# kb

id: korean-sociological-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Sociological_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: Korean Sociological Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Sociological_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:56.190133+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: korean-sociological-association-20260505-0
summary:
The Korean Sociological Association is South Korea's national academic organization for sociologists and those researching the related social sciences. It was founded in 1956 and has been publishing the Korean Journal of Sociology since 1964. In addition it organises annual symposia and workshops and hosts biannual nationwide conventions as well as quarterly seminars, and various occasional workshops. It is one of the larger of Korea's academic organizations with over 800 members. The role of the KSA in the development of Korean sociology is discussed by Park Myoung-Kyu and Chang Kyung-Sup (1999). In particular its role in permitting "the values and norms of scientific research to be articulated, shared and controlled". They also note the key role played by the KSA in debates about the need for relevance and indigenization. == References == == External links == Official website (In Korean)


id: laboratory-of-tree-ring-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_of_Tree-Ring_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_of_Tree-Ring_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:57.374788+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: laboratory-of-tree-ring-research-20260505-0
summary:
The Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research (LTRR) was established in 1937 by A.E. Douglass, founder of the modern science of dendrochronology. The LTRR is a research unit in the College of Science at the University of Arizona in Tucson. Since its founding, visiting scholars and faculty at the lab have done notable work in the areas of climate change, fire history, ecology, archeology and hydrology. == References == == External links == Official website Kaib, Mark (Winter 1999). "Enlightenment in Burnt Forests - Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research". Whole Earth. Archived from the original on August 18, 2010. Retrieved June 24, 2011.


id: leiden-bio-science-park-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiden_Bio_Science_Park-0.md
category: reference
title: Leiden Bio Science Park
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiden_Bio_Science_Park
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:58.543381+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: leiden-bio-science-park-20260505-0
summary:
The Leiden Bio Science Park (LBSP) is the largest life sciences cluster in the Netherlands and ranks in the top five of the most successful science parks in Europe. It is part of Leiden and Oegstgeest and focuses on companies and universities in the Biotechnology sector. The park comprises 110 hectares (270 acres) with over 215 organisations, including 150 Life Sciences & Health companies. The park is located mostly in Leiden and lies between Wassenaarseweg on the north and the Plesmanlaan on the south. The park focuses mostly on the use of biotechnology for medical and biopharmaceutical applications. == History == The LBSP was founded in 1984 in the Leeuwenhoek area west of Leiden Central Station, between the Faculty of Science of the Leiden University and the former Academic Medical Hospital Leiden, now known as the Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC). The municipality decided that this area should primarily be focused on biotechnology. In 2005, the foundation Leiden Life meets Science was founded by the Leiden University, the municipality Leiden, the LUMC, the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Chamber of Commerce, the province South Holland, the University of Applied Sciences Leiden, and the ROC


id: linnaean-society-of-new-york-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaean_Society_of_New_York-0.md
category: reference
title: Linnaean Society of New York
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaean_Society_of_New_York
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:38:59.744200+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: linnaean-society-of-new-york-20260505-0
summary:
The Linnaean Society of New York (LSNY) was established in 1878, in the city of New York, United States, by a group of amateurs interested in natural science, especially ornithology. The founding members included H.P. Bailey, Eugene P. Bicknell, Ernest Ingersoll, Clinton Hart Merriam and John Burroughs. == References == == External links == Official website


id: lithoprobe-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithoprobe-0.md
category: reference
title: Lithoprobe
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithoprobe
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:00.942249+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: lithoprobe-20260505-0
summary:
Lithoprobe was a Canadian national geoscience research project funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council from 1984 to 2005, and one of the largest geoscientific research programs in Canadian history. The project aimed to research and map the lithosphere structure and composition, and its findings were used by scientists as well as petroleum and mining companies. By the end of the project, Lithoprobe had employed more than 1,000 scientists. The name "Lithoprobe" is derived from "probing the lithosphere". The project used 20-tonne trucks, called vibroseis trucks and nicknamed "dancing elephants," that forced seismic waves beneath the Earth to generate geological and historical data, allowing researchers to glean information from at least 80 kilometers beneath the Earth's surface. == History == The concept of Lithoprobe was proposed at a 1981 meeting sponsored by Canada's Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, and the project itself launched in 1984. It was jointly funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and the Geological Survey of Canada. == Notable contributors == Charlotte E. Keen Richard Lee Armstrong Ronald M. Clowes, Director (1987) Hu Gabrielse Thomas Edvard Krogh (1991–1996) James Monger John Oliver Wheeler, lobbied for establishment of the project, chairman of


id: louis-jeantet-foundation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Jeantet_Foundation-0.md
category: reference
title: Louis-Jeantet Foundation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Jeantet_Foundation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:02.092772+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: louis-jeantet-foundation-20260505-0
summary:
The Louis-Jeantet Foundation was set up in Geneva in 1982 according to the wish of the Geneva-resident French businessman Louis Jeantet, having been endowed with his fortune upon his death from cancer in 1981. The Foundation commenced activities in 1983. It funds the Louis-Jeantet Prize, and a number of professorships at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva. Inspired from the luxurious Italian houses and built in the early XXth century, the Louis-Jeantet Villa is part of the architectural heritage of the Geneva landscape. Classified as an historic building in 1983, the Villa was abandoned for a long period of time before the Louis-Jeantet Foundation decided to establish its headquarters in this unique place and to totally restore the Villa.Located in the residential area of Florissant, the Louis-Jeantet Centre opened its doors in 1998. The Centre offers both the distinction of a patrician Neo-renaissance residence and the sobriety of a contemporary Auditorium. The grounds of Geneva's Fondation Louis-Jeantet contain a 15 by 15 sq. m. courtyard within a sunken hortus conclusus (i.e. an enclosed garden) with an area of about 1300 sq. m. In 1904 Aimée Wexel, princess Franceschi, commissioned the so-called « Helios » villa, built in


id: luria-neuroscience-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luria_Neuroscience_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Luria Neuroscience Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luria_Neuroscience_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:03.277790+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: luria-neuroscience-institute-20260505-0
summary:
Luria Neuroscience Institute (LNI) and its not-for-profit arm Luria Scientific Foundation (LNF) were founded in 2011 with the broad purpose of advancing research in cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology, and disseminating knowledge in these areas. Fostering international scientific and educational collaborations is among LNI's priorities. The Institute has been named in honor of Alexander Luria, one of the founding fathers of modern neuropsychology as a scientific discipline. LNI is based in New York City and is directed by Elkhonon Goldberg, a student and close associate of Alexander Luria. == Research activities == LNI has supported and continues to support a number of research collaborations in the areas of cognitive and clinical neurosciences. These include the function and dysfunction of the frontal lobes, cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease, shared genetic/epigenetic causation of psychiatric disorders and dementias, and others. In keeping with the LNI's priorities, these collaborations involve scientists both in leading North American and European universities. == Educational activities == Luria Neuroscience Institute is offering several neuropsychology courses about the brain and brain disorders of potential interest both to the mental health professionals and the general educated public. The programs are offered in New York City. == References == == External links


id: masurian-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masurian_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Masurian Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masurian_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:04.493813+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: masurian-institute-20260505-0
summary:
The Masurian Institute (Polish: Instytut Mazurski) in Olsztyn was a scientific research body established in 1943 during World War II in German-occupied Poland in Radość near Warsaw by the underground Masurian Union (Związek Mazurski). In 1945 the headquarters moved to Olsztyn, the main city of the Masurian movement. Its purpose was to undertake all kinds of research relating to the regions of Warmia and Masuria. Its main publication, which still continues, is the quarterly Komunikaty Warmińsko-Mazurskie, considered by the State Committee for Scientific Research to be one of the most important Polish historical journals. In 1948 the Masurian Institute became the scientific branch of the Western Institute in Poznań, and since 1953 part of the Polish Historical Society. In 1961 the Fundacja Naukowa im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego (Wojciech Kętrzyński Scientific Foundation) was established in Olsztyn and took over some of the resources and staff of the Masurian Institute. In 1963 the organisation changed its name to the Ośrodek Badań Naukowych im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie (Wojciech Kętrzyński Scientific Research Centre in Olsztyn), now the Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego (Wojciech Kętrzyński Northern Institute). == References == == Further reading == Sukertowa-Biedrawina, Emilia: "Działalność Instytutu Mazurskiego w Olsztynie" in Kalendarz dla Warmii


id: max-planck-institute-for-behavioral-physiology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Behavioral_Physiology-0.md
category: reference
title: Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Behavioral_Physiology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:05.692306+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: max-planck-institute-for-behavioral-physiology-20260505-0
summary:
The former Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology was located in Bulldern, Westphalia, Germany, moved to Seewiesen in 1957. It was one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max Planck Gesellschaft). == Background == A working group was founded in 1954 by Erich von Holst (Max Planck Institute for Oceanic biology, Wilhelmshaven) and Konrad Lorenz. In 1958 it moved into new buildings in Seewiesen. After working from 1951 to 1965, Irenaeus Eibl-Eibesfeldt became director of the institute in 1975. It became an independent institute 1987. In 1997 the Max Planck Society was required to cut its budget and four institutes, including the Behavioral Physiology unit, were chosen for closure, reportedly because their directors were nearing retirement and not due to any failures in scientific research. A part of it survived as the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology. == Famous scientists == Erich von Holst Irenaeus Eibl-Eibesfeldt Horst Mittelstaedt == References == == External links == Homepage of the institute


id: max-planck-institute-for-comparative-and-international-private-law-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Comparative_and_International_Private_Law-0.md
category: reference
title: Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Comparative_and_International_Private_Law
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:06.847848+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: max-planck-institute-for-comparative-and-international-private-law-20260505-0
summary:
The Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law (Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht, MPIPRIV) is a legal research institute located in Hamburg, Germany. It is operated by the Max Planck Society. Founded in 1949, it is the successor institution of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Foreign and International Private Law, which was founded in 1926. Since 1956 it has been based in Hamburg's district of Rotherbaum. The institute is part of the research network Max Planck Law. == See also == Max Planck Society University of Hamburg Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law == References ==


id: max-planck-institute-for-dynamics-of-complex-technical-systems-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Dynamics_of_Complex_Technical_Systems-0.md
category: reference
title: Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Dynamics_of_Complex_Technical_Systems
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:08.079622+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: max-planck-institute-for-dynamics-of-complex-technical-systems-20260505-0
summary:
The Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems is a German engineering research institute in Magdeburg, focusing on dynamics. The institute was founded in 1996 and belongs to the Max Planck Society. The founding director was Ernst Dieter Gilles. Currently, the institute has four research department along with several research groups and is housed in a building designed by Henn GmbH. The institute currently consists of the following four departments: Bioprocess Engineering (headed by Udo Reichl) Computational Methods in Systems and Control Theory (headed by Peter Benner) Physical and Chemical Foundations of Process Engineering (headed by Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern) Process Systems Engineering (headed by Kai Sundmacher) == References == == External links == Official website


id: max-planck-institute-for-human-cognitive-and-brain-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Human_Cognitive_and_Brain_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Human_Cognitive_and_Brain_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:09.229660+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: max-planck-institute-for-human-cognitive-and-brain-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
The Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences is located in Leipzig, Germany. The institute was founded in 2004 by a merger between the former Max Planck Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience in Leipzig and the Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research in Munich. It is one of 86 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max Planck Gesellschaft). Research at the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences revolves around human cognitive abilities and cerebral processes, with a focus on the neural basis of brain functions like language, emotions and human social behaviour, music and action. == Departments == Neuropsychology - Director: Professor Angela D. Friederici Neurology - Director: Professor Arno Villringer Neurophysics - Director: Professor Nikolaus Weiskopf Psychology - Director: Professor Christian Doeller == Former Departments == Social Neuroscience - Director: Professor Tania Singer Neurophysics - Director: Professor Robert Turner Psychology - Director: Professor Wolfgang Prinz Cognitive Neurology - Director: Professor D. Yves von Cramon == References == == External links == Homepage of the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences


id: max-planck-institute-for-meteorology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Meteorology-0.md
category: reference
title: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Meteorology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:10.385345+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: max-planck-institute-for-meteorology-20260505-0
summary:
The Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie; MPI-M) is an internationally renowned institute for climate research. Its mission is to understand Earth's changing climate. Founded in 1975, it is affiliated with the Max Planck Society and the University of Hamburg, and is based in Hamburg's district of Eimsbüttel. Its founding director was the Nobel laureate Klaus Hasselmann. The current managing director is Jochem Marotzke. == Organization and Research == The MPI-M comprises three departments and hosts independent research groups. They also conduct work with national and international partners. Departments: Climate Physics – investigates how water in the atmosphere, on the land surface, and as exchanged with the ocean, influences Earth’s climate, and its response to perturbations Climate Dynamics – aims to understand global climate dynamics with a focus on exploring the mechanisms that govern large-scale climate change patterns across various regions Climate Variability – investigates the role of the ocean in climate variability and climate change on all timescales from hours to millennia Independent research groups: Multiscale Cloud Physics (Lise Meitner Research Group) Climate Vegetation Dynamics Environmental Modeling Cooperative Work: the German national weather service CMIP6 Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Grand Ensemble == International Max Planck Research


id: max-planck-institute-for-molecular-genetics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Molecular_Genetics-0.md
category: reference
title: Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Molecular_Genetics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:12.352502+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: max-planck-institute-for-molecular-genetics-20260505-0
summary:
The Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG) is a research institute for molecular genetics based in Berlin, Germany. It is part of the Max Planck Institute network of the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science. == Departments and research groups == Department of Developmental Genetics (Bernhard Herrmann) Department of Genome Regulation (Alexander Meissner) Genome Regulation Group (Alexander Meissner) Stem Cell Chromatin Group (Aydan Bulut-Karslioglu) Lab for Human Brain & Neural Stem Cell Studies (Yechiel Elkabetz) Precision Gene Control group (Denes Hnisz) Cellular Phenotyping Group (Franz-Josef Müller) Department of Computational Molecular Biology (Martin Vingron) Transcriptional Regulation Group (Martin Vingron) Mechanisms of Transcriptional Regulation Group (Sebastiaan H. Meijsing) Chromatin Structure and Function Group (Sarah Kinkley) Bioinformatics Group (Ralf Herwig) Research Group Evolutionary Genomics (Peter Arndt) Otto Warburg Laboratories Quantitative RNA Biology (Tugce Aktas) Epigenomics (Ho-Ryun Chung) RNA Bioinformatics (Annalisa Marsico) Nascent Transcription & Cell Differentiation (Andreas Mayer) Regulatory Networks in Stem Cells (Edda Schulz) Gene Regulation & System Biology of Cancer (Marie-Laure Yaspo) Cell Signaling Dynamics (Zhike Zi) Efficient Algorithms for Omics Data (Knut Reinert) Scientific Services Flow Cytometry Facility (Claudia Giesecke-Thiel) Mass Spectrometry Facility (David Meierhofer) Microscopy & Cryo-Electron Microscopy Unit (Thorsten Mielke) Sequencing Core Facility (Bernd Timmermann)


id: max-planck-institute-for-multidisciplinary-sciences-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Multidisciplinary_Sciences-0.md
category: reference
title: Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Multidisciplinary_Sciences
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:14.153339+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: max-planck-institute-for-multidisciplinary-sciences-20260505-0
summary:
Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences (German: Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften) is a research institute of the Max Planck Society, located in Göttingen, Germany. It was formed on January 1, 2022, through a merger of Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry and Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine. == See also == List of Max Planck Institutes == References == == External links == Official website (in English)


id: max-planck-institute-for-psychological-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Psychological_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Psychological_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:15.309203+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: max-planck-institute-for-psychological-research-20260505-0
summary:
The Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research was a research institute of the Max Planck Society formerly located in Munich in Germany. Founded in 1981, the institute included the following units: Behavioral and Cognitive Development (formerly Development Psychology) under the direction of Prof. Dr. Franz E. Weinert Motivational Psychology under the direction of Prof. Dr. Heinz Heckhausen Intention and Action under the direction of Dr. Peter Gollwitzer Cognition and Action under Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Prinz Adaptive Behavior and Cognition under Prof. Dr. Gerd Gigerenzer, which moved in 1997 to the Max Planck Institute for Human Development In 2004, the Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research merged with the Max Planck Institute for Neuropsychological Research to become the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Leipzig, Germany. The Munich site of the institute was officially closed on September 30, 2006. == References == == External links == Homepage of the Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research (not updated after 2001) German Homepage of the Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research (including the closing of the institute in 2004 and 2006)


id: max-planck-institute-for-social-anthropology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Social_Anthropology-0.md
category: reference
title: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Social_Anthropology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:16.539835+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: max-planck-institute-for-social-anthropology-20260505-0
summary:
The Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology (German: Max-Planck-Institut für ethnologische Forschung) is a scientific research institute founded in 1999 in Halle, Germany. It is one of the institutes of the Max Planck Society. == Organization == The institute consists of three departments and several independent research groups. === Law and Anthropology === Headed by Prof. Dr. Marie-Claire Foblets, the Department of Law and Anthropology was established in 2012 to focus on the effects of societies and cultures towards law and politics and vice versa. This department also carefully looks how scholars of this specific discipline can and should take responsibility for implications surrounding the interplay of these societal factors. === Anthropology of Politics and Governance === Headed by Prof. Dr. Ursula Rao, the Department of Anthropology of Politics and Governance brings together a group of successful scholars undertaking research in form of in-depth case studies in Asia, Africa and Europe about the tactics, strategies, and motivations that shape political action in times of perceived crisis to study programmes and initiatives that aim to shape the future by proposing new ways of managing complexity and caring for relations in a more-than-human world. === Anthropology of Economic Experimentation === Headed by


id: max-planck-institute-for-the-history-of-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_History_of_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_History_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:17.774927+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: max-planck-institute-for-the-history-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
The Max Planck Institute for the History of Science (German: Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte) is a scientific research institute founded in March 1994. The Institute is one of the more than 80 research institutes of the Max Planck Society. Since its inception, the Institute has continually expanded the boundaries of the field of the history of science—critically interrogating basic concepts, bringing multiple disciplines into dialog, and experimenting with novel research methods.. == Organization and Research == The MPIWG comprises three departments and several independent research groups. As of August 2024, two departments are filled: "Knowledge Systems and Collective Life," directed by Etienne Benson "Artifacts, Action, Knowledge," directed by Dagmar Schäfer Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, who headed Department III from 1995 to 2014, and Lorraine Daston, who headed Department II from 1995 to 2019, remain at the MPIWG as emerita. Jürgen Renn headed the department "Structural Changes in Systems of Knowledge" from 1994 to 2023. The Research Groups are: "Astral Sciences in Trans-Regional Asia (ASTRA)," led by Anuj Misra. "China in the Global System of Science," led by Anna L. Ahlers "Experience in the Premodern Sciences of Soul & Body ca. 800–1650," led by Katja Krause The Institute also hosts an International Max Planck


id: max-planck-institute-for-the-study-of-societies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Societies-0.md
category: reference
title: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Societies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:18.961016+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: max-planck-institute-for-the-study-of-societies-20260505-0
summary:
The Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies (German: Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung, MPIfG) is a German social-science research institute within the Max Planck Society located in Cologne. Established in 1985, it was initially headed by sociologist Renate Mayntz (1985/86), followed by political scientist Fritz W. Scharpf (1986–2003), both of whom exerted a profound influence on the institute's research and public image. The institute is currently directed by Lucio Baccaro and Jens Beckert with 31 employees and around 20 doctoral and post-doctoral fellows. The research group leaders are Martin Höpner and Leon Wansleben. Wolfgang Streeck became director of the institute in 1995 and remained in this position until his retirement in 2014, becoming emeritus director. == References == == External links == mpifg.de, English site


id: max-planck-research-unit-for-enzymology-of-protein-folding-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Research_Unit_for_Enzymology_of_Protein_Folding-0.md
category: reference
title: Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Research_Unit_for_Enzymology_of_Protein_Folding
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:20.119200+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: max-planck-research-unit-for-enzymology-of-protein-folding-20260505-0
summary:
The Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding was located in Halle (Saale), Germany. It was founded in 1996 and closed 31 December 2012. It was one of 80 institute in the Max Planck Society (Max Planck Gesellschaft). == External links == Official site MPI at the Library of Congress Web Archives (archived 2009-05-21)


id: mexican-petroleum-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_Petroleum_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Mexican Petroleum Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_Petroleum_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:21.315951+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: mexican-petroleum-institute-20260505-0
summary:
The Mexican Petroleum Institute (in Spanish: Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, IMP) is a public research organization dedicated to developing technical solutions, conducting basic and applied research and providing specialized training to Pemex, the state-owned government-granted monopoly in Mexico's petroleum industry. The Institute was founded on 23 August 1965 by federal decree and is based in Mexico City. Despite facing significant budget constraints in recent years and being accused of depending excessively on foreign technology by noted physicist Leopoldo García-Colín, it was the leading patent applicant among Mexican institutions in 2005 and houses one of the most advanced microscopes on the planet. == Noted researchers == Leopoldo García-Colín: physicist laureated with the 1988 National Prize for Arts and Sciences. Luis E. Miramontes: co-inventor of the first oral contraceptive. Laureated with the National Prize on Chemistry "Andrés Manuel del Rio" in 1986. Octavio Novaro: recipient of the 1993 UNESCO Science Prize for his contributions to understanding catalysis phenomena. Alexander Balankin: physicist laureated with the 2002 National Prize for Arts and Sciences and recipient of the 2005 UNESCO Science Prize for his remarkable ability to relate his research in fractal mechanics to technological applications that has provided great benefits to Mexico and worldwide.


id: michigan-tech-research-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Tech_Research_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: Michigan Tech Research Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Tech_Research_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:22.478594+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: michigan-tech-research-institute-20260505-0
summary:
The Michigan Tech Research Institute (MTRI) is a research center of Michigan Technological University located in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The institute specializes in advancing the state of the art in remote sensing and information technology for a variety of applications. MTRI has its heritage in the branch of the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) that remained not-for-profit and developed into the Altarum Institute after ERIM's organization was divided by a corporate takeover in the late 1990s. It became part of Michigan Tech in 2006 and includes research programs related to national security, protecting and evaluating critical infrastructure, bioinformatics, earth sciences, and environmental processes, including transportation. == References == == External links == Michigan Tech Research Institute−MTRI website ERIM Corporate History


id: middle-east-society-for-organ-transplantation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_Society_for_Organ_Transplantation-0.md
category: reference
title: Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_Society_for_Organ_Transplantation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:23.886925+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: middle-east-society-for-organ-transplantation-20260505-0
summary:
The Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation (MESOT) is an organization that promotes developments in the field of organ transplantation between medical centers in Middle Eastern, North African and some neighbouring Asian countries. It was founded in Turkey by Mehmet A. Haberal in 1987 and there are more than 29 countries that have membership covering a population of more than 600 million. With the aim of preventing transplant tourism and promoting ethical standards in organ transplantation, MESOT organizes meetings and annual conferences on the improvement of transplantation practices in the Asian region. Its official journal is the Experimental and Clinical Transplantation. == Past presidents == === 2010-2020 === == References ==


id: midwestern-universities-research-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwestern_Universities_Research_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: Midwestern Universities Research Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwestern_Universities_Research_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:25.065635+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: midwestern-universities-research-association-20260505-0
summary:
The Midwestern Universities Research Association (MURA) was a consortium of 15 universities formed to design and build a particle accelerator in the Midwestern United States. Active from 1953 to 1967, the association ultimately did not achieve its goal and lost funding. It is believed that President John F. Kennedy would have supported the MURA project, whereas one of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s first actions was to shut down the MURA machine and laboratory. In its early years, Donald Kerst served as director of MURA. At the institution, Keith Symon independently invented the FFAG accelerator, alongside Tihiro Ohkawa. This design combined principles from both cyclotrons and synchrotrons. FFAG concepts were extensively developed at MURA. The proposed accelerators were scaling FFAG synchrotrons, meaning that particle orbits at different momenta were geometrically similar—essentially scaled versions of each other. The concept of FFAG acceleration was revived in the early 1980s and continues to attract interest today—for example, in projects such as EMMA (accelerator). == References == == Further reading == F. Cole. O Camelot. Supplement to Proc. 16th Intl. Conf. on Cyclotrons and their Applications (Cyclotrons 2001) This paper was published posthumously. Jones, L.; Mills, F.; Sessler, A.; Symon, K.; Young, D. (2010). Innovation


id: monte-l-bean-life-science-museum-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_L._Bean_Life_Science_Museum-0.md
category: reference
title: Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_L._Bean_Life_Science_Museum
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:26.273083+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: monte-l-bean-life-science-museum-20260505-0
summary:
The Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum is a natural history museum housed at Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah, United States. == Description == The museum is named for Monte Lafayette Bean, a self-made Seattle-based magnate who entirely funded and paid for the building's construction. He also donated many of his own animal trophies to the collection. The Bean Museum opened on March 28, 1978, and is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums. It maintains collections of vascular and non-vascular plants, and invertebrate and vertebrate animals. Before 1978, it was known as the BYU Life Sciences Museum and did not have its own building. The Bean Museum now houses the Liger Shasta who lived at the Hogle Zoo from when she was born on May 6, 1948, till when she died, on July 12, 1972. Admission to the three-story museum is free of charge and over 100,000 unique visitors come to see the over 2 million specimens of insects, plants, reptiles, fish, shells, and birds. == References == == External links == Official website M.L. Bean Museum records, MSS 1132 at L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Brigham Young University Wilmer W. Tanner papers, including the records regarding


id: municipal-services-standards-committee-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_Services_Standards_Committee-0.md
category: reference
title: Municipal Services Standards Committee
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_Services_Standards_Committee
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:27.466868+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: municipal-services-standards-committee-20260505-0
summary:
The Municipal Services Standards Committee (NKT) of the German Institute for Standardization (DIN) is responsible for standardisation in the field of waste management and city cleaning. It chairs a number of European standardisation committees (CEN) and it issues specifications on technical and logistical aspects in waste handling, road cleaning, highway maintenance and winter service. == Organization == The full title is "Normenausschuss Kommunale Technik" (standards committee on municipal engineering) "im DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V" (in the DIN German institute for standardisation). The NKT was founded on 26. November 1968 in Frankfurt on the initiative of the municipal authority associations like the "VKS im VKU" (full title "Verband kommunaler Abfallwirtschaft und Stadtreinigung" / association on municipal waste management and city cleaning) and the "BDE" (full title "Bundesverband der Deutschen Entsorgungs-, Wasser- und Rohstoffwirtschaft" / federal association of German waste management, water management and natural resources). The current organization is substructured in five departements (Fachbereich 1 „Grundlagen“ - basics; Fachbereich 2 „Behälter“ - containers; Fachbereich 3 „Fahrzeuge“ - vehicles; Fachbereich 4 „Anlagen“ - facilities; Fachbereich 5 „EDV“ - electronic data processing) running 29 projects. There are 106 national standards and 9 recommendations created by the NKT. The NKT is


id: national-agricultural-research-centre-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Agricultural_Research_Centre-0.md
category: reference
title: National Agricultural Research Centre
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Agricultural_Research_Centre
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:28.642269+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: national-agricultural-research-centre-20260505-0
summary:
National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) (Urdu: قومی مرکز برائے تحقیقِ زراعت) is a research institution of the Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) based in Islamabad, Pakistan. It works in collaboration with Ministry of National Food Security and Research. == Research institutes == Crop Sciences Institute (CSI) Horticulture Research Institute (HRI) Agricultural Engineering Institute (AEI) Honeybee Research Institute (HBRI), started by Rafiq Ahmad Social Sciences Research Institute (SSRI) Institute of Plant & Environmental Protection (IPEP) Food Sciences Research Institute (FSRI) Land Resources Research Institute (LRRI) Animal Sciences Institute (ASI) Crops Diseases Research Institute (CDRI) Climate Energy & Water Research Institute (CEWRI) Bio Resources Conservation Institute (BCI) National Institute of Genomics & Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB) Rangeland Research Institute (RRI) == Events == In 2015, Chief Justice of Pakistan intervened and took notice on a land issue that involved converting land owned by National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) into a residential housing society scheme. In October 2019, World Food Day was observed at an event at the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) in Islamabad. This event was organized by the United Nations Food & Agriculture Organization, Pakistan's Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) and the World Food


id: national-council-for-scientific-and-technological-development-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Council_for_Scientific_and_Technological_Development-0.md
category: reference
title: National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Council_for_Scientific_and_Technological_Development
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:29.851848+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: national-council-for-scientific-and-technological-development-20260505-0
summary:
The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Portuguese: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, earlier Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas) is a government agency under the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Brazilian federal government. The council is dedicated to the promotion of scientific and technological research and to the formation of human resources for research in the country. == Background == The main attributes that the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) see towards is the national development of Brazilian researchers and institutes, while developing recognition it wants on a global scale. The CNPq was started in 1951, and has a leading role in conducting and formulating research about technology, science and also innovation on current topics such as artificial intelligence and others. The goal of the CNPq is to promote science, technology and innovation and act in the formulation of their policies which thereby will lead to taking the frontier in knowledge, national sovereignty and sustainable development. By doing this, they are on the road to being recognized for their excellence and development not only in these elements but for the country as a whole. == See also == CAPES (Brazil) Lattes Platform


id: national-environmental-research-institute-of-denmark-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Environmental_Research_Institute_of_Denmark-0.md
category: reference
title: National Environmental Research Institute of Denmark
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Environmental_Research_Institute_of_Denmark
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:31.018528+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: national-environmental-research-institute-of-denmark-20260505-0
summary:
The National Environmental Research Institute of Denmark, abbreviated NERI, (Danish: Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser, abbreviated DMU) was an independent research institute under the Ministry of the Environment. It was created in 1989 by merging the existing laboratories of the Environmental Protection Agency, which covered marine, freshwater and air pollution, soil ecology and analytical chemistry, with the Danish Wildlife Research, under the Ministry of Agriculture. The laboratories were physically located on Risø, in Silkeborg and on Kalø, north of Aarhus. In 1995, Greenland Biological Research laboratory was added. The research institute was detached from the ministry in 2007 and merged into Aarhus University as a separate unit with largely unchanged tasks and responsibilities. On 1 July 2011, it was reorganized, renamed and lost status as a separate entity. The research departments were divided between the Department of Bioscience and the Department of Environmental Science, while the secretariat and coordination of consultancy services to the Ministry of Environment was placed in the Danish Centre for Environment and Energy (abbreviated DCE). The institute participated in a large number of national and international research programmes, and also in scientific working groups, commissions, and organizations under such bodies as the European Union and the United Nations. It


id: national-foundation-of-science-and-advanced-technologies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Foundation_of_Science_and_Advanced_Technologies-0.md
category: reference
title: National Foundation of Science and Advanced Technologies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Foundation_of_Science_and_Advanced_Technologies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:32.123184+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: national-foundation-of-science-and-advanced-technologies-20260505-0
summary:
The National Foundation of Science and Advanced Technologies (NFSAT) (Armenian: Գիտության և առաջադեմ տեխնոլոգիաների ազգային հիմնադրամ, romanized: Gitut’yan yev arrajadem tekhnologianeri azgayin himnadram) is an Armenian non-profit, voluntary organization established in 1997 by legislation. Its mission is to develop the scientific and engineering potential of Armenia. The headquarters of the federation is located in Yerevan. == Objectives == NFSAT's mission is to promote scientific research and technological development in various fields within conformity with international standards, as well as to provide financial and technological support for scientific research and project development. The foundation has several grants which are available for Armenian scientists and engineers. == See also == Science and technology in Armenia == External links == Official website National Foundation of Science and Advanced Technologies on Facebook


id: national-information-processing-institute-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Information_Processing_Institute-0.md
category: reference
title: National Information Processing Institute
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Information_Processing_Institute
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:33.286329+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: national-information-processing-institute-20260505-0
summary:
National Information Processing Institute (OPI PIB) is a modern centre for information technology, artificial intelligence, and data analysis based in Warsaw, Poland. The institute supports the implementation of Polish government policy in science and higher education, and contributes to the construction of an innovative, knowledge-based economy. == Scope of Activities == OPI PIB supports the development of Polish science and higher education by providing advanced digital tools, conducting reliable research and analysis, and fostering the development of research infrastructure. The Institute’s experts conduct research technical IT and communication, as well as in social sciences. OPI PIB develops modern software primarily for the science and higher education sector. Integrating technology with the data that the institute processes enables more effective management of the sector and helps align education offerings with labour market demand and student expectations. OPI PIB also creates innovative solutions using artificial intelligence and is actively involved in the development of digital medicine. It is one of the leading centres in the development of cutting-edge AI-based solutions. Its tools are recognised not only in Poland, but also in other EU member states. The Institute’s experts prepare comprehensive reports and analyses in business analytics, the sociology of science, and scientometrics.


id: national-institute-for-nanotechnology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Nanotechnology-0.md
category: reference
title: National Institute for Nanotechnology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Nanotechnology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:34.505699+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: national-institute-for-nanotechnology-20260505-0
summary:
The National Research Council of Canada Nanotechnology Research Centre (formerly National Institute for Nanotechnology) is a research institution located on the University of Alberta main campus, in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Its primary purpose is nanoscience research. The institute was established in 2001 as a partnership between the National Research Council of Canada, the University of Alberta, and the Government of Alberta. It is administered as an institute of the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), and governed by a board of trustees nominated by the partners. Its core funding comes from the Government of Canada and additional funding and research support comes from the university, Government of Alberta, and various federal and provincial funding agencies. In June 2006, the institute moved into its present 20,000 m2 (220,000 sq ft) facility, designed to be one of the world's largest buildings for nanotechnological research. There are at most two or three other facilities worldwide matching the new building in scale and capacity. In 2017, the institute became the Nanotechnology Research Centre, following a recognition of the institute as its own research centre. Although on the premises of the University of Alberta, the research centre is a branch of the National Research Council


id: national-institute-of-amazonian-research-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Amazonian_Research-0.md
category: reference
title: National Institute of Amazonian Research
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Amazonian_Research
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:35.694962+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: national-institute-of-amazonian-research-20260505-0
summary:
The National Institute of Amazonian Research (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia or INPA) is a public educational and research institution headquartered in Manaus, Brazil. It was founded in 1952, with the purpose of furthering scientific knowledge of the Brazilian Amazon Region. Most of INPA's research focuses on tropical forest management, ecology, molecular ecology, zoology, botany, tropical agriculture and tropical pisciculture. The institution also maintains important vertebrate, invertebrate, and vascular plants research collections. It also publishes the scientific journal Acta Amazônica. == Graduate programs == Graduate programs offered by INPA: Agriculture in the Humid Tropics (Masters and Doctorate) Botany (Masters and Doctorate) Ecology (Masters and Doctorate) Entomology (Masters and Doctorate) Tropical Forestry (Masters and Doctorate) Climate and Environmental Sciences (Masters and Doctorate) Genetics, Conservation and Evolutionary Biology (Masters and Doctorate) Freshwater Biology and Inland Fisheries (Masters and Doctorate) Aquaculture (Masters) Management of Protected Areas in the Amazon (Professional Masters) == See also == Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke == References == == External links == INPA - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia


id: national-institute-of-chemical-physics-and-biophysics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Chemical_Physics_and_Biophysics-0.md
category: reference
title: National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Chemical_Physics_and_Biophysics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:37.117041+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: national-institute-of-chemical-physics-and-biophysics-20260505-0
summary:
National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics (NICPB; Estonian Keemilise ja Bioloogilise Füüsika Instituut, or KBFI) is public non-profit research institute that carries out fundamental and applied research and engages in the development of the novel directions in material sciences, physics, chemistry, gene- and biotechnology, environmental technology, and computer science. in Estonia, Tallinn at the address Akadeemia tee 23. == References == == External links == Official website Keemilise ja Bioloogilise Füüsika Instituudi seadus. Riigi Teataja (RT I 1998, 101, 1664). Vastu võetud 29.10.1998


id: national-institute-of-neurosciences-hospital-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Neurosciences_&_Hospital-0.md
category: reference
title: National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Neurosciences_&_Hospital
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:38.309716+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: national-institute-of-neurosciences-hospital-20260505-0
summary:
National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital (NINS) is a state-run tertiary care institute in Bangladesh focused on neurological disorders. It is located at Agargaon in Dhaka. Bangladeshi neurologist Prof Quazi Deen Mohammad was the founding director of this institute. == History == Inaugurated by then Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, the institute started its journey in September 2012. == Administration == Director of NINS is the administrative chief of the institute. He is assisted by Joint Director, deputy director, assistant directors (Admin, Finance & Store). Administrative officers assist them in this task. == Hospital facilities == It is a 450-bed hospital. Its ten-story building has six modern operation theaters, a 16-bed ICU, a 12-bed HDU, a six-bed Recovery Unit, and a 12-bed post-operative room. The hospital is equipped with the most modern radiology and imaging department. It has a 24/7 emergency unit. == Hospital Services == There are a lot of Medical Technologist, So 24x7 diagnostic services (Blood, urine, ECG, CT Scan Etc.) are available. == Publications == Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh is the official journal of NINS. It's launched in 2015 and publisbed biannually. == References == == External links == Media related to National Institute of


id: national-science-and-technology-museum-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Science_and_Technology_Museum-0.md
category: reference
title: National Science and Technology Museum
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Science_and_Technology_Museum
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:39.506089+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: national-science-and-technology-museum-20260505-0
summary:
The National Science and Technology Museum (NSTM; traditional Chinese: 國立科學工藝博物館; simplified Chinese: 国立科学工艺博物馆; pinyin: Guólì Kēxué Gōngyì Bówùguǎn) is a museum of applied science and technology in Sanmin District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. == History == The museum was established in November 1997. == Architecture == The museum covers an area of 19 hectares on Chiuju Road in Sanmin District. The floor area covers 112,400 square meters and as a result claims to be the largest science museum in Asia. The architecture features geometric forms including triangles, rectangles, and circles, and the buildings are connected by straight bridges. == Transportation == The museum accessible via the Science and Technology Museum railway station of Taiwan Railway. == See also == List of museums in Taiwan == References == == External links == National Science and Technology Museum on Facebook


id: national-science-centre-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Science_Centre-0.md
category: reference
title: National Science Centre
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Science_Centre
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:40.699533+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: national-science-centre-20260505-0
summary:
The National Science Centre (Polish: Narodowe Centrum Nauki, often abbreviated NCN) is a governmental grant-making agency responsible for providing financial support for the conduct of basic science research in Poland and various programs to assist scientists throughout their careers. The NCN was founded in 2010, three years after the foundation of National Centre for Research and Development. Similar to National Science Foundation in the United States, NCN is the largest grant-making agency in Poland for fundamental research and basic science and collaborates with corresponding agencies worldwide. == Works == The central tasks of NCN include: financing: basic research carried out in the form of research projects, doctoral scholarships and post-doctoral fellowships, research projects for experienced scientists aiming at implementation of pioneering scientific research; international cooperation in the financing of basic research activities; dissemination of information about contests announced by the National Science Center; supervision over the implementation of the above-mentioned scientific research; inspiring and monitoring the financing of basic research with resources coming from outside the state budget; other tasks commissioned by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, including the development of research programs important for national culture. == Major Grants and Fellowships == The National Science Center finances


id: national-science-foundation-of-sri-lanka-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Science_Foundation_of_Sri_Lanka-0.md
category: reference
title: National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Science_Foundation_of_Sri_Lanka
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:41.852419+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: national-science-foundation-of-sri-lanka-20260505-0
summary:
The National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka (NSF) (Sinhala: ජාතික විද්‍යා පදනම, ශ්‍රී ලංකාව; Jāthika Vidyā Padanama, Śrī Laṅkāva) was established in 1998 as the successor to the Natural Resources Energy & Science Authority of Sri Lanka (NARESA) established in 1981 and the National Science Council set up in 1968. It was created by the Science and Technology Development Act, No. 11 of 1994. == Objectives == The objectives of the NSF are to initiate, facilitate and support basic and applied scientific research conducted by universities, science and technology institutions and scientists, with the aim to: strengthen scientific research potential, including research in the social sciences, and scientific education programmes. develop the natural resources of Sri Lanka. promote the welfare of the people of Sri Lanka. train research personnel in science and technology. == Divisions == The NSF has the following divisions: Research Division Technology Division Science & Technology Policy Research Division Science Popularisation Division International Liaison Division National Science Library & Resource Centre It also maintains the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka Digital Repository, a digital library and open access repository. === National Science Library and Resource Centre === National Science Library and Resource Centre (NSLRC) (Sinhala: ජාතික


id: national-time-service-center-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Time_Service_Center-0.md
category: reference
title: National Time Service Center
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Time_Service_Center
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:43.057429+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: national-time-service-center-20260505-0
summary:
The National Time Service Center (NTSC; Chinese: 国家授时中心) is a public institute under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, responsible for generating, maintaining, and broadcasting standard time in China. It is located in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. Its predecessor was the Shaanxi Astronomy Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which was established in 1966 and renamed the National Time Service Center in March 2001. The center is China's only statutory agency for issuing national standard time and frequency. NTSC includes short-wave (BPM) and long-wave (BPL) standard time and frequency radio stations. And in 2007, low-frequency (BPC) time signal station began trial broadcasting from Shangqiu. In October 2025, China's national security authorities released the technical investigation report on the series of major cyber attacks carried out by the National Security Agency of the United States against the National Time Service Center from March 2022 to July 2024. == References ==


id: natural-sciences-collections-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Sciences_Collections_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: Natural Sciences Collections Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Sciences_Collections_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:44.278030+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: natural-sciences-collections-association-20260505-0
summary:
The Natural Sciences Collections Association (NatSCA) is a United Kingdom based membership organisation and charitable organization (No.1098156) run by volunteers from the membership. NatSCA's mission is "to promote and support natural science collections, the institutions that house them and the people that work with them, in order to improve collections care, understanding, accessibility and enjoyment for all." The subject specialist network promotes research and exchange of ideas, advances in technical and ethical standards, and raises the public profile of the conservation and preservation of natural science collections and objects. The organisation describes their focus as: Community – developing an open, friendly and accessible network for sharing information, experience and skills. Support – facilitating the professional development of stakeholders in natural science collections. Standards – identifying and promoting good quality practice in the care and use of natural science collections. Promoting collections – increasing awareness of the scientific and cultural value of natural science collections. Advocacy – challenging neglect of collections and lobbying for the appropriate resourcing of collections for their care and sustainable use. == History == The Natural Sciences Collections Association was founded in April 2003 from the merger of Natural Sciences Conservation Group (NCSG) and Biological Curator's Group


id: navigational-aids-for-the-history-of-science-technology-and-the-environment-project-20260505-0
category: reference
title: Navigational Aids for the History of Science, Technology, and the Environment Project
tags: science, encyclopedia
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:45.413336+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: navigational-aids-for-the-history-of-science-technology-and-the-environment-project-20260505-0
file:
data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigational_Aids_for_the_History_of_Science,_Technology,_and_the_Environment_Project-0.md

summary:
The Navigational Aids for the History of Science, Technology, and the Environment Project (NAHSTE) was a research archives/manuscripts cataloguing project based at the University of Edinburgh. Following a proposal led by Arnott Wilson in 1999, the project received £261,755 funding from the Research Support Libraries Programme (RSLP) from 2000 until 2002. The project was designed to access a variety of outstanding collections of archives and manuscripts held at the three partner Higher Education Institutions (HEIs); the University of Edinburgh, University of Glasgow and Heriot-Watt University and to make them accessible on the Internet. The project additionally included linkages to related records held by non-HEI collaborators. Descriptions of the material conform to ISAD(G) (Second edition), whilst information about key individuals conform to ISAAR(CPF). Catalogues were tagged using the Encoded Archival Description XML standard. Although the project was completed in 2002, the resulting web service continues to be hosted at Edinburgh. == References == == External links == NAHSTE website - homepage with links to online collections.

source_url:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigational_Aids_for_the_History_of_Science,_Technology,_and_the_Environment_Project


id: network-of-african-science-academies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_of_African_Science_Academies-0.md
category: reference
title: Network of African Science Academies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_of_African_Science_Academies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:46.637733+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: network-of-african-science-academies-20260505-0
summary:
The Network of African Science Academies (NASAC) is a coalition of national science academies across Africa, established in December 2001. It serves as a platform for collaboration on scientific challenges, policy advice, and advancing research relevant to the continent. NASAC promotes evidence-based decision-making, training, and joint statements on issues like health, environment, and sustainable development. Headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya, it has grown to include 32 member academies and 7 affiliate members. Member academies are: African Academy of Sciences Académie Algérienne des Sciences et Technologies Académie Nationale des Sciences, Arts et Lettres du Benin Botswana Academy of Sciences L’Académie Nationale des Sciences, des Arts et des Lettres du Burkina Faso Burundi Academy of Sciences and Technology Cameroon Academy of Sciences Académie Nationale des Sciences et Technologies du Congo Congolese Academy of Sciences in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Egypt Kingdom of Eswatini Academy of Sciences Ethiopian Academy of Sciences Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences Académie des Sciences de Guinée Kenya National Academy of Sciences Madagascar's National Academy of Arts, Letters and Sciences Académie des Sciences du Mali Mauritius Academy of Science and Technology Hassan II Academy of Science and Technology in Morocco Academy


id: new-jersey-academy-of-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Academy_of_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: New Jersey Academy of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Academy_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:47.801566+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: new-jersey-academy-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
The New Jersey Academy of Science (NJAS) is a private, nonprofit society of scientists and others interested in science, with a membership of about 400 individuals in academia, government, and industry. The academy also includes college students who are pursuing both graduate and undergraduate degrees in the senior academy, as well as high school students in the junior academy. Founded in 1954, the NJAS is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and of the National Academy of Sciences and works with the New Jersey state government to stimulate education and scientific research throughout the state. The NJAS is headquartered at Kean University in Union, New Jersey. == References == == External links == Official website


id: new-york-mineralogical-club-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Mineralogical_Club-0.md
category: reference
title: New York Mineralogical Club
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Mineralogical_Club
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:48.943610+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: new-york-mineralogical-club-20260505-0
summary:
The New York Mineralogical Club, Inc. is the oldest continually-operating mineral club in the United States. The club was founded by George Frederick Kunz, Benjamin B. Chamberlin and Professor Daniel S. Martin, on September 21, 1886, in the home of Professor Daniel S. Martin at 236 West 4th Street, New York City. The club's collection of more than 700 mineral specimens from New York City is stored at the American Museum of Natural History and includes a large 6 inch (15 cm) almandine garnet called the Subway Garnet discovered in 1885. The New York Mineralogical Club is affiliated with the American Federation of Mineralogical Societies (AFMS, Organized 1947) and a member of the Eastern Federation of Mineralogical and Lapidary Societies, Inc. (EFMLS, Organized 1950). The club has EIN 35-2928901 as a 501(c)(3) Public Charity. == External links == History of the New York Mineralogical Club == References ==


id: nhs-research-scotland-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Research_Scotland-0.md
category: reference
title: NHS Research Scotland
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Research_Scotland
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:50.089976+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nhs-research-scotland-20260505-0
summary:
NHS Research Scotland (NRS, formerly Health Science Scotland and Scottish Academic Health Science Collaboration), is a government agency that supports clinical and translational research in Scotland. NRS is a partnership between 4 of Scotland's medical schools (Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dundee and Aberdeen), the Scottish NHS Boards and the Chief Scientist Office. NRS brings together the most senior figures from across Government, academia and the NHS. == References == == External links == Official website


id: nike-sport-research-lab-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike_Sport_Research_Lab-0.md
category: reference
title: Nike Sport Research Lab
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike_Sport_Research_Lab
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:51.309819+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nike-sport-research-lab-20260505-0
summary:
The Nike Sport Research Lab is a research and development institute located in Beaverton in the U.S. state of Oregon. Opened in 1980, the lab is owned by American apparel and footwear maker Nike. Commercials for the facility have featured famous NBA and PGA athletes talking positively about the products and the research behind them. == Details == The first Nike lab opened in 1980 in Exeter, New Hampshire. The 16,000-square-foot (1,500 m2) Sport Research Lab is located in the Mia Hamm building at the company's headquarters in Beaverton, Oregon. The Nike campus spans a total of 213 acres (9,300,000 sq ft) on the west side of the Portland metropolitan area. They deal with creating new footwear from athletic endeavors like track and field, golf, and basketball. Equipment at the lab include a mannequin constructed of copper, motion capture rooms, and environmental chambers, among others. The lab's facilities are also known as "the Kitchen" and "the Oven" (for most of their professional golf equipment). Nike Golf operates The Oven in Fort Worth, Texas, for developing golf clubs, while The Oven West in Oregon develops balls. Massotherapists are also employed within the facility. == References == == External links == Official


id: north-staffordshire-field-club-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Staffordshire_Field_Club-0.md
category: reference
title: North Staffordshire Field Club
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Staffordshire_Field_Club
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:52.477823+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: north-staffordshire-field-club-20260505-0
summary:
The North Staffordshire Field Club was an organisation founded in 1865 to study the natural history, geology, industrial history, folklore and local history of North Staffordshire, England. Its establishing president from 1865-70 was industrialist and banker James Bateman FRS. == History == The club was founded in 1865 at a meeting convened at the North Staffordshire Infirmary by W.D. Spanton, as the North Staffordshire Naturalists Field Club. It became the North Staffordshire Naturalists Field Club and Archaeological Society in 1877, and shortened its name to North Staffordshire Field Club in 1897. == Publications == The organisation produced its first printed book, Annual addresses, papers, etc. Author, North Staffordshire Field Club, in 1875, having previously published a short Annual Report for members. A history of the early years was published by R. Simms in 1886 as Coming of age of the North Staffordshire Naturalists' Field Club and Archaeological Society, 1865-1885: chronological history and bibliography of the Society. A further extensive history, including that of the various specialist sections, can be found in the Club's special 1916 Jubilee year publication. The annual Transactions were then titled North Staffordshire Field Club, Transactions and Annual Report (to 1960); this later became the North Staffordshire


id: nuclear-research-and-consultancy-group-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Research_and_Consultancy_Group-0.md
category: reference
title: Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Research_and_Consultancy_Group
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:53.690631+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: nuclear-research-and-consultancy-group-20260505-0
summary:
Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG) is a Dutch institute that performs nuclear research for the government and private companies. It is the most important producer of radionuclides, such as molybdenum-99, lutetium-177 and iridium-192, in Europe and maintains and operates the Petten nuclear reactor. The institute also offers services to medical, chemical, oil, and gas companies. == See also == Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands Institute for Energy (IE) EURATOM == References == == External links == NRG institute website


id: oak-ridge-institute-for-science-and-education-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oak_Ridge_Institute_for_Science_and_Education-0.md
category: reference
title: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oak_Ridge_Institute_for_Science_and_Education
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:54.865173+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: oak-ridge-institute-for-science-and-education-20260505-0
summary:
The Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) is an asset of the U.S. Department of Energy that provides expertise in STEM workforce development, scientific and technical reviews, and the evaluation of radiation exposure and environmental contamination. Located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, ORISE was established in 1992 to support DOE's mission by prepare the next generation of STEM professionals and by collaborating with the DOE Office of Science and other DOE programs, federal agencies, the scientific community, and industry to address scientific initiatives. == Overview == The ORISE mission is focused on five areas that support the U.S. Department of Energy's overall mission. Mission areas include recruiting and preparing the next generation of the United States scientific workforce; promoting sound scientific and technical investment decisions through independent peer reviews; facilitating and preparing for the medical management of radiation incidents around the world; evaluating health outcomes in individuals exposed to chemical and radiological hazards; and ensuring public confidence in environmental cleanup through independent environmental verification activities. The Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS) operates as a part of ORISE. REAC/TS provides emergency response and subject matter expertise on the medical management of radiation incidents for the National Nuclear Security Administration’s


id: oak-ridge-school-of-reactor-technology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oak_Ridge_School_of_Reactor_Technology-0.md
category: reference
title: Oak Ridge School of Reactor Technology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oak_Ridge_School_of_Reactor_Technology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:56.051312+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: oak-ridge-school-of-reactor-technology-20260505-0
summary:
Oak Ridge School of Reactor Technology (ORSORT) was the successor of the school known locally as the Clinch College of Nuclear Knowledge, later shorten to Clinch College. ORSORT was authorized and financed by the U.S. government and founded in 1950 by Admiral Hyman G. Rickover and Alvin Weinberg. During its existence, the school was the only educational venue in the U.S. from where a comprehensive twelve-month education and training in either "Reactor Hazards Analysis" or "Reactor Operations" could be obtained, with accompanying certificates. Funding ended and the school was closed in 1965, shortly after authorization was extended to select U.S. universities to develop their own Nuclear Engineering curricula. Housed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, this unique venue and its renowned instructors offered its students the highest level of education of practical applications of atomic energy available at the time, and first-hand exposure to a variety of nuclear reactor designs including the legendary first graphite reactor, pool reactor, high temperature gas reactor, molten salt reactor, fast reactor and high flux reactor. The school was made known first nationally and eventually worldwide to U.S. enterprises and to U.S. allies involved in the development of peaceful uses of atomic energy, and who


id: odontological-society-of-great-britain-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odontological_Society_of_Great_Britain-0.md
category: reference
title: Odontological Society of Great Britain
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odontological_Society_of_Great_Britain
date_saved: 2026-05-05T10:39:57.198654+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: odontological-society-of-great-britain-20260505-0
summary:
The Odontological Society of Great Britain was a learned society formed in 1863 by the merger of the Odontological Society of London and the College of Dentists of England, both of which had been founded within a day of each other in 1856. In 1907 it joined the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society and other specialist medical societies to form the Royal Society of Medicine. == References ==


