics in national and international committees and gives out various awards. Its former role as the official representative of Germany in the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics was transferred to the National Committee for Geodesy and Geophysics, which was founded around 1970. Most members are professional geophysicists; however, everybody who supports the aims of the society can become a member. Membership is terminated by resignation at the end of the calendar, in justified cases, members can be voted out by the board. == References == == External links == Official website (in German)


id: gesellschaft-f-r-angewandte-mathematik-und-mechanik-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesellschaft_für_Angewandte_Mathematik_und_Mechanik-0.md
category: reference
title: Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesellschaft_für_Angewandte_Mathematik_und_Mechanik
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:12.977597+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: gesellschaft-f-r-angewandte-mathematik-und-mechanik-20260505-0
summary:
Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik ('Society of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics'), often referred to by the acronym GAMM, is a German society for the promotion of science, founded in 1922 by the physicist Ludwig Prandtl and the mathematician Richard von Mises. The society awards the Richard von Mises prize annually. The society publishes the journal GAMM-Mitteilungen (Surveys for Applied Mathematics and Mechanics) and Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik (Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics) through Wiley. According to the statutes, GAMM aims "to maintain and promote scientific work and international cooperation in applied mathematics as well as in all sub-areas of mechanics and physics that are part of the fundamentals the engineerings count." The GAMM pursues this goal primarily by organizing scientific conferences. The GAMM's most important event is the annual conference, which takes place annually in Germany or neighboring countries and is attended by hundreds of scientists, primarily because of its scientific program. The proceedings volume (PAMM) is published every year at the conference. In addition, further conferences on specific areas from the spectrum of disciplines represented in the GAMM take place. In 1958 the GAMM and the ACM together worked out the "ALGOL 58 Report" at


id: global-environment-for-network-innovations-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Environment_for_Network_Innovations-0.md
category: reference
title: Global Environment for Network Innovations
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Environment_for_Network_Innovations
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:14.227050+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: global-environment-for-network-innovations-20260505-0
summary:
The Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI) was a facility concept explored by the United States computing community with support from the National Science Foundation. The goal of GENI was to enhance experimental research in computer networking and distributed systems, and to accelerate the transition of this research into products and services that will improve the economic competitiveness of the United States. NSF launched a solicitation for the GENI Project Office (GPO) to begin the planning phase of GENI in 2006. The network was shut down and ceased operation on August 1, 2023. GENI planning efforts were organized around several focus areas, including facility architecture, the backbone network, distributed services, wireless/mobile/sensor subnetworks, and research coordination amongst these. BBN, now Raytheon BBN, received the contract to run the GPO. == See also == Internet2 Future Internet AKARI Project in Japan == References == == External links == GENI home page NSF GENI Initiative overview. NSF GENI Project Office solicitation. Foreign, independent presentation on GENI. A news article describing GENI plans. A news article referring to GENI. Another news article Archived 2007-06-22 at the Wayback Machine regarding GENI.


id: global-research-alliance-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Research_Alliance-0.md
category: reference
title: Global Research Alliance
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Research_Alliance
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:15.397584+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: global-research-alliance-20260505-0
summary:
The Global Research Alliance is an organisation that promotes the Millennium Development Goals through research and development. It was launched in New Delhi, India in January 2003. Its guiding principle are stated as: "Undertaking large-impact projects for the benefit of society; Creating synergy by pooling the energies, skills and facilities of participants Promoting projects with high innovation content; and Developing global knowledge networks for industry and industrial sectors to enhance their competitiveness" The current leader is Raghunath Mashelkar. == References == == External links == Global Research Alliance


id: global-research-council-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Research_Council-0.md
category: reference
title: Global Research Council
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Research_Council
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:16.549015+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: global-research-council-20260505-0
summary:
The Global Research Council is a virtual organization through which the heads of national science funding agencies from several countries meet to discuss cooperation, review practices, and promote research on, and directions for, scientific funding worldwide. During its Second Annual Global Meeting in May 2013, the council endorsed an Action Plan towards Open Access to Publications based on the principles of public results for public spending, researcher awareness and education, and support through a policy of open access publishing. As of 2024, the governing board is made up of three representatives from the Americas three from Asia-Pacific region, three from Europe, one from the Middle East and North Africa, and two from sub-saharan Africa. Governing board members include: Americas: Alejandro Adem, Daniel Salamone, Sethuraman Panchanathan Asia–Pacific: Tsuyoshi Sugino, Prue Williams, Agus Haryono Europe: Katja Becker, Mari Sundli Tveit, Marcel Levi, İsmail Doğan Middle East and North Africa: Munir Eldesouki Sub-Saharan Africa: Fulufhelo Nelwamondo, Yaya Sangare == References == == External links == Global Research Council website


id: gordon-research-conferences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Research_Conferences-0.md
category: reference
title: Gordon Research Conferences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Research_Conferences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:17.790138+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: gordon-research-conferences-20260505-0
summary:
Gordon Research Conferences are a group of international scientific conferences organized by a non-profit organization of the same name, since 1931 covering frontier research in the chemical, physical and later biological, sciences, and their related technologies. The conferences have been held in the US since 1931, and have expanded to almost 400 conferences per year since 1990, including Europe and Asia. Conference locations are chosen partly for their scenic and often isolated nature, to encourage an informal community atmosphere. Contributions are off the record, with references to the conference in any publication strictly prohibited to encourage free discussion, often of unpublished research. In 1991, conferences were extended to cover science education. == History == The Gordon Research Conferences (GRC) were initiated by Neil Gordon while at Johns Hopkins University. The forerunner of the conferences were the summer sessions held at the chemistry department in the late 1920s. By 1931 this had evolved into a graduate seminar that was also attended by external participants.(subscription required) In the mid-1930s, GRC moved to Gibson Island, Maryland. In 1947, GRC moved to New London, New Hampshire, holding 10 conferences. In the 1960s, there were only a hundred attendees. GRC expanded into Massachusetts, Maine, Vermont,


id: gorgas-science-foundation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorgas_Science_Foundation-0.md
category: reference
title: Gorgas Science Foundation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorgas_Science_Foundation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:18.975017+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: gorgas-science-foundation-20260505-0
summary:
The Gorgas Science Foundation is a nonprofit foundation based in South Texas established to support conservation and education. The mission of Gorgas Science Foundation is to provide the highest quality educational opportunities, to foster greater awareness and understanding of ecological issues, and to encourage conservation of critical natural resources. == History == The foundation was started in 1947 and incorporated in 1983 by Texas Southmost College biology professor Barbara T. Warburton. The name honors pioneering research scientist Dr. William Crawford Gorgas who served at Fort Brown in the 19th century. == Rio Grande Valley == In collaboration with the Audubon Society, the foundation operates the Sabal Palm Sanctuary in Brownsville, Texas. In 1994 the Gorgas Foundation produced the 18-volume "Treasures of the Rio Grande Delta" documentary that focused on the history and habitat of the region. In 2010 the foundation published the bilingual Spanish and English El Valle: The Rio Grande Delta an exploration of the biodiversity and culture of the region. == Hummingbirds == In 2016 the foundation published Hummingbirds, by John C. Arvin, the first volume of the two-volume set book on hummingbirds. == International projects == === Mexico === In cooperation with the University of Texas at


id: heide-hackmann-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heide_Hackmann-0.md
category: reference
title: Heide Hackmann
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heide_Hackmann
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:20.179840+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: heide-hackmann-20260505-0
summary:
Heide Hackmann is the Interim Director of the Future Africa Institute and Strategic Advisor on Transdisciplinary and Global Knowledge Networks at the University of Pretoria in South Africa. Formerly, she served as the CEO of the International Science Council, an international organization of national and international science councils. == Early life == Hackmann studied contemporary social theory at the University of Cambridge, UK, and holds a PhD in science and technology studies from the University of Twente in the Netherlands. == Career == Hackmann worked as a science policy maker, researcher and consultant in the Netherlands, Germany, the UK, and South Africa. She was Head of the Department of International Relations and Quality Assessment of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. From 2007 to 2015, Hackmann was Executive Director of the International Social Science Council (ISSC), and from 2015 to 2018, she was Executive Director of the International Council for Science (ICSU). These two organisations merged, in July 2018, to form the International Science Council, of which she is the current CEO. Heide Hackmann co-chaired the Technology Facilitation Mechanism (TFM), UN group supporting the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. She is also a member of a number


id: heart-failure-society-of-america-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_Failure_Society_of_America-0.md
category: reference
title: Heart Failure Society of America
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_Failure_Society_of_America
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:21.332951+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: heart-failure-society-of-america-20260505-0
summary:
The Heart Failure Society of America is an American organization of heart failure experts who have an interest in heart function and heart failure. Founded in 1995, it provides a forum for experts and patients with the aim of reducing the burden of heart failure. It has produced advice on categorizing heart failure and it produces guidelines including the 2010 comprehensive heart failure practice guidelines when Douglas L. Mann was served as the president and the 2013 Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. In 2018, a forum was created with people of various stages of advanced heart failure and specialists in cardiology. Past presidents have included Mandeep R. Mehra, who took up the position in 2016. == References ==


id: heidelberg-academy-of-sciences-and-humanities-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidelberg_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Humanities-0.md
category: reference
title: Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidelberg_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Humanities
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:22.548574+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: heidelberg-academy-of-sciences-and-humanities-20260505-0
summary:
The Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (German: Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften), established in 1909 in Heidelberg, Germany, is an assembly of scholars and scientists in the German state of Baden-Wuerttemberg. The academy is a member of the Union of German Academies of Sciences and Humanities. == References == == External links == Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities website (in English)


id: himalayan-alpine-dynamics-research-initiative-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayan_Alpine_Dynamics_Research_Initiative-0.md
category: reference
title: Himalayan Alpine Dynamics Research Initiative
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayan_Alpine_Dynamics_Research_Initiative
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:23.771232+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: himalayan-alpine-dynamics-research-initiative-20260505-0
summary:
The Himalayan Alpine Dynamics Research Initiative (HIMADRI) involves a set of pristine sites set aside and monitored to observe the migration of plant species due to climate change. Established in 2013, the program has taken care of the gap in Indian Himalaya monitoring. == History == The idea to monitor alpine plant communities was first discussed in 1996 during a workshop in Kathmandu. Scientists began running experiments in alpine habitats to determine what a good sample method might be. In 2001, GLORIA-Europe was launched. This initial project, with 18 sites in 13 different European nations, was a way to test out the idea before going worldwide. Since the spring of 2004, GLORIA has been expanding into other regions of the world. However, the Indian Himalaya remained a gap which is being filled through HIMADRI network. == See also == Effects of global warming == References ==


id: hla-informatics-group-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA_Informatics_Group-0.md
category: reference
title: HLA Informatics Group
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA_Informatics_Group
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:24.911016+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: hla-informatics-group-20260505-0
summary:
The HLA Informatics Group (HIG) is a research group led by Professor Steven Marsh at the Anthony Nolan Research Institute that develops, runs and maintains the IMGT (immunogenetics)/HLA (Human leukocyte antigen) Database and the IPD (immuno polymorphism database). The IMGT/HLA database originated as part of IMGT and was merged with IPD in 2003. The IMGT/HLA Database is a central repository for sequences of the human major histocompatibility complex and currently contains over 5,000 allele sequences, including over 1,800 HLA-B sequences. As well as sequence information, the IMGT/HLA Database and the IPD Databases include extensive information regarding the source material that sequences are derived from. The IMGT/HLA website is the main source to know how many HLA alleles have been discovered. == References == == External links == ANRI home page Archived 2010-09-05 at the Wayback Machine HLA Informatics Group home page IMGT/HLA database homepage hla.alleles.org IPD database homepage


id: human-proteome-organization-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Proteome_Organization-0.md
category: reference
title: Human Proteome Organization
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Proteome_Organization
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:26.084370+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: human-proteome-organization-20260505-0
summary:
The Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) is an international consortium of national proteomics research associations, government researchers, academic institutions, and industry partners. The organization was launched in February 2001, and it promotes the development and awareness of proteomics research, advocates on behalf of proteomics researchers throughout the world, and facilitates scientific collaborations between members and initiatives. Ultimately, it is organized to gain a better and more complete understanding of the human proteome. == Congress == Since 2002, HUPO organizes one international congress each year, with past congresses held in Cancun in 2022, virtually in 2021 and 2020, Adelaide in 2019, Orlando in 2018, in Dublin in 2017, in Taipei in 2016 and in Vancouver 2015. == Awards == HUPO awards multiple awards each year, among them the Distinguished Service Award Translational Proteomics Award Science & Technology Award Discovery in Proteomic Sciences Award Distinguished Achievement Award in Proteomic Sciences == See also == Human Genome Organisation Human Genome Project Proteomics Standards Initiative Human Proteome Project == References == == External links == HUPO


id: ia-i-institute-of-archaeology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iași_Institute_of_Archaeology-0.md
category: reference
title: Iași Institute of Archaeology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iași_Institute_of_Archaeology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:27.276234+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ia-i-institute-of-archaeology-20260505-0
summary:
The Iași Institute of Archaeology (Romanian: Institutul de Arheologie Iași; abbreviation: IAI) is an institution of research in the field of archaeology under the auspices of the Romanian Academy. The institute was founded in 1990 in Iași, when the archaeology section of the A.D. Xenopol Institute of History and Archaeology split off. == Directors == Alexander Rubel (2011–present) Victor Spinei (2003-2011) Dan G. Teodor (1990-2003) == See also == Romanian Academy Vasile Pârvan Institute of Archaeology Institute of Archaeology and Art History, Cluj-Napoca Romanian Academy in Rome == External links == arheo.ro – Official website == References ==


id: ice2sea-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice2sea-0.md
category: reference
title: Ice2sea
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice2sea
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:28.425569+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ice2sea-20260505-0
summary:
Ice2sea was a program of scientific research funded by the European Union's Framework 7 Programme to study the effects of climate change on glaciation and the melting of ice caps and glaciers on sea level. The ice2sea project, a collaborative of 24 research institutions, which was headed by Prof David Vaughan, aimed to reduce the uncertainty in sea-level projections which are of great economic and social importance to European, especially as large areas of coastal Europe are below or less than a metre above sea level. The 2007 fourth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report highlighted ice sheets as the most significant remaining uncertainty in projections of sea-level rise. Understanding about the crucial ice-sheet effects was “too limited to assess their likelihood or provide a best estimate of an upper bound for sea-level rise”. Improved scientific results from ice2sea fed into the fifth IPCC report (2013) to generate more accurate sea-level rise projections. The initiative funded research by scientists from the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in Germany, which was published in Nature in 2012, which predicts the disappearance of the 450,000 km2 (170,000 sq mi) vast Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf in east Antarctica by the end


id: ieee-international-symposium-on-information-theory-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_International_Symposium_on_Information_Theory-0.md
category: reference
title: IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_International_Symposium_on_Information_Theory
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:29.607385+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ieee-international-symposium-on-information-theory-20260505-0
summary:
The IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT) is the flagship meeting of the IEEE Information Theory Society . Every year and during the course of a week, researchers in the field of information theory gather to share their work in a series of presentations. The main event of the symposium is the Shannon Lecture, which is given by the recipient of the prestigious Claude E. Shannon Award of the year; the year's awardee was revealed during the previous ISIT. == History == The first meeting took place in 1950, although back then it was only called "Information Theory". Claude Shannon was a major participant; he had published his seminal work A Mathematical Theory of Communication only two years before this meeting. The symposium was held sporadically in the beginning and it has become a yearly event only after the turn of the millennium. == Conferences == == References ==


id: inavsat-consortium-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INavsat_consortium-0.md
category: reference
title: INavsat consortium
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INavsat_consortium
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:30.822366+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: inavsat-consortium-20260505-0
summary:
The iNavsat consortium was a group of European companies that came together in 2004 to bid on a contract with Galileo Joint Undertaking (GJU) to run the Galileo positioning system. The group consisted of Thales, EADS and Inmarsat. In May 2005 iNavsat and its competitor Eurely consortium came up with a joint bid that eventually won the contract. After the GJU was replaced in 2006 by the European GNSS Supervisory Authority (GSA), some of the companies of INavsat and Eurely consortium regrouped into Galileo Industries, later called European Satellite Navigation Industries, to work for the Galileo project. == References == == External links == BBC article: Europe presses ahead on sat-nav iNavSat web site


id: institut-de-recherche-robert-sauv-en-sant-et-en-s-curit-du-travail-20260505-0
category: reference
title: Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_de_recherche_Robert-Sauvé_en_santé_et_en_sécurité_du_travail
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:31.979584+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: institut-de-recherche-robert-sauv-en-sant-et-en-s-curit-du-travail-20260505-0
file:
data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_de_recherche_Robert-Sauvé_en_santé_et_en_sécurité_du_travail-0.md

summary:
The Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST) (Occupational Health and Safety Research Institute) is a private, non-profit organization known for its scientific research on the prevention of industrial accidents and occupational diseases and the rehabilitation of affected workers. It was established in Quebec in 1980. Its board of directors is composed of an equal number of trade union and employers' representatives. The Commission des normes, de l'équité, de la santé et de la sécurité du travail (CNESST) provides most of the Institute's funding from the contributions it collects from employers. IRSST's mission is to contribute to workers' health and safety through research, its laboratories' expertise, and knowledge dissemination and transfer, with a view to promoting prevention and sustainable return to work. == Reference framework == As both a research center and a funding organization, the expertise of the Institut Institut is divided into 3 research orientations and 6 themes: === Orientations === Prevention of physical and mental impairments Rehabilitation and sustainable return to work OHS data surveillance and data mining === Themes === Identification of hazards, estimation and assessment of risks Elimination of hazards and control of risks Metrology applied to OHS Organization of


id: institut-f-r-nukleare-entsorgung-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_für_Nukleare_Entsorgung-0.md
category: reference
title: Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_für_Nukleare_Entsorgung
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:33.164517+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: institut-f-r-nukleare-entsorgung-20260505-0
summary:
The Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung (English: Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal) is a large German research center at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology where R&D in the field of safe disposal of nuclear waste is being provided. It is located 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) east of Linkenheim-Hochstetten. == External links == Homepage


id: institut-pierre-simon-laplace-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Pierre_Simon_Laplace-0.md
category: reference
title: Institut Pierre Simon Laplace
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Pierre_Simon_Laplace
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:34.346879+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: institut-pierre-simon-laplace-20260505-0
summary:
The Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (Pierre Simon Laplace Institute) is a French organization made up of 9 laboratories (CEREA, GEOPS, LATMOS, LERMA:TASQ, LISA, LMD, LOCEAN, LSCE, METIS) that conduct research into climate science. == Organization == The 9 laboratories that make up the institute include: Centre d'enseignement et de recherche en environnement atmosphérique (CEREA) Géosciences Paris-Saclay (GEOPS) Laboratoire atmosphères, milieux, observations spatiales (LATMOS) TASQ team from LERMA Laboratoire inter-universitaire des systèmes atmosphériques (LISA) Laboratoire de météorologie dynamique (LMD) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat (LOCEAN) Laboratoire des sciences du climat et de l'environnement (LSCE) Laboratoire Milieux environnementaux, transferts et interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les sols (METIS) == References == == External links == Official website


id: korea-basic-science-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Basic_Science_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Korea Basic Science Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Basic_Science_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:35.546445+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: korea-basic-science-institute-20260505-0
summary:
The Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI; Korean: 한국기초과학지원연구원) is a Korean government-funded research institute that conducts basic science research and relevant pure basic research. KBSI was established in August 1988 as a research institute under the National Research Council of Science and Technology of Korea. Headquarters are located in Daejeon and Cheongju while nine regional centers are located in eight domestic cities. == KBSI presidents == Kim Hyeonnam (김현남), 1988–1991 Kang Bakgwang (강박광), 1991–1993 Bak Byeonggwon (박병권), 1993–1994 Choe Deokin (최덕인), 1995–1998 Lee Jeongsun (이정순), 1998–2005 (KBSI cites Lee as 5th and 6th presidency) Kang Sinwon (강신원), 2005–2008 Park Juntaek (박준택), 2008–2012 (KBSI cites Park as 8th and 9th presidency) Chung Kwang Hwa (정광화), 2013–2016 Lee Kwang Sik (이광식), 2016–2019 Shin Hyung-Shik (신형식), 2019–2023 Yang Sung-kwang (양성광), 2023-current == References == == External links == Official website (English and Korean)


id: institute-for-complex-adaptive-matter-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Complex_Adaptive_Matter-0.md
category: reference
title: Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Complex_Adaptive_Matter
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:36.740547+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: institute-for-complex-adaptive-matter-20260505-0
summary:
The Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter (ICAM) is an international multicampus collective of scientists studying emergent phenomena in biology, chemistry and physics and in wider context. ICAM was founded in December 1998 at the Los Alamos National Laboratory with support from the University of California by experimental condensed matter physicist Zack Fisk and theoretical physicist David Pines, receiving support from the University of California Office of the Present, ICAM member branches all over the world, the US National Science Foundation from 2003-2013, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation for QuantEmX Fellows from 2015–present. == External links == ICAM-I2CAM web site Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Web site


id: institute-for-micro-process-engineering-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Micro_Process_Engineering-0.md
category: reference
title: Institute for Micro Process Engineering
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Micro_Process_Engineering
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:37.923601+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: institute-for-micro-process-engineering-20260505-0
summary:
The Institute for Micro Process Engineering IMVT (from the German name Institut für Mikroverfahrenstechnik) is an institute within the Karlsruhe Research Center (Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe) in Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. Its main field of activity is micro process engineering, the science of conducting chemical and/or physical processes in confines with typical dimensions below 1 mm. == History and organization == The IMVT was formally established in July 2001 and continued previous activities in micro process engineering carried out by the Central Experimentation Department (Hauptabteilung Versuchstechnik, HVT) at the Karlsruhe Research Center. Its first director was Klaus Schubert. Between 1997 and 2001 the first activities, which were focused on developing and testing micro heat exchangers, were expanded by a new group (Head: Maximilian Fichtner) to chemical process engineering in microchannels, with a focus on fuel processing (methanol steam reforming, partial oxidation of methane), synthesis of chemicals and fundamental studies on new types of micro heat exchangers and heterogeneous catalysis under dynamic reaction conditions and in the Knudsen regime. In 2001, the entire activity was turned into a new institute, the IMVT. Professor Roland Dittmeyer assumed control of the institute in July 2009. The IMVT operates within the programs "Nano- and Microsystems" and "Sustainability and


id: institute-for-nuclear-research-and-nuclear-energy-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Nuclear_Research_and_Nuclear_Energy-0.md
category: reference
title: Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Nuclear_Research_and_Nuclear_Energy
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:39.088695+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: institute-for-nuclear-research-and-nuclear-energy-20260505-0
summary:
Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE) of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is the leading center for research and application of the nuclear physics in Bulgaria. The research areas include: Theory of the elementary particles, string theory, theory of atomic nuclei, soliton interactions and quantum phenomena Experimental physics of the elementary particles Gamma-astrophysics at very high energies Nuclear reactions, structure of atomic nuclei Neutron interactions and cross sections, physics of the fission Reactor physics, nuclear energy and nuclear safety and security Dosimetry and radiation safety Monitoring and management of the environment, radioecology Radiochemistry, high precision analyses of substances, development and production of radioactive sources Nuclear and neutron methods for investigations of substances Nuclear instrument design and production The institute's staff of about 320 (150 of them are scientific researchers) works in 16 laboratories, 2 scientific experimental facilities and 9 departments providing general support activities. == References == == External links == Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy


id: institute-for-operations-research-and-the-management-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Operations_Research_and_the_Management_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Operations_Research_and_the_Management_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:40.286280+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: institute-for-operations-research-and-the-management-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) is an international society for practitioners in the fields of operations research (O.R.), management science, and analytics. It was established in 1995 with the merger of the Operations Research Society of America (ORSA) and The Institute of Management Sciences (TIMS). The INFORMS Roundtable includes institutional members from operations research departments at major organizations. INFORMS administers the honor society Omega Rho. == See also == Institute of Industrial Engineers == References == == Further reading == Chile wins international prize for the development of analytical tools against the pandemic Vishal Gupta Awarded INFORMS Wagner Prize for System to Curb COVID Spread in Greece == External links == INFORMS homepage


id: institute-of-biochemistry-molecular-biology-and-biotechnology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Biochemistry,_Molecular_Biology_and_Biotechnology-0.md
category: reference
title: Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Biochemistry,_Molecular_Biology_and_Biotechnology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:41.412857+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: institute-of-biochemistry-molecular-biology-and-biotechnology-20260505-0
summary:
The Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IBMBB), Sri Lanka, is the National Node for European Molecular Biology Network (EMBnet) and is designated as a Resource Centre for Molecular Life Sciences by the International Programme in Chemical Sciences, University of Uppsala, Sweden. == References == == External links == Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Archived 2010-10-01 at the Wayback Machine


id: institute-of-cardiology-of-the-ministry-of-health-of-azerbaijan-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Cardiology_of_the_Ministry_of_Health_of_Azerbaijan-0.md
category: reference
title: Institute of Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of Azerbaijan
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Cardiology_of_the_Ministry_of_Health_of_Azerbaijan
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:42.565561+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: institute-of-cardiology-of-the-ministry-of-health-of-azerbaijan-20260505-0
summary:
Scientific Research Institute of Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası Səhiyyə Nazirliyinin Elmi-Tədqiqat Kardiologiya instututu) named in honor of the academician Jahangir Abdullayev is an institute in Baku, Azerbaijan. It is primarily focused on scientific researchs on cardiology. The Institute is directed by Gulnaz Dadashova. == History == In 1979, the Institute was opened by the initiative of Heydar Aliyev. In 2019, a scientific and practical conference was held in Baku to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the Institute of Cardiology. In 2024, "Abacus Audit And Consulting" LLC became a winner of request for quotations for the audit of financial statements concluded by Institute of Cardiology. In 2024, an Angiography Department opened at the Institute of Cardiology. == References ==


id: institute-of-molecular-pathology-and-immunology-of-the-university-of-porto-20260505-0
category: reference
title: Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto
tags: science, encyclopedia
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:58.334878+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: institute-of-molecular-pathology-and-immunology-of-the-university-of-porto-20260505-0
file:
data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Molecular_Pathology_and_Immunology_of_the_University_of_Porto-0.md

summary:
The Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, best known by its acronym IPATIMUP (Portuguese: Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto), is a Portuguese non-profit institution of public utility dedicated to the health sciences research. An associate laboratory of the University of Porto, Porto, starting on November 23, 2000, it has been headed by Portuguese researcher Manuel Sobrinho Simões who was empowered with the task of founding it. IPATIMUP's major lines of action are the prevention and early diagnosis of stomach cancer or precocious lesions, and diagnosis quality improvement of malignant neoplasia and pre-malignant lesions. The numerous published papers and important results related to gastric and esophagical cancer make this one of the (if not the) top-level cancer-related research institutions in Portugal and in Europe. But as a scientific teaching-associated institution, its main goals also are: Research in human pathology, specifically oncobiology (cancer); Training of graduate students, technicians, residents and specialists in Pathology; Share of scientific knowledge and teaching of undergraduate students; Providing sophisticated diagnostic expertise in the covered research fields covered - Pathology, Oncobiology and Population Genetics. == References == "IPATIMUP". Retrieved 2007-01-20. == See also == Science and technology in

source_url:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Molecular_Pathology_and_Immunology_of_the_University_of_Porto


id: institute-of-predictive-and-personalized-medicine-of-cancer-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Predictive_and_Personalized_Medicine_of_Cancer-0.md
category: reference
title: Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Predictive_and_Personalized_Medicine_of_Cancer
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:37:59.495882+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: institute-of-predictive-and-personalized-medicine-of-cancer-20260505-0
summary:
The Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC) (Barcelona) is located in Badalona as a research institute set up by the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), the City Council of Badalona, the Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), The Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP) and the Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (FIICSGTiP). The IMPCC is adjacent to the Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol. The mission of the IMPPC is to identify the molecular patterns that are predictors of the development of a cancer and can inform its personalized treatment. == References == == External links == IMPPC home page. FIICSGTiP home page.


id: institutum-canarium-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutum_Canarium-0.md
category: reference
title: Institutum Canarium
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutum_Canarium
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:00.702931+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: institutum-canarium-20260505-0
summary:
Institutum Canarium (IC) is an academic association founded in 1969 concerned with the cultural history of the Canary Islands and the neighbouring cultures of the Mediterranean region. The headquarters are in Vienna. It publishes two periodicals: Almogaren IC-Nachrichten It is a member of the International Federation of Rock Art Organizations. == Medal Dominik Wölfel == The organisation gives out the Dominik-Wölfel-Medaille, an award named after Dominik Josef Wölfel (1888–1963), explorer of the cultures of North Africa and the Canary Islands. Prize winners include: 2001 José Manuel Alamo González 2003 Fred Olsen == References == == External links == Official website


id: instruments-research-and-development-establishment-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_Research_and_Development_Establishment-0.md
category: reference
title: Instruments Research and Development Establishment
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_Research_and_Development_Establishment
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:01.902880+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: instruments-research-and-development-establishment-20260505-0
summary:
The Instruments Research & Development Establishment (IRDE) is a laboratory of the Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO). Located in Dehradun, its primary function is research and development in the field of optical and electro-optical instrumentation. Their objective is to develop products like night vision devices, electro-optical surveillance and fire control systems. == Projects == === Holographic sight === The IRDE has developed holographic sights which are manufactured by India Optel's Ordnance Factory Dehradun, and have a range of up to 300 m. The Indian Army has already put in a demand for 20,000 holographic device units, while the National Security Guards has shown interest in the device and requested some units in 2008. === Laser-guided anti-tank guided missile === In 2020, IRDE was among other DRDO laboratories that jointly developed an indigenous laser-guided anti-tank guided missile that can be fired from an Arjun main battle tank. === Anti-drone system === In 2021, IRDE was among other DRDO laboratories that jointly developed with Bharat Electronics a fully indigenous anti-drone system that has been acquired by all three branches of the Indian Armed Forces. ==== Drone detection and tracking system ==== Due to constant threat of UAV attacks, IRDE is working


id: inter-agency-space-debris-coordination-committee-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-Agency_Space_Debris_Coordination_Committee-0.md
category: reference
title: Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-Agency_Space_Debris_Coordination_Committee
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:03.025145+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: inter-agency-space-debris-coordination-committee-20260505-0
summary:
The Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) is an inter-governmental forum whose aim is to co-ordinate efforts to deal with debris in orbit around the Earth founded in 1993. The primary purposes of the IADC is information exchange on space debris research activities, facilitating opportunities for joint research, and reviewing progress of ongoing activities. All of these are designed to support identification of space debris mitigation options. == Debris mitigation guidance == In March 2020, the organization has developed recommendations that each program or project establish and document a feasible Space Debris Mitigation Plan. The plan should include the following items: A management plan addressing space debris mitigation activities A plan for the assessment and mitigation of risks related to space debris, including applicable standards The measures minimising the hazard related to malfunctions that have a potential for generating space debris A plan for disposal of the spacecraft and/or orbital stages at end of mission Justification of choice and selection when several possibilities exist Compliance matrix addressing the recommendations of these Guidelines == Members == Members of the IADC include: Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) China National Space Administration (CNSA) Canadian Space Agency (CSA) German Aerospace


id: interamerican-network-of-academies-of-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterAmerican_Network_of_Academies_of_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: InterAmerican Network of Academies of Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterAmerican_Network_of_Academies_of_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:04.367865+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: interamerican-network-of-academies-of-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The InterAmerican Network of Academies of Sciences (IANAS) is a regional network made up of National Academy of Sciences from the nations in the Americas. It was founded in 2004 as an organization utilizing science diplomacy to "build scientific and technological capacities and strengthen relationships among the countries of the Americas as a tool for societal development." The creation of the organization was in part inspired by the InterAcademy Panel (IAP), to function as a regional network in the manner of the Network of African Science Academies (previously founded with help from the IAP). Support also came from the Organization of American States and the Inter-American Development Bank for the creation of IANAS. The IAP continues to be its principal source of financial support. Current co-chairs are Helena B. Nader, President of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences and Karen B. Strier, member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. == Mission == The purpose of the network is to connect and develop the scientific community and institutions in each country, and thus to contribute to sustainable development and help build research capacity . Its main objectives are: 1. "To help improve national scientific capacities, especially as a tool for societal


id: interdisciplinary-association-for-population-health-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdisciplinary_Association_for_Population_Health_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Interdisciplinary Association for Population Health Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdisciplinary_Association_for_Population_Health_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:05.553969+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: interdisciplinary-association-for-population-health-science-20260505-0
summary:
The Interdisciplinary Association for Population Health Science (abbreviated IAPHS) is an interdisciplinary membership organization dedicated to research in population health. It was incorporated as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization in 2015, and was officially launched on September 19, 2016. Its inaugural president was Sandro Galea (Boston University), who was elected in 2016. Galea served as president of the IAPHS until he was succeeded in 2017 by current president Bruce Link (University of California, Riverside). In 2016, David Nash of Thomas Jefferson University wrote, "What is fascinating about [the IAPHS] is its commitment to an interdisciplinary population-based approach to health and healthcare. From IAPHS's perspective, population health means everything from improving children's lives to help them become healthy adults, to building healthier community environments, and even to changing discriminatory policies in the public sector." == References == == External links == Official website


id: international-academy-of-cytology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Academy_of_Cytology-0.md
category: reference
title: International Academy of Cytology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Academy_of_Cytology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:06.704795+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-academy-of-cytology-20260505-0
summary:
The International Academy of Cytology (IAC) is a scientific global NGO for cytopathologists and cytologists. The IAC's goals are the advancement of cytopathology and cytology and it promotes research, education and collaboration within the field. == History == The IAC was founded in 1957 in Brussels by a committee of 27 individuals from 19 countries. George N. Papanicoloau was installed as Honorary President. The IAC's first president was Dr. Hans-Klaus Zinser The original name was International Academy of Gynecological Cytology, the IAC renamed itself International Academy of Cytology in 1961 to reflect advances in other fields. == Structure == The IAC is an international umbrella association working together with over 50 national cytology associations including the American Society of Cytopathology, the Società Italiana di Anatomia Patologica e Citologia Diagnostica, the Academía Mexicana de Citopatológica and the European Federation of Cytology Societies. The current president is Fernando Schmitt, Professor of Pathology at the Medical Faculty of University of Porto, Head of Molecular Pathology Unit at IPATIMUP, Director of RISE (Health Research Network). == Publications == The IAC issues the journal Acta Cytologica at the publishing house Karger. The Acta Cytologica was founded by George L. Wied in 1957, the founding year


id: international-academy-of-the-history-of-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Academy_of_the_History_of_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: International Academy of the History of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Academy_of_the_History_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:07.943001+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-academy-of-the-history-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
The International Academy of the History of Science (French: Académie Internationale d'Histoire des Sciences) is a membership organization for historians of science. The Academy was founded on 17 August 1928 at the Congress of Historical Science by Aldo Mieli, Abel Rey, George Sarton, Henry E. Sigerist, Charles Singer, Karl Sudhoff, and Lynn Thorndike. == Publications == Archives internationales d'histoire des sciences, formerly Archivio di storia della scienza and then Archeion, is an international academic journal of the history of science now published by the International Academy of the History of Science. The journal is published twice yearly and its chief editor, since 2018, is Michela Malpangotto. The content is published in six languages: English, French, Italian, German, Russian, and Spanish. Issues are distributed in print and online by Brepols. The journal was founded as Archivio di storia della scienza by Aldo Mieli in 1919, renamed Archeion in 1927, and edited by Mieli from its founding in 1919 until its closure, due to wartime political pressures on Mieli, in 1943. The journal was revived in 1947 as Archives internationales d'histoire des sciences. Its early history was notable for its commitment to political internationalism and for its role in the establishment of


id: international-arctic-research-center-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Arctic_Research_Center-0.md
category: reference
title: International Arctic Research Center
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Arctic_Research_Center
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:09.163522+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-arctic-research-center-20260505-0
summary:
The International Arctic Research Center, or IARC, established in 1999, is a research institution focused on integrating and coordinating study of Climate change in the Arctic. The primary partners in IARC are Japan and the United States. Participants include organizations from Canada, China, Denmark, Germany, Japan, Norway, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. == Overview == The center is located at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, in the Syun-Ichi Akasofu Building. The Keith B. Mather Library is the science library housed in the Akasofu Building, serving IARC and the Geophysical Institute of UAF. The building also houses the UAF atmospheric sciences department, the Center for Global Change and the Fairbanks forecast office of the National Weather Service. Study projects are focused within four major themes: Arctic ocean models and observation Arctic atmosphere: feedbacks, radiation, and weather analysis Permafrost/Frozen soil models and observations Arctic biota/vegetation (ecosystem models) IARC is devoting specific effort to answering the following three questions: To what extent is climate change due to natural vs man-made causes? What parameters, processes and interactions are needed to understand and predict future climate change? What are the likely impacts of climate change? == References == == External links ==


id: international-association-for-analytical-psychology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_for_Analytical_Psychology-0.md
category: reference
title: International Association for Analytical Psychology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_for_Analytical_Psychology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:10.384486+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-association-for-analytical-psychology-20260505-0
summary:
The International Association for Analytical Psychology (IAAP) is the international accrediting and regulatory body for all societies and groups of analytical psychology practitioners, trainees, and affiliates. Analytical psychology was founded by Carl Gustav Jung. The association is based in Zurich and was founded in 1955 by Jung and a group of international analysts. It has member associations and affiliates in 58 countries. == Objectives == The main objectives of the IAAP are to advance the understanding and utility of analytical psychology worldwide, and to ensure that the highest professional, scientific and ethical standards are maintained in the training and practice of analytical psychologists among its member groups. == See also == Society of Analytical Psychology British Psychotherapy Foundation == References == == External links == Official website International Association for Jungian Studies


id: international-association-for-jungian-studies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_for_Jungian_Studies-0.md
category: reference
title: International Association for Jungian Studies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_for_Jungian_Studies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:11.496217+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-association-for-jungian-studies-20260505-0
summary:
Formed in 2002, the International Association for Jungian Studies (IAJS) is a learned society for Jungian scholars and clinicians. == Background == The IAJS differs in its focus from the international Jungian organisation, the International Association for Analytical Psychology (IAAP), in that the IAAP is a professional regulatory body for member societies and developing groups of clinicians, and those in training, whereas the IAJS concentrates on professional or scholarly interest in Jungian and post-Jungian theory. Both are open to clinicians, scholars, scientists, clergy, artists, and others. The IAJS organises semi-annual to annual conferences, at which academic papers are presented. The IAJS formerly had a stake in the Jungian journal Harvest, until it was announced in February 2007 that IAJS had amicably parted with Harvest and would be publishing the International Journal for Jungian Studies. As of July 2006, the IAJS had 408 members from various countries around the world. == See also == Carl Jung Depth Psychology == External links == International Association for Jungian Studies International Journal for Jungian Studies (Official) International Journal for Jungian Studies (Publisher) International Association for Analytical Psychology


id: international-association-for-relationship-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_for_Relationship_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: International Association for Relationship Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_for_Relationship_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:12.689757+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-association-for-relationship-research-20260505-0
summary:
The International Association for Relationship Research (IARR) is an international, interdisciplinary learned society dedicated to promoting research on personal relationships. It was formed in 2004 from the merger of the International Network on Personal Relationships (INPR) and the International Society for the Study of Personal Relationships (ISSPR). Its official peer-reviewed journals are Personal Relationships and the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. IARR also sponsors the Advances in Personal Relationships book series and publishes a newsletter called Relationship Research News. == Organizational aims == IARR proclaims a commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion and also to expanding access to researchers and research populations beyond Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic (WEIRD) nations, as a way of better understanding relationship processes. According to the organization's website (as of May 8, 2024), "it is imperative that the experiences of diverse people and relationship styles and structures are understood through the lens of a myriad of cultures and disciplines." The organization further states that, "Geographical, linguistic, and cultural diversity are essential for understanding how interpersonal relationships are experienced across the globe." == Past conferences == == References == == External links == Official website


id: international-association-of-mathematical-physics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_of_Mathematical_Physics-0.md
category: reference
title: International Association of Mathematical Physics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_of_Mathematical_Physics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:13.882503+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-association-of-mathematical-physics-20260505-0
summary:
The International Association of Mathematical Physics (IAMP) was founded in 1976 to promote research in mathematical physics. It brings together research mathematicians and theoretical physicists, including students. The association's ordinary members are individual researchers, although associate membership is available to organizations and companies. The IAMP is governed by an executive committee elected by the ordinary members. The association sponsors the International Congress on Mathematical Physics (ICMP), which takes place every three years, and it also supports smaller conferences and workshops. There is a quarterly news bulletin. IAMP currently awards two kinds of research prizes in mathematical physics at its triannual meetings, the Henri Poincaré Prize (created in 1997) and the Early Career Award (created in 2009). == List of presidents == The presidents of the IAMP since its foundation were: 2024–: Kasia Rejzner 2021–23: Bruno Nachtergaele 2015–20: Robert Seiringer 2012–14: Antti Kupiainen 2009–11: Pavel Exner 2006–08: Giovanni Gallavotti 2003–05: David Brydges 2000–02: Herbert Spohn 1997–99: Elliott Lieb 1991–96: Arthur Jaffe 1988–90: John R. Klauder 1985–87: Konrad Osterwalder 1982–84: Elliott Lieb 1979–81: Huzihiro Araki 1976–78: Walter Thirring == Prizes awarded by IAMP == === Henri Poincaré Prize === The Henri Poincaré Prize is sponsored by the Daniel Iagolnitzer Foundation to recognize


id: international-bulb-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Bulb_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: International Bulb Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Bulb_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:15.048475+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-bulb-society-20260505-0
summary:
The International Bulb Society was founded on May 31, 1933 and is an international society dedicated to informing the public about the science, cultivation, conservation and botany of geophytic plants, commonly known as bulbs. It began in 1933 as the American Amaryllis Society, publishing its first yearbook (Year Book, American Amaryllis Society) in 1934. One of its founders was Hamilton Traub, who edited the yearbook in its early days. Two years later (1936) the title was changed to Herbertia. Later the society was renamed the American Plant Life Society, and its yearbook was called Plant Life. Amaryllis Year Book. In 1984 Plant Life became Herbertia again. The society became inactive in January 2014. == Awards == The Herbert Medal - the society awards this medal to people who have made outstanding contributions to the study of geophytic plants. The Hamilton P. Traub Outstanding Service Award - the society awards this medal to persons who provide outstanding service to the society. == Publications == Series 1, Vols. 3–15, 1936–48; Series 2, Vols. 16–26, 1949–59; vol. 40-, 1984- == References == == External links == International Bulb Society "Under construction"** IBS. "International Bulb Society". Archived from the original on 13 August 2013.


id: international-centre-for-hydrogen-energy-technologies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Centre_for_Hydrogen_Energy_Technologies-0.md
category: reference
title: International Centre for Hydrogen Energy Technologies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Centre_for_Hydrogen_Energy_Technologies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:16.186735+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-centre-for-hydrogen-energy-technologies-20260505-0
summary:
The International Centre for Hydrogen Energy Technologies (ICHET) was a project of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). Its role was to support, demonstrate and promote viable implementations of hydrogen energy technologies with the aims of enhancing future economic development, particularly in emerging countries. Founded through a Trust Fund Agreement signed between UNIDO and the Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources in 2003 in Vienna, ICHET started operation in 2004 and closed down in December 2012. For the rest of the 2010s hydrogen was hardly in Turkey’s energy policy. == See also == == References == == Sources == Independent Mid-Term Review of the UNIDO Project: Establishment and operation of the International Centre for Hydrogen Energy Technologies (ICHET), TF/INT/03/002 Archived 2010-06-01 at the Wayback Machine United Nations Industrial Development Organization - Europe and NIS Programme in Action 2009 Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine


id: international-centre-for-low-dose-radiation-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Centre_for_Low_Dose_Radiation_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: International Centre for Low Dose Radiation Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Centre_for_Low_Dose_Radiation_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:17.359397+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-centre-for-low-dose-radiation-research-20260505-0
summary:
The International Centre for Low Dose Radiation Research (ICLDRR) was established at the University of Ottawa, in 1997, with national and international support. The ICLDRR assembles all published data and conducts analyses concerning the effects of low doses of radiation on humans and in the environment. ICLDRR's main focus is to contribute to clarifying whether low and very low doses of ionizing radiation increase the risk of cancer. To that end, the ICLDRR has assembled and analysed virtually all published data on cancer induction in laboratory animals by low doses of ionizing radiation, and published initial findings at specialized international conferences, since 1998. The foremost contribution of the ICLDRR is the setup of a radiation low-dose mammal-experiment database. Their results have been used in support of the radiation hormesis hypothesis, wherein low-dose radiation may actually be beneficial for health. They were quoted in a famous report by the French Academies as evidence that this effect takes place in 40% of low-dose animal experiments. The work at ICLDRR is funded by several actors of the nuclear industry such as the United States Department of Energy, Électricité de France, Cogema Resources, Inc. (Canada) or the Central Research Institute of the Electric Power


id: international-committee-for-coal-petrology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Committee_for_Coal_Petrology-0.md
category: reference
title: International Committee for Coal Petrology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Committee_for_Coal_Petrology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:18.582574+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-committee-for-coal-petrology-20260505-0
summary:
The International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP) is an organization that deals with coal petrology and organic petrology. It was founded in 1951. The 200 scientists working for the ICCP seek to develop standardized nomenclature and classification systems that help identify organic constituents in coal and sedimentary organic matter. Such systems, one of which is the 'System 1994' are used in coal petrography and organic petrology research. The ICCP is an affiliate organization of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). Annual meetings and other activities of the ICCP are hosted by various research institutions in Europe. In 2015, the annual meeting was hosted by GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. Further meetings took place in Bucharest, Romania (2017), The Hague, Netherlands (2019), Prague, Czech Republic (2021), Patras, Greece (2023), and Oviedo, Spain (2024). The 2026 meeting is planned to take place in Porto/Lisbon, Portugal. == References ==


id: international-committee-on-anthropogenic-soils-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Committee_on_Anthropogenic_Soils-0.md
category: reference
title: International Committee on Anthropogenic Soils
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Committee_on_Anthropogenic_Soils
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:19.724688+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-committee-on-anthropogenic-soils-20260505-0
summary:
The International Committee on Anthropogenic Soils (ICOMANTH) was a committee active between 1995 and 2013 concerned with classifying soils derived from human activity. According to the National Resources Conservation Service, the committee’s major contribution was "improving technical standards used to describe anthropogenic soils and defining the taxa to classify them". When it was founded, the committee chair was Dr. Ray Bryant, but due to career-related changes, he was succeeded by Dr. John Galbraith in 2004. The committee was considered to have completed its task by the NRCS, and several proposed changes were added to the soil taxonomy in 2014. == References == == External links == ICOMANTH home page


id: international-institute-of-air-and-space-law-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Institute_of_Air_and_Space_Law-0.md
category: reference
title: International Institute of Air and Space Law
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Institute_of_Air_and_Space_Law
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:20.854433+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-institute-of-air-and-space-law-20260505-0
summary:
The International Institute of Air and Space Law (IIASL) is a leading research and teaching institution. It specialises in legal and policy issues for aviation and space activities. It forms part of the Leiden Law School at Leiden University. The institute co-operates with many sister institutions and maintains contact with national and international organisations throughout the world. It is guided by an International Advisory Board populated by people professionally involved with the development of aviation and space-related activities who meet at least once per year. It organises courses and conferences on all aspects of aviation and space law and policy. == History == The first professor appointed to teach air law was Daniel Goedhuis in 1938. A chair in air law was created in 1947 and extended to space law in 1961. Professor Goedhuis held it until 1977. His successor Professor Henri Wassenbergh was the catalyst for the creation of the current institute. The institute held its Silver Jubilee in August 2011 == Purpose == The purpose of the institute is to contribute to the development of aviation and space law and related policy by conducting and promoting research and teaching at university level. == Facilities == The Institute possesses


id: international-institute-of-welding-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Institute_of_Welding-0.md
category: reference
title: International Institute of Welding
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Institute_of_Welding
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:22.076393+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-institute-of-welding-20260505-0
summary:
The International Institute of Welding (IIW) is an international scientific and engineering body for welding, brazing and related technologies. Its membership consists of the national welding societies from around the world. The Institute was founded in 1948 by 13 national societies. By 2011 its membership has expanded to 55 national welding societies. == Organization == The general assembly of the national societies defines the policy of the institute and elects its president and a board of directors. A permanent secretariat deals with regular day-to-day activities and maintains contact with other international bodies. The institute has established a number of technical commissions, each one covering a relatively broad subject of welding science and technology. Under some of them there exist a number of technical sub-commissions, each one involved in a more specific aspect. The IIW participates in International Organization for Standardization (IOS) standardization activities in Technical Committee TC44 (welding and allied processes). A total of 21 ISO standards and updates have been published under the direct responsibility of IIW. == Authorised bodies and governance == IIW operates a structured quality and governance system to ensure that education, training, qualification, and certification activities in welding engineering are harmonised across its global network.


id: international-laboratory-accreditation-cooperation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Laboratory_Accreditation_Cooperation-0.md
category: reference
title: International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Laboratory_Accreditation_Cooperation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:23.269656+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-laboratory-accreditation-cooperation-20260505-0
summary:
The International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation or ILAC started as a conference in 1977 to develop international cooperation for facilitating trade by promoting the acceptance of accredited test and calibration results. In 1996, ILAC became a formal cooperation with a charter to establish a network of mutual recognition agreements among accreditation bodies that would fulfil this aim. The ultimate aim of the ILAC is increased use and acceptance by industry as well as government of the results from accredited laboratories, including results from laboratories in other countries. In this way, the free-trade goal of a 'product tested once and accepted everywhere' can be realised. == See also == Accreditation Good laboratory practice (GLP) Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine ISO/IEC 17025 Joint Committee for Traceability in Laboratory Medicine Reference range Reference values == References == == External links == International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC) ILAC Mutual Recognition Arrangement (ILAC MRA) ISO/IEC 17025 Resource Center


id: international-magnetospheric-study-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Magnetospheric_Study-0.md
category: reference
title: International Magnetospheric Study
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Magnetospheric_Study
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:24.371002+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-magnetospheric-study-20260505-0
summary:
The International Magnetospheric Study (IMS) was proposed in 1970 as a concerted effort to acquire coordinated ground-based, balloon, rocket, and satellite data needed to improve our understanding of the behavior of earth's plasma environment. Projects done as a contribution to International Magnetospheric Study: Prognoz 6 Scandinavian Magnetometer array == References ==


id: international-partnership-for-microbicides-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Partnership_for_Microbicides-0.md
category: reference
title: International Partnership for Microbicides
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Partnership_for_Microbicides
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:25.521349+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-partnership-for-microbicides-20260505-0
summary:
The International Partnership for Microbicides or IPM was a non-profit product development partnership (PDP) founded by Dr. Zeda Rosenberg in 2002 to prevent HIV transmission by accelerating the development and availability of a safe and effective microbicide for use by women in developing countries. Since its inception, IPM had focused on developing HIV-prevention products for women including gels, films, tablets and rings that contain antiretroviral (ARV)-based microbicides. Rights to incorporate existing ARVs into products developed specifically for use in developing countries had been negotiated with pharmaceutical companies working in the HIV field. In October 2022, IPM's intellectual property, grant agreements and assets were transferred to the Population Council. == See also == International AIDS Society Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine Tibotec == References == == External links == International Partnership for Microbicides


id: international-planetary-data-alliance-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Planetary_Data_Alliance-0.md
category: reference
title: International Planetary Data Alliance
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Planetary_Data_Alliance
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:26.758565+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-planetary-data-alliance-20260505-0
summary:
The International Planetary Data Alliance (IPDA), founded in 2006, is a closely cooperating partnership to maintain the quality and performance of data (including data formats) from planetary research using instruments in space. Specific tasks include promoting the international exchange of high-quality scientific data, organized by a set of standards to facilitate data management. NASA's Planetary Data System is the de facto standard for archiving planetary data. Member organizations participate in both its Board and on specific projects related to building standards and interoperable systems. In 2008, a Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) resolution made the IPDA an official body to set standards around the world regarding the archiving of planetary data. == See also == Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Centre National d'Études Spatiales European Space Agency German Aerospace Center Indian Space Research Organisation Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency National Aeronautics and Space Administration UK Space Agency == References == == External links == The International Planetary Data Alliance ESA Planetary Science Archive NASA Planetary Data System


id: international-society-for-quality-of-life-studies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Society_for_Quality_of_Life_Studies-0.md
category: reference
title: International Society for Quality of Life Studies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Society_for_Quality_of_Life_Studies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:27.919867+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-society-for-quality-of-life-studies-20260505-0
summary:
The International Society for Quality of Life Studies (ISQOLS) is an international, academic organization which promotes research in and measurement of "quality of life." == Objectives == The organization's stated general objectives are to provide a worldwide interdisciplinary collaboration framework between academics and professionals in the field of Quality of Life Studies with the intention of generating policy and society changes based on scientific research. == Conferences and publications == The society sponsors international conferences. The ninth annual ISQOLS conference was held in Florence, Italy on the theme "Measures and Goals of the Progress of Societies"; in attendance were 373 participants from 44 countries. OECD chief statistician Enrico Giovannini, in his keynote address to the conference, referenced the Istanbul Declaration of 2007, an agreement by number of international organizations (the European Commission, OECD, the Organization of the Islamic Conference, the United Nations, the UNDP and the World Bank) to develop a new paradigm for statistical evaluation and policy-making which would go beyond gross domestic product and also include subjective indicators of well-being. The society publishes the journal Applied Research in Quality of Life. == See also == Social Weather Stations Gross National Happiness == References == == External links ==


id: international-society-for-research-on-aggression-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Society_for_Research_on_Aggression-0.md
category: reference
title: International Society for Research on Aggression
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Society_for_Research_on_Aggression
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:29.063876+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-society-for-research-on-aggression-20260505-0
summary:
The International Society for Research on Aggression (abbreviated ISRA) is an international learned society dedicated to scientific research on all aspects of human aggressive behavior. It was established in August 1972 in Tokyo, Japan, by a group of academics who were there to attend the 20th Annual International Congress of Psychology. The Society was co-founded by Saul Rosenzweig and John Paul Scott, who served as its first and second president, respectively. Its official journal is Aggressive Behavior, which is published by John Wiley & Sons. The current president of the society is Barbara Krahé. == Presidents == Notable past presidents of the ISRA include: Saul Rosenzweig (first president) John Paul Scott (second president) Dan Olweus (1995-1996) Leonard Eron (1989–1991) Craig A. Anderson (2010–2012) == References == == External links == Official website


id: international-society-of-electrochemistry-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Society_of_Electrochemistry-0.md
category: reference
title: International Society of Electrochemistry
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Society_of_Electrochemistry
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:30.322259+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-society-of-electrochemistry-20260505-0
summary:
The International Society of Electrochemistry (ISE) is a global scientific society founded in 1949. The Head Office of ISE is located now in Lausanne, Switzerland. ISE is a Member Organization of IUPAC. The Society has now more than 1900 Individual Members, 15 Corporate Members (Universities and non-profit research organizations from Belgium, Croatia, Finland, Germany, India, Italy, New Zealand, Poland, Spain, Switzerland and Serbia) and 16 Corporate Sustaining Members. ISE has also 8 Divisions and Regional Representatives. ISE's objectives are: to advance electrochemical science and technology to disseminate scientific and technological knowledge to promote international cooperation in electrochemistry to maintain a high professional standard among its members. == See also == Electrochemistry Quantum electrochemistry Revaz Dogonadze Rudolph A. Marcus == External links == International Society of Electrochemistry (ISE) IUPAC


id: international-society-on-oxygen-transport-to-tissue-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Society_on_Oxygen_Transport_to_Tissue-0.md
category: reference
title: International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Society_on_Oxygen_Transport_to_Tissue
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:31.504077+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-society-on-oxygen-transport-to-tissue-20260505-0
summary:
The International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOTT) is an interdisciplinary society of approximately 300 members that represents essentially every major tissue oxygen research laboratory in the world. Its purpose is to further the understanding of all aspects of the processes involved in the oxygen transport from the air to its ultimate consumption in the cells of the various organs of the body. ISOTT was founded in April 1973 by Duane F. Bruley, Ph.D., P.E. and James Haim I. Bicher, M.D. They also served as the first co-presidents of the Clemson-Charleston founding meeting. At that meeting, Dr. Melvin H. Knisely served as the first honorary president of the society. The first elected president was Dr. Gerhard Thews. The Society has been the leading platform for the presentation of many of the technological and conceptual developments within the field both at the meetings themselves and in the proceedings of the society. These have been published by Plenum Publishers in 1973, then Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, and then Kluwer Academic Publishers and lately by Springer in its Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology series. Examples of areas in which members have made highly significant contributions include electrode techniques, spectrophotometric methods, mathematical modeling


id: international-test-and-evaluation-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Test_and_Evaluation_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: International Test and Evaluation Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Test_and_Evaluation_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:32.698478+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-test-and-evaluation-association-20260505-0
summary:
The International Test and Evaluation Association (ITEA) is a professional body founded in 1980. Its primary purpose is to further the exchange of technical information in the field of test and evaluation. Membership is open to professionals, students and corporate bodies involved in the development and application of policy and techniques used to assess the effectiveness, reliability, and safety of new and existing systems and products. == External links == ITEA Website


id: international-union-against-sexually-transmitted-infections-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_against_Sexually_Transmitted_Infections-0.md
category: reference
title: International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_against_Sexually_Transmitted_Infections
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:33.854656+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-union-against-sexually-transmitted-infections-20260505-0
summary:
The International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections (IUSTI) is a non-governmental organisation established in 1923, and has charitable status in the UK. It produces guidelines for Europe on the management of sexually transmitted infections and is organisation in consultative status with the WHO. It also provides training and management in the field of STIs, publishes an STI textbook, and publishes the journal Sexual Health. It also runs conferences, such as IUSTI Europe Congress (as of 2024, 36 annual conferences) and the IUSTI World Congress (as of 2024, 24) and many other regional meetings. == References == == External links == Official website


id: international-union-of-radio-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Radio_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: International Union of Radio Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Radio_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:35.073988+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-union-of-radio-science-20260505-0
summary:
The International Union of Radio Science (abbreviated URSI, after its French name, Union radio-scientifique internationale) is one of 26 international scientific unions affiliated to the International Council for Science (ICSU), devoted to radio science. == History and objectives == URSI was officially created in 1919, during the Constitutive Assembly of the International Research Council (now ICSU), based on the earlier French: Commission Internationale de Telegraphie sans Fil (1913–1914) when the only radio communication system was radiotelegraphy. It has held a general assembly every three years from 1922. Fifty years ago URSI was one of the most important promoters of the International Geophysical Year. In addition to publishing the open access journal URSI Radio Science Letters, it sponsors the journals Advances in Radio Science, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, and Radio Science, last of which is co-sponsored by the American Geophysical Union. URSI's original objective (to encourage "scientific studies of radiotelegraphy, especially those which require international cooperation") has been broadened to include all radio science, from telecommunications to radio astronomy, acquisition of radar information about distant passive objects, studies of the radiation stimulated or spontaneously emitted by these objects, biological effects of electromagnetic radiation and active modification of objects by


id: international-workshop-on-1-2-dimensional-magnetic-measurement-and-testing-20260505-0
category: reference
title: International Workshop on 1 & 2 Dimensional Magnetic Measurement and Testing
tags: science, encyclopedia
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:36.269167+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-workshop-on-1-2-dimensional-magnetic-measurement-and-testing-20260505-0
file:
data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Workshop_on_1_&_2_Dimensional_Magnetic_Measurement_and_Testing-0.md

summary:
International Workshop on 1 & 2 Dimensional Magnetic Measurement and Testing (commonly referred to as 1&2DM or even 2DM) - international meeting devoted to problems in one- and two-directional magnetisation of ferromagnetic materials. == Scope == Basic problems, magnetisation processes, domain structures, Barkhausen noise Aspects of industrial testing and standardisation Power loss, polarisation, magnetostriction and anisotropy measurement Magnetisation systems and sensors for 1 and 2D measurements High frequency related aspects B and H vector relationships and their interpretation Relevance to applications (e.g., electrical machines, transformers, etc.). Modelling of magnetic properties of materials, relevance of microstructures From the 8th 1&2DM the technical papers written in English are published in Przegląd Elektrotechniczny (which in Polish means Electric Review) issued in Warsaw, Poland. Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is one of the oldest European periodicals (since 1919), which is still being in print. From the 12th edition full conference papers have been published on the International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics-IJAEM, (IOS Press, Amsterdam, the Netherlands). == International Steering Committee == == 1&2DM Workshops == 1&2DM is usually held in September. The years are chosen as to alternate with the Soft Magnetic Materials Conference: == Notes == == References == == External links == http://www.2-dm.com

source_url:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Workshop_on_1_&_2_Dimensional_Magnetic_Measurement_and_Testing


id: iowa-academy-of-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_Academy_of_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Iowa Academy of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_Academy_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:37.398156+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: iowa-academy-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
The Iowa Academy of Science is the oldest existing scientific association in Iowa, founded in 1875. It was established to promote scientific research, science education, public understanding of science, and recognition of excellence. Its membership consists primarily of professional and academic scientists and science educators. It publishes the Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science twice a year, as well as the New Bulletin newsletter four times a year. It publishes the Iowa Science Teachers Journal electronically. == References ==


id: iranian-national-institute-for-oceanography-and-atmospheric-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_National_Institute_for_Oceanography_and_Atmospheric_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_National_Institute_for_Oceanography_and_Atmospheric_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:38.583872+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: iranian-national-institute-for-oceanography-and-atmospheric-science-20260505-0
summary:
The Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS, Persian: پژوهشگاه ملی اقیانوس شناسی و علوم جوی Pazhoheshgah e Melli e Oghianoos Shenasi va Oloum e Javvi) is a research center established by Iran's Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in 1992 under the name 'Iran Oceanography Center' to perform research in the field of oceanography. In March 2010, the organization was renamed to 'Iranian National Center for Oceanography (INCO)'. In June 2013, the organization was again renamed to 'Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS)'. Upon its completion, INIOAS will have the Khalije Fars sea explorer at its disposal to conduct oceanographic research. == References == == External links == Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science English website


id: iranian-research-institute-for-information-science-and-technology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Research_Institute_for_Information_Science_and_Technology-0.md
category: reference
title: Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Research_Institute_for_Information_Science_and_Technology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:39.763765+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: iranian-research-institute-for-information-science-and-technology-20260505-0
summary:
Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IRANDOC) (previously known as Iranian Research Institute for Scientific Information and Documentation) is an Iranian research center with a national mission to meet the country's needs in the field of information science and technology == Faculties == The institute has three faculties: Faculty of Information Technology Faculty of Information Sciences Faculty of Information & Society == History == The institute was established in 1968 as the governmental organization known as Iranian Documentation Centre to "bring modern information to scientists and professors". In March 1969 IRANDOC became part of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education's new Institute for Research and Planning in Science and Education, along with Center for Scientific Policy, Center for Educational Planning and the Center for Library Services. In 1970 it had a staff of 60 personnel, with 30 being college graduates, and seven had doctorates. When the Institute was disestablished in 1983, IRANDOC continued under the supervision of the Deputy Minister Office for Research. A revised charter was approved by the Council for Development of Higher Education in 1991, changing its status to a research center and its name changed to its present form. IRANDOC is a national


id: israel-geological-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Geological_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Israel Geological Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Geological_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:40.890104+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: israel-geological-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Israel Geological Society (IGS) is a non-profit organization that is the national organization for geologists in Israel, including those working in academic institutions, research institutions and commercial organizations; it is also open to private individuals interested in earth sciences. The IGS has 400 members, including students, retired individuals and new immigrants. The society is administrated by an annually elected committee, which includes the President and the Vice President and five committee members. The society's activities are funded by the annual membership fee and by contributions from various institutions and organizations. == Activities == Main activities of the IGS: The Annual Meeting, for the presentation and discussion of current topics of interest in its fields, including lectures, posters and field excursion. Earth Sciences Day, with lectures open to the general public. The Israel Journal of Earth Sciences, a professional journal. It is published annually in English in four issues. The journal is a primary journal for the publication of Earth Sciences research in the region, and is distributed to all society members and to libraries in Israel and abroad. Society Awards—annual awards for research achievements in earth sciences and a medal for outstanding contribution to public awareness of the subject.


id: istituto-di-genetica-e-biofisica-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istituto_di_Genetica_e_Biofisica-0.md
category: reference
title: Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istituto_di_Genetica_e_Biofisica
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:42.071077+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: istituto-di-genetica-e-biofisica-20260505-0
summary:
The Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica (IGB) (Institute of Genetics and Biophysics) is an integral part of the institutes of the Italian Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (National Research Council). It was founded in 1962 in Naples by the Italian geneticist Adriano Buzzati-Traverso and called Laboratorio Internazionale di Genetica e Biofisica (LIGB) (International Laboratory of Genetics and Biophysics). In 1968 the Laboratory came under the full control of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, changing its name to the Istituto Internazionale di Genetica e Biofisica (IIGB) (International Institute of Genetics and Biophysics). Successively it assumed its present name of Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica. == References == == External links == Official Homepage of the IGB


id: iupac-iupap-joint-working-party-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC/IUPAP_Joint_Working_Party-0.md
category: reference
title: IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC/IUPAP_Joint_Working_Party
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:43.246653+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: iupac-iupap-joint-working-party-20260505-0
summary:
The IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party is a group convened periodically by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) to consider claims for discovery and naming of new chemical elements. It is sometimes called the Joint Working Party on Discovery of Elements. The working party's recommendations are voted on by the General Assembly of the IUPAP. == References ==


id: japan-agency-for-medical-research-and-development-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Agency_for_Medical_Research_and_Development-0.md
category: reference
title: Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Agency_for_Medical_Research_and_Development
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:44.438862+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: japan-agency-for-medical-research-and-development-20260505-0
summary:
The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED; Japanese: 日本医療研究開発機構), created in April 2015, is an independent Japanese medical research and development organization, overseen by the Office of Healthcare Policy of Cabinet Secretariat, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). AMED has a headquarters in the Chiyoda City district of Tokyo and international offices in London, Singapore, and Washington D.C. == References == == External links == Official Website


id: japan-society-of-neurovegetative-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Society_of_Neurovegetative_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: Japan Society of Neurovegetative Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Society_of_Neurovegetative_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:45.569475+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: japan-society-of-neurovegetative-research-20260505-0
summary:
This is main scientific society in Japan interested in the study of the Autonomic Nervous System. It is affiliated with the Japanese Association of Medical Sciences. Its official journal is The Autonomic Nervous System (Jiritsu shinkei; ISSN 0288-9250) founded in 1964. == External links == Japanese Association of Medical Sciences International Society for Autonomic Neuroscience == References ==


id: johanneberg-science-park-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johanneberg_Science_Park-0.md
category: reference
title: Johanneberg Science Park
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johanneberg_Science_Park
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:46.742283+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: johanneberg-science-park-20260505-0
summary:
Johanneberg Science Park was established in December 2009 by the Chalmers University of Technology Foundation and the City of Gothenburg to create better conditions for regional sustainable growth, based on the activities currently conducted within Chalmers University of Technology at Campus Johanneberg in Gothenburg, Sweden. The Science Park primarily support development of activities within the disciplines of Urban Development, Environment, Energy, Materials and Nanoscience. == External links == www.johannebergsciencepark.com


id: joint-evaluated-fission-and-fusion-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Evaluated_Fission_and_Fusion-0.md
category: reference
title: Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Evaluated_Fission_and_Fusion
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:47.925202+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: joint-evaluated-fission-and-fusion-20260505-0
summary:
The Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion (JEFF) organization is an international collaboration for the production of nuclear data. It consists of members of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). JEFF produces the Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion Nuclear Data Library, which is in the universal ENDF format. == References ==


id: jourdain-society-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jourdain_Society-0.md
category: reference
title: Jourdain Society
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jourdain_Society
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:49.118853+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: jourdain-society-20260505-0
summary:
The Jourdain Society is or was a controversial society based in the United Kingdom, its aims being "the advancement of the science of oology", the collection and study of intact birds' eggs. Established in 1922 as the British Oological Association, it changed its name in 1946 in memory of distinguished ornithologist and oologist Reverend Francis Jourdain (1865–1940). The society was a social gathering that held regular dinners, established as an elitist club, which did not admit women and professional dealers. Egg-collecting is the removal of intact, unhatched eggs from a birds' nest, followed by drilling out the contents to keep the egg intact. It was considered a respectable leisure pursuit in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, at a time when conservation, study and hunting were not seen as opposed activities. However the activity became extremely controversial after conservationists concluded that the taking of rare birds' eggs was a major factor in their extinction and endangerment, and that the activity lacked real scientific value. Jourdain co-founded the society after being offended by early criticism of the practice. In 1954, the collection of new eggs from nests was made illegal by the Protection of Birds Act, and from this point the


id: kavli-institute-of-nanoscience-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavli_Institute_of_Nanoscience-0.md
category: reference
title: Kavli Institute of Nanoscience
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavli_Institute_of_Nanoscience
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:50.303935+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: kavli-institute-of-nanoscience-20260505-0
summary:
The Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft was established in 2004 at the Department of NanoScience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology through a grant by the US-based The Kavli Foundation. Two different departments, Quantum Nanoscience and Bionanoscience, as well as the Institute of Quantum Technology, are part of this institute. The Kavli Institute of Nanoscience has a staff of 35 professors. An article in de Volkskrant, a Dutch national newspaper in 2012, claimed that four of the ten most cited scientists in the Netherlands belong to the institute. == Prizes == === Best thesis prize === Best thesis prize is awarded to best PhD thesis emerged from Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft in the previous two years. This prize, which consists of an award and an amount of €3000, is given out every two years and will be announced on annual Kavli day. ==== Recipients ==== Marijn van Loenhout (2012-2013) Fabai Wu (2016-2017) Afshin Vahid (2017-2019) Guoji Zheng (2019-2021) === Best publication prize === Best publication award is given biannually for the best publication resulting from Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft that appeared in print in the previous two years. This prize, which consists of an award and


id: kohn-award-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohn_Award-0.md
category: reference
title: Kohn Award
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohn_Award
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:51.496336+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: kohn-award-20260505-0
summary:
The Royal Society Kohn Award was an award given by the Royal Society since 2005 to beginning scientists who had achieved significant cultural impact through broadcasting or public speech. It was funded by the Kohn Foundation (set up by Ralph Kohn) and consisted of a grant for £7,500 for science communication activities and a gift of £2,500. == Past winners == 2013 Peter Vukusic 2012 Suzannah Lishman 2011 Christopher Lintott 2010 No Award 2009 Lucie Green 2008 Chris Smith 2007 Carolyn Stephens 2006 Kathy Sykes 2005 Colin Pulham == References ==


id: korea-brain-research-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Brain_Research_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Korea Brain Research Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Brain_Research_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:52.689242+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: korea-brain-research-institute-20260505-0
summary:
The Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) is a research institute in South Korea. Core facilities include the Korea Brain Bank and lab animal centers. The KBRI is an affiliated institute of the Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology. == History == Legally enacted in 1998 through the Brain Research Promotion Act, the preliminary feasibility survey took place in 2007. Daegu was selected in 2011 and construction was completed in 2014. == KIMS Presidents == Suh Yoo-hun (서유헌), July 2012–July 2015 Kim Gyeongjin (김경진), July 2015–December 2018 Suh Pann-Ghill (서판길), December 2018–Current == See also == Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Korea == References == == External links == Official website


id: korea-polar-research-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Polar_Research_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Korea Polar Research Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Polar_Research_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:53.809564+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: korea-polar-research-institute-20260505-0
summary:
Established in 2004, the Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) is the lead agency for South Korea's national polar programme for the Arctic and the Antarctic and an advisor to the Government of South Korea. Its research projects have focused on biodiversity, climate change and geological evolution. The Institute participates in fora such as the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, the Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs, the International Arctic Science Committee and the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). KOPRI researchers and support staff operate on the icebreaker Araon, on campus at the Korea University of Science and Technology and in the country's three research stations — King Sejong and Jang Bogo in Antarctica, and Dasan at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. KOPRI sits within South Korea's Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. Through international collaboration, KOPRI researches have undertaken studies in Alaska and Canada. == External links == Official website of the Korea Polar Research Institute == References ==


id: korean-society-of-earth-and-exploration-geophysicists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Society_of_Earth_and_Exploration_Geophysicists-0.md
category: reference
title: Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysicists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Society_of_Earth_and_Exploration_Geophysicists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:54.980364+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: korean-society-of-earth-and-exploration-geophysicists-20260505-0
summary:
The Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysicists (KSEG, 한국지구물리·물리탐사학회) is an incorporated association, with the aim of promoting the solid earth geophysics, the geophysical exploration and the related applications, and thus contributing to the national life of high quality and to the national economy. It was founded June 7, 2007 by integrating the two then existing societies of Korean Society of Geophysics and Korean Society of Exploration Geophysicists established respectively in 1998. == References ==


id: korean-sociological-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Sociological_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: Korean Sociological Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Sociological_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:56.190133+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: korean-sociological-association-20260505-0
summary:
The Korean Sociological Association is South Korea's national academic organization for sociologists and those researching the related social sciences. It was founded in 1956 and has been publishing the Korean Journal of Sociology since 1964. In addition it organises annual symposia and workshops and hosts biannual nationwide conventions as well as quarterly seminars, and various occasional workshops. It is one of the larger of Korea's academic organizations with over 800 members. The role of the KSA in the development of Korean sociology is discussed by Park Myoung-Kyu and Chang Kyung-Sup (1999). In particular its role in permitting "the values and norms of scientific research to be articulated, shared and controlled". They also note the key role played by the KSA in debates about the need for relevance and indigenization. == References == == External links == Official website (In Korean)


id: laboratory-of-tree-ring-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_of_Tree-Ring_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_of_Tree-Ring_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:57.374788+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: laboratory-of-tree-ring-research-20260505-0
summary:
The Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research (LTRR) was established in 1937 by A.E. Douglass, founder of the modern science of dendrochronology. The LTRR is a research unit in the College of Science at the University of Arizona in Tucson. Since its founding, visiting scholars and faculty at the lab have done notable work in the areas of climate change, fire history, ecology, archeology and hydrology. == References == == External links == Official website Kaib, Mark (Winter 1999). "Enlightenment in Burnt Forests - Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research". Whole Earth. Archived from the original on August 18, 2010. Retrieved June 24, 2011.


id: leiden-bio-science-park-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiden_Bio_Science_Park-0.md
category: reference
title: Leiden Bio Science Park
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiden_Bio_Science_Park
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:58.543381+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: leiden-bio-science-park-20260505-0
summary:
The Leiden Bio Science Park (LBSP) is the largest life sciences cluster in the Netherlands and ranks in the top five of the most successful science parks in Europe. It is part of Leiden and Oegstgeest and focuses on companies and universities in the Biotechnology sector. The park comprises 110 hectares (270 acres) with over 215 organisations, including 150 Life Sciences & Health companies. The park is located mostly in Leiden and lies between Wassenaarseweg on the north and the Plesmanlaan on the south. The park focuses mostly on the use of biotechnology for medical and biopharmaceutical applications. == History == The LBSP was founded in 1984 in the Leeuwenhoek area west of Leiden Central Station, between the Faculty of Science of the Leiden University and the former Academic Medical Hospital Leiden, now known as the Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC). The municipality decided that this area should primarily be focused on biotechnology. In 2005, the foundation Leiden Life meets Science was founded by the Leiden University, the municipality Leiden, the LUMC, the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Chamber of Commerce, the province South Holland, the University of Applied Sciences Leiden, and the ROC


id: linnaean-society-of-new-york-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaean_Society_of_New_York-0.md
category: reference
title: Linnaean Society of New York
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaean_Society_of_New_York
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:59.744200+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: linnaean-society-of-new-york-20260505-0
summary:
The Linnaean Society of New York (LSNY) was established in 1878, in the city of New York, United States, by a group of amateurs interested in natural science, especially ornithology. The founding members included H.P. Bailey, Eugene P. Bicknell, Ernest Ingersoll, Clinton Hart Merriam and John Burroughs. == References == == External links == Official website


id: lithoprobe-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithoprobe-0.md
category: reference
title: Lithoprobe
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithoprobe
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:00.942249+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: lithoprobe-20260505-0
summary:
Lithoprobe was a Canadian national geoscience research project funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council from 1984 to 2005, and one of the largest geoscientific research programs in Canadian history. The project aimed to research and map the lithosphere structure and composition, and its findings were used by scientists as well as petroleum and mining companies. By the end of the project, Lithoprobe had employed more than 1,000 scientists. The name "Lithoprobe" is derived from "probing the lithosphere". The project used 20-tonne trucks, called vibroseis trucks and nicknamed "dancing elephants," that forced seismic waves beneath the Earth to generate geological and historical data, allowing researchers to glean information from at least 80 kilometers beneath the Earth's surface. == History == The concept of Lithoprobe was proposed at a 1981 meeting sponsored by Canada's Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, and the project itself launched in 1984. It was jointly funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and the Geological Survey of Canada. == Notable contributors == Charlotte E. Keen Richard Lee Armstrong Ronald M. Clowes, Director (1987) Hu Gabrielse Thomas Edvard Krogh (1991–1996) James Monger John Oliver Wheeler, lobbied for establishment of the project, chairman of


id: louis-jeantet-foundation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Jeantet_Foundation-0.md
category: reference
title: Louis-Jeantet Foundation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Jeantet_Foundation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:02.092772+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: louis-jeantet-foundation-20260505-0
summary:
The Louis-Jeantet Foundation was set up in Geneva in 1982 according to the wish of the Geneva-resident French businessman Louis Jeantet, having been endowed with his fortune upon his death from cancer in 1981. The Foundation commenced activities in 1983. It funds the Louis-Jeantet Prize, and a number of professorships at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva. Inspired from the luxurious Italian houses and built in the early XXth century, the Louis-Jeantet Villa is part of the architectural heritage of the Geneva landscape. Classified as an historic building in 1983, the Villa was abandoned for a long period of time before the Louis-Jeantet Foundation decided to establish its headquarters in this unique place and to totally restore the Villa.Located in the residential area of Florissant, the Louis-Jeantet Centre opened its doors in 1998. The Centre offers both the distinction of a patrician Neo-renaissance residence and the sobriety of a contemporary Auditorium. The grounds of Geneva's Fondation Louis-Jeantet contain a 15 by 15 sq. m. courtyard within a sunken hortus conclusus (i.e. an enclosed garden) with an area of about 1300 sq. m. In 1904 Aimée Wexel, princess Franceschi, commissioned the so-called « Helios » villa, built in


id: luria-neuroscience-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luria_Neuroscience_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Luria Neuroscience Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luria_Neuroscience_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:03.277790+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: luria-neuroscience-institute-20260505-0
summary:
Luria Neuroscience Institute (LNI) and its not-for-profit arm Luria Scientific Foundation (LNF) were founded in 2011 with the broad purpose of advancing research in cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology, and disseminating knowledge in these areas. Fostering international scientific and educational collaborations is among LNI's priorities. The Institute has been named in honor of Alexander Luria, one of the founding fathers of modern neuropsychology as a scientific discipline. LNI is based in New York City and is directed by Elkhonon Goldberg, a student and close associate of Alexander Luria. == Research activities == LNI has supported and continues to support a number of research collaborations in the areas of cognitive and clinical neurosciences. These include the function and dysfunction of the frontal lobes, cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease, shared genetic/epigenetic causation of psychiatric disorders and dementias, and others. In keeping with the LNI's priorities, these collaborations involve scientists both in leading North American and European universities. == Educational activities == Luria Neuroscience Institute is offering several neuropsychology courses about the brain and brain disorders of potential interest both to the mental health professionals and the general educated public. The programs are offered in New York City. == References == == External links


id: masurian-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masurian_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Masurian Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masurian_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:04.493813+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: masurian-institute-20260505-0
summary:
The Masurian Institute (Polish: Instytut Mazurski) in Olsztyn was a scientific research body established in 1943 during World War II in German-occupied Poland in Radość near Warsaw by the underground Masurian Union (Związek Mazurski). In 1945 the headquarters moved to Olsztyn, the main city of the Masurian movement. Its purpose was to undertake all kinds of research relating to the regions of Warmia and Masuria. Its main publication, which still continues, is the quarterly Komunikaty Warmińsko-Mazurskie, considered by the State Committee for Scientific Research to be one of the most important Polish historical journals. In 1948 the Masurian Institute became the scientific branch of the Western Institute in Poznań, and since 1953 part of the Polish Historical Society. In 1961 the Fundacja Naukowa im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego (Wojciech Kętrzyński Scientific Foundation) was established in Olsztyn and took over some of the resources and staff of the Masurian Institute. In 1963 the organisation changed its name to the Ośrodek Badań Naukowych im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie (Wojciech Kętrzyński Scientific Research Centre in Olsztyn), now the Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego (Wojciech Kętrzyński Northern Institute). == References == == Further reading == Sukertowa-Biedrawina, Emilia: "Działalność Instytutu Mazurskiego w Olsztynie" in Kalendarz dla Warmii


id: max-planck-institute-for-behavioral-physiology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Behavioral_Physiology-0.md
category: reference
title: Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Behavioral_Physiology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:05.692306+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: max-planck-institute-for-behavioral-physiology-20260505-0
summary:
The former Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology was located in Bulldern, Westphalia, Germany, moved to Seewiesen in 1957. It was one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max Planck Gesellschaft). == Background == A working group was founded in 1954 by Erich von Holst (Max Planck Institute for Oceanic biology, Wilhelmshaven) and Konrad Lorenz. In 1958 it moved into new buildings in Seewiesen. After working from 1951 to 1965, Irenaeus Eibl-Eibesfeldt became director of the institute in 1975. It became an independent institute 1987. In 1997 the Max Planck Society was required to cut its budget and four institutes, including the Behavioral Physiology unit, were chosen for closure, reportedly because their directors were nearing retirement and not due to any failures in scientific research. A part of it survived as the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology. == Famous scientists == Erich von Holst Irenaeus Eibl-Eibesfeldt Horst Mittelstaedt == References == == External links == Homepage of the institute


id: max-planck-institute-for-comparative-and-international-private-law-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Comparative_and_International_Private_Law-0.md
category: reference
title: Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Comparative_and_International_Private_Law
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:06.847848+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: max-planck-institute-for-comparative-and-international-private-law-20260505-0
summary:
The Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law (Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht, MPIPRIV) is a legal research institute located in Hamburg, Germany. It is operated by the Max Planck Society. Founded in 1949, it is the successor institution of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Foreign and International Private Law, which was founded in 1926. Since 1956 it has been based in Hamburg's district of Rotherbaum. The institute is part of the research network Max Planck Law. == See also == Max Planck Society University of Hamburg Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law == References ==


id: max-planck-institute-for-dynamics-of-complex-technical-systems-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Dynamics_of_Complex_Technical_Systems-0.md
category: reference
title: Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Dynamics_of_Complex_Technical_Systems
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:08.079622+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: max-planck-institute-for-dynamics-of-complex-technical-systems-20260505-0
summary:
The Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems is a German engineering research institute in Magdeburg, focusing on dynamics. The institute was founded in 1996 and belongs to the Max Planck Society. The founding director was Ernst Dieter Gilles. Currently, the institute has four research department along with several research groups and is housed in a building designed by Henn GmbH. The institute currently consists of the following four departments: Bioprocess Engineering (headed by Udo Reichl) Computational Methods in Systems and Control Theory (headed by Peter Benner) Physical and Chemical Foundations of Process Engineering (headed by Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern) Process Systems Engineering (headed by Kai Sundmacher) == References == == External links == Official website


id: max-planck-institute-for-human-cognitive-and-brain-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Human_Cognitive_and_Brain_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Human_Cognitive_and_Brain_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:09.229660+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: max-planck-institute-for-human-cognitive-and-brain-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences is located in Leipzig, Germany. The institute was founded in 2004 by a merger between the former Max Planck Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience in Leipzig and the Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research in Munich. It is one of 86 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max Planck Gesellschaft). Research at the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences revolves around human cognitive abilities and cerebral processes, with a focus on the neural basis of brain functions like language, emotions and human social behaviour, music and action. == Departments == Neuropsychology - Director: Professor Angela D. Friederici Neurology - Director: Professor Arno Villringer Neurophysics - Director: Professor Nikolaus Weiskopf Psychology - Director: Professor Christian Doeller == Former Departments == Social Neuroscience - Director: Professor Tania Singer Neurophysics - Director: Professor Robert Turner Psychology - Director: Professor Wolfgang Prinz Cognitive Neurology - Director: Professor D. Yves von Cramon == References == == External links == Homepage of the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences


id: max-planck-institute-for-meteorology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Meteorology-0.md
category: reference
title: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Meteorology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:10.385345+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: max-planck-institute-for-meteorology-20260505-0
summary:
The Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie; MPI-M) is an internationally renowned institute for climate research. Its mission is to understand Earth's changing climate. Founded in 1975, it is affiliated with the Max Planck Society and the University of Hamburg, and is based in Hamburg's district of Eimsbüttel. Its founding director was the Nobel laureate Klaus Hasselmann. The current managing director is Jochem Marotzke. == Organization and Research == The MPI-M comprises three departments and hosts independent research groups. They also conduct work with national and international partners. Departments: Climate Physics – investigates how water in the atmosphere, on the land surface, and as exchanged with the ocean, influences Earth’s climate, and its response to perturbations Climate Dynamics – aims to understand global climate dynamics with a focus on exploring the mechanisms that govern large-scale climate change patterns across various regions Climate Variability – investigates the role of the ocean in climate variability and climate change on all timescales from hours to millennia Independent research groups: Multiscale Cloud Physics (Lise Meitner Research Group) Climate Vegetation Dynamics Environmental Modeling Cooperative Work: the German national weather service CMIP6 Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Grand Ensemble == International Max Planck Research


id: max-planck-institute-for-molecular-genetics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Molecular_Genetics-0.md
category: reference
title: Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Molecular_Genetics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:12.352502+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: max-planck-institute-for-molecular-genetics-20260505-0
summary:
The Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG) is a research institute for molecular genetics based in Berlin, Germany. It is part of the Max Planck Institute network of the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science. == Departments and research groups == Department of Developmental Genetics (Bernhard Herrmann) Department of Genome Regulation (Alexander Meissner) Genome Regulation Group (Alexander Meissner) Stem Cell Chromatin Group (Aydan Bulut-Karslioglu) Lab for Human Brain & Neural Stem Cell Studies (Yechiel Elkabetz) Precision Gene Control group (Denes Hnisz) Cellular Phenotyping Group (Franz-Josef Müller) Department of Computational Molecular Biology (Martin Vingron) Transcriptional Regulation Group (Martin Vingron) Mechanisms of Transcriptional Regulation Group (Sebastiaan H. Meijsing) Chromatin Structure and Function Group (Sarah Kinkley) Bioinformatics Group (Ralf Herwig) Research Group Evolutionary Genomics (Peter Arndt) Otto Warburg Laboratories Quantitative RNA Biology (Tugce Aktas) Epigenomics (Ho-Ryun Chung) RNA Bioinformatics (Annalisa Marsico) Nascent Transcription & Cell Differentiation (Andreas Mayer) Regulatory Networks in Stem Cells (Edda Schulz) Gene Regulation & System Biology of Cancer (Marie-Laure Yaspo) Cell Signaling Dynamics (Zhike Zi) Efficient Algorithms for Omics Data (Knut Reinert) Scientific Services Flow Cytometry Facility (Claudia Giesecke-Thiel) Mass Spectrometry Facility (David Meierhofer) Microscopy & Cryo-Electron Microscopy Unit (Thorsten Mielke) Sequencing Core Facility (Bernd Timmermann)


