# kb

id: swell-wave-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swell_(wave)-0.md
category: reference
title: Swell (wave)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swell_(wave)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:33.463137+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: swell-wave-20260505-0
summary:
A swell, also sometimes referred to as ground swell, in the context of an ocean, sea or lake, is a series of mechanical waves that propagate along the interface between water and air under the predominating influence of gravity, and thus are often referred to as surface gravity waves. These surface gravity waves have their origin as wind waves, but are the consequence of dispersion of wind waves from distant weather systems, where wind blows for a duration of time over a fetch of water, and these waves move out from the source area at speeds that are a function of wave period and length. More generally, a swell consists of wind-generated waves that are not greatly affected by the local wind at that time. Swell waves often have a relatively long wavelength, as short wavelength waves carry less energy and dissipate faster, but this varies due to the size, strength, and duration of the weather system responsible for the swell and the size of the water body, and varies from event to event, and from the same event, over time. Occasionally, swells that are longer than 700 m occur as a result of the most severe storms. Swell direction


id: swell-wave-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swell_(wave)-1.md
category: reference
title: Swell (wave)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swell_(wave)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:33.463137+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: swell-wave-20260505-0
summary:
The water is originally at rest; The water is inviscid; The water is irrotational; The normal pressure to the water surface from the turbulent wind is randomly distributed; and Correlations between air and water motions are neglected. From "wind shear forces": In 1957, John W. Miles suggested a surface wave generation mechanism that is initiated by turbulent wind shear flows, U a ( y ) {\displaystyle Ua(y)} , based on the inviscid Orr-Sommerfeld equation. He found that the energy transfer from wind to water surface as a wave speed, c {\displaystyle c} , is proportional to the curvature of the velocity profile of wind, U a ″ ( y ) {\displaystyle Ua''(y)} , at the point where the mean wind speed is equal to the wave speed ( U a = c {\displaystyle Ua=c} , where U a {\displaystyle Ua} is the mean turbulent wind speed). Since the wind profile, U a ( y ) {\displaystyle Ua(y)} , is logarithmic to the water surface, the curvature, U a ″ ( y ) {\displaystyle Ua''(y)} , has a negative sign at point U a = c {\displaystyle Ua=c} . This relation shows the wind flow transferring its kinetic energy to the


id: swell-wave-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swell_(wave)-2.md
category: reference
title: Swell (wave)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swell_(wave)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:33.463137+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: swell-wave-20260505-0
summary:
== Dissipation == The dissipation of swell energy is much stronger for short waves, which is why swells from distant storms are only long waves. The dissipation of waves with periods larger than 13 seconds is very weak but still significant at the scale of the Pacific Ocean. These long swells lose half of their energy over a distance that varies from over 20,000 km (half the distance round the globe) to just over 2,000 km. This variation was found to be a systematic function of the swell steepness: the ratio of the swell height to the wavelength. The reason for this behavior is still unclear, but it is possible that this dissipation is due to the friction at the air-sea interface. == Swell dispersion and wave groups == Swells are often created by storms thousands of nautical miles away from the shores where they break, and the propagation of the longest swells is primarily limited by shorelines. For example, swells generated in the Indian Ocean have been recorded in California after more than half a round-the-world trip. This distance allows the waves comprising the swells to be better sorted and free of chop as they travel toward the coast.


id: tombolo-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombolo-0.md
category: reference
title: Tombolo
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombolo
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:34.663042+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: tombolo-20260505-0
summary:
A tombolo is a sandy or shingle isthmus. It is a deposition landform by which an island becomes attached to the mainland by a narrow piece of land such as a spit or bar. Once attached, the island is then known as a tied island. The word tombolo is from the Italian tombolo, meaning 'pillow' or 'cushion', and sometimes translated incorrectly as ayre (an ayre is a shingle beach of any kind). Several islands tied together by bars which rise above the water level are called a tombolo cluster. Two or more tombolos may form an enclosure (called a lagoon) that can eventually fill with sediment. == Formation == The shoreline moves toward the island (or detached breakwater) owing to the accretion of sand in the lee of the island, where wave energy and longshore drift are reduced and therefore deposition of sand occurs. === Wave diffraction and refraction === True tombolos are formed by wave refraction and diffraction. As waves near an island, they are slowed by the shallow water surrounding it. These waves then bend around the island to the opposite side as they approach. The wave pattern created by this water movement causes a convergence of longshore


id: trochoidal-wave-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochoidal_wave-0.md
category: reference
title: Trochoidal wave
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochoidal_wave
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:35.869398+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: trochoidal-wave-20260505-0
summary:
In fluid dynamics, a trochoidal wave or Gerstner wave is an exact solution of the Euler equations for periodic surface gravity waves. It describes a progressive wave of permanent form on the surface of an incompressible fluid of infinite depth. The free surface of this wave solution is an inverted (upside-down) trochoid – with sharper crests and flat troughs. This wave solution was discovered by Gerstner in 1802, and rediscovered independently by Rankine in 1863. The flow field associated with the trochoidal wave is not irrotational: it has vorticity. The vorticity is of such a specific strength and vertical distribution that the trajectories of the fluid parcels are closed circles. This is in contrast with the usual experimental observation of Stokes drift associated with the wave motion. Also the phase speed is independent of the trochoidal wave's amplitude, unlike other nonlinear wave-theories (like those of the Stokes wave and cnoidal wave) and observations. For these reasons – as well as for the fact that solutions for finite fluid depth are lacking – trochoidal waves are of limited use for engineering applications. In computer graphics, the rendering of realistic-looking ocean waves can be done by use of so-called Gerstner waves. This


id: trochoidal-wave-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochoidal_wave-1.md
category: reference
title: Trochoidal wave
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochoidal_wave
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:35.869398+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: trochoidal-wave-20260505-0
summary:
A multi-component and multi-directional extension of the Lagrangian description of the free-surface motion – as used in Gerstner's trochoidal wave – is used in computer graphics for the simulation of ocean waves. For the classical Gerstner wave the fluid motion exactly satisfies the nonlinear, incompressible and inviscid flow equations below the free surface. However, the extended Gerstner waves do in general not satisfy these flow equations exactly (although they satisfy them approximately, i.e. for the linearised Lagrangian description by potential flow). This description of the ocean can be programmed very efficiently by use of the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Moreover, the resulting ocean waves from this process look realistic, as a result of the nonlinear deformation of the free surface (due to the Lagrangian specification of the motion): sharper crests and flatter troughs. The mathematical description of the free-surface in these Gerstner waves can be as follows: the horizontal coordinates are denoted as x {\displaystyle x} and z {\displaystyle z} , and the vertical coordinate is y {\displaystyle y} . The mean level of the free surface is at y = 0 {\displaystyle y=0} and the positive y {\displaystyle y} -direction is upward, opposing the Earth's gravity of strength g


id: water-mass-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_mass-0.md
category: reference
title: Water mass
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_mass
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:37.092878+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: water-mass-20260505-0
summary:
An oceanographic water mass is an identifiable body of water with a common formation history which has physical properties distinct from surrounding water. Properties include temperature, salinity, chemical - isotopic ratios, and other physical quantities which are conservative flow tracers. Water mass is also identified by its non-conservative flow tracers such as silicate, nitrate, oxygen, and phosphate. Water masses are generally distinguished not only by their respective tracers but also by their location in the Worlds' oceans. Water masses are also distinguished by their vertical position so that there are surface water masses, intermediate water masses and deep water masses. == Global water masses == Common water masses in the world ocean are: Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW): Antarctic Bottom Water is a very important water mass. Antarctic Bottom Water is the left over part when sea ice is being made. It is very cold but, not quite freezing so the water moves down and along the ocean floor. North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW) North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) The central waters of various oceanic basins Various ocean surface waters. == Characteristics of water masses


id: wave-shoaling-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_shoaling-0.md
category: reference
title: Wave shoaling
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_shoaling
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:38.331621+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wave-shoaling-20260505-0
summary:
In fluid dynamics, wave shoaling is the effect by which surface waves, entering shallower water, increase in wave height. It is caused by the fact that the group velocity, which is also the wave-energy transport velocity, decreases with water depth. Under stationary conditions, a decrease in transport speed must be compensated by an increase in energy density in order to maintain a constant energy flux. Shoaling waves will also exhibit a reduction in wavelength while the frequency remains constant. In other words, as the waves approach the shore and the water gets shallower, the waves get taller, slow down, and get closer together. Particularly in a waterbody shallow enough for its surface to be affected by its bottom and where depth contours parallel the shore, a wave packet that does dissipate its energy by breaking will rise in height as it enters yet shallower water. This is plainly evident for tsunamis as they wax in height when approaching a coastline, often with devastating results. == Overview == Waves nearing the coast experience changes in wave height through different effects. Some of the important wave processes are refraction, diffraction, reflection, wave breaking, wave–current interaction, friction, wave growth due to the wind,


id: wind-generated-current-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_generated_current-0.md
category: reference
title: Wind generated current
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_generated_current
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:39.758432+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wind-generated-current-20260505-0
summary:
A Wind generated current is a flow in a body of water that is generated by wind friction on its surface. Wind can generate surface currents on water bodies of any size. The depth and strength of the current depend on the wind strength and duration, and on friction and viscosity losses, but are limited to about 400 m depth by the mechanism, and to lesser depths where the water is shallower. The direction of flow is influenced by the Coriolis effect, and is offset to the right of the wind direction in the Northern Hemisphere, and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. A wind current can induce secondary water flow in the form of upwelling and downwelling, geostrophic flow, and western boundary currents. == Mechanism == Friction between wind and the upper surface of a body of water will drag the water surface along with the wind The surface layer will exert viscous drag on the water just below, which will transfer some of the momentum. This process continues downward, with a continuous reduction in speed of flow with increasing depth as the energy is dissipated. The inertial effect of planetary rotation causes an offset of flow direction


id: wind-generated-current-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_generated_current-1.md
category: reference
title: Wind generated current
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_generated_current
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:39.758432+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wind-generated-current-20260505-0
summary:
Downwelling occurs at anti-cyclonic places of the ocean where warm core rings cause surface convergence and push the surface water downwards, or wind drives the sea towards a coastline. Regions that have downwelling generally have lower productivity because the nutrients in the water column are utilized but are not resupplied by nutrient-rich water from deeper below the surface. == Oceanic wind driven currents == Western boundary Gulf Stream – Warm Atlantic Ocean current Agulhas Current – Southwest Indian Ocean current off Africa's east coast Kuroshio Current – North-flowing current in the northwest Pacific Ocean Eastern boundary Benguela Current – Ocean current in the South Atlantic Humboldt Current – Current of the Pacific Ocean California Current – Pacific Ocean current Equatorial North Equatorial Current – Current in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans South Equatorial Current – Ocean current in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean Arctic Atlantic Canary Current – Wind-driven surface current that is part of the North Atlantic Gyre Pacific Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current, also known as West Wind Drift – Ocean current that flows clockwise from west to east around Antarctica Oceanic gyres Beaufort Gyre – Wind-driven ocean current in the Arctic Ocean polar region Indian Ocean Gyre


id: wind-wave-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_wave-0.md
category: reference
title: Wind wave
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_wave
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:41.303167+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wind-wave-20260505-0
summary:
In fluid dynamics, a wind wave, or wind-generated water wave, is a surface wave that occurs on the free surface of bodies of water as a result of the wind blowing over the water's surface. The contact distance in the direction of the wind is known as the fetch. Waves in the oceans can travel thousands of kilometers before reaching land. Wind waves on Earth range in size from small ripples to waves over 30 m (100 ft) high, being limited by wind speed, duration, fetch, and water depth. When directly generated and affected by local wind, a wind wave system is called a wind sea. Wind waves will travel in a great circle route after being generated – curving slightly left in the southern hemisphere and slightly right in the northern hemisphere. After moving out of the area of fetch and no longer being affected by the local wind, wind waves are called swells and can travel thousands of kilometers. A noteworthy example of this is waves generated south of Tasmania during heavy winds that will travel across the Pacific to southern California, producing desirable surfing conditions. Wind waves in the ocean are also called ocean surface waves and


id: wind-wave-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_wave-1.md
category: reference
title: Wind wave
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_wave
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:41.303167+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wind-wave-20260505-0
summary:
Turbulent wind forms random pressure fluctuations at the sea surface. Ripples with wavelengths in the order of a few centimeters are generated by the pressure fluctuations. (The Phillips mechanism) The winds keep acting on the initially rippled sea surface causing the waves to become larger. As the waves grow, the pressure differences get larger causing the growth rate to increase. Finally, the shear instability expedites the wave growth exponentially. (The Miles mechanism) The interactions between the waves on the surface generate longer waves and the interaction will transfer wave energy from the shorter waves generated by the Miles mechanism to the waves which have slightly lower frequencies than the frequency at the peak wave magnitudes, then finally the waves will be faster than the crosswind speed (Pierson & Moskowitz). == Types == Three different types of wind waves develop over time: Capillary waves, or ripples, dominated by surface tension effects. Gravity waves, dominated by gravitational and inertial forces. Seas, raised locally by the wind. Swells, which have traveled away from where they were raised by the wind, and have to a greater or lesser extent dispersed. Ripples appear on smooth water when the wind blows, but will die quickly if


id: wind-wave-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_wave-2.md
category: reference
title: Wind wave
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_wave
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:41.303167+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wind-wave-20260505-0
summary:
where C is speed (in meters per second), g is the acceleration due to gravity, and d is the depth of the water (in meters). The period of a wave remains unchanged regardless of the depth of water through which it is moving. As deep-water waves enter the shallows and feel the bottom, however, their speed is reduced, and their crests "bunch up", so their wavelength shortens. === Spectral models === Sea state can be described by the sea wave spectrum or just wave spectrum S ( ω , Θ ) {\displaystyle S(\omega ,\Theta )} . It is composed of a wave height spectrum (WHS) S ( ω ) {\displaystyle S(\omega )} and a wave direction spectrum (WDS) f ( Θ ) {\displaystyle f(\Theta )} . Many interesting properties about the sea state can be found from the wave spectra. WHS describes the spectral density of wave height variance ("power") versus wave frequency, with dimension { S ( ω ) } = { length 2 ⋅ time } {\displaystyle \{S(\omega )\}=\{{\text{length}}^{2}\cdot {\text{time}}\}} . The relationship between the spectrum S ( ω j ) {\displaystyle S(\omega _{j})} and the wave amplitude A j {\displaystyle A_{j}} for a wave component j {\displaystyle


id: wind-wave-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_wave-3.md
category: reference
title: Wind wave
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_wave
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:41.303167+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wind-wave-20260505-0
summary:
Some waves undergo a phenomenon called "breaking". A breaking wave is one whose base can no longer support its top, causing it to collapse. A wave breaks when it runs into shallow water, or when two wave systems oppose and combine forces. When the slope, or steepness ratio, of a wave, is too great, breaking is inevitable. Individual waves in deep water break when the wave steepness—the ratio of the wave height H to the wavelength λ—exceeds about 0.17, so for H > 0.17 λ. In shallow water, with the water depth small compared to the wavelength, the individual waves break when their wave height H is larger than 0.8 times the water depth h, that is H > 0.8 h. Waves can also break if the wind grows strong enough to blow the crest off the base of the wave. In shallow water, the base of the wave is decelerated by drag on the seabed. As a result, the upper parts will propagate at a higher velocity than the base and the leading face of the crest will become steeper and the trailing face flatter. This may be exaggerated to the extent that the leading face forms a barrel


id: wind-wave-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_wave-4.md
category: reference
title: Wind wave
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_wave
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:41.303167+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wind-wave-20260505-0
summary:
In SI units, with c deep {\displaystyle c_{\text{deep}}} in m/s, c deep ≈ 1.25 λ {\displaystyle c_{\text{deep}}\approx 1.25{\sqrt {\lambda }}} , when λ {\displaystyle \lambda } is measured in metres. This expression tells us that waves of different wavelengths travel at different speeds. The fastest waves in a storm are the ones with the longest wavelength. As a result, after a storm, the first waves to arrive on the coast are the long-wavelength swells. For intermediate and shallow water, the Boussinesq equations are applicable, combining frequency dispersion and nonlinear effects. And in very shallow water, the shallow water equations can be used. If the wavelength is very long compared to the water depth, the phase speed (by taking the limit of c when the wavelength approaches infinity) can be approximated by c shallow = lim λ → ∞ c = g d . {\displaystyle c_{\text{shallow}}=\lim _{\lambda \rightarrow \infty }c={\sqrt {gd}}.} On the other hand, for very short wavelengths, surface tension plays an important role and the phase speed of these gravity-capillary waves can (in deep water) be approximated by c gravity-capillary = g λ 2 π + 2 π S ρ λ {\displaystyle c_{\text{gravity-capillary}}={\sqrt {{\frac {g\lambda }{2\pi }}+{\frac {2\pi S}{\rho


id: wind-wave-dissipation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind-wave_dissipation-0.md
category: reference
title: Wind-wave dissipation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind-wave_dissipation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:42.501498+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wind-wave-dissipation-20260505-0
summary:
Wind-wave dissipation or "swell dissipation" is process in which a wave generated via a weather system loses its mechanical energy transferred from the atmosphere via wind. Wind waves, as their name suggests, are generated by wind transferring energy from the atmosphere to the ocean's surface, capillary gravity waves play an essential role in this effect, "wind waves" or "swell" are also known as surface gravity waves. == General physics and theory == The process of wind-wave dissipation can be explained by applying energy spectrum theory in a similar manner as for the formation of wind-waves (generally assuming spectral dissipation is a function of wave spectrum). However, although even some of recent innovative improvements for field observations (such as Banner & Babanin et al. ) have contributed to solve the riddles of wave breaking behaviors, unfortunately there hasn't been a clear understanding for exact theories of the wind wave dissipation process still yet because of its non-linear behaviors. By past and present observations and derived theories, the physics of the ocean-wave dissipation can be categorized by its passing regions along to water depth. In deep water, wave dissipation occurs by the actions of friction or drag forces such as opposite-directed winds


id: windwatt-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windwatt-0.md
category: reference
title: Windwatt
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windwatt
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:43.767326+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: windwatt-20260505-0
summary:
Windwatt (German pronunciation: [ˈvɪntvat]) is a mudflat exposed as a result of wind action on water. They occur especially in the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park on Germany's Baltic Sea coast. The term is German. Unlike the Wadden Sea along Europe's North Sea coast, the shallow water zones of the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park are largely unaffected by oceanic tides. When there are strong winds in a certain direction, however, water is driven out of the lagoons (the so-called bodden) into the Baltic Sea, so that several particularly shallow areas of mud become exposed and dry out. The water flows back when the wind turns again. These Windwatten are a major source of food for migrating birds in the autumn. For the Crane, which cross Western Pomeranian Bodden country during migration, the Windwatten are one of the most important resting areas in Western Europe. == References ==


id: zooplankton-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooplankton-0.md
category: reference
title: Zooplankton
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooplankton
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:45.054505+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: zooplankton-20260505-0
summary:
Zooplankton are the heterotrophic component of the planktonic community, having to consume other organisms to thrive. The name comes from Ancient Greek ζῷον (zōîon), meaning "animal", and πλαγκτός (planktós), meaning "drifter, wanderer, roamer", and thus, "animal drifter". Plankton are aquatic organisms that are unable to swim effectively against currents. Consequently, they drift or are carried along by currents in the ocean, or by currents in seas, lakes or rivers. Zooplankton can be contrasted with phytoplankton (cyanobacteria and microalgae), which are the plant-like component of the plankton community (the "phyto-" prefix comes from Ancient Greek: φῠτόν, romanized: phutón, lit. 'plant', although taxonomically not plants). Zooplankton are heterotrophic (other-feeding), whereas phytoplankton are autotrophic (self-feeding), often generating biological energy and macromolecules through chlorophyllic carbon fixation using sunlight – in other words, zooplankton cannot manufacture their own food, while phytoplankton can. As a result, zooplankton must acquire nutrients by feeding on other organisms such as phytoplankton, which are generally smaller than zooplankton. Most zooplankton are microscopic but some (such as jellyfish) are macroscopic, meaning they can be seen with the naked eye. Many protozoans (single-celled protists that prey on other microscopic life) are zooplankton, including zooflagellates, foraminiferans, radiolarians, some dinoflagellates and marine microanimals. Macroscopic


id: zooplankton-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooplankton-1.md
category: reference
title: Zooplankton
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooplankton
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:45.054505+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: zooplankton-20260505-0
summary:
== Size classification == Body size has been defined as a "master trait" for plankton as it is a morphological characteristic shared by organisms across taxonomy that characterises the functions performed by organisms in ecosystems. It has a paramount effect on growth, reproduction, feeding strategies and mortality. One of the oldest manifestations of the biogeography of traits was proposed over 170 years ago, namely Bergmann's rule, in which field observations showed that larger species tend to be found at higher, colder latitudes. In the oceans, size is critical in determining trophic links in planktonic ecosystems and is thus a critical factor in regulating the efficiency of the biological carbon pump. Body size is sensitive to changes in temperature due to the thermal dependence of physiological processes. The plankton is mainly composed of ectotherms which are organisms that do not generate sufficient metabolic heat to elevate their body temperature, so their metabolic processes depends on external temperature. Consequently, ectotherms grow more slowly and reach maturity at a larger body size in colder environments, which has long puzzled biologists because classic theories of life-history evolution predict smaller adult sizes in environments delaying growth. This pattern of body size variation, known as the


id: zooplankton-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooplankton-2.md
category: reference
title: Zooplankton
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooplankton
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:45.054505+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: zooplankton-20260505-0
summary:
Protozooplankton refers to protist zooplankton (planktonic protozoans). All protozooplankton are protozoans, but not all protozoans are protozooplankton, since some live in environments like soil or as parasites. Marine planktonic protozoans include zooflagellates, foraminiferans, radiolarians and some dinoflagellates. Protozoans are protists that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris. Historically, the protozoa were regarded as "one-celled animals", because they often possess animal-like behaviours, such as motility and predation, and lack a cell wall, as found in plants and many algae. Although the traditional practice of grouping protozoa with animals is no longer considered valid, the term continues to be used in a loose way to identify single-celled organisms that can move independently and feed by heterotrophy. ==== Radiolarians ==== Radiolarians are unicellular predatory protists encased in elaborate globular shells usually made of silica and pierced with holes. Their name comes from the Latin for "radius". They catch prey by extending parts of their body through the holes. As with the silica frustules of diatoms, radiolarian shells can sink to the ocean floor when radiolarians die and become preserved as part of the ocean sediment. These remains, as microfossils, provide valuable information about past oceanic conditions.


id: zooplankton-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooplankton-3.md
category: reference
title: Zooplankton
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooplankton
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:45.054505+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: zooplankton-20260505-0
summary:
==== Ichthyoplankton ==== Ichthyoplankton are the eggs and larvae of fish ("ichthyo" comes from the Greek word for fish). They are planktonic because they cannot swim effectively under their own power, but must drift with the ocean currents. Fish eggs cannot swim at all, and are unambiguously planktonic. Early stage larvae swim poorly, but later stage larvae swim better and cease to be planktonic as they grow into juvenile fish. Fish larvae are part of the zooplankton that eat smaller plankton, while fish eggs carry their own food supply. Both eggs and larvae are themselves eaten by larger animals. ==== Gelatinous zooplankton ==== Gelatinous zooplankton include ctenophores, medusae, salps, and Chaetognatha in coastal waters. Jellyfish are slow swimmers, and most species form part of the plankton. Traditionally jellyfish have been viewed as trophic dead ends, minor players in the marine food web, gelatinous organisms with a body plan largely based on water that offers little nutritional value or interest for other organisms apart from a few specialised predators such as the ocean sunfish and the leatherback sea turtle. That view has recently been challenged. Jellyfish, and more gelatinous zooplankton in general, which include salps and ctenophores, are very diverse, fragile


id: zooplankton-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooplankton-4.md
category: reference
title: Zooplankton
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooplankton
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:45.054505+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: zooplankton-20260505-0
summary:
Excretion and sloppy feeding (the physical breakdown of food source) make up 80% and 20% of crustacean zooplankton-mediated DOM release respectively. In the same study, fecal pellet leaching was found to be an insignificant contributor. For protozoan grazers, DOM is released primarily through excretion and egestion and gelatinous zooplankton can also release DOM through the production of mucus. Leaching of fecal pellets can extend from hours to days after initial egestion and its effects can vary depending on food concentration and quality. Various factors can affect how much DOM is released from zooplankton individuals or populations. Absorption efficiency (AE) is the proportion of food absorbed by plankton that determines how available the consumed organic materials are in meeting the required physiological demands. Depending on the feeding rate and prey composition, variations in AE may lead to variations in fecal pellet production, and thus regulates how much organic material is recycled back to the marine environment. Low feeding rates typically lead to high AE and small, dense pellets, while high feeding rates typically lead to low AE and larger pellets with more organic content. Another contributing factor to DOM release is respiration rate. Physical factors such as oxygen availability, pH, and


id: formularium-slovenicum-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formularium_Slovenicum-0.md
category: reference
title: Formularium Slovenicum
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formularium_Slovenicum
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:46.684685+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: formularium-slovenicum-20260505-0
summary:
Formularium Slovenicum is Slovenian addendum to the European Pharmacopoeia. It promotes Slovenian pharmaceutical terminology and the regulations affecting the field of pharmacy in Slovenia. It has been regularly published by the Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices of the Republic of Slovenia. Slovenia does not have its own pharmacopoeia, i.e. a collection of monographs and other provisions containing legally binding regulations regarding the development, manufacture, and quality assessment of medicinal products and their ingredients as well as other information on medicinal products and their use. Since 1997, European Pharmacopoeia has been in force in the Republic of Slovenia. The alignment of provisions of the national law in the field of medicinal products and regulations at the level of the European Pharmacopoeia brought forward the need for Slovenian addendum to the European Pharmacopoeia. The committee for drafting the national addendum at the Office for Medicinal Products of the Slovenian Ministry of Health issued in June 1998 the first edition of Formularium Slovenicum. Several amendments and updated editions have followed, though the work of the committee preparing Formularium Slovenicum was interrupted between 2013 and 2018. Formularium Slovenicum supplements European Pharmacopoeia standards and provides translations of titles, complete translations of the main


id: formulary-pharmacy-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formulary_(pharmacy)-0.md
category: reference
title: Formulary (pharmacy)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formulary_(pharmacy)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:47.938196+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: formulary-pharmacy-20260505-0
summary:
A formulary is a list of pharmaceutical drugs, often decided upon by a group of people, for various reasons such as insurance coverage or use at a medical facility. Traditionally, a formulary contained a collection of formulas for the compounding and testing of medication (a resource closer to what would be referred to as a pharmacopoeia today). Today, when most prescription drugs are fully prepared by their manufacturers, the main function of a prescription formulary is to specify particular medications that are approved to be prescribed at a particular hospital, in a particular health system, or under a particular health insurance policy. The development of prescription formularies is based on evaluations of efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of drugs. Depending on the individual formulary, it may also contain additional clinical information, such as side effects, contraindications, and doses. By the turn of the millennium, 156 countries had national or provincial essential medicines lists and 135 countries had national treatment. == Australia == In Australia, where there is a public health care system, medications are subsidised under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and medications that are available under the PBS and the indications for which they can be obtained under said scheme


id: formulary-pharmacy-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formulary_(pharmacy)-1.md
category: reference
title: Formulary (pharmacy)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formulary_(pharmacy)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:47.938196+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: formulary-pharmacy-20260505-0
summary:
In the US, where a system of quasi-private healthcare is in place, a formulary is a list of prescription drugs available to enrollees, and a tiered formulary provides financial incentives for patients to select lower-cost drugs. For example, under a 3-tier formulary, the first tier typically includes generic drugs with the lowest cost sharing (e.g., 10% coinsurance), the second includes preferred brand-name drugs with higher cost sharing (e.g., 25%), and the third includes non-preferred brand-name drugs with the highest cost-sharing (e.g., 40%). When used appropriately, formularies can help manage drug costs imposed on the insurance policy. However, for drugs that are not on formulary, patients must pay a larger percentage of the cost of the drug, sometimes 100%. Formularies vary between drug plans and differ in the breadth of drugs covered and costs of co-pay and premiums. Most formularies cover at least one drug in each drug class, and encourage generic substitution (also known as a preferred drug list). Formularies have shown to cause issues in hospitals when patients are discharged when not aligned with outpatient drug insurance plans. == United Kingdom == In the UK, the National Health Service (NHS) provides publicly funded universal health care, financed by national


id: bacter-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-bacter-0.md
category: reference
title: -bacter
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-bacter
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:49.425902+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: bacter-20260505-0
summary:
The suffix -bacter is used in microbiology for many genera and is intended to mean "bacteria". == Meaning == Bacter is a Neo-Latin (i.e. Modern Latin) term coined from bacterium, which in turn derives from the Greek βακτήριον, meaning small staff (diminutive of βακτηρία). Consequently, it formally means "rod". It differs from the suffix -bacterium in grammatical gender, as the suffix -bacter is male, whereas the suffix -bacterium) is neuter; this was decided in Juridical (or Judicial) Opinion n° 3 of the Bacteriological Code. Nevertheless, for historical reasons, two archaeal species finish in -bacter: Methanobrevibacter and Methanothermobacter. == Usage == Juridical Opinion n° 2 in the Bacteriological Code discusses the declension of the word, given that authors differently assumed the genitive case of bacter to be bactris (3rd declension words of Latin origin ending in =ter), bacteri (2nd declension) or bacteris (3rd declension, used for words of Greek origin, such as astris). The Opinion opts for the latter: consequently, higher taxa are formed with the stem =bacter- and not =bactr-. In Juridical Opinion n° 3 it was established to be masculine. For example, Campylobacter is a genus of Campylobacterales. These rules were established so that the specific epithets were paired


id: monas-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-monas-0.md
category: reference
title: -monas
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-monas
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:50.635748+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: monas-20260505-0
summary:
The suffix -monas is used in microbiology for many genera and is intended to mean "unicellular organism". == Meaning == The suffix -monas found in many genera in microbiology is similar in usage to -bacter, -bacillus, -coccus or -spirillum. The genera with the suffix are not a monophyletic group and the suffix is chosen over -bacter, often simply out of stylistic preferences to match with Greek words. The first genus to be given the suffix -monas was Pseudomonas, a genus of gammaproteobacteria. The generic epithet Pseudomonas was coined by Walter Migula in 1894, who did not give an etymology. Since the 7th edition of Bergey's manual (=top authority in bacterial nomenclature), other authors have given the etymology to be: Greek pseudēs (ψευδής, false) and monas (μονάς, single unit or monad), which can mean "false unit". However, "false unit" conceptually does not make much sense, namely, it does not mean "an organism which may falsely appear as a single unit but it is not" as it is not found in multicellular chains nor was it ever described as such. One speculation is that the name was chosen simply out of aesthetics, while the most plausible theory states that Migula intended it


id: omics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omics-0.md
category: reference
title: Omics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:51.894950+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: omics-20260505-0
summary:
Omics is the collective characterization and quantification of entire sets of biological molecules and the investigation of how they translate into the structure, function, and dynamics of an organism or group of organisms. The branches of science known informally as omics are various disciplines in biology whose names end in the suffix -omics, such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics, phenomics and transcriptomics. The related suffix -ome is used to address the objects of study of such fields, such as the genome, proteome or metabolome respectively. The suffix -ome as used in molecular biology refers to a totality of some sort; it is an example of a "neo-suffix" formed by abstraction from various Greek terms in -ωμα, a sequence that does not form an identifiable suffix in Greek. Functional genomics aims at identifying the functions of as many genes as possible of a given organism. It combines different -omics techniques such as transcriptomics and proteomics with saturated mutant collections. == Origin == The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) distinguishes three different fields of application for the -ome suffix: in medicine, forming nouns with the sense "swelling, tumour" in botany or zoology, forming nouns in the sense "a part of an animal or


id: omics-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omics-1.md
category: reference
title: Omics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:51.894950+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: omics-20260505-0
summary:
Sampling methods focused on collecting representative samples of the local environment, either from oral swabs or stool. Culturomics (microbiology) is the high-throughput cell culture of bacteria that aims to comprehensively identify strains or species in samples obtained from tissues such as the human gut or from the environment. Microfluidics gut-on-a-chip devices, which simulate the conditions of the gut and allow analysis of changes to the microbiome that can be more accurately monitored than in situ. Mechanical DNA extraction techniques and gene amplification methods, such as PCR, to analyze the genomic profile of the entire microbiome. DNA fingerprinting using microarrays and hybridization techniques allow analysis of shifts in microbiota populations. Multi-omics studies allow for functional analysis of microbiota. Animal models can be used to take more accurate samples of the in situ microbiome. Germ-free animals are used to implant a specific microbiome from another organism to yield a gnotobiotic model. These can be studied to see how it changes under different environmental conditions. === Lipidomics === The lipidome is the entire complement of cellular lipids, including the modifications made to a particular set of lipids, produced by an organism or system. Lipidomics: Large-scale study of pathways and networks of lipids. Mass


id: onym-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-onym-0.md
category: reference
title: -onym
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-onym
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:53.225045+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: onym-20260505-0
summary:
The suffix -onym (from Ancient Greek: ὄνυμα, lit. 'name') is a bound morpheme, that is attached to the end of a root word, thus forming a new compound word that designates a particular class of names. In linguistic terminology, compound words that are formed with suffix -onym are most commonly used as designations for various onomastic classes. Most onomastic terms that are formed with suffix -onym are classical compounds, whose word roots are taken from classical languages (Greek and Latin). For example, onomastic terms like toponym and linguonym are typical classical (or neoclassical) compounds, formed from suffix -onym and classical (Greek and Latin) root words (Ancient Greek: τόπος / place; Latin: lingua / language). In some compounds, the -onym morpheme has been modified by replacing (or dropping) the "o". In the compounds like ananym and metanym, the correct forms (anonym and metonym) were pre-occupied by other meanings. Other, late 20th century examples, such as hypernym and characternym, are typically redundant neologisms, for which there are more traditional words formed with the full -onym (hyperonym and charactonym). The English suffix -onym is from the Ancient Greek suffix -ώνυμον (ōnymon), neuter of the suffix ώνυμος (ōnymos), having a specified kind of name,


id: onym-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-onym-1.md
category: reference
title: -onym
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-onym
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:53.225045+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: onym-20260505-0
summary:
acronym: considered to be a "word" in its original sense formed from the initials of one or more words that is pronounceable like a normal word, such as NATO, sometimes in distinction to initialism; reflecting a historical development from its component word initials agoronym: a name of a square or a marketplace. agronym: a name of a field or a plain. allonym: an author's name of another person — often, a well-known person's name; an alternative term for a pseudonym anacronym: an acronym so well-established that its origin as an abbreviation is no longer widely known and its component initials are in danger of no longer being recognized (a blend of anachronism and acronym) andronym: a male name, or a man's name adopted by a woman as a pseudonym. anonym: something created anonymously, or its creator; an unknown author; this term now generally replaced by pseudonym anemonym: name of a hurricane or violent wind anepronym: a portmanteau of anacronym and eponym; an original eponym of a trademark term that becomes so well established that it is used to define other objects that share its own definition (e.g., aspirin) anthroponym: a proper name of a human being, individual or collective. anthropotoponym:


id: onym-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-onym-2.md
category: reference
title: -onym
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-onym
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:53.225045+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: onym-20260505-0
summary:
exotoponym: a type of toponym (place name) of exonymic (foreign) origin, created and used by those who don't belong to the native population of a region in which the referred toponymic feature is located. gamonym: a name bestowed as a consequence of marriage. Judy Jones married Count Stephen Smith: her gamonyms include Mrs. Stephen Smith, Judy Smith, and Countess Smith. geonym: a name of a geographic feature, on Earth. glacionym: a name of a glacier. glossonym or glottonym: a name of a language gynonym: a female name, or a woman's name adopted by a man as a pseudonym. hagionym: a name of a saint. hagiotoponym: a type of toponym (place name) derived from a hagionym (name of a saint). helonym: a name of a swamp, marsh, or bog. heterochresonym: (biological taxonomy) see chresonym. heteronym: a word that is spelled in the same way as another but that has a different sound and meaning, for example "bow" as in "bow of a ship" or "bow and arrow" (compare "homonym") hodonym: a name of a street or road (also odonym). holonym: a word for the whole of which other words are part, in the way house contains roof, door and window; or


id: onym-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-onym-3.md
category: reference
title: -onym
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-onym
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:53.225045+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: onym-20260505-0
summary:
tautonym: a binomial or scientific name in the taxonomy of living things in which the generic and specific names are the same, such as Gorilla gorilla; a scientific name in which the specific name is repeated, such as Homo sapiens sapiens as distinct from Homo sapiens neanderthalensis; a noun component that is repeated, such as aye-aye or tom-tom; a personal name where both forename and surname are identical, such as Francis Francis taxonym: a name used for classification or identification purposes, usually signifying a relationship to something. Taxonyms include binomens, names of clades or taxas, demonyms, ethnonyms, and eponyms. Examples include canine, hominid, and Dryad. teknonym: a name that refers to a parent by the name of one of their children. textonym: a word that is generated by a single sequence of numerals keyed in to a mobile telephone; for example, 726 produces pam, ram, sam, and ran. Also called homonumeric words. theonym: a name of a god or a goddess. The names societies give their gods at times is useful in understanding the origin of their language as well as their view of a particular deity. Analysis of theonyms has been useful in understanding the connections of Indo-European languages,


id: phoresis-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-phoresis-0.md
category: reference
title: -phoresis
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-phoresis
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:54.388999+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: phoresis-20260505-0
summary:
The suffix -phoresis means "migration": Phoresis, where one organism attaches itself to another for travel. Diffusiophoresis, motion observed in liquid environments where chemical gradients are generated by contact between solutions with different solute concentrations Electrophoresis, motion of dispersed particles relative to a fluid under the influence of a spatially uniform electric field Isotachophoresis, technique in analytical chemistry used to separate charged particles Necrophoresis, disposal of bodies of dead members of their colony in social insects Thermophoresis, phenomenon observed when a mixture of two or more types of motile particles (particles able to move) is subjected to the force of a temperature gradient and the different types of particles respond to it differently == See also == Apheresis ('taking away'), where a constituent of blood is separated out and the remainder returned to the circulation == External links == The dictionary definition of -phoresis at Wiktionary


id: yllion-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-yllion-0.md
category: reference
title: -yllion
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-yllion
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:56.940379+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: yllion-20260505-0
summary:
-yllion (pronounced ) is a proposal from Donald Knuth for the terminology and symbols of an alternate decimal superbase system. In it, he adapts the familiar English terms for large numbers to provide a systematic set of names for much larger numbers. In addition to providing an extended range, -yllion also dodges the long and short scale ambiguity of -illion. Knuth's digit grouping is exponential instead of linear; each division doubles the number of digits handled, whereas the familiar system only adds three or six more. His system is basically the same as one of the ancient and now-unused Chinese numeral systems, in which units stand for 104, 108, 1016, 1032, ..., 102n, and so on (with an exception that the -yllion proposal does not use a word for thousand which the original Chinese numeral system has). Today the corresponding Chinese characters are used for 104, 108, 1012, 1016, and so on. == Details and examples == In Knuth's -yllion proposal: 1 to 999 still have their usual names. 1000 to 9999 are divided before the 2nd-last digit and named "foo hundred bar." (e.g. 1234 is "twelve hundred thirty-four"; 7623 is "seventy-six hundred twenty-three") 104 to 108 − 1 are


id: scientific-literature-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_literature-0.md
category: reference
title: Scientific literature
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_literature
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:58.587382+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: scientific-literature-20260505-0
summary:
Scientific literature encompasses a vast body of academic papers that spans various disciplines within the natural and social sciences. It primarily consists of academic papers that present original empirical research and theoretical contributions. These papers serve as essential sources of knowledge and are commonly referred to simply as "the literature" within specific research fields. The process of academic publishing involves disseminating research findings to a wider audience. Researchers submit their work to reputable journals or conferences, where it undergoes rigorous evaluation by experts in the field. This evaluation, known as peer review, ensures the quality, validity, and reliability of the research before it becomes part of the scientific literature. Peer-reviewed publications contribute significantly to advancing our understanding of the world and shaping future research endeavors. Original scientific research first published in scientific journals constitutes primary literature. Patents and technical reports, which cover minor research results and engineering and design efforts, including computer software, are also classified as primary literature. Secondary sources comprise review articles that summarize the results of published studies to underscore progress and new research directions, as well as books that tackle extensive projects or comprehensive arguments, including article compilations. Tertiary sources encompass encyclopedias and similar works designed


id: scientific-literature-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_literature-1.md
category: reference
title: Scientific literature
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_literature
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:58.587382+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: scientific-literature-20260505-0
summary:
Often, career advancement depends upon publishing in high-impact journals, which, especially in hard and applied sciences, are usually published in English. Consequently, scientists with poor English writing skills are at a disadvantage when trying to publish in these journals, regardless of the quality of the scientific study itself. Yet many international universities require publication in these high-impact journals by both their students and faculty. One way that some international authors are beginning to overcome this problem is by contracting with freelance copy editors who are native speakers of English and specialize in ESL (English as a second language) editing to polish their manuscripts' English to a level that high-impact journals will accept. === Structure and style === Although the content of an article is more important than the format, it is customary for scientific articles to follow a standard structure, which varies only slightly in different subjects. Although the IMRAD structure emphasizes the organization of content, and in scientific journal articles, each section (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) has unique conventions for scientific writing style. The following are key guidelines for formatting, although each journal etc will to some extent have its own house style: The title attracts readers' attention


id: scientific-literature-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_literature-2.md
category: reference
title: Scientific literature
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_literature
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:58.587382+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: scientific-literature-20260505-0
summary:
Honesty and integrity is a duty of each author and person, expert-reviewer and member of journal editorial boards. The peer review process contributes to quality control and it is an essential step to ascertain the standing and originality of the research. Redundant publications: Publications generally should contain new unpublished material. Data fabrication is the process of purposefully changing data to make the information more in the favor of the author. Ethical standards: Recent journal editorials presented some experience of unscrupulous activities. Human welfare concerns: The guidelines for human experimentation started during WWII with the Nuremberg Code. It has evolved into three main principles from The Belmont Report. The subject must be able to make their own choices to protect themselves, benefits must outweigh the risks, and subjects must be evaluated for their selection and benefits must go to all of society. Animal welfare concerns: Is the ethical care of animals in scientific experiments. The APS has set strict guidelines and regulations to stop animals from being unnecessarily harmed in experiments. These are being updated regularly by the APS and is a federal law in the United States enforced by DHHS. Authorship: Who may claim a right to authorship? In which


id: list-of-international-databases-on-individual-student-achievement-tests-20260505-0
category: reference
title: List of international databases on individual student achievement tests
tags: science, encyclopedia
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:36:59.819238+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-international-databases-on-individual-student-achievement-tests-20260505-0
file:
data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_databases_on_individual_student_achievement_tests-0.md

summary:
This article contains a list of international databases on individual student achievement tests that can be used for psychometric research. In other words, this table only includes datasets containing items measuring ability and directly answered by students. == See also == List of online databases == References ==

source_url:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_databases_on_individual_student_achievement_tests


id: list-of-academic-databases-and-search-engines-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines-0.md
category: reference
title: List of academic databases and search engines
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:01.149047+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-academic-databases-and-search-engines-20260505-0
summary:
This page contains a representative list of major databases and search engines useful in an academic setting for finding and accessing articles in academic journals, institutional repositories, archives, or other collections of scientific and other articles. As the distinction between a database and a search engine is unclear for these complex document retrieval systems, see: the general list of search engines for all-purpose search engines that can be used for academic purposes the article about bibliographic databases for information about databases giving bibliographic information about finding books and journal articles. Note that "free" or "subscription" can refer both to the availability of the database or of the journal articles included. This has been indicated as precisely as possible in the list: == List == == See also == Academic publishing Google Scholar Lists of databases List of digital library projects List of educational video websites List of neuroscience databases List of online databases List of online encyclopedias List of open access journals Lists of academic journals == References ==


id: brain-blogger-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_Blogger-0.md
category: reference
title: Brain Blogger
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_Blogger
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:03.982473+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: brain-blogger-20260505-0
summary:
Brain Blogger is a Scientific American partner biomedical blog sponsored by the Global Neuroscience Initiative Foundation (GNIF) and edited by Shaheen Lakhan. Its byline is "a brain-themed community." It reviews the latest news and stories related to neuroscience/neurology, psychology/psychiatry, and health/healthcare. According to its website, the blog is written by over 100 biomedical professionals—from neurosurgeons to psychologists—and follows the Health On the Net Foundation honor code of medical blogging ethics. It is syndicated by Google News and major media outlets, including Time Warner, San Antonio Express-News, and Sun-Times News Group. Brain Blogger is a finalist for two Seed Media Group's Research Blogging Awards 2010 in the categories "Best Blog — Neuroscience" and "Best Blog — Psychology". Moreover, it ranks first in Blogs.com's "10 Best Brain Blogs". == References == == External links == Official website


id: climate-audit-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Audit-0.md
category: reference
title: Climate Audit
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Audit
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:05.250095+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: climate-audit-20260505-0
summary:
Climate Audit is a blog founded in 2005 by Steve McIntyre. In November 2009 journalist Andrew Revkin described it in The New York Times as "a popular skeptics’ blog" run by McIntyre, a retired Canadian mining consultant. In 2010, a Nature article described the site as part of the "climate change skeptic community" alongside the Air Vent and the Blackboard. == Founding == In 2004 Stephen McIntyre blogged on his website climate2003.com about his efforts with Ross McKitrick to get an extended analysis of the hockey stick graph into the journal Nature. On 25 October 2004 McIntyre posted comments on climate2003.com about a piece by William Connolley circulated on various blogs, and on 26 October wrote, "Maybe I’ll start blogging some odds and ends that I’m working on. I’m going to post up some more observations on some of the blog criticisms." On 1 December Michael E. Mann and nine other scientists launched the RealClimate website as "a resource where the public can go to see what actual scientists working in the field have to say about the latest issues." On climate2003.com McIntyre noted this development in a blog post on 10 December, where he wrote "Mann and some of


id: compound-interest-website-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_Interest_(website)-0.md
category: reference
title: Compound Interest (website)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_Interest_(website)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:06.421945+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: compound-interest-website-20260505-0
summary:
Compound Interest is a website launched in 2013 by Andy Brunning with infographics on everyday chemistry. The infographics describe, for example, how chemicals found in food and nature give them smell, taste, and color. The website has a monthly collaboration with the American Chemical Society. Content of the website is used as information source by various newspapers and media, including the Washington Post, Time, The Conversation, and Forbes. == References ==


id: cosmic-variance-blog-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_Variance_(blog)-0.md
category: reference
title: Cosmic Variance (blog)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_Variance_(blog)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:07.674208+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cosmic-variance-blog-20260505-0
summary:
Cosmic Variance was a collaborative weblog discussing physics, astrophysics, and other topics, written by JoAnne Hewett, Mark Trodden, Sean Carroll, Risa Wechsler, Julianne Dalcanton, Clifford Johnson, John Conway, and Daniel Holz. It was the successor to Carroll's earlier blog Preposterous Universe, which began in early 2004 and ran through much of 2005. The blog's name came from th concept of cosmic variance in cosmology. Cosmic Variance rapidly become "undoubtedly the most popular blog written by physicists." In 2006, Nature reported that it was the fourth most popular science blog and one of only five blogs by scientists in the 3500 most popular blogs. As of July 26, 2007, Cosmic Variance had a Technorati authority of 1001 and rank of 2277. In 2008, the blog became part of the Discover magazine website. Most writing on Cosmic Variance focused on modern physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, at a level accessible to the interested non-scientist. However, topics of discussion ranged widely, including science and religion, science journalism, higher education, and politics. Several discussions on Cosmic Variance gained attention in the print media, including a discussion on women in science that compared physicist Lisa Randall to Jodie Foster and a post by John Conway about


id: day-of-archaeology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_of_Archaeology-0.md
category: reference
title: Day of Archaeology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_of_Archaeology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:08.853588+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: day-of-archaeology-20260505-0
summary:
The Day of Archaeology is an annual, 24-hour, international online event in which archaeologists and those in related fields write blog posts about their work. It was inspired by the Day of Digital Humanities and, similarly, allows practitioners of many kinds, to document their work informally and 'provide a window into the daily lives of archaeologists from all over the world'. Though it encourages diversity rather than thematic posts, the project has some similarities to Blog Action Day. == Overview == The first event took place on 27 July 2011. The event is organised by a voluntary committee of archaeologists based in the United Kingdom, United States of America and Spain. The main site runs a customised WordPress content management system and the event is promoted through Twitter and Facebook pages (see External links). The project is supported by several British archaeological and academic organisations: server space is provided on the Portable Antiquities Scheme servers and long-term digital preservation is provided by the Archaeology Data Service. L-P Archaeology and the UCL Centre for Digital Humanities provide technical and management advice. In 2011 and 2013 the event was timed to coincide with the Festival of British Archaeology. The project covers any


id: durma-melhor-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durma_Melhor-0.md
category: reference
title: Durma Melhor
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durma_Melhor
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:10.048691+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: durma-melhor-20260505-0
summary:
Durma Melhor ("Sleep Better", translated into English) is a Brazilian blog featuring relevant information on issues related to sleep. Published in Portuguese, the blog content includes articles on nutrition, beauty, exercise, relaxation, environment, technology, scientific studies and frequently asked questions regarding sleep. It also features a selection of videos, podcasts, books, websites, soothing songs available for free download, as well as online tests to assess one's sleep quality and a comprehensive list of sleep labs in Brazil. Durma Melhor contributors include Dr. Flávio Alóe, neurologist and neurophysiologist of the Brazilian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology and a certified physician in Sleep Medicine by the Brazilian Society of Sleep, who's been widely interviewed by Brazilian magazines, newspapers and TV shows, such as Programa do Jô. In April 2010, Durma Melhor launched a channel that allows the general public to send questions and have them answered by experts in sleep medicine. The blog was launched in January 2010 by Marcos Miguel, a Brazilian journalist who's graduated at the Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, in Minas Gerais state. == See also == == References == == External links == Official site


id: geekadelphia-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geekadelphia-0.md
category: reference
title: Geekadelphia
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geekadelphia
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:11.254524+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: geekadelphia-20260505-0
summary:
Geekadelphia was a Philadelphia-based weblog focused on entertainment, science, technology and other related areas pertaining to the city of Philadelphia. Founded in 2007, the blog also co-hosted the Philadelphia Geek Awards with the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University. The site ceased operation in November 2017, and it is no longer online. == History == Geekadelphia was founded by Tim Quirino and Eric Smith in 2007, who, according to Smith, "wanted a place to ramble about things that interested us and have a site to host whatever silly videos we'd make." Its first post was published on November 29th, 2007. In its early days, revenue earned from Geekadelphia was only enough to pay for hosting. Events on behalf of the site were created, along with a podcast with Benjamin Gilbert and a webcomic. In 2013, Geekadelphia was rebranded and incorporated in the company Analog Boys. Quirino left for San Francisco in 2014 to work as a designer for Facebook. On November 30, 2017, the site posted a blog titled 'You're Still Here? Go Home' explaining how the site has come to an end. == Events == In 2008, Geekadelphia hosted a Battlestar Galactica-themed party in Old City with The


id: grandma-got-stem-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandma_Got_STEM-0.md
category: reference
title: Grandma Got STEM
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandma_Got_STEM
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:12.420729+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: grandma-got-stem-20260505-0
summary:
Grandma Got STEM is a blog by Rachel Levy, a mathematician at Harvey Mudd College, about earlier generations of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Levy founded the blog in March 2013, and by June 2013 had already accumulated 100 posts to it. The blog is aimed at a general audience. Its entries include pictures and stories about women who worked in STEM fields, and are intended to counter stereotypes of older women as being technologically inept, as well as to inspire future generations of women in STEM. As the name of the blog suggests, the women featured on the blog are generally old enough to be grandmothers, although not all of them had children. Although many famous researchers are included, the blog posts also feature women who worked at lower-level teaching and laboratory assistant positions in STEM. == References == == External links == Grandma Got STEM


id: the-incidental-economist-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Incidental_Economist-0.md
category: reference
title: The Incidental Economist
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Incidental_Economist
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:13.635645+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-incidental-economist-20260505-0
summary:
The Incidental Economist is a blog focused on health economics and policy. It was founded in 2009 by Austin Frakt, a health economist at Boston University, who has since been joined by Aaron Carroll, a pediatrician at Indiana University School of Medicine, as co-Editor-in-Chief. The site features posts by the two as well as a number of contributing writers, who are primarily academics based across the United States. The authors often synthesize academic literature as it might relate to contemporary health policy issues. The blog gained prominence in 2009–10 when it was often cited by journalists, such as Ezra Klein, Kevin Drum, Jonathan Cohn and Andrew Sullivan, who were covering the health care reform process that would eventually culminate in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The blog remains one of the most widely cited health policy blogs on the Internet. == Regular contributors == Austin Frakt (founder, co-Editor-in-Chief): health economist at the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, associate professor at Boston University, contributor to The New York Times' The Upshot Aaron Carroll (co-Editor-in-Chief): professor of pediatrics and dean for research mentoring at Indiana University School of Medicine, contributor to The New York Times' The Upshot Adrianna McIntyre


id: the-oil-drum-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Oil_Drum-0.md
category: reference
title: The Oil Drum
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Oil_Drum
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:16.020105+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-oil-drum-20260505-0
summary:
The Oil Drum was a website devoted to analysis and discussion of energy and its impact on society that described itself as an "energy, peak oil & sustainability research and news site". The Oil Drum was published by the Institute for the Study of Energy and Our Future, a Colorado non-profit corporation. The site was a resource for information on many energy and sustainability topics, including peak oil, and related concepts such as oil megaprojects, Hubbert linearization, and the Export Land Model. The Oil Drum had over 25 online contributors from all around the globe. In 2013, the site ceased publishing new articles. As of October 2016, the site continues to function as an archive. The Oil Drum was rated one of the top five sustainability blogs of 2007 by Nielsen Netratings, and was read by a diverse collection of public figures, including Roscoe Bartlett, Paul Krugman, James Howard Kunstler, Richard Rainwater, and Radiohead. In 2008, the site received the M. King Hubbert Award for Excellence in Energy Education from the U.S. chapter of the Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas (ASPO). The Oil Drum was started in March 2005 by Kyle Saunders (username "Prof. Goose"), a


id: the-panda-s-thumb-blog-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Panda's_Thumb_(blog)-0.md
category: reference
title: The Panda's Thumb (blog)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Panda's_Thumb_(blog)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:17.273178+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-panda-s-thumb-blog-20260505-0
summary:
The Panda's Thumb is a blog on issues of creationism and evolution from a mainstream scientific perspective. In 2006, Nature listed it as one of the top five science blogs, and Mark Pallen has called it "the definitive blog on the evolution versus creationism debate". It is written by multiple contributors, including Wesley R. Elsberry, Joe Felsenstein, Paul R. Gross, Nick Matzke, and Mark Perakh, many of whom used to have complementary blogs at ScienceBlogs before it went defunct. The blog takes its name from The Panda's Thumb, the pub of the virtual University of Ediacara, which is named after the book of the same name by Stephen Jay Gould, which in turn takes its title from the essay "The Panda's Peculiar Thumb", which discusses the Panda's sesamoid bone, an example of convergent evolution. == See also == Rejection of evolution by religious groups == References == == External links == Official website Status page


id: physics-arxiv-blog-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics_arXiv_Blog-0.md
category: reference
title: Physics arXiv Blog
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics_arXiv_Blog
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:18.508294+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: physics-arxiv-blog-20260505-0
summary:
The Physics arXiv Blog aims to offer an alternative view of new ideas in science. It is based on, although independent of, the arXiv pre-print repository run by the Cornell University. Started in 2007, in 2009 it was hosted by the MIT Technology Review. In 2013, it was moved to the platform Medium. In 2015, it moved back to the MIT Technology Review. The Physics arXiv Blog has been said to offer “the best physics coverage around" by the Wired journal in May of 2008. It was included among the "Five great physics blogs" by The Guardian. == Publication model == Content appears to be crowd sourced from within the physics community. Similar to The Economist, articles seem to lack specific author bylines. == Notes == == External links == The Physics arXiv Blog official webpage The Physics arXiv Blog webpage on Facebook


id: retraction-watch-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retraction_Watch-0.md
category: reference
title: Retraction Watch
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retraction_Watch
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:19.724506+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: retraction-watch-20260505-0
summary:
Retraction Watch is a blog that reports on retractions of scientific papers and on related topics. The blog was launched in August 2010 and is produced by science writers Ivan Oransky (Former Vice President, Editorial Medscape) and Adam Marcus (editor of Gastroenterology & Endoscopy News). Its parent organization is The Center for Scientific Integrity (CSI), a US 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. == Motivation and scope == In 2011, Oransky and Marcus pointed out in Nature that the peer review process for scholarly publications continues long after the publication date. They were motivated to launch Retraction Watch to encourage this continuation and to increase the transparency of the retraction process. They observed that retractions of papers generally are not announced, that the reasons for retractions are not publicized, and that other researchers or the public who are unaware of the retraction may make decisions based on invalid results. Oransky described an example of a paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that reported a potential role for a drug against some types of breast cancers. Although the paper was later retracted, its retraction was not reported in media outlets that had earlier reported its positive conclusions, with a company


id: science-based-medicine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science-Based_Medicine-0.md
category: reference
title: Science-Based Medicine
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science-Based_Medicine
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:20.913143+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-based-medicine-20260505-0
summary:
Science-Based Medicine is a website and blog with articles covering issues in science and medicine, especially medical scams and practices. Founded in 2008, it is owned and operated by the New England Skeptical Society, and run by Steven Novella and David Gorski. == History == Started as a skeptical medical blog with five writers, Science-Based Medicine (SBM) launched on January 1, 2008. Steven Novella, Harriet Hall, and David Gorski were founding editors, along with Mark Crislip and Kimball Atwood. Science-Based Medicine is owned and operated by the New England Skeptical Society (NESS), where Novella, a clinical neurologist at Yale University and the executive editor of SBM, has served as president since its inception. Gorski, a surgical oncologist at Wayne State University, is the managing editor for SBM. The blog was affiliated with the former Society for Science-Based Medicine (SfSBM), an opinionated education and advocacy group, that registered in 2014 as a Florida nonprofit corporation led by Mark Crislip. The SfSBM was dissolved in 2020, with the Center for Inquiry receiving its funds as a donation and considered by the SfSBM's board to continue its work, following a period of time where SfSBM had merged with SBM. Other key contributors have


id: scienceblogs-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScienceBlogs-0.md
category: reference
title: ScienceBlogs
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScienceBlogs
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:22.218337+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: scienceblogs-20260505-0
summary:
ScienceBlogs was an invitation-only blog network and virtual community that operated initially for 11 years, from 2006 to 2017. It was created by Seed Media Group to enhance public understanding of science. Each blog had its own theme, specialty and author(s) and was not subject to editorial control. Authors included active scientists working in industry, universities and medical schools as well as college professors, physicians, professional writers, graduate students, and post-docs. On 24 January 2015, 19 of the blogs had seen posting in the past month. Eleven of these had been on ScienceBlogs since 2006. ScienceBlogs shut down at the end of October 2017. In late August 2018, the website's front page displayed a notice suggesting it was about to become active once again. == History == ScienceBlogs was launched in January 2006 with 15 blogs on the network. Seed Media Group had initially contacted the existing science blogging network ScienceBlog.com about a possible partnership, but later launched independently with a similar name and web address. For the launch blogs, Seed invited some of the best-known independent science bloggers and allowed them to blog about whichever subjects they wished. Revenue was generated through advertisements sold to companies who wished to


id: sciencenet-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScienceNet-0.md
category: reference
title: ScienceNet
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScienceNet
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:23.427099+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: sciencenet-20260505-0
summary:
ScienceNet (Chinese: 科学网) is a science virtual community and science blog. It was launched by Science Times Media Group (STMG) and is supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China with the mission of establishing global Chinese science community. Since its launch on January 18, 2007, a total of 5,553 scientists and graduate students have blogged on ScienceNet. According to the editorial board of ScienceNet, it has been ranking the top one among Chinese science websites. == Bloggers == Yu-Chi Ho, Professor, Harvard and Tsinghua University Rao Yi, Professor and Dean, School of Life Sciences, Peking University Shi Yigong, Professor and Dean, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University Lu Bai, Vice President of Biology R&D center, GlaxoSmithKline Wang Hongfei, Chief Scientist, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Li Xiaowen, Director, Remote Sensing and GIS Research Center, Beijing Normal University Wu Yishan, Chief Engineer, Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China Cao Cong, Senior research associate, State University of New York == History == January 18, 2007: official launch April 2008: the selecting blog articles of 2007 year on ScienceNet was published — 《智者不惑》 September–December 2008: held the


id: the-scientific-activist-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scientific_Activist-0.md
category: reference
title: The Scientific Activist
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scientific_Activist
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:24.681403+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-scientific-activist-20260505-0
summary:
The Scientific Activist was a blog that covered science, politics, and science policy. The Scientific Activist gained international recognition in February 2006 when it published information that led to the immediate resignation of Bush administration NASA appointee George Deutsch. Deutsch — who had been accused of censoring scientific information at NASA — claimed to have graduated from Texas A&M University on his résumé, but the blog discovered that Deutsch had not, in fact, completed his degree there. In July 2006, The Scientific Activist was named one of Nature's "Top five science blogs." == Notes and sources == == External links == The Scientific Activist, current site The Scientific Activist, original site (archives January 11—June 21, 2006)


id: slate-star-codex-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate_Star_Codex-0.md
category: reference
title: Slate Star Codex
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate_Star_Codex
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:27.225137+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: slate-star-codex-20260505-0
summary:
Astral Codex Ten (ACX), formerly Slate Star Codex (SSC), is a blog focused on science, medicine (especially psychiatry), philosophy, politics, and futurism. The blog is written by Scott Alexander Siskind, a San Francisco Bay Area psychiatrist, under the pen name Scott Alexander. Slate Star Codex was launched in 2013 and was temporarily discontinued on June 23, 2020. In July 2020 the blog was partially back online, with the content restored but commenting disabled. The successor Substack blog, Astral Codex Ten, was launched on January 21, 2021. == Content and author == The site was a primary venue of the rationalist community and also attracted wider audiences. The New Statesman characterizes it as "a nexus for the rationalist community and others who seek to apply reason to debates about situations, ideas, and moral quandaries." The New Yorker describes Alexander's fiction as "delightfully weird" and his arguments "often counterintuitive and brilliant". Economist Tyler Cowen calls Scott Alexander "a thinker who is influential among other writers". The New Yorker states that the volume of content Alexander has written on Slate Star Codex makes the blog difficult to summarize, with an e-book of all posts running over nine thousand pages in PDF form. Many


id: slate-star-codex-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate_Star_Codex-1.md
category: reference
title: Slate Star Codex
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate_Star_Codex
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:27.225137+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: slate-star-codex-20260505-0
summary:
== The New York Times controversy == Alexander used his first and middle name alone for safety and privacy reasons, although he had previously published Slate Star Codex content academically under his real name. In June 2020, he deleted all entries on Slate Star Codex, stating that a technology reporter from The New York Times (NYT) intended to publish an article about the blog using his full name. Alexander said that the reporter told him that it was newspaper policy to use real names, and he referred to it as doxing. The New York Times responded: "We do not comment on what we may or may not publish in the future. But when we report on newsworthy or influential figures, our goal is always to give readers all the accurate and relevant information we can." The Verge cited a source saying that at the time when Alexander deleted the blog, "not a word" of a story about SSC had been written. The Poynter Institute's David Cohn interpreted this event as part of an ongoing clash between the tech and media industries, reflecting a shift from primarily economic conflicts to fundamental disagreements over values, ethics, and cultural norms. Prior to the


id: sociological-images-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociological_Images-0.md
category: reference
title: Sociological Images
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociological_Images
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:28.621187+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: sociological-images-20260505-0
summary:
Sociological Images is a blog that offers image-based sociological commentary and is one of the most widely read social science blogs. Updated daily, it covers a wide range of social phenomena. The aim of the blog is to encourage readers to develop a "sociological imagination" and to learn to see how social institutions, interactions, and ideas affect the individual. Started in 2007 by sociology professor Lisa Wade as a place to swap material for sociology classes, the site developed into a blog aimed at the general public as it attracted more readers. However, the site still includes a strong teaching component, including sample assignments and syllabi for sociology instructors. The site receives about 500,000 visitors per month, most from social media sites and other blogs, such as Jezebel, which partially syndicate it. Reviewers have praised the blog's ability to make sociology accessible to the general public. == History == Sociological images was founded in 2007 by sociology professor Lisa Wade (Occidental College) and hosted at Blogspot to share ideas and teaching resources with other faculty teaching about sociology. Six professors were invited to serve as the foundational bloggers. Early posts included little text because it was assumed the audience would


id: sociological-images-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociological_Images-1.md
category: reference
title: Sociological Images
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociological_Images
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:28.621187+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: sociological-images-20260505-0
summary:
Hosted by The Society Pages, which is a hub for social science blogs and websites, Sociological Images is a blog that is updated daily and often between two and four times a day. The posts are written by Gwen Sharp, Lisa Wade and guest contributors. Each post usually features an image, such as a graph, advertisement, commercial, video clip, product, or screenshot, as well as commentary about the image; most of these images are taken from mainstream websites, other social science sites, or reader submissions. Around 50% of the blog posts focus on analyzing these visual elements of culture. The blog covers a wide variety of sociological topics, such as gender inequality, data mapping, homelessness, lesbian politics, and the environment. The most common topics are gender, sexuality, class, nationalism, race, ethnicity, marketing, and body image; in particular, the site focuses on how American popular culture perpetuates gender inequities. Many of the posts are based on items sent in by readers which Wade and Sharp then analyze; they receive an average of 15 to 20 items per day. According to Wade and Sharp, "involvement of the readership in this way has undoubtedly been key to the site's success; not only does


id: sociological-images-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociological_Images-2.md
category: reference
title: Sociological Images
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociological_Images
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:28.621187+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: sociological-images-20260505-0
summary:
=== Abercrombie & Fitch bikini top === On 19 March 2011, Sociological Images published a post which reported that Abercrombie & Fitch was marketing push up bikini tops at young girls, asking "so, at what age should girls start trying to enhance their cleavage?" Consumers demanded change from the company; as a result, Abercrombie had changed their campaign, describing their tops as "padded". Wade and Sharp write in an article mentioning this incident that "the Abercrombie post had an unusually powerful effect, but Sociological Images routinely receives e-mails and comments from public relations departments of companies responsible for advertisements or products that are analyzed on the site". === Princess Tiana and watermelon candy === On 12 March 2012, Sociological Images published a post arguing that using the Disney character Tiana to advertise watermelon candy perpetrated the racist watermelon stereotype. This criticism was reported on some other blogs. == Teaching tool == Sociological Images is designed to be used as a teaching tool as well as a blog. It is aimed at both lower- and upper-division undergraduates and is a "useful resource to connect classroom work with popular culture and media imagery" as well as "extremely useful for instructors who wish


id: sociological-images-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociological_Images-3.md
category: reference
title: Sociological Images
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociological_Images
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:28.621187+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: sociological-images-20260505-0
summary:
=== Reviews === Sociological Images was reviewed by Karen McCormack in Visual Studies. She praised the blog's ability to explain sociology to those outside academia, writing that "the most exciting thing about Sociological images is that it can truly bring sociology to everyone", but she did point out some "drawbacks" to the blog form itself, such as the lack of space to discuss the original context for some of the images. It was also reviewed by David T. Mayeda in Teaching Sociology, who praised it as "an insightful, thought-provoking site that can be used by sociology instructors and students". He particularly highlights the ways in which the authors "show how discriminatory imagery evolves over time, preserving dominant narratives in society, but manifesting in different ways depending on the social context". He emphasizes that the audience of the site is not other academics, pointing out that the site "tends not to provide deeper theoretical rhetoric in its entries". In their review of the site, MERLOT (Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching), wrote that the site "strongly encourages us to develop our sociological imaginations by presenting brief discussions of timely and compelling imagery, spanning the breadth of sociological inquiry". Male


id: watts-up-with-that-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watts_Up_With_That-0.md
category: reference
title: Watts Up With That?
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watts_Up_With_That?
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:30.032511+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: watts-up-with-that-20260505-0
summary:
Watts Up With That? (WUWT) is a blog promoting climate change denial that was created by Anthony Watts in 2006. The blog predominantly discusses climate issues with a focus on anthropogenic climate change, generally accommodating beliefs that are in opposition to the scientific consensus on climate change. Contributors include Christopher Monckton and Fred Singer as guest authors. In November 2009, the blog was one of the first websites to publish emails and documents from the Climatic Research Unit controversy, and a driving force behind its coverage. In the early months of 2010, it was reported the site might be "the most read climate blog in the world," and in 2013 Michael E. Mann referred to it as the leading climate change denial blog. == Content == Watts Up With That features material disputing the scientific consensus on climate change, including claims the human role in global warming is insignificant and carbon dioxide is not a driving force of warming. It has hosted several contributors, such as Christopher Monckton and Fred Singer, in addition to Watts. It is among the most prominent climate change denial blogs, and is described by climatologist Michael E. Mann as the most popular, having surpassed Climate


id: watts-up-with-that-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watts_Up_With_That-1.md
category: reference
title: Watts Up With That?
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watts_Up_With_That?
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:30.032511+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: watts-up-with-that-20260505-0
summary:
== References == Anders, Hansen; Cox, Robert (2015). The Routledge Handbook of Environment and Communication. Routledge. ISBN 978-1134521319. Anshelm, Jonas; Hultman, Martin (2014). Discourses of Global Climate Change: Apocalyptic Framing and Political Antagonisms. Routledge. ISBN 978-1317671060. Brainard, Curtis (2015). Hansen, Anders; Cox, Robert (eds.). The Routledge Handbook of Environment and Communication. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-52131-9. Dunlap, Riley; McCright, Aaron (2011). "Organised Climate Change Denial". In Dryzek, John S.; Norgaard, Richard B.; Schlosberg, David (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199566600. Farmer, Thomas G.; Cook, John (2013). Climate Change Science: A Modern Synthesis: Volume 1-The Physical Climate. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9789400757578. Grant, John (2011). Denying Science: Conspiracy Theories, Media Distortions, and the War Against Reality. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1616144005. Retrieved 26 May 2015. Kirilenko, Andrei; Stepchenkova, Svetlana (2014). "Public microblogging on climate change: One year of Twitter worldwide". Global Environmental Change. 26: 171–182. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.02.008. Mann, Michael (1 October 2013). The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231152556. Manne, Robert (August 2012). "A dark victory: How vested interests defeated climate science". The Monthly. pp. 22–29. Mooney, Chris; Kirshenbaum, Sheril (2010). Summary of Unscientific America:


id: zooborns-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZooBorns-0.md
category: reference
title: ZooBorns
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZooBorns
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:31.737025+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: zooborns-20260505-0
summary:
ZooBorns is a zoology news blog and book line that announces animal births at AZA, EAZA, CAZA, ZAA, and WAZA accredited zoos and aquariums. ZooBorns was founded in 2008 with the mission to "educate while it entertains", and typically shares related conservation information along with pictures and video of baby animals. ZooBorns has been featured in The Washington Post, NBC News, Discover Magazine, and on the Martha Stewart Show among other media outlets. The site was created by Andrew Bleiman, co-founder of Zooillogix who lives in Chicago, and Chris Eastland, an artist living in Brooklyn. == Content == ZooBorns showcases baby animals as ambassadors for their species in order to build empathy and awareness for the plight of those species in the wild. Content is written to be accessible to a wide audience and typically provides background on individual animals followed by conservation information about the species. The site is notable for providing easily navigable categories enabling it to serve as a non-exhaustive survey of recent juvenile animals at zoos and aquariums. As of May 2012, the site had documented over 1,250 births, comprising over 200 species from over 200 different zoological institutions. == Books == In 2010 ZooBorns released


id: zooillogix-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooillogix-0.md
category: reference
title: Zooillogix
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooillogix
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:33.040021+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: zooillogix-20260505-0
summary:
Zooillogix is a zoology blog on the ScienceBlogs network, created and edited by Andrew and Benny Bleiman. The site has been featured on ABC News, in Seed magazine, Mental Floss, FHM, and the Annals of Improbable Research, awarders of the Ig Nobel Prize. The site attracts a diverse readership from notable scientists, such as PZ Myers, to biology students to young children. == Content == Zooillogix focuses on bizarre zoological news, covering research published in scientific journals, such as the Public Library of Science (PLoS), as well as stories reported in general news outlets. Typical items include the discovery of new species, newly documented animal behavior, zoo and aquarium industry news, and interviews with scientists and researchers. Content is written to be accessible to a non-scientific audience. == See also == ScienceBlogs ZooBorns == References == == External links == Zooillogix Interview with the Bleiman brothers


id: anthropic-bias-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic_Bias-0.md
category: reference
title: Anthropic Bias
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic_Bias
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:34.825537+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: anthropic-bias-20260505-0
summary:
Anthropic Bias: Observation Selection Effects in Science and Philosophy (2002) is a book by philosopher Nick Bostrom. It investigates how to reason when one suspects that evidence is biased by "observation selection effects"—when the evidence has been pre-filtered by the condition that some observer was appropriately positioned to "receive" it. This conundrum is sometimes called the "anthropic principle", "self-locating belief", or "indexical information". The book first discusses the fine-tuned universe hypothesis and its possible explanations, notably considering the possibility of a multiverse. Bostrom argues against the self-indication assumption (SIA), a term he uses to characterize some existing views, and introduces the self-sampling assumption (SSA). He later refines SSA into the strong self-sampling assumption (SSSA), which uses observer-moments instead of observers to address certain paradoxes in anthropic reasoning. == Self-sampling assumption == The self-sampling assumption (SSA) states that: All other things equal, an observer should reason as if they are randomly selected from the set of all actually existent observers (past, present and future) in their reference class. For instance, if there is a coin flip that on heads will create one observer and on tails will create two, then we have two possible worlds, one with one observer and one


id: blue-mind-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Mind-0.md
category: reference
title: Blue Mind
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Mind
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:36.032379+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: blue-mind-20260505-0
summary:
Blue Mind: The Surprising Science That Shows How Being Near, In, On, Or Under Water Can Make You Happier, Healthier, More Connected, and Better at What You Do is a bestselling book by marine biologist Wallace J. Nichols about the effects bodies of water have on human health and well-being. == Contents == The book covers "therapeutic landscapes" as they are referred to in medical literature, specifically ones that are near, in, or on the water. The book analyzes studies that suggest living or simply being near bodies of water can have powerful psychological and even physiological effects. === Human condition === Blue Mind considers the impact of water on the human condition and mental health. Author Wallace Nichols told Quartz: People can experience the benefits of the water whether they're near the ocean, a lake, river, swimming pool or even listening to the soothing sound of a fountain. Most communities are built near bodies of water not just for practical reasons, but because as humans, we're naturally drawn to blue space...but even if you aren't in an area where there is easy access to water, you can still experience [its] emotional benefits. Many scribes, poets, painters, and sailors have


id: daedalus-or-science-and-the-future-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daedalus-0.md
category: reference
title: Daedalus; or, Science and the Future
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daedalus;_or,_Science_and_the_Future
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:37.233315+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: daedalus-or-science-and-the-future-20260505-0
summary:
Daedalus; or, Science and the Future is a book by the British scientist J. B. S. Haldane, published in England in 1924. It was the text of a lecture read to the Heretics Society (an intellectual club at the University of Cambridge) on 4 February 1923. Haldane uses the Greek myth of Daedalus as a symbol for the revolutionary nature of science with particular regard to his own discipline of biology. The chemical or physical inventor is always a Prometheus. There is no great invention, from fire to flying, which has not been hailed as an insult to some god. But if every physical and chemical invention is a blasphemy, every biological invention is a perversion. There is hardly one which, on first being brought to the notice of an observer from any nation which had not previously heard of their existence, would not appear to him as indecent and unnatural. He also expressed skepticism over the human benefits of some scientific advances, arguing that scientific advance would bring grief, rather than progress to mankind, unless it was accompanied by a similar advance in ethics. The book is an early vision of transhumanism and his vision of a future in


id: eternity-our-next-billion-years-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eternity:_Our_Next_Billion_Years-0.md
category: reference
title: Eternity: Our Next Billion Years
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eternity:_Our_Next_Billion_Years
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:38.506646+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: eternity-our-next-billion-years-20260505-0
summary:
Next Billion is a non-fiction book which speculates about the future of mankind written by science writer Michael Hanlon. The book is a combination of non-fiction discussions based on science about what the future might look like, interspersed with more imaginative guesses about what life will look like thousands, and millions of years in the future. Eternity was published on November 25, 2008 by Palgrave Macmillan as part of the Macmillan Science series. == Reception == Critical reception has been mixed. The SF Site gave a positive review and commented that the book was well suited to general audiences and was a good primer for people looking for an introduction to the book's themes. Michael Brooks was more critical of the work, as he felt that it "covers some fascinating ground, but remains only superficially interesting, an hors d'oeuvre rather than the main course. Faced with the prospect of eternity, that's not enough to satisfy." The Globe and Mail was also mixed in their opinion, writing "At its best, Hanlon's book offers the fascination and sense of wonder of good science fiction. At its worst, it reads like an earnest United Nations report on the challenges to be overcome in


id: gory-details-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gory_Details-0.md
category: reference
title: Gory Details
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gory_Details
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:39.692174+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: gory-details-20260505-0
summary:
Gory Details: Adventures from the Dark Side of Science is a 2021 non-fiction book by American science journalist Erika Engelhaupt. It examines the more unsavory aspects of science, such as insects and death. The book was published by National Geographic Partners. == Synopsis == Covering a large swath of scientific fields, such as anatomy, psychology, forensics, and entomology, Erika Engelhaupt examines “the gross, the bizarre, the taboo and morbidly fascinating elements of science.” The book is divided into six parts, titled: Morbid Curiosity That's Disgusting Breaking Taboos Creepy Crawlies Gross Anatomy Mysterious Minds Each part contains 6-8 chapters. Each individual chapter can be enjoyed as a stand-alone selection. Complex topics are made more easily accessible through black-and-white illustrations and a glow-in-the-dark cover (hardcover only). == Background == Gory Details began as a blog hosted initially by Science News and later moved to National Geographic. Engelhaupt was inspired to create the blog based on books that she had read and reviewed for Science News. She wanted to write about “weird and morbid science” and “address the things that people are afraid to talk about.” She first presented the idea as a column for the magazine and was rejected, but was then


id: inferior-book-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_(book)-0.md
category: reference
title: Inferior (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:40.982637+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: inferior-book-20260505-0
summary:
Inferior: How Science Got Women Wrong and the New Research That's Rewriting the Story is a 2017 book by science journalist Angela Saini. The book discusses the effect of sexism on scientific research, and how that sexism influences social beliefs. Inferior was launched in June 2017 at the Royal Academy of Engineering. The book was published by Beacon Press in the United States and Fourth Estate Books in the United Kingdom. == Reception == According to journalist Chantal Da Silva of The Independent, Angela Saini "paints a disturbing picture of just how deeply sexist notions have been woven into the fabric of scientific research" and concluded that her work "presents the rest of the scientific community with an important challenge: to acknowledge and correct a deep-rooted bias – and to help rewrite the role of women in the story of human evolution". Science journalist Nicola Davis writing for The Guardian stated that Saini "discovers that many of society’s traditional beliefs about women are built on shaky ground" and that "Saini’s scrutiny of the stereotype of men as hunters, leaving women to tend hearth and home, is eye-opening". Journalist Anjana Vaswani in the Ahmedabad Mirror wrote that Saini "exposes Charles Darwin's


id: the-intelligent-man-s-guide-to-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Intelligent_Man's_Guide_to_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: The Intelligent Man's Guide to Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Intelligent_Man's_Guide_to_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:42.250683+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-intelligent-man-s-guide-to-science-20260505-0
summary:
The Intelligent Man's Guide to Science is a general guide to the sciences by the American writer and scientist Isaac Asimov. It was first published in 1960 by Basic Books. Revised versions were published as The New Intelligent Man's Guide to Science (1965), Asimov's Guide to Science (1972), and Asimov's New Guide to Science (1984). The book received positive reviews, praising it as a well-written work on science. == Background and publication history == Asimov was first contacted by Leon Svirsky of Basic Books in 1957 about the possibility of writing a book that would provide an overview of science, and the two met at Asimov's home on 13 May to discuss the details. Six days later, Asimov received a contract for the book, along with a $1500 advance. At this point in his life, it had been just over a year since Asimov had given up his teaching duties at Boston University and taken up writing full-time. He had published 11 nonfiction books, including books on chemistry, physics, astronomy, a college-level biochemistry textbook, and a collection of science essays. However, he was momentarily daunted by the prospect of writing a major book on all of science, and he delayed


id: man-and-matter-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_and_Matter-0.md
category: reference
title: Man and Matter
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_and_Matter
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:43.608386+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: man-and-matter-20260505-0
summary:
Man and Matter - Essays Scientific & Christian is a 1951 book written by a British chemist, museum curator and historian of science Frank Sherwood Taylor. The work presents a critical mind's account of the clash between religion and science. It provides insights into a unique perspective of a person, who has been received into the Catholic Church after forty years of struggling to find his way in a conflicted world of scientific and religious explanations. The book consists of a preface, personal introduction, and twelve essays, read to the followers of the Catholic Church. The essays reflect on various, more or less controversial issues dividing religion and science, such as materialism, pain, and morality. They have been written at different times and therefore represent the shifting views of the author, as he searches for decisive arguments. All essays have been intended to fall in line with "the Christian doctrine and common sense". == Book contents == === Preface === In the preface, the author informs the reader of the position he has assumed when writing the essays - one of a formerly confused, but now reassured, believer. === Personal introduction === First chapter, adequately titled Personal Introduction, gives insightful


id: the-merger-of-knowledge-with-power-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Merger_of_Knowledge_with_Power-0.md
category: reference
title: The Merger of Knowledge with Power
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Merger_of_Knowledge_with_Power
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:44.878360+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-merger-of-knowledge-with-power-20260505-0
summary:
The Merger of Knowledge with Power: Essays in Critical Science is a book written in 1990 by Jerome Ravetz. The book contains a series of essays which touch upon science and policy, the role of ideologies in scientific progress, and broader themes of history and philosophy of Science, with critical attention to points of friction between science and society. "We can best understand this anthology as a 20-year continuation of his seminal study, Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems". In this book Ravetz invites us to consider science and its prodigious achievements on the face of the growing awareness that science is also at the root of many modern problems. In the opening essay "A critical awareness of science" he suggests adopting the perspective of the poor, and considering where science has failed them. In the essay on "Francis Bacon and the Reform of Philosophy" Ravetz argues that Bacon's audacious reform programme owed much more to his religion views, hopes and expectation than is normally accounted for. The Chapter "Ideological Commitment in the Philosophy of Science' offers Ravetz's first hand reading of the relevance of ideology in the philosophies of science of Karl Popper, Thomas Kuhn, Imre Lakatos and Paul


id: metaphysical-foundations-of-natural-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysical_Foundations_of_Natural_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysical_Foundations_of_Natural_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:46.180367+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: metaphysical-foundations-of-natural-science-20260505-0
summary:
Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science (German: Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft) is a 1786 book by the philosopher Immanuel Kant. == Summary == The book is divided into four chapters. The chapters are concerned with the metaphysical foundations of phoronomy (now called kinematics), dynamics, mechanics, and phenomenology. == Reception == Kant's book was a basic influence on the rise of science departments of the universities in the German-speaking countries in the nineteenth century. Hans Christian Ørsted wrote "Differential and integral calculus consist of nothing but .. thought experiments and considerations of them. ... In his Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science, Kant has given us the most beautiful examples of this kind of presentation, without, however, drawing attention to it himself." Kurt Gödel was influenced by Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft. Gödel studied it while a member of the Vienna Circle. == Notes == == External links == Works related to The Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science at Wikisource


id: mission-earth-voyage-to-the-home-planet-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission:_Earth,_Voyage_to_the_Home_Planet-0.md
category: reference
title: Mission: Earth, Voyage to the Home Planet
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission:_Earth,_Voyage_to_the_Home_Planet
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:47.522287+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: mission-earth-voyage-to-the-home-planet-20260505-0
summary:
Mission: Earth, Voyage to the Home Planet is a children's literature book by science writer June A. English and astronaut Thomas David Jones that was published in 1996 by Scholastic. Jones was among the crew members of the Space Shuttle Endeavour during an eleven-day mission in space, which was launched in April 1994 to study the ecological well-being of Earth using specialized radar technology. The book, which is illustrated with radar images and picturesque photographs, chronicles the mission and Jones' experiences of it. Mission: Earth, Voyage to the Home Planet received a generally favorable reception in media coverage and book reviewers. The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette said, "The authors convey the awe and wonderment of seeing Earth from space and the intricate delicacy of the Earth's ecology". The Dallas Morning News said, "The astronaut's descriptions are vivid". A review in Booklist was more critical; it said, "The authors try to cover too much in so few pages, and the narrative, with several focal points, becomes simplified at times". School Library Journal wrote, "It provides a unique look at a new method of research and an opportunity for youngsters to read one scientist's account of what it's like to engage in this exciting


id: on-gaia-a-critical-investigation-of-the-relationship-between-life-and-earth-20260505-0
category: reference
title: On Gaia: A Critical Investigation of the Relationship between Life and Earth
tags: science, encyclopedia
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:48.747051+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: on-gaia-a-critical-investigation-of-the-relationship-between-life-and-earth-20260505-0
file:
data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Gaia:_A_Critical_Investigation_of_the_Relationship_between_Life_and_Earth-0.md

summary:
On Gaia: A Critical Investigation of the Relationship between Life and Earth is a 2013 book by Earth system scientist Toby Tyrrell, which critically examines the Gaia hypothesis, originally proposed by James Lovelock in the 1970s. The Gaia hypothesis suggests that life on Earth actively contributes to maintaining the planet's habitability through complex interactions between living organisms and their environment. Tyrrell's book argues against the credibility of this hypothesis, drawing on evidence from a wide range of scientific disciplines including climate science, oceanography, atmospheric science, geology, ecology, and evolutionary biology. Through a detailed analysis of the interactions between life and Earth, Tyrrell concludes that the biologically mediated feedback mechanisms proposed by the Gaia hypothesis are not the main reason for Earth's past environmental stability and do not ensure protection against poor human stewardship of the planet. == Summary == The Gaia hypothesis, first proposed by James Lovelock in 1972 and later developed together with biologist Lynn Margulis, suggested that life on Earth regulates the planet to maintain conditions favorable for life, even implying altruistic acts by organisms for the benefit of the global environment. Although initially attracting interest and support by some scientists, the hypothesis was largely rejected by the

source_url:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Gaia:_A_Critical_Investigation_of_the_Relationship_between_Life_and_Earth


id: on-gaia-a-critical-investigation-of-the-relationship-between-life-and-earth-20260505-1
category: reference
title: On Gaia: A Critical Investigation of the Relationship between Life and Earth
tags: science, encyclopedia
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:48.747051+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: on-gaia-a-critical-investigation-of-the-relationship-between-life-and-earth-20260505-0
file:
data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Gaia:_A_Critical_Investigation_of_the_Relationship_between_Life_and_Earth-1.md

summary:
== Reviews == Scott K. Johnson highlighted the book's thorough, evidence-based analysis, though he noted that it could be challenging for readers without a background in the subject. William H. Schlesinger viewed Tyrrell's book as a systematic and well-reasoned critique of the Gaia theory. Schlesinger appreciated Tyrrell's dispassionate examination and noted that the book effectively highlighted the flaws in the Gaia hypothesis, particularly its failure to account for the Earth's less-than-optimal conditions for life and its inability to explain the planet's climate stability over time. He also commended the book for being well-produced and easy to read. Schlesinger concluded that Tyrrell's work signified the end of the Gaia theory as a viable explanation in planetary ecology. Wilkinson acknowledged Tyrrell's extensive analysis of the Gaia hypothesis and recognized the significance Tyrrell placed on the idea, despite ultimately concluding that the concept as a whole is incorrect. Wilkinson appreciated Tyrrell's exploration of the different interpretations of Gaia, particularly the distinction between "coevolutionary Gaia" and "homeostatic Gaia," although he disagreed with Tyrrell's view that the coevolutionary aspect should be seen as a rival theory rather than part of Gaia. Wilkinson highlighted Tyrrell's emphasis on the difficulties of defining Gaia and the skepticism from

source_url:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Gaia:_A_Critical_Investigation_of_the_Relationship_between_Life_and_Earth


id: science-on-the-verge-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_on_the_Verge-0.md
category: reference
title: Science on the Verge
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_on_the_Verge
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:50.018185+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-on-the-verge-20260505-0
summary:
Science on the verge is a book written in 2016 by group of eight scholars working in the tradition of Post-normal science. The book analyzes the main features and possible causes of the present science's crisis. == Content == Science on the verge, written by Alice Benessia, Silvio Funtowicz, Mario Giampietro, Ângela Guimarães Pereira, Jerome Ravetz, Andrea Saltelli, Roger Strand, and Jeroen P. van der Sluijs, with a preface by Dan Sarewitz, follows different threads of the present science's crisis (lost reproducibility, collapsing peer review, perverse metrics, evidence based policy's dysfunctions, techno-science and its hubris, science as metaphysics ...) and presents a first systematic analysis of the main causes of the present predicaments. Chapter 1. The chapter entitled 'Who will solve the crisis in science?' tackles the following questions: Is there a crisis? What is being done 'from within'? Is this sufficient? What are the diagnoses for the crisis' root causes, and what are the solutions 'from without'? Chapter 2. This is chapter entitled 'The fallacy of evidence based policy' tackles: Quantification as hypocognition; Socially constructed ignorance & uncomfortable knowledge; Ancien régime syndrome; Quantitative story telling. Chapter 3. This is chapter entitled 'Never late, never lost, never unprepared' treats: Trajectories


id: scientific-knowledge-and-its-social-problems-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Knowledge_and_Its_Social_Problems-0.md
category: reference
title: Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Knowledge_and_Its_Social_Problems
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:51.283845+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: scientific-knowledge-and-its-social-problems-20260505-0
summary:
Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems is a 1971 book by Jerome Ravetz. It contains a reasoned illustration of science as a social process with all the failings and imperfections of other human endeavors. == Content == It is impossible to understand the social and ethical problems confronting science without recognizing the falsity of the assumption, crucial to traditional theories of science, that the results of scientific research must be essentially good and true. Dr. Ravetz demonstrates the role of choice and value-judgment, and the inevitability of error, in scientific research. Important aspects of the book are the social construction of facts, science as a craft with essential tacit elements, the role of choice and value judgment, and the inevitability of error. The book argues that the internal quality control system of industrialized science will suffer severe problems: "The problem of quality control in science is thus at the centre of the social problems of the industrialized science of the present period." James H. Moor (1973) summarizes the main claims of Ravetz's work are as follows: "First, historically the social character of science has undergone tremendous changes. Secondly, the traditional philosophies of science which conceive of science as an activity


id: the-ultimate-experiment-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ultimate_Experiment-0.md
category: reference
title: The Ultimate Experiment
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ultimate_Experiment
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:52.543867+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-ultimate-experiment-20260505-0
summary:
The Ultimate Experiment: Man-Made Evolution is a 1977 book by science writer Nicholas Wade about the then-new and controversial field of recombinant DNA research ("gene splicing"), much of it drawn from his earlier news and commentary as a writer for Science. An updated edition with a new chapter was published in 1979. == Citations ==


id: uncertainty-and-quality-in-science-for-policy-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_and_Quality_in_Science_for_Policy-0.md
category: reference
title: Uncertainty and Quality in Science for Policy
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_and_Quality_in_Science_for_Policy
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:53.758566+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: uncertainty-and-quality-in-science-for-policy-20260505-0
summary:
Uncertainty and Quality in Science for Policy is a 1990 book by Silvio Funtowicz and Jerome Ravetz, in which the authors explain the notational system NUSAP (numeral, unit, spread, assessment, pedigree) and applies it to several examples from the environmental sciences. The work is considered foundational to the development of post-normal science. == Content == This work, written by the fathers of post-normal science, discusses the use of science for policy and its problems. The book emphasizes the need for craft skills with numbers – not only in statistics but also in cost-benefit analysis, and on the need of specific skills for policy-related research. It introduces for the first time NUSAP, a new notational system for the management of uncertainty and quality in quantitative information, and presents examples of its application to radiological hazards, the valuation of ecosystems, and to energy technologies. This work is one of the most quoted in the field of science and technology studies - see also Science, technology and society (STS), especially relation to the issue of "democratization of expertise". For Carrozza (2015) and Gooday (2006) this work, together with Ravetz's Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems (1971) constitutes the bedrock for the conceptualization of


id: unsavory-truth-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsavory_Truth-0.md
category: reference
title: Unsavory Truth
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsavory_Truth
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:54.902622+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: unsavory-truth-20260505-0
summary:
Unsavory Truth: How Food Companies Skew the Science of What We Eat is a 2018 book by American academic Marion Nestle. In the book, Nestle heavily criticizes research funded by food companies as motivated by increasing profits through marketing. == Background == Public awareness of nutrition has risen in recent decades. Companies have been funding nutrition research since at least the 1940s, and until 1990 disclosure policies of conflict of interest for academics were voluntary. Unsavory Truth was released while potential and actual conflicts of interest in research were being subject to increased attention, particularly around pharmaceutical companies, with relatively limited attention on food. The book was released as Coca-Cola was publicly criticized for pressuring journalists writing about Coca-Cola's health effects, and for its funding of health science for its own gain. === Marion Nestle === Nestle has researched food producers for over two decades, publishing works on specific types of foods rather than the entire industry. Her earlier publications included Food Politics (2002) and Safe Food (2003). In 2016, an email from an Australian public relations company warning Coca-Cola to monitor Nestle's comments was released in the 2016 Democratic National Committee email leak. == Content == The book covers


id: zoobiquity-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoobiquity-0.md
category: reference
title: Zoobiquity
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoobiquity
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:56.141145+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: zoobiquity-20260505-0
summary:
Zoobiquity is a 2012 non-fiction science book co-written by the cardiologist Barbara Natterson-Horowitz and Kathryn Bowers. It was a New York Times Bestseller. == Content == The book takes a cross-species approach to medical maladies, highlighting the many afflictions that plague humans as well as animals. It documents UCLA cardiologist Natterson-Horowitz’s experiences as a cardiovascular consultant to the Los Angeles Zoo. The authors also consulted medical and veterinary journals (such as Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, The New England Journal of Medicine, and Journal of Experimental Biology), as well as newspapers and science magazines. The book is divided into twelve chapters, with each focusing on a human condition alongside its animal parallel. Topics cover a broad range of disease-both physical and behavioral. The authors point out cross-species risk factors, such as the finding that both jaguars and many Ashkenazi Jewish women carry the BRCA1 genetic mutation that increases breast cancer risk. It also discusses practices that reduce risk factors in animals, noting that both dairy cows and spayed dogs are at reduced risk of breast cancer. The book highlights diseases that are found in both humans and animals, including obsessive-compulsive disorder in


id: above-and-beyond-1952-film-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Above_and_Beyond_(1952_film)-0.md
category: reference
title: Above and Beyond (1952 film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Above_and_Beyond_(1952_film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:57.781437+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: above-and-beyond-1952-film-20260505-0
summary:
Above and Beyond is a 1952 American World War II docudrama film directed by Melvin Frank and Norman Panama about Lt. Col. Paul W. Tibbets Jr., the pilot of the aircraft that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima in August 1945. The film stars Robert Taylor as Tibbets and features a love story with Eleanor Parker as his wife. == Plot == Col. Paul W. Tibbets Jr. is assigned to a dangerous mission testing a new bomber, the Boeing B-29 Superfortress. The perilous assignment has caused his wife Lucy to worry for his life and whether their marriage can survive the constant separations. After a year of scrutiny, Maj. Gen. Vernon C. Brent, who championed Tibbets as a test pilot, selects him to lead a new unit in the Pacific war flying the B-29, armed with a new secret weapon. Scientists of the Manhattan Project explain their secret weapon, the atomic bomb. Along with Maj. Bill Uanna, the only other person who knows what the mission will entail, Tibbets is expected to keep strict discipline over the personnel assigned to a B-29 conversion unit at Wendover Field, Utah. When families of crew members are brought to Wendover, tensions erupt between


id: apollo-13-film-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13_(film)-0.md
category: reference
title: Apollo 13 (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:59.048022+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: apollo-13-film-20260505-0
summary:
Apollo 13 is a 1995 American docudrama film directed by Ron Howard and starring Tom Hanks, Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton, Gary Sinise, Ed Harris and Kathleen Quinlan. The screenplay by William Broyles Jr. and Al Reinert dramatizes the aborted 1970 Apollo 13 lunar mission and is an adaptation of the 1994 book Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13, by astronaut Jim Lovell and Jeffrey Kluger. The film tells the story of astronauts Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise aboard the ill-fated Apollo 13 for the United States' fifth crewed mission to the Moon, which was intended to be the third to land. En route, an on-board explosion deprives their spacecraft of much of its oxygen supply and electrical power, which forces NASA's flight controllers to abandon the Moon landing and improvise scientific and mechanical solutions to get the three astronauts to Earth safely. Howard went to great lengths to create a technically accurate movie, employing NASA's assistance in astronaut and flight-controller training for his cast and obtaining permission to film scenes aboard a reduced-gravity aircraft for realistic depiction of the weightlessness experienced by the astronauts in space. Released in theaters by Universal Pictures in the United States on


id: apollo-13-film-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13_(film)-1.md
category: reference
title: Apollo 13 (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:59.048022+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: apollo-13-film-20260505-0
summary:
== Plot == On July 20, 1969, astronaut Jim Lovell hosts a party where guests watch Neil Armstrong's televised first steps on the Moon from Apollo 11. Lovell, who orbited the Moon on Apollo 8, tells his wife Marilyn that he will return to the Moon to walk on its surface. Three months later, as Lovell is conducting a VIP tour of NASA's Vehicle Assembly Building, his boss Deke Slayton informs him that his crew will fly Apollo 13 instead of 14, swapping flights with Alan Shepard's crew. Lovell, Ken Mattingly, and Fred Haise train for their mission. Days before launch in April 1970, Mattingly is exposed to German measles, and the flight surgeon demands his replacement with Mattingly's backup, Jack Swigert. Lovell resists breaking up his team, but relents when Slayton threatens to bump his crew to a later mission. As the launch date approaches, Marilyn has a nightmare about her husband dying in space, and tells Lovell she will not go to Kennedy Space Center to see him off for an unprecedented fourth launch. She later changes her mind and surprises him. On launch day, Flight Director Gene Kranz in Houston's Mission Control Center gives the go for


id: apollo-13-film-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13_(film)-2.md
category: reference
title: Apollo 13 (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:59.048022+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: apollo-13-film-20260505-0
summary:
Kathleen Quinlan as Marilyn Gerlach Lovell, Jim's wife Jean Speegle Howard (Ron Howard's mother) as Blanche Lovell, Jim's mother Mary Kate Schellhardt as Barbara Lovell, Jim's older daughter Max Elliott Slade as James "Jay" Lovell, Jim's older son Emily Ann Lloyd as Susan Lovell, Jim's younger daughter Miko Hughes as Jeffrey Lovell, Jim's younger son Rance Howard (Ron Howard's father) as the Lovell family minister Tracy Reiner as Mary Haise, Fred's wife Michele Little as Jane Conrad Cameos: Jim Lovell appears as Captain Leland Kirkemo of the recovery ship USS Iwo Jima; Howard had intended to make him an admiral, but Lovell himself, having retired as a captain, chose to appear in his actual rank (and wearing his own Navy uniform). Marilyn Lovell appears among the spectators during the launch sequence. Jeffrey Kluger appears as a television reporter. Horror film director Roger Corman, a mentor of Howard, appears as a congressman being given a VIP tour by Lovell of the Vehicle Assembly Building, as it had become something of a tradition for Corman to make a cameo appearance in his protégés' films. CBS News anchor Walter Cronkite appears in archive news footage and can be heard in newly recorded announcements,


id: apollo-13-film-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13_(film)-3.md
category: reference
title: Apollo 13 (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:59.048022+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: apollo-13-film-20260505-0
summary:
Principal photography for Apollo 13 started in August 1994. Howard anticipated difficulty in portraying weightlessness in a realistic manner. He discussed this with Steven Spielberg, who suggested filming aboard the KC-135 airplane, which can be flown in such a way as to create about 23 seconds of weightlessness, a method NASA has always used to train its astronauts for space flight. Howard obtained NASA's permission and assistance to obtain three hours and 54 minutes of filming time in 612 zero-g maneuvers. Filming in this environment was a time and cost saver because the stage recreation and computer graphics would have been expensive. The final three weeks of filming took place in the stages on the Universal Studios Lot in Universal City, California, where two life-size replicas of both the command module and the lunar module were built for simultaneous shooting on different soundstages. Air-cooling units lowered the temperatures inside each soundstage to around 38 °F (3 °C), to simulate the conditions necessary for condensation and the visibility of the actors' breath inside the spacecraft. Filming wrapped on February 25, 1995. The final scene to be filmed was the splashdown sequence at the film's conclusion, which was shot on a large,


id: apollo-13-film-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13_(film)-4.md
category: reference
title: Apollo 13 (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:59.048022+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: apollo-13-film-20260505-0
summary:
== Box office == Apollo 13 earned $25,353,380 from 2,347 theaters during its opening weekend, which made up 14.7% of the total US gross. Upon its opening, it was ranked number one at the box office, beating Pocahontas. Additionally, it surpassed Forrest Gump for having the largest opening weekend for a Tom Hanks film. Within five days, Apollo 13 generated $38.5 million, becoming the second-highest five-day opening of all time, behind Terminator 2: Judgment Day. The weekend of the film's opening earned $154 million from ticket sales, surpassing the previous record held by the combined Thanksgiving 1992 openings of Aladdin, The Bodyguard and Home Alone 2: Lost in New York. It would continue to stay in the number one spot for four weeks until it was dethroned by Waterworld. Earning $355,237,933, Apollo 13 was the third-highest-grossing film of 1995, behind Die Hard with a Vengeance and Toy Story (which also starred Hanks). On September 19, 2025, Apollo 13 began a 30th anniversary re-release in IMAX screenings. As of September 21, 2025, the 2025 re-release has made $627,155 from screenings in 200 IMAX theaters. == Reception == On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 94% of 150 critics' reviews are positive.


id: apollo-13-film-20260505-5
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13_(film)-5.md
category: reference
title: Apollo 13 (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:59.048022+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: apollo-13-film-20260505-0
summary:
In the film, Lovell tells his wife he was given command of Apollo 13 instead of 14 because original commander Alan Shepard's "ear infection is flaring up again"; in fact, Shepard had no "ear infection"; he had been grounded since 1963 by Ménière's disease. This was surgically corrected four years later and he was returned to flight duty in May 1969; Manned Spacecraft Center management felt he needed more training time for a lunar mission. The film portrays the Saturn V launch vehicle being rolled out to the launch pad two days before launch. In reality, the launch vehicle was rolled out on the Mobile Launcher using the crawler-transporter two months before the launch date. The film depicts the crew hearing a bang shortly after Swigert followed directions from mission control to stir the oxygen and hydrogen tanks. In reality, the crew heard the bang 95 seconds later. The film depicts Sy Liebergot suggesting that the oxygen leak was in one or two of Odyssey's fuel cells, and the order to shut them down was passed up to the crew, forcing abort of the lunar landing mission. In reality, Mission Control did not order the shutdown; Haise found the cells


id: apollo-13-film-20260505-6
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13_(film)-6.md
category: reference
title: Apollo 13 (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:37:59.048022+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: apollo-13-film-20260505-0
summary:
If there was a hero, Glynn Lunney was, by himself, a hero, because when he walked in the room, I guarantee you, nobody knew what the hell was going on. Glynn walked in, took over this mess, and he just brought calm to the situation. I've never seen such an extraordinary example of leadership in my entire career. Absolutely magnificent. No general or admiral in wartime could ever be more magnificent than Glynn was that night. He and he alone brought all of the scared people together. And you've got to remember that the flight controllers in those days were—they were kids in their thirties. They were good, but very few of them had ever run into these kinds of choices in life, and they weren't used to that. All of a sudden, their confidence had been shaken. They were faced with things that they didn't understand, and Glynn walked in there, and he just kind of took charge. A DVD commentary track, recorded by Jim and Marilyn Lovell and included with the Signature Laserdisc and later included on both DVD versions, mentions several inaccuracies included in the film, all done for reasons of artistic license: In the film, Mattingly


id: the-beginning-or-the-end-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beginning_or_the_End-0.md
category: reference
title: The Beginning or the End
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beginning_or_the_End
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:00.346150+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-beginning-or-the-end-20260505-0
summary:
The Beginning or the End is a 1947 American docudrama film about the development of the atomic bomb in World War II, directed by Norman Taurog, starring Brian Donlevy, Robert Walker, and Tom Drake, and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The film dramatizes the creation of the atomic bomb in the Manhattan Project and the bombing of Hiroshima. The film originated in October 1945 as a project of actress Donna Reed and her high school science teacher, Edward R. Tompkins, who was a chemist at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Bob Considine wrote the treatment, which was sent to MGM scriptwriters. The title was supplied by President Harry S. Truman. At the time there was a legal requirement that permission be obtained to depict living well-known public figures. Many refused, but others, such as J. Robert Oppenheimer, co-operated. Major General Leslie R. Groves, Jr., the director of the Manhattan Project, was hired as a consultant for $10,000 (equivalent to $165,000 in 2025). Although the filmmakers put considerable effort into historical accuracy, particularly in details, the film is known for some key distortions of history. An entirely fictional sequence was added in which Truman agonizes over whether to authorize the attack; anti-aircraft shells


id: the-beginning-or-the-end-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beginning_or_the_End-1.md
category: reference
title: The Beginning or the End
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beginning_or_the_End
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:00.346150+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-beginning-or-the-end-20260505-0
summary:
The idea for The Beginning or the End originated in October 1945 with actress Donna Reed, and her high school science teacher, Edward R. Tompkins, a chemist at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. According to The Hollywood Reporter issues of December 1945 and January 1946, MGM, Paramount and 20th Century-Fox were all interested in making a film about the Manhattan Project. Paramount's Hal B. Wallis was already working on his own version, titled Top Secret, but agreed to merge his project with MGM's and hand over his story and research, offering to serve as an adviser on the MGM treatment in return for a fixed fee and a percentage of the box office gross. The Beginning or the End had a number of working titles, including Atom Bomb, The Manhattan Project and Top Secret. Writer Bob Considine was hired to produce a treatment, which was submitted to MGM writers. The script underwent a number of revisions, with contributions from Robert Smith, Frank "Spig" Wead, Norman Krasna, David Hawkins, John Lee Mahin, Glenn Tryon, and Ayn Rand, who provided the montage of Hitler's conquests, a sequence in which a dying informant sends a message to Albert Einstein, and the scene in


id: the-beginning-or-the-end-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beginning_or_the_End-2.md
category: reference
title: The Beginning or the End
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beginning_or_the_End
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:00.346150+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-beginning-or-the-end-20260505-0
summary:
Military technical advisers for The Beginning or the End included Colonel William A. Considine, Groves's assistant in charge of Security and Public Relations, Major Glen W. Landreth, Major Paul Van Sloun and Lieutenant Colonel Charles W. Sweeney, the pilot of Bockscar, the bomber that dropped the atomic bomb on Nagasaki. Scientists were alarmed by reports that MGM leading man Clark Gable was being considered for the role of Groves, but were relieved when Brian Donlevy was cast instead. Donlevy usually appeared in villainous supporting roles and indeed, many of the actors cast in the movie appeari films noir: Hume Cronyn for The Postman Always Rings Twice; Joseph Calleia, for Gilda and Deadline at Dawn; and Ludwig Stössel for Fritz Lang's Cloak and Dagger. The portly Groves apparently had no objection to his portrayal by the slim and handsome Donlevy, except for the way in which he was shown bossing industrialists around. He had a scene in which he warned Roosevelt that the invasion of Japan would be opposed by Japanese atomic weapons deleted. Eleanor Roosevelt objected to the casting of Lionel Barrymore as her late husband, due to political remarks that Barrymore had made about the president in 1944. Marx


id: the-beginning-or-the-end-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beginning_or_the_End-3.md
category: reference
title: The Beginning or the End
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beginning_or_the_End
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:00.346150+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-beginning-or-the-end-20260505-0
summary:
=== Critical reception === Although The Beginning or the End was the first film to depict the story of the atomic bomb, both critics and the public were confused by the attempt to merge real events and fiction in a docudrama form. Bosley Crowther of The New York Times commented that "despite its generally able reenactments, this film is so laced with sentiment of the silliest and most theatrical nature that much of its impressiveness is marred." Variety, however, described the film as a "portentous tale in broad strokes of masterful scripting and production", and a "sum credit of everybody concerned that the documentary values are sufficiently there without becoming static". Time was less positive, noting that, "even as entertainment ... the picture seldom rises above cheery imbecility." In his Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists review, Harrison Brown considered the movie "poor", with a romantic angle "insipid in the extreme", but was most troubled by way scientific equipment was "over-glamorized" in the film, which he felt gave "a completely false impression of how scientists work." == See also == Day One (1989) Fat Man and Little Boy (1989) Nuclear Secrets, TV mini-series (2007) Manhattan, television series (2014–15) Oppenheimer (2023) ==


id: the-best-of-men-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Best_of_Men-0.md
category: reference
title: The Best of Men
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Best_of_Men
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:01.525844+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-best-of-men-20260505-0
summary:
The Best of Men is a 2012 period drama television film, which dramatizes the pioneering work of Dr Ludwig Guttmann with paraplegic patients at Stoke Mandeville Hospital, which led to the foundation of the Paralympic Games. It stars Eddie Marsan and Rob Brydon, and aired on BBC Two. == Plot == Ludwig Guttmann (Marsan) is a Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany, sponsored to stay in the United Kingdom by CARA, while his patients were injured British servicemen, initially bewildered at finding themselves under the care of one of "the enemy". On arrival at the hospital, the patients are kept under sedation, and immobile in bed, a regime leading to bedsores, infection, and, in many cases, death. Dr Guttman insists that the best prognosis for the patients is if they are as mobile as possible. This leads him to clash with the existing staff of nurses and doctors at the hospital, who are accustomed to merely managing the decline of their patients. As he gradually wins the staff over with his determination and optimism, Guttmann faces a further problem in the hopelessness of some of the patients, particularly exemplified by the youngest inmate, William Heath (MacKay), who joined the army from


id: blueprint-for-disaster-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueprint_for_Disaster-0.md
category: reference
title: Blueprint for Disaster
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueprint_for_Disaster
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:02.771652+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: blueprint-for-disaster-20260505-0
summary:
Blueprint for Disaster is a Canadian documentary television series that premiered in 2004 on Discovery Channel Canada. Produced by Temple Street Productions, the program investigates why and how various disasters have happened. Toronto-based Voice Artist Adrian Bell provided the narration for the first series. As of 2008, two seasons have been produced. == Episodes == === Season 1 === === Season 2 === == See also == Seconds from Disaster Seismic Seconds Mayday Trapped == References == == External links == Official website at the Wayback Machine (archived September 30, 2005) by the Discovery Channel Temple Street Productions Blueprint for Disaster at IMDb


id: the-challenge-2023-film-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Challenge_(2023_film)-0.md
category: reference
title: The Challenge (2023 film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Challenge_(2023_film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:04.208991+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-challenge-2023-film-20260505-0
summary:
The Challenge (Russian: Вызов, romanized: Vyzov) is a 2023 Russian space drama film co-written and directed by Klim Shipenko. Filmed on the International Space Station (ISS), it is the first fictional, feature-length film featuring actors to be shot in space. The film stars Yulia Peresild as a surgeon sent to space to help an injured cosmonaut. The cast also includes Miloš Biković and Vladimir Mashkov. The film crew was accompanied by cosmonauts Anton Shkaplerov, Oleg Novitsky, and Pyotr Dubrov, and NASA astronaut Mark T. Vande Hei. The Challenge marks the first collaboration between the Russian space corporation Roscosmos and the public broadcaster Channel One, with an approximate budget of around 1.155 billion rubles. Filming on the ISS took place for nearly two weeks. The Challenge premiered on Cosmonautics Day and was theatrically released in Serbia and Russia on 20 April 2023 by Central Partnership, on CosMAX, an analogue of IMAX. The film generated more than 1 billion rubles at the box office by the thirteenth day of theatrical showings. It holds the record for the highest-grossing Russian film on its opening day, and it grossed over 2 billion rubles against a production budget of 905 million rubles. == Plot ==


id: the-challenge-2023-film-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Challenge_(2023_film)-1.md
category: reference
title: The Challenge (2023 film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Challenge_(2023_film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:04.208991+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-challenge-2023-film-20260505-0
summary:
Maxim Stoyanov as Roman Biker, a mission candidate Benik Arakelyan as Rafik, a mission candidate Arthur Beschastnyy as Vasily 'Vasya', a mission candidate Andrey Kuzichev as Valery 'Valera', a mission candidate Sergey Godin as Pavel, a mission candidate Simon Steinberg as Kirill, a mission candidate Mikhail Troynik as Sergey, Zhenya Belyaeva's husband Varvara Volodina as Masha, Zhenya Belyaeva's daughter Danila Fedyunin as Borya, Masha's boyfriend Sofya Skya as Tatiana 'Tanya', an anesthesiologist Marianna Korobeynikova as Ksenia Bogdanova, wife of cosmonaut Oleg Bogdanov == Production == === Background and pre-production === The screening process began on 15 March 2021, as a joint project between Russia's federal space corporation Roscosmos, the state-controlled television network Channel One and production company Yellow, Black and White. The streaming service START took part in partnership with Tinkoff Bank and MegaFon, a company supported by the Cinema Fund Russia. The filming equipment was launched on Progress MS-17 and returned on Soyuz MS-18. According to Konstantin Ernst, Director General of Channel One, the filmmakers wanted to confirm Russia's power in the space sector and restore the prestige of the cosmonaut profession in the eyes of the younger generation (as an example, Yulia Peresild herself did not dream of


id: the-challenge-2023-film-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Challenge_(2023_film)-2.md
category: reference
title: The Challenge (2023 film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Challenge_(2023_film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:04.208991+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-challenge-2023-film-20260505-0
summary:
=== Marketing === On New Year's Eve, Channel One released the first musical number, and the first teaser trailer was released on 1 January 2023. The second trailer was released on 7 March 2023. On 6 April 2023, the premiere took place on Okhotny Ryad Street, under the descent module of the Soyuz MS-18 spacecraft that was installed near Manezhnaya Square, Moscow. On 10 April, the Cosmos Pavilion No. 32 at the Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy hosted the presentation and cancellation ceremony for a new postage stamp, part of the country's "Modern Russian Cinematography" series, depicting the movie's poster art. The 30-ruble stamp was issued the following Friday to coincide with the film's theatrical release and was accompanied by special postal cancellations at stations in Moscow, Star City and Korolyov in the Moscow Oblast, and elsewhere in Perm, Chelyabinsk and Baikonur. To minimize competition with other films, foreign films such as The Super Mario Bros. Movie and Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves were temporarily removed from the cinema schedule during the rental period. The tagline is "Become a star, by flying to the stars!" === Theatrical === The Challenge was released by Central Partnership, which is part


id: the-challenger-disaster-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Challenger_Disaster-0.md
category: reference
title: The Challenger Disaster
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Challenger_Disaster
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:05.437111+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-challenger-disaster-20260505-0
summary:
The Challenger (US title: The Challenger Disaster) is a 2013 TV movie starring William Hurt about Richard Feynman's investigation into the 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. The film was co-produced by the BBC, the Science Channel, and Open University, and it premiered on 12 May 2013 on BBC2. It is based on two books What Do You Care What Other People Think? (1988) and Truth, Lies and O-Rings. The film follows Feynman (William Hurt) as he attempts to expose the truth in the disaster. It aired in the U.S. on the Discovery Channel and the Science Channel on 16 November 2013. == Plot == Dr. Richard Feynman, a physics professor at Caltech, gives a guest lecture to students, lamenting on both the power and limitations of science. While driving home, he hears on the radio that the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded on takeoff and that it is very likely the astronauts perished in the accident. Several days later, he receives a phone call from a former student of his, who asks him to sit on the Presidential Commission to determine what caused the accident. Feynman, a vocal opponent of the political games politicians and government play, initially is unsure if


id: challenger-1990-film-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenger_(1990_film)-0.md
category: reference
title: Challenger (1990 film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenger_(1990_film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:07.293372+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: challenger-1990-film-20260505-0
summary:
Challenger is a 1990 American disaster drama television film based on the events surrounding the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986. Its production was somewhat controversial as the families of the astronauts generally objected to it. A prologue states that the film was "researched with the consultation of the National Aeronauts and Space Administration" and partly filmed at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. == Plot == The film concentrates on the safety inspections and arguments surrounding the O-rings that ultimately were blamed for the explosion of Challenger. While doing this, it also aims to show the personal humanity of the seven crew members. Generally, the film supports the Space Shuttle program and the dedication of NASA personnel in general while criticizing NASA management. After beginning on the eve of the launch, the rest of the film is told through flashback, beginning on July 19, 1985, when Christa McAuliffe was officially selected to be the first teacher to travel into space. The film ends just as the shuttle takes off on January 28, 1986, following a symbolic scene of each of the seven crew members and passengers reciting in their thoughts John Gillespie Magee Jr.'s poem "High Flight". U.S.


id: creation-2009-film-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation_(2009_film)-0.md
category: reference
title: Creation (2009 film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation_(2009_film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:09.638572+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: creation-2009-film-20260505-0
summary:
Creation is a 2009 British biographical drama film about Charles Darwin's relationship with his wife Emma and his memory of their eldest daughter Annie, as he struggles to write On the Origin of Species. The film, directed by Jon Amiel and starring real life couple Paul Bettany and Jennifer Connelly as Charles and Emma Darwin, is a somewhat fictionalised account based on Randal Keynes's Darwin biography Annie's Box. == Plot == British naturalist Charles Darwin is a young father who lives a quiet life in an idyllic village. He is a brilliant and deeply emotional man, devoted to his wife and children. Darwin is especially fond of his eldest daughter Annie, a precocious and inquisitive ten-year-old. He teaches her much about nature and science, including his theory of evolution, and tells her stories of his travels. Her favourite story, despite the sad ending, is about the young orangutan Jenny, who is brought from Borneo to the London Zoo, where she finally died of pneumonia in the arms of her keeper. Darwin is furious when he learns that the family clergyman has made Annie kneel on rock salt as punishment for contradicting him about dinosaurs, which she takes as having become


id: creation-2009-film-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation_(2009_film)-1.md
category: reference
title: Creation (2009 film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation_(2009_film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:09.638572+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: creation-2009-film-20260505-0
summary:
== Releases == The film had its world premiere on 10 September 2009 at the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival as the opening night gala presentation, the first non-Canadian film since 1996 to be so honoured. On 24 September 2009, Variety reported that Newmarket Films had acquired the rights to the film, which Newmarket released on 22 January in the U.S. The film was released in the U.K. on 25 September 2009, in Greece on 15 October 2009, in Japan on 20 October 2009 (Tokyo International Film Festival), in New Zealand on 24 December 2009, in the Netherlands on 7 January 2010, in Belgium on 20 January 2010, and in the U.S. and Canada on 22 January 2010. According to producer Jeremy Thomas, the United States was one of the last countries to find a distributor, due to the prominence of controversy about evolution and creation. Thomas said, in the beginning of September 2009: It is unbelievable to us that this is still a really hot potato in America. There's still a great belief that He [God] made the world in six days. It's quite difficult for us in the U.K. to imagine religion in America. We live in a


id: day-one-1989-film-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_One_(1989_film)-0.md
category: reference
title: Day One (1989 film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_One_(1989_film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:10.888395+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: day-one-1989-film-20260505-0
summary:
Day One is a made-for-TV docudrama film about the Manhattan Project, the research and development of the atomic bomb during World War II. It is based on the book by Peter H. Wyden. The film was written by David W. Rintels and directed by Joseph Sargent. It starred Brian Dennehy as General Leslie Groves, David Strathairn as Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer and Michael Tucker as Dr. Leo Szilard. It premiered in the United States on March 5, 1989 on the CBS network. It won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama/ or Comedy Special at the 41st Primetime Emmy Awards in 1989. The movie received critical acclaim for its historical accuracy despite being a dramatization. == Plot == Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard flees Germany on the last train out and leaves Europe during World War II. He attempts to convince the military in England that a nuclear bomb can be built and that the Germans are already working on it. His idea is filed and ignored. He eventually arrives in the United States where, with the help of Albert Einstein, he persuades the Federal government after a year to build an atomic bomb. The Manhattan Project is started and General


id: end-day-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End_Day-0.md
category: reference
title: End Day
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End_Day
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:12.078299+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: end-day-20260505-0
summary:
End Day is a 2005 docu-drama produced by the BBC. It aired on the National Geographic Channel, on the TV series National Geographic Channel Presents, and BBC Three. It depicts a set of five doomsday scenarios. The documentary follows the fictional scientist Dr. Howell, played by Glenn Conroy, as he travels from his London hotel room to his laboratory in New York City, and shows how each scenario affects his journey as well as those around him, with various experts providing commentary on that specific disaster as it unfolds. After each 'End Day' runs its course, the day repeats, this time with the next scenario panning out. The following descriptions of the program were released by the BBC: "Imagine waking up to the last day on Earth..." "Inspired by the predictions of scientists, End Day creates apocalyptic scenarios that go beyond reality. In a single hour, explore five different fictional disasters, from a giant tsunami hitting New York to a deadly meteorite strike on Berlin." == Scenarios == === Mega-Tsunami === A volcanic eruption of Cumbre Vieja on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands triggers a massive landslide. A sizable portion of the island collapses into the


id: fallout-irish-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallout_(Irish_TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Fallout (Irish TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallout_(Irish_TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:13.307917+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: fallout-irish-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Fallout is a RTÉ two-part fictional, doom laden docudrama. It deals with the nuclear fallout following a hypothetical disaster in the Sellafield Nuclear Reprocessing Plant in Cumbria on the British coast of the Irish Sea. The docu-drama suggests that, due to a changing wind direction, Ireland would bear the brunt of the British accident. The docu-drama was based on the false premise, that such an accident as depicted in the drama could happen and that parts of Ireland would need to be evacuated following a serious accident at Sellafield. Dr Ann McGarry, chief executive of the Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland, said: "The scenario envisaged in the programme is not realistic and grossly exaggerates the amount of radioactivity that could reach Ireland. The RPII cannot envisage any realistic scenario that would cause the radiation levels in Ireland to reach the concentrations as what was depicted in the drama". Following the dramatized accident, the docu-drama depicts Irish evacuation riots, societal collapse and widespread health impacts. == Episodes == === Part one === Part One aired on 23 April 2006, and focuses on the immediate aftermath of the incident and the implications which may arise for the Irish population. The plot is


id: the-food-that-built-america-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Food_That_Built_America-0.md
category: reference
title: The Food That Built America
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Food_That_Built_America
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:14.590588+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-food-that-built-america-20260505-0
summary:
The Food That Built America is an American nonfiction docudrama series for the History Channel, that premiered on August 11, 2019. Each episode outlines the development of a popular type of food or restaurant in the United States, typically focusing on the rise of two major companies that become rivals. Historical events in the relevant timelines are re-enacted for dramatic effect and interspersed with commentary by culinary historians, business experts, and food enthusiasts. The series was first announced in March 2019 and premiered on August 11, 2019. To date, it has aired six complete seasons; a seventh premiered on April 19, 2026. It is the fourth installment of the That Built franchise. == Episodes == === Series overview === === Season 1 (2019) === === Season 2 (2021) === === Season 3 (2022) === === Season 4 (2023) === === Season 5 (2024) === === Season 6 (2025) === === Season 7 (2026) === == Production == In March 2019, the series was green-lit. In May 2020, the series was renewed for a second season. Yoshi Stone is the series' showrunner. Along with Stone, Kim Woodard, Greg Henry, and Isaac Holub executive produce for Lucky 8. Jim Pasquarella and Mary


id: from-the-earth-to-the-moon-miniseries-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From_the_Earth_to_the_Moon_(miniseries)-0.md
category: reference
title: From the Earth to the Moon (miniseries)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From_the_Earth_to_the_Moon_(miniseries)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:15.915845+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: from-the-earth-to-the-moon-miniseries-20260505-0
summary:
From the Earth to the Moon is a 1998 American twelve-part television miniseries co-produced by Ron Howard, Brian Grazer, Tom Hanks and Michael Bostick. The series aired on HBO from April 5 to May 10, 1998. In docudrama format, it tells the story of the Apollo program during the 1960s and early 1970s. Largely based on Andrew Chaikin's 1994 book, A Man on the Moon, the series is known for its accurate telling of the story of Apollo and the special effects under visual director Ernest D. Farino. The series takes its title from, but is not based upon, Jules Verne's 1865 science fiction novel From the Earth to the Moon. Hanks appears in every episode, introducing each of the first eleven. The twelfth and final episode, represented in pseudo-documentary format, is narrated by Blythe Danner, interspersed with a reenactment of the production of Georges Méliès' 1902 film Le Voyage dans la Lune, also in part inspired by Verne's novel. Hanks narrates and appears in these scenes as Méliès' assistant, with Tchéky Karyo as Méliès. == Cast == The miniseries has a fairly large cast. It portrays 30 of the 32 astronauts who flew, or were preparing to fly, the


id: gagarin-first-in-space-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagarin:_First_in_Space-0.md
category: reference
title: Gagarin: First in Space
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagarin:_First_in_Space
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:17.114395+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: gagarin-first-in-space-20260505-0
summary:
Gagarin: First in Space a.k.a.. First man In Space (Russian: Гагарин. Первый в космосе, romanized: Gagarin. Pervyy v kosmose) is a 2013 Russian docudrama biopic about the first man in space, Yuri Gagarin, and the 1961 mission of Vostok 1. It was released by Central Partnership theatrically in Russia on June 6, 2013, and in the United Kingdom on DVD on June 23, 2014 by Entertainment One. The film's running time of 108 minutes approximates the time it took Gagarin to go around the Earth before returning. It stars Yaroslav Zhalnin as Soviet fighter pilot and cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. The film received mixed reviews, with some critics praising the film's acting, direction and storytelling with others touching on the film's "cheap-looking" visual effects. The film received criticism for its state funding and ignoring the aftermath of the flight. == Plot == On April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin blasted off in a Vostok rocket, becoming the first human in space and orbiting Earth for 108 minutes. He was one of the first group of cosmonauts who were selected from over three thousand fighter pilots throughout the Soviet Union. The legendary top twenty who were selected were the ace of


id: hawking-2004-film-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_(2004_film)-0.md
category: reference
title: Hawking (2004 film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_(2004_film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:18.382720+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: hawking-2004-film-20260505-0
summary:
Hawking is a 2004 biographical drama television film directed by Philip Martin and written by Peter Moffat. Starring Benedict Cumberbatch, it chronicles Stephen Hawking's early years as a PhD student at the University of Cambridge, following his search for the beginning of time, and his struggle against motor neurons disease. It premiered in the UK in April 2004. The film received positive reviews, with critics particularly lauding Cumberbatch's performance as Hawking. It received two British Academy Television Awards nominations: Best Single Drama and Best Actor (Cumberbatch). Cumberbatch won the Golden Nymph for Best Performance by an Actor in a TV Film or Miniseries. Cumberbatch's portrayal of Hawking was the first portrayal of the physicist on screen not by himself. == Plot == At Stephen Hawking's 21st birthday party he meets a new friend, Jane Wilde. There is a strong attraction between the two and Jane is intrigued by Stephen's talk of stars and the universe, but realises that there is something very wrong with Stephen when he suddenly finds that he is unable to stand up. A stay in hospital results in a distressing diagnosis. Stephen has motor neurone disease and doctors don't expect him to survive for more than


id: the-heavy-water-war-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Heavy_Water_War-0.md
category: reference
title: The Heavy Water War
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Heavy_Water_War
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:19.725393+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-heavy-water-war-20260505-0
summary:
The Heavy Water War (original title Kampen om tungtvannet and alternative title The Saboteurs (United Kingdom)) is a six-episode war drama television miniseries written by Petter S. Rosenlund and produced by Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. It is a Norwegian/Danish/British co-production directed by Per-Olav Sørensen based on the true story of the German nuclear weapon project during the Second World War and the heavy water sabotage in Norway to disrupt it, with a particular emphasis on the role of the Norwegian intelligence officer Leif Tronstad. The first two episodes were initially broadcast on NRK1, on 4 January 2015. The opening episodes had 1,259,000 viewers, which was a record for the opening of a drama series in Norway. In Denmark, the initial broadcast was on 4 May 2015 on TV 2 titled Kampen om det tunge vand. In the UK, the miniseries, retitled The Saboteurs, was aired by More4 from 19 June 2015 and had a good critical reception. The series was released in the UK on DVD and Blu-ray on 10 August 2015. In Poland the show premiered on 15 January 2016 on ipla VOD to very good reviews. Viewing rights for France were bought by Entertainment One, for Benelux by Lumière,


id: hiroshima-1995-film-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima_(1995_film)-0.md
category: reference
title: Hiroshima (1995 film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima_(1995_film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:21.047019+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: hiroshima-1995-film-20260505-0
summary:
Hiroshima is a 1995 Japanese-Canadian war drama film directed by Koreyoshi Kurahara and Roger Spottiswoode about the decision-making processes that led to the dropping of the atomic bombs by the United States on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki toward the end of World War II. The three-hour film was made for television (Showtime Network) and had no theatrical release. A combination of dramatization, historical footage, and eyewitness interviews, the film alternates between documentary footage and dramatic recreations. The dramatizations and most of the original footage are presented as sepia-toned images, serving to blur the distinction between them. The languages are English and Japanese, with subtitles, and the actors are largely Canadian and Japanese. == Synopsis == The film opens on 12 April 1945 with the death of Franklin Roosevelt and the succession of Harry Truman to the presidency. In Europe, the Germans are close to surrender, but in the Pacific the bloody battle for Okinawa is still under way. American casualties have almost reached 900,000, with Japanese casualties at 1.1 million; 8 million Asian civilians have died in the war that began with Japan's 1931 invasion of Manchuria. The new president knows nothing about the nuclear weapons being


id: hiroshima-bbc-history-of-world-war-ii-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima:_BBC_History_of_World_War_II-0.md
category: reference
title: Hiroshima: BBC History of World War II
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima:_BBC_History_of_World_War_II
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:22.166321+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: hiroshima-bbc-history-of-world-war-ii-20260505-0
summary:
Hiroshima is a BBC docudrama that premiered as a television special on 5 August 2005, marking the eve of the 60th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. The programme was aired on the Discovery Channel and BBC America in the United States. The documentary features historical reenactments using firsthand eyewitness accounts and computer-generated imagery of the explosion. The film won an Emmy and three BAFTA awards in 2006. == Summary == The documentary recounts the world's first nuclear attack and examines the repercussions. Covering a three-week period from the Trinity test to the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, the program chronicles America's political gamble and the planning for the momentous event. Archival film, dramatizations, and special effects depict what occurred aboard the Enola Gay and inside the nuclear blast. == Eyewitness interviews == Six Japanese survivors are interviewed: Kinuko Laskey (a nurse in a communications hospital), Morio Ozaki (an army cadet), Teruko Fujii (16-year-old tram driver), Thomas Takashi Tanemori (an eight-year-old schoolboy), Dr. Shuntaro Hida (a doctor at a military hospital), and Akiko Takakura (a 17-year-old city bank clerk). From the United States the interviewees are Paul Tibbets (the commanding officer and pilot of the Enola Gay), Theodore Van Kirk


id: hostile-waters-film-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostile_Waters_(film)-0.md
category: reference
title: Hostile Waters (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostile_Waters_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:23.327466+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: hostile-waters-film-20260505-0
summary:
Hostile Waters is a British 1997 television film about the loss of the Soviet Navy's K-219, a Yankee I class nuclear ballistic missile sub. The film stars Rutger Hauer as the commander of K-219 and claims to be based on the true story, also described in the 1997 book of the same name. The film was produced by World Productions for the BBC and HBO, in association with Invision Productions and UFA Filmproduktions. It was written by Troy Kennedy Martin and directed by David Drury, and was first transmitted on BBC One on 26 July 1997. == Plot == In 1986, the Soviet Navy submarine K-219 performs a Crazy Ivan, and USS Aurora collides with her, causing a rupture of the seal on one of its ballistic missile tubes. The leaking seawater causes a corrosive reaction which floods the sub with toxic gas. The corrosive reaction starts a fire that floods the sub with more toxic gas and smoke. The captain surfaces the boat, moves the crew out to the deck, and attempts to vent the sub. The chief engineer informs the captain that the fire may cook off the nukes and cause a nuclear explosion. The launch doors are


id: life-story-film-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_Story_(film)-0.md
category: reference
title: Life Story (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_Story_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:37.077338+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: life-story-film-20260505-0
summary:
Life Story (known in a much-shortened version in the United States as The Race for the Double Helix) is a 1987 television historical drama which depicts the progress toward, and the competition for, the discovery of the structure of DNA in the early 1950s. It was directed by Mick Jackson for the BBC's Horizon science series, and stars Jeff Goldblum, Tim Pigott-Smith, Juliet Stevenson, and Alan Howard. It won several awards in the UK and U.S., including the 1988 BAFTA TV Award for Best Single Drama. == Summary == The film dramatises the rivalries of the two teams of scientists attempting to discover the structure of DNA: Francis Crick and James D. Watson at Cambridge University; and Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin at King's College London. They are also competing with other scientists in the UK, and with international scientists such as American Linus Pauling. The film manages to convey the loneliness and competitiveness of scientific research but also educates the viewer about how DNA's structure was discovered. It explores the tension between the patient, dedicated laboratory work of Franklin and the sometimes uninformed intuitive leaps of Watson and Crick, against a background of institutional turf wars, personality conflicts, and


id: the-men-who-built-america-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Men_Who_Built_America-0.md
category: reference
title: The Men Who Built America
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Men_Who_Built_America
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:38.312359+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-men-who-built-america-20260505-0
summary:
The Men Who Built America (also known as The Innovators: The Men Who Built America in some international markets) is an eight-hour, four-part miniseries docudrama by the History Channel. It is the first installment of the That Built franchise. == Overview == The series focuses on the lives of Cornelius Vanderbilt, John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, J. P. Morgan, and Henry Ford. It tells how their industrial innovations and business empires revolutionized modern society. The series is directed by Patrick Reams and Ruán Magan and is narrated by Campbell Scott. It averaged 2.6 million total viewers (1.2 million adults 25–54 and 1 million adults 18–49) across four nights. == Cast == Additional narration was provided by H. W. Brands, Mark Cuban, Donny Deutsch, Donald Trump, Jim Cramer, and Steve Case. William Jennings Bryan – James Kidd Andrew Carnegie – (The Elder) – Adam Jonas Segaller Andrew Carnegie – (The Younger) – AJ Achinger Thomas Edison – Justin Morck James Fisk – Kenneth Cavett Henry Ford – Cary Donaldson Henry Clay Frick – John C. Bailey Jay Gould – Cameron McNary William McKinley – Dan Odell J. P. Morgan – (The Elder) – Ray Reynolds J. P. Morgan – (The Younger)


id: micro-men-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro_Men-0.md
category: reference
title: Micro Men
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro_Men
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:39.524190+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: micro-men-20260505-0
summary:
Micro Men is a 2009 one-off BBC drama television programme set in the late 1970s and the early-mid 1980s, about the rise of the British home computer market and the early fortunes of Sinclair and Acorn Computers. It focuses on the rivalry between Sir Clive Sinclair (played by Alexander Armstrong), who developed the ZX Spectrum, and Chris Curry (played by Martin Freeman), the man behind the BBC Micro. == Plot == The drama is centred on two of the leading players and their respective companies in the home computer market of the late 1970s and early 1980s focusing on the race to win a grant from the BBC to become the provider of a home computer for the BBC's programming for schools. Certain parts of the drama are based on historical fact while others are a dramatisation. The main characters are ZX Spectrum creator Clive Sinclair and BBC Micro creators Chris Curry, Sophie Wilson, Steve Furber and Hermann Hauser. The real-life Wilson also makes a brief cameo as a barmaid. == Cast == Alexander Armstrong as Clive Sinclair Martin Freeman as Chris Curry Edward Baker-Duly as Hermann Hauser Sam Phillips as Steve Furber Stefan Butler as Roger Wilson Colin Michael


id: moonshot-2009-film-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonshot_(2009_film)-0.md
category: reference
title: Moonshot (2009 film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonshot_(2009_film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:40.719017+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: moonshot-2009-film-20260505-0
summary:
Moonshot is a 2009 television film depicting the story leading up to the landing of Apollo 11's Lunar Module Eagle on the surface of the Moon on 20 July 1969. == Cast == James Marsters as Buzz Aldrin Andrew Lincoln as Michael Collins Ursula Burton as Marilyn Lovell Daniel Lapaine as Neil Armstrong William Hope as Psychologist Anna Maxwell Martin as Janet Armstrong Colin Stinton as Bob Gilruth Michael J. Reynolds as Gene Aldrin Nigel Whitmey as Deke Slayton Richard Dillane as Tom Stafford Ian Porter as Bill Anders == Production == The film utilizes actual footage taken during the time period known as the Space Race. == Reception == Mike Hale of The New York Times opined that it was "better than average" for a television film and that it featured "sensible" dialogue and "adequate" performances while mostly avoiding "opportunities for cheap emotion". Jason Bailey of DVD Talk rated the film 3/5 stars, opining that it "ingeniously intermingl[es] drama and documentary to tell a truly fascinating story with skill, if not a tremendous amount of depth." Michele Hewitson of The New Zealand Herald called the film an "uneasy mix of fact and licence" and a "competent but hardly inspiring


id: mystery-diagnosis-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystery_Diagnosis-0.md
category: reference
title: Mystery Diagnosis
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystery_Diagnosis
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:41.956421+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: mystery-diagnosis-20260505-0
summary:
Mystery Diagnosis is a television docudrama series that aired on Discovery Health Channel and OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network. Each episode focuses on two or more individuals who have struggled with obscure medical ailments, and their quest for a diagnosis. The program details the patients' and doctors' difficulty in pinpointing a diagnosis; often due to nonspecific symptoms, masquerading syndromes, the rarity of the condition or disease, or the patient's case being an unusual manifestation of said condition or disease. The series debuted on Discovery Health Channel in 2005, and was continued when the Oprah Winfrey Network replaced Discovery Health on January 1, 2011. The last season premiered January 5, 2011. == Description == Each episode tells the stories of two patients who experienced difficult to diagnose medical conditions. Each segment generally begins with a short description of the patient's life before they fell ill (or in the case of a young child, the parents' life before the child was born). The symptoms that the person experienced are described from their onset, usually becoming progressively worse; the progression is often re-enacted by actors while the original patient narrates. The show chronicles the patient's visits from doctor to doctor, where they may receive


id: list-of-mystery-diagnosis-episodes-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mystery_Diagnosis_episodes-0.md
category: reference
title: List of Mystery Diagnosis episodes
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mystery_Diagnosis_episodes
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:43.258057+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-mystery-diagnosis-episodes-20260505-0
summary:
The following is an episode list of the Discovery Health Channel, and later OWN, series, Mystery Diagnosis. == Series overview == == Episodes == === Season 1 (2005) === === Season 2 (2006) === === Season 3 (2007) === === Season 4 (2007) === === Season 5 (2008) === === Season 6 (2008–09) === === Season 7 (2009) === === Season 8 (2010) === === Season 9 (2010) === === Season 10 (2011) === == References == == External links == Mystery Diagnosis at IMDb


id: the-mystery-of-matter-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mystery_of_Matter-0.md
category: reference
title: The Mystery of Matter
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mystery_of_Matter
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:44.459671+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-mystery-of-matter-20260505-0
summary:
The Mystery of Matter: Search for the Elements is a 2014 American documentary miniseries, which premiered nationwide on August 19, 2015. The PBS documentary, in three-episodes of one hour each, was directed by Stephen Lyons and Muffie Meyer. The series, which took ten years to make, describes the search for the basic chemical elements that form matter by focusing on the lives and times of seven scientific visionaries. Hosted by actor Michael Emerson, the series depicts the creative process of the scientists, with actors describing the process of discovery in the scientists' own words and reenacting their major discoveries using replicas of their original laboratory equipment. == Episodes == == Participants == The documentary is narrated by Michael Emerson and includes the following participants (alphabetized by last name): == Gallery == === The seven featured scientists === === Cast and advisors === == Reviews and criticism == According to Carman Drahl of Forbes magazine, "Chemists will quickly recognize the life stories of giants in their field. This show wasn’t designed just for chemists, however. The target audience includes teachers, students, and curious TV viewers." The series, based on a National Science Foundation project description, tells "a 'detective story' of chemistry,


id: nise-the-heart-of-madness-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nise:_The_Heart_of_Madness-0.md
category: reference
title: Nise: The Heart of Madness
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nise:_The_Heart_of_Madness
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:45.716091+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nise-the-heart-of-madness-20260505-0
summary:
Nise: The Heart of Madness (Portuguese: Nise: O Coração da Loucura) is a 2015 Brazilian docudrama film directed by Roberto Berliner. Starring Glória Pires, the film is based on the life of psychiatrist Nise da Silveira, a pioneer of occupational therapy in Brazil. Nise also features Fabrício Boliveira, Fernando Eiras, Perfeito Fortuna, Roberta Rodrigues, Augusto Madeira, Simone Mazzer, and Zé Carlos Machado. == Plot == In 1944, the doctor Nise da Silveira returns to work in a psychiatric hospital in the suburbs of Rio de Janeiro and refuses to use electroshock and lobotomy in the treatment of schizophrenics. Insulated from the other doctors, she must reorganize the abandoned occupational-therapy sector, where she forms a new clinical approach of listening and observing, further alienating herself from her colleagues. Insisting that those under her care be referred to as clients, rather than patients, she encourages the freedom of expression through art, discovering her clients' talents. She opens the Casa das Palmeiras, a clinic and studio, at the hospital, and later starts a museum dedicated to her clients' artwork. == Production == According to director Roberto Berliner, the idea for Nise came from Bernardo Horta, brother of the film's director of photography, André


id: nuclear-secrets-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Secrets-0.md
category: reference
title: Nuclear Secrets
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Secrets
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:46.972057+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nuclear-secrets-20260505-0
summary:
Nuclear Secrets, aka Spies, Lies and the Superbomb, is a 2007 BBC Television docudrama series which looks at the race for nuclear supremacy from the Manhattan Project through to Pakistan's nuclear weapons programme. == Production == The series was produced by the BBC in co-production with National Geographic Society and NDR (Norddeutscher Rundfunk). == Episodes == === Episode one: The Spy From Moscow === "Soviet Colonel Oleg Penkosky spied in the build-up to the gravest nuclear crisis of all time, when the world came close to annihilation." In 1960, Soviet Military Intelligence Officer Oleg Penkovsky passes a letter offering to share secrets with the U.S. Government to American students visiting Moscow, but Washington fails to respond. Penkovsky later passes a letter to British Trade Delegation representative Greville Wynne warning that Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev was planning an all-out nuclear attack. Penkovsky meets with MI6 officer Harry Shergold and Central Intelligence Agency agent Joe Bulik a short time later on a trip to London and warns that the Soviets have been arming Cuba. Penkovsky is instructed to gather info on missile strategy and is given British industrial secrets to help maintain his cover upon his return to Moscow. Chief Marshall Sergei


id: nuclear-secrets-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Secrets-1.md
category: reference
title: Nuclear Secrets
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Secrets
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:46.972057+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nuclear-secrets-20260505-0
summary:
=== Episode three: Superbomb === "After the Second World War, America was looking forward to a bright Atomic future. As the only country with the atom bomb it felt secure. 29th of August 1949, the Soviets stun the world by exploding their own atom bomb. Suddenly the West itself was under threat. Edward Teller, a leading physicist from Hungary, believed the only way to save the world from Soviet Communism was to build an even bigger bomb, the hydrogen bomb, or Super." In 1950, Edward Teller briefs the team at Los Alamos National Laboratory about plans to construct a hydrogen bomb but U.S. Presidential Advisor Robert Oppenheimer opposes him. Oppenheimer is summoned to the White House to discuss whether Soviet spy Klaus Fuchs passed on info about the Super. Soviet Chairman Stalin instructs Andrei Sakharov to work under Beria on the Soviet hydrogen bomb project. U.S. Atomic Energy Commissioner Lewis Strauss supports Teller and U.S. President Harry S. Truman commissions the project. Kitty Oppenheimer fears her communist connections may compromise her husband and his moral objections to the project. Sakharov reviews Fuchs' info on Teller's Super but has his own plans for a simpler but less powerful bomb. Federal Bureau


id: operation-swallow-the-battle-for-heavy-water-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Swallow:_The_Battle_for_Heavy_Water-0.md
category: reference
title: Operation Swallow: The Battle for Heavy Water
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Swallow:_The_Battle_for_Heavy_Water
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:48.197659+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: operation-swallow-the-battle-for-heavy-water-20260505-0
summary:
Operation Swallow: The Battle for Heavy Water (original title: Kampen om tungtvannet, French title: La Bataille de l'eau lourde) is a Norwegian-French film from 1948. The history is based on the best known commando raid in Norway during World War II, where the resistance group Norwegian Independent Company 1 destroyed the heavy water plant at Vemork in Telemark in February 1943. The film is basically a reconstruction of real events, a docudrama, with many of the participants playing themselves in the film. It was filmed on location in Norway. == Cast == == Reception == It was the second most popular film at the French box office in 1948. == See also == The Heroes of Telemark, a 1965 film The Heavy Water War, a 2015 TV series == References == == External links == Operation Swallow: The Battle for Heavy Water at IMDb


id: oppenheimer-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oppenheimer_(TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Oppenheimer (TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oppenheimer_(TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:49.442407+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: oppenheimer-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Oppenheimer is a seven-part biographical drama based on the life and career of American theoretical physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer. Written by Peter Prince and directed by Barry Davis, the series is a co-production between the BBC and WGBH. It stars Sam Waterston in the title role, with Jana Shelden, Christopher Muncke, Edward Hardwicke, and David Suchet in supporting roles, and is narrated by John Carson. Oppenheimer premiered in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on 29 October 1980, and concluded on 10 December 1980, consisting of seven episodes. The series won three BAFTA TV Awards, including Best Drama Series or Serial, from seven nominations. It received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Limited Series and Outstanding Writing in a Limited Series or a Special for Prince. For his portrayal of Oppenheimer, Waterston was nominated for a BAFTA TV Award and a Golden Globe Award. == Plot synopsis == The series depicts Oppenheimer's wartime role as head of the weapons laboratory of the Manhattan Project, during which he was under constant surveillance by the US federal government because of his association with communists. It culminates in a U.S. Atomic Energy Commission hearing in 1954, in which Oppenheimer is stripped of


id: project-blue-book-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Blue_Book_(TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Project Blue Book (TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Blue_Book_(TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:50.837446+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: project-blue-book-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Project Blue Book is an American historical drama television series that premiered on History on January 8, 2019. The main role of Dr. J. Allen Hynek is played by Aidan Gillen, and the first season consisted of ten episodes. The series is based on the real-life Project Blue Book, a series of studies on unidentified flying objects conducted by the United States Air Force. On February 10, 2019, History renewed the series for a 10-episode second season which premiered on January 21, 2020. In May 2020, it was announced that the series had been canceled. == Premise == The series revolves around the real-life Project Blue Book, a secret series of investigations into supposed UFO encounters and unexplained phenomena undertaken by the United States Air Force with skeptical astrophysics professor — and eventual ufologist — Dr. J. Allen Hynek in the 1950s and 1960s. With his partner, Air Force veteran Captain Michael Quinn, they investigate sightings across the U.S., and Dr. Hynek discovers that not everything can be explained by science. == Cast and characters == === Main === Aidan Gillen as Dr. J. Allen Hynek, an astronomer, astrophysicist, professor, and UFOlogist working on Project Blue Book. Skeptical about the


id: race-for-the-bomb-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_for_the_Bomb-0.md
category: reference
title: Race for the Bomb
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_for_the_Bomb
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:52.072942+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: race-for-the-bomb-20260505-0
summary:
Race for the Bomb (French: La Course à la bombe) is a 1987 three-part television miniseries about the Manhattan Project, starting from the initial stages of scientific discovery that led to the creation of the atomic bomb, discovery of the Ulam-Teller thermonuclear weapons design and ending with the beginning of the arms race. The series was directed by Allan Eastman and Jean-François Delassus. The production was a joint production of a Canadian firm, Ronald Cohen Productions, a French firm, Société Philippe Dussart and Jadran Film of Zagreb (former Yugoslavia). In Canada the series aired on both CBC Television in English and Télévision de Radio-Canada in French, while in France it aired on TF1. A lot of collateral roles have been performed by actors from the former Yugoslavia. The series covers the development of many aspects related to the origin of the bomb, such as scientific, political, and personal. It stars Tom Rack as Robert Oppenheimer, Maury Chaykin as Leslie Groves, Miki Manojlović as Edward Teller, Jean-Paul Muel as Leo Szilard, Michael Ironside as Werner Heisenberg, Géza Kovács as Otto Frisch, Jean-Claude Deret as Niels Bohr, Denis Forest as Klaus Fuchs, Peter Dvorsky as Ernest Lawrence, Leslie Nielsen as Lewis Strauss


id: the-right-stuff-film-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(film)-0.md
category: reference
title: The Right Stuff (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:53.383426+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-right-stuff-film-20260505-0
summary:
The Right Stuff is a 1983 American epic historical drama film written and directed by Philip Kaufman and based on the 1979 book of the same name by Tom Wolfe. The film follows the Navy, Marine, and Air Force test pilots who were involved in aeronautical research at Edwards Air Force Base, California, as well as the Mercury Seven, the seven military pilots who were selected to be the astronauts for Project Mercury, the first human spaceflight by the United States. The film stars Sam Shepard, Ed Harris, Scott Glenn, Fred Ward, Dennis Quaid, Barbara Hershey and Kim Stanley (in her final film); Levon Helm narrates and plays Air Force test pilot Jack Ridley. The Right Stuff was a box-office bomb, grossing about $21 million (domestically) against a $27 million budget. However, it received widespread critical acclaim and was nominated for eight Oscars at the 56th Academy Awards, four of which it won. The film was a huge success on the home video market. In 2013, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." The film was ranked #19 on the American Film Institute's


id: the-right-stuff-film-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(film)-1.md
category: reference
title: The Right Stuff (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:53.383426+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-right-stuff-film-20260505-0
summary:
=== Development === In 1979, independent producers Robert Chartoff and Irwin Winkler outbid Universal Pictures for the movie rights to Tom Wolfe's book, paying $350,000. They hired William Goldman to write the screenplay. Goldman wrote in his memoirs that his adaptation focused on the astronauts, and he entirely ignored Chuck Yeager. Goldman was inspired to accept the job because he wanted to say something patriotic about America in the wake of the Iran hostage crisis. Winkler writes in his memoirs that he was disappointed that Goldman's adaptation ignored Yeager. In June 1980, United Artists agreed to finance the film up to $20 million, and the producers began looking for a director. Michael Ritchie was originally attached but fell through; so did John Avildsen who, four years prior, had won an Oscar for his work under Winkler and Chartoff on the original Rocky. (The Right Stuff would have reunited Avildsen with both producers and also with a fourth Rocky veteran, composer Bill Conti.) Ultimately, Chartoff and Winkler approached director Philip Kaufman, who agreed to make the film but did not like Goldman's script. Kaufman disliked the emphasis on patriotism and wanted Yeager put back in the film. Eventually, Goldman quit the


id: the-right-stuff-film-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(film)-2.md
category: reference
title: The Right Stuff (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:53.383426+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-right-stuff-film-20260505-0
summary:
=== Historical accuracy === Although The Right Stuff was based on historic events and real people, as previously interpreted by Tom Wolfe in his book, some substantial dramatic liberties were taken. Neither Yeager's flight in the X-1 to break the sound barrier early in the film or his later nearly-fatal flight in the NF-104A was spur-of-moment capriciously decided event, as the film seems to imply. Both were actually part of the routine testing program for both aircraft. Yeager had already test-flown both aircraft a number of times and was very familiar with them. Jack Ridley had actually died in 1957, even though his character appears in several key scenes taking place after that, most notably including Yeager's 1963 flight of the NF-104A. Other notable inaccuracies include the early termination of Glenn's flight after three orbits, instead of seven, when the flight was scheduled for at most three orbits, and the engineers who built the Mercury craft portrayed as Germans though they were mostly Americans. The Right Stuff depicts Cooper arriving at Edwards in 1953, reminiscing with Grissom there about the two of them having supposedly flown together at the Langley Air Force Base, and then hanging out with Grissom and


id: the-right-stuff-film-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(film)-3.md
category: reference
title: The Right Stuff (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:53.383426+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-right-stuff-film-20260505-0
summary:
Douglas A-4 Skyhawk LTV A-7 Corsair II North American F-86 Sabre Convair F-106 Delta Dart McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II Sikorsky H-34 Choctaw Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star Northrop T-38 Talon A number of aircraft significant to the story had to be recreated. The first was an essentially static X-1 that had to at least roll along the ground and realistically "belch flame" by a simulated rocket blast from the exhaust pipes. A series of wooden mock-up X-1s were used to depict interior shots of the cockpit, the mating up of the X-1 to a modified B-29 fuselage and bomb bay and ultimately to recreate flight in a combination of model work and live-action photography. The "follow-up" X-1A was also an all-wooden model. The U.S. Navy's Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket that Crossfield duelled with Yeager's X-1 and X-1A was recreated from a modified Hawker Hunter jet fighter. The climactic flight of Yeager in a Lockheed NF-104A was originally to be made with a modified Lockheed F-104 Starfighter but ultimately, Wilmore decided that the production had to make do with a repainted Luftwaffe F-104G, which lacks the rocket engine of the NF-104. Wooden mock-ups of the Mercury space capsules


id: the-right-stuff-film-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(film)-4.md
category: reference
title: The Right Stuff (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:53.383426+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-right-stuff-film-20260505-0
summary:
=== Reviews === The Right Stuff received overwhelming acclaim from critics. The film holds a 96% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 52 reviews, with an average score of 8.80/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "The Right Stuff packs a lot of movie into its hefty running time, spinning a colorful, fact-based story out of consistently engaging characters in the midst of epochal events." On Metacritic — which assigns a weighted mean score — the film has a score of 91 out of 100 based on 16 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". Roger Ebert named The Right Stuff best film of 1983 and wrote: "There was a lot going on, and there's a lot going on in the movie, too. The Right Stuff is an adventure film, a special effects film, a social commentary and a satire... it joins a short list of recent American movies that might be called experimental epics: movies that have an ambitious reach through time and subject matter, that spend freely for locations or special effects, but that consider each scene as intently as an art film.... It's a great film." He later named it one of the best films of the decade, and wrote:


id: the-right-stuff-film-20260505-5
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(film)-5.md
category: reference
title: The Right Stuff (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:53.383426+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-right-stuff-film-20260505-0
summary:
== Home media == On June 23, 2003, Warner Home Video released a two-disc DVD Special Edition that featured scene-specific commentaries with key cast and crew members, deleted scenes, three documentaries on the making of The Right Stuff including interviews with Mercury astronauts and Chuck Yeager, and a feature-length PBS documentary, John Glenn: American Hero. The extras are also included in the November 5, 2013 release of the 30th Anniversary edition, which also includes a 40-page book binding case, with the film in Blu-ray format. The extras are in standard DVD format. In addition, the British Film Institute published a book on The Right Stuff by Tom Charity in October 1997 that offered a detailed analysis and behind-the-scenes anecdotes. == Soundtrack == Although an album mix had been prepared by Bill Conti in 1983, and the poster indeed contains the credit "Original Soundtrack Available On Geffen Records"), the soundtrack album release was canceled following the film's disappointing box office. In 1986, Conti conducted a re-recording of selections from the score and from his music for North and South, performed by the London Symphony Orchestra and released by Varèse Sarabande The original soundtrack was released by Varèse Sarabande on September 20,


id: the-right-stuff-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: The Right Stuff (TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:54.673669+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-right-stuff-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
The Right Stuff is an American historical drama limited television series, loosely based on the 1979 book of the same name by Tom Wolfe and its 1983 film adaptation, that premiered on October 9, 2020, on Disney+. It is the third installment in the titular franchise. It explores the origins and growth of the United States' space program. On April 3, 2021, Disney+ canceled the series due to a redesign in the NatGeo channel's focus. Show financier Warner Bros. Television is looking to shop the series to other networks. The series was removed from Disney+ on May 26, 2023, amidst the Disney+ and Hulu purge. == Premise == The Right Stuff takes a "gritty, anti-nostalgic look at what would become America's first reality show as the obsessive original Mercury Seven astronauts and their families become instant celebrities in a competition that will either kill them or make them immortal. The eight-part, one-hour-per-episode drama will follow the protagonists from the Mojave Desert to the edges of space, with future seasons carrying through to humankind’s greatest achievement: the moon landing." == Cast and characters == === Main === Jake McDorman as Alan Shepard Patrick J. Adams as John Glenn Colin O'Donoghue as


id: the-salisbury-poisonings-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Salisbury_Poisonings-0.md
category: reference
title: The Salisbury Poisonings
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Salisbury_Poisonings
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:55.990853+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-salisbury-poisonings-20260505-0
summary:
The Salisbury Poisonings is a fact-based drama television series, starring Anne-Marie Duff, Rafe Spall and Annabel Scholey which portrays the 2018 Novichok poisonings and decontamination crisis in Salisbury, England, and the subsequent Amesbury poisonings. The series was broadcast in three parts on BBC One in June 2020, and has been shown in four parts elsewhere. It was created by Adam Patterson and Declan Lawn for Dancing Ledge Productions. == Synopsis == On 4 March 2018, emergency services receive a call to attend to Sergei and Yulia Skripal who have been found unconscious on a park bench in Salisbury city centre. Medical practitioners are initially puzzled by their illness, and police and the local public health department become involved. A national emergency is precipitated when it is learned that Skripal is a former Russian military intelligence officer who acted as a double agent for the UK's intelligence services during the 1990s and early 2000s. It emerges that he and his daughter were poisoned with a highly potent Novichok agent which was smeared on the front-door handle of their residence. The docudrama also deals with the incidental exposure of several other persons, including a police officer and an uninvolved couple who found


id: seven-wonders-of-the-industrial-world-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Industrial_World-0.md
category: reference
title: Seven Wonders of the Industrial World
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Industrial_World
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:57.195169+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: seven-wonders-of-the-industrial-world-20260505-0
summary:
Seven Wonders of the Industrial World is a 7-part British docudrama television miniseries that originally aired from 4 September 2003 (2003-09-04) to 16 October 2003 (2003-10-16) on BBC and was later released on DVD. The programme examines seven engineering feats that occurred since the Industrial Revolution. The same feats are covered in a companion book of the same name by producer Deborah Cadbury. == Production == The programmes were dramatised versions of actual events: actors played the various figures involved, reciting monologues and dialogue based on their letters and writings. It cost approximately £1 million to create the 7-part documentary. A book of the same name was released by producer Deborah Cadbury, exploring the same feats. == Awards == 2004 British Academy Television Awards Nominated: Huw Wheldon Award for Factual Series or Strand 2004 British Academy Television Craft Awards Nominated: Best Photography (Factual): Mike Spragg RTS Television Awards 2004 Nominated: Best Production Design (Entertainment & Non Drama) Nominated: Best Science & Natural History == The list == == Episodes == === The Great Ship === This episode focuses on the construction of the SS Great Eastern, designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel to be both the first ship entirely made out


id: smallpox-2002-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox_2002-0.md
category: reference
title: Smallpox 2002
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox_2002
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:58.459297+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: smallpox-2002-20260505-0
summary:
Smallpox 2002: Silent Weapon is a fictional docudrama produced by Wall to Wall, showing how a single act of bioterrorism leads to terrifying consequences globally. == Background == The premise of it was one man who, in 2002, creates the smallpox virus himself, infects himself, and touches ten people in New York City. This eventually leads to a pandemic across the world that is later defeated, but not before 60 million people are killed. The film was commissioned before the September 11 attacks and is presented in the form of a fictional documentary, including false interviews and stock footage. The tagline for the movie was, "Drama, until it happens". == Reception == Newspaper reviews of the documentary were mixed, varying from "a sick stunt" to "extraordinarily good". The docudrama proved very popular with viewers, attracting 3.4m viewers, 15% of the audience, to a 9:00pm slot on BBC2 according to overnight returns. == Notes == The film was renamed Smallpox when it aired on FX on 2 January 2005. == References == == External links == Smallpox 2002: Silent Weapon at IMDb


id: space-race-tv-series-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Race_(TV_series)-0.md
category: reference
title: Space Race (TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Race_(TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:59.711316+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: space-race-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
Space Race is a BBC docudrama series first shown in Britain on BBC2 between 14 September and 5 October 2005, chronicling the major events and characters in the American/Soviet space race up to the first landing of a man on the Moon. It focuses on Sergei Korolev, the Soviet chief rocket designer, and Wernher von Braun, his American counterpart. The series was a joint effort between British, German, American and Russian production teams. == Reception == === Awards === Royal Television Society 2006 Nominated: RTS Television Award for Best Production Design (Drama): Alan Spalding Sir Arthur Clarke Award 2006 Won: Sir Arthur Clarke Award for Best Presentation (TV & Radio) == Episodes == === Episode 1: "Race For Rockets" (1944–1949) === The results of Wernher von Braun's work on the V-2 for the Nazis at Mittelwerk and Peenemünde is shown, and his final activities within Germany during the last years of the Second World War, as both American and Soviet forces race to capture German rocket technology. However, when the Americans gain the upper hand by recovering von Braun and most of his senior staff, along with all their technical documents and much other materiel. Sergei Korolev's is released from


id: space-race-tv-series-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Race_(TV_series)-1.md
category: reference
title: Space Race (TV series)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Race_(TV_series)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:38:59.711316+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: space-race-tv-series-20260505-0
summary:
== Inaccuracies and errors == Most of the historical and technological data presented in the series are heavily simplified, and sometimes contain outright untruths or errors. The series would best be described and interpreted as giving a general impression of the subject matter, rather than rigorous factual account. === Factual errors === An early scene shows Serov executing Polish resistance fighters who discovered a V-2. This did not happen. A team of British and Polish soldiers and scientists formed a mission to retrieve a fallen V-2 near the Blizna V-2 missile launch site in Poland. Footage showing early rocket club activity of von Braun actually shows Reinhold Tiling's rockets, a rival to the VfR club that von Braun belonged to. The VfR rockets were crude engines attached to sticks. Key figures are missing from the presented history. Andrei Tupolev, Vladimir Chelomei and Mikhail Yangel are also conspicuously absent, for example, even in the sequence depicting the disastrous explosion of Yangel's prototype R-16 ICBM. In the series, Glushko is generally identified with all rocket projects competing with Korolev within the USSR, even those for which he had only partial responsibility or was a subcontractor. The narrator said twice that the Mercury-Redstone


id: spanish-flu-the-forgotten-fallen-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Flu:_The_Forgotten_Fallen-0.md
category: reference
title: Spanish Flu: The Forgotten Fallen
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Flu:_The_Forgotten_Fallen
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:01.093899+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: spanish-flu-the-forgotten-fallen-20260505-0
summary:
Spanish Flu: The Forgotten Fallen is a 2009 television drama. It is a dramatization of Dr James Niven's attempts to deal with the Spanish flu, a 1918-1920 flu pandemic, in Manchester. It was written by Peter Harness and it starred Bill Paterson as Niven, along with Mark Gatiss, Kenneth Cranham and Charlotte Riley. It was first broadcast on BBC Four on 5 August 2009. == Plot == As millions of soldiers return home from the First World War, a new disease begins to sweep through Britain. Focusing on an outbreak in Manchester, its Medical Officer of Health James Niven struggles to combat the pandemic as the public, for various reasons, fail to take action. == Cast == Bill Paterson as Dr James Niven Mark Gatiss as Ernest Dunks Charlotte Riley as Peggy Lytton Kenneth Cranham as MJ O'Loughlin == Reception == The series was broadcast around the time of the 2009 swine flu pandemic, which several reviews noted the timeliness of. Tim Teeman of The Times called it 'brilliantly acted and written'. == References == == External links == Spanish Flu: The Forgotten Fallen at BBC Online Spanish Flu: The Forgotten Fallen at IMDb


id: supervolcano-film-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervolcano_(film)-0.md
category: reference
title: Supervolcano (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervolcano_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:02.368027+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: supervolcano-film-20260505-0
summary:
Supervolcano is a 2005 disaster drama television film directed by Tony Mitchell and written by Edward Canfor-Dumas. It is based on the speculated and potential eruption of the volcanic Yellowstone Caldera, located in Yellowstone National Park. The film stars an ensemble cast consisting of Michael Riley, Gary Lewis, Shaun Johnston, Adrian Holmes, Jennifer Copping, Rebecca Jenkins, Tom McBeath, Robert Wisden, Susan Duerden, Jane McLean, Sam Charles, and Kevin McNulty. Supervolcano premiered on BBC One in the United Kingdom on 13 March 2005, before airing on Discovery Channel in Canada and the United States on 10 April 2005. The film was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and a BAFTA Award for its visual effects. == Plot == Richard Lieberman, the scientist in charge at Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, gives a press conference with his colleagues Jock Galvin, Dave, Matt and Nancy, and their boss, Michael Eldridge, to present their new virtual imagery simulator VIRGIL, which Eldridge claims will greatly aid in their research. Reporter Maggie Chin asks about the possibility of an eruption, which Rick dismisses as a remote possibility. After an earthquake triggers a tsunami on one of the park's lakes, Maggie interviews Kenneth "Ken" Wylie on TV about his


id: surviving-disaster-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surviving_Disaster-0.md
category: reference
title: Surviving Disaster
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surviving_Disaster
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:04.122504+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: surviving-disaster-20260505-0
summary:
Surviving Disaster is a 2006 BBC, Discovery Channel, and ProSieben co-production documentary-drama series about disasters in the 20th century, starring people who survived them. It was produced in association with France 5. It is narrated by Bernard Hill. == Episodes == "Munich Air Crash" – 1958 Munich air disaster "Eruption at Mount St. Helens" – 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens "Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster" – 1986 Chernobyl disaster "San Francisco Earthquake" – 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake "Fastnet Yacht Race" – 1979 Fastnet race "Iran Hostage Rescue" – 1979–1981 Iran hostage crisis "The Sinking of the Estonia" – 1994 sinking of the Estonia == References == == External links == Surviving Disaster at IMDb


id: the-tesla-files-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tesla_Files-0.md
category: reference
title: The Tesla Files
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tesla_Files
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:05.255589+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-tesla-files-20260505-0
summary:
The Tesla Files is a dramatized documentary series, broadcast in 2018 on the History Channel, based on mysteries surrounding the legacy of inventor Nikola Tesla. == Overview == A team investigates mysteries involving the work of Nikola Tesla. Shortly before his death in 1943, Tesla claimed to have had 80 trunks containing details of his work, but much fewer were ever found: in the first episode, the team investigates whether there was a cover-up to suppress his work. The team also performs experiments in an attempt to validate some of Tesla's claims. == Episodes == The show lasted one season consisting of five episodes on The History Channel. === Season 1 === == References == == External links == Official website The Tesla Files at IMDb Tesla Files on TVGuide


id: that-built-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That_Built-0.md
category: reference
title: That Built
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That_Built
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:06.446531+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: that-built-20260505-0
summary:
That Built is an American television franchise a docudrama broadcast on The History Channel that covers various historic subjects and the notable people involved roughly spanning the Industrial Revolution of the 1860s to the present. The series started with the miniseries The Men Who Built America in 2012. To date, the longest running of these series is The Food That Built America, which premiered on August 11, 2019. The sixth season premiered on February 23, 2025. == List == The Men Who Built America (2012) The Cars That Made America (2017) The Men Who Built America: Frontiersmen (2018) The Food That Built America (2019–) The Cars That Built the World (2021) The Titans That Built America (2021) The Machines That Built America (2021) The Engineering That Built the World (2021) The Toys That Built America (2021–2023) The Booze, Bets and Sex That Built America(2022) The Mega-Brands That Built America(2023) How Disney Built America (2024) The Icons That Built America (2024) == References ==


id: the-titans-that-built-america-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Titans_That_Built_America-0.md
category: reference
title: The Titans That Built America
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Titans_That_Built_America
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:07.699725+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-titans-that-built-america-20260505-0
summary:
The Titans That Built America is a six-hour, three-part miniseries docudrama which was originally broadcast on the History Channel on May 31, 2021. The series focuses on the lives of Pierre S. du Pont, Walter Chrysler, JP Morgan Jr., William Boeing, Henry Kaiser, Charles Lindbergh, William S. Knudsen, John Raskob, Edsel Ford, and Henry Ford. It serves as a sequel to The Men Who Built America. The series won the 2022 Realscreen award for Best History & Biography Program. It is the sixth installment of the That Built franchise. == Cast == Gerald Kyd as Pierre S. du Pont Grant Masters as Henry Ford Cillian O'Gairbhi as Walter Chrysler Peter O'Meara as J. P. Morgan Jr. David Crowley as Edsel Ford Ian Toner as William Boeing Peter Gaynor as Henry J. Kaiser Charlie Maher as Charles Lindbergh Aidan O'Hare as William S. Knudsen Jonathan Delaney Tynan as John J. Raskob Graham Wilkinson as Franklin D. Roosevelt Vincent Tsang as Wong Tsu == Episodes == Note: The series consists of three two-hour episodes. == References == == External links == The Titans That Built America at IMDb Official website


id: the-toys-that-built-america-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Toys_That_Built_America-0.md
category: reference
title: The Toys That Built America
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Toys_That_Built_America
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:09.004780+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-toys-that-built-america-20260505-0
summary:
The Toys That Built America is an American nonfiction docudrama series that premiered on the History Channel on November 28, 2021. Each episode outlines the development of a popular toy, invention, or company in the United States, typically focusing on their rise and any rivals or struggles. Historical events in the relevant timelines are re-enacted for dramatic effect and interspersed with commentary by toy historians, business experts, and toy enthusiasts. It is the ninth installment of the That Built franchise. == Episodes == === Series overview === === Season 1 (2021) === === Season 2 (2022) === === Season 3 (2023) === == References == == External links == Official website The Toys That Built America at IMDb


id: valley-of-the-boom-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_of_the_Boom-0.md
category: reference
title: Valley of the Boom
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_of_the_Boom
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:10.295812+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: valley-of-the-boom-20260505-0
summary:
Valley of the Boom (stylized as Valley_of_the_BOOM) is an American docudrama television miniseries created by Matthew Carnahan that premiered on January 13, 2019, on National Geographic. The series centers on the 1990s tech boom and bust in Silicon Valley and it stars Bradley Whitford, Steve Zahn, Lamorne Morris, John Karna, Dakota Shapiro, Oliver Cooper, and John Murphy. == Premise == Valley of the Boom takes a close look at "the culture of speculation, innovation and debauchery that led to the rapid inflation and burst of the 1990s tech bubble. As with its hybrid series Mars, Nat Geo [uses] select doc elements to support the scripted drama to tell the true inside story of the dramatic early days of Silicon Valley." The series features interviews with many of the people depicted in the dramatized portions of the production in addition to other Internet personalities such as Mark Cuban and Arianna Huffington. Notably absent from these interviews are Netscape co-founder and former vice president of technology Marc Andreessen, who declined to be interviewed, and Jamie Zawinski. Although the program is primarily focused on the quick rise and fall of three influential technology companies, namely Netscape, theGlobe.com, and Pixelon, the program also highlights


id: wormwood-miniseries-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormwood_(miniseries)-0.md
category: reference
title: Wormwood (miniseries)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormwood_(miniseries)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:11.608781+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wormwood-miniseries-20260505-0
summary:
Wormwood (styled as 'WORMWO0D') is a 2017 American six-part docudrama miniseries directed by Errol Morris and released on Netflix on December 15, 2017. The series is based on the life of a scientist, Frank Olson, who worked for a secret government biological warfare program (the USBWL) at Fort Detrick, Maryland. It focuses on the events leading up to and following his controversial death, which the US government originally claimed was a tragic accident, but later admitted was likely a suicide, caused by a mental breakdown brought on after being unknowingly dosed with LSD, while at a meeting with colleagues from the CIA who were involved in Project MKUltra. It also follows Frank Olson's son in the present day, and discusses his belief that his father may have been murdered due to being perceived as a potential security risk. Interspersed between interviews and archival footage, are live action reenactments of the final days of Frank Olson's life and the various theories involving his death. == Synopsis == Wormwood is told through Eric Olson, the son of Frank Olson, an American biological warfare scientist and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employee, who died under mysterious circumstances in 1953. Nine days after Olson was


id: geographers-on-film-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographers_on_Film-0.md
category: reference
title: Geographers on Film
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographers_on_Film
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:13.414058+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: geographers-on-film-20260505-0
summary:
Geographers on Film is an archival collection and series of more than 550 filmed interviews with experts of the geographic scholar community. This is a 40 year long initiative. == Production == The series was created as an historical and educational resource by geographer and professor emeritus Maynard Weston Dow (1929 - 2011) of Plymouth State University, and his wife, Nancy Freeman Dow. The series was supported in part by the American Association of Geographers, the National Science Foundation, Plymouth State University, and the Marion and Jasper Whiting Foundation, of Boston. It has been ongoing or 40 years. == Synopsis == The series "highlights leading voices that transformed the discipline of cartography and geography in the 20th century in America." A prếcis of the collection's point was penned by Maynard Weston Dow:"August 1970 marked the origin of Geographers on Film (GOF). Participants speak for the record (varying from ten to eighty-nine minutes) that samples of the geographical experience are maintained on video; the ultimate concomitant goal is full transcription. The project resulted from teaching thought and methodology courses; students therein would pore over the writings of cognoscenti to acquire an appreciation for the genesis and development of geography as a


id: alterscape-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alterscape-0.md
category: reference
title: Alterscape
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alterscape
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:16.263669+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: alterscape-20260505-0
summary:
Alterscape is a 2018 science fiction horror film written and directed by the American actor and filmmaker Serge Levin. The film stars Michael Ironside, Charles Baker and Alex Veadov, produced by Jon Keeyes and Matthew Panepinto. Alterscape had its world premiere at the Philip K. Dick Science Fiction Film Festival on February 23, 2018, in New York, where the film won the Philip K. Dick Best Feature award. Alterscape was produced by Isle Empire Pictures, a subsidiary of Isle Empire Holding. == Synopsis == After a suicide attempt, Sam Miller (Charles Baker), coping with loss and depression, submits to a series of trials that fine-tune human emotions, but his unique reaction to the tests send him on a journey that transcends both physical and perceived reality. Under the supervision of Doctor Julian Loro (Michael Ironside), Sam undergoes a series of experiments to scan and alter human emotions. == Cast == Michael Ironside as Doctor Julian Loro Charles Baker as Sam Miller Alex Veadov as Doctor Kaine Egres Serge Levin as Ray Miller Todd Lewis as Edward Irving Debbie Rochon as Nurse Jane Toppan Alex Lane as Cruz Mack Kuhr as Devino Olan Montgomery as The Controller & Trucker Antonio D.


id: consumed-2015-film-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumed_(2015_film)-0.md
category: reference
title: Consumed (2015 film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumed_(2015_film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:17.429324+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: consumed-2015-film-20260505-0
summary:
Consumed (also known as Food Movie) is a 2015 American political thriller film by Daryl Wein and starring Zoe Lister-Jones, Beth Grant, Anthony Edwards, Victor Garber, Kunal Nayyar, Danny Glover and Taylor Kinney. == Plot == In the summer of 2014, Sophie Kessler, a waitress and single mother, who lives with her diabetic mother Kristin and her son Garret in Iowa, discovers that her son is vomiting in his sleep. Fearing that he had developed a new kind of flu, she rushes him to the doctor who reassures her. Garret then develops a rash that neither a pediatrician, dermatologist, or psychologist can diagnose. Sophie theorizes that Garret might have a disease linked to genetically modified organisms. Sophie then goes to a science lab at the university where her mother works as a secretary and meets scientist, Serge Negani. She then meets Peter Landell, who overhears Sophie talking to Serge about her worries for her son, claiming to be a university scientist, claims about files containing the answers to her questions. Sophie leaves Garret with Eddie, a man she met at Garret's school and sneaks into the university with Peter to find the files, using her mother's keys. After discovering that


id: frankenweenie-2012-film-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankenweenie_(2012_film)-0.md
category: reference
title: Frankenweenie (2012 film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankenweenie_(2012_film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:18.918163+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: frankenweenie-2012-film-20260505-0
summary:
Frankenweenie (also known as Tim Burton's Frankenweenie) is a 2012 American stop-motion animated Gothic comedy film directed by Tim Burton, written by John August, and featuring the voices of Catherine O'Hara, Martin Short, Martin Landau, Charlie Tahan, Atticus Shaffer, and Winona Ryder. A co-production between Walt Disney Pictures and Tim Burton Productions, it is a feature-length remake of the 1984 short film. The film follows a boy named Victor Frankenstein who uses the power of electricity to resurrect his dead dog Sparky, but his peers discover what he has done and reanimate their own deceased pets and other creatures, resulting in mayhem. Frankenweenie initially began development in November 2005, with a script written by Josann McGibbon and Sara Parriott. In December 2007, Burton was asked to direct two 3D films for Disney, including a 2010 live-action adaptation of Alice in Wonderland. Filming began at 3 Mills Studios in July 2010. The tongue-in-cheek film contains numerous references to and parodies of Frankenstein and past film versions of it, other literary classics, various horror and science-fiction films, and other films which Burton has directed or produced. Frankenweenie premiered at Fantastic Fest on September 20, 2012, and was released in the United States


id: frankenweenie-2012-film-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankenweenie_(2012_film)-1.md
category: reference
title: Frankenweenie (2012 film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankenweenie_(2012_film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:18.918163+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: frankenweenie-2012-film-20260505-0
summary:
Charlie Tahan as Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who brings his dog, Sparky, back to life. Catherine O'Hara as: Susan Frankenstein, Victor's mother. Weird Girl, Victor's unnamed eccentric classmate who is obsessed with the psychic predictions of her cat Mr. Whiskers. The Gym Teacher who replaces Mr. Rzykruski as science teacher when he gets fired and has no knowledge of science. Martin Short as: Edward Frankenstein, Victor's father. Mr. Burgermeister, the grumpy Mayor of New Holland who is the Frankenstein family's next-door neighbor and Elsa's uncle. Burgermeister is an homage to the villainous Burgermeister Meisterburger from the 1970 Rankin/Bass television special Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town. Nassor, Victor's classmate who was the owner of Colossus the hamster. Nassor has a flat head inspired by Frankenstein's monster and his voice and face resemble that of Boris Karloff, who played Frankenstein in the 1931 Frankenstein film. Martin Landau as Mr. Rzykruski, the eccentric, but wise, science teacher at Victor's school who has a thick Eastern European accent. His teachings inspire Victor's effort to resurrect Sparky and he acts as a mentor to Victor. Rzykruski was inspired by Burton's childhood icon Vincent Price. Atticus Shaffer as Edgar "E" Gore, Victor's hunch-backed classmate


id: frankenweenie-2012-film-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankenweenie_(2012_film)-2.md
category: reference
title: Frankenweenie (2012 film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankenweenie_(2012_film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:18.918163+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: frankenweenie-2012-film-20260505-0
summary:
=== Home media === The film was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on DVD, Blu-ray, and Blu-ray 3D on January 15, 2013. The Blu-ray releases included the original live-action Frankenweenie short and a new two-minute animated short, titled Captain Sparky vs the Flying Saucers, as bonus features. == Reception == === Box office === Frankenweenie grossed $35,291,068 in North America and $46,200,000 in other countries for a worldwide total of $81,491,068. In North America, it earned $11,412,213 its opening weekend, finishing fifth at the box office (behind Taken 2, Hotel Transylvania, Pitch Perfect, and Looper). Its second weekend, the film dropped to seventh place, grossing an additional $7,054,334. Its third weekend, it dropped to ninth place, grossing $4,329,358, and its fourth weekend, it dropped to twelfth place, grossing $2,456,350. === Critical response === The film received generally positive reviews from critics. Based on 222 reviews, it holds an approval rating of 87% on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of 7.5/10; the website's critical consensus reads: "Frankenweenie is an energetic stop-motion horror movie spoof with lovingly crafted visuals and a heartfelt, oddball story." On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews


id: frankenweenie-2012-film-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankenweenie_(2012_film)-3.md
category: reference
title: Frankenweenie (2012 film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankenweenie_(2012_film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:18.918163+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: frankenweenie-2012-film-20260505-0
summary:
=== Awards and nominations === == See also == List of films featuring Frankenstein's monster List of black-and-white films produced since 1966 == References == == External links == Official website Frankenweenie at IMDb Frankenweenie at the TCM Movie Database (archived) Frankenweenie at Box Office Mojo Frankenweenie at Rotten Tomatoes Frankenweenie at Metacritic


id: horror-high-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horror_High-0.md
category: reference
title: Horror High
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horror_High
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:20.143999+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: horror-high-20260505-0
summary:
Horror High (also known as Twisted Brain and Kiss the Teacher...Goodbye!) is a 1973 American horror movie directed by Larry N. Stouffer, written by J.D. Feigelson, and featuring Pat Cardi, Austin Stoker, Rosie Holotik, John Niland, Joye Hash, Jeff Alexander and Mike McHenry. The plot concerns a shy, yet exceptionally smart biology student who uses a new physically body-altering drug he has invented to wreak havoc on those at his school who have wronged him. == Plot == Vernon Potts is a shy yet clever high school student who frequently experiences bullying and other cruel behaviour at the hands of the bullies and teachers at his school. Despite this, he develops a friendship with his classmate Robin Jones, much to the disapproval of her boyfriend, a high school football player named Roger Davis. Late one night after school, Vernon sneaks into the science classroom to feed the class guinea pig Mr. Mumps, whom he has also used as a test subject for a new drug he has created as part of his biology project. However, he discovers that the drug has turned Mr. Mumps into a small, snarling beast, which has killed a cat owned by the school's creepy janitor,


id: horror-high-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horror_High-1.md
category: reference
title: Horror High
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horror_High
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:20.143999+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: horror-high-20260505-0
summary:
== Cast == Pat Cardi as Vernon Potts Austin Stoker as Lieutenant Bozeman Rosie Holotik as Robin Jones John Niland as Coach McCall Joye Hash as Mrs. Grindstaff Jeff Alexander as Mr. Griggs Mike McHenry as Roger Davis Nick Felix as Mr. Henshaw Michelle Falerne as Girl Student The police officers seen during the movie's climax are also played by members of the Dallas Cowboys football team, including Billy Truax, D.D. Lewis, Craig Morton and Calvin Hill, all of whom were brought in by Niland. == Production == Screenwriter J.D. Feigelson says he got the idea for the movie after wondering what it would be like if the Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde were set in a high school. The movie was filmed during the course of two weeks in Irving, Texas. == Release == The movie was first released on 20 September 1973 in Irving, Texas, and was later given a wider release in the United States in March 1974. The movie was originally rated X by the Motion Picture Association, and so, after it was sold to Crown International Pictures, the movie's kill sequences were reduced to get a rating of PG. Crown International's then-president


id: masking-threshold-film-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masking_Threshold_(film)-0.md
category: reference
title: Masking Threshold (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masking_Threshold_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:21.549971+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: masking-threshold-film-20260505-0
summary:
Masking Threshold is a 2021 English-language Austrian horror film directed by Johannes Grenzfurthner, and produced by art group monochrom. Sound plays an essential role in the film. Grenzfurthner says that Masking Threshold forms a trilogy with Razzennest and Solvent. == Premise == An IT worker tries to cure his harrowing hearing impairment by conducting a series of experiments in his makeshift home lab. == Style == The film combines the style of a chamber play, a scientific procedural and the aesthetic of unboxing or DIY YouTube videos, with body horror elements and techniques known from experimental film. Grenzfurthner sees the film in the tradition of extreme cinema, but presents elements of psychological horror. In an interview with Thomas Kaestle, Grenzfurthner talks about his motivation. Masking Threshold is a film about a suffering but stubborn and willful person whose perspective of the world and whose beliefs are turned upside down, whose dogmas are turned against the world and against himself. My protagonist is queer, so you want to understand the societal pressures on him, you want to understand the trauma he's been through and the burden of his terrible illness. But there comes a point when sympathy for him turns to


id: the-most-unknown-film-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Most_Unknown_(film)-0.md
category: reference
title: The Most Unknown (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Most_Unknown_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:22.745519+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-most-unknown-film-20260505-0
summary:
The Most Unknown is a 2018 documentary film, directed by Ian Cheney, that introduces nine researchers from diverse scientific backgrounds to areas of scientific field work new to them. The film has had mixed reviews, with some reviewers focussed on the participants' contagious fascination with research on life's biggest mysteries ("the most unknown"), while other reviewers criticised the film's coverage of difficult technical concepts as lacking depth. == Description == The film presents interviews with nine scientists, each conducted by a scientist in another discipline—"a geobiologist, molecular biologist, various physicists studying space and time, cognitive psychologists, and a neuroscientist—who take turns visiting one another to get a cursory taste of the other's field", according to The Village Voice. Film Journal International said, "In each of the nine segments, one scientist travels to meet another scientist of a different discipline to learn about the research they're doing. Then the scientist whose research has just been discussed heads off to a new location (usually remote, always beautifully lensed) where somebody from a separate school of study tells them about what they're up to. And so on." Reviewers described the interviews variously as "a La Ronde of intellectuals", "nine scientists... who visit one


id: the-most-unknown-film-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Most_Unknown_(film)-1.md
category: reference
title: The Most Unknown (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Most_Unknown_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:22.745519+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-most-unknown-film-20260505-0
summary:
In this documentary, nine scientists working on some of the hardest problems across all fields (the "most unknowns") meet each other... It not only touches on the basics of what the unknowns they're investigating are, but also how they go about investigating or discovering these things — the day-to-day realities of actually "doing" Science. Alongside that, it reveals the scientific mindset; what motivates them. The nine individuals are very different people working on very different problems in very different fields, but the film draws out the similarities in their natures that drive them to explore the unknown... Plus, as a film, it's beautifully shot. A lot of this science is taking place in extreme locations, which bring with them a beauty and wonder of their own. Movie Nation's reviewer Roger Moore writes, "The Most Unknown mashes up scientists from widely divergent fields for intellectual, scientific, social and even comic effect... They talk of how no one genius making a breakthrough alters human knowledge, but of scientific scholarship, building on tradition, earlier proofs, a wall of What We Know built one brick at a time." Moore also says the film "...humanizes a class of people being demonized in America's virulent outbreak


id: my-love-affair-with-marriage-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Love_Affair_with_Marriage-0.md
category: reference
title: My Love Affair with Marriage
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Love_Affair_with_Marriage
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:24.041972+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: my-love-affair-with-marriage-20260505-0
summary:
My Love Affair with Marriage is a 2022 semi-autobiographical adult animated musical comedy-drama film animated, written and directed by Signe Baumane, her second feature following Rocks in My Pockets (2014). The story follows a young woman, Zelma, on her 23-year quest for perfect love and lasting marriage, set against a backdrop of historic events in Eastern Europe. Pressured by Mythology Sirens to be the ideal woman and is unable to free herself from the biology of her own brain, Zelma finds love and loses it multiple times before discovering who she really is. Told from a female point of view, this is a coming-of-age story of love, gender, marriage, abuse, hopes, fantasies, and ultimately, finding a better place for women in society. An international co-production of companies in Latvia, the United States and Luxembourg, the film took seven years to complete. Kristian Sensini of Italy composed 24 songs and wrote the score. Yajun Shi of China animated the Biology sections. Dagmara Dominczyk voices Zelma, with executive producer Matthew Modine as being one of Zelma's husbands. My Love Affair with Marriage had its world premiere at Tribeca Festival on June 11, 2022 and went on to screen at many other international


id: my-love-affair-with-marriage-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Love_Affair_with_Marriage-1.md
category: reference
title: My Love Affair with Marriage
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Love_Affair_with_Marriage
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:24.041972+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: my-love-affair-with-marriage-20260505-0
summary:
=== Casting and recording === Baumane and casting director Sturgis Warner looked to cast actors with extensive theater credits and excellent language skills. They signed a Theatrical Contract with SAG-AFTRA and began making offers. Dagmara Dominczyk played Zelma from ages 7 to 29 and narrated the film from an older age. Michele Pawk voiced the second narrator, Biology. The Latvian singing group Trio Limonāde recorded the Mythology Sirens both in English and Latvian (for the Latvian language version). Matthew Modine came on board to voice Bo, Zelma's second husband, and with him brought three actors from Shameless: Cameron Monaghan to voice Sergei, Zelma's first husband, Emma Kenney and Ruby Modine. in 2017, Baumane and Warner recorded 29 actors and singers in New York City, Los Angeles and Riga, Latvia. Arjun G. Sheth, the New York Recording engineer, edited the recordings into a working vocal track. In 2021, Storm Large recorded Lion / My Love Affair with Marriage, the end-credit song with music by Sensini and lyrics by Baumane. === Production === In Brooklyn, the production process began with the construction of background sets, approximately 65 of them for the 145 scenes in the film. Warner built each set out of


id: my-love-affair-with-marriage-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Love_Affair_with_Marriage-2.md
category: reference
title: My Love Affair with Marriage
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Love_Affair_with_Marriage
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:24.041972+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: my-love-affair-with-marriage-20260505-0
summary:
== Release == New Europe Film Sales is the international sales agent for the film. My Love Affair with Marriage had three premieres over a five-day period: the World Premiere at Tribeca Festival in New York City on June 11, 2022, the European Premiere at Annecy International Animation Film Festival in France June 15, 2022, and the Latin American Premiere at Guadalajara International Film Festival in Mexico June 15, 2022. It has gone on to screen at over 90 other international film festivals winning multiple awards along the way. Tamasa Distribution released My Love Affair with Marriage in France June 7, 2023. Filmin released My Love Affair With Marriage in Spain in 2023. In 2023 HBO Central Europe will release My Love Affair With Marriage in 13 Central European countries: Albania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Moldova, Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia, Kosovo, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, North Macedonia and Bulgaria. Mans laulību projekts (My Marriage Project), a Latvian language version of My Love Affair with Marriage voiced by 14 Latvian actors, premiered at Riga International Film Festival October 13, 2022 and screened in Latvian cinemas throughout the rest of 2022. My Love Affair With Marriage will have its North American theatrical release


id: the-secret-history-of-the-moon-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Secret_History_of_the_Moon-0.md
category: reference
title: The Secret History of the Moon
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Secret_History_of_the_Moon
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:25.295623+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-secret-history-of-the-moon-20260505-0
summary:
The Secret History of the Moon is a 2020 short speculative animated documentary film created by astronomy-themed musician and filmmaker John D. Boswell. It explores the proposed explanations on how the Moon was formed, using rocks collected by Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission. The film was released on Boswell's YouTube channel Melodysheep on April 30. == Summary == After the Apollo 11 mission ended, geochemists discovered that the chemical signatures, specifically the elemental isotopes, of the Earth and the Moon are identical; as well as that volatile elements have been somehow vaporized away. This leads to several proposed explanations on how the Moon might have formed and how it might have become the one as of present date: Giant Impact Hypothesis: The Moon formed from the ejecta of a collision between the proto-Earth and a Mars-sized proto-planet, named Theia, approximately 4.5 billion years ago, in the Hadean eon (about 20 to 100 million years after the Solar System coalesced). However, planetary scientist Dr. Sarah T. Stewart later says that the Earth and the Moon are made from the same materials, while the collision would have had the Moon formed almost from Theia's debris. Hence,


id: timelapse-of-the-entire-universe-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timelapse_of_the_Entire_Universe-0.md
category: reference
title: Timelapse of the Entire Universe
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timelapse_of_the_Entire_Universe
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:26.885643+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: timelapse-of-the-entire-universe-20260505-0
summary:
Timelapse of the Entire Universe is a 2018 short epic animated pseudo-documentary web film created by American astronomy-themed musician and filmmaker John D. Boswell. Inspired by the Cosmic Calendar, the 10-minute film is a hyperlapse of the universe from its start to current humanity, with every second representing 22 million years, with the entire humanity represented in a short time, using current knowledge. The film was originally released on Boswell's YouTube channel Melodysheep on March 7, but it was eventually taken down due to a copyright infringement regarding Morgan Freeman's voice. A revised version was uploaded 3 days later, on March 10, 2018. A year and 10 days later, a follow-up, Timelapse of the Future, was released. == Plot == The Big Bang occurs, and the first stars are formed after the mixture of elements. Gravity then expands the universe to seemingly infinite proportions, and galaxies begin to form. Some galaxies form so close together that they are attracted to each other by gravity and collide, fusing together. However, despite its wondrous creation, gravity also creates mayhem in the form of a supermassive or stellar mass black hole, a region where not even light can escape its attraction, making its


id: timelapse-of-the-future-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timelapse_of_the_Future-0.md
category: reference
title: Timelapse of the Future
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timelapse_of_the_Future
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:28.204668+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: timelapse-of-the-future-20260505-0
summary:
Timelapse of the Future: A Journey to the End of Time is a 2019 short epic documentary film created by American astronomy-themed musician and filmmaker John D. Boswell, made as a follow-up to his other short film Timelapse of the Entire Universe. Running at 29 minutes, it is a flowmotion—a combination of a hyper-lapse, time-lapse, and regular shots—of the universe from 2019 to the end of time, with the lapse rate doubling every five seconds. The film consists of self-made and fair use footage from films, the Internet, and speeches by scientists, using current knowledge and combining different hypotheses. Boswell spent six months on production, beginning in mid-2018, with several months of research prior. It was initially conceived as an art installation without dialogue, but later changed due to the weight of the subject matter. The film's soundtrack combines original music with stock audio; the former was later released in an album titled The Arrow of Time. Timelapse of the Future was released on Boswell's YouTube channel melodysheep and screened on several venues; it also won the 2020 Webby Awards. The film became viral, garnering millions of views and received positive reviews for its audiovisual craft, though some of the


id: timelapse-of-the-future-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timelapse_of_the_Future-1.md
category: reference
title: Timelapse of the Future
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timelapse_of_the_Future
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:28.204668+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: timelapse-of-the-future-20260505-0
summary:
What happens after that? What happens not in 5 billion years, but 5 trillion? The answers are out there, but they are piecemeal and not strung together in a compelling way. So I took the opportunity to create something unique that highlights our collective predictions about the future, both short-term and long-term. Writing the concept first involved research and then constructing the timeline, which is "the scaffolding around which the visuals and music would be built." After writing, he then broke down the timeline to several, appropriate sequences. Via the Long Now Foundation, he further explained: My original plan was to make something more like an art installation piece where there wouldn't be so much talking and facts; it would basically just be the timeline and some chill music and meditative imagery of black holes that would just span for like 10 minutes at a time, and you'd get this abstract impression of how long the future is going to be, and how much emptiness there is. But the more I dug into it, the more I found there's so much to talk about, and so much to say, that it would be foolish to waste this opportunity. I had


id: timelapse-of-the-future-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timelapse_of_the_Future-2.md
category: reference
title: Timelapse of the Future
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timelapse_of_the_Future
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:28.204668+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: timelapse-of-the-future-20260505-0
summary:
== Release == The first known tweet regarding the film was a tweet on July 21, 2018, about Pangea Ultima, an event featured on the film. The first tweet explicitly mentioning the production of the film was posted on October 10, as well as another tweet indirectly mentioning the film's ending eight days later. The first teaser was posted on Boswell's Patreon and Vimeo on February 1, 2019, followed by an announcement on his Patreon, mentioning the film "my most ambitious release yet." A photo of a scene in the film was leaked on Boswell's Twitter on March 15, followed by a 70-second teaser the next day. The film was released on Boswell's YouTube channel Melodysheep on March 20, 17:15 UTC, with the premiere being a paid ad-free viewing available on his Patreon nine hours earlier. The film screened at event venue 393, New York City on May 2, using the multi-monitor format but the year counter invisible; his Patrons offered free tickets. Another screening in the Exploratorium, San Francisco, on July 25 at 9:30 pm PT took place, with the last screening in dubbing by Atomic Studio project with voice-over of Andrey Lysenko taking place in the historic Rodina


id: timelapse-of-the-future-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timelapse_of_the_Future-3.md
category: reference
title: Timelapse of the Future
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timelapse_of_the_Future
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:28.204668+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: timelapse-of-the-future-20260505-0
summary:
Singer and actress Noah Cyrus released the music video for the song The End of Everything in collaboration with Boswell on May 19, 2020, in which she states that it is inspired by Timelapse of the Future. The music video is a refreshed art installation-like version of Timelapse of the Future, similar to the draft version tweeted by Boswell in 2018, with some points omitted to fit the song's duration, and with some points shuffled to fit the lyrics. Some of the videos on the other songs on the EP of the same name also used imageries from Boswell. Via her Instagram account, she states: "I had the pleasure of working with him on this as well. I've never been more inspired to go and write a song based on a visual." In an interview with NPR, she said:Th[e film] hit my heart so heav[ily]. My mom is my best friend and I immediately started thinking about her when I watched this. My time with her and my family is so limited — and with everybody on this earth. The mountains that I look at outside of my window from my view, they're going to explode and obliterate and there's


id: white-chamber-film-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Chamber_(film)-0.md
category: reference
title: White Chamber (film)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Chamber_(film)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:29.469765+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: white-chamber-film-20260505-0
summary:
White Chamber is a 2018 British science-fiction horror film written and directed by Paul Raschid. It stars Shauna Macdonald and Oded Fehr. The film is about a woman, Dr. Elle Chrysler (Macdonald), who wakes up to find herself in a white chamber, where she is tortured for information that she claims to not have. White Chamber premiered on 5 April 2018 at the Brussels International Fantastic Film Festival, and later at the 2018 Edinburgh Film Festival. The film was released for streaming on 29 March 2019 by Netflix. The film received mixed reviews, and Macdonald's performance received praise. She won the Scottish BAFTA Award for Best Actress for her performance. == Premise == Dr. Elle Chrysler wakes up to find herself in a white chamber, where she is tortured for information that she claims to not have. == Cast == Shauna Macdonald as Dr. Elle Chrysler Oded Fehr as Daran / Narek Zakarian Amrita Acharia as Ruth Sharon Maughan as Sandra Nicholas Farrell as Dr. Edgar Chrysler Candis Nergaard as Anya == Reception == On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 43%, based on seven reviews. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 40


id: list-of-science-magazines-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_science_magazines-0.md
category: reference
title: List of science magazines
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_science_magazines
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:31.317356+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-science-magazines-20260505-0
summary:
A science magazine is a periodical publication with news, opinions, and reports about science, generally written for a non-expert audience. In contrast, a periodical publication, usually including primary research and/or reviews, that is written by scientific experts is called a "scientific journal". Science magazines are read by non-scientists and scientists who want accessible information on fields outside their specialization. Articles in science magazines are sometimes republished or summarized by the general press. == Examples of general science magazines == === Africa === === Asia === ==== Bangladesh ==== Byapon – Youth Science Magazine in Bengali Bigganchinta[1] BigganBarta (বিজ্ঞানবার্তা) – Free PDF Science Magazine in Bengali Bangachi (ব্যাঙাচি) – Free Science Magazine in Bengali published by Banger Chhater Biggan Biggan Ananda (বিজ্ঞান আনন্দ) - Published by Bangladesh Science Fiction Society (BSFS) Zero to Infinity (জিরো টু ইনফিনিটি) ==== India ==== Resonance, published by Indian Academy of Sciences Current Science Dream 2047, published by Vigyan Prasar Jnan o Bijnan, published by Bangiya Bijnan Parishad Sandarbh Science Reporter Safari ==== Japan ==== Newton press Nikkei Science ==== Kazakhstan ==== OYLA ==== Pakistan ==== Global Science ==== South Korea ==== Donga Science ==== Turkey ==== Bilim ve Teknik === Europe === EuroScientist ==== Austria


id: airone-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airone-0.md
category: reference
title: Airone
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airone
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:32.575247+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: airone-20260505-0
summary:
Airone (English: Heron) is an Italian science magazine devoted to science and technology issues. It is published in Milan, Italy, by Editoriale Giorgio Mondadori (former company, now a division of Cairo Editore, a subsidiary of Cairo Communication). == History and profile == Airone was founded in 1981 as an ecologist magazine primarily containing articles about animal world, nature, ethnology and geography. The founder and first director was Egidio Gavazzi. It was for years the most widely circulated scientific magazine in Italy, with a peak of average circulation of about 250,000 copies per month. Between 1985 and 1986 it co-produced with RAI the nature documentary series Pan. In 1989 it was launched a spin-off for the younger readers, Airone Junior, renamed Dodo in April 1995. Airone was described as a "magazine similar to National Geographic, but perhaps more conservation-minded", and it was referred to as "a stunning natural history magazine, the best of several European magazines". In an article about the first ten years of the magazine, the L'Unità journalist Antonio Del Giudice pointed how the magazine was "not just an editorial phenomenon, but also a cultural, political e social phenomenon". The circulation of Airone was 94,000 copies in 2007. In


id: asian-scientist-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Scientist-0.md
category: reference
title: Asian Scientist
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Scientist
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:33.871687+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: asian-scientist-20260505-0
summary:
Asian Scientist is an English language science and technology magazine published in Singapore. == History and profile == Asian Scientist was launched as a blog in March 2011 by Juliana Chan. The blog's popularity eventually led to a partnership with the publishing house World Scientific Publishing, enabling Chan to turn Asian Scientist into a magazine and serve as its editor-in-chief. Based in Singapore, Asian Scientist is maintained by a team of professional science and medical journalists, with active contributors from the science, technology and medical communities. The magazine's launch reflects the growing demographic of scientists, engineers and doctors from Asia, and caters to this community with news stories that are both timely and of interest to them. According to the 2010 U.S. National Science Foundation Key Science and Engineering Indicators report, one-quarter of the world's publications are from Asia and one-third of all scientific researchers worldwide are Asian, representing a shift of the world's scientific center of gravity to Asia. According to the Science and Engineering Indicators 2012 released by the U.S. National Science Board, the largest global science and technology gains in recent years occurred in the "Asia-10″ – China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan


id: chemistry-international-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry_International-0.md
category: reference
title: Chemistry International
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry_International
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:35.132237+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: chemistry-international-20260505-0
summary:
Chemistry International is a news magazine published by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). According to its website, it was originally published in editions covering two months at a time. In 2017 the magazine began to be published quarterly, and as of 2022, the print edition was discontinued in favor of freely accessible online editions. == References ==


id: ci-ncia-e-cultura-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciência_e_Cultura-0.md
category: reference
title: Ciência e Cultura
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciência_e_Cultura
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:36.362944+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ci-ncia-e-cultura-20260505-0
summary:
Ciência e Cultura is a science magazine published by the Brazilian Society for the Advancement of Science (Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência, SBPC). The magazine is published three times a year. == History == The magazine was established in 1949 by several scientists, including José Reis, the dean of popularization of science in Brazil. He was its editor-in-chief for more than 30 years. Initially the magazine was conceived to be SBPC's flagship publication of original scientific articles, following the model of Science, published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The journal remained faithful to this concept until the 1990s, when it became clear that Brazilian scientists of high rank were not generally favouring the journal as a significant publication vehicle for their original research. Its editorial philosophy was then changed to a magazine of general debate on issues of science and technology. A brief attempt at publishing in English only was foiled and the magazine reverted to Portuguese as its publication language. == Structure and aims == The journal's stated aims are "To act in the diffusion and scientific spreading and also the scene of the great cultural questions of our time, identifying trends and


id: cosmos-australian-magazine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmos_(Australian_magazine)-0.md
category: reference
title: Cosmos (Australian magazine)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmos_(Australian_magazine)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:37.554707+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cosmos-australian-magazine-20260505-0
summary:
Cosmos (subtitled The Science of Everything) is a science magazine published in Adelaide, South Australia, by CSIRO Publishing that covers science globally. It appears four times a year in print as Cosmos Magazine, and the online edition is updated daily with news as well as long features and multi-media content, and includes the print magazine content. Cosmos Weekly is a subscription-based weekly online edition published on Fridays, and a podcast was launched in April 2022. The print version ended in the summer of 2025. == History == The magazine was established in Sydney in November 2004 by the Sydney magazine publishing executive Kylie Ahern and science journalist Wilson da Silva. with the first issue published in July 2005. In June 2006, the magazine launched a daily Internet news and features service. The magazine was the originator of Hello from Earth, a web-based initiative to send messages from the public, each just 160 characters in length, to Gliese 581d, the (then) nearest Earth-like planet outside the Solar System. Created as a science communication exercise for 2009 National Science Week in Australia, it collected nearly 26,000 messages that were beamed by NASA's Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex on 28 August 2009. In


id: danesh-science-magazine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danesh_(science_magazine)-0.md
category: reference
title: Danesh (science magazine)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danesh_(science_magazine)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:38.775544+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: danesh-science-magazine-20260505-0
summary:
Danesh (Persian: دانش; Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft: Daneš; English: "knowledge") is the title of seven different Persian-language magazines published since 1882. This biweekly science magazine was the first one published in Tehran by the University of Dār al-fonūn in 1882. By order of the Minister of Science 'Alīqolī Khan Moḵber-al-Dawla, who worked under Nāṣer-al-Dīn Shah (1264–1313 / 1848–96), a total of 14 issues were edited. Dānesh was the first free-of-charge magazine in Iran which offered free advertising as well. The magazine probably aimed to close the gap caused by the closure of the well-known science magazine Rūz-nāma -ye'elmī. The leading editor was Moḥammad Kāẓem, a science teacher at Dār al-fonūn, who had studied in Europe. In addition to Kāẓem, other teachers also published articles on scientific and medical topics and their own opinions. Moreover, the magazine was considered to be a mouthpiece of the Ministry of Science. == References == == External links == Danesh in the Encyclopædia Iranica Online-Version: Dāneš Digital Collections: Arabische, persische und osmanisch-türkische Periodika


id: daneshmand-magazine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daneshmand_(magazine)-0.md
category: reference
title: Daneshmand (magazine)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daneshmand_(magazine)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:40.675194+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: daneshmand-magazine-20260505-0
summary:
Daneshmand (Persian: دانشمند, lit. 'Scientist') is a Persian-language monthly general science magazine covering recent developments in science and technology for a general Iranian audience. The magazine is published in Tehran, Iran. == History and profile == Founded in 1963, Daneshmand was published by Daneshmand R&D institute, a subsidiary of Reed Elsevier. Following the Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979 the magazine was closed. In 1984 it was restarted under the ownership of the Mostazafen Foundation of Islamic Revolution. Daneshmand is published on a monthly basis. It has its headquarters in Tehran. As well as covering current events and news from the scientific community, the magazine often features speculative articles, ranging from the technical to the philosophical. It is not a peer-reviewed scientific journal, but it is read by both scientists and non-scientists, as a way of keeping track of developments outside their own fields of study or areas of interest. Since the beginning of the year 2015, this publication has been edited by Seyed Hamed Asgari, director of the Ministry of Education and Research, Mohammad Javad Torabi, who has served as editor in this publication for less than a year. Currently, Alireza Hatami is the editor in Chief of this


id: d-rive-magazine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dérive_(magazine)-0.md
category: reference
title: Dérive (magazine)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dérive_(magazine)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:41.975569+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: d-rive-magazine-20260505-0
summary:
dérive – Zeitschrift für Stadtforschung is an Austrian science magazine on urbanism. == History and profile == dérive is published quarterly since 2000 by the Vienna based Verein für Stadtforschung. The journal publishes articles from a broad range of urbanism disciplines such as architecture, urban and land-use planning, art, geography, sociology, or philosophy. Articles from urban sociology include contributions from Loïc Wacquant and Saskia Sassen. == Name == Dérive is a concept of psychogeography that includes unplanned journeys through urban space. The individual travels where the subtle aesthetic contours of the surrounding architecture and geography subconsciously direct them, with the ultimate goal of encountering an entirely new and authentic experience. == Networks == The magazine is part of the European network of cultural magazines Eurozine. == Urbanize == The journal also hosts the annual festival urbanize on urban issues. == See also == List of magazines in Austria == References == == External links == Official website


id: digital-life-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Life-0.md
category: reference
title: Digital Life
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Life
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:43.286365+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: digital-life-20260505-0
summary:
Digital Life (previously Unwired) was a monthly lifestyle and consumer technology magazine aimed at South African consumers published by technology media house ITWeb. The magazine was started in 2006 and the first issue appeared in October 2006. The magazine ceased publication with the June/July 2010 issue. == See also == Digital age == References == == External links == http://www.digitallife.co.za/


id: donga-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donga_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Donga Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donga_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:44.630933+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: donga-science-20260505-0
summary:
Donga Science (Korean: 과학동아) is a monthly magazine about science published in South Korea. It was first published in January 1986 with the motto "the joy of science is a window to the future" (과학을 느끼는 즐거움, 미래를 보는 창). The magazine contains information about science, including new discoveries and breakthroughs. The company has created a similar math magazine (수학동아) and children's science magazine (어린이 과학동아). == History == The magazine was first published by the magazine company Donga-Il-bo, but since 2000 it is made by Donga Science, which was separated from the original company. It is the longest-running monthly science magazine in Korea. == References == == External links == Official website


id: duz-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DUZ-0.md
category: reference
title: DUZ
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DUZ
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:45.850171+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: duz-20260505-0
summary:
DUZ is a German-language magazine focusing on science and society. The name is an acronym of Deutsche Universitätszeitung, or "German University Journal" in English. == History == The magazine originated in 1945 from the University of Göttingen in Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany. Originally called GUZ for Göttinger Universitätszeitung, it was later changed to DUZ in 1949. The magazine was published by Josef Raabe since 1964 and became part of the Klett Gruppe in 1979. Its readership was mostly researchers and scientists and was estimated at about 20,000. DUZ was shut down due to insolvency in 2025, but returned to publication in 2026. == References ==


id: emiter-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiter-0.md
category: reference
title: Emiter
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiter
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:47.155930+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: emiter-20260505-0
summary:
Emitter (мак. Емитер) is a Macedonian magazine for the popularization of science. The website of the magazine was launched in 2009. == References == == External links == Official website


id: focus-polish-magazine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_(Polish_magazine)-0.md
category: reference
title: Focus (Polish magazine)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_(Polish_magazine)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:48.358042+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: focus-polish-magazine-20260505-0
summary:
Focus is a Polish popular science monthly magazine which was a print publication between 1995 and 2022. It became online-only publication from February 2022. == History and profile == Focus was first published in September 1995 by Gruner and Jahr Polska and then was owned by Burda Media Polska. The magazine has its headquarters in Warsaw. It features stories on health, coaching, space exploration, technology, nature, society and history and produces a number of podcasts ran by the members of the editorial team. == See also == List of magazines in Poland == References == == External links == Official site (in Polish)


id: geo-magazine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo_(magazine)-0.md
category: reference
title: Geo (magazine)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo_(magazine)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:49.664552+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: geo-magazine-20260505-0
summary:
GEO is a family of educational monthly magazines similar to the National Geographic magazine. It is known for its detailed reports and pictures. == History and profile == The first edition appeared in Germany in 1976. Since then, the magazine has been published in Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France (first international edition), Greece, Hungary, India (publication ceased in 2013), Italy, Japan, Korea, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania, Russia (publication ceased in 2018), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, and Turkey. The current circulation figure in France and Germany is over 500,000. GEO is published by Gruner + Jahr, a publishing house owned by Bertelsmann. The French edition was launched in 1979 and is published monthly by Prisma Presse. The German version has several special editions (line extensions): GEO Saison, a multi thematic magazine dedicated to tourism, GEO Special a mono thematic magazine about individual countries or cities, GEO Wissen and GEO Kompakt mono thematic magazines focused on science issues, GEO Epoche about history and GEOlino for children. The Russian edition features GEOTraveller, GEOFocus on science and history, GEOлёнок for children and The Best of GEO. Vivendi acquired Prisma Media from Bertelsmann in 2020 and later the company spun-out its publishing operation (including Prisma


id: horizon-online-magazine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizon_(online_magazine)-0.md
category: reference
title: Horizon (online magazine)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizon_(online_magazine)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:50.909956+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: horizon-online-magazine-20260505-0
summary:
Horizon is an online-only, open-access magazine covering research and innovation, published in Brussels since 2013 by the European Commission. It covers a wide range of topics, including agriculture, energy, environment, frontier research, health, ICT, industry, policy, science in society, security, social sciences, space and transport. Horizon publishes two to three articles per week, mainly in English, and normally covers research and innovation projects which were funded by the European Union (EU) through its Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, such as FP7 and Horizon 2020, and through the European Research Council. Occasionally, Horizon also publishes policy announcements from the European Commission's Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. Articles from Horizon Magazine can be republished under a license which requires simple attribution. Horizon articles have been shared or re-published, among others, by the European Space Agency, by the University of Oxford, by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, by the University of Trento and by the Welfare State Futures Coordination Office at Humboldt University of Berlin and by the BBC's The Naked Scientists podcast. == References == == External links == Horizon official website


id: human-technology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Technology-0.md
category: reference
title: Human Technology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Technology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:52.092609+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: human-technology-20260505-0
summary:
Human Technology is an open-access, peer-reviewed, academic journal focusing on the interaction between people and technology. As of September 2021, the journal is published by the Centre of Sociological Research in Szczecin, Poland. Previously, the journal was co-published by the Agora Center and the University of Jyväskylä (2005-2016), and then by the Open Science Centre and the University of Jyväskylä (2017-2021). Initially, the journal published biannually; it has been published three times a year since 2018. == Editors == Kristiina Korjonen-Kuusipeura (current) Adam Wojciechowski (current) Jukka Jouhki (2018-2021) Pertti Hurme (2015-2017) Päivi Häkkinen (2012-2014) Pertti Saariluoma (2005-2011), founding editor == Indexing == Human Technology is listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (Lund University Libraries), and is cited and/or abstracted in various databases, including: Scopus, PsycINFO (American Psychological Association), Ebsco, and ProQuest. == See also == Affective computing Technology and society Educational technology Learning platform == References == == External links == Official website


id: info-exame-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Info_Exame-0.md
category: reference
title: Info Exame
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Info_Exame
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:53.387588+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: info-exame-20260505-0
summary:
Info Exame (or simply Info, stylized as INFO) was a high-popular Brazilian technology magazine. Its name was Exame Informática initially, a reference to its creation as the technology supplement for Exame, a business magazine. It was popular with technology non-experts because of its simple-language approach to IT-related topics. The headquarters was in São Paulo. Besides the magazine, the INFO brand was a reference in digital tendencies, sciences, culture and entrepreneurism. It is the inspiration for those who want to understand – in an instigating and good-humored way – the impact innovations have on our lives and our business. The magazine ceased its publication in August 2015, becoming again a supplement in the Exame magazine. Its website now redirects to Exame website technology section. == Main Topics == Enter: Opening section of the magazine that combines notes, short interviews, curiosities and in vogue services on the Internet, while also presenting innovative profiles and people.; Ideias: A section opinions from our three renowned columnists. Besides them, every month INFO magazine brings a special guest to be part of this section.; Inovação: The section that presents the magazine's biggest stories, with reports on the most-varied subjects, such as entrepreneurism, behavior, tendencies in digital


id: iweek-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IWeek-0.md
category: reference
title: IWeek
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IWeek
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:54.774577+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: iweek-20260505-0
summary:
iWeek is a biweekly trade publication for the South African technology sector published by technology media house ITWeb. The magazine was started in 2005. Sipho Memela is the founding editor of iWeek. In 2010 Martin Czernowalow became the editor of the magazine. The magazine was formerly published on a weekly basis. The circulation of iWeek was 9,300 copies. Sister magazine of iWeek is Brainstorm. == References == == External links == http://www.iweek.co.za Archived 2008-09-17 at the Wayback Machine


id: kosmos-magazine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos_(magazine)-0.md
category: reference
title: Kosmos (magazine)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos_(magazine)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:56.087837+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: kosmos-magazine-20260505-0
summary:
Kosmos was a Lithuanian-language magazine published from 1920 to 1940 in Kaunas. Published and edited by Pranas Dovydaitis, it was the first Lithuanian periodical devoted to natural sciences. == History == The first issue was published on 20 October 1920. Most of the articles in the first issue were written by the chief editor Pranas Dovydaitis. He published the first three issues at his own expense. It was later supported by the Society of Saint Casimir and the Ministry of Education. However, after the coup d'état in December 1926, it lost government support and struggled financially. Kosmos was published irregularly until 1925, and monthly in 1926–1929. In 1930, seven issues were published. In 1931–1940, the magazine published three or four issues per year. In total, 97 issues were published. It also published a youth supplement Gamtos draugas from 1929 to 1937. The journal was printed by the Šviesa printing house. The magazine was discontinued after the Soviet occupation of Lithuania in June 1940. == Content == Articles in Kosmos covered a wide range of science fields – astronomy, botany, chemistry, geography, geology, hydrology, climatology, mathematics, and others. Additionally, the publication provided a chronicle of global scientific discoveries and news, book


id: kosmos-problemy-nauk-biologicznych-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos._Problemy_Nauk_Biologicznych-0.md
category: reference
title: Kosmos. Problemy Nauk Biologicznych
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos._Problemy_Nauk_Biologicznych
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:57.276813+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: kosmos-problemy-nauk-biologicznych-20260505-0
summary:
Kosmos. Problemy Nauk Biologicznych (eng. Cosmos. Problems of Biological Sciences) is the scientific journal of the Polish Copernicus Society of Naturalists published from 1876 initially in Lviv, then in Warsaw. Current numbers are available in the online edition. == See also == Cosmos (disambiguation)#Journals Wszechświat (eng. The Universe) == References ==


id: magyar-tudom-ny-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magyar_Tudomány-0.md
category: reference
title: Magyar Tudomány
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magyar_Tudomány
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:58.511101+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: magyar-tudom-ny-20260505-0
summary:
Magyar Tudomány (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈtudomaːɲ], Hungarian: Hungarian Science) is the official monthly science magazine of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. It publishes short articles on various new scientific developments as well as on problems of scientific life. Most articles are written by members of the academy. It has appeared continuously since 1840, under various names: Académiai Értesítő (1840—1859), Magyar Akadémiai Értesítő (1860—1867), A Magyar Tudományos Akadémia értesítője (1867—1889), Akadémiai Értesítő (1890—1955), Magyar Tudomány (since 1956). The editor-in-chief is Enikő Bollobás. == External links == Official website


id: metallurgy-analysis-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgy_Analysis-0.md
category: reference
title: Metallurgy Analysis
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgy_Analysis
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:39:59.813328+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: metallurgy-analysis-20260505-0
summary:
Metallurgical analysis (冶金分析, in Chinese) is a monthly science magazine based in Beijing, China. The magazine was founded in 1981. It is owned by Central Research Institute of Iron and Steel of China (中国钢铁研究总院). The publisher is the metallurgical analysis editorial department. The magazine mostly features articles on the chemical analysis. == Topics covered == Detecting and monitoring techniques for production process control Sampling and sample preparation On-line analysis and control Surface and coating analysis Health and environmental analysis Quality control and laboratory management Advanced reviews on different fields of material analysis & testing techniques Standardization, certification, accreditation and verification. In determining the suitability of submitted articles for publication, particular scrutiny will be placed on the degree of novelty and significance of the research and the extent to which it adds to existing knowledge in material analysis. == References == == External links == Official website ISSN 1000-7571


id: micron-magazine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micron_(magazine)-0.md
category: reference
title: Micron (magazine)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micron_(magazine)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:01.090642+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: micron-magazine-20260505-0
summary:
Micron is an Italian language free magazine, which covers articles about ecology, science and knowledge. == History and profile == Micron was started in 2004. The magazine is published by the Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA) in the Umbria region. The magazine is distributed free of charge. It features articles concerning the relationships between economy, ecology, development, growth, environment and health. The goal of the magazine is to improve awareness about significant environmental issues. It has several supplements, one of which targets children and youth, Micron Junior, which was established in 2013 and is published annually. == References == == External links == Official website


id: nature-arabic-edition-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_Arabic_Edition-0.md
category: reference
title: Nature Arabic Edition
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_Arabic_Edition
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:04.679367+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nature-arabic-edition-20260505-0
summary:
Nature Arabic Edition is an online publication by Springer Nature (SN) in partnership with the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology. The magazine was started in 2012. It contains high-quality science news from the original Nature journal. The content of this journal is available online for free. == See also == List of magazines in Saudi Arabia Nature Research == References == == External links == Nature Arabic Edition website


id: netguide-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetGuide-0.md
category: reference
title: NetGuide
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetGuide
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:05.862632+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: netguide-20260505-0
summary:
NetGuide is a live news website with weekly email newsletters dedicated to New Zealand consumers, covering technology news, product reviews and buying advice. Netguide.co is the largest site in the Techday network. == History and profile == NetGuide was launched in September 1996 by an independent Auckland-based publisher, then owned by Australian Consolidated Press (ACP) 2003 to 2008, then shifted to Action Media. It is now owned exclusively by Techday Ltd. Originally entirely internet focused, it developed to cover wider computer, telecommunications, and technology issues. The magazine competed with IDG's New Zealand PC World and ran the annual NetGuide Web Awards. In early 2014, NetGuide and the entire Techday network discontinued all print publications and moved to exclusively online content. In April 2017, NetGuide was renamed as FutureFive NZ. == Australian edition == The magazine launched a version for the Australian market, Australian NetGuide, which ran 1996–2009. It competed with NineMSN's apc and IDG's Australian PC World. Now, Australian news is integrated into Netguide's New Zealand website, or published under one of Techday's Australian brands: IT Brief Australia, SecurityBrief Australia, or ChannelLife Australia. == References == == External links == Official website


id: oyla-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OYLA-0.md
category: reference
title: OYLA
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OYLA
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:07.257760+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: oyla-20260505-0
summary:
OYLA (from Kazakh ойла! [ojˈlɑ], meaning ‘think!’’) is a monthly science magazine for children and young readers ages 12 and over. Founded on the principle of fostering curiosity, OYLA's mission is to simplify complex STEM topics through visually engaging designs, interactive infographics, and interdisciplinary content. Published in multiple countries, including the USA, UK, Australia, and China, the magazine combines science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and humanities with the goal of making learning accessible and exciting for young minds worldwide. The magazine is available in both print and digital format. The first issue of OYLA was published on September 1, 2015 by founders Yerdos Tulegenov and Gamzat Biyarov in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Each edition features articles on various scientific topics, ranging from basic questions (Why is Milk White?) to recent discoveries (Ocean Exploration Technology). The magazine also produces a weekly English-language podcast featuring discussions about topics from the current month’s edition. The magazine is subscription-based and advertisement-free, and each edition is available in print or online. Each article features 100 “beautifully illustrated pages and easy-to-understand explanations”. Thus far, the magazine is available in sixteen countries, including Kazakhstan, Russia, South Korea, China, the US, the UK, and Australia (soon to be released in Germany


id: rtd-info-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTD_info-0.md
category: reference
title: RTD info
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTD_info
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:08.570329+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: rtd-info-20260505-0
summary:
RTD info was a quarterly magazine published by the European Commission presenting a mix of research results and debate on scientific subjects of interest to a wide, non-specialised readership. In 2007 the decision was made to change the name to research*eu. It lasted 63 issues, which are still available as pdf files. The common theme was Europe. RTD info was published by the Communication Unit of the Research DG on paper in English, French (RDT info) and German (FTE info), and on the internet in these languages plus Spanish (I+DT info). When the name was changed to research*eu, a Spanish translation was also printed. The magazine had its headquarters in Brussels. Michel Claessens served as the editor-in-chief of the magazine. == References == == External links == Official website


id: science-vie-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_&_Vie-0.md
category: reference
title: Science & Vie
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_&_Vie
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:09.706948+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-vie-20260505-0
summary:
Science & Vie (French pronunciation: [sjɑ̃seˈvi]; Science and Life) is a monthly science magazine published in France. Its headquarters is in Paris. == History and profile == The magazine was started in 1913 with the name La Science et la Vie. In 1982, a spinoff computer magazine, Science et Vie micro (SVM) was launched. The first magazine was published at the end of 1983 and was such a success that the number of copies were insufficient on the market. Another spinoff for teenagers, Science & Vie Junior was started in 1986. It was first published by Excelsior Publications until the latter was bought by Emap Plc in 2003. In June 2006 the magazine became part of Mondadori France. In July 2019, the magazine was sold to Reworld Media. Science & Vie was divided in three sections, Science (Sciences), Technologie (Technology), Vie Pratique (Daily life). While the Science section reported on recent scientific progress, the Technology section would report on recent technical advances. Science & Vie covered technical advances in industry, but also in military technology. In particular, it featured articles on explosives, firearms, chemical weapons and nuclear weapons. The Vie Pratique section was concerned with technology in daily life. It


id: science-vie-junior-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_&_Vie_Junior-0.md
category: reference
title: Science & Vie Junior
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_&_Vie_Junior
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:10.913450+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-vie-junior-20260505-0
summary:
Science & Vie Junior is a French science magazine targeting children. The magazine is published by Mondadori France, a subsidiary of the Italian media company Mondadori. The headquarters of the magazine is in Paris. == History == Science & Vie Junior was started in 1989. The magazine is published on a monthly basis. The magazine is a spin-off of Science & Vie made for teenagers. In 2010, it won the Grand prix des Médias. In 2012 the circulation of the monthly was 166,451 copies. == Sections of Science & Vie Junior == The magazine has three main parts. L'actu 100% Science MySVJ === L'actu === L'actu is the first section of the magazine. The main part of this section is news. ==== Cucaracha ==== Cucaracha is a comic in the L'actu section of the magazine. It is the first part of the section. It is about lives of cockroaches in human society. It was made by Marino Degano, and Laurent Salles. Cucaracha cockroach is endowed with reason. With his small telescope, she is passionate about the sky and stars. But sometimes strange shadows infest his field of vision; these are Zoms who are struggling with frenzy. So rather than wait


id: science-et-pseudo-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_et_pseudo-sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: Science et pseudo-sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_et_pseudo-sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:12.165742+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-et-pseudo-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
Science et pseudo-sciences is a quarterly science magazine issued in France since 1968, it is the press organ of the Association française pour l'information scientifique. It was created by the journalist Michel Rouzé. According to the association, the magazine had 1400–1500 subscribers and a readership of 1400–2800 per issue in 2010. In 2010, the sale of the magazine delivered a revenue of €82,232 for production costs and €60,125 for postage costs. == References == == External links == Science et pseudo-sciences website (in French)


id: science-illustrated-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Illustrated-0.md
category: reference
title: Science Illustrated
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Illustrated
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:13.468763+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-illustrated-20260505-0
summary:
Science Illustrated is a multilingual popular science magazine published by the Swedish publisher Bonnier Publications International A/S. == History and profile == Science Illustrated was launched simultaneously in Denmark, Norway and Sweden in 1984. The Finnish version was started in Helsinki, Finland in 1986. The Norwegian version is based in Oslo. According to official websites, the magazine – with a total circulation of 370,000 copies – is the biggest in the Nordic countries with a focus on nature, technology, medicine and culture. === Editions === == See also == List of Norwegian magazines List of magazines in Denmark == References == == External links == Website of Australian Science Illustrated


id: sciencealert-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScienceAlert-0.md
category: reference
title: ScienceAlert
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScienceAlert
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:14.710275+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: sciencealert-20260505-0
summary:
ScienceAlert is an independently run online publication and news source that publishes articles featuring scientific research, discoveries, and outcomes. The site was founded in 2004 by Julian Cribb, a science writer, to aggregate research findings from Australian universities, and it expanded in 2006 when ex-Microsoft programmer Chris Cassella took on the project of developing the website. It has readership that ranges from 11.5m to 26.5m per month. Kate Mallord has been CEO since 2024. In March 2024 the site was listed by Press Gazette as one of the fastest growing news sites globally. == History == Science communicator Julian Cribb founded ScienceAlert in 2004. The website was born out of his "concern at the lack of information available about what Australians and New Zealanders achieve in science". Chris Cassella, a former programmer for Microsoft, joined the site in order to develop new web tools. He took on this work as part of a master's degree thesis in science communication at Australia National University, where Cribb was a professor. Initially, the focus of ScienceAlert was twofold: "to both publicise Australasian scientific outcomes more widely and to encourage Australasian research institutions and funding agencies to share more of their achievements by providing


id: scientriffic-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientriffic-0.md
category: reference
title: Scientriffic
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientriffic
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:15.993645+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: scientriffic-20260505-0
summary:
Scientriffic was a bi-monthly kids science magazine published by CSIRO Publishing. It was established in 1999 as a sister publication to The Helix, CSIRO Publishing's magazine for teens. Scientriffic targeted kids aged 7 and older. The magazine was usually 40 pages long and trimmed to quarto paper size. It typically contained feature articles about science and mathematics of interest to kids. The magazine was relaunched in July 2015 as Double Helix, combining both Scientriffic and The Helix into one magazine, starting from Issue 1, with 8 issues per year. == Editors == The final editor-in-chief was Sarah Kellett. Previous editors included Bianca Nogrady, Heather Catchpole, Cristy Burne, Tanya Patrick and Jasmine Fellows. == References == == External links == Official website


id: le-scienze-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Scienze-0.md
category: reference
title: Le Scienze
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Scienze
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:17.209979+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: le-scienze-20260505-0
summary:
Le Scienze (The Sciences) is an Italian monthly science magazine, It is the Italian edition of Scientific American. == History and profile == Published monthly since 1968, Le Scienze was founded by industrial Alberto Mondadori and scientist Felice Ippolito. The magazine is part of Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso and is published on a monthly basis. Le Scienze covers both high-rank American scientific results as well as Italian (and sometimes European) contributions to research. Among regular contributors to the magazine are Piergiorgio Odifreddi and Tullio Regge. The current director is Marco Cattaneo. In 2007, the circulation of Le Scienze was 62,950 copies. It was 66,000 copies in 2010. == See also == List of magazines published in Italy == References == == External links == Official website (in Italian)


id: scitech-magazine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SciTech_(magazine)-0.md
category: reference
title: SciTech (magazine)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SciTech_(magazine)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:18.401964+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: scitech-magazine-20260505-0
summary:
SciTechDaily is a popular science website, containing sections on space, physics, biology, technology and chemistry. It was founded in 1998 by Vicki Hyde, originally as Sci Tech Daily Review, a companion site to Arts & Letters Daily. It became popular as a news aggregation site for science and technology content, featuring curated links with brief summaries to third-party sites such as NOVA: Science in the news; magazines such as The Discovery Channel, Scientific American, Popular Science; niche sites such as The Apothecary's Drawer, Brain.com, and the Glossary of Mathematical Mistakes; as well as international newspapers. Since 2011, SciTechDaily has changed its format to publish articles directly on its site, rather than providing a daily digest of links. According to the publisher, its content is republished on sites such as Yahoo!News, Ars Technica, and Futurism, and many others. == History == SciTech Daily Review was launched in 1998, as a companion site to Arts & Letters Daily, with the encouragement of Denis Dutton. Managing editor Hyde, a member of The Skeptics Society, worked on the website with a business partner out of Christchurch, New Zealand, during her spare time as a mother. In December 1998, an article in The New York


id: silicon-chip-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Chip-0.md
category: reference
title: Silicon Chip
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Chip
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:21.133996+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: silicon-chip-20260505-0
summary:
Silicon Chip is an Australian electronics magazine. It was started in November, 1987 by Leo Simpson. Following the demise of Electronics Australia in 2000 and Diyode in 2024, it is the only hobbyist related electronics magazine remaining in Australia. == Magazine == The magazine has features such as Projects to build Serviceman's Log Computer Features Vintage Radio Product Showcase Mailbag/Ask Silicon Chip Circuit Notebook (reader contributions) The print version of Silicon Chip is produced and printed in Australia by Silicon Chip Publications Pty Ltd. The magazine is published monthly on the last Thursday of the month prior to the cover date. Some time after Electronics Australia closed its doors, Silicon Chip Publications Pty Ltd purchased the titles Electronics Australia, Electronics Today (International), Radio, TV & Hobbies, Radio & Hobbies and Wireless Weekly, along with the copyright to original (non-submitted) material published in those magazines. The copyright of some submitted projects and articles for those old magazines technically still remains with the original authors. This is why Silicon Chip have not released Electronics Australia back-issues on CD, as they did with the older Radio TV & Hobbies. However they can provide an electronic copy of any Electronics Australia article for a


id: list-of-scientific-skepticism-magazines-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_scientific_skepticism_magazines-0.md
category: reference
title: List of scientific skepticism magazines
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_scientific_skepticism_magazines
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:22.469181+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-scientific-skepticism-magazines-20260505-0
summary:
This is a list of notable magazines that promote or practice scientific skepticism. == See also == Humanism Lists about skepticism List of books about skepticism List of skeptical conferences List of skeptical organizations List of skeptical podcasts List of notable skeptics Rationalism == Notes == == References ==


id: t-hdet-ja-avaruus-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tähdet_ja_avaruus-0.md
category: reference
title: Tähdet ja avaruus
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tähdet_ja_avaruus
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:23.742191+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: t-hdet-ja-avaruus-20260505-0
summary:
Tähdet ja avaruus (Finnish: Stars and space) is a Finnish science magazine which publishes recent developments, news and interviews in astronomy, space technology, cosmology and amateur astronomy. It is the largest circulation astronomy magazine in northern Europe. Tähdet ja avaruus is a member magazine of the Ursa Astronomical Association and it can also be subscribed without a membership. Ursa Astronomical Association is a non profit organization which promotes astronomy and related sciences and astronomy school education. The editor in chief of the magazine is Marko Pekkola, editor is Laura Koponen, staff science writers are Elina Nieppola and Sakari Nummila. Layout is by Heikki Laurila. A group of free science journalists assist the magazine. Many Finnish astronomers answer the readers questions in the questions and answers column. == References == == External links == Official website


id: technische-revue-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technische_Revue-0.md
category: reference
title: Technische Revue
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technische_Revue
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:24.915865+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: technische-revue-20260505-0
summary:
TR (Technische Revue), since renamed IEN D-A-CH, is a German magazine created in 1982 primarily for manufacturing industry professionals. It is published eight times a year by TIMGlobal Media. == Awards == The Technical Review/TR-online was awarded the 2006 LOF Innovation Prize at the annual conference of the Trade and Science Publishers Network (UVW) on January 12, 2006. == References == == External links == Thomas Industrial Media's website Thomas Publishing Co's website


id: tekniikan-maailma-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekniikan_Maailma-0.md
category: reference
title: Tekniikan Maailma
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekniikan_Maailma
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:26.159091+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: tekniikan-maailma-20260505-0
summary:
Tekniikan Maailma, abbreviation TM, (English: World of Technology) is one of the leading automobile magazines in published in Helsinki, Finland. == History and profile == Tekniikan Maailma started in 1953. The magazine is based in Helsinki. It is owned by Otavamedia and is published monthly by Yhtyneet Kuvalehdet Oy. Tekniikan Maailma covers all kinds of technology but around half of its content is related to automobiles. == Circulation == In 2002 Tekniikan Maailma had a circulation of 140,838 copies. The circulation of the magazine was 145,900 copies in 2006 and 150,800 copies in 2007. In 2009 Tekniikan Maailma was 148,000 copies. In 2010 its circulation fell to 93,747 copies, but it grew to 102,947 copies in 2011. In 2012 the circulation of the magazine rose to 103,914 copies and to 109,490 copies in 2013. == References == == External links == Tekniikan Maailma official site


id: tekniikka-talous-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekniikka&Talous-0.md
category: reference
title: Tekniikka&Talous
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekniikka&Talous
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:27.332060+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: tekniikka-talous-20260505-0
summary:
Tekniikka&Talous (Technology&Economy in English) is a Finnish language web service and news magazine published in Helsinki, Finland, which focuses on technology and innovations. The average number of readers for the print edition is 80,400 and the magazine's total reach was 546,800 readers (2024). Tekniikka&Talous is the largest technology magazine in Finland. A famous columnist for the publication is a pseudonymous writer known as "Perusinsinööri Veijo Miettinen," whose true identity has been the subject of speculation over the years. == History and profile == Tekniikka&Talous is published by media house Alma Media Oyj. Tekniikka&Talous covers local and global news on business, innovation, science and technology. The print version of the magazine brings out 41 issues per year in tabloid format. The magazine targets decision makers in the fields of innovation, R&D and management as well as marketing and sales. Tekniikka&Talous was previously published by Talentum. The magazine became part of new business unit Alma Talent, when Alma Media acquired Talentum in September 2015. Other well known brands of Alma Talent are Kauppalehti, Talouselämä, Uusi Suomi and Tivi. Tekniikka&Talous is distributed to the members of Tekniikan Akateemiset, Academic Engineers and Architects in Finland. The editor-in-chief of Tekniikka&Talous is Mikko Virta, who succeeded


id: teknisk-tidskrift-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknisk_Tidskrift-0.md
category: reference
title: Teknisk Tidskrift
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknisk_Tidskrift
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:28.659035+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: teknisk-tidskrift-20260505-0
summary:
Teknisk Tidskrift (1871 – March 1872 Illustrerad Teknisk Tidning) was founded in 1871 by Swedish marine engineer Wilhelm Hoffstedt (1841–1907). A forerunner to Ny Teknik, it has since its establishment been considered one of the leading journals in Sweden for the publication of findings in technology and engineering. It was first published in Norrköping and then in Stockholm until 1977 when it folded. The journal was divided into a general part and various specialized sections on mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, chemistry and mining engineering (including metallurgy), shipbuilding, architecture and civil engineering. These specialized sections representing the various departments of the Swedish Teknologföreningen reflected the educational structure of the Royal Institute of Technology. A supplement on Arkitektur och dekorativ konst (architecture and decorative arts, 1901-1922) developed into an independent journal Arkitektur. Teknisk Tidskrift's general edition was published once a week and the specialized editions once a month. In the autumn of 1967, the name of the weekly edition was changed to Ny Teknik which had a more popular scientific format. In 1967, the publishing house Teknisk Tidskrifts förlag changed its name to Ingenjörsförlaget and in 1990 to E + T Förlag (Ekonomi & Teknik Förlag AB), after a merger with Affärsvärlden.


id: teknisk-ukeblad-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknisk_Ukeblad-0.md
category: reference
title: Teknisk Ukeblad
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknisk_Ukeblad
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:41.472723+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: teknisk-ukeblad-20260505-0
summary:
Teknisk Ukeblad (TU, English: Technical Weekly Magazine) is a Norwegian engineering magazine. The magazine has its headquarters in Oslo, Norway. == History and profile == TU has appeared weekly since 13 April 1883 and was published by Ingeniørforlaget, now Teknisk Ukeblad Media jointly owned by three national professional associations of engineers and architects: the Norwegian Society of Engineers and Technologists (NITO, founded 1936), Tekna (founded in 1874), and the Norwegian Polytechnic Society (PF, founded 1852). On 24 June 2010 TU had a total circulation of 302,000 weekly copies. Corresponding publications are Ny Teknik in Sweden, Ingeniøren in Denmark and Technisch Weekblad in the Netherlands. == References == == External links == Teknisk Ukeblad, the magazine's website Teknisk Ukeblad, some older volumes digitized by Project Runeberg


id: tia-s-ng-1991-magazine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tia_Sáng_(1991_magazine)-0.md
category: reference
title: Tia Sáng (1991 magazine)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tia_Sáng_(1991_magazine)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:43.555769+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: tia-s-ng-1991-magazine-20260505-0
summary:
Tia Sáng (English: 'The Spark'/'Light ray') is a Vietnamese science and technology magazine created in 1991 under the Ministry of Science and Technology. It is considered a platform for intellectuals to raise their voice about policymaking decisions in Vietnam. == History == Tia Sáng was founded in April 1991. Among Tia Sáng’s first contributors are Hoàng Tụy, the founder of Vietnamese mathematics; Phan Dinh Dieu who helped to build the ICT field in Vietnam; Viet Phuong, a poet, former secretary of Lê Duẩn; Lê Đạt, one of the pioneers in Nhan Van – Giai Pham movement, writer Nguyen Ngoc. Many articles published in Tia Sáng were featured and discussed on BBC (Vietnamese version) such as Hoang Tuy’s article about the intellectuals’ attitude toward the social issues in Vietnam or the opinion piece of Tuong Lai, former director of Institute of Sociology about what communist party’s mission should be. Tia Sáng’s website was forced offline in 2009 by the government for several months because of its ‘sensitive’ articles. Some contributors of Tia Sáng were or are prisoners of conscience such as Phạm Đoan Trang, Lê Công Định. Since the late 2000s, Tia Sáng has been less critical towards the government and


id: tone-magazine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_(magazine)-0.md
category: reference
title: Tone (magazine)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_(magazine)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:48.565345+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: tone-magazine-20260505-0
summary:
Tone was a bi-monthly magazine combining coverage of technological developments in New Zealand and from around the world with reviews on the latest consumer products available in New Zealand. == History and profile == It was Parkside Media's third magazine, following NZ Classic Car and NZ Performance Car. Tone was started in 1999. Until issue 32, the magazine was bi-monthly. A change was made to monthly, but as of issue 73 (November/December 2008), it returned to bi-monthly. Tone's offices were in Grey Lynn, Auckland, New Zealand. The magazine ceased publication in December 2011. == Masthead design == Tone's logo featured a small coloured triangle. Internally this was called 'Jerry'. Jerry changes colour each issue to match the cover design. Version 2 of the logo appeared in issue 32 when the magazine changed to monthly. Version 3 of the logo appeared in issue 44. Version 4 of the logo appeared in issue 67 and changed the tagline to Gadgets | Hi-fi | Home theatre, from Technology to change your life. == Magazine contents == As of the November/December 2008 issue, the typical magazine contents included: News Toneworld (short product overviews) Reviews (detailed product tests) Entertainment (CD, DVD, game reviews) Readers' letters


id: vesm-r-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesmír-0.md
category: reference
title: Vesmír
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesmír
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:49.894986+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: vesm-r-20260505-0
summary:
Vesmír is a Czech science magazine that has been published since 1871. As of 2012, it was produced by the Czech Academy of Sciences and published by Academia (Czech publishing house). == References ==


id: victorian-carnivorous-plant-society-inc-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Carnivorous_Plant_Society_Inc.-0.md
category: reference
title: Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Inc.
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Carnivorous_Plant_Society_Inc.
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:53.782820+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: victorian-carnivorous-plant-society-inc-20260505-0
summary:
Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Inc., formerly titled simply Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society and also known as the VCPS Journal, is a quarterly periodical and the official publication of the Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society of Australia. Typical articles include matters of horticultural interest, field reports, literature reviews, and plant descriptions. The journal was established in early 1984, a year after the society itself was founded. Early in its history, issues were grouped into volumes; this system was later abandoned in favour of continuous issue numbering. The journal totals around 80 pages annually. == References == == External links == Official website Complete journal index from 1984 to June 2003


id: wonder-en-is-gheen-wonder-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonder_en_is_gheen_Wonder-0.md
category: reference
title: Wonder en is gheen Wonder
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonder_en_is_gheen_Wonder
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:55.207085+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wonder-en-is-gheen-wonder-20260505-0
summary:
Wonder en is gheen Wonder (Mystery is no Mystery) is a popular science magazine of the Flemish skeptical association SKEPP. The paper was founded in 2000 by Tom Schoepen, who also served as its editor for its first ten years. The magazine is published four times a year and addresses pseudoscientific as well as science philosophical topics. The title is a reference to the 16th century Flemish mathematician and engineer Simon Stevin's commentary to his famous thought experiment: even if something looks strange, it can still have a naturalistic explanation. The subtitle Tijdschrift voor wetenschap en rede ("Magazine for science and reason") was taken from Skeptical Inquirer, the most world-renowned skeptical magazine that is published by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. As of 2016, the editorial staff is composed as follows: Core staff Bart Coenen (editor-in-chief) Cliff Beeckman Johan Braeckman Tim Trachet Luc Vancampenhout Pieter Van Nuffel Wietse Wiels Editorial committee Wim Betz Stefaan Blancke Luc Bonneux Maarten Boudry Maxime Darge Geerdt Magiels Ronny Martens Marc Meuleman Pieter Peyskens Griet Vandermassen Frank Verhoft == References == == External links == Official website Archived 2014-02-08 at the Wayback Machine


id: ivljenje-in-tehnika-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Življenje_in_tehnika-0.md
category: reference
title: Življenje in tehnika
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Življenje_in_tehnika
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:40:59.798121+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ivljenje-in-tehnika-20260505-0
summary:
Življenje in tehnika (Life & Technology) is a Slovene-language monthly magazine about popular science. It has been published since 1950, at first under the name Ljudska tehnika (The Technology of the People). In 1952, it was renamed to its current title. It is still one of the magazines with the greatest readership in Slovenia. The magazine focuses mainly on engineering, medicine, biology, archeology and computer science. It is published by Tehniška založba Slovenije (Slovenian Technical Publishing). == See also == List of magazines in Slovenia == External links == Življenje in tehnika Tehniška založba Slovenije


id: big-picture-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Picture_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Big Picture Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Picture_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:05.470812+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: big-picture-science-20260505-0
summary:
Big Picture Science is an independent national science radio program and podcast hosted by astronomer Seth Shostak and journalist Molly Bentley, the executive producer of the show. The program uses innovative storytelling to connect trends in contemporary research and technology. Episodes are thematic, providing in-depth discussion of the latest developments in science. Guests include researchers from academic, public and private spheres, popular science writers, cultural critics, engineers, and ethicists focused on science. Regular "Skeptic Check," episodes are devoted to critical thinking and take on topics in junk science and the paranormal. The show is broadcast on approximately 155 radio stations, many of them NPR affiliates. These include KALW in San Francisco, WCMU-FM in Michigan, WVPE in Indiana, WHRV in Virginia, WIEC in Wisconsin, and WNYE in New York City. It is carried on about two dozen Native American stations. The show is also available for download via podcast and direct download from podcast networks as well as the show's website where archived shows from 2006 on can also be found. Episodes are cut to an NPR clock. Big Picture Science was formerly titled Are We Alone? and was produced at the SETI Institute until January 2025 when the show went


id: bloggingheads-tv-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloggingheads.tv-0.md
category: reference
title: Bloggingheads.tv
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloggingheads.tv
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:06.895220+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: bloggingheads-tv-20260505-0
summary:
Bloggingheads.tv, sometimes abbreviated "bhtv", is a political, world events, philosophy, and science video blog discussion site in which the participants take part in a back and forth conversation via webcam broadcast online to viewers. The site operated as a project of the Nonzero Foundation since 2012, but the site was started by the journalist and author Robert Wright and blogger and journalist Mickey Kaus on November 1, 2005. Kaus has since dropped out of operational duties of the site as he didn't want his frequent linking to be seen as a conflict of interest. Most of the earlier discussions posted to the site involved one or both of those individuals, but since has grown to include a total of over one thousand individual contributors, mostly journalists, academics, scientists, authors, well known political bloggers, and other notable individuals. Unregistered users are able to view all of the videos which are contained on the site, while free registration is required to comment on the individual discussions, or participate in the forums. In April 2022, Wright announced that Bloggingheads will be ending, stating that "the era in which Bloggingheads makes sense is kinda over," however the site currently continues to operate. == Format


id: bloggingheads-tv-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloggingheads.tv-1.md
category: reference
title: Bloggingheads.tv
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloggingheads.tv
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:06.895220+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: bloggingheads-tv-20260505-0
summary:
== History == On November 1, 2005, the site launched, with Robert Wright and Mickey Kaus as the only two initial participants in the video discussions. The site has since featured more than one thousand other diavloggers. On October 18, 2006, a site redesign was launched, with a revised home page and improved functionality: ability to comment on diavlogs was added, and to participate in forum discussions. In January 2007, it was announced that cable TV pioneer and C-SPAN founding chairman Bob Rosencrans, with a loose network of others, would become an angel investor of Bloggingheads.tv. The infusion of cash kicked off a dramatic expansion of the site's content, and a corresponding growth in viewers. On March 24, 2007, in a diavlog between Garance Franke-Ruta and Ann Althouse, Althouse became quite animated and angry (to the point of yelling) over a comment Franke-Ruta made (in reference to an earlier controversy involving Jessica Valenti and former US president Bill Clinton) referred to as an on-air "meltdown" by some. This led to many blog posts and news stories in the following days on both the initial controversy and Althouse's on air behavior. On October 24, 2007, Bloggingheads.tv entered into a relationship with


id: constellations-publication-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellations_Publication-0.md
category: reference
title: Constellations Publication
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellations_Publication
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:08.130660+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: constellations-publication-20260505-0
summary:
Constellations is an online publication and podcast that focuses on the disruption in space and satellite industries and is published by Kratos Defense & Security Solutions. In each article and podcast episode, Constellations provides satellite and space industry professionals coverage of the industry's transformation. The podcast moderator speaks with business executives, entrepreneurs, innovators, and thinkers within the space and satellite industries. Sources and podcast guests include a mix of C-suite executives, military/government personnel, industry analysts, and a growing number of angel investors. Some guests featured on Constellations Podcast include Vint Cerf, U.S. Representative Doug Lamborn, John Gedmark, and Rick Tumlinson. == Description == Constellations Podcast began in 2018 and releases new episodes on a bi-weekly schedule. As of June 2021, the podcast has over 100 episodes and listeners in 150 countries. Constellations Podcast episodes average anywhere between fifteen and thirty minutes in length. The podcast is moderated by John Gilroy, a broadcasting professional with experience working at the Washington Post, Federal News Network, and WAMU 88.5 FM. Topics have included changes in the ground segment, 5G, earth observation, virtualization, smallsats, and more. Space debris, entrepreneurship, and different orbital satellites were among the most popular topics, according to Owltail, as they


id: brian-dunning-author-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)-0.md
category: reference
title: Brian Dunning (author)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:11.799723+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: brian-dunning-author-20260505-0
summary:
Brian Andrew Dunning (born 1965) is an American writer and producer who focuses on science and skepticism. He has hosted a weekly podcast, Skeptoid, since 2006, and he is an author of a series of books on the subject of scientific skepticism, some of which are based on the podcast. Skeptoid has been the recipient of several podcast awards such as the Parsec Award. Dunning has also created the Skeptoid.org spin-off video series, inFact, and The Feeding Tube both available on YouTube. Dunning has produced two educational films on the subject of critical thinking: Here Be Dragons in 2008, and Principles of Curiosity in 2017. Dunning co-founded Buylink, a business-to-business service provider, in 1996, and served at the company until 2002. He later became eBay's second-biggest affiliate marketer; he has since been convicted of wire fraud through a cookie stuffing scheme, for his company fraudulently obtaining between $200,000 and $400,000 from eBay. In August 2014, he was sentenced to 15 months in prison, followed by three years of supervision. == Career == === Buylink === In 1996 Dunning co-founded and was chief technology officer for Buylink Corporation. Buylink received venture capital funding from Hummer Winblad Venture Partners. In 2000 he


id: brian-dunning-author-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)-1.md
category: reference
title: Brian Dunning (author)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:11.799723+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: brian-dunning-author-20260505-0
summary:
Quackery medical modalities: such as homeopathy, reflexology, detoxification, or chiropractic Popular cultural misconceptions: such as organic foods, SUVs, and global warming Urban legends: such as crop circles, the Amityville Horror, the Phoenix Lights, or the Philadelphia Experiment Religion and mythology: such as creation legends, New Age religions, and concepts of sin Beginning in 2007, Dunning authored a series of books based upon the Skeptoid podcast episodes. Despite his shift away from the technology industry, Dunning continues to do computer programming, and does web development for his Skeptoid website. From 2022, the show is distributed by public media organization PRX's Dovetail publishing platform; PRX also provides sponsorship and promotional support. == Publications == Strapping Young Lads (1 ed.). Xlibris Corp. 2001. p. 272. ISBN 978-1-4010-1168-0. Strapping Young Lads (2 ed.). CreateSpace. 2014. p. 322. ISBN 978-1-5008-5407-2. Dunning, Brian; Knox, Allyson; Becker, Lori (2003). Special Edition: Using Adobe GoLive 6. Que. p. 650. ISBN 978-0-7897-2727-5. OCLC 48678473. Skeptoid: Critical Analysis of Pop Phenomena. CreateSpace. 2007. p. 213. ISBN 978-1-4348-2166-9. OCLC 287154998. Skeptoid 2: More Critical Analysis of Pop Phenomena. CreateSpace. 2008. p. 265. ISBN 978-1-4404-2285-0. OCLC 589083050. Skeptoid 3: Pirates, Pyramids, and Papyrus. CreateSpace. 2011. p. 314. ISBN 978-1-4538-8118-7. Skeptoid 4: Astronauts,


id: the-forum-radio-programme-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Forum_(radio_programme)-0.md
category: reference
title: The Forum (radio programme)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Forum_(radio_programme)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:13.206529+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-forum-radio-programme-20260505-0
summary:
The Forum, the BBC World Service's flagship discussion programme, brings together prominent thinkers from different disciplines and different parts of the world with the aim of creating stimulating discussion informed by highly distinct academic, artistic, and cultural perspectives. The World Service broadcasts the programme on Saturdays at 2106 GMT and repeats it on Sundays at 0906 GMT and on Mondays at 0206 GMT. BBC Radio 4 also broadcasts an edited 30-minute version of the programme. == Format == Each episode of The Forum brings together three thinkers, leading figures from different academic and artistic disciplines. A typical line-up might include a scientist, a writer or other artist, and a philosopher or cultural thinker. Each guest is questioned by the presenter about their latest big idea, a topic area that is of particular interest to them and in which they are a particular expert. During the course of each section the other guests are invited to contribute with criticisms, insights and support of their own. === Sixty Second Idea === Each week one of the guests is invited to present an idea in sixty seconds that they believe will make the world a better place. These ideas are not always practicable,


id: grouse-podcast-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grouse_(podcast)-0.md
category: reference
title: Grouse (podcast)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grouse_(podcast)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:14.415970+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: grouse-podcast-20260505-0
summary:
Grouse is an eight part podcast hosted by Ashley Ahearn and produced by BirdNote and Boise State Public Radio. In each episode Ahearn spends about twenty minutes discussing the greater sage-grouse and various threats to the bird's population. == Background == After reporting on the Standing Rock protests for NPR and seeing that the Dakota Access Pipeline was built despite the protests, Ahearn decided to quit her job and move to rural Winthrop Valley, Washington. The move marked a change in Ahearn's lifestyle, from a life in the city to living in a farmhouse and riding horses. Ahearn also experienced a change in the political demographic from liberal to conservative. Ahearn's experiences drove the story of the podcast, which she notes as a big change from her work at NPR. The podcast focuses on the greater sage-grouse and how the species is being threatened by a variety of changes. Ahearn addresses the fact that climate change is leading to an increase in wildfires that have destroyed sage grouse habitats. The podcast was produced by BirdNote and Boise State Public Radio. The podcast was an eight part series. Each episode is roughly twenty minutes in length. Steve Greene of Indiewire called


id: invisibilia-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisibilia-0.md
category: reference
title: Invisibilia
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisibilia
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:19.982008+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: invisibilia-20260505-0
summary:
Invisibilia is a radio program and podcast from National Public Radio. It debuted in early 2015 and explored "the intangible forces that shape human behavior—things like ideas, beliefs, assumptions and emotions." The program's title comes from Latin, meaning "the invisible things." The Guardian ranked Invisibilia among "the 10 best new podcasts of 2015." In its seventh season, the program was hosted by Kia Miakka Natisse and Yowei Shaw; previous season hosts included Lulu Miller, Alix Spiegel and Hanna Rosin. == Background == Alix Spiegel was a founding producer of This American Life and freelanced for NPR's Science Desk covering psychology and human behavior. At Chicago's Third Coast International Audio Festival, Spiegel met former Radiolab producer Lulu Miller and asked her to co-produce a piece she was working on. The two began collaborating on radio stories and conceived of a new long-form program that would become Invisibilia. The show's first six-episode season aired from January to February 2015, with excerpts occasionally running on All Things Considered, Morning Edition, Radiolab and This American Life. This extra exposure and Miller and Spiegel's track record helped Invisibilia debut at #1 on the iTunes podcast chart and to maintain a consistent top-ten ranking in the


id: little-atoms-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Atoms-0.md
category: reference
title: Little Atoms
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Atoms
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:22.869267+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: little-atoms-20260505-0
summary:
Little Atoms is a website, podcast and magazine dedicated to ideas and culture. The radio show broadcast weekly from London on Resonance FM 104.4. It is hosted by Neil Denny. The website is edited by Padraig Reidy. The first edition of Little Atoms magazine launched in November 2015. == History == The radio show was conceived by Neil Denny and Richard Sanderson at a meeting in a pub beer garden in London Bridge on 7 July 2005. The first episode aired on 2 September 2005 and featured a panel of a scientist (Sid Rodrigues), physicist and ex-born again Christian (Norman Hansen) and a folklorist (Scott Wood), along with Neil Denny and Richard Sanderson as the show's hosts. Richard Sanderson was also the producer of two previous incarnations radio shows on Resonance FM, "Sanderson's Alcove", which ran from February 2005 to July 2005 and "Baggage Reclaim" which ran from 2003 to 2005. Little Atoms is regarded as the first "rationalist" radio show in the UK and one of the first podcasts; with only the JREF's "Internet Audio Show", Rick Wood's Audiomartini, Skepticality and The Skeptic's Guide to the Universe preceding it. Little Atoms was the official podcast of The Skeptic magazine


id: monstertalk-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MonsterTalk-0.md
category: reference
title: MonsterTalk
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MonsterTalk
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:25.522097+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: monstertalk-20260505-0
summary:
MonsterTalk is an audio podcast that was originally presented by the Skeptics Society's Skeptic magazine but broke ties in 2019. Since 2019 it has been an independent podcast under the "Monster House, LLC" banner. The show critically examines the science behind cryptozoological creatures, such as Bigfoot, the Loch Ness Monster, and werewolves. It is hosted by Blake Smith and Karen Stollznow, and produced by Blake Smith. In 2012, MonsterTalk was awarded the Parsec Award for the "Best Fact Behind the Fiction Podcast". == History == The first episode was released on July 2, 2009, and featured an interview with NYU Professor Todd Disotell about the attempted use of DNA evidence in cryptozoologists' search for Bigfoot. MonsterTalk interviews scientists and investigators that research cryptozoological claims. The show has covered an extensive array of monsters and cryptids, including zombies, demons, ninjas, the Mothman, Cthulhu, the Skookum cast, the Patterson–Gimlin film, the Minnesota Iceman, the Chupacabra; and extinct animals such as pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, and the thylacine. Guests of the show have included Phil Plait, Professor PZ Myers, Steven Novella, magician James Randi, author Brian Regal, writer and illustrator Daniel Loxton, and investigator Joe Nickell. == In the media == In 2011, Curt Holman


id: nasa-360-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_360-0.md
category: reference
title: NASA 360
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_360
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:28.239308+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nasa-360-20260505-0
summary:
NASA 360 is a half-hour vodcast developed by NASA in partnership with the National Institute of Aerospace. The show premiered in August 2008. It has aired on more than 450 TV stations across the country, is available on air and cruise lines, and is consistently one of the top-downloaded programs on the NASA.gov website. It is currently in its tenth season. == Description == NASA 360 is one of four programs in NASA's award-winning eClips suite of web-based shows designed to encourage careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. NASA 360 is written, produced, and edited by Timothy J. Allen, Tom Shortridge, and Scott Bednar; Rebecca Jaramillo is the Senior Educator and Project Coordinator for NASA 360, and Harla Sherwood the Principal Investigator - all of the National Institute of Aerospace. NASA 360 shows how NASA has changed and continues to change life on Earth by examining how technologies developed by or for NASA are being used in everything from space exploration to everyday consumer products. These include lithium-ion batteries, medical innovations, sporting equipment, and automotive and aircraft safety and efficiency, among many more. NASA 360 is shot on-location at NASA centers across the country, as well as at other


id: nasaspaceflight-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASASpaceflight-0.md
category: reference
title: NASASpaceflight
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASASpaceflight
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:29.518521+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nasaspaceflight-20260505-0
summary:
NASASpaceflight, often referred to as NSF, is a private aerospace news organization, which operates a YouTube channel, website, a shop and a forum, which launched in 2005, as well as various social media channels covering crewed and uncrewed spaceflight and aerospace engineering news. NASASpaceflight original reporting has been referenced by various news outlets on spaceflight-specific news, such as MSNBC, USA Today and The New York Times, among others. NASASpaceflight also produces videos and live streams of rocket launches online, with a special focus on developments at SpaceX's Starbase facility, for which they were recognized with an award by SpaceNews. NSF is currently providing three 24/7 live-streams covering the following: The Starship operations at Starbase in Texas; The testing of the Raptor and Merlin engines near McGregor, Texas; Various live videos from Cape Canaveral and Kennedy Space Center in Florida. NSF is owned and operated by managing editor Chris Bergin. The NSF content is produced by a team of spaceflight reporters, journalists, contributors, editors, photographers, and videographers across the United States and other countries. NSF also operates the Next Spaceflight website, which keeps track of spaceflight launches. == References == == External links == Official NASASpaceflight Website Official NASASpaceflight Forum


id: numberphile-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numberphile-0.md
category: reference
title: Numberphile
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numberphile
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:30.837927+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: numberphile-20260505-0
summary:
Numberphile is an educational YouTube channel featuring videos that explore topics from a variety of fields of mathematics. In the early days of the channel, each video focused on a specific number, but the channel has since expanded its scope, featuring videos on more advanced mathematical concepts such as Fermat's Last Theorem, the Riemann hypothesis and Kruskal's tree theorem. The videos are produced by Brady Haran, a former BBC video journalist and creator of Periodic Videos, Sixty Symbols, and several other YouTube channels. Videos on the channel feature several university professors, maths communicators and famous mathematicians. In 2018, Haran released a spin-off audio podcast titled The Numberphile Podcast. == YouTube channel == The Numberphile YouTube channel was started on 15 September 2011. Most videos consist of Haran interviewing an expert on a number, mathematical theorem or other mathematical concept. The expert usually draws out their explanation on a large piece of brown paper and attempts to make the concepts understandable to the average, non-mathematician viewer. It is supported by the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI) and Math for America. Haran also runs the "Numberphile2" channel, which includes extra footage and further detail than the main channel. === Reception === Numberphile


id: oh-no-ross-and-carrie-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh_No,_Ross_and_Carrie!-0.md
category: reference
title: Oh No, Ross and Carrie!
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh_No,_Ross_and_Carrie!
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:32.145121+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: oh-no-ross-and-carrie-20260505-0
summary:
Oh No, Ross and Carrie! was an investigative journalism podcast produced in Los Angeles and distributed by the Maximum Fun network. The hosts personally investigated claims about spirituality, fringe science, religion, and the paranormal, then discussed their findings on the show. The motto of the podcast was "We show up so you don't have to." == History == The hosts, Ross Blocher and Carrie Poppy, met at a book club meeting at the Center for Inquiry (CFI) West, where they discovered they had a mutual love for The Simpsons television program. They were also both interested in religion and fringe science, so they decided to attend a meeting of the Kabbalah Centre in LA together and analyze the claims made there. That experience inspired them to start their own podcast centered around such investigations. The first episode, based on their experiences at the Kabbalah Centre, was released on 10 March 2011. The show was independently distributed until it became part of the Maximum Fun network in January 2014. Funding for the hosts' investigations comes from listener donations. Blocher and Poppy investigated a number of religious groups, fringe science claims, and alternative medicine modalities, including Mormonism, dowsing, and Reiki healing. The


id: ologies-podcast-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ologies_(podcast)-0.md
category: reference
title: Ologies (podcast)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ologies_(podcast)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:33.411471+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ologies-podcast-20260505-0
summary:
Ologies with Alie Ward, also known as Ologies, is a weekly science podcast hosted by Alie Ward. Each episode, Ward interviews an expert from a distinct scientific field (somnology, bryology, philematology, etc.). Ologies is usually one of the top three science podcasts on Apple Podcasts. It is often cited by university newspapers and blogs as an example of how to make science communication more accessible and interesting. When recording the episodes, Ward aims to avoid "expert sound bites" in favor of a more conversational tone, and she cuts in segments to explain concepts that her guests introduce. == History == Ward first had the idea for the podcast in 2002. Further inspiration built when a visit to the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County in 2013 led into a weekly volunteer shift and a career change into science communications for Ward. After building a following on Patreon, Ward launched Ologies in 2017. By February 2021, Ologies released more than 130 episodes and acquired more than 50 million downloads. In July 2021, Ologies began releasing shortened versions of classic episodes called "Smologies." Edited specifically for classrooms, Smologies episodes run roughly 20 minutes, and do not have profanity. == Awards and


id: only-human-podcast-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Only_Human_(podcast)-0.md
category: reference
title: Only Human (podcast)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Only_Human_(podcast)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:34.621296+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: only-human-podcast-20260505-0
summary:
Only Human is a health-oriented podcast produced by WNYC Studios. The podcast is hosted by Mary Harris, who previously covered health for ABC News. == Background == WNYC chose Mary Harris as the host of the show because they were hoping to expand the demographic of their audience to include young women. The show was hosted on Mondays at 9:30pm eastern standard time. The show was an attempt to create a health-oriented discussion that was more accessible to listeners. The show discusses topics such as laughter's effect on health, cancer, water pollution, transgender hormone therapy, and transgender health disparities. The show did a series on the ability to listen. The show also discusses how some doctors struggle with addiction the same as their patients. == Reception == Esquire listed the show as one of the best podcasts in 2016. Women's Health listed the show as one of the best health and wellness podcasts. == References == == External links == Official website


id: overheard-at-national-geographic-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overheard_at_National_Geographic-0.md
category: reference
title: Overheard at National Geographic
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overheard_at_National_Geographic
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:35.846344+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: overheard-at-national-geographic-20260505-0
summary:
Overheard at National Geographic is a science and travel podcast produced by National Geographic hosted by Peter Gwin and Amy Briggs. == Background == The show is a science and travel podcast produced by National Geographic. The first couple seasons were hosted by Vaughn Wallace. Season three was hosted by Peter Gwin and Amy Briggs. Each episode is about 20 minuted in length. There are multiple episodes focused on whale song. There is an episode that focuses on United States v. One Tyrannosaurus Bataar Skeleton. Another episode focuses on scuba diving below a pryamid in Nuri to explore the Kingdom of Kush. In another episode, the show focuses on the psychology of child lying and its effects on a child's development. == Reception == === Awards === == References == == External links == Official website


id: plus-magazine-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus_Magazine-0.md
category: reference
title: Plus Magazine
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus_Magazine
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:37.018538+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: plus-magazine-20260505-0
summary:
Plus Magazine is an online popular mathematics magazine run under the Millennium Mathematics Project at the University of Cambridge. Plus contains: feature articles on all aspects of mathematics; reviews of popular maths books and events; a news section; mathematical puzzles and games; interviews with people in maths related careers; Plus Podcast – Maths on the Move == History == Plus was initially named PASS Maths (Public Awareness and Schools Support for Maths) in 1997, when it was a project of the Interactive Courseware Research and Development Group, based jointly at the University of Cambridge and Keele University. Plus is now part of the Millennium Mathematics Project, a long term national initiative based in Cambridge and active across the UK and internationally. Authors of articles in Plus include Stephen Hawking and Marcus du Sautoy. Plus won the 2001 Webby for Best Science Site on the Web, and has been described as "an excellent site put together by those with a real love for the subject". In 2006 the Millennium Mathematics Project, of which Plus is a part, won the Queen's Anniversary Prize for Higher Education. == References == == External links == Official website Millennium Mathematics Project official website at the


id: point-of-inquiry-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_Inquiry-0.md
category: reference
title: Point of Inquiry
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_Inquiry
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:38.301407+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: point-of-inquiry-20260505-0
summary:
Point of Inquiry is the radio show and flagship podcast of the Center for Inquiry (CFI), "a think tank promoting science, reason, and secular values in public policy and at the grass roots". Started in 2005, Point of Inquiry has consistently been ranked among the best science podcasts available in iTunes. It has been celebrated for its guests and for the quality of its interviews. Former guests include leading scientists, writers and public intellectuals such as Neil DeGrasse Tyson, Paul Krugman, Lisa Randall, Brian Greene, Oliver Sacks, Susan Jacoby, David Brin and Temple Grandin. == Format == Point of Inquiry is recorded at the Center for Inquiry headquarters in Amherst, New York. iTunes features over 200 free episodes of Point of Inquiry, averaging 30 to 35 minutes in length, with each consisting of a long form interview with a high-profile guest from the worlds of scientific skepticism, science, academia, and philosophy. The show focuses on traditional topics in scientific skepticism, such as psychic investigations, alternative medicine, alleged extraterrestrial visitations, ghosts, and cryptozoology. It also covers current events and public policy. The inaugural episode in December 2005 featured an interview with CFI founder Paul Kurtz, who spoke about the incompatibility of


id: probably-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probably_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Probably Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probably_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:39.504660+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: probably-science-20260505-0
summary:
Probably Science is a weekly comedy and science podcast which first aired on January 21, 2012. The show is co-hosted by Andy Wood, Matt Kirshen, and Jesse Case. Former co-host and founding member Brooks Wheelan left the show in 2013 for personal reasons and has since returned as a guest. In Wheelan's absence, Case, previously a guest, was brought on as a co-host. The podcast focuses on current scientific news. Occasionally it explores different facets of relevant media, including the host's comedy careers, as well as the large array of careers and hobbies held by the guests. A wide range of guest have appeared in their episodes, including astronaut Chris Hadfield, astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, comedian Chris Hardwick, Sean M. Carroll (a research professor in the Department of Physics at the California Institute of Technology), and two appearances from Doctor Who and Guardians of the Galaxy actress Karen Gillan. == SPATS == In episode 514, released on Nov. 27th, 2023, the podcast team introduced the SPATS. The concept is similar to the EGOT and is an honor for actors who have operated or traveled on a ship, plane, automobile, train, and spaceship in their films. == Episodes == == References


id: radiolab-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolab-0.md
category: reference
title: Radiolab
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolab
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:41.899730+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: radiolab-20260505-0
summary:
Radiolab is a radio program and podcast produced by WNYC, a public radio station based in New York City, and broadcast on more than 570 public radio stations in the United States. The show has earned many industry awards for its "imaginative use of radio" including a National Academies Communication Award and two Peabody Awards. Radiolab was founded by Jad Abumrad in 2002, and evolved with co-host Robert Krulwich and executive producer Ellen Horne. As of 2023, Radiolab is hosted by Latif Nasser and Lulu Miller. The show focuses on topics of a scientific, philosophical, and political nature. The show attempts to approach broad, difficult topics such as "time" and "morality" in an accessible and light-hearted manner and with a distinctive audio production style. == History == The original version of Radiolab was a three-hour weekly show on New York City radio station WNYC's AM signal. Abumrad, a freelancer for WNYC, produced and hosted the show, which presented documentary radio work in an original style. Dean Cappello, then the chief content officer of WNYC Radio, told The New York Times that it was conceived back in 2002 as a space for experimentation and also as a way to fill a


id: radiolab-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolab-1.md
category: reference
title: Radiolab
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolab
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:41.899730+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: radiolab-20260505-0
summary:
== Reception and awards == Radiolab has been widely acclaimed among listeners and critics alike for its imaginative format and original use of sound design. It has been hailed, along with This American Life, as one of the most innovative shows on American radio. As of January 2023, Radiolab has earned 13 podcast industry award nominations, including 7 wins, including the 2013 People's Choice Podcast Award for Best Science and Medicine Podcast and the 2015 People's Choice Podcast Award for Best Produced Podcast. Radiolab was also awarded for the Shorty Award for Best Podcast. Radiolab has also won two Peabody Awards for broadcast excellence. The first Peabody was awarded to the show overall, and the second was awarded for the episode titled "60 Words" (aired on April 18, 2014) garnered a second Peabody Award for Radiolab. Radiolab also received a 2007 National Academies Communication Award "for their imaginative use of radio to make science accessible to broad audiences". The program has received two Peabody Awards; first in 2010 and again in 2014. In 2011, Abumrad received the MacArthur grant, in recognition of his work with RadioLab. In a 2007–2008 study by Multimedia Research (sponsored by the National Science Foundation), it


id: reach-a-space-podcast-for-kids-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reach:_A_Space_Podcast_for_Kids-0.md
category: reference
title: Reach: A Space Podcast for Kids
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reach:_A_Space_Podcast_for_Kids
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:43.092661+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: reach-a-space-podcast-for-kids-20260505-0
summary:
Reach: A Space Podcast for Kids is produced by Soundsington Media. == Background == The podcast was created by Sandy Marshall and Nate DuFort as an outreach project of Solar System Ambassadors. Produced by Soundsington Media in Chicago, the podcast features interviews with astronauts and engineers, and includes activities for the listeners. In one of the episodes, the show has a live interview with NASA astronauts in space aboard the International Space Station. Marshall and DuFort had previously collaborated on improvisational comedy at The Second City. Guests have included Chris Hadfield, the first Canadian to walk in space. The podcast is hosted by Brian Holden and Meredith Stepien of Team StarKid fame. == References ==


id: sawbones-podcast-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawbones_(podcast)-0.md
category: reference
title: Sawbones (podcast)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawbones_(podcast)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:44.360181+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: sawbones-podcast-20260505-0
summary:
Sawbones: A Marital Tour of Misguided Medicine is a weekly, comedic medical podcast hosted by Dr. Sydnee McElroy and her husband, podcaster Justin McElroy. The show is distributed online by Maximum Fun. In each episode, Sydnee discusses an element of historical medical practice, while Justin provides a comedic foil. The show normally focuses on antiquated medical practices that are unusual to modern listeners but occasionally covers rare and unusual disorders and occurrences. == History == === Background and formation === Justin McElroy began podcasting in 2007 as co-host of the video game talk show The Joystiq Podcast. In episode 115 Sydnee briefly appeared as a guest alongside Justin to answer questions about the 2009 swine flu pandemic. Sydnee and Justin McElroy had also previously worked together on a short podcast series entitled Losing the Sheen, focused on watching Two and a Half Men. The show only lasted nine episodes before the two became tired of it, instead starting a medical podcast based on Sydnee's expertise. While developing the idea for the show, the McElroys decided that it would be irresponsible for them to give medical advice to listeners, even with Sydnee's background. They opted instead to focus on the historical


id: list-of-science-podcasts-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_science_podcasts-0.md
category: reference
title: List of science podcasts
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_science_podcasts
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:48.111455+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-science-podcasts-20260505-0
summary:
The following is a list of science podcasts. == List == == See also == Science communication Science journalism Popular science Nature documentary == References ==


id: science-vs-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Vs-0.md
category: reference
title: Science Vs
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Vs
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:49.358991+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-vs-20260505-0
summary:
Science Vs is a science podcast created and hosted by Wendy Zukerman. The show takes a myth-busting approach to controversial topics and current events, with fact checking and research of the scientific literature, as well as interviewing relevant experts. A typical show will have over a hundred citations and involve background interviews of dozens of scientists in addition to the scientists who speak on the show. == History == The show was first produced and distributed in 2015 by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) as part of ABC Radio's First Run podcast program. Science Vs was picked up by Gimlet Media, a Brooklyn-based digital media company. Originally, Zukerman had to do all the research herself, but under Gimlet she was able to hire a dedicated research team. Episode topics have included immigration, gun control, ghosts, climate change, acne, and antidepressants, among others. Zukerman has said that the idea for Science Vs came from news headlines about Gwyneth Paltrow wanting women to participate in a "health practice" of vaginal steaming, which she thought could combine science with humor. Zukerman summarized her podcast's position against false equivalences, saying, "If there's a 95 percent consensus among scientists, you report the consensus." In 2019


id: list-of-scientific-skepticism-podcasts-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_scientific_skepticism_podcasts-0.md
category: reference
title: List of scientific skepticism podcasts
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_scientific_skepticism_podcasts
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:51.831433+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-scientific-skepticism-podcasts-20260505-0
summary:
This is a list of notable podcasts that promote or practice scientific skepticism. == Active == == Inactive == These podcasts are either officially on hiatus, have ceased production, or have not produced an episode in over a year. == See also == List of books about skepticism List of notable skeptics List of notable debunkers List of skeptical conferences List of skeptical magazines List of skeptical organizations Lists about skepticism == References ==


id: skepticality-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skepticality-0.md
category: reference
title: Skepticality
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skepticality
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:52.984947+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: skepticality-20260505-0
summary:
Skepticality was the official podcast of The Skeptics Society's Skeptic magazine. Beginning in May 2005, the podcast explores rational thought, skeptical ideas, and famous myths from around the world and throughout history. Each episode is an audio magazine featuring regular segments by contributors who are specialized in specific areas of critical thought followed by featured content which is usually in the form of an interview with a researcher, author, or individual who is helping promote skeptical thought and/or science in an effective way. It has featured interviews with James Randi, and scientists, such as authors and astronomers Phil Plait and Neil deGrasse Tyson, Greg Graffin from Bad Religion, Adam Savage from the MythBusters, songwriter Jill Sobule, author Ann Druyan and science communicator Bill Nye. Skepticality is co-hosted by Derek Colanduno and "Swoopy" Robynn McCarthy. The last released episode is from 28 August 2019. == History == The concept and the name Skepticality were created in May 2005 by Robynn McCarthy and Derek Colanduno, after the two became friends in Las Vegas. At the time, Colanduno was working at a national Sports Radio network and a privately owned Alternative Rock Station (KEDG) during the overnight shift. Skepticality gained notability on September


id: el-sue-o-de-arqu-medes-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Sueño_de_Arquímedes-0.md
category: reference
title: El Sueño de Arquímedes
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Sueño_de_Arquímedes
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:54.221612+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: el-sue-o-de-arqu-medes-20260505-0
summary:
El Sueño de Arquímedes was a Spanish science podcast and radio program which was broadcast by Radio Nacional de España (RNE) from September 2006 until June, 2007. The program was created by Ángel Rodríguez Lozano. A total of 35 programs are still available for download. In addition to El Sueño de Arquímedes, Ángel Rodríguez Lozano also hosted Vanguardia de la Ciencia, which was broadcast weekly without interruption from April 1995 until June 2007. The name of the program means "the dream of Archimedes", and alludes to Archimedes' statement that given a lever and a fixed point, he could move the world. To Ángel Rodríguez Lozano, the dream was moving the world by popularizing and sharing knowledge. == Format == Before the startup of El Sueño de Arquímedes, Ángel Rodríguez Lozano had been hosting Vanguardia de la Ciencia for more than a decade. When RNE asked if he would host a second popular science program, Ángel Rodríguez Lozano realised that the scheduled timing, Sundays between 3 and 4 p.m, meant that it would be sandwiched between sports broadcasts. Therefore, he would have to capture the attention of listeners who were not looking for this type of program. The intention was therefore


id: the-rest-is-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rest_Is_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: The Rest Is Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rest_Is_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:56.647358+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-rest-is-science-20260505-0
summary:
The Rest Is Science (TRIS) is a YouTube channel and podcast hosted by internet personalities Hannah Fry and Michael Stevens. Produced by the British podcast production company Goalhanger, its first episode premiered on 25 November 2025. == Background and release == The Rest Is Science was launched by the podcast production company Goalhanger, which previously created history-, politics-, and entertainment-centered podcasts under The Rest Is branding. Following their previous podcasts' approach of casting high-profile hosts, Goalhanger pegged Hannah Fry and Michael Stevens as the hosts of the podcast. Both known for their science communication online, Fry is a British mathematician and professor of the Public Understanding of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge; meanwhile, Stevens is an American educator and YouTuber, best known for creating Vsauce. Goalhanger announced The Rest Is Science on November 18, 2025, with the first episode released a week later on November 25. The first episode covered topics centered around water, such as whether it is actually wet, how its minerals shape its taste, and the planet's supply of drinkable water, among others. TRIS marked the first time Goalhanger focused on a video-first approach for a podcast, though it is released as both an audio and


id: this-podcast-will-kill-you-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Podcast_Will_Kill_You-0.md
category: reference
title: This Podcast Will Kill You
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Podcast_Will_Kill_You
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:41:57.917256+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: this-podcast-will-kill-you-20260505-0
summary:
This Podcast Will Kill You is an American podcast hosted by disease ecologists and epidemiologists Erin Welsh and Erin Allmann Updyke. Its first full-length episode was released on October 31, 2017. New episodes were released weekly until the second season, when they were released every two weeks. Each week a different disease is covered, the majority of which are infectious diseases with some exceptions, such as scurvy in episode 19. "This Podcast Will Kill You" is part of the Exactly Right Podcast Network, created by the hosts of "My Favorite Murder." == Structure of Episodes == Each episode is about an hour in duration and generally starts with a firsthand account of someone affected by the disease. After that, the hosts create a mixed drink that is connected to the disease, called a 'Quarantini', in a segment known as 'Quarantini time'. After this introduction, the biology of the disease is explained, then history, epidemiology, and finally, the disease's effect on the modern world. Generally, Welsh tells the history of the disease and Updyke explains the biology epidemiology. Finally, the hosts cite the sources used to present the information, and supply a link to their website where the sources can be


id: timber-wars-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timber_Wars-0.md
category: reference
title: Timber Wars
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timber_Wars
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:42:00.433672+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: timber-wars-20260505-0
summary:
Timber Wars is a seven-part podcast hosted by Aaron Scott and produced by Oregon Public Broadcasting. == Background == The show was produced by Oregon Public Broadcasting. The show discusses the conservation movement that took place in the Pacific Northwest in the 1990s. The show discusses the complicated conflict between environmentalists and loggers that occurred during the period known as the timber wars. The show discusses the history of logging and how forests were viewed as potential tree farms. Foresters and dendrologists wanted to study and preserve old-growth forests, but were viewed negatively until the 1990s when large environmental protests began. At the same time, wildlife conservation for animals like the northern spotted owl became an issue. The show discusses a twenty-five year period of forestry and forest management. Aaron Scott is the host of the show—he grew up in Steamboat, Oregon not too far away from where the events of the show took place. == Episodes == === Introductory episode === === Season 1 === == Reception == Nicholas Kristof of The New York Times commented on the show saying that "Listeners are left with both an appreciation of the magnificence of old growth forests and the toll paid


id: titans-of-nuclear-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titans_of_Nuclear-0.md
category: reference
title: Titans of Nuclear
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titans_of_Nuclear
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:42:01.683228+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: titans-of-nuclear-20260505-0
summary:
Titans of Nuclear is an interview podcast developed by the Energy Impact Center. Each episode features interviews led by Bret Kugelmass. Other hosts include Jadwiga Najder, Olubunmi Olajide, and Naomi Senehi. Guests generally include nuclear energy experts who come from various political, scientific, and business backgrounds. The one-on-one discussions typically revolve around nuclear energy and related topics including political policy, climate change, and nuclear medicine. == History == Titans of Nuclear was conceived by Bret Kugelmass, founder of the Energy Impact Center in Washington, D.C., in 2017. That year, he began recording interviews with a variety of nuclear energy experts. The first episode of the podcast was made available online on January 8, 2018 and featured Michael Shellenberger as the guest. Other early guests in 2018 included eventual Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Energy and head of the Office of Nuclear Energy, Rita Baranwal, and individuals associated with both the Idaho National Laboratory and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. In 2019, the podcast featured interviews with national politicians, including House Representative for Massachusetts Seth Moulton and Idaho Senator Mike Crapo. Other episodes that year featured discussions with members of the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission. Kugelmass would later begin sharing


id: trees-a-crowd-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trees_A_Crowd-0.md
category: reference
title: Trees A Crowd
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trees_A_Crowd
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:42:02.888062+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: trees-a-crowd-20260505-0
summary:
Trees A Crowd is a natural history podcast presented by actor & ecologist David Oakes. == Creation and reception of the podcast == Oakes, as an environmentalist and an ambassador for the Woodland Trust and The Wildlife Trusts, started Trees A Crowd as a series of informal conversations with artists, scientists and enthusiasts. Speaking on the Dominic King show on BBC Radio Kent on 19 July 2019, David said in regards to why he started the podcast: If we live in a world of identity politics where personality trumps any viable policy or common sense, then maybe we can use that for betterment too. So, if we can get someone who is fascinating who can take you through their life story and their idiosyncratic interests and pastimes and accidental encounters with griffins or narwhals or fantastical or factual beasts across time, then maybe we can then be seduced into fewer plastic bottles or driving your car a little less often. Each episode explores how the countryside has inspired different career trajectories. Speaking to Countryman Magazine in June 2019, Oakes said: I decided to seek out others who, like me, have a meaningful connection with the rolling hills, misty moors, babbling


id: trees-a-crowd-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trees_A_Crowd-1.md
category: reference
title: Trees A Crowd
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trees_A_Crowd
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:42:02.888062+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: trees-a-crowd-20260505-0
summary:
=== Series two === 6 January 2020 – Mark Carwardine, zoologist who achieved widespread recognition for his Last Chance to See conservation expeditions with Douglas Adams. Since then he has become a leading and outspoken conservationist, and a prolific broadcaster, columnist and photographer. 20 January 2020 – Dr Catherine Barlow of the South of Scotland Golden Eagle Project. 3 February 2020 – Dr Bryce Stewart, marine ecologist and fisheries biologist, currently a lecturer for the Department of Environment and Geography at the University of York. 17 February 2020 – Ingrid Newkirk, president and co-founder of PETA. 2 March 2020 – Rob Rose and Natalie Stoppard of Rosewood Farm on the Yorkshire Ings. 16 March 2020 – Tim Pears, novelist and Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. 26 March 2020 – A short interview with Edward Davey of the World Resources Institute discussing agricultural concerns in the midst of COVID-19. Originally this interview was set to be recorded as a live event as part of the London Climate Change Festival which was cancelled as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. 30 March 2020 – Dr Helen Pheby, head of curatorial programming at the Yorkshire Sculpture Park. 31 March 2020 –


id: trees-a-crowd-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trees_A_Crowd-2.md
category: reference
title: Trees A Crowd
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trees_A_Crowd
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:42:02.888062+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: trees-a-crowd-20260505-0
summary:
=== Series five === 7 November 2023 – Dr Paul Donald, Senior Scientist at Bird Life International. 5 December 2023 – Katie Holten, artist and environmental activist. 9 January 2024 – Dr Ruth Tingay, environmentalist and raptor conservationist. 13 February 2024 – Dr David Hetherington, ecologist and wild cat biologist. 12 March 2024 – Artist Andy Holden and Ornithologist Peter Holden; father and son. 9 April 2024 – A visit to the Carmarthenshire Vulture breed and release charity, The Horstmann Trust. 14 May 2024 – Rob Stoneman, Director of Landscape Recovery at the Wildlife Trusts. 11 & 18 June 2024 – Prof. Fiona Mathews & Prof. Tim Kendall, environmental biologist and nature writer respectively. 5 July 2024 – Matthew Oates, naturalist and nature writer. 9 August 2024 – Primatologist Dr Hannah Trayford and Wildlife Photographer Rachel Bigsby 10 September 2024 – M. G. Leonard, award-winning children's novelist and Vice President of Buglife. A bonus addendum episode was released on 1/7/25. === Series six === 21 October 2025 – Dr Sylvia Earle, Marine biologist, explorer and founder of Mission Blue. 18 November 2025 - Dr Bhaskar Choudhury, veterinarian and project head of the Wildlife Trust of India’s Centre for Wildlife Rehabilitation


id: unlocking-us-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unlocking_Us-0.md
category: reference
title: Unlocking Us
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unlocking_Us
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:42:04.086464+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: unlocking-us-20260505-0
summary:
Unlocking Us is a psychology and self-help podcast hosted by Brené Brown. Produced by Parcast, the show consists of both monologue and interview content and focuses on human vulnerability through Brown's experiences in social work. == Background == The podcast debuted on March 20, 2020. Brown discussed her fears concerning the launch of her podcast in the first episode of the show. Brown began the podcast to have a more intimate medium of communicating her stories with her audience and she records the show in her home. The show consists of both interview and monologue episodes. One of the first interviews done on the show featured David Kessler on his understanding of grief. In an episode released on March 27, 2020 Brown discusses the importance of positivity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Brown hosted another podcast called Dare to Lead based on her book of the same name. == Reception == According to a spokesman cited by The New York Times, the show was averaging more than a million downloads every episode in May 2020. Melissa Fyfe of The Sydney Morning Herald commented on the show saying that the "first season is a bit patchy" because it takes time to adjust


id: wow-in-the-world-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wow_in_the_World-0.md
category: reference
title: Wow in the World
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wow_in_the_World
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:42:06.553911+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: wow-in-the-world-20260505-0
summary:
Wow in the World is a children's podcast hosted by children's media and audio veterans Guy Raz and Mindy Thomas. which debuted on May 17, 2017 and produced by Tinkercast, LLC, a company established by Thomas and Raz to produce children's audio., and distributed by Wondery. Initially, it was distributed by NPR as part of its efforts to invest in podcasts and digital media aimed at wider audiences, including families, as well as Guy Raz's connections to the broadcaster for producing popular shows like the TED Radio Hour and the business podcast How I Built This. Distribution was handed over to Sony Music in April 2021, but the deal with Sony was very short lived. The Amazon-owned podcast network Wondery agreed to distribute the Tinkercast assets in September the same year. The show focuses on science and technology and each episodes is about 25 minutes long. However some episodes, such as the spin-off game show Two Whats?! And a Wow!!! are 15 minutes long and other bonus episodes may run for 5–10 minutes. == Background == In 2014, Guy Raz and Mindy Thomas had a Twitter exchanged that led to some collaborations. The show was financed by its hosts and


id: all-in-the-mind-australian-broadcasting-corporation-radio-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_in_the_Mind_(Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation_radio)-0.md
category: reference
title: All in the Mind (Australian Broadcasting Corporation radio)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_in_the_Mind_(Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation_radio)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:42:08.307883+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: all-in-the-mind-australian-broadcasting-corporation-radio-20260505-0
summary:
All in the Mind is a weekly Australian Broadcasting Corporation Radio National program which explores the mind, brain and behaviour. As of 2021 it is hosted by journalist and podcaster Sana Qadar. The radio program has won a number of awards, including the Grand Medal at the 2008 New York Radio Festival for a series of shows entitled The Brain Under Siege and Best Health/Wellbeing Podcast at the 2022 Australian Podcast Awards. All in the Mind was previously hosted by Australian science journalist Natasha Mitchell (from 2002-2012) and journalist and broadcaster Lynne Malcolm (from 2012-2021). Malcolm has written a book informed by stories covered on the program. == References == == External links == Official website


id: am-i-normal-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am_I_Normal-0.md
category: reference
title: Am I Normal?
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am_I_Normal?
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:42:09.505217+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: am-i-normal-20260505-0
summary:
Am I Normal? is a BBC Radio 4 science documentary programme presented by Vivienne Parry. The programme examines what constitutes "normal" with regard to physical and psychological health, exploring where medical professionals draw boundaries between typical variation and conditions requiring treatment. The Guardian described it as "fascinating stuff". == Format == Each episode features Parry interviewing doctors, patients, and scientific experts about a specific topic, questioning assumptions about normality. Parry uses an alphabet board to communicate with guests, and a transcriber writes down what she spells out. Topics covered across the eight series included cancer, blood pressure, childbirth, dyslexia, drinking, depression, ageing, autism, sexuality, immunology, obsessive-compulsive disorder, health anxiety, and eating behaviour. == Broadcast history == The programme ran for eight series and 34 episodes between August 2006 and August 2011: Series 1: 22 August – 12 September 2006 Series 2: 14 November – 12 December 2006 Series 3: 31 July – 21 August 2007 Series 4: 4–25 March 2008 Series 5: 30 September – 21 October 2008 Series 6: 24 February – 17 March 2009 Series 7: 2–23 March 2010 Series 8: 19 July – 10 August 2011 The first episode examined psychosis. === Television adaptation === In April


id: andromeda-radio-show-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_(radio_show)-0.md
category: reference
title: Andromeda (radio show)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_(radio_show)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:42:10.729827+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: andromeda-radio-show-20260505-0
summary:
Andromeda is a Croatian radio show covering topics in astronomy, astrophysics, and astronautics. == History == The show was started by journalist Tanja Devčić and astronomer Ante Radonić, head of the planetarium at the Technical Museum in Zagreb. It has been broadcast since 1997 on the second program of Croatian Radio, every Tuesday from 8:00 pm to 10:00 pm. Over the years, the show has hosted numerous scientists such as Charles Duke and Mike Vucelić who participated in the Apollo project, while the most frequent guest is astronomer Korado Korlević. At the end of August 2012, it was announced that the show was being canceled, or that the concept and the name itself were changing. However, the show continued to be recorded every week, at the Technical Museum in Zagreb. In June 2013, after editorial changes, the show began airing again as the second program of Croatian Radio. == References ==


id: bastelstunde-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastelstunde-0.md
category: reference
title: Bastelstunde
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastelstunde
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:42:12.010475+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: bastelstunde-20260505-0
summary:
Die Bastelstunde (meaning Bricolage Hour or Hobby Hour) was a radio hobby show that aired on Austrian radio from 1929 to 1952. Bastelstunde appears to have been, globally, the first such radio show in which the moderator was building and explaining certain technical and craft projects. The show aired first on RAVAG Vienna on 8 October 1929, before being taken over by ORF Radio and was geared towards "children and other bastlers". During the time of Anschluss, when Austria was annexed to Germany from 1938 to 1945, Bastelstunde was taken over by Nazi German radio and its content was adapted to the craft bricolage needs of soldiers. After World War II the show was continued as before the war. == Radio host Oskar Grissemann == The broadcast was devised and presented by Ing. Oskar Grissemann, who hosted the show from 1929 to his death in 1952 through four governmental systems, two parliamentary democracies and two dictatorships, one of them Nazi Germany. Oskar Grissemann was the uncle of Austrian radio legend and stage actor Ernst Grissemann and the Great Uncle of comedian and radio and TV host Christoph Grissemann. Grissemann was known endearingly as the "Bastelonkel" — the uncle who teaches


id: bit-byte-gebissen-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit,_byte,_gebissen-0.md
category: reference
title: Bit, byte, gebissen
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit,_byte,_gebissen
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:42:13.199881+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: bit-byte-gebissen-20260505-0
summary:
Bit, byte, gebissen (German for Bit, Byte, Bitten) was a German radio program. It was the first program on computer topics on public radio in Germany, produced by the Bayerischer Rundfunk (Bavarian Broadcasting). Bit, byte, gebissen was broadcast from October 1985 to September 1993. It ran weekly on Mondays and was half an hour long. The idea was of the radio program was born out of the boom of home computers and video game consoles starting to fascinate youngsters at the beginning of the 1980s. Another successful program on computer topics for adolescent radio listeners was Chippie from the Hessischer Rundfunk (Hessian Broadcasting), starting in 1990. == External links == Die Zündfunk-Hall-of-Fame: Das erste Computermagazin (in German)


id: chippie-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chippie-0.md
category: reference
title: Chippie
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chippie
date_saved: 2026-05-05T07:42:14.391727+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: chippie-20260505-0
summary:
Chippie (hr2-Computermagazin) was a German radio program. It was one of the first programs on computer topics, produced by the Hessischer Rundfunk (Hessian Broadcasting). == History == Chippie started in 1990. At first it was broadcast together with the youth magazine Radio unfrisiert, who won the Civis media prize that year. Later it got its own one-hour slot. The show was hosted by Claudia Bultje and Patrick Conley. Topics on the program were, for example: "Computer in Theater, Opera and Rock Concert" (2 May 1992), "Computer and Money" (5 September 1992), "Computers and Sex" (24 October 1992) and "Data Networks" (2 July 1994). The first computer magazine in German radio was Bit, byte, gebissen (BR, 1985). Today well-known programs are the Chaosradio (RBB) and Matrix (ORF). == References == (in German) Barbara Krebs: "Chippie – das Computermagazin". In: PCpur & TEST Magazin, Vol. 5, No. 3 (March 1992): p. 154. == External links == (in German) Game Boy & Co. Interview mit Chippie-Moderator Patrick Conley (hr3, 24. November 1991)


