# kb

id: society-for-clinical-trials-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Clinical_Trials-0.md
category: reference
title: Society for Clinical Trials
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Clinical_Trials
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:19.123835+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: society-for-clinical-trials-20260505-0
summary:
The Society for Clinical Trials (SCT) is an American professional organization in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania dedicated to advancing the science and practice of clinical trials. Established in 1978, SCT is an international organization with a membership of hundreds of individuals from academia, industry, government, and non-profit organizations. The society promotes the development and dissemination of knowledge related to the design, conduct, analysis, interpretation, and reporting of clinical trials. The leadership structure of the Society for Clinical Trials comprises a president who holds office for a one-year term. Currently, Dixie Ecklund is serving as the president for the term of 2023-24. == History == The Society for Clinical Trials was formally established in September 1978 with the objective of advancing and facilitating the development and exchange of knowledge pertaining to the design and execution of clinical trials and research utilizing comparable methodologies. Commemorating its 40th anniversary, the society marked this significant milestone during its annual meeting held in New Orleans from May 19 to May 22, 2019. == David Sackett Trial of the Year Award == This award is given out each year to the randomized clinical trial that was published in the previous year and most effectively meets the following criteria:


id: society-for-experimental-biology-and-medicine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Experimental_Biology_and_Medicine-0.md
category: reference
title: Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Experimental_Biology_and_Medicine
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:20.259493+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: society-for-experimental-biology-and-medicine-20260505-0
summary:
The Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (abbreviated SEBM) is a nonprofit scientific society dedicated to promoting research in the biomedical sciences. == Founding == The SEBM was founded in 1903, after Samuel J. Meltzer proposed founding a society dedicated to experimental biology and medicine. Meltzer then teamed up with Graham Lusk to invite eight New York scientists to a conference at Lusk's home, where they discussed the possibility of founding a biomedical society. At the conference, the attendees uniformly agreed to appoint a committee for a permanent society. == Journal == The SEBM's official journal is Experimental Biology and Medicine (EBM), published by Frontiers Media. It was founded in 1904 as the Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, and obtained its current name in 2001. == References == == External links == Official website


id: society-for-the-neuroscience-of-creativity-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_the_Neuroscience_of_Creativity-0.md
category: reference
title: Society for the Neuroscience of Creativity
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_the_Neuroscience_of_Creativity
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:21.478847+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: society-for-the-neuroscience-of-creativity-20260505-0
summary:
Society for the Neuroscience of Creativity (SfNC) is an international scientific society devoted to advancing research on the neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying creativity. Established in 2015, the society promotes interdisciplinary collaboration among neuroscientists, psychologists, educators, artists, and practitioners working in fields related to creative cognition and creative practice. SfNC supports research dissemination through conferences, publications, and community initiatives, and is supported in part by the National Science Foundation. == History == SfNC was founded in 2015 by cognitive neuroscientists Adam Green, David Beversdorf, and Rex Jung. Since its founding, SfNC has expanded to include members from more than 30 countries. The society’s leadership has included several prominent scholars in creativity and neuroscience. Past presidents include David Beversdorf, Adam Green, and Evangelia Chrysikou. As of 2025, the president is Indre Viskontas, with Roger Beaty serving as president-elect. == Activities == SfNC organizes an annual conference that brings together researchers to present and discuss empirical work on the neuroscience of creativity. The meetings typically include keynote lectures, symposia, poster sessions, and opportunities for collaboration among scholars from diverse disciplines. The Society also sponsors special issues, symposia, and publications through its official journal, the Creativity Research Journal, which publishes peer-reviewed research on


id: american-association-for-the-advancement-of-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: American Association for the Advancement of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:23.166264+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-association-for-the-advancement-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is a United States–based international nonprofit with the stated mission of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the betterment of all humanity. AAAS was the first permanent organization established to promote science and engineering nationally and to represent the interests of American researchers from across all scientific fields. It is the world's largest general scientific society, with over 120,000 members, and is the publisher of the well-known scientific journal Science. == History == === Creation === The American Association for the Advancement of Science was created on September 20, 1848, at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was a reformation of the Association of American Geologists and Naturalists with the broadened mission to be the first permanent organization to promote science and engineering nationally and to represent the interests of American researchers from across all scientific fields The society chose William Charles Redfield as their first president because he had proposed the most comprehensive plans for the organization. According to the first constitution which was agreed to at the September 20 meeting, the goal of the


id: american-association-for-the-advancement-of-science-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science-1.md
category: reference
title: American Association for the Advancement of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:23.166264+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-association-for-the-advancement-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
=== Advocacy === Alan I. Leshner, AAAS CEO from 2001 until 2015, published many op-ed articles discussing how many people integrate science and religion in their lives. He has opposed the insertion of non-scientific content, such as creationism or intelligent design, into the scientific curriculum of schools. In December 2006, the AAAS adopted an official statement on climate change, in which they stated, "The scientific evidence is clear: global climate change caused by human activities is occurring now, and it is a growing threat to society....The pace of change and the evidence of harm have increased markedly over the last five years. The time to control greenhouse gas emissions is now." In February 2007, the AAAS used satellite images to document human rights abuses in Burma. The next year, AAAS launched the Center for Science Diplomacy to advance both science and the broader relationships among partner countries, by promoting science diplomacy and international scientific cooperation. In 2012, AAAS published op-eds, held events on Capitol Hill and released analyses of the U.S. federal research-and-development budget, to warn that a budget sequestration would have severe consequences for scientific progress. == Sciences == AAAS covers various areas of sciences and engineering. It has


id: american-association-for-the-advancement-of-science-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science-2.md
category: reference
title: American Association for the Advancement of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:23.166264+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-association-for-the-advancement-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
=== Board of directors === The board of directors is composed of a chairperson, the president, and the president-elect along with eight elected directors, the executive officer of the association and up to two additional directors appointed by elected officers. Members serve a four-year term except for directors appointed by elected officers, who serve three-year terms. The current chairman is Gerald Fink, Margaret and Herman Sokol Professor at Whitehead Institute, MIT. Fink will serve in the post until the end of the 2016 AAAS Annual Meeting, 15 February 2016. (The chairperson is always the immediate past-president of AAAS.) The board of directors has a variety of powers and responsibilities. It is charged with the administration of all association funds, publication of a budget, appointment of administrators, proposition of amendments, and determining the time and place of meetings of the national association. The board may also speak publicly on behalf of the association. The board must also regularly correspond with the council to discuss their actions. == AAAS Fellows == The AAAS council elects every year, its members who are distinguished scientifically, to the grade of fellow (FAAAS). Election to AAAS is an honor bestowed by their peers and elected fellows


id: american-geosciences-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Geosciences_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: American Geosciences Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Geosciences_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:24.297571+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-geosciences-institute-20260505-0
summary:
The American Geosciences Institute (AGI) is a nonprofit federation of about 50 geoscientific and professional organizations that represents geologists, geophysicists, and other earth scientists. The organization was founded in 1948. The organization's offices are in Alexandria, Virginia. The name of the organization was changed from the American Geological Institute on October 1, 2011. == History == Since 1966, AGI has produced GeoRef, a literature database for those studying the earth sciences. AGI operates the Center for Geosciences and Society. AGI's monthly magazine Geotimes became EARTH Magazine on September 1, 2008, with an increased focus on public communication of geoscience research. In April 2019, EARTH Magazine suspended publication and was folded into Nautilus Quarterly. == Activities == The stated mission of AGI is to "represent and serve the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to connect Earth, science, and people". GeoRef offers a variety of specialized databases for researchers, educators, and students in specific areas of geoscience. AGI offers lessons and curricula designed for teachers of Earth sciences in schools (K-12). These educational resources are created in partnership with geological organizations whose work is related to Earth science concepts. Every year in the second full week of October, AGI


id: american-institute-of-biological-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_of_Biological_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: American Institute of Biological Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_of_Biological_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:25.518471+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-institute-of-biological-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) is a nonprofit scientific public charitable organization. The organization's mission is to promote the use of science to inform decision-making and advance biology for the benefit of science and society. == Overview == AIBS serves as a society of societies. It has 98 member organizations and is headquartered in Herndon, VA. Its staff work to achieve its mission by publishing the peer-reviewed journal BioScience, providing peer review and advisory support services for funding organizations, providing professional development for scientists and students, advocating for science policy and educating the public about biology. AIBS works with like-minded organizations, funding agencies, and nonprofit and for-profit entities to promote the use of science to inform decision-making. AIBS is governed by an esteemed Board of Directors and a Council of representatives of its member organizations. == Background and history == AIBS was established in 1947 as a part of the National Academy of Sciences. The overarching goal was to unify the individuals and organizations that collectively represent the biological sciences, so that the community could address matters of common concern. In the 1950s, AIBS became an independent, member-governed, nonprofit 501(c)3 public charity scientific organization. In 1962, the National


id: american-institute-of-physics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_of_Physics-0.md
category: reference
title: American Institute of Physics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_of_Physics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:26.768179+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-institute-of-physics-20260505-0
summary:
The American Institute of Physics (AIP) promotes science and the profession of physics, publishes physics journals, and produces publications for scientific and engineering societies. The AIP is made up of various member societies. Its corporate headquarters are at the American Center for Physics in College Park, Maryland, but the institute also has offices in Melville, New York, and Beijing. == Historical overview == The AIP was founded in 1931 as a response to lack of funding for the sciences during the Great Depression. The AIP was founded in 1931 at a joint meeting between four physics societies: the American Physical Society, the Optical Society of America, the Acoustical Society of America, and the Society of Rheology. These were soon joined by the American Association of Physics Teachers, for a total of five societies. It formally incorporated in 1932 consisting of five original "member societies", and a total of four thousand members. As soon as the AIP was established it began publishing scientific journals. By 1943, the AIP published eight journals: Physical Review, Reviews of Modern Physics, Journal of the Optical Society of America, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, American Journal of Physics, Review of Scientific Instruments, Journal of


id: federation-of-european-microbiological-societies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_European_Microbiological_Societies-0.md
category: reference
title: Federation of European Microbiological Societies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_European_Microbiological_Societies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:27.954884+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: federation-of-european-microbiological-societies-20260505-0
summary:
Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS) is an international European scientific organization, formed by the union of a number of national organizations; there are now 57 members from 41 European countries, regular and provisional. Members can apply for fellowships, grants and/or support when organising a meeting. FEMS facilitates exchange of scientific knowledge to all microbiologists in Europe and worldwide by publishing seven microbiology journals and organising a biennial congress for microbiologists around the world. It also initiates campaigns such as the European Academy of Microbiology (EAM). Since 1977, it has been the sponsor of FEMS Microbiology Letters, a single journal. Now, FEMS publishes seven journals: FEMS Microbiology Ecology FEMS Microbiology Reviews FEMS Microbiology Letters FEMS Yeast Research Pathogens and Disease a journal preceded by FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology FEMS Microbes FEMS microLife Originally published for the Society by Elsevier, then by Wiley-Blackwell, they are now published by Oxford University Press. == References == == External links == Federation website European Academy of Microbiology website


id: global-initiative-on-psychiatry-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Initiative_on_Psychiatry-0.md
category: reference
title: Global Initiative on Psychiatry
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Initiative_on_Psychiatry
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:29.098799+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: global-initiative-on-psychiatry-20260505-0
summary:
Global Initiative on Psychiatry (GIP) is an international foundation for mental health reform which took part in the campaign against the political abuse of psychiatry in the USSR. The organization is of NGO type. Headquartered in Hilversum, GIP has regional centers in Tbilisi, Sofia, and Vilnius, and a country office in Dushanbe. GIP is a main contributor to improving psychiatric care in countries of the former Soviet Union as well as Central and Eastern Europe. It has expanded its focus and as of 2010 is including projects in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean. GIP also focuses on the political abuse of psychiatry throughout the world and human rights monitoring. == History == 20 December 1980 saw the formation in Paris of the International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry (IAPUP) whose first secretary was Dr Gérard Bles of France. Since the Congress in Honolulu in 1978, he has inspired the movement against the use of psychiatry for political ends. The organization campaigned against the political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union by leading efforts within national and international psychiatric organizations to eradicate this systematic abuse. The IAPUP had no connection with any political group nor with antipsychiatry. The


id: international-social-science-council-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Social_Science_Council-0.md
category: reference
title: International Social Science Council
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Social_Science_Council
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:30.353095+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-social-science-council-20260505-0
summary:
The International Social Science Council (ISSC) was an international non-governmental organization promoting the social sciences, including the economic and behavioural sciences. Founded in 1952, the organization was based out of UNESCO headquarters in Paris, France. == History == The ISSC was established in October 1952 under the auspices of UNESCO following a resolution adopted at the 6th UNESCO General Conference in 1951. It was adopted on 19 September 1972, completed and revised on 14 November 1979, and underwent multiple revisions on 17 December 1985, 3 December 1992, 27 November 1998, 8 November 2006, and finally 10 December 2010. ISSC was registered in accordance with French Law. In July 2018, the ISSC merged with the International Council for Science (ICSU) to form the International Science Council (ISC). == Mission == The mission of the ISSC was to advance the social sciences – their quality, novelty, and utility – in all parts of the world: To advance social science research across national and regional boundaries; To support social science capacity building, particularly in countries and regions where it is currently not well developed; To provide a central clearinghouse for the collection, interpretation, analysis, and dissemination of data on social science resources, their


id: international-social-science-council-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Social_Science_Council-1.md
category: reference
title: International Social Science Council
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Social_Science_Council
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:30.353095+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-social-science-council-20260505-0
summary:
=== Prizes === The ISSC was awarded two prestigious international prizes: the Stein Rokkan Prize for Comparative Social Science Research and the Foundation Mattei Dogan Prize for Excellence in Interdisciplinary Research. Nominations for the prize were made by ISSC members or other professional associations in various disciplines, as well as by universities and academic institutions. The selection of a winner is made by an international jury of scholars. === World Social Science Fellows === From 2012 to 2015, the ISSC led the World Social Science Fellows programme, an international scientific programme to support early-career researchers in the social sciences. ISSC aimed to foster a new generation of globally networked research leaders who will collaborate in addressing global problems with particular relevance for low and middle-income countries. == Member organizations == Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia Arab Council for the Social Sciences Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Ciências Sociais (ANPOCS) Association of Asian Social Science Research Councils (AASSREC) British Academy Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO) Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA) Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS) Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) European


id: international-society-for-plant-pathology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Society_for_Plant_Pathology-0.md
category: reference
title: International Society for Plant Pathology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Society_for_Plant_Pathology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:31.582626+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-society-for-plant-pathology-20260505-0
summary:
The International Society for Plant Pathology is a global nonprofit institution dedicated to “promoting world-wide plant health and food security.” It was founded in 1968 and the first President of the society was the pioneer British plant pathologist, Ronald Karslake Starr Wood. The International Society for Plant Pathology is a member of the International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS), the International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS), in liaison with the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). == History == The aim of its founders in 1968 was to disseminate knowledge about plant development and plant diseases and their management. The ISPP also organises the International Congress of Plant Pathology every half-decade which is sponsored by its executive committee. The constituent bodies of the ISPP include a general assembly that convenes every five years during the congress, a council, an executive committee, a secretariat and subject matter committees. At a meeting in Lancaster, UK, in 1994, it was decided to establish the "Glenn Anderson Lecture" at the congress to cover global topics like agriculture and sustainability in the developing world. The society also maintains the World Directory of Plant Pathologists, an initiative of Fran Fisher (University of Florida). Directories were published


id: international-union-of-biochemistry-and-molecular-biology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Biochemistry_and_Molecular_Biology-0.md
category: reference
title: International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Biochemistry_and_Molecular_Biology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:32.774400+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-union-of-biochemistry-and-molecular-biology-20260505-0
summary:
The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) is an international non-governmental organisation concerned with biochemistry and molecular biology. Formed in 1955 as the International Union of Biochemistry (IUB), the union has presently 79 member countries and regions (as of 2020). The Union is devoted to promoting research and education in biochemistry and molecular biology throughout the world, and gives particular attention to localities where the subject is still in its early development. == History == The first Congress of Biochemistry was held in 1949 in Cambridge, UK, organized by the Biochemical Society, and was inspired by German-born British biochemist Sir Hans Adolf Krebs as a means of bringing together biochemists who had been separated by World War II. At the time, biochemistry was blossoming as a discipline and was seeking its own recognition as a union within the International Council for Science (ICSU). The congress was a first step to recognize biochemistry as a separate discipline and entity. At the final session of this congress, the International Committee of Biochemistry was set up with 20 members from fourteen countries with the goal obtaining from the ICSU 'recognition as the international body representative of biochemistry, with a view to


id: international-union-of-biological-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Biological_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: International Union of Biological Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Biological_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:33.974612+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-union-of-biological-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The International Union of Biological Sciences ( IUBS ) is a non-profit organization and non-governmental organization founded in 1919 that promotes biological sciences internationally. As a scientific umbrella organization, it was a founding member of the International Council for Science (ICSU). == History == The Union was founded in 1919 following the work of the Conference of Allied Academies of Sciences held in Brussels. Originally, the 'S' was not for 'Science' but for 'Societies'. After defining its constitution and organization in 1925, the IUBS adheres to the International Research Council (International Council for Science), which is now known as the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU). From 1925 to 1939, the IUBS worked on two main themes: information science and environment. This second project resulted in the creation of the World Conservation Union. == Networking and cooperation == The Union was a founding member of the ICSU Scientific Committee and works closely with UNESCO. It also maintains relations with the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). It cooperates with the European Commission and numerous other organizations, agencies, and foundations. == Organisation == The Union currently consists of: 44 national


id: international-union-of-microbiological-societies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Microbiological_Societies-0.md
category: reference
title: International Union of Microbiological Societies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Microbiological_Societies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:35.207492+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-union-of-microbiological-societies-20260505-0
summary:
The International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS), founded in 1927 as the International Society of Microbiology, is one of 40 member unions and associations of the International Science Council (ISC), and was formerly under ISC's predecessor, the International Council for Science. The union's objectives are to promote the study of microbiological sciences internationally: initiate, facilitate and coordinate research and other scientific activities which involve international cooperation; ensure the discussion and dissemination of the results of international conferences, symposia and meetings and assist in the publication of their reports; represent microbiological sciences in ISC and maintain contact with other international organizations. IUMS activities include the classification and nomenclature of bacteria, fungi and viruses, food microbiology, medical microbiology and diagnostics, culture collections, education, and biological standardization. The president-elect of IUMS is Professor Eliora Ron of Tel Aviv University. == Organization == The IUMS has three divisions: Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology (BAM) Mycology Virology These divisions each have their own set of officers and objectives. Each division is responsible for the organization of their own International Congresses. They work together toward the goal of furthering microbiology research and communication globally. The IUMS conducts scientific activities through 6 specialist international committees, 9 international commissions,


id: international-union-of-nutritional-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Nutritional_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: International Union of Nutritional Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Nutritional_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:36.377843+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: international-union-of-nutritional-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS) is an international non-governmental organization established in 1946 devoted to the advancement of nutrition. Its mission and objectives are: To promote advancement in nutrition science, research, and development through international cooperation at the global level. To encourage communication and collaboration among nutrition scientists as well as to disseminate information in nutritional science through modern communication technology. Since its 1946 foundation, the membership has grown to include 85 national adhering bodies and 17 affiliations. == IUNS International Congresses == == Governing Council == The Council consists of five Officers, the President, President-Elect, Vice-President, Secretary-General, Treasurer, Immediate Past-President, and six Council members. IUNS's current council consists of the following: President: Hyun-Sook Kim Korea; Vice President: Francis Zotor Ghana; President Elect: Jacques Delarue France; Secretary General: Edith Feskens Netherlands; Treasurer: Welma Stonehouse Australia; Member: Amos Laar Ghana; Member: Hardinsyah Indonesia; Member: Zhaoping Li United States; Member: Gladys Morales Chile; Member: Ngozi Nnam Nigeria; Member: Philip Calder UK; Immediate Past-President: Lynnette M. Neufeld Canada. == Headquarters == IUNS is registered in London, United Kingdom. == Secretariat == IUNS; The Nutrition Society; Boyd Orr House, 10 Cambridge Court; 210 Shepherds Bush Road; London; UK; W6 7NJ == See


id: world-heart-federation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heart_Federation-0.md
category: reference
title: World Heart Federation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heart_Federation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:37.593422+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: world-heart-federation-20260505-0
summary:
The World Heart Federation (WHF) is a non-governmental organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, formed in 1978. WHF is recognized by the World Health Organization as its leading NGO partner in cardiovascular disease prevention. == History == The World Heart Federation was formed in 1978 by a merger of the International Society of Cardiology and the International Cardiology Federation, under the name of the International Society and Federation of Cardiology. In 1998, this body changed its name to the World Heart Federation. The World Heart Federation represents more than 200 organizations around the world. It works to promote cardiovascular health, and provide information on access to relevant information, care, and treatment. The World Heart Federation is the cardiovascular disease (CVD) organization in official relations with the World Health Organization. == Congresses and events == The World Heart Federation hosts the World Congress of Cardiology. The first World Congress of Cardiology was convened in Paris in September 1950 under the aegis of the International Society of Cardiology, which had itself been founded four years previously. In 2000, World Heart Day was founded to inform people that CVD is the world's leading cause of death. World Heart Day is the world's biggest awareness-raising


id: world-medical-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Medical_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: World Medical Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Medical_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:38.832449+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: world-medical-association-20260505-0
summary:
The World Medical Association (WMA) is an international and independent confederation of free professional medical associations representing physicians worldwide. WMA was formally established on September 17, 1947 and has grown to 115 national medical associations, as of 2025, with 2494 Associate Members, including Junior Doctors and medical students. and more than 10 million physicians. WMA is in official relations with the World Health Organization (WHO) and seeks close collaboration with the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to physical and mental health. == History == The WMA was founded on 17 September 1947, when physicians from 27 countries met at the First General Assembly of the WMA in Paris. This organization was built from an idea born in the House of the British Medical Association in 1945, within a meeting organized in London to initiate plans for an international medical organization to replace l'Association Professionnelle Internationale des Médecins", which had suspended its activities because of World War II. In order to facilitate financial support from its member associations, in 1948, the executive board, known as the Council, established the Secretariat of the WMA in New York City in order to provide close liaison with the United Nations and its various


id: world-psychiatric-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Psychiatric_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: World Psychiatric Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Psychiatric_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:39.988623+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: world-psychiatric-association-20260505-0
summary:
The World Psychiatric Association (WPA) is a nongovernmental organization in official relations with the World Health Organization (WHO). It brings together 135 national psychiatric societies from 177 countries, representing more than 200,000 psychiatrists worldwide, and convenes the World Congress of Psychiatry. == History == === Origin and founding === The World Psychiatric Association traces its origins to the Association for the Organization of World Congresses of Psychiatry, which held its first world congress in Paris in 1950, followed by subsequent congresses in Zurich, Montreal, Madrid, Mexico City, Hawaii, Vienna, Athens, Rio de Janeiro and Hamburg. Jean Delay was the first president of the Association for the Organization of World Congresses of Psychiatry when it was started in 1950. Donald Ewen Cameron became president of the World Psychiatric Association at its formal founding in 1961. === WPA and psychiatric ethics === In February 1983, the Soviet All-Union Society of Neurologists and Psychiatrists resigned from the World Psychiatric Association. This resignation occurred as a preemptive action amid a movement to expel the Soviet body from the global organization due to political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union. The Soviet body was conditionally readmitted into the World Psychiatric Association in 1989, following


id: 500-women-scientists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/500_Women_Scientists-0.md
category: reference
title: 500 Women Scientists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/500_Women_Scientists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:41.545949+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: 500-women-scientists-20260505-0
summary:
500 Women Scientists is a non-profit group dedicated to making science open, inclusive, and accessible. To achieve this mission, they work to increase scientific literacy through public engagement, advocate for science and equity, and provide self-identifying women with the tools and support they need to reach their full potential. The organization began with an open letter in November 2016 and was officially recognized as a 501(c)3 in May 2018. == History == 500 Women Scientists launched with an open letter signed by 500 women scientists after the United States 2016 presidential election. The letter pledged to speak out not only against policies that go against scientific evidence, but also against inequality, sexism, xenophobia, and other forms of discrimination against marginalized communities. Within two months, the pledge received over fifteen thousand signatures from women and allies in 109 countries. In concert with the 2017 Women's March, women scientists and supporters who signed the pledge organized themselves into groups to march together. The local marches became the basis for forming local chapters, or "Pods", where local women scientists meet regularly. Pods function both as a support system and as a vehicle to focus on and organize around issues that resonate in their


id: ada-initiative-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Initiative-0.md
category: reference
title: Ada Initiative
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Initiative
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:42.669087+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ada-initiative-20260505-0
summary:
The Ada Initiative was a non-profit organization that sought to increase women's participation in the free culture movement, open-source technology and open culture. The organization was founded in 2011 by Linux kernel developer and open source advocate Valerie Aurora and open source developer and advocate Mary Gardiner (the founder of AussieChix, the largest organization for women in open source in Australia). It was named after Ada Lovelace, one of the world's first computer programmers, as is the Ada programming language. In August 2015, the Ada Initiative board announced that the organization would shut down in October 2015. According to the announcement, the Initiative's executive leadership decided to step down, and the organization was unable to find acceptable replacement leaders. == History == Valerie Aurora, already an activist for women in open source, joined Mary Gardiner and members of Geek Feminism to develop anti-harassment policies for conferences after Noirin Shirley was sexually assaulted at ApacheCon 2010. Together with Gardiner, she founded the Ada Initiative in February 2011. In 2014, Valerie Aurora announced her intent to step down as executive director of the Ada Initiative, and an executive search committee was formed to find her replacement. Mary Gardiner, deputy executive director, chose


id: african-summit-on-women-and-girls-in-technology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Summit_on_Women_and_Girls_in_Technology-0.md
category: reference
title: African Summit on Women and Girls in Technology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Summit_on_Women_and_Girls_in_Technology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:43.875745+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: african-summit-on-women-and-girls-in-technology-20260505-0
summary:
The African Summit on Women and Girls in Technology is an international summit organized by the World Wide Web Foundation and the Alliance for Affordable Internet in collaboration with other international organizations and ministries. It is a gathering of digital equality advocates who are mostly women and the main focus of discussion is bridging the digital gender gap. == Agenda == The summit focuses on exploring how technology policies could further the rights and interest of women in Africa and how these policies could work to help bridge the digital gender gap. === Topics === Affordable Broadband Women’s rights online Digital education and skills Digital Entrepreneurship == 2016 - First African Summit on Women and Girls in Technology == The First Edition of the African Summit on Women and Girls in Technology was held on the 13 to the 14 of September 2016 in Accra, with about 150 digital equality advocates in attendance. It was a collaboration between Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI), the World Wide Web Foundation, UN Women, the Ghana-India Kofi Annan Center of Excellence in ICT (AITI-KACE), and the African Development Bank. == 2018 - Second African Summit on Women and Girls in Technology == The second


id: african-women-in-mathematics-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Women_in_Mathematics_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: African Women in Mathematics Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Women_in_Mathematics_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:45.081500+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: african-women-in-mathematics-association-20260505-0
summary:
The African Women in Mathematics Association (AWMA) is a professional society whose mission is to promote mathematics to African women and girls, to support women's careers in mathematics, to create equal opportunity and equal treatment in the African mathematical community, and to create a meeting place for mathematical African women. The AWMA was founded in 2013. AWMA has approximately 300 members from over 30 countries and from all regions of Africa. It hosts events to encourage African girls' participation in mathematics. == History == In 1986, the African Mathematical Union founded the commission on women and mathematics (AMUCWMA). At the AMUCWMA's 2012 conference in Ouagadougou, which drew over 70 attendees, a panel on the state on women in mathematics in Africa was held. The panel's primary recommendation was to create an association for African female mathematicians. The AWUCWMA held another conference soon after in July 2013 in Cape Town. One of the primary objectives of the conference was to form an association for African women in mathematics. On July 19, 2013 at the conference, the African Women in Mathematics Association was officially formed. The primary objective was "the promotion of female mathematicians in Africa and the promotion of mathematics among


id: american-association-for-women-in-radiology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_Women_in_Radiology-0.md
category: reference
title: American Association for Women in Radiology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_Women_in_Radiology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:46.221280+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-association-for-women-in-radiology-20260505-0
summary:
The American Association for Women in Radiology (or AAWR) is a professional association founded in 1981 as a resource for "professional socialization" for women in a male-dominated field of radiology. AAWR's role model is Marie Curie. The main goals of the association were to provide a forum for issues unique to women in radiology, radiation oncology and related professions, to sponsor programs that promote opportunities for women, and to facilitate networking among women radiologists. == References ==


id: american-association-of-university-women-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_of_University_Women-0.md
category: reference
title: American Association of University Women
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_of_University_Women
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:47.445152+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-association-of-university-women-20260505-0
summary:
The American Association of University Women (AAUW) is an American non-profit organization that advances equity for women and girls through advocacy, education, and research. The organization has a nationwide network of 170,000 members and supporters, 1,000 local branches, and 800 college and university partners. Its headquarters are in Washington, D.C. AAUW's CEO is Gloria L. Blackwell. == History == === 19th century === In 1881, Emily Fairbanks Talbot, Marion Talbot and Ellen Swallow Richards invited 15 alumnae from 8 colleges to a meeting in Boston, Massachusetts. The purpose of this meeting was to create an organization of women college graduates that would assist women in finding greater opportunities to use their education, as well as promoting and assisting other women's college attendance. The Association of Collegiate Alumnae or ACA (AAUW's predecessor organization) was officially founded on January 14, 1882. The ACA also worked to improve standards of education for women so that men and women's higher education was more equal in scope and difficulty. At the beginning of 1884, the ACA had been meeting only in Boston. However, as more women across the country became interested in its work, the Association saw that expansion into branches was necessary to carry


id: american-association-of-university-women-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_of_University_Women-1.md
category: reference
title: American Association of University Women
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_of_University_Women
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:47.445152+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-association-of-university-women-20260505-0
summary:
== Activities == AAUW is one of the world's largest sources of funding exclusively for women who have graduated from college. In 2025-26, AAUW will award $5.3 million in fellowships, grants, and awards for women and for community action projects. The Foundation also funds pioneering research on women, girls, and education. The organization funds studies germane to the education of women. The AAUW Legal Advocacy Fund (LAF), a program of the Foundation, is the United States' largest legal fund focused solely on sex discrimination against women in higher education. LAF provides funds and a support system for women seeking judicial redress for sex discrimination in higher education. Since 1981, LAF has helped female students, faculty, and administrators challenge sex discrimination, including sexual harassment, pay inequity, denial of tenure and promotion, and inequality in women's athletics programs. AAUW sponsors grassroots and advocacy efforts, research, and Campus Action Projects and other educational programs in conjunction with its ongoing programmatic theme, Education as the Gateway to Women's Economic Security. Along with three other organizations, it founded the CTM Madison Family Theatre in 1965. AAUW joined forces with other women's organizations in August 2011 to launch HERVotes to mobilize women voters in 2012 on


id: american-medical-women-s-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Medical_Women's_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: American Medical Women's Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Medical_Women's_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:48.639615+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: american-medical-women-s-association-20260505-0
summary:
The American Medical Women's Association (AMWA) is a professional advocacy and educational organization of women physicians and medical students. == History == The Woman's Medical Journal began publication in the 1893. As World War I broke out, medical women, though already 6% of the medical profession, faced severe discrimination, as they were barred from the American Medical Association and from the Army Medical Reserve Corps, effectively barring them from military participation as equals to medical men. In response, the Medical Women’s National Association was founded in 1915 by Bertha Van Hoosen, MD, with the established journal as its official organ. In 1917, the association formed the War Service Committee, later renamed the American Women’s Hospitals Service (AWHS). It was later renamed the American Medical Women's Association. The AMWA works to advance women in medicine and to serve as a voice for women's health. The association used to publish the Journal of the American Medical Women's Association; the Journal of Women's Health is now the official journal of the AMWA. == Honors == The AMWA honors women physicians each year with four awards. The Elizabeth Blackwell Medal, named for Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman awarded an M.D. from an American medical


id: anitab-org-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AnitaB.org-0.md
category: reference
title: AnitaB.org
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AnitaB.org
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:49.818453+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: anitab-org-20260505-0
summary:
AnitaB.org (formerly Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology (ABI), and Institute for Women in Technology) is a global, technical nonprofit organization based in Sacramento, California. Founded by computer scientists Anita Borg and Telle Whitney for technical women, the institute's primary aim is to recruit, retain, and advance women in technology. The institute's most prominent program is the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing Conference, the world's largest gathering of women in computing. From 2002 to 2017, AnitaB.org was led by Telle Whitney, who co-founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing with Anita Borg. AnitaB.org is currently led by Brenda Darden Wilkerson, the former Director of Computer Science and IT Education for Chicago Public Schools (CPS) and founder of the original “Computer Science for All” initiative. == History == AnitaB.org was founded in 1997 by computer scientists Anita Borg and Telle Whitney as the Institute for Women in Technology. The institute was preceded by two of its current programs: Systers and the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing Conference. Systers, the first online community for women in computing, was founded in 1987 by Anita Borg. In 1994, Borg and Whitney organized the first Grace Hopper Celebration


id: anitab-org-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AnitaB.org-1.md
category: reference
title: AnitaB.org
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AnitaB.org
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:49.818453+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: anitab-org-20260505-0
summary:
=== Anita Borg Top Company for Technical Women Workshop === The Anita Borg Top Company for Technical Women Workshop provides coverage of best practices for recruiting, retaining, and advancing technical women. Representatives from different companies learn from each other and share practices. Companies participating in the 2011 workshop included CA Technologies, Cisco, Google, IBM, Intel, Intuit, Microsoft Research, SAP, and Symantec. === TechWomen === TechWomen is a professional mentorship and exchange program funded by the U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. The program brings 38 technical women, aged 25–42, from the Middle East and North Africa to the United States for a five-week mentoring program at technology companies in Silicon Valley. The initiative is administered by the Institute of International Education, in partnership with AnitaB.org. === Online communities === The AnitaB.org runs several email lists and online groups that connect technical women. Systers is the largest email community of technical women in computing in the world and predates AnitaB.org, having been founded in 1987 by Anita Borg. Systers provides a private and gender exclusive space for women in computing to ask personal and technical questions. === Local communities === The AnitaB.org local Communities usually referred to


id: acm-w-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACM-W-0.md
category: reference
title: ACM-W
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACM-W
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:50.946338+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: acm-w-20260505-0
summary:
The Association for Computing Machinery's Council on Women in Computing (ACM-W) supports, celebrates, and advocates internationally for the full engagement of women in all aspects of the computing field, providing a wide range of programs and services to ACM members and working in the larger community to advance the contributions of technical women. ACM-W is an active organization with over 36,000 members. == Celebrations of Women in Computing == ACM-W sponsors annual celebrations focused on women in computing. ACM-W provides up to $3,000 seed funding for each celebration, and also raises and disburses corporate sponsorship. Each celebration organizing committee is responsible for additional fundraising within their conference area. ACM-W supports, celebrates, and advocates internationally for the full engagement of women in all aspects of the computing field, providing a wide range of programs and services to Association for Computing Machinery members and working in the larger community to advance the contributions of technical women. ACM-W Celebrations are regional conferences with global participants from industry, academia, and government. Celebration participation is growing and these events represent some of the largest gatherings of women in technology. The original Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing was recognized by the US White House


id: association-for-women-geoscientists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Women_Geoscientists-0.md
category: reference
title: Association for Women Geoscientists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Women_Geoscientists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:52.121479+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-for-women-geoscientists-20260505-0
summary:
The Association for Women Geoscientists (AWG) is an international professional organization which promotes the professional development of its members, provides geoscience outreach to girls, and encourages the participation of girls and women in the geosciences. Membership is open to all who support AWG's goals. Members include professional women and men from industry, government, museums and academia, students from a cross-section of colleges and universities, retirees, and others interested in supporting the society's goals. == History == AWG was founded in San Francisco in 1977. The original purpose of the society was to provide encouragement to women in the geosciences, a career choice in which they were largely underrepresented at the time. As of 2006, the purpose remains the same, although some advances have been made, as AWG membership approaches 1200 students and scientists, reflecting the increasing participation of women in the geosciences. AWG is a 501(c)(6) mutual benefit corporation with local chapters in many cities and at-large members throughout the U.S. and around the world. AWG is a member society of the American Geological Institute and the Geological Society of America. == Notable members == Claudia Alexander Gail Ashley Denise Cox Francisca Oboh Ikuenobe Sharon Mosher Sarah K. Noble Sian


id: association-for-women-in-computing-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Women_in_Computing-0.md
category: reference
title: Association for Women in Computing
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Women_in_Computing
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:53.305379+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-for-women-in-computing-20260505-0
summary:
The Association for Women in Computing (AWC) is a professional organization for women in computing. It was founded in 1978 in Washington, D.C., and is a member of the Institute for Certification of Computing Professionals (ICCP). == Purpose == The purpose of AWC is to provide opportunities for professional growth for women in computing through networking, continuing education and mentoring. To accomplish this they promote awareness of issues affecting women in the computing industry, further the professional development and advancement of women in computing, and encourage women to pursue careers in computer science. The AWC is a national, nonprofit, professional organization for women and men with an interest in information technology. It grants the Ada Lovelace Award to individuals who have excelled in either of two areas: outstanding scientific technical achievement and/or extraordinary service to the computing community through accomplishments and contributions on behalf of women in computing. == History == AWC was founded in 1978 as a non-profit organization, originally under the name National Association for Women in Computing. The Puget Sound Chapter was founded in the winter of 1979 by Donnafaye Carroll Finger and Diane Haelsig. These two women read an article about a new association for women


id: association-for-women-in-mathematics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Women_in_Mathematics-0.md
category: reference
title: Association for Women in Mathematics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Women_in_Mathematics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:54.455965+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-for-women-in-mathematics-20260505-0
summary:
The Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM) is a professional society whose mission is to encourage women and girls to study and to have active careers in the mathematical sciences, and to promote equal opportunity for and the equal treatment of women and girls in the mathematical sciences. The AWM was founded in 1971 and incorporated in the state of Massachusetts. AWM has approximately 5200 members, including over 250 institutional members, such as colleges, universities, institutes, and mathematical societies. It offers numerous programs and workshops to mentor women and girls in the mathematical sciences. Much of AWM's work is supported through federal grants. == History == The Association was founded in 1971 as the Association of Women Mathematicians, but the name was changed almost immediately. As reported in "A Brief History of the Association for Women in Mathematics: The Presidents' Perspectives", by Lenore Blum: As Judy Green remembers (and Chandler Davis, early AWM friend, concurs): The formal idea of women getting together and forming a caucus was first made publicly at a MAG [Mathematics Action Group] meeting in 1971 ... in Atlantic City. Joanne Darken, then an instructor at Temple University and now at the Community College of Philadelphia, stood


id: association-for-women-in-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Women_in_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Association for Women in Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Women_in_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:55.637064+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-for-women-in-science-20260505-0
summary:
The Association for Women in Science (AWIS) was founded in 1971 at the annual Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) meeting. The organization aims to combat job discrimination, lower pay, and professional isolation. The main issue areas that the modern Association addresses are fair compensation, work-life integration, attrition, and professional development. == History == AWIS was founded in 1971 at the annual meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), after a series of champagne brunches organized by an informal women's caucus. After establishing an executive director and an office in Washington, DC, chapters were organized across the country for individual members. Its founding co-presidents were Neena Schwartz and Judith Pool. Along with other women in science associations, an early AWIS action involved initiating a class action lawsuit against the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in response to poor representation on NIH grant review committees. The lawsuit was dropped after representatives of the groups, including Schwartz, met with Robert Marsten, then head of the NIH, who solicited recommendations and committed to appointing more women. Early projects include the creation of the AWIS Educational Foundation (now known as the Educational Awards) to receive donations and award


id: association-of-women-surgeons-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Women_Surgeons-0.md
category: reference
title: Association of Women Surgeons
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Women_Surgeons
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:56.782387+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: association-of-women-surgeons-20260505-0
summary:
The Association of Women Surgeons (AWS) is a non-profit educational and professional organization founded in 1981. Now with more than 4,000 members in more than 50 countries, AWS is one of the largest international organizations dedicated to supporting, enhancing the interaction, and facilitating the exchange of information between women surgeons at various stages in their careers, including students and trainees. The organization's mission statement reads: "To inspire, encourage, and enable women surgeons to achieve their personal and professional goals". == History == The AWS was founded in 1981 when Dr. Patricia Numann posted a sign inviting any woman surgeon to a breakfast at the October meeting of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) in the San Francisco Hilton Hotel. The breakfast has continued for more than 40 years and grew into the Association of Women Surgeons (AWS). The AWS was incorporated in 1986 and continues to support women surgeons and ensure diversity in the house of surgery. == Key collaborations and partnerships == American College of Surgeons – In addition to having a Governor from the AWS to the ACS Board of Governors, the AWS has a liaison to the ACS Advisory Council on General Surgery, the ACS Women in


id: bcswomen-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCSWomen-0.md
category: reference
title: BCSWomen
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCSWomen
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:58.000092+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: bcswomen-20260505-0
summary:
BCSWomen is a Specialist Group of the British Computer Society, The Chartered Institute for IT, that provides networking opportunities for all BCS professional women working in IT around the world, as well as mentoring and encouraging girls and women to enter or return to IT as a career. The current Chair of BCSWomen is Andrea Palmer. == Background == Founded by Sue Black, BCSWomen has the aim of supporting women working in and considering a career in Information Technology. The group was founded in 2001. It has more than a thousand members and an active mailing list. Activities include meetings, networking, and mentoring. They also organise the Lovelace Colloquium. Many BCSWomen also participate in the annual London Hopper Colloquium, which showcases exciting work of women in computing research and enables new PhD researchers to meet with each other as well as with senior women computer scientists. Grace Hopper was a pioneering American computer scientist. BCSWomen organise other events for women in computing both technical and social, such as day trips to computer-related sites such as Bletchley Park. == Lovelace Colloquium == The Lovelace Colloquium for undergraduate and post-graduate women and non-binary individuals in digital and computing, is a two-day conference


id: black-girls-code-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Girls_Code-0.md
category: reference
title: Black Girls Code
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Girls_Code
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:32:59.190360+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: black-girls-code-20260505-0
summary:
Black Girls Code (BGC) is a nonprofit organization that focuses on engaging African-American girls and other youth of color with computer programming education to nurture their careers in tech. The organization offers computer programming and coding, as well as website, robot, and mobile application-building, with the goal of placing one million girls in tech by 2040. Kimberly Bryant, an electrical engineer who had worked in biotech for over 20 years, founded Black Girls Code in 2011 to rectify the underrepresentation of African-American girls and women in tech careers. In October 2023, Cristina Jones became CEO; she was previously an executive at Salesforce. == Programs == Headquartered in Oakland, California, the organization grew to 2,000 participants by August 2013 within the seven established institutions, operating in seven States across the US, as well as in Johannesburg, South Africa. As of December 2019, BGC had 15 chapters. BGC depends on a volunteer network to design and conduct workshop classes. These IT professionals teach participants skills in web, app, and game development; AI; art and music coding; coding languages (i.e., HTML/CSS, JavaScript, Python); block-based coding; and integrated development environments (i.e., Scratch, p5.js, MIT App Inventor, Repl.it, EarSketch). In 2023, BGC, in partnership with


id: blogher-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlogHer-0.md
category: reference
title: BlogHer
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlogHer
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:00.376526+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: blogher-20260505-0
summary:
BlogHer is an American media company founded by Elisa Camahort Page, Jory des Jardins, and Lisa Stone in 2005. It is an online blogger community and holds a yearly conference for women bloggers. BlogHer is owned by SHE Media which is a division of Penske Media Corporation. == History == BlogHer began as a conference in 2005 in San Jose, California, founded by Elisa Camahort Page, Jory des Jardins, and Lisa Stone. It was originally planned to be a blog, but grew to a 300-person conference on women and blogging once announced. In 2006, BlogHer started a group blog featuring over 60 women blogging on a variety of topics. The second BlogHer conference was held in San Jose and was much larger than the first, with at least 750 attendees. In 2007, the company expanded to include BlogHers Act, a political blogging network by and for women. Dan Gillmor quoted the site's community guideline "We embrace the spirit of civil disagreement" as an ideal. On July 16, 2008, iVillage, a network of online media outlets owned by NBC Universal, announced that it had reached a partnership with the BlogHer network to provide content for sites across the iVillage network. The


id: caucus-for-women-in-statistics-and-data-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucus_for_Women_in_Statistics_and_Data_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Caucus for Women in Statistics and Data Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucus_for_Women_in_Statistics_and_Data_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:02.634551+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: caucus-for-women-in-statistics-and-data-science-20260505-0
summary:
The Caucus for Women in Statistics and Data Science (CWS) is a professional society for women in statistics, data science and related fields. It was founded in 1971, following discussions in 1969 and 1970 at the annual meetings of the American Statistical Association, with Donna Brogan as its first president. The Governing Council is the main governing body of CWS. The Council consists of the President, President-Elect, Past President, Past Past President, Executive Director (ex-officio), Treasurer, Secretary, Membership Chair, Program Committee Chair, Communications Committee Chair, Professional Development Committee Chair, Chair of Liaisons with other organizations and the Chair of Country Representatives. The President-Elect, President, Past President, Secretary, Treasurer and Executive Director constitute the Executive Committee of the Governing Council. CWS governance is described in the Constitution and Bylaws. == Purpose == The purpose of the CWS is to assist in teaching, hiring, and advancing the careers of women in statistics, removing barriers to women in statistics, encourage the application of statistics to women's issues, and improve the representation of women in professional organizations for statisticians. CWS envisions a world where women in the profession of statistics have equal opportunity and access to influence policies and decisions in workplaces, governments, and


id: center-for-women-in-technology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Women_in_Technology-0.md
category: reference
title: Center for Women in Technology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Women_in_Technology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:03.806571+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: center-for-women-in-technology-20260505-0
summary:
The Center for Women In Technology (CWIT) was established at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County in July 1998. The center's original name was the "Center for Women and Information Technology", and it was founded to encourage women both as developers of information technology and as users of IT. The original CWIT site included a large number of resources and links and served as a clearinghouse about women and information technology. This work included focusing on K-12 education as well as supporting university students, and workforce advancement and retention. The center has included engineering majors since 2006, and in 2011 its name was changed to the Center for Women In Technology. == Scholarship programs == The Center for Women in Technology Scholars Program is a merit scholarship opportunity for talented undergraduates majoring in computer science, computer engineering, information systems or a related program. It is open to high school seniors planning to major in one of these areas of study. Scholars in the program receive mentoring from university faculty and IT professionals as well as participate in specially designed activities and events. CWIT and the UMBC Center for Cybersecurity jointly run the UMBC Cyber Scholars Program with the goal of


id: django-girls-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django_Girls-0.md
category: reference
title: Django Girls
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django_Girls
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:05.126526+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: django-girls-20260505-0
summary:
Django Girls is an international non-profit organization started by two Polish women, Ola Sitarska and Ola Sendecka, to inspire women from all backgrounds to get interested in technology and to become programmers, offering a safe and friendly environment. It is known for the free workshops it hosts to help women to learn to program and for its Django tutorial. It is often supported by the Python Software Foundation, and they often hold sessions at the Python Conference. == History == The first Django Girls workshop, which kicked off Django Girls, happened during EuroPython 2014, in Berlin. Ola Sitarska and Ola Sendecka decided to use Django and Python because both are open source code platforms, which may help women developing their own ideas. Since then, the initiative has spread worldwide, reaching countries like Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Ghana, Nigeria, United Kingdom, Peru, United States, Zimbabwe and many others. == Tutorial == The tutorial, which teaches how to create and deploy a blog application using Django, is maintained and updated by the Django Girls community, using Github. As of May 2018, the Django Girls tutorial has been published online in 14 languages besides its original English version. As of May


id: equate-scotland-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equate_Scotland-0.md
category: reference
title: Equate Scotland
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equate_Scotland
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:06.324423+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: equate-scotland-20260505-0
summary:
Equate Scotland is a Scottish government-funded national organisation with the strategic objectives of tackling underrepresentation of women and gender inequality in science, technology, engineering, environment (natural and built) and mathematics (STEM). Founded in 2006 as the Scottish Resource Centre for Women in Science, Engineering and Technology; it rebranded in 2014 to Equate Scotland. The programme is hosted by Edinburgh Napier University with the objective of increasing participation and advancement of women in STEM through training, advocacy, partnerships with employers and higher education institutions, active research and building peer to peer networks. == History == === Origins (2004–2005) === Equate Scotland has its origins in the UK Resource Centre for Women in Science, Engineering and Technology (UKRC), which was launched in 2004 as one of the key recommendations of the UK Government's 2003 Strategy for Women in SET, following the 2002 SET Fair Report. Funded by the newly created Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS), the UKRC was established as the Government’s lead organisation for providing advice, services, and policy consultation on the under-representation of women in science, engineering, and technology. In 2005, the Scottish Resource Centre was established to deliver the UKRC’s mission in Scotland through a partnership between


id: european-platform-of-women-scientists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Platform_of_Women_Scientists-0.md
category: reference
title: European Platform of Women Scientists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Platform_of_Women_Scientists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:07.542866+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-platform-of-women-scientists-20260505-0
summary:
The European Platform of Women Scientists EPWS is an umbrella organisation bringing together networks of women scientists and organisations committed to gender equality in research in all disciplines in Europe 27 and the countries associated to the European Union's Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development. The Platform welcomes researchers working in any discipline and working in science in its widest sense, ranging from natural to social sciences, including, but not restricted to, science, engineering and technology. EPWS currently counts more than 100 member organisations, together working for more than 12.000 women researchers all over Europe active in academia and in industrial research. == Purpose == Legally established as an international non-profit organisation under Belgian law (AISBL) in November 2005 and governed by an international, multidisciplinary Board of Administration of 11 high ranking women scientists, EPWS constitutes a new strategic instrument in European research policy, complementing various initiatives taken at the European level to ensure a better participation of women scientists in research and in the research policy process as well as the inclusion of the gender dimension in research. == Goals == The platform's main goals are to: Network existing networks of women scientists and networks engaged in promoting


id: european-women-in-mathematics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Women_in_Mathematics-0.md
category: reference
title: European Women in Mathematics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Women_in_Mathematics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:08.772659+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: european-women-in-mathematics-20260505-0
summary:
European Women in Mathematics (EWM) is an international association of women working in the field of mathematics in Europe. The association participates in political and strategic work to promote the role of women in mathematics and offers its members direct support. Its goals include encouraging women to study mathematics and providing visibility to women mathematicians. It is the "first and best known" of several organizations devoted to women in mathematics in Europe. == Mission == European Women in Mathematics aims to encourage women to study mathematics, support women in their careers, provide a meeting place for like-minded people and highlight and make women mathematicians visible. In this way, and by promoting scientific communication and working with groups and organisations with similar goals, they spread their vision of mathematics and science. === Mentorship === EWM has a mentoring programme which can be joined at any time of the year. EWM brings together a younger and a more experienced member to share different experiences and perspectives for motivation and inspiration. === Grants === EWM awards travel grants for female mathematicians every year. The travel grants are awarded to EWM members who are at an early stage of their career or work in


id: femmes-et-math-matiques-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femmes_et_Mathématiques-0.md
category: reference
title: Femmes et Mathématiques
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femmes_et_Mathématiques
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:09.954131+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: femmes-et-math-matiques-20260505-0
summary:
L'association femmes et mathématiques (English: Association of Women and Mathematics) is a voluntary association promoting women in scientific studies, research, and mathematics created in 1987. This organization currently has about 200 members, including university professors of math, math teachers, sociologists, philosophers and historians that are interested in the "woman question" in scientific domains. The Association's primary objectives include encouraging and promoting women in STEM fields, assisting in communication between mathematicians, and promoting equality between genders. It specifically organizes a forum of young women mathematicians, as well as conferences on different topics related to its objectives. They regularly hold a general assembly, either in Paris or outside of the city, based on various themes. The Association also publishes an academic journal. The association has its headquarters at the Maison des Mathématiciens at l'Institut Henri Poincaré in Paris. It participates in different initiatives with other scholarly and professional societies, in particular the Société Mathématique de France (Mathematical Society of France), la Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles (Society of Applied and Industrial Maths), l'Association des Professeurs de Mathématiques de l'enseignement public (Association of Math Professors and Public Teachers) and l'Union des Professeurs de Spéciales, as well as La Commission Française pour l'enseignement


id: geochicas-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geochicas-0.md
category: reference
title: Geochicas
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geochicas
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:11.092516+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: geochicas-20260505-0
summary:
Geochicas is a collective of feminists linked to OpenStreetMap, originally Spanish-speaking, who work for female empowerment and reducing the gender gap in the OpenStreetMap communities and communities associated with the world of free software and open data. Geochicas today has users on at least 3 continents. The thematic areas of Geochicas are: The fight against gender violence against women and girls Women's health care The visibility of feminist mobilizations The understanding of leadership mechanisms and their brakes in the collective dimension. == History == Geochicas was born in 2016, days before the annual OpenStreetMap State of the Map LatAm 2016 conference, in São Paulo, Brazil, with the aim of discussing in a panel that would be proposed as a permanent activity, the causes and implications of the low participation of women in the construction of the map. The conclusions of this panel and forum with the total number of attendees allowed us to build the initial agenda of Geochicas, and link the first members. The idea arose from three participants, Miriam González, Selene Yang and Céline Jacquin, who with this purpose participated in the organization of activities at SOTM in São Paulo. They organized a previous meeting between women attendees


id: girl-develop-it-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_Develop_It-0.md
category: reference
title: Girl Develop It
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_Develop_It
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:12.259346+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: girl-develop-it-20260505-0
summary:
Girl Develop It (GDI) is a nonprofit organization devoted to getting women the materials they need to pursue careers in software development. Founded in 2010 in New York City, GDI provides affordable programs for adult women interested in learning web and software development in a judgment-free environment. GDI's mission is to give women of any income level, nationality, education level, and upbringing an environment in which to learn the skills to build websites and learn code to build programs with hands-on classes. Although at one time active in both the United States and Canada, GDI currently maintains active community chapters exclusively in the United States. In 2018, responding to allegations of racism that had been leveled towards both staff and chapter leaders within the organization, the majority of active chapter leaders, volunteers, and organizers issued a letter to the board demanding a change in leadership and active transparency from the organization. == History == Girl Develop It was started in 2010 by Vanessa Hurst and Sara Chipps in New York City. GDI started with just one class that sold out in one day. In 2017, the organization reported chapters in 53 cities in 33 states and districts in the United


id: girl-geek-dinners-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_Geek_Dinners-0.md
category: reference
title: Girl Geek Dinners
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_Geek_Dinners
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:13.511029+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: girl-geek-dinners-20260505-0
summary:
Girl Geek Dinners is an informal organisation that promotes women in the information technology industry, with 64 established chapters in 23 countries. The organisation was founded in London, United Kingdom, by software engineer Sarah Lamb (née Blow), who felt women were under-represented at information technology events after attending a geek dinner in 2005. Chapters organise local events featuring both female and male speakers with mostly female attendees. Events are different from geek dinners in that men can only attend as invited guests of women, ensuring that women will never be outnumbered by men at events. A typical event is an informal dinner, followed by one or more presentations by featured speakers. == Chapters == Girl Geek Scotland (GGS) Girl Geek X, formerly known as Bay Area Girl Geek Dinners (San Francisco) (BAGGD) Girl Geek Dinners Sydney Reading Girl Geek Dinners (RGGD) Girl Geekdinners Berlin (ggdb) Manchester Girl Geeks (mgg) Girl Geek Dinners Milano (GGD MI) Girl Geek Dinners Nordest (GGDNE - Italy) Bath Girl Geek Dinners (UK) Bristol Girl Geek Dinners (UK) Girl Geek Dinners Oslo (Norway) Girl Geek Dinners Bergen (Norway) Girl Geek Dinners Kristiansand (Norway) Girl Geek Dinners (Boulder/Denver) Boston Girl Geek Dinners Zurich Girl Geek Dinners Girl


id: girl-geek-scotland-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_Geek_Scotland-0.md
category: reference
title: Girl Geek Scotland
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_Geek_Scotland
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:33:14.687384+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: girl-geek-scotland-20260505-0
summary:
Girl Geek Scotland (GGS) is a Scottish volunteer group that promotes women's engagement in the information technology industry. It was established in 2008 and is part of the Girl Geek Dinners network. GGS held its first Girl Geek Dinner in Dundee in February 2009, with a group being established in Edinburgh shortly after. GGS has received funding from the UKRC, Scottish Informatics and Computer Science Alliance, and WYLLN, among other groups. In late 2009, Girl Geek Scotland won funding from Informatic Ventures in Edinburgh, to develop three intensive residential workshops for 2010 on the subjects of 'Creativity into business', 'Developing a Funding Strategy' and 'Negotiation Strategies and Techniques'. The Workshops are for women in pre-start-up business; start-up businesses and existing businesses in the technology sector in Scotland. In 2010, the Speaker Series was launched in Dundee Contemporary Arts by Silicon Valley entrepreneur Shanna Tellerman, who at the time was the CEO of Wildpockets, a spin-out company from Carnegie Mellon University's Entertainment Technology Center. == References == == External links == www.girlgeekscotland.com Simpson, Morna (24 February 2016). "Why the IT Crowd needs more women". FutureScot. Retrieved 15 July 2024. Girl Geek Scotland aims to draw attention to this issue as a


