# kb

id: master-of-science-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Science-2.md
category: reference
title: Master of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:20.343874+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: master-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
== Norway == Norway follows the Bologna Process. For engineering, the Master of Science academic degree has been recently introduced and has replaced the previous award forms "Sivilingeniør" (engineer, a.k.a. engineering master) and "Hovedfag" (academic master). Both were awarded after 5 years of university-level studies and required the completion of a scientific thesis. "Siv.ing", is a protected title traditionally awarded to engineering students who completed a five-year education at The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Norwegian: Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, NTNU) or other university programs deemed to be equivalent in academic merit. Historically there was no bachelor's degree involved and today's program is a five years master's degree education. The "Siv.ing" title is in the process of being phased out, replaced by (for now, complemented by) the "M.Sc." title. By and large, "Siv.ing" is a title tightly being held on to for the sake of tradition. In academia, the new program offers separate three-year bachelor and two-year master programs. It is awarded in the natural sciences, mathematics and computer science fields. The completion of a scientific thesis is required. All master's degrees are designed to certify a level of education and qualify for a doctorate program. Master of Science in


id: master-of-science-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Science-3.md
category: reference
title: Master of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:20.343874+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: master-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
== United Kingdom == The Master of Science (MSc) is typically a taught postgraduate degree, involving lectures, examinations and a project dissertation (normally taking up a third of the program). Master's programs usually involve a minimum of 1 year of full-time study (180 UK credits, of which 150 must be at master's level) and sometimes up to 2 years of full-time study (or the equivalent period part-time). Taught master's degrees are normally classified into Pass, Merit and Distinction (although some universities do not give Merit). Some universities also offer MSc by research programs, where a longer project or set of projects is undertaken full-time; master's degrees by research are normally pass/fail, although some universities may offer a distinction. The more recent Master in Science (MSci) degree (Master of Natural Sciences at the University of Cambridge), is an undergraduate (UG) level integrated master's degree offered by UK institutions since the 1990s. It is offered as a first degree with the first three (four in Scotland) years similar to a BSc course and a final year (120 UK credits) at master's level, including a dissertation. The final MSci qualification is thus at the same level as a traditional MSc. == United States


id: master-of-science-in-information-technology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Science_in_Information_Technology-0.md
category: reference
title: Master of Science in Information Technology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Science_in_Information_Technology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:21.648744+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: master-of-science-in-information-technology-20260505-0
summary:
A Master of Science in Information Technology (abbreviated M.Sc.IT, MScIT or MSIT) is a master's degree in the field of information technology awarded by universities in many countries or a person holding such a degree. The MSIT degree is designed for those managing information technology, especially the information systems development process. The MSIT degree is functionally equivalent to a Master of Information Systems Management, which is one of several specialized master's degree programs recognized by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). One can become a software engineer and data scientist after completing an MSIT degree. == Curriculum == A joint committee of Association for Information Systems (AIS) and Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) members develop a model curriculum for the Master of Science in Information Systems (MSIT). The most recent version of the MSIS Model Curriculum was published in 2016. == Course and variants == The course of study is concentrated around the Information Systems discipline. The core courses are (typically) Systems analysis, Systems design, Data Communications, Database design, Project management and Security. The degree typically includes coursework in both computer science and business skills, but the core curriculum might depend on the school and result in


id: meta-academic-company-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_(academic_company)-0.md
category: reference
title: Meta (academic company)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_(academic_company)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:22.918942+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: meta-academic-company-20260505-0
summary:
Meta was a Canadian artificial intelligence company that specialized in analyzing and organizing knowledge from the text of scientific literature using machine learning. Founded in 2010 by siblings Sam Molyneux and Amy Molyneux in Toronto, Canada, and backed by institutional venture capital investors, the company developed AI-powered tools. Meta's assets were later transferred to Facebook Inc. to enable its rebranding to Meta Platforms Inc. in 2021 by the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative and shut down in 2021, effective in 2022. == History == History Founding and Early Development Meta Inc. was founded initially as Sciencescape Inc., in Toronto. The idea for the company emerged from Sam Molyneux's experience as a cancer genomics researcher when he discovered that similar research findings had been published while he was working on related projects. The company initially focused on developing AI-powered knowledge tools to help researchers navigate the overwhelming volume of scientific publications. The platform was designed to address information overload in modern scientific research. === Beginning === Meta Inc., formerly Sciencescape Inc., was founded in 2010 by Sam and Amy Molyneux. Before co-founding Meta, Sam Molyneux studied cancer genomics at the Ontario Cancer Institute at Princess Margaret Hospital in Toronto. The service was developed


id: minibeast-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minibeast-0.md
category: reference
title: Minibeast
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minibeast
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:24.224686+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: minibeast-20260505-0
summary:
In the context of ecological literacy, arthropods and other small invertebrates are often referred to by informal names such as minibeasts, bugs, creepy crawlies (-ie and -y in the singular), or minifauna (contrasting with megafauna). The term is used for spiders, insects, woodlice, centipedes, slugs, snails, worms and many other animals. == Definition == The United Kingdom–based Young People's Charitable Trust defines them as "small animals" in a factsheet written for young readers. There is a "Minibeast Zooseum" in Michigan dedicated to invertebrates. Minibeasts, as indicated by their name, are generally miniature compared to pets and livestock that people are more often familiar with. The study of minibeasts is common as part of the primary school curriculum. Studying minibeasts is a very effective way to observe many biological concepts first hand, which is not possible with many larger animals. Life cycles, food chains, and bodily structure and function are just some of the basic elements of biological science which can be easily explained using minibeasts. "Bugs Alive!" at Melbourne Museum features a huge number of live minibeasts with detailed information about them, while services such as "Minibeast Wildlife" and "Travelbugs" take live minibeasts to school and provide educational resources. ==


id: mobile-laboratory-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_laboratory-0.md
category: reference
title: Mobile laboratory
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_laboratory
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:25.404032+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: mobile-laboratory-20260505-0
summary:
A mobile laboratory is a laboratory that is either fully housed within or transported by a vehicle such as a converted bus, RV, or tractor-trailer. Such vehicles can serve a variety of functions, including: Science education Science research Air, water, and soil analysis and monitoring Biosafety == Mobile Teaching Laboratories == A novel use of the mobile laboratory is in science education. In some cases, the mobile laboratory travels to schools, museums, and other community organizations, providing the schools with educational resources which they otherwise lack. The mobile laboratory coalition is a loose partnership of groups that provide such services. In other cases, students must also travel to the mobile lab, such as when the lab takes the form of a boat or a train. Mobile laboratories have recently been gaining favor from the National Institutes of Health, in the form of the particular mobile laboratories such as the Biobus located in New York and Georgia State University's Bio-Bus Program located in Atlanta, GA and the Boston University MobileLab, as a way to develop knowledge and understanding regarding biotechnology and medicine amongst the United States population. The practice of mobile teaching labs exists outside the USA as well with examples,


id: moscow-state-university-of-fine-chemical-technologies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University_of_Fine_Chemical_Technologies-0.md
category: reference
title: Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University_of_Fine_Chemical_Technologies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:26.619976+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: moscow-state-university-of-fine-chemical-technologies-20260505-0
summary:
Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov (traditional abbreviation "MITHT") is one of the oldest universities in the country that offer training in a wide range of specialties in the field of chemical technology. Currently, there are more than 4,500 students in nine areas of undergraduate, 28 master's programs and 23 scientific specialties for training of candidates and doctors of science. In MITHT there are eight dissertation councils for doctoral and PhD theses. Research and teaching activities are performed by more than 400 professors and 158 scientists, including more than 120 doctors of science and professors. Located in Moscow at Vernadsky Avenue, Building 86 (new building complex) and Malaya Pirogovskaya, Building 1 (historic building). == History == History of the university and its continuing operations as a higher education institution begins 1 July 1900 and covers several stages. === Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow Higher Women Courses (1900–1918) === 1 July (14 July, New Style) 1900 was organized the Moscow Higher Women Courses (MHWC). Their structure originally consisted of two departments: History and Philosophy and Physics and Mathematics. On the last one were soon opened two offices: mathematical and natural, and after a few years


id: moscow-state-university-of-fine-chemical-technologies-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University_of_Fine_Chemical_Technologies-1.md
category: reference
title: Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University_of_Fine_Chemical_Technologies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:26.619976+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: moscow-state-university-of-fine-chemical-technologies-20260505-0
summary:
=== Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology (1930–92) === 18 April 1930 by order of the People's Commissariat second MSU was reorganized into three independent institutions: Medical (now RSMU them. Pirogov) Pedagogical (now MPSU), and Chemical Technology (now MITHT). Last transferred to the jurisdiction of the Vsehimprom VSNKh USSR. In addressing this issue directly involved Sergo Ordzhonikidze. 10 May 1931 Chemical and Pharmaceutical Faculty became an independent and received a new name – the Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology (MITHT). Historically, the name of the institute is due to the nature of objects that are studied by students: they were small capacity chemical and pharmaceutical technology, technology of platinum group metals and rare-earth elements. From this moment begins a new stage of development of the institution, which is quickly becoming one of the leading universities in the chemical industry. Front of it set the goal of training for high-tech industries of chemical technology. In MITHT the first time in the country began to train engineers on the technology of thin inorganic products, synthetic rubber, thin organic produce synthetic liquid fuels, organometallic compounds and a number of other specialties. In the process of restructuring of education at the institute have


id: moscow-state-university-of-fine-chemical-technologies-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University_of_Fine_Chemical_Technologies-2.md
category: reference
title: Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University_of_Fine_Chemical_Technologies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:26.619976+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: moscow-state-university-of-fine-chemical-technologies-20260505-0
summary:
=== Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology named after M. V. Lomonosov (1992–2011) === In 1992, the Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology named after M. V. Lomonosov has received a new, higher educational status – status of the academy. With the name change has changed the status and range of activities of the institute along with old technology, new specialty Humanitarian – Management Profile: "Economics and Management (chemical industry)", "Environmental Protection", "Standardization and Certification". These specialties are subject to major technologies and solve their narrow-profile tasks. Before the transition to a tiered structure the education of students was carried out in one direction, "Chemical Technology and Biotechnology", which consists of seven specialties. After the transition academy led training in seven areas of undergraduate, graduate five areas (including 26 master's programs) and 13 majors (including 25 majors) in full-time and part-correspondence courses, and conducted post-graduate education in 24 specialties and additional education in primary educational programs MITHT. To implement in MITHT a tiered system of higher education were opened new training units. Along with main faculties teaching of students was performed at the Faculty of Natural Science, Faculty of Humanities, Faculty of Management, Economics and Environment, Faculty of Engineering,


id: moscow-state-university-of-fine-chemical-technologies-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University_of_Fine_Chemical_Technologies-3.md
category: reference
title: Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University_of_Fine_Chemical_Technologies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:26.619976+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: moscow-state-university-of-fine-chemical-technologies-20260505-0
summary:
=== Science === Beregov, Valery Vasilievich (b. 27 February 1942) – Corresponding Member of RAMS, now head of the department in MSMU them. Sechenov. Wolfson, Nicholai Sigizmundovich (18 October 1914, Moscow, Russian Empire – 4 March 1994) – a Russian chemist who developed methods for the synthesis of vitamin A, P, K and chemicals color cinematography. Gekhman, Alexander Efimovich (b. 29 September 1949, Moscow) – Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Glushkov, Robert Georgievich (b. 10 September 1929) – Academy of Medical Sciences, the leading scientist in the field of chemistry of drugs, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1981). Dumaev, Cyril Michailovich (b. 1931) – Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Evstigneeva, Rima Porfirievna (12 February 1925, Egorevsk – 7 July 2003, Moscow) – a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, an expert in the chemistry of natural compounds, the winner of the State Prize of the USSR (1985). Developed the technology of synthesis of vitamins E and K1. Eremenko, Igor Leonidovich (b. 1950) – Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences. Karabash, Alex Georgievich. (10 February 1912 – 2003, Obninsk, Kaluga region, Russia) – Soviet and Russian chemist, inventor. One of the


id: the-naked-scientists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Naked_Scientists-0.md
category: reference
title: The Naked Scientists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Naked_Scientists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:27.783622+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-naked-scientists-20260505-0
summary:
The Naked Scientists is a one-hour audience-interactive science radio talk show broadcast live by the BBC nationally on BBC Radio 5 Live (until 12 January 2025), and internationally on Friday nights on ABC Radio National, Australia; it is also distributed globally as a podcast. The programme was created and is edited by Cambridge University consultant virologist Dr Chris Smith. Former Naked Scientists line-up members include producers Phil Sansom, Adam Murphy, and Katie Haylor, with Peter Cowley adding ad-hoc technology perspectives. == History == Dr Chris Smith launched The Naked Scientists in 2001, rebranding the programme from a previous incarnation created in 2000 called ScienceWorld. Initially on commercial local radio, the show moved to the BBC's eastern region local radio network in 2003 where it was aired on Sundays on all 8 stations across the region. In August 2012, BBC East in response to national changes to local radio provision announced an impending change to the Sunday schedule which would have seen the show discontinued. In response to public reaction, the head of BBC East, Mick Rawsthorne, was interviewed on national radio about the decision to end the programme. Rawsthorne explained that the Naked Scientists did not fit the station's core


id: nanotechnology-education-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology_education-0.md
category: reference
title: Nanotechnology education
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology_education
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:33.626583+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nanotechnology-education-20260505-0
summary:
Nanotechnology education involves a multidisciplinary natural science education with courses such as physics, chemistry, mathematics, and molecular biology. It is being offered by many universities around the world. The first program involving nanotechnology was offered by the University of Toronto's Engineering Science program, where nanotechnology could be taken as an option. Here is a partial list of universities offering nanotechnology education, and the degrees offered (Bachelor of Science, Master of Science, or PhD in Nanotechnology). == Africa == === Egypt === Nile University - master's The American University in Cairo - master's Zewail City of Science and Technology - B.Sc Cairo University - Faculty of Engineering - Masters of Science == Asia == === Hong Kong === Hong Kong University of Science and Technology - MPhil, PhD === India === VIT University, Vellore, Center for Nanotechnology Research, M.Tech. in Nanotechnology Srinivas Institute of Technology, Mangaluru, Karnataka [Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE] - B.E. Nano Technology Desh Bhagat School of Engineering, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab Desh Bhagat University - B.Tech & M.Tech with Nanotechnology Tezpur Central University, Napam, Tezpur (M.Sc & Ph.D in nanoscience and technology) Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore IITs - B.Tech & M.Tech with Nanotechnology Delhi Technological


id: nanotechnology-education-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology_education-1.md
category: reference
title: Nanotechnology education
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology_education
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:33.626583+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nanotechnology-education-20260505-0
summary:
=== Pakistan === University of the Punjab, Lahore, Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, M.S./Ph.D Program in Nanotechnology Preston Institute Of Nanoscience And Technology (PINSAT), Islamabad, B.S. Nanoscience and Technology University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, Introductory Short Courses Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, master's degree research projects Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, National Centre for Nanotechnology COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Center for Micro and Nano Devices National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, M.S. and Ph.D Nanoscience & Engineering National Institute of Bio Genetic Engineering (NIGBE), Faisalabad, Research Projects Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering & Technology (GIKI), TOPI, KPK, master's/Ph.D degree program Baha-ud-din Zakaria University, Multan Government College University (GCU), Lahore University of Sind, Karachi Peshawar University, Peshawar International Islamic University Bachelor & Master of Science in Nanotechnology === Singapore === National University of Singapore - B.Eng in Engineering Science with Nanoscience & Nanotechnology options, master's and PhD in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Specialization === Sri Lanka === Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (SLINTEC) - Ph.D & M.Phil === Thailand === Chulalongkorn University - bachelor's degree in engineering (Nano-Engineering) Mahidol University - Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Master Program Kasetsart University


id: nanotechnology-education-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology_education-2.md
category: reference
title: Nanotechnology education
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology_education
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:33.626583+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nanotechnology-education-20260505-0
summary:
=== Russia === Mendeleev Russian University of Chemistry and Technology - bachelor's Moscow State University - bachelor's, master's Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET) - bachelor's, master's Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (PFUR) - master's in engineering & technology: "Nanotechnology and Microsystem Technology" National University of Science and Technology MISIS - bachelor's, master's Samara State Aerospace University - bachelor's, master's Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR) Ural Federal University (UrFU) - bachelor's (master's) of Engineering & Technology: "Nanotechnology and Microsystem Technology", "Electronics and Nanoelectronics" (profiles: "Physical Electronics", "Functional Materials of micro-, opto-and nanoelectronics") === Spain === DFA.ua.es, Master en Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia Molecular - master's Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, bachelor's in nanoscience and nanotechnology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, master's in nanotechnology Rovira i Virgili at Tarragona, master's in nanoscience and nanotechnology === Sweden === KTH Royal Institute of Technology - master's Linköping University - master's Lund University - bachelor's, master's Chalmers University of Technology - bachelor's, master's === Switzerland === Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zurich - master's, Ph.D University of Basel - bachelor's, master's, Ph.D === United Kingdom === Bangor University - master's University of Birmingham - Ph.D University


id: nanotechnology-education-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology_education-3.md
category: reference
title: Nanotechnology education
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology_education
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:33.626583+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nanotechnology-education-20260505-0
summary:
=== United States === Arizona State University - Professional Science master's (PSM) in Nanoscience Boston University - Concentration in Nanotechnology, Minor in Nanotechnology Engineering. [1] Chippewa Valley Technical College - associate degree Cinano.com, International Association of Nano and California Institute of Nano, (CNCP) Certified Nano and Clean technology Professional-Nanotechnology Experience for Engineers College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering - B.S., M.S., Ph.D in Nanoscale Science, Nanoscale Engineering Dakota County Technical College - associate degree Danville Community College - A.A.S. in Nanotechnology Forsyth Technical Community College - Associate of Science George Mason University (Virginia) - Graduate certificate Hudson Valley Community College - associate degree, Electrical Technology: Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana - Associate of Science in Nanotechnology. [2] Johns Hopkins University - M.S. in Materials Science and Engineering with Nanotechnology Option Louisiana Tech University - B.S. Nanosystems Engineering, M.S. Molecular Sciences & Nanotechnology, Ph.D (Micro/Nanotechnology and Micro/Nanoelectronics Emphasis) North Dakota State College of Science - associate degree Northern Illinois University - Certificate in Nanotechnology Oklahoma State University–Okmulgee Institute of Technology - Associate of Technology Penn State University - Minor in Nanotechnology, M.S. Nanotechnology Portland State University - undergraduate/graduate course in support of a Ph.D program in Applied


id: nanotechnology-education-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology_education-4.md
category: reference
title: Nanotechnology education
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology_education
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:33.626583+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nanotechnology-education-20260505-0
summary:
The National Science Teacher Association, which has published a number of textbooks for nanotechnology in K-12 education, including a teacher's guide and an activity manual for hands-on experiences. Nano-Link, a notable program of the Dakota County Technical College, which has developed a variety of nanotech-related hands-on activities supported by toolkits to teach concepts in nanotechnology throughout direct lab experience. Omni Nano, which is developing comprehensive educational resources specifically designed to support a two-semester high school course, both online and in classrooms. Omni Nano also discusses issues in nanotechnology education on its dedicated blog. Nano4Me, which has a good amount of resources for K-12 education, although their program is intended for higher education. Their K-12 resources include introductory level modules and activities, interactive multimedia, and a collection of experiments and hands-on activities. Nanoscale Informal Science Education Network (NISE Network), which has a website of educational products designed to engage the public in nano science, engineering, and technology. The NISE Network also organizes NanoDays, a nationwide festival of educational programs about nanoscale science and engineering and its potential impact on the future. In Egypt, in2nano is a high school outreach program aiming to increase scientific literacy and prepare students for the sweeping


id: nasa-360-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_360-0.md
category: reference
title: NASA 360
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_360
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:35.414110+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nasa-360-20260505-0
summary:
NASA 360 is a half-hour vodcast developed by NASA in partnership with the National Institute of Aerospace. The show premiered in August 2008. It has aired on more than 450 TV stations across the country, is available on air and cruise lines, and is consistently one of the top-downloaded programs on the NASA.gov website. It is currently in its tenth season. == Description == NASA 360 is one of four programs in NASA's award-winning eClips suite of web-based shows designed to encourage careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. NASA 360 is written, produced, and edited by Timothy J. Allen, Tom Shortridge, and Scott Bednar; Rebecca Jaramillo is the Senior Educator and Project Coordinator for NASA 360, and Harla Sherwood the Principal Investigator - all of the National Institute of Aerospace. NASA 360 shows how NASA has changed and continues to change life on Earth by examining how technologies developed by or for NASA are being used in everything from space exploration to everyday consumer products. These include lithium-ion batteries, medical innovations, sporting equipment, and automotive and aircraft safety and efficiency, among many more. NASA 360 is shot on-location at NASA centers across the country, as well as at other


id: national-dinosaur-museum-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Dinosaur_Museum-0.md
category: reference
title: National Dinosaur Museum
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Dinosaur_Museum
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:36.623502+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: national-dinosaur-museum-20260505-0
summary:
National Dinosaur Museum, located in Gold Creek Village, Nicholls, Canberra, is Australia's largest permanent display of prehistoric specimens. Established in 1993, the museum has grown into one of Canberra's premier tourist attractions. The museum's exhibition takes visitors on a journey through the evolution of life, with a particular focus on dinosaurs. It features captivating indoor and outdoor exhibits with life-size replica dinosaur models, real and replica skeletons, bones, fossils, crystals, meteorites and more.The museum is believed to house the biggest fossil display in the southern hemisphere. The museum provides an engaging and educational experience for visitors of all ages, complemented by a gift shop, Dinosaur garden, and plenty of photo opportunities. With an annual patronage of 100,000 visitors, the museum is one of the most popular attractions in the Australian Capital Territory. The museum is based around the school curriculum and caters for guided tours for school groups, focusing on an interactive "touch and feel" experience. National Dinosaur Museum additionally host birthday parties, dances with dinosaurs, events for young children, private parties, corporate functions and dinosaur sleep overs during school holiday periods. Events are regularly posted to the Museum Facebook page. The National Dinosaur Museum offers an engaging and educational


id: native-scientists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Scientists-0.md
category: reference
title: Native Scientists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Scientists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:37.869876+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: native-scientists-20260505-0
summary:
Native Scientists is a non-profit organisation operating in various European countries to broaden the horizons of underserved children (6 to 16 years). It develops and implements programs that establish meaningful connections between pupils and scientists to promote science and language literacy. Other aims include inspiring migrant young people to consider careers in STEM and training scientists to communicate their work to non-scientists. According to their latest internal report, the organization has managed to establish over 20,000 connections (i.e meaningful interactions) between children and scientists through its different programs. == History == Native Scientists was founded in 2013 by two Portuguese scientists, Joana Moscoso, a biologist, and Tatiana Correia, a physicist, who met while studying in the UK. The organization was created to reduce inequalities affecting underserved children in the access to higher education and STEM subjects. In a recent publication in the OECD “The Forum Network”, Joana Moscoso, one of the founders, revealed that this motivation was rooted in personal history: “The odds for me to become a scientist were very slim. I was born a girl in the ‘80s, I grew up in a village far away from scientific or higher education institutions, my native language was not English,


id: nature-exchange-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_Exchange-0.md
category: reference
title: Nature Exchange
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_Exchange
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:39.073620+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nature-exchange-20260505-0
summary:
The Nature Exchange is a specialized learning environment that encourages people to explore nature and actively observe, collect, study and share the world around them. It is a turn-key exhibit, now used in nature-based institutions around North America. Developed by Science North and AldrichPears Associates, the Nature Exchange is an interactive forum where visitors trade ethically collected natural objects and information about them to learn and engage with the natural world. Visitors earn points for each trade, based on criteria such as quality, rarity and their knowledge of the item. Science centers, nature centers and zoos use Nature Exchanges to raise awareness of key issues in the natural world, and, through personal interaction, changes attitudes and behavior. == Locations == Telus World of Science - Edmonton, Edmonton, Alberta Canadian Bushplane Heritage Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario Chattahoochee Nature Center, Roswell, Georgia BC Wildlife Park, Kamloops, British Columbia Las Vegas Springs Preserve, Nevada Zoomazium, Woodland Park Zoo – Seattle, Washington - CLOSED Tulsa Zoo, Tulsa, Oklahoma Kidspace Children's Museum, Pasadena, California Exploration Place – Prince George, British Columbia Lacerte Family Children's Zoo, Dallas Zoo, Dallas, Texas Science North, Sudbury, Ontario Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California John P.


id: next-generation-science-standards-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Generation_Science_Standards-0.md
category: reference
title: Next Generation Science Standards
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Generation_Science_Standards
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:40.274134+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: next-generation-science-standards-20260505-0
summary:
The Next Generation Science Standards is a multi-state effort in the United States to create new education standards that are "rich in content and practice, arranged in a coherent manner across disciplines and grades to provide all students an internationally benchmarked science education." The standards were developed by a consortium of 26 states and by the National Science Teachers Association, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the National Research Council, and Achieve, a nonprofit organization that was also involved in developing math and English standards. The public was also invited to review the standards, and organizations such as the California Science Teachers Association encouraged this feedback. The final draft of the standards was released in April 2013. == Goal == The purposes of the standards include; Improve the level of scientific literacy among citizens Creating common standards for teaching in the U.S. Making science and engineering relevant for and accessible to all students Developing greater interest in science among students so that more of them choose to major in science and technology in college. Overall, the guidelines are intended to; Help students deeply understand core scientific concepts, Develop proficiency in the scientific process of developing and testing ideas,


id: one-two-three-infinity-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Two_Three..._Infinity-0.md
category: reference
title: One Two Three... Infinity
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Two_Three..._Infinity
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:41.547970+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: one-two-three-infinity-20260505-0
summary:
One Two Three... Infinity: Facts and Speculations of Science is a popular science book by theoretical physicist George Gamow, first published in 1947, but still (as of 2020) available in print and electronic formats. The book explores a wide range of fundamental concepts in mathematics and science, written at a level understandable by middle school students up through "intelligent layman" adults. The book includes many handmade illustrations by Gamow. == Synopsis == The 340-page book has four parts (marked I, II, III, and IV) and eleven chapters. In the preface, the shortness of the last part is attributed to the prior coverage in Gamow's previous books The Birth and Death of the Sun and Biography of the Earth. There are 128 illustrations that Gamow drew, "topologically transformed" from works by "numerous artists and illustrators", thanked by Gamow in the preface. A four-page index is included. In 1961 a new edition was published. In its preface, Gamow says that by luck the 1947 edition was "written just after a number of important scientific advances", so that "relatively few changes and additions were necessary". For example, Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat and Robley Williams separated tobacco mosaic virus into lifeless molecules and then recombined them


id: one-two-three-infinity-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Two_Three..._Infinity-1.md
category: reference
title: One Two Three... Infinity
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Two_Three..._Infinity
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:41.547970+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: one-two-three-infinity-20260505-0
summary:
Part III is the longest (150 pages) and begins with the "descending staircase" and the classical elements. "Plants take the largest part of the material used in the growth of their bodies ... from the air." Rust is oxidation of iron. The question "How large are the atoms?" calls for an experiment to obtain an oil film just one molecule thick. "1 cu mm of oil can cover 1 sq m of water." The law of definite proportions is stated in plain English (p. 123) as a "fundamental law of chemistry". The molecular structure of matter was uncovered with molecular beams by Otto Stern, and Lawrence Bragg invented "atomic photography" with X-rays. The section "Dissecting the atom" begins by considering oxygen to be doughnut-shaped, fitting the atoms of hydrogen forming water. Dismissing the notion, Gamow asserts that atoms are "complex mechanisms with a large number of moving parts". Through ionization, and reference to J. J. Thomson, the electron is introduced, having mass 1/1840 of the mass of a hydrogen atom. The Rutherford model of the atom, an analogy to the Solar System, is supported with reference to the percentage of mass at the center: 99.87% for the Sun and 99.97%


id: out-in-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_in_Science,_Technology,_Engineering,_and_Mathematics-0.md
category: reference
title: Out in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_in_Science,_Technology,_Engineering,_and_Mathematics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:42.712098+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: out-in-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-20260505-0
summary:
Out in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Inc., abbreviated oSTEM, is a 501(c)(3) non-profit professional society dedicated to LGBTQ+ individuals within the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) community. == History == In October of 2005. IBM sponsored a focus group where students from across the United States convened at the Human Rights Campaign headquarters in Washington, D.C. These students discussed topics relevant to LGBTQ+ communities at their colleges and universities. They debated how to structure an organization that serves students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Founded in 2009, the organization was granted 501(c)(3) status in 2010. oSTEM currently consists of more than 100 chapters across the United States and the United Kingdom. == Mission == oSTEM strives to identify, address, and advocate for the needs of LGBTQ+ students and professionals within the STEM fields. oSTEM fulfills these needs by providing networking opportunities, mentorship connections, strategic collaborations, and professional/leadership development, as well as an annual global conference. == Activities == === Conferences === oSTEM hosts annual conferences that discuss LGBTQ+ topics in STEM as well as intelligence fields. Topics discussed include inclusion, outreach, and diversity within the workplace. The goal of workshops, talks, and networking events for LGBTQ+ people


id: out-in-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_in_Science,_Technology,_Engineering,_and_Mathematics-1.md
category: reference
title: Out in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_in_Science,_Technology,_Engineering,_and_Mathematics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:42.712098+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: out-in-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-20260505-0
summary:
Region A New Jersey, New York (state), Pennsylvania Region B Delaware, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Ohio, Virginia, Washington, D.C., West Virginia Region C Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia (U.S. state), Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee Region D Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin Region E Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah, Wyoming Region F Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington (state) Region G Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont, Toronto, United Kingdom Grad region All graduate student chapters, regardless of geographic location === Professional Chapters === Professional chapters are currently being tested. Given that the organization was founded for students, it is not yet certain that professionals will find a "good fit" within oSTEM. == See also == List of LGBT-related organizations and conferences List of LGBT events == References == == External links == Shawn Wasserman, "National Conference Discusses Being Out in STEM" Archived 2017-09-23 at the Wayback Machine 11/10/2014 Hal Marz, University Programs, "oSTEM 2013 at the Google NYC Office" 2/6/2014 Camille Crittenden, Contributor, "Tech Pride: Celebrations and Challenges for LGBT Members of the Tech Community" 6/19/2017 Sarah Scoles, Science, "HOW QUEER SCIENTISTS ARE SHAPING THEIR FUTURE


id: out-to-innovate-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_to_Innovate-0.md
category: reference
title: Out to Innovate
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_to_Innovate
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:44.027624+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: out-to-innovate-20260505-0
summary:
Out to Innovate, previously known as the National Organization of Gay and Lesbian Scientists and Technical Professionals (NOGLSTP), is a professional society for professionals in science, technology, mathematics, and engineering. Each year, Out to Innovate gives the Walt Westman Award to members who helped make significant contributions to the association's mission. == History == The organization was organized along the lines of earlier organizations of gay scientists in Los Angeles and the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, and arose out of a session at the 1980 American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) meeting. It was formally organized in 1983 and incorporated in California in 1991. The foundation of the organization was in response to issues such as gay scientists not being able to get visas to immigrate to the United States or security clearances to work in government laboratories, the lack of research on LGBT health issues, and loss of productivity due to the stress of stigmatization. Much of the organization's early work related to increasing the visibility of LGBT scientists and opposing homophobia. In the 1990s, it focused on encouraging corporations to adopt nondiscrimination policies and assisted in a 1995 Government Accounting Office report that recommended


id: project-exploration-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Exploration-0.md
category: reference
title: Project Exploration
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Exploration
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:45.378166+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: project-exploration-20260505-0
summary:
Project Exploration is a not-for-profit educational program whose goal is to "change the face of science" by encouraging interest in science among students—especially girls and minorities—who traditionally have not found effective career routes into scientific disciplines. Its primary method is to create intensive collaborative relationships between students and working field researchers through structured programs involving the University of Chicago and other institutions. In January 2010, it received a Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics and Engineering Mentoring. The organization, founded in 1999, is based in Chicago, Illinois, USA. == Activities == Project Exploration currently serves nearly 1,000 students. It began as an after-school and summer program when Gabrielle Lyon, a teacher at Fiske Elementary School on the South Side of Chicago, decided that students underrepresented in the sciences, primarily girls and minorities, should be given opportunities to collaborate with actual scientists and participate in real-life scientific research. Students design research projects and test them in the field, or work summers at museums demonstrating science to young children. Sisters4Science Sisters4Science is a year-round after-school and field program that combines science exploration with leadership development for approximately 100 minority middle school girls. Girls participate in hands-on science activities led by women


