# kb

id: collaboration-and-teamwork-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
category: reference
title: Collaboration and teamwork - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:34.778242+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: collaboration-and-teamwork-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork-0.md

summary:
* [Skip to main content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork#content) * [Skip to search](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork#search) [ MDN ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/) HTML [HTML: Markup language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML) HTML reference * [Elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements) * [Global attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes) * [Attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference "See all HTML references") HTML guides * [Responsive images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Responsive_images) * [HTML cheatsheet](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Cheatsheet) * [Date & time formats](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Date_and_time_formats) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides "See all HTML guides") Markup languages * [SVG](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG) * [MathML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML) * [XML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/XML) CSS [CSS: Styling language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS) CSS reference * [Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties) * [Selectors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors) * [At-rules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules) * [Values](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Values) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference "See all CSS references") CSS guides * [Box model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Box_model/Introduction) * [Animations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Animations/Using) * [Flexbox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Flexible_box_layout/Basic_concepts) * [Colors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Colors/Applying_color) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides "See all CSS guides") Layout cookbook * [Column layouts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Column_layouts) * [Centering an element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Center_an_element) * [Card component](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Card) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook) JavaScriptJS [JavaScript: Scripting language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) JS reference * [Standard built-in objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects) * [Expressions & operators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) * [Statements & declarations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements) * [Functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference "See all JavaScript references") JS guides * [Control flow & error handing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Control_flow_and_error_handling) * [Loops and iteration](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Loops_and_iteration) * [Working with objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_objects) * [Using classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_classes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide "See all JavaScript guides") Web APIs [Web APIs: Programming interfaces](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API) Web API reference * [File system API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API) * [Fetch API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) * [Geolocation API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Geolocation_API) * [HTML DOM API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTML_DOM_API) * [Push API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Push_API) * [Service worker API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork


id: collaboration-and-teamwork-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-1
category: reference
title: Collaboration and teamwork - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:34.778242+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: collaboration-and-teamwork-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork-1.md

summary:
Here are some initial ideas for how to get involved in some community networks: * Do some research in your local area, see what local in-person meetup groups there are, and attend some of them. You can look events up using sites like [Meetup.com](https://www.meetup.com/) or [Eventbrite](https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/). * Have a look at resources such as [confs.tech](https://confs.tech/) to find tech conferences of interest. If they are out of your price range, try contacting the organizers to see if you could work the conference as a volunteer — you'll still get to attend it and meet lots of people. * The [freeCodeCamp forums](https://forum.freecodecamp.org/) is another great place to ask and answer questions. * Check out the [Frontend Developers](https://discord.me/frontenddevelopers) Discord server. * Hang out on [MDN's Discord server](https://developer.mozilla.org/discord). * Join a friendly developer-oriented [IRC](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/IRC) channel such as [Libera.Chat](https://web.libera.chat/). * Our learning partner, Scrimba, provides a [strong community and collaboration experience](https://scrimba.com/the-frontend-developer-career-path-c0j/~0xyi?via=mdn) via their Discord server, intending to help their students gain experience in working with others. * Find web developers on the social networks, see what they are saying, and join in conversations. If you are not sure how to participate, you could start off by reading existing threads and observing how experienced folks engage

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork


id: collaboration-and-teamwork-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-2
category: reference
title: Collaboration and teamwork - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:34.778242+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: collaboration-and-teamwork-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork-2.md

summary:
Even if you are not doing a real work project — you might be doing a college mock project, or working on your own hobby project — you should practice running it like a real software project, with a timeline, plan, and responsibilities. Learn about typical [software development lifecycles](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/software-engineering/software-development-life-cycle-sdlc/). Pick up some basic [project planning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_planning) skills and tools to be able to estimate and plan your work. It is also a good idea to start doing peer reviews — colleagues will review each other's work and provide feedback on how it could be improved. Areas looked at might include general code quality and adherence to code style guides, performance, sticking to best practices, usability, and quality of documentation. You can benefit greatly, whether you are the reviewer, or the person being reviewed: * If you are reviewing someone else's work, aim to provide a balance between encouragement and praise for good work, and critical feedback. Practice how to deliver that feedback constructively and respectfully. Even if they seem somewhat trivial, always come up with one or two questions to ask when discussing or reviewing peer work. * If you work is being reviewed, try not to take criticism personally, and

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork


id: collaboration-and-teamwork-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-3
category: reference
title: Collaboration and teamwork - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:34.778242+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: collaboration-and-teamwork-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork-3.md

summary:
## Help improve MDN [Learn how to contribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Community/Getting_started) This page was last modified on Jan 3, 2026 by [MDN contributors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork/contributors.txt). [View this page on GitHub](https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/soft_skills/collaboration_and_teamwork/index.md?plain=1 "Folder: en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/soft_skills/collaboration_and_teamwork \(Opens in a new tab\)") • [Report a problem with this content](https://github.com/mdn/content/issues/new?template=page-report.yml&mdn-url=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FSoft_skills%2FCollaboration_and_teamwork&metadata=%3C%21--+Do+not+make+changes+below+this+line+--%3E%0A%3Cdetails%3E%0A%3Csummary%3EPage+report+details%3C%2Fsummary%3E%0A%0A*+Folder%3A+%60en-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fsoft_skills%2Fcollaboration_and_teamwork%60%0A*+MDN+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FSoft_skills%2FCollaboration_and_teamwork%0A*+GitHub+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Ffiles%2Fen-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fsoft_skills%2Fcollaboration_and_teamwork%2Findex.md%0A*+Last+commit%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fcommit%2F7036ad9ae453e390fe90ed3284c7f157ba0b4144%0A*+Document+last+modified%3A+2026-01-03T13%3A18%3A15.000Z%0A%0A%3C%2Fdetails%3E "This will take you to GitHub to file a new issue.") 1. [Learn web development](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development) 2. [MDN curriculum](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/curriculum/) 3. [Getting started modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started) 4. [Environment setup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup) 1. [Installing software](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software) 2. [Browsing the web](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Browsing_the_web) 3. [Code editors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Code_editors) 4. [Dealing with files](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files) 5. [Command line](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Command_line) 5. [Your first website](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website) 1. [What will it look like?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like) 2. [Creating the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content) 3. [Styling the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content) 4. [Adding interactivity](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity) 5. [Publishing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website) 6. [Web standards](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards) 1. [How the web works](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works) 2. [The web standards model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model) 3. [How browsers load websites](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites) 7. [Soft skills](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills) 1. [Research and learning](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning) 2. _[Collaboration and teamwork](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork)_ 3. [Workflows and processes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes) 4. [Finding a job](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job) 8. [Core modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core) 9. [Structuring content with HTML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content) 1. [Basic HTML syntax](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Basic_HTML_syntax) 2. [Web page metadata](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Webpage_metadata) 3. [Headings and paragraphs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Headings_and_paragraphs) 4. [Emphasis and importance](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Emphasis_and_importance) 5. [Lists](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Lists) 6. [Test: HTML text basics](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/HTML_text_basics) 7. [Advanced text features](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Advanced_text_features) 8. [Test: Advanced HTML text](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Advanced_HTML_text) 9. [Challenge: Letter markup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Marking_up_a_letter) 10. [Structuring documents](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_documents) 11. [Creating links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Creating_links) 12. [Test: Links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Links) 13. [Challenge: Bird watching site](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_a_page_of_content) 14.


id: collaboration-and-teamwork-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-4
category: reference
title: Collaboration and teamwork - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:34.778242+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: collaboration-and-teamwork-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork-4.md


id: finding-a-job-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
category: reference
title: Finding a job - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:37.235657+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: finding-a-job-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job-0.md

summary:
* [Skip to main content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job#content) * [Skip to search](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job#search) [ MDN ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/) HTML [HTML: Markup language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML) HTML reference * [Elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements) * [Global attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes) * [Attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference "See all HTML references") HTML guides * [Responsive images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Responsive_images) * [HTML cheatsheet](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Cheatsheet) * [Date & time formats](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Date_and_time_formats) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides "See all HTML guides") Markup languages * [SVG](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG) * [MathML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML) * [XML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/XML) CSS [CSS: Styling language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS) CSS reference * [Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties) * [Selectors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors) * [At-rules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules) * [Values](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Values) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference "See all CSS references") CSS guides * [Box model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Box_model/Introduction) * [Animations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Animations/Using) * [Flexbox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Flexible_box_layout/Basic_concepts) * [Colors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Colors/Applying_color) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides "See all CSS guides") Layout cookbook * [Column layouts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Column_layouts) * [Centering an element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Center_an_element) * [Card component](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Card) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook) JavaScriptJS [JavaScript: Scripting language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) JS reference * [Standard built-in objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects) * [Expressions & operators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) * [Statements & declarations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements) * [Functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference "See all JavaScript references") JS guides * [Control flow & error handing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Control_flow_and_error_handling) * [Loops and iteration](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Loops_and_iteration) * [Working with objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_objects) * [Using classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_classes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide "See all JavaScript guides") Web APIs [Web APIs: Programming interfaces](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API) Web API reference * [File system API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API) * [Fetch API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) * [Geolocation API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Geolocation_API) * [HTML DOM API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTML_DOM_API) * [Push API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Push_API) * [Service worker API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job


id: finding-a-job-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-1
category: reference
title: Finding a job - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:37.235657+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: finding-a-job-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job-1.md

summary:
If you are not sure of the answers to these questions, that's okay. Ask your peers, friends, teachers, or mentor what they are interested in, to get some inspiration, and look around the industry to see what's available. Realistically, many of you will probably start by seeing an interesting job ad or company, then working out how it fits in to the above categories and how to "sell yourself" to that company. ## [Sell yourself](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job#sell_yourself) To get a job, you have to learn how to **sell yourself** , which means making yourself look like a great candidate for the jobs you want. This involves a few different steps, which are described in the sections below. ### [Develop qualities for that employers look for](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job#develop_qualities_for_that_employers_look_for) As a general point, you should be aware of the attributes that hiring managers look for in a candidate and prepare accordingly. Obviously, you'll need technical skills and other abilities that help you to directly do the task at hand. However, companies also look for "soft skills" that indirectly help you do the job; they also make their employees' lives easier and happier while they are at work. We already touched on some of these in our

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job


id: finding-a-job-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-2
category: reference
title: Finding a job - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:37.235657+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: finding-a-job-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job-2.md

summary:
Here are some general tips for CV/résumé writing: * Make it short and concise: Ideally you want it to fit on 2 sides of A4/letter paper. Hiring managers won't bother to read a long essay describing your skill set. * Use professional language: Don't use conversational language or slang terms — you need to sound like you are serious about your application. * Check your writing carefully for spelling and grammatical mistakes: Run it through a service such as [Grammarly](https://www.grammarly.com/) to make sure you don't miss any mistakes and get hints for further improvements. Hiring managers will often discard a CV/résumé that contains a typo — it shows a lack of professionalism and attention to detail. * Don't necessarily include all of your work experience on your CV/résumé: If you have a lot of experience, just include the most important or significant recent entries. You want to keep it short, but you also don't want to make it look like there are any suspicious gaps in your work history, which hiring managers might question you about. Put your full experience listing on your LinkedIn profile and only include a summary on your CV/résumé. * Include soft skills: As mentioned in

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job


id: finding-a-job-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-3
category: reference
title: Finding a job - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:37.235657+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: finding-a-job-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job-3.md

summary:
Your portfolio should contain highlights of your best work. You want it to be easy to access and look through. Include only a few significant items in each section; otherwise, the hiring manager will get bored and move on. A nice, clean design will help with the experience, whereas a complex design might reduce legibility. In terms of how to actually publish your portfolio: * You should [publish your work](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork#publish_your_work) in publicly viewable places, such as a GitHub organization for source code, and a blogging platform such as [Medium](https://medium.com/) (or your own website) for blog posts. * For source code that consists of just demos or snippets (rather than full websites, for example), publish live versions of the code, so that people can easily check out the live result. See [Publishing your website](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website) for tips on how to do this. * In terms of the actual portfolio landing page, you could create a GitHub repo and provide your list of links in a `README.md` file. But this doesn't look particularly great. It would be much better to create a dedicated website to contain your portfolio, with a dedicated [domain name](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Web_mechanics/What_is_a_domain_name). If you are not great at design work, ask a


id: finding-a-job-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-4
category: reference
title: Finding a job - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:37.235657+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: finding-a-job-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job-4.md

summary:
### [Applying for the job](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job#applying_for_the_job) When you apply for the job, follow the process exactly as instructed. Each job advert will have instructions on how to apply. If the job ad was more of a conversation with a network contact, ask them exactly how to apply. Above all: * Make sure your application is professional and well-written, and doesn't include any typos. If it is poorly written, you are unlikely to succeed. Check it over using a tool like Grammarly. * Don't be late applying — you must submit your application by the deadline date! Not all job applications require the same things; you'll probably have to: * Fill out some details on an online form. Type out your answers locally (for example, in VS Code) or in an online document (for example, a Google Docs file) before entering them into the form fields, in case something (for example, a browser crash) causes you to lose your work. This can save you hours of frustration; text is also easier to review and get feedback on if you put it somewhere else first. * Upload your CV/résumé. * Write and upload a covering letter. There are many guides to writing effective


id: finding-a-job-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-5
category: reference
title: Finding a job - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:37.235657+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: finding-a-job-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job-5.md

summary:
You should also do some preparation specific to each company you apply to: * As we mentioned earlier, you should do some research into the company's history, goals, and products. * Read about the company from a high level, and familiarize yourself with its recent news. One good reason to do this is to see if they have done anything that would raise red flags and make you reconsider working there. * Find out about the company's market position and what _their_ strengths and weaknesses are. * Research who their main competitors are. * Become familiar with their products and how they work — for example, install their software and use it to build a demo app, or write a website that uses their APIs to do something. It will impress your interviewers if you can demonstrate some good insights around their situation and how you think it could be improved. Interviewers will often ask some specific questions to test your knowledge of the company and the industry it exists in. * Related to the above point, think of some questions you would ask the interviewers about the company and their roles. Interviewers always ask if you have any questions


id: finding-a-job-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-6
category: reference
title: Finding a job - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:37.235657+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: finding-a-job-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job-6.md

summary:
Often employers are looking at how you approach the problem rather than the end result — how you commented your code, how you dealt with error handling, and what you might have done if you'd had more time. You should research common coding interview question types, practice solving them, and practice explaining what they are doing. You'll find many resources online for practicing coding interview questions. #### Homework questions Some companies will set homework for an interview candidate to do, as an alternative or additional way of testing your coding ability. This tends to be in the form of a mini-project of some kind, which will ask you to code some functionality relevant to the job you are applying for. For example, you might be asked to create a standalone demo that uses the company's JavaScript library to pull data from their APIs and populate a page of information. While this is a reasonable way to test candidates if done right, many people dislike the practice of setting homework questions: * Sometimes they can feel a little too much like "real work", almost like the employer is asking you to do work for free. * They can be poorly scoped


id: finding-a-job-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-7
category: reference
title: Finding a job - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:37.235657+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: finding-a-job-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job-7.md

summary:
## Help improve MDN [Learn how to contribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Community/Getting_started) This page was last modified on Jan 29, 2026 by [MDN contributors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job/contributors.txt). [View this page on GitHub](https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/soft_skills/finding_a_job/index.md?plain=1 "Folder: en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/soft_skills/finding_a_job \(Opens in a new tab\)") • [Report a problem with this content](https://github.com/mdn/content/issues/new?template=page-report.yml&mdn-url=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FSoft_skills%2FFinding_a_job&metadata=%3C%21--+Do+not+make+changes+below+this+line+--%3E%0A%3Cdetails%3E%0A%3Csummary%3EPage+report+details%3C%2Fsummary%3E%0A%0A*+Folder%3A+%60en-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fsoft_skills%2Ffinding_a_job%60%0A*+MDN+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FSoft_skills%2FFinding_a_job%0A*+GitHub+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Ffiles%2Fen-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fsoft_skills%2Ffinding_a_job%2Findex.md%0A*+Last+commit%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fcommit%2F48cccf7ac6bed3867d972a37cb11ec6657f28b1b%0A*+Document+last+modified%3A+2026-01-29T08%3A32%3A28.000Z%0A%0A%3C%2Fdetails%3E "This will take you to GitHub to file a new issue.") 1. [Learn web development](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development) 2. [MDN curriculum](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/curriculum/) 3. [Getting started modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started) 4. [Environment setup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup) 1. [Installing software](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software) 2. [Browsing the web](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Browsing_the_web) 3. [Code editors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Code_editors) 4. [Dealing with files](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files) 5. [Command line](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Command_line) 5. [Your first website](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website) 1. [What will it look like?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like) 2. [Creating the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content) 3. [Styling the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content) 4. [Adding interactivity](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity) 5. [Publishing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website) 6. [Web standards](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards) 1. [How the web works](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works) 2. [The web standards model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model) 3. [How browsers load websites](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites) 7. [Soft skills](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills) 1. [Research and learning](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning) 2. [Collaboration and teamwork](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork) 3. [Workflows and processes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes) 4. _[Finding a job](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job)_ 8. [Core modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core) 9. [Structuring content with HTML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content) 1. [Basic HTML syntax](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Basic_HTML_syntax) 2. [Web page metadata](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Webpage_metadata) 3. [Headings and paragraphs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Headings_and_paragraphs) 4. [Emphasis and importance](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Emphasis_and_importance) 5. [Lists](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Lists) 6. [Test: HTML text basics](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/HTML_text_basics) 7. [Advanced text features](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Advanced_text_features) 8. [Test: Advanced HTML text](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Advanced_HTML_text) 9. [Challenge: Letter markup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Marking_up_a_letter) 10. [Structuring documents](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_documents) 11. [Creating links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Creating_links) 12. [Test: Links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Links) 13. [Challenge: Bird watching site](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_a_page_of_content) 14.


id: finding-a-job-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-8
category: reference
title: Finding a job - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:37.235657+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: finding-a-job-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job-8.md


id: research-and-learning-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
category: reference
title: Research and learning - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:39.622673+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: research-and-learning-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning-0.md

summary:
* [Skip to main content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning#content) * [Skip to search](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning#search) [ MDN ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/) HTML [HTML: Markup language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML) HTML reference * [Elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements) * [Global attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes) * [Attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference "See all HTML references") HTML guides * [Responsive images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Responsive_images) * [HTML cheatsheet](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Cheatsheet) * [Date & time formats](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Date_and_time_formats) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides "See all HTML guides") Markup languages * [SVG](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG) * [MathML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML) * [XML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/XML) CSS [CSS: Styling language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS) CSS reference * [Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties) * [Selectors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors) * [At-rules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules) * [Values](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Values) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference "See all CSS references") CSS guides * [Box model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Box_model/Introduction) * [Animations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Animations/Using) * [Flexbox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Flexible_box_layout/Basic_concepts) * [Colors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Colors/Applying_color) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides "See all CSS guides") Layout cookbook * [Column layouts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Column_layouts) * [Centering an element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Center_an_element) * [Card component](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Card) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook) JavaScriptJS [JavaScript: Scripting language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) JS reference * [Standard built-in objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects) * [Expressions & operators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) * [Statements & declarations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements) * [Functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference "See all JavaScript references") JS guides * [Control flow & error handing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Control_flow_and_error_handling) * [Loops and iteration](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Loops_and_iteration) * [Working with objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_objects) * [Using classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_classes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide "See all JavaScript guides") Web APIs [Web APIs: Programming interfaces](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API) Web API reference * [File system API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API) * [Fetch API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) * [Geolocation API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Geolocation_API) * [HTML DOM API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTML_DOM_API) * [Push API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Push_API) * [Service worker API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning


id: research-and-learning-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-1
category: reference
title: Research and learning - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:39.622673+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: research-and-learning-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning-1.md

summary:
Above all, work out which learning approaches work best for you. Different people learn in different ways. Realistically, you'll probably end up using multiple resources for research and learning. ### [Search effectively](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning#search_effectively) If you can't find a solution to your problem on your favorite sites, you'll need to widen your search to the rest of the web. We covered general tips for effective web searches earlier in the course (see [Searching for information](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Browsing_the_web#searching_for_information)); this section provides a few specific hints and tips related to looking up good-quality information. * When you have a problem with using a specific tool or product, consult the official documentation first. It is surprising how many people do not think to do this; official docs are often geared towards beginners, so people with experience may not think of them as being suitable. If the product you are using is the web platform, the _unofficial_ official documentation is MDN, so you are in the right place! * Check the dates on the resources you find. Are they recently maintained, or not updated for some time and, therefore, possibly out-of-date? Reputable sites tend to include publication and "last-updated" dates on them, precisely so you can easily check

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning


id: research-and-learning-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-2
category: reference
title: Research and learning - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:39.622673+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: research-and-learning-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning-2.md

summary:
### [Aside on copying and pasting code](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning#aside_on_copying_and_pasting_code) Whether generated by an AI or not, copying, pasting, and using code you didn't write and don't understand has always been cautioned against, regardless of your skill level. It makes bugs harder to fix and there may be security, performance, or accessibility problems with the code, often resulting from the context or manner in which you are using it. As a beginner, just copying and pasting a solution means that you miss out on the learning opportunity of doing something yourself, which is key to memorizing skills or concepts. You can also run into licensing issues, if the code is copyrighted and you don't have permission to use it. The advice here is that if you are going to use a solution from somewhere else, at least try to understand how it works first before copying and pasting it. Ideally, learn from the solution and then write your own version. ### [Build a network of contacts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning#build_a_network_of_contacts) We've talked enough about websites, so now we'll talk about people. And websites. Building a network of folks to collaborate with is an essential part of being a web developer. We'll also talk about this in [Collaboration

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning


id: research-and-learning-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-3
category: reference
title: Research and learning - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:39.622673+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: research-and-learning-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning-3.md

summary:
### [Define what you'll need to get there](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning#define_what_youll_need_to_get_there) Once you've worked out your goal, it is a good idea to research what you'll need to achieve the goal. For example: * Materials I need: * A computer * Internet access * Pens and paper * Knowledge I need: * How to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and associated tools and best practices to build websites and web applications (we can definitely help you with this one!). * How to get a domain, hosting, and use them to put a website or application online. * How to run a small business. * How to advertise my business and attract clients. ### [Estimate how much time you'll need](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning#estimate_how_much_time_youll_need) Next, you should start writing out a time plan to achieve your goal. It can be as simple as: "It'll take me about 500 hours to learn what I need to know, and I have a year to do it. If I assume 2 weeks of holiday, I'll need to work on this for 10 hours per week. I am free on evenings and weekends, so I'll plan my time around those." Don't agonize over how accurate the plan is. A rough estimate will do


id: research-and-learning-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-4
category: reference
title: Research and learning - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:39.622673+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: research-and-learning-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning-4.md

summary:
## [Taking breaks, and rubber ducking](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning#taking_breaks_and_rubber_ducking) If you are having trouble figuring out the answer to a question or problem, or concentrating on your learning, it is useful to have a break. Go for a walk for 15 minutes, make yourself a cup of tea, or listen to some music. Or combine all three! It is also physically bad to work for too long without a break; looking at a monitor for too long can hurt your eyes, and sitting still for too long can be bad for your back or legs. You can lower the risk of eye strain with the "20-20-20" rule; every 20 minutes, look at something 20 meters away for 20 seconds. We also recommend taking a proper 15-minute break every hour to 90 minutes. While you are on your break, try discussing your issue with a colleague, friend, or family member. Even if they can't provide you with the answer, the chances are that you'll find a solution on your own by reasoning the problem in your own head. It even works when you explain the problem out loud, to yourself or to an inanimate object. This technique is known as [rubber duck debugging](https://rubberduckdebugging.com/) (or


id: research-and-learning-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-5
category: reference
title: Research and learning - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:39.622673+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: research-and-learning-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning-5.md

summary:
## Help improve MDN [Learn how to contribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Community/Getting_started) This page was last modified on Aug 25, 2025 by [MDN contributors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning/contributors.txt). [View this page on GitHub](https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/soft_skills/research_and_learning/index.md?plain=1 "Folder: en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/soft_skills/research_and_learning \(Opens in a new tab\)") • [Report a problem with this content](https://github.com/mdn/content/issues/new?template=page-report.yml&mdn-url=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FSoft_skills%2FResearch_and_learning&metadata=%3C%21--+Do+not+make+changes+below+this+line+--%3E%0A%3Cdetails%3E%0A%3Csummary%3EPage+report+details%3C%2Fsummary%3E%0A%0A*+Folder%3A+%60en-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fsoft_skills%2Fresearch_and_learning%60%0A*+MDN+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FSoft_skills%2FResearch_and_learning%0A*+GitHub+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Ffiles%2Fen-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fsoft_skills%2Fresearch_and_learning%2Findex.md%0A*+Last+commit%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fcommit%2F0b396a7ed30cad25ebc30c464cfbafc77bc2c7d9%0A*+Document+last+modified%3A+2025-08-25T15%3A56%3A32.000Z%0A%0A%3C%2Fdetails%3E "This will take you to GitHub to file a new issue.") 1. [Learn web development](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development) 2. [MDN curriculum](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/curriculum/) 3. [Getting started modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started) 4. [Environment setup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup) 1. [Installing software](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software) 2. [Browsing the web](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Browsing_the_web) 3. [Code editors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Code_editors) 4. [Dealing with files](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files) 5. [Command line](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Command_line) 5. [Your first website](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website) 1. [What will it look like?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like) 2. [Creating the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content) 3. [Styling the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content) 4. [Adding interactivity](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity) 5. [Publishing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website) 6. [Web standards](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards) 1. [How the web works](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works) 2. [The web standards model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model) 3. [How browsers load websites](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites) 7. [Soft skills](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills) 1. _[Research and learning](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning)_ 2. [Collaboration and teamwork](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork) 3. [Workflows and processes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes) 4. [Finding a job](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job) 8. [Core modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core) 9. [Structuring content with HTML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content) 1. [Basic HTML syntax](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Basic_HTML_syntax) 2. [Web page metadata](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Webpage_metadata) 3. [Headings and paragraphs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Headings_and_paragraphs) 4. [Emphasis and importance](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Emphasis_and_importance) 5. [Lists](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Lists) 6. [Test: HTML text basics](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/HTML_text_basics) 7. [Advanced text features](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Advanced_text_features) 8. [Test: Advanced HTML text](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Advanced_HTML_text) 9. [Challenge: Letter markup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Marking_up_a_letter) 10. [Structuring documents](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_documents) 11. [Creating links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Creating_links) 12. [Test: Links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Links) 13. [Challenge: Bird watching site](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_a_page_of_content) 14.


id: research-and-learning-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-6
category: reference
title: Research and learning - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:39.622673+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: research-and-learning-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning-6.md


id: workflows-and-processes-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
category: reference
title: Workflows and processes - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:42.016231+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: workflows-and-processes-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes-0.md

summary:
* [Skip to main content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes#content) * [Skip to search](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes#search) [ MDN ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/) HTML [HTML: Markup language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML) HTML reference * [Elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements) * [Global attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes) * [Attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference "See all HTML references") HTML guides * [Responsive images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Responsive_images) * [HTML cheatsheet](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Cheatsheet) * [Date & time formats](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Date_and_time_formats) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides "See all HTML guides") Markup languages * [SVG](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG) * [MathML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML) * [XML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/XML) CSS [CSS: Styling language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS) CSS reference * [Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties) * [Selectors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors) * [At-rules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules) * [Values](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Values) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference "See all CSS references") CSS guides * [Box model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Box_model/Introduction) * [Animations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Animations/Using) * [Flexbox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Flexible_box_layout/Basic_concepts) * [Colors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Colors/Applying_color) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides "See all CSS guides") Layout cookbook * [Column layouts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Column_layouts) * [Centering an element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Center_an_element) * [Card component](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Card) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook) JavaScriptJS [JavaScript: Scripting language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) JS reference * [Standard built-in objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects) * [Expressions & operators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) * [Statements & declarations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements) * [Functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference "See all JavaScript references") JS guides * [Control flow & error handing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Control_flow_and_error_handling) * [Loops and iteration](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Loops_and_iteration) * [Working with objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_objects) * [Using classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_classes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide "See all JavaScript guides") Web APIs [Web APIs: Programming interfaces](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API) Web API reference * [File system API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API) * [Fetch API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) * [Geolocation API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Geolocation_API) * [HTML DOM API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTML_DOM_API) * [Push API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Push_API) * [Service worker API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes


id: workflows-and-processes-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-1
category: reference
title: Workflows and processes - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:42.016231+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: workflows-and-processes-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes-1.md

summary:
**Note:** You will often hear websites and applications described as being built using specific **architectural patterns**. For example, [model-view-controller (MVC)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller) is a pattern that many JavaScript frameworks follow, while [publish–subscribe (pub/sub)](https://dev.to/willvelida/the-publisher-subscriber-pattern-pubsub-messaging-10in) is commonly used by messaging applications. It is not especially important that you understand these patterns in detail, but some familiarity can be useful when trying to understand a new framework or tool. There will also be tools involved outside the actual tech stack itself to help you manage it or create assets for the website, such as: * Planning tools to help you plan what you are going to do throughout the course of the project at a high level (such as [Miro](https://miro.com/)). * Version control systems (VCS). You will probably use a [git](https://git-scm.com/)-based VCS, such as [GitHub](https://github.com/). * Graphics/interface design packages (such as [Figma](https://www.figma.com/) or [Canva](https://www.canva.com/)). * Project management tools such as [Trello](https://trello.com/) or [Asana](https://asana.com/). OK, so that is a lot to take in. Our advice is **don't panic!** The aim of this article is not to worry you by making you think that all of a sudden you have 10 times as many things to learn as you did before. The idea is simply to make

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes


id: workflows-and-processes-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-2
category: reference
title: Workflows and processes - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:42.016231+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: workflows-and-processes-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes-2.md

summary:
[**Search Engine Optimization (SEO) specialist**](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes#search_engine_optimization_seo_specialist) Analyses the content and structure of the website and makes changes that will cause the website to be more visible in relevant search engine results. See [SEO](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/SEO) for more information. ## [Technical project phases](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes#technical_project_phases) A typical technical project might happen like this: 1. The product manager identifies a new set of user requirements for the website. 2. They discuss it with the team, and it is decided that these requirements can be met by adding a new feature to the website. 3. The project manager discusses with the team what the required individual work items are for creating the new feature, and creates a [work process to manage them](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes#work_management_processes). 4. The UX designer designs a workflow for the new feature that describes how it should work, and a wireframe to provide an idea of where it might fit on the site. 5. The graphic designer designs a mockup showing what the feature will look like on the website, along with the chosen fonts and color palette. 6. The content specialist writes the UI text required by the feature, and the documentation required to support it. 7. The back-end developer creates the necessary systems to securely

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes


id: workflows-and-processes-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-3
category: reference
title: Workflows and processes - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:42.016231+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: workflows-and-processes-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes-3.md

summary:
Another type of agile methodology is called **kanban** , which has less rules than scrum, doesn't use sprints, and tends to focus more on the continuous improvement aspects of agile. Kanban is particularly useful for managing continuous processes that don't have a clear defined end, such as customer support tickets. ### [Kanban boards](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes#kanban_boards) Tools such as [Trello](https://trello.com/) and [Asana](https://asana.com/) provide visualizations that show the status of different work items in a project. They are usually called **Kanban boards** , although they can be used to manage different process types, not just kanban. Kanban boards consist of different columns, which can represent different work statuses in a scrum project ("backlog", "todo", "in progress", etc.), different types of work ("research", "design", "development", etc.) or whatever else is useful for your project. [GitHub Projects](https://docs.github.com/en/issues/planning-and-tracking-with-projects/learning-about-projects/about-projects) provide another good tooling option, and are free to use — you just need to sign up for a GitHub account. ## [Getting practice with project workflows](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes#getting_practice_with_project_workflows) You should read up on the above processes, and practice tracking some of your work or personal projects using a kanban board. Don't worry about using a complex scrum methodology; basic kanban is fine for the moment. Even if you're doing something


id: workflows-and-processes-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-4
category: reference
title: Workflows and processes - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:42.016231+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: workflows-and-processes-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes-4.md

summary:
## Help improve MDN [Learn how to contribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Community/Getting_started) This page was last modified on May 4, 2026 by [MDN contributors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes/contributors.txt). [View this page on GitHub](https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/soft_skills/workflows_and_processes/index.md?plain=1 "Folder: en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/soft_skills/workflows_and_processes \(Opens in a new tab\)") • [Report a problem with this content](https://github.com/mdn/content/issues/new?template=page-report.yml&mdn-url=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FSoft_skills%2FWorkflows_and_processes&metadata=%3C%21--+Do+not+make+changes+below+this+line+--%3E%0A%3Cdetails%3E%0A%3Csummary%3EPage+report+details%3C%2Fsummary%3E%0A%0A*+Folder%3A+%60en-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fsoft_skills%2Fworkflows_and_processes%60%0A*+MDN+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FSoft_skills%2FWorkflows_and_processes%0A*+GitHub+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Ffiles%2Fen-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fsoft_skills%2Fworkflows_and_processes%2Findex.md%0A*+Last+commit%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fcommit%2Fc53bfa01f3bf436d486f4032c16f592855a2af2c%0A*+Document+last+modified%3A+2026-05-04T02%3A41%3A10.000Z%0A%0A%3C%2Fdetails%3E "This will take you to GitHub to file a new issue.") 1. [Learn web development](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development) 2. [MDN curriculum](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/curriculum/) 3. [Getting started modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started) 4. [Environment setup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup) 1. [Installing software](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software) 2. [Browsing the web](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Browsing_the_web) 3. [Code editors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Code_editors) 4. [Dealing with files](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files) 5. [Command line](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Command_line) 5. [Your first website](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website) 1. [What will it look like?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like) 2. [Creating the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content) 3. [Styling the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content) 4. [Adding interactivity](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity) 5. [Publishing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website) 6. [Web standards](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards) 1. [How the web works](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works) 2. [The web standards model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model) 3. [How browsers load websites](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites) 7. [Soft skills](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills) 1. [Research and learning](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning) 2. [Collaboration and teamwork](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork) 3. _[Workflows and processes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes)_ 4. [Finding a job](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job) 8. [Core modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core) 9. [Structuring content with HTML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content) 1. [Basic HTML syntax](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Basic_HTML_syntax) 2. [Web page metadata](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Webpage_metadata) 3. [Headings and paragraphs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Headings_and_paragraphs) 4. [Emphasis and importance](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Emphasis_and_importance) 5. [Lists](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Lists) 6. [Test: HTML text basics](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/HTML_text_basics) 7. [Advanced text features](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Advanced_text_features) 8. [Test: Advanced HTML text](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Advanced_HTML_text) 9. [Challenge: Letter markup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Marking_up_a_letter) 10. [Structuring documents](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_documents) 11. [Creating links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Creating_links) 12. [Test: Links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Links) 13. [Challenge: Bird watching site](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_a_page_of_content) 14.


id: workflows-and-processes-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-5
category: reference
title: Workflows and processes - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:42.016231+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: workflows-and-processes-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes-5.md


id: web-standards-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file: data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards-0.md
category: reference
title: Web standards - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
source_url: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:44.509482+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: web-standards-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
summary:
* [Skip to main content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards#content) * [Skip to search](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards#search) [ MDN ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/) HTML [HTML: Markup language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML) HTML reference * [Elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements) * [Global attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes) * [Attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference "See all HTML references") HTML guides * [Responsive images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Responsive_images) * [HTML cheatsheet](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Cheatsheet) * [Date & time formats](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Date_and_time_formats) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides "See all HTML guides") Markup languages * [SVG](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG) * [MathML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML) * [XML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/XML) CSS [CSS: Styling language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS) CSS reference * [Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties) * [Selectors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors) * [At-rules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules) * [Values](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Values) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference "See all CSS references") CSS guides * [Box model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Box_model/Introduction) * [Animations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Animations/Using) * [Flexbox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Flexible_box_layout/Basic_concepts) * [Colors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Colors/Applying_color) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides "See all CSS guides") Layout cookbook * [Column layouts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Column_layouts) * [Centering an element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Center_an_element) * [Card component](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Card) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook) JavaScriptJS [JavaScript: Scripting language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) JS reference * [Standard built-in objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects) * [Expressions & operators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) * [Statements & declarations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements) * [Functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference "See all JavaScript references") JS guides * [Control flow & error handing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Control_flow_and_error_handling) * [Loops and iteration](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Loops_and_iteration) * [Working with objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_objects) * [Using classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_classes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide "See all JavaScript guides") Web APIs [Web APIs: Programming interfaces](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API) Web API reference * [File system API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API) * [Fetch API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) * [Geolocation API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Geolocation_API) * [HTML DOM API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTML_DOM_API) * [Push API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Push_API) * [Service worker API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API


id: web-standards-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-1
file: data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards-1.md
category: reference
title: Web standards - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
source_url: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:44.509482+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: web-standards-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
summary:
## Help improve MDN [Learn how to contribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Community/Getting_started) This page was last modified on Apr 11, 2025 by [MDN contributors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/contributors.txt). [View this page on GitHub](https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/web_standards/index.md?plain=1 "Folder: en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/web_standards \(Opens in a new tab\)") • [Report a problem with this content](https://github.com/mdn/content/issues/new?template=page-report.yml&mdn-url=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FWeb_standards&metadata=%3C%21--+Do+not+make+changes+below+this+line+--%3E%0A%3Cdetails%3E%0A%3Csummary%3EPage+report+details%3C%2Fsummary%3E%0A%0A*+Folder%3A+%60en-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fweb_standards%60%0A*+MDN+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FWeb_standards%0A*+GitHub+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Ffiles%2Fen-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fweb_standards%2Findex.md%0A*+Last+commit%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fcommit%2F48d220a8cffdfd5f088f8ca89724a9a92e34d8c0%0A*+Document+last+modified%3A+2025-04-11T19%3A13%3A37.000Z%0A%0A%3C%2Fdetails%3E "This will take you to GitHub to file a new issue.") 1. [Learn web development](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development) 2. [MDN curriculum](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/curriculum/) 3. [Getting started modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started) 4. [Environment setup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup) 1. [Installing software](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software) 2. [Browsing the web](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Browsing_the_web) 3. [Code editors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Code_editors) 4. [Dealing with files](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files) 5. [Command line](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Command_line) 5. [Your first website](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website) 1. [What will it look like?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like) 2. [Creating the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content) 3. [Styling the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content) 4. [Adding interactivity](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity) 5. [Publishing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website) 6. _[Web standards](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards)_ 1. [How the web works](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works) 2. [The web standards model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model) 3. [How browsers load websites](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites) 7. [Soft skills](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills) 1. [Research and learning](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning) 2. [Collaboration and teamwork](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork) 3. [Workflows and processes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes) 4. [Finding a job](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job) 8. [Core modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core) 9. [Structuring content with HTML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content) 1. [Basic HTML syntax](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Basic_HTML_syntax) 2. [Web page metadata](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Webpage_metadata) 3. [Headings and paragraphs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Headings_and_paragraphs) 4. [Emphasis and importance](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Emphasis_and_importance) 5. [Lists](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Lists) 6. [Test: HTML text basics](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/HTML_text_basics) 7. [Advanced text features](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Advanced_text_features) 8. [Test: Advanced HTML text](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Advanced_HTML_text) 9. [Challenge: Letter markup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Marking_up_a_letter) 10. [Structuring documents](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_documents) 11. [Creating links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Creating_links) 12. [Test: Links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Links) 13. [Challenge: Bird watching site](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_a_page_of_content) 14.


id: how-browsers-load-websites-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
category: reference
title: How browsers load websites - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:46.873532+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: how-browsers-load-websites-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites-0.md

summary:
* [Skip to main content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites#content) * [Skip to search](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites#search) [ MDN ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/) HTML [HTML: Markup language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML) HTML reference * [Elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements) * [Global attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes) * [Attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference "See all HTML references") HTML guides * [Responsive images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Responsive_images) * [HTML cheatsheet](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Cheatsheet) * [Date & time formats](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Date_and_time_formats) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides "See all HTML guides") Markup languages * [SVG](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG) * [MathML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML) * [XML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/XML) CSS [CSS: Styling language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS) CSS reference * [Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties) * [Selectors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors) * [At-rules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules) * [Values](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Values) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference "See all CSS references") CSS guides * [Box model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Box_model/Introduction) * [Animations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Animations/Using) * [Flexbox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Flexible_box_layout/Basic_concepts) * [Colors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Colors/Applying_color) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides "See all CSS guides") Layout cookbook * [Column layouts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Column_layouts) * [Centering an element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Center_an_element) * [Card component](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Card) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook) JavaScriptJS [JavaScript: Scripting language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) JS reference * [Standard built-in objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects) * [Expressions & operators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) * [Statements & declarations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements) * [Functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference "See all JavaScript references") JS guides * [Control flow & error handing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Control_flow_and_error_handling) * [Loops and iteration](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Loops_and_iteration) * [Working with objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_objects) * [Using classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_classes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide "See all JavaScript guides") Web APIs [Web APIs: Programming interfaces](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API) Web API reference * [File system API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API) * [Fetch API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) * [Geolocation API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Geolocation_API) * [HTML DOM API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTML_DOM_API) * [Push API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Push_API) * [Service worker API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites


id: how-browsers-load-websites-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-1
category: reference
title: How browsers load websites - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:46.873532+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: how-browsers-load-websites-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites-1.md

summary:
``` P ├─ "Let's use:" ├─ SPAN | └─ "HTML" ├─ SPAN | └─ "CSS" └─ SPAN └─ "JavaScript" ``` In this DOM tree, the node corresponding to our `<p>` element is a parent. Its children include a text node and the three nodes corresponding to our `<span>` elements. The `SPAN` nodes are also parents, with text nodes as their children. When the browser renders this DOM tree, it will look like so: Certain HTML elements, when parsed, will trigger more HTTP requests: * [`<link>`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/link) elements referencing external [CSS](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics) stylesheets. * [`<script>`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/script) elements referencing external [JavaScript](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting) files. * Elements such as [`<img>`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/img), [`<video>`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/video), and [`<audio>`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/audio), which reference media files you want to embed in the web page. ## [Parsing CSS and rendering the page](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites#parsing_css_and_rendering_the_page) Next, the CSS is handled. 1. The browser parses the CSS found on the page (either included in the HTML file, or fetched from external stylesheets), and sorts the different CSS styling rules into different "buckets" based on which HTML elements (represented in the DOM as items called **nodes**) they will be applied to. The browser then attaches styles to different elements as required (this intermediate step is called a render tree). 2. The render tree

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites


id: how-browsers-load-websites-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-2
category: reference
title: How browsers load websites - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:46.873532+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: how-browsers-load-websites-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites-2.md

summary:
## Help improve MDN [Learn how to contribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Community/Getting_started) This page was last modified on Oct 2, 2025 by [MDN contributors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites/contributors.txt). [View this page on GitHub](https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/web_standards/how_browsers_load_websites/index.md?plain=1 "Folder: en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/web_standards/how_browsers_load_websites \(Opens in a new tab\)") • [Report a problem with this content](https://github.com/mdn/content/issues/new?template=page-report.yml&mdn-url=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FWeb_standards%2FHow_browsers_load_websites&metadata=%3C%21--+Do+not+make+changes+below+this+line+--%3E%0A%3Cdetails%3E%0A%3Csummary%3EPage+report+details%3C%2Fsummary%3E%0A%0A*+Folder%3A+%60en-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fweb_standards%2Fhow_browsers_load_websites%60%0A*+MDN+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FWeb_standards%2FHow_browsers_load_websites%0A*+GitHub+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Ffiles%2Fen-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fweb_standards%2Fhow_browsers_load_websites%2Findex.md%0A*+Last+commit%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fcommit%2Fcab1109a0c225299a9fb2b3402bcd4a1931b8ab7%0A*+Document+last+modified%3A+2025-10-02T16%3A39%3A46.000Z%0A%0A%3C%2Fdetails%3E "This will take you to GitHub to file a new issue.") 1. [Learn web development](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development) 2. [MDN curriculum](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/curriculum/) 3. [Getting started modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started) 4. [Environment setup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup) 1. [Installing software](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software) 2. [Browsing the web](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Browsing_the_web) 3. [Code editors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Code_editors) 4. [Dealing with files](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files) 5. [Command line](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Command_line) 5. [Your first website](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website) 1. [What will it look like?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like) 2. [Creating the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content) 3. [Styling the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content) 4. [Adding interactivity](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity) 5. [Publishing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website) 6. [Web standards](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards) 1. [How the web works](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works) 2. [The web standards model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model) 3. _[How browsers load websites](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites)_ 7. [Soft skills](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills) 1. [Research and learning](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning) 2. [Collaboration and teamwork](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork) 3. [Workflows and processes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes) 4. [Finding a job](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job) 8. [Core modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core) 9. [Structuring content with HTML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content) 1. [Basic HTML syntax](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Basic_HTML_syntax) 2. [Web page metadata](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Webpage_metadata) 3. [Headings and paragraphs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Headings_and_paragraphs) 4. [Emphasis and importance](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Emphasis_and_importance) 5. [Lists](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Lists) 6. [Test: HTML text basics](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/HTML_text_basics) 7. [Advanced text features](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Advanced_text_features) 8. [Test: Advanced HTML text](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Advanced_HTML_text) 9. [Challenge: Letter markup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Marking_up_a_letter) 10. [Structuring documents](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_documents) 11. [Creating links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Creating_links) 12. [Test: Links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Links) 13. [Challenge: Bird watching site](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_a_page_of_content) 14.

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites


id: how-browsers-load-websites-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-3
category: reference
title: How browsers load websites - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:46.873532+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: how-browsers-load-websites-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites-3.md


id: how-the-web-works-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
category: reference
title: How the web works - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:49.341243+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: how-the-web-works-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works-0.md

summary:
* [Skip to main content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works#content) * [Skip to search](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works#search) [ MDN ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/) HTML [HTML: Markup language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML) HTML reference * [Elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements) * [Global attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes) * [Attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference "See all HTML references") HTML guides * [Responsive images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Responsive_images) * [HTML cheatsheet](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Cheatsheet) * [Date & time formats](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Date_and_time_formats) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides "See all HTML guides") Markup languages * [SVG](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG) * [MathML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML) * [XML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/XML) CSS [CSS: Styling language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS) CSS reference * [Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties) * [Selectors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors) * [At-rules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules) * [Values](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Values) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference "See all CSS references") CSS guides * [Box model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Box_model/Introduction) * [Animations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Animations/Using) * [Flexbox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Flexible_box_layout/Basic_concepts) * [Colors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Colors/Applying_color) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides "See all CSS guides") Layout cookbook * [Column layouts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Column_layouts) * [Centering an element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Center_an_element) * [Card component](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Card) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook) JavaScriptJS [JavaScript: Scripting language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) JS reference * [Standard built-in objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects) * [Expressions & operators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) * [Statements & declarations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements) * [Functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference "See all JavaScript references") JS guides * [Control flow & error handing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Control_flow_and_error_handling) * [Loops and iteration](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Loops_and_iteration) * [Working with objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_objects) * [Using classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_classes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide "See all JavaScript guides") Web APIs [Web APIs: Programming interfaces](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API) Web API reference * [File system API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API) * [Fetch API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) * [Geolocation API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Geolocation_API) * [HTML DOM API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTML_DOM_API) * [Push API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Push_API) * [Service worker API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works


id: how-the-web-works-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-1
category: reference
title: How the web works - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:49.341243+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: how-the-web-works-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works-1.md

summary:
The following embedded content from Scrimba[ _MDN learning partner_](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Writing_guidelines/Learning_content#partner_links_and_embeds) provides further information on clients and servers, including a quiz and discussion. ## [The other parts of the toolbox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works#the_other_parts_of_the_toolbox) The client and server we've described above don't tell the whole story. There are many other parts involved, and we'll describe them below. For now, let's imagine that the internet is a road. On one end of the road is the client, which is like your house. On the other end of the road is the server, which is like a shop you want to buy something from. ![A black-and-white photo of a person crossing a road at a crosswalk](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works/road.jpg) For data to get back and forth, we need the following things: * **Your internet connection** : Allows you to send and receive data on the internet. It's basically like the street between your house and the shop. * **TCP/IP** : **Transmission Control Protocol** and **Internet Protocol** (TCP/IP) are communication protocols that define how data should travel across the internet. This is like the transport mechanisms that let you place an order, go to the shop, and buy your goods. In our example, this is like a car or a bike (or

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works


id: how-the-web-works-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-2
category: reference
title: How the web works - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:49.341243+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: how-the-web-works-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works-2.md

summary:
## [HTTP basics](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works#http_basics) HTTP uses a simple language of verbs to perform actions such as making requests (see [HTTP request methods](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Reference/Methods)). The HTTP [`GET`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Reference/Methods/GET) method is the one normally used to make HTTP requests of the type described above. For example, a request for the MDN home page might look like this: The response sent by the server might look something like this: The full response is more complex than this, but we have omitted most of it for brevity. The main parts are as follows: [`HTTP/2 200`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works#http2_200) The version of HTTP that the server is using to send the response, in this case HTTP/2, followed by a [status code](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Reference/Status) indicating whether the request was successful. `200` indicates success. [`date`, `expires`, etc.](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works#date) [HTTP headers](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Reference/Headers) containing additional information about the response (note that requests can have headers too), which provide extra information and/or modify its behavior. [`<!doctype html>`, etc.](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works#!doctype_html) The response body, which in this case contains the MDN homepage's HTML document. **Note:** See the MDN [HTTP reference](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP) for a lot more detail on HTTP, if you are curious. [An overview of HTTP](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Guides/Overview) is a good place to start. ### [Other status codes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works#other_status_codes) Above, we met the `200` [status code](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Reference/Status), which

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works


id: how-the-web-works-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-3
category: reference
title: How the web works - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:49.341243+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: how-the-web-works-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works-3.md

summary:
## Help improve MDN [Learn how to contribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Community/Getting_started) This page was last modified on Apr 10, 2026 by [MDN contributors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works/contributors.txt). [View this page on GitHub](https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/web_standards/how_the_web_works/index.md?plain=1 "Folder: en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/web_standards/how_the_web_works \(Opens in a new tab\)") • [Report a problem with this content](https://github.com/mdn/content/issues/new?template=page-report.yml&mdn-url=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FWeb_standards%2FHow_the_web_works&metadata=%3C%21--+Do+not+make+changes+below+this+line+--%3E%0A%3Cdetails%3E%0A%3Csummary%3EPage+report+details%3C%2Fsummary%3E%0A%0A*+Folder%3A+%60en-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fweb_standards%2Fhow_the_web_works%60%0A*+MDN+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FWeb_standards%2FHow_the_web_works%0A*+GitHub+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Ffiles%2Fen-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fweb_standards%2Fhow_the_web_works%2Findex.md%0A*+Last+commit%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fcommit%2F19cee96ad42daadec1e4b66e87536ec7a5d5cb80%0A*+Document+last+modified%3A+2026-04-10T16%3A31%3A29.000Z%0A%0A%3C%2Fdetails%3E "This will take you to GitHub to file a new issue.") 1. [Learn web development](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development) 2. [MDN curriculum](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/curriculum/) 3. [Getting started modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started) 4. [Environment setup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup) 1. [Installing software](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software) 2. [Browsing the web](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Browsing_the_web) 3. [Code editors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Code_editors) 4. [Dealing with files](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files) 5. [Command line](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Command_line) 5. [Your first website](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website) 1. [What will it look like?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like) 2. [Creating the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content) 3. [Styling the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content) 4. [Adding interactivity](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity) 5. [Publishing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website) 6. [Web standards](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards) 1. _[How the web works](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works)_ 2. [The web standards model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model) 3. [How browsers load websites](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites) 7. [Soft skills](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills) 1. [Research and learning](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning) 2. [Collaboration and teamwork](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork) 3. [Workflows and processes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes) 4. [Finding a job](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job) 8. [Core modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core) 9. [Structuring content with HTML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content) 1. [Basic HTML syntax](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Basic_HTML_syntax) 2. [Web page metadata](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Webpage_metadata) 3. [Headings and paragraphs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Headings_and_paragraphs) 4. [Emphasis and importance](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Emphasis_and_importance) 5. [Lists](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Lists) 6. [Test: HTML text basics](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/HTML_text_basics) 7. [Advanced text features](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Advanced_text_features) 8. [Test: Advanced HTML text](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Advanced_HTML_text) 9. [Challenge: Letter markup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Marking_up_a_letter) 10. [Structuring documents](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_documents) 11. [Creating links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Creating_links) 12. [Test: Links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Links) 13. [Challenge: Bird watching site](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_a_page_of_content) 14.


id: how-the-web-works-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-4
category: reference
title: How the web works - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:49.341243+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: how-the-web-works-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works-4.md


id: the-web-standards-model-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
category: reference
title: The web standards model - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:51.936270+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-web-standards-model-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model-0.md

summary:
* [Skip to main content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model#content) * [Skip to search](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model#search) [ MDN ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/) HTML [HTML: Markup language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML) HTML reference * [Elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements) * [Global attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes) * [Attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference "See all HTML references") HTML guides * [Responsive images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Responsive_images) * [HTML cheatsheet](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Cheatsheet) * [Date & time formats](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Date_and_time_formats) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides "See all HTML guides") Markup languages * [SVG](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG) * [MathML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML) * [XML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/XML) CSS [CSS: Styling language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS) CSS reference * [Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties) * [Selectors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors) * [At-rules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules) * [Values](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Values) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference "See all CSS references") CSS guides * [Box model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Box_model/Introduction) * [Animations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Animations/Using) * [Flexbox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Flexible_box_layout/Basic_concepts) * [Colors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Colors/Applying_color) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides "See all CSS guides") Layout cookbook * [Column layouts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Column_layouts) * [Centering an element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Center_an_element) * [Card component](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Card) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook) JavaScriptJS [JavaScript: Scripting language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) JS reference * [Standard built-in objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects) * [Expressions & operators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) * [Statements & declarations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements) * [Functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference "See all JavaScript references") JS guides * [Control flow & error handing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Control_flow_and_error_handling) * [Loops and iteration](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Loops_and_iteration) * [Working with objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_objects) * [Using classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_classes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide "See all JavaScript guides") Web APIs [Web APIs: Programming interfaces](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API) Web API reference * [File system API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API) * [Fetch API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) * [Geolocation API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Geolocation_API) * [HTML DOM API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTML_DOM_API) * [Push API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Push_API) * [Service worker API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model


id: the-web-standards-model-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-1
category: reference
title: The web standards model - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:51.936270+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-web-standards-model-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model-1.md

summary:
## [Brief history of the web](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model#brief_history_of_the_web) In the late 1960s, the US military developed a communication network called [ARPANET](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Arpanet). This can be considered a forerunner of the **internet** , as it worked on [packet switching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_switching), and featured the first implementation of the [TCP/IP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite) protocol suite. These two technologies form the basis of the infrastructure that the internet is built on. In 1980, [Tim Berners-Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee) (often referred to as TimBL) wrote a notebook program called ENQUIRE, which featured the concept of links between different nodes. Sound familiar? Fast forward to 1989, and TimBL wrote [Information Management: A Proposal](https://www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html) and HyperText at CERN; these two publications together provided the background for how the web would work. They received a fair amount of interest, enough to convince TimBL's bosses to allow him to go ahead and create a global hypertext system. By 1990-91, TimBL had created all the things needed to run the first version of the **World Wide Web** (generally referred to as the **web**) — [HTTP](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP), [HTML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML), the first web browser, which was called [WorldWideWeb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldWideWeb), a web server, and some web pages to look at. **Note:** People sometimes use "the web" and "the internet" interchangeably, but they are different things. The

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model


id: the-web-standards-model-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-2
category: reference
title: The web standards model - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:51.936270+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-web-standards-model-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model-2.md

summary:
The full processes by which standards are created can get deep and complex. However, unless you want to create your own web technology features, you don't need to understand most of it. If you want to contribute to the discussion around new technologies and provide feedback, it is usually a matter of joining the relevant mailing list or other discussion mechanism. Standards discussions are carried out in public, hence the term ["Open" standards](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model#open_standards). For now, we'll give you a general, high-level understanding of how standards processes work: 1. Someone notices the need for a new web standard feature that will make developers' lives easier. For example, maybe there is a common pattern that is commonly used in web user interfaces, but it is a pain to implement. A dedicated CSS feature would make it much easier. The someone could be anyone — an individual developer, or an engineer working for a big tech company. 2. The person discusses this feature with other developers, browser engineers, etc., and starts to create interest in implementing the feature. Usually they write an explainer document that explains the need for the feature and how it will work, and a code demo that shows what

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model


id: the-web-standards-model-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-3
category: reference
title: The web standards model - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:51.936270+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-web-standards-model-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model-3.md

summary:
**Note:** You'll learn more about [Accessibility](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility) later on in the learning pathway. In addition, web technologies are intended to be **interoperable**. Because web technologies are implemented according to published standards, browsers should provide the same rendered output for a given input (for example, HTML, CSS, or JS code) — in other words, a website should work consistently across multiple browsers. ### [Don't break the web](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model#dont_break_the_web) Another phrase you'll hear around open web standards is "don't break the web". The idea behind this is that any new web technology should be backwards compatible with what went before it, so existing websites will continue to work in the same way as they did before. Web browser vendors should be able to implement new web technologies without causing a difference in rendering or functionality that would cause their users to think a website is broken and try another browser as a result. ## [Overview of modern web technologies](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model#overview_of_modern_web_technologies) There are a number of technologies to learn if you want to be a front-end web developer. In this section we will describe them briefly. ### [HTML, CSS, and JavaScript](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model#html_css_and_javascript) [HTML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML), [CSS](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS), and [JavaScript](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) are the main three technologies you'll use to build a website.


id: the-web-standards-model-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-4
category: reference
title: The web standards model - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:51.936270+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-web-standards-model-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model-4.md

summary:
There is often a bit of overlap between the concepts of static and dynamic code. Server-side languages usually define HTML structures inside a template file, which tend to be mostly static HTML with some special dynamic sections included that change depending on what data needs to be inserted. ## [Web best practices](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model#web_best_practices) We have briefly talked about the technologies that you'll use to build websites. Now let's discuss the best practices that web developers generally employ to ensure that their websites are usable by as many people as possible. When doing web development, the main cause of uncertainty comes from the fact that you don't know what combination of technology each user will use to view your website: * User 1 might be looking at it on an iPhone, with a small, narrow screen. * User 2 might be looking at it on a Windows laptop with a widescreen monitor attached to it. * User 3 might be visually impaired, and using a screen reader to read and interact with the web page. * User 4 might be using a really old desktop machine that can't run modern browsers. Because you don't know exactly what your users will use, you


id: the-web-standards-model-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-5
category: reference
title: The web standards model - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:51.936270+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-web-standards-model-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model-5.md

summary:
## Help improve MDN [Learn how to contribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Community/Getting_started) This page was last modified on Nov 19, 2025 by [MDN contributors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model/contributors.txt). [View this page on GitHub](https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/web_standards/the_web_standards_model/index.md?plain=1 "Folder: en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/web_standards/the_web_standards_model \(Opens in a new tab\)") • [Report a problem with this content](https://github.com/mdn/content/issues/new?template=page-report.yml&mdn-url=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FWeb_standards%2FThe_web_standards_model&metadata=%3C%21--+Do+not+make+changes+below+this+line+--%3E%0A%3Cdetails%3E%0A%3Csummary%3EPage+report+details%3C%2Fsummary%3E%0A%0A*+Folder%3A+%60en-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fweb_standards%2Fthe_web_standards_model%60%0A*+MDN+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FWeb_standards%2FThe_web_standards_model%0A*+GitHub+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Ffiles%2Fen-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fweb_standards%2Fthe_web_standards_model%2Findex.md%0A*+Last+commit%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fcommit%2Ffd2083c0166280bd96e1ab5f0a96fc8f90ceb3eb%0A*+Document+last+modified%3A+2025-11-19T10%3A31%3A03.000Z%0A%0A%3C%2Fdetails%3E "This will take you to GitHub to file a new issue.") 1. [Learn web development](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development) 2. [MDN curriculum](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/curriculum/) 3. [Getting started modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started) 4. [Environment setup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup) 1. [Installing software](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software) 2. [Browsing the web](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Browsing_the_web) 3. [Code editors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Code_editors) 4. [Dealing with files](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files) 5. [Command line](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Command_line) 5. [Your first website](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website) 1. [What will it look like?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like) 2. [Creating the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content) 3. [Styling the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content) 4. [Adding interactivity](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity) 5. [Publishing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website) 6. [Web standards](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards) 1. [How the web works](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works) 2. _[The web standards model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model)_ 3. [How browsers load websites](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites) 7. [Soft skills](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills) 1. [Research and learning](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning) 2. [Collaboration and teamwork](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork) 3. [Workflows and processes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes) 4. [Finding a job](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job) 8. [Core modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core) 9. [Structuring content with HTML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content) 1. [Basic HTML syntax](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Basic_HTML_syntax) 2. [Web page metadata](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Webpage_metadata) 3. [Headings and paragraphs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Headings_and_paragraphs) 4. [Emphasis and importance](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Emphasis_and_importance) 5. [Lists](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Lists) 6. [Test: HTML text basics](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/HTML_text_basics) 7. [Advanced text features](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Advanced_text_features) 8. [Test: Advanced HTML text](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Advanced_HTML_text) 9. [Challenge: Letter markup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Marking_up_a_letter) 10. [Structuring documents](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_documents) 11. [Creating links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Creating_links) 12. [Test: Links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Links) 13. [Challenge: Bird watching site](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_a_page_of_content) 14.


id: the-web-standards-model-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-6
category: reference
title: The web standards model - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:51.936270+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-web-standards-model-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model-6.md


id: your-first-website-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file: data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website-0.md
category: reference
title: Your first website - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
source_url: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:54.285151+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: your-first-website-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
summary:
* [Skip to main content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website#content) * [Skip to search](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website#search) [ MDN ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/) HTML [HTML: Markup language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML) HTML reference * [Elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements) * [Global attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes) * [Attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference "See all HTML references") HTML guides * [Responsive images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Responsive_images) * [HTML cheatsheet](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Cheatsheet) * [Date & time formats](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Date_and_time_formats) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides "See all HTML guides") Markup languages * [SVG](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG) * [MathML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML) * [XML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/XML) CSS [CSS: Styling language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS) CSS reference * [Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties) * [Selectors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors) * [At-rules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules) * [Values](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Values) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference "See all CSS references") CSS guides * [Box model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Box_model/Introduction) * [Animations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Animations/Using) * [Flexbox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Flexible_box_layout/Basic_concepts) * [Colors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Colors/Applying_color) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides "See all CSS guides") Layout cookbook * [Column layouts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Column_layouts) * [Centering an element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Center_an_element) * [Card component](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Card) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook) JavaScriptJS [JavaScript: Scripting language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) JS reference * [Standard built-in objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects) * [Expressions & operators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) * [Statements & declarations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements) * [Functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference "See all JavaScript references") JS guides * [Control flow & error handing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Control_flow_and_error_handling) * [Loops and iteration](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Loops_and_iteration) * [Working with objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_objects) * [Using classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_classes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide "See all JavaScript guides") Web APIs [Web APIs: Programming interfaces](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API) Web API reference * [File system API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API) * [Fetch API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) * [Geolocation API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Geolocation_API) * [HTML DOM API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTML_DOM_API) * [Push API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Push_API) * [Service worker API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API


id: your-first-website-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-1
file: data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website-1.md
category: reference
title: Your first website - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
source_url: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:54.285151+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: your-first-website-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
summary:
[The Frontend Developer Career Path](https://scrimba.com/the-frontend-developer-career-path-c0j?via=mdn) [_MDN learning partner_](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Writing_guidelines/Learning_content#partner_links_and_embeds) [Scrimba's](https://scrimba.com/?via=mdn) _Frontend Developer Career Path_ teaches all you need to know to be a competent front-end web developer, with fun interactive lessons and challenges, knowledgeable teachers, and a supportive community. Go from zero to landing your first front-end job! Many of the course components are available as standalone free versions. ## Help improve MDN [Learn how to contribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Community/Getting_started) This page was last modified on Jun 23, 2025 by [MDN contributors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/contributors.txt). [View this page on GitHub](https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/your_first_website/index.md?plain=1 "Folder: en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/your_first_website \(Opens in a new tab\)") • [Report a problem with this content](https://github.com/mdn/content/issues/new?template=page-report.yml&mdn-url=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FYour_first_website&metadata=%3C%21--+Do+not+make+changes+below+this+line+--%3E%0A%3Cdetails%3E%0A%3Csummary%3EPage+report+details%3C%2Fsummary%3E%0A%0A*+Folder%3A+%60en-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fyour_first_website%60%0A*+MDN+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FYour_first_website%0A*+GitHub+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Ffiles%2Fen-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fyour_first_website%2Findex.md%0A*+Last+commit%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fcommit%2F3e543cdfe8dddfb4774a64bf3decdcbab42a4111%0A*+Document+last+modified%3A+2025-06-23T16%3A41%3A39.000Z%0A%0A%3C%2Fdetails%3E "This will take you to GitHub to file a new issue.") 1. [Learn web development](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development) 2. [MDN curriculum](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/curriculum/) 3. [Getting started modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started) 4. [Environment setup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup) 1. [Installing software](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software) 2. [Browsing the web](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Browsing_the_web) 3. [Code editors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Code_editors) 4. [Dealing with files](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files) 5. [Command line](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Command_line) 5. _[Your first website](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website)_ 1. [What will it look like?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like) 2. [Creating the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content) 3. [Styling the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content) 4. [Adding interactivity](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity) 5. [Publishing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website) 6. [Web standards](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards) 1. [How the web works](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works) 2. [The web standards model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model) 3. [How browsers load websites](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites) 7. [Soft skills](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills) 1. [Research and learning](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning) 2. [Collaboration and teamwork](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork) 3. [Workflows and processes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes) 4. [Finding a job](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job) 8.


id: javascript-adding-interactivity-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
category: reference
title: JavaScript: Adding interactivity - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:56.680745+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: javascript-adding-interactivity-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity-0.md

summary:
* [Skip to main content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity#content) * [Skip to search](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity#search) [ MDN ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/) HTML [HTML: Markup language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML) HTML reference * [Elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements) * [Global attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes) * [Attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference "See all HTML references") HTML guides * [Responsive images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Responsive_images) * [HTML cheatsheet](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Cheatsheet) * [Date & time formats](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Date_and_time_formats) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides "See all HTML guides") Markup languages * [SVG](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG) * [MathML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML) * [XML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/XML) CSS [CSS: Styling language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS) CSS reference * [Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties) * [Selectors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors) * [At-rules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules) * [Values](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Values) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference "See all CSS references") CSS guides * [Box model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Box_model/Introduction) * [Animations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Animations/Using) * [Flexbox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Flexible_box_layout/Basic_concepts) * [Colors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Colors/Applying_color) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides "See all CSS guides") Layout cookbook * [Column layouts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Column_layouts) * [Centering an element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Center_an_element) * [Card component](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Card) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook) JavaScriptJS [JavaScript: Scripting language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) JS reference * [Standard built-in objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects) * [Expressions & operators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) * [Statements & declarations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements) * [Functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference "See all JavaScript references") JS guides * [Control flow & error handing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Control_flow_and_error_handling) * [Loops and iteration](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Loops_and_iteration) * [Working with objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_objects) * [Using classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_classes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide "See all JavaScript guides") Web APIs [Web APIs: Programming interfaces](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API) Web API reference * [File system API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API) * [Fetch API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) * [Geolocation API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Geolocation_API) * [HTML DOM API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTML_DOM_API) * [Push API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Push_API) * [Service worker API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity


id: javascript-adding-interactivity-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-1
category: reference
title: JavaScript: Adding interactivity - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:56.680745+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: javascript-adding-interactivity-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity-1.md

summary:
Let's look at an example. We'll use the same basic list we saw in the last couple of articles: We'll also define a CSS class called `.done` that will style any element it's applied to, making it look like a completed task with green text color and a strikethrough. We'll apply it to our `<li>` elements using JavaScript in the next step. Now on to the JavaScript. Here, we first store references to the `<li>` elements inside a variable called `listItems`. We then define a function called `toggleDone()` that adds the `done` class to a list item if it doesn't already have it, and removes the class if it does. Finally, we loop through the list items (using `forEach()`) and add an event listener (using `addEventListener()`) to each list item so that when it is clicked, the `done` class is toggled, applying the CSS we defined earlier. Don't worry if you don't understand the above JavaScript now. Getting comfortable with JavaScript is more challenging than getting comfortable with HTML and CSS, but things will become clearer later on in the course. This example will render as follows in a web browser: Try clicking the list items a few times and

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity


id: javascript-adding-interactivity-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-2
category: reference
title: JavaScript: Adding interactivity - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:56.680745+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: javascript-adding-interactivity-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity-2.md

summary:
**Note:** This section introduces several important terms. Key concepts include: * [API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/API): A set of features that allows a developer to interact with a programming environment. Web APIs (such as the DOM API features we used above) are built on top of the JavaScript language and allow you to manipulate various parts of the browser and the web pages it displays. * [Events](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Events): Things that happen in the browser. They're key to making websites interactive. You can run code in response to events using **event handler functions** – these are code blocks that run when an event occurs. The most common example is the [click event](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/click_event), which is fired by the browser when a user clicks on something. * [Functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Functions): A way of packaging code that you wish to reuse. You can define your code inside a function once and then run it as many times as you like, which helps you avoid writing the same code over and over. In our example here, we defined a `click` event handler function, which runs every time a user clicks the image. * [Conditionals](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Conditionals): Code structures used to test if an expression returns `true` or `false` and run different code in response

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity


id: javascript-adding-interactivity-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-3
category: reference
title: JavaScript: Adding interactivity - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:56.680745+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: javascript-adding-interactivity-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity-3.md

summary:
[Learn JavaScript](https://learnjavascript.online/) This is an excellent resource for aspiring web developers! Learn JavaScript in an interactive environment, with short lessons and interactive tests, guided by an automated assessment. The first 40 lessons are free. The complete course is available for a small one-time payment. * [ Previous ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content) * [ Overview: Your first website](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website) * [ Next ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website) ## Help improve MDN [Learn how to contribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Community/Getting_started) This page was last modified on Oct 17, 2025 by [MDN contributors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity/contributors.txt). [View this page on GitHub](https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/your_first_website/adding_interactivity/index.md?plain=1 "Folder: en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/your_first_website/adding_interactivity \(Opens in a new tab\)") • [Report a problem with this content](https://github.com/mdn/content/issues/new?template=page-report.yml&mdn-url=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FYour_first_website%2FAdding_interactivity&metadata=%3C%21--+Do+not+make+changes+below+this+line+--%3E%0A%3Cdetails%3E%0A%3Csummary%3EPage+report+details%3C%2Fsummary%3E%0A%0A*+Folder%3A+%60en-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fyour_first_website%2Fadding_interactivity%60%0A*+MDN+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FYour_first_website%2FAdding_interactivity%0A*+GitHub+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Ffiles%2Fen-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fyour_first_website%2Fadding_interactivity%2Findex.md%0A*+Last+commit%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fcommit%2Fb5a6d8bc5fd751032f70b88e7ec1ec61339937de%0A*+Document+last+modified%3A+2025-10-17T01%3A33%3A06.000Z%0A%0A%3C%2Fdetails%3E "This will take you to GitHub to file a new issue.") 1. [Learn web development](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development) 2. [MDN curriculum](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/curriculum/) 3. [Getting started modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started) 4. [Environment setup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup) 1. [Installing software](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software) 2. [Browsing the web](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Browsing_the_web) 3. [Code editors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Code_editors) 4. [Dealing with files](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files) 5. [Command line](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Command_line) 5. [Your first website](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website) 1. [What will it look like?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like) 2. [Creating the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content) 3. [Styling the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content) 4. _[Adding interactivity](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity)_ 5. [Publishing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website) 6. [Web standards](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards) 1. [How the web works](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works) 2. [The web standards model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model) 3. [How browsers load websites](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites) 7. [Soft skills](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills) 1. [Research and learning](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning) 2. [Collaboration and teamwork](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork) 3. [Workflows and processes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes) 4. [Finding a job](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job) 8.


id: javascript-adding-interactivity-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-4
category: reference
title: JavaScript: Adding interactivity - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:56.680745+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: javascript-adding-interactivity-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity-4.md


id: html-creating-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
category: reference
title: HTML: Creating the content - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:59.406836+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: html-creating-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content-0.md

summary:
* [Skip to main content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content#content) * [Skip to search](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content#search) [ MDN ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/) HTML [HTML: Markup language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML) HTML reference * [Elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements) * [Global attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes) * [Attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference "See all HTML references") HTML guides * [Responsive images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Responsive_images) * [HTML cheatsheet](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Cheatsheet) * [Date & time formats](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Date_and_time_formats) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides "See all HTML guides") Markup languages * [SVG](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG) * [MathML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML) * [XML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/XML) CSS [CSS: Styling language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS) CSS reference * [Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties) * [Selectors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors) * [At-rules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules) * [Values](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Values) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference "See all CSS references") CSS guides * [Box model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Box_model/Introduction) * [Animations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Animations/Using) * [Flexbox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Flexible_box_layout/Basic_concepts) * [Colors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Colors/Applying_color) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides "See all CSS guides") Layout cookbook * [Column layouts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Column_layouts) * [Centering an element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Center_an_element) * [Card component](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Card) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook) JavaScriptJS [JavaScript: Scripting language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) JS reference * [Standard built-in objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects) * [Expressions & operators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) * [Statements & declarations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements) * [Functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference "See all JavaScript references") JS guides * [Control flow & error handing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Control_flow_and_error_handling) * [Loops and iteration](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Loops_and_iteration) * [Working with objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_objects) * [Using classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_classes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide "See all JavaScript guides") Web APIs [Web APIs: Programming interfaces](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API) Web API reference * [File system API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API) * [Fetch API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) * [Geolocation API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Geolocation_API) * [HTML DOM API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTML_DOM_API) * [Push API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Push_API) * [Service worker API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content


id: html-creating-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-1
category: reference
title: HTML: Creating the content - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:59.406836+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: html-creating-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content-1.md

summary:
Here, we have the following: * `<!doctype html>`: The [doctype](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Doctype) is a required preamble. In the mists of time, when HTML was young (around 1991/92), doctypes were meant to act as links to a set of rules that the HTML page had to follow to be considered good HTML, which could mean automatic error checking and other useful things. However, these days, they don't do much and are basically just needed to make sure your document behaves correctly. That's all you need to know for now. * `<html></html>`: The [`<html>`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/html) element wraps all the content on the entire page and is sometimes known as the **root element**. It also includes the `lang` [attribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Attribute), which sets the primary language of the document. * `<head></head>`: The [`<head>`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/head) element acts as a container for all the stuff you want to include on the HTML page that _isn't_ the content you are showing to your page's viewers. This includes things like [keywords](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Keyword) and a page description that you want to appear in search results, [CSS](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/CSS) to style the content, character set declarations, and more. * `<meta charset="utf-8">`: This element sets the character set your document should use to [UTF-8](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/UTF-8), which includes most characters from

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content


id: html-creating-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-2
category: reference
title: HTML: Creating the content - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:59.406836+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: html-creating-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content-2.md

summary:
If the image is really large and therefore doesn't fit on the screen, don't worry about it. We'll fix this issue in the next article. **Note:** Find out more about using an `alt` attribute for images in various situations in our [accessible multimedia tutorial](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/Multimedia) and [An alt Decision Tree](https://www.w3.org/WAI/tutorials/images/decision-tree/). ## [Marking up text](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content#marking_up_text) This section will cover some essential HTML elements you'll use for marking up text. **Note:** Scrimba's [The basics of semantic HTML](https://scrimba.com/the-frontend-developer-career-path-c0j/~0xid?via=mdn) [_MDN learning partner_](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Writing_guidelines/Learning_content#partner_links_and_embeds) is an interactive lesson providing a useful description of HTML, with particular emphasis on why the _semantic_ aspect of it is important. ### [Headings](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content#headings) Heading elements allow you to specify that certain parts of your content are headings — or subheadings. In the same way that a book has the main title, chapter titles, and subtitles, an HTML document can too. HTML contains 6 heading levels, [<h1>–<h6>](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/Heading_Elements), although you'll commonly only use 3 to 4 at most: **Note:** Anything in HTML between `<!--` and `-->` is an **HTML comment**. The browser ignores comments as it renders the code. In other words, they are not visible on the page — just in the code. HTML comments are a way for you to add notes

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content


id: html-creating-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-3
category: reference
title: HTML: Creating the content - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:59.406836+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: html-creating-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content-3.md

summary:
## Help improve MDN [Learn how to contribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Community/Getting_started) This page was last modified on Nov 7, 2025 by [MDN contributors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content/contributors.txt). [View this page on GitHub](https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/your_first_website/creating_the_content/index.md?plain=1 "Folder: en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/your_first_website/creating_the_content \(Opens in a new tab\)") • [Report a problem with this content](https://github.com/mdn/content/issues/new?template=page-report.yml&mdn-url=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FYour_first_website%2FCreating_the_content&metadata=%3C%21--+Do+not+make+changes+below+this+line+--%3E%0A%3Cdetails%3E%0A%3Csummary%3EPage+report+details%3C%2Fsummary%3E%0A%0A*+Folder%3A+%60en-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fyour_first_website%2Fcreating_the_content%60%0A*+MDN+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FYour_first_website%2FCreating_the_content%0A*+GitHub+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Ffiles%2Fen-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fyour_first_website%2Fcreating_the_content%2Findex.md%0A*+Last+commit%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fcommit%2F85fccefc8066bd49af4ddafc12c77f35265c7e2d%0A*+Document+last+modified%3A+2025-11-07T15%3A58%3A06.000Z%0A%0A%3C%2Fdetails%3E "This will take you to GitHub to file a new issue.") 1. [Learn web development](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development) 2. [MDN curriculum](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/curriculum/) 3. [Getting started modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started) 4. [Environment setup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup) 1. [Installing software](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software) 2. [Browsing the web](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Browsing_the_web) 3. [Code editors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Code_editors) 4. [Dealing with files](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files) 5. [Command line](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Command_line) 5. [Your first website](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website) 1. [What will it look like?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like) 2. _[Creating the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content)_ 3. [Styling the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content) 4. [Adding interactivity](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity) 5. [Publishing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website) 6. [Web standards](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards) 1. [How the web works](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works) 2. [The web standards model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model) 3. [How browsers load websites](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites) 7. [Soft skills](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills) 1. [Research and learning](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning) 2. [Collaboration and teamwork](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork) 3. [Workflows and processes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes) 4. [Finding a job](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job) 8. [Core modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core) 9. [Structuring content with HTML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content) 1. [Basic HTML syntax](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Basic_HTML_syntax) 2. [Web page metadata](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Webpage_metadata) 3. [Headings and paragraphs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Headings_and_paragraphs) 4. [Emphasis and importance](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Emphasis_and_importance) 5. [Lists](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Lists) 6. [Test: HTML text basics](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/HTML_text_basics) 7. [Advanced text features](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Advanced_text_features) 8. [Test: Advanced HTML text](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Advanced_HTML_text) 9. [Challenge: Letter markup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Marking_up_a_letter) 10. [Structuring documents](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_documents) 11. [Creating links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Creating_links) 12. [Test: Links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Links) 13. [Challenge: Bird watching site](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_a_page_of_content) 14.


id: html-creating-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-4
category: reference
title: HTML: Creating the content - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:03:59.406836+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: html-creating-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content-4.md


id: publishing-your-website-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
category: reference
title: Publishing your website - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:01.939371+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: publishing-your-website-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website-0.md

summary:
* [Skip to main content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website#content) * [Skip to search](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website#search) [ MDN ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/) HTML [HTML: Markup language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML) HTML reference * [Elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements) * [Global attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes) * [Attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference "See all HTML references") HTML guides * [Responsive images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Responsive_images) * [HTML cheatsheet](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Cheatsheet) * [Date & time formats](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Date_and_time_formats) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides "See all HTML guides") Markup languages * [SVG](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG) * [MathML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML) * [XML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/XML) CSS [CSS: Styling language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS) CSS reference * [Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties) * [Selectors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors) * [At-rules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules) * [Values](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Values) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference "See all CSS references") CSS guides * [Box model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Box_model/Introduction) * [Animations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Animations/Using) * [Flexbox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Flexible_box_layout/Basic_concepts) * [Colors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Colors/Applying_color) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides "See all CSS guides") Layout cookbook * [Column layouts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Column_layouts) * [Centering an element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Center_an_element) * [Card component](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Card) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook) JavaScriptJS [JavaScript: Scripting language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) JS reference * [Standard built-in objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects) * [Expressions & operators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) * [Statements & declarations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements) * [Functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference "See all JavaScript references") JS guides * [Control flow & error handing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Control_flow_and_error_handling) * [Loops and iteration](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Loops_and_iteration) * [Working with objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_objects) * [Using classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_classes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide "See all JavaScript guides") Web APIs [Web APIs: Programming interfaces](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API) Web API reference * [File system API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API) * [Fetch API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) * [Geolocation API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Geolocation_API) * [HTML DOM API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTML_DOM_API) * [Push API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Push_API) * [Service worker API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website


id: publishing-your-website-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-1
category: reference
title: Publishing your website - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:01.939371+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: publishing-your-website-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website-1.md

summary:
If you get your web hosting _and_ domain name from the same company, they tend to be configured automatically to talk to one another. However, if you get them from separate companies, or want to change your hosting to a different company, you need to do a bit of setup to point the domain name to the correct server. This is so that people will see your website when they navigate to that web address. This is usually done by logging into your domain registrar's website, and setting your domain's [nameservers](https://kinsta.com/blog/what-is-a-nameserver/) to the ones provided by your hosting company. Companies use various mechanisms to transfer files to their web servers. Many will have more than one option; typical options include: * A drag and drop interface (you'll see an example of this in [Publishing via GitHub](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website#publishing_via_github), later on). * A [File Transfer Protocol (FTP)](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/FTP) program. FTP programs vary widely, but generally, you have to connect to your web server using details provided by your hosting company (typically username, password, hostname). Then the program shows you your local files and the web server's files in two windows, and provides a way for you to transfer files back and forth. * Keeping

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website


id: publishing-your-website-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-2
category: reference
title: Publishing your website - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:01.939371+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: publishing-your-website-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website-2.md

summary:
To learn more, see [GitHub Pages Help](https://docs.github.com/en/pages/getting-started-with-github-pages). ## [Further reading](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website#further_reading) * [What is a web server](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Web_mechanics/What_is_a_web_server) * [Understanding domain names](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Web_mechanics/What_is_a_domain_name) * [How much does it cost to do something on the web?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Tools_and_setup/How_much_does_it_cost) * [Deploy a Website](https://www.codecademy.com/learn/deploy-a-website): A nice tutorial from Codecademy that goes a bit further and shows some additional techniques. * [ Previous ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity) * [ Overview: Your first website](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website) * [ Next ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards) ## Help improve MDN [Learn how to contribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Community/Getting_started) This page was last modified on Jan 25, 2026 by [MDN contributors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website/contributors.txt). [View this page on GitHub](https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/your_first_website/publishing_your_website/index.md?plain=1 "Folder: en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/your_first_website/publishing_your_website \(Opens in a new tab\)") • [Report a problem with this content](https://github.com/mdn/content/issues/new?template=page-report.yml&mdn-url=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FYour_first_website%2FPublishing_your_website&metadata=%3C%21--+Do+not+make+changes+below+this+line+--%3E%0A%3Cdetails%3E%0A%3Csummary%3EPage+report+details%3C%2Fsummary%3E%0A%0A*+Folder%3A+%60en-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fyour_first_website%2Fpublishing_your_website%60%0A*+MDN+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FYour_first_website%2FPublishing_your_website%0A*+GitHub+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Ffiles%2Fen-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fyour_first_website%2Fpublishing_your_website%2Findex.md%0A*+Last+commit%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fcommit%2F06e6e54baef7032c4e81ca93291fde0a0585de8b%0A*+Document+last+modified%3A+2026-01-25T19%3A35%3A57.000Z%0A%0A%3C%2Fdetails%3E "This will take you to GitHub to file a new issue.") 1. [Learn web development](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development) 2. [MDN curriculum](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/curriculum/) 3. [Getting started modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started) 4. [Environment setup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup) 1. [Installing software](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software) 2. [Browsing the web](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Browsing_the_web) 3. [Code editors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Code_editors) 4. [Dealing with files](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files) 5. [Command line](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Command_line) 5. [Your first website](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website) 1. [What will it look like?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like) 2. [Creating the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content) 3. [Styling the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content) 4. [Adding interactivity](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity) 5. _[Publishing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website)_ 6. [Web standards](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards) 1. [How the web works](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works) 2. [The web standards model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model) 3. [How browsers load websites](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites) 7. [Soft skills](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills) 1. [Research and learning](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning) 2. [Collaboration and teamwork](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork) 3. [Workflows

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website


id: publishing-your-website-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-3
category: reference
title: Publishing your website - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:01.939371+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: publishing-your-website-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website-3.md


id: css-styling-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
category: reference
title: CSS: Styling the content - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:04.411522+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: css-styling-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content-0.md

summary:
* [Skip to main content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content#content) * [Skip to search](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content#search) [ MDN ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/) HTML [HTML: Markup language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML) HTML reference * [Elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements) * [Global attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes) * [Attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference "See all HTML references") HTML guides * [Responsive images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Responsive_images) * [HTML cheatsheet](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Cheatsheet) * [Date & time formats](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Date_and_time_formats) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides "See all HTML guides") Markup languages * [SVG](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG) * [MathML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML) * [XML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/XML) CSS [CSS: Styling language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS) CSS reference * [Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties) * [Selectors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors) * [At-rules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules) * [Values](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Values) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference "See all CSS references") CSS guides * [Box model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Box_model/Introduction) * [Animations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Animations/Using) * [Flexbox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Flexible_box_layout/Basic_concepts) * [Colors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Colors/Applying_color) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides "See all CSS guides") Layout cookbook * [Column layouts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Column_layouts) * [Centering an element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Center_an_element) * [Card component](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Card) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook) JavaScriptJS [JavaScript: Scripting language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) JS reference * [Standard built-in objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects) * [Expressions & operators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) * [Statements & declarations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements) * [Functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference "See all JavaScript references") JS guides * [Control flow & error handing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Control_flow_and_error_handling) * [Loops and iteration](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Loops_and_iteration) * [Working with objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_objects) * [Using classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_classes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide "See all JavaScript guides") Web APIs [Web APIs: Programming interfaces](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API) Web API reference * [File system API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API) * [Fetch API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) * [Geolocation API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Geolocation_API) * [HTML DOM API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTML_DOM_API) * [Push API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Push_API) * [Service worker API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content


id: css-styling-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-1
category: reference
title: CSS: Styling the content - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:04.411522+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: css-styling-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content-1.md

summary:
![A Mozilla logo and some paragraphs. The paragraph text has been styled red by our css.](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content/website-screenshot-styled.png) If your paragraph text is red, congratulations! Your CSS is working. If not, go through the above steps and check carefully that you have followed each one correctly. ## [CSS syntax basics](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content#css_syntax_basics) In the previous CSS example, `p` is called a **selector** — it selects the element(s) to style. In particular, `p` selects all the paragraphs in the HTML. The line inside the curly braces (`{ }`) is called a **declaration** – it sets a value for a specific property. In this case, the **property** is `color`, which controls the text color of the paragraphs, and the **property value** set is `red`. The whole structure is called a **ruleset**. (The term _ruleset_ is often referred to as just _rule_.) Let's look at another ruleset, this time with multiple declarations: Within a ruleset, you must use a semicolon (`;`) to separate one declaration from the next. Within each declaration, you must use a colon (`:`) to separate the property and its value. You can also include multiple selectors in one rule, separated by commas, to select multiple elements. For example: In this CSS rule, we've

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content


id: css-styling-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-2
category: reference
title: CSS: Styling the content - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:04.411522+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: css-styling-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content-2.md

summary:
## [Changing the page color](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content#changing_the_page_color) Add the following: This rule sets a background color for the entire page. Change the color code to the color you chose in [What will your website look like?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like#choosing_a_theme_color). ## [Styling the body](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content#styling_the_body) Next, add this rule: The above code sets new values for several properties of the [`<body>`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/body) element. Let's go through these line-by-line: * `width: 600px;`: This forces the body to always be 600 pixels wide. * `margin: 0 auto;`: When you set two values on a property like `margin` or `padding`, the first value affects the element's top _and_ bottom side (setting it to `0` in this case); the second value affects the left _and_ right side. `auto` is a special value that divides the available horizontal space evenly between left and right. * `background-color: #FF9500;`: This sets the element's background color. Our project uses a reddish orange for the `<body>` background color to contrast with the dark blue used for the [`<html>`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/html) element. * `padding: 0 20px 20px 20px;`: This sets four values for padding. The goal is to put some space around the content. In this example, there is no padding on the top of the body, and 20 pixels

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content


id: css-styling-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-3
category: reference
title: CSS: Styling the content - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:04.411522+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: css-styling-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content-3.md

summary:
## Help improve MDN [Learn how to contribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Community/Getting_started) This page was last modified on Oct 30, 2025 by [MDN contributors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content/contributors.txt). [View this page on GitHub](https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/your_first_website/styling_the_content/index.md?plain=1 "Folder: en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/your_first_website/styling_the_content \(Opens in a new tab\)") • [Report a problem with this content](https://github.com/mdn/content/issues/new?template=page-report.yml&mdn-url=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FYour_first_website%2FStyling_the_content&metadata=%3C%21--+Do+not+make+changes+below+this+line+--%3E%0A%3Cdetails%3E%0A%3Csummary%3EPage+report+details%3C%2Fsummary%3E%0A%0A*+Folder%3A+%60en-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fyour_first_website%2Fstyling_the_content%60%0A*+MDN+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FYour_first_website%2FStyling_the_content%0A*+GitHub+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Ffiles%2Fen-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fyour_first_website%2Fstyling_the_content%2Findex.md%0A*+Last+commit%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fcommit%2F2d78abb3e793352e24e976ce0e68c08d817bd7f3%0A*+Document+last+modified%3A+2025-10-30T16%3A59%3A53.000Z%0A%0A%3C%2Fdetails%3E "This will take you to GitHub to file a new issue.") 1. [Learn web development](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development) 2. [MDN curriculum](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/curriculum/) 3. [Getting started modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started) 4. [Environment setup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup) 1. [Installing software](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software) 2. [Browsing the web](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Browsing_the_web) 3. [Code editors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Code_editors) 4. [Dealing with files](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files) 5. [Command line](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Command_line) 5. [Your first website](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website) 1. [What will it look like?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like) 2. [Creating the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content) 3. _[Styling the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content)_ 4. [Adding interactivity](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity) 5. [Publishing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website) 6. [Web standards](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards) 1. [How the web works](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works) 2. [The web standards model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model) 3. [How browsers load websites](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites) 7. [Soft skills](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills) 1. [Research and learning](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning) 2. [Collaboration and teamwork](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork) 3. [Workflows and processes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes) 4. [Finding a job](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job) 8. [Core modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core) 9. [Structuring content with HTML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content) 1. [Basic HTML syntax](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Basic_HTML_syntax) 2. [Web page metadata](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Webpage_metadata) 3. [Headings and paragraphs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Headings_and_paragraphs) 4. [Emphasis and importance](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Emphasis_and_importance) 5. [Lists](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Lists) 6. [Test: HTML text basics](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/HTML_text_basics) 7. [Advanced text features](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Advanced_text_features) 8. [Test: Advanced HTML text](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Advanced_HTML_text) 9. [Challenge: Letter markup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Marking_up_a_letter) 10. [Structuring documents](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_documents) 11. [Creating links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Creating_links) 12. [Test: Links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Links) 13. [Challenge: Bird watching site](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_a_page_of_content) 14.


id: css-styling-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-4
category: reference
title: CSS: Styling the content - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:04.411522+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: css-styling-the-content-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content-4.md


id: what-will-your-website-look-like-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
category: reference
title: What will your website look like? - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:07.408672+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: what-will-your-website-look-like-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like-0.md

summary:
* [Skip to main content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like#content) * [Skip to search](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like#search) [ MDN ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/) HTML [HTML: Markup language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML) HTML reference * [Elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements) * [Global attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes) * [Attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference "See all HTML references") HTML guides * [Responsive images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Responsive_images) * [HTML cheatsheet](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Cheatsheet) * [Date & time formats](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Date_and_time_formats) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides "See all HTML guides") Markup languages * [SVG](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG) * [MathML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML) * [XML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/XML) CSS [CSS: Styling language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS) CSS reference * [Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties) * [Selectors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors) * [At-rules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules) * [Values](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Values) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference "See all CSS references") CSS guides * [Box model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Box_model/Introduction) * [Animations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Animations/Using) * [Flexbox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Flexible_box_layout/Basic_concepts) * [Colors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Colors/Applying_color) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides "See all CSS guides") Layout cookbook * [Column layouts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Column_layouts) * [Centering an element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Center_an_element) * [Card component](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Card) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook) JavaScriptJS [JavaScript: Scripting language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) JS reference * [Standard built-in objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects) * [Expressions & operators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) * [Statements & declarations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements) * [Functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference "See all JavaScript references") JS guides * [Control flow & error handing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Control_flow_and_error_handling) * [Loops and iteration](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Loops_and_iteration) * [Working with objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_objects) * [Using classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_classes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide "See all JavaScript guides") Web APIs [Web APIs: Programming interfaces](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API) Web API reference * [File system API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API) * [Fetch API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) * [Geolocation API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Geolocation_API) * [HTML DOM API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTML_DOM_API) * [Push API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Push_API) * [Service worker API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like


id: what-will-your-website-look-like-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-1
category: reference
title: What will your website look like? - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:07.408672+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: what-will-your-website-look-like-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like-1.md

summary:
![Color format converter tool on MDN Docs website](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like/color_format_converter.jpg) ## [Choosing an image](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like#choosing_an_image) Now it's time to find an image to show on your site. 1. Go to [Google Images](https://www.google.com/imghp). 2. Note that most images on the web, including in Google Images, are copyrighted. To reduce your likelihood of violating copyright, you can use Google's license filter. Click on the _Tools_ button, then on the resulting _Usage rights_ option that appears below. You should choose the option _Creative Commons licenses_. ![Filtered search results to get images of Creative Commons Licenses on Google Images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like/updated-google-images-licensing.png) 3. Search for a suitable image. 4. When you find the image you want, click on the image to get an enlarged view of it. 5. Right-click the image (`Ctrl` + click on a Mac), choose _Save Image As…_ , and choose a safe place to save your image. ![Search results for a search term on Google Images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like/updated-google-images.png) ## [Choosing a font](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like#choosing_a_font) There is a set of fonts called the [web safe fonts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Fundamentals#web_safe_fonts) — such as Arial, Times New Roman, or Courier New — that are generally available on most computer systems. If you use one of these fonts on your website, the browser will load the font

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like


id: what-will-your-website-look-like-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-2
category: reference
title: What will your website look like? - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:07.408672+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: what-will-your-website-look-like-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like-2.md

summary:
## Help improve MDN [Learn how to contribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Community/Getting_started) This page was last modified on Nov 7, 2025 by [MDN contributors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like/contributors.txt). [View this page on GitHub](https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/your_first_website/what_will_your_website_look_like/index.md?plain=1 "Folder: en-us/learn_web_development/getting_started/your_first_website/what_will_your_website_look_like \(Opens in a new tab\)") • [Report a problem with this content](https://github.com/mdn/content/issues/new?template=page-report.yml&mdn-url=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FYour_first_website%2FWhat_will_your_website_look_like&metadata=%3C%21--+Do+not+make+changes+below+this+line+--%3E%0A%3Cdetails%3E%0A%3Csummary%3EPage+report+details%3C%2Fsummary%3E%0A%0A*+Folder%3A+%60en-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fyour_first_website%2Fwhat_will_your_website_look_like%60%0A*+MDN+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FGetting_started%2FYour_first_website%2FWhat_will_your_website_look_like%0A*+GitHub+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Ffiles%2Fen-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fgetting_started%2Fyour_first_website%2Fwhat_will_your_website_look_like%2Findex.md%0A*+Last+commit%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fcommit%2F85fccefc8066bd49af4ddafc12c77f35265c7e2d%0A*+Document+last+modified%3A+2025-11-07T15%3A58%3A06.000Z%0A%0A%3C%2Fdetails%3E "This will take you to GitHub to file a new issue.") 1. [Learn web development](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development) 2. [MDN curriculum](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/curriculum/) 3. [Getting started modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started) 4. [Environment setup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup) 1. [Installing software](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software) 2. [Browsing the web](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Browsing_the_web) 3. [Code editors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Code_editors) 4. [Dealing with files](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files) 5. [Command line](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Command_line) 5. [Your first website](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website) 1. _[What will it look like?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like)_ 2. [Creating the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content) 3. [Styling the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content) 4. [Adding interactivity](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity) 5. [Publishing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website) 6. [Web standards](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards) 1. [How the web works](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works) 2. [The web standards model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model) 3. [How browsers load websites](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites) 7. [Soft skills](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills) 1. [Research and learning](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning) 2. [Collaboration and teamwork](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork) 3. [Workflows and processes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes) 4. [Finding a job](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Finding_a_job) 8. [Core modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core) 9. [Structuring content with HTML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content) 1. [Basic HTML syntax](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Basic_HTML_syntax) 2. [Web page metadata](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Webpage_metadata) 3. [Headings and paragraphs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Headings_and_paragraphs) 4. [Emphasis and importance](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Emphasis_and_importance) 5. [Lists](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Lists) 6. [Test: HTML text basics](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/HTML_text_basics) 7. [Advanced text features](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Advanced_text_features) 8. [Test: Advanced HTML text](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Advanced_HTML_text) 9. [Challenge: Letter markup](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Marking_up_a_letter) 10. [Structuring documents](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_documents) 11. [Creating links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Creating_links) 12. [Test: Links](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Test_your_skills/Links) 13. [Challenge: Bird watching site](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_a_page_of_content) 14.

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like


id: what-will-your-website-look-like-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-3
category: reference
title: What will your website look like? - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:07.408672+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: what-will-your-website-look-like-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like-3.md


id: how-to-solve-common-problems-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file: data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto-0.md
category: reference
title: How to solve common problems - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
source_url: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:09.997823+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: how-to-solve-common-problems-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
summary:
* [Skip to main content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto#content) * [Skip to search](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto#search) [ MDN ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/) HTML [HTML: Markup language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML) HTML reference * [Elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements) * [Global attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes) * [Attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference "See all HTML references") HTML guides * [Responsive images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Responsive_images) * [HTML cheatsheet](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Cheatsheet) * [Date & time formats](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Date_and_time_formats) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides "See all HTML guides") Markup languages * [SVG](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG) * [MathML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML) * [XML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/XML) CSS [CSS: Styling language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS) CSS reference * [Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties) * [Selectors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors) * [At-rules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules) * [Values](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Values) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference "See all CSS references") CSS guides * [Box model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Box_model/Introduction) * [Animations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Animations/Using) * [Flexbox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Flexible_box_layout/Basic_concepts) * [Colors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Colors/Applying_color) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides "See all CSS guides") Layout cookbook * [Column layouts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Column_layouts) * [Centering an element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Center_an_element) * [Card component](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Card) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook) JavaScriptJS [JavaScript: Scripting language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) JS reference * [Standard built-in objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects) * [Expressions & operators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) * [Statements & declarations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements) * [Functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference "See all JavaScript references") JS guides * [Control flow & error handing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Control_flow_and_error_handling) * [Loops and iteration](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Loops_and_iteration) * [Working with objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_objects) * [Using classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_classes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide "See all JavaScript guides") Web APIs [Web APIs: Programming interfaces](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API) Web API reference * [File system API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API) * [Fetch API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) * [Geolocation API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Geolocation_API) * [HTML DOM API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTML_DOM_API) * [Push API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Push_API) * [Service worker API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API


id: design-and-accessibility-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file: data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility-0.md
category: reference
title: Design and accessibility - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
source_url: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:12.087328+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: design-and-accessibility-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
summary:
* [Skip to main content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility#content) * [Skip to search](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility#search) [ MDN ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/) HTML [HTML: Markup language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML) HTML reference * [Elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements) * [Global attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes) * [Attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference "See all HTML references") HTML guides * [Responsive images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Responsive_images) * [HTML cheatsheet](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Cheatsheet) * [Date & time formats](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Date_and_time_formats) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides "See all HTML guides") Markup languages * [SVG](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG) * [MathML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML) * [XML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/XML) CSS [CSS: Styling language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS) CSS reference * [Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties) * [Selectors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors) * [At-rules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules) * [Values](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Values) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference "See all CSS references") CSS guides * [Box model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Box_model/Introduction) * [Animations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Animations/Using) * [Flexbox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Flexible_box_layout/Basic_concepts) * [Colors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Colors/Applying_color) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides "See all CSS guides") Layout cookbook * [Column layouts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Column_layouts) * [Centering an element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Center_an_element) * [Card component](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Card) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook) JavaScriptJS [JavaScript: Scripting language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) JS reference * [Standard built-in objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects) * [Expressions & operators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) * [Statements & declarations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements) * [Functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference "See all JavaScript references") JS guides * [Control flow & error handing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Control_flow_and_error_handling) * [Loops and iteration](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Loops_and_iteration) * [Working with objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_objects) * [Using classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_classes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide "See all JavaScript guides") Web APIs [Web APIs: Programming interfaces](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API) Web API reference * [File system API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API) * [Fetch API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) * [Geolocation API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Geolocation_API) * [HTML DOM API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTML_DOM_API) * [Push API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Push_API) * [Service worker API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API


id: what-do-common-web-layouts-contain-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
category: reference
title: What do common web layouts contain? - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:14.209443+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: what-do-common-web-layouts-contain-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Common_web_layouts-0.md

summary:
* [Skip to main content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Common_web_layouts#content) * [Skip to search](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Common_web_layouts#search) [ MDN ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/) HTML [HTML: Markup language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML) HTML reference * [Elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements) * [Global attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes) * [Attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference "See all HTML references") HTML guides * [Responsive images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Responsive_images) * [HTML cheatsheet](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Cheatsheet) * [Date & time formats](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Date_and_time_formats) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides "See all HTML guides") Markup languages * [SVG](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG) * [MathML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML) * [XML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/XML) CSS [CSS: Styling language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS) CSS reference * [Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties) * [Selectors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors) * [At-rules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules) * [Values](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Values) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference "See all CSS references") CSS guides * [Box model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Box_model/Introduction) * [Animations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Animations/Using) * [Flexbox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Flexible_box_layout/Basic_concepts) * [Colors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Colors/Applying_color) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides "See all CSS guides") Layout cookbook * [Column layouts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Column_layouts) * [Centering an element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Center_an_element) * [Card component](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Card) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook) JavaScriptJS [JavaScript: Scripting language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) JS reference * [Standard built-in objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects) * [Expressions & operators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) * [Statements & declarations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements) * [Functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference "See all JavaScript references") JS guides * [Control flow & error handing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Control_flow_and_error_handling) * [Loops and iteration](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Loops_and_iteration) * [Working with objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_objects) * [Using classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_classes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide "See all JavaScript guides") Web APIs [Web APIs: Programming interfaces](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API) Web API reference * [File system API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API) * [Fetch API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) * [Geolocation API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Geolocation_API) * [HTML DOM API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTML_DOM_API) * [Push API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Push_API) * [Service worker API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Common_web_layouts


id: what-do-common-web-layouts-contain-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-1
category: reference
title: What do common web layouts contain? - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:14.209443+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: what-do-common-web-layouts-contain-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Common_web_layouts-1.md

summary:
[Footer](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Common_web_layouts#footer) Visible at the bottom of every page on the site. Like the header, contains less prominent global information like legal notices or contact info. These elements are quite common in all form factors, but they can be laid out different ways. Here are some examples (**1** represents header, **2** footer; **A** main content; **B1, B2** things on the side): **1-column layout**. Especially important for mobile browsers so you don't clutter the small screen up. ![Example of a 1 column layout: Main on top and asides stacked beneath it.](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Common_web_layouts/1-col-layout.png) **2-column layout**. Often used to target tablets, since they have medium-size screens. ![Example of a basic 2 column layout: One aside on the left column, and main on the right column.](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Common_web_layouts/2-col-layout-right.png) ![Example of a basic 2 column layout: One aside on the right column, and main on the left column.](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Common_web_layouts/2-col-layout-left.png) **3-column layouts**. Only suitable for desktops with big screens. (Even many desktop-users prefer viewing things in small windows rather than fullscreen.) ![Example of a basic 3 column layout: Aside on the left and right column, Main on the middle column.](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Common_web_layouts/3-col-layout.png) ![Another example of a 3 column layout: Aside side by side on the left, Main on the right column.](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Common_web_layouts/3-col-layout-alt.png) ![Another example

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Common_web_layouts


id: what-do-common-web-layouts-contain-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-2
category: reference
title: What do common web layouts contain? - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:14.209443+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: what-do-common-web-layouts-contain-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Common_web_layouts-2.md

summary:
[Highlight the first paragraph](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Solve_CSS_problems/Highlight_first_para) 11. [Make a box semi-transparent](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Solve_CSS_problems/Make_box_transparent) 12. [Use generated content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Solve_CSS_problems/Generated_content) 7. [Common HTML problems](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Solve_HTML_problems) 8. [Common JavaScript problems](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Solve_JavaScript_problems) [MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/) Your blueprint for a better internet. * [](https://github.com/mdn/) * [](https://bsky.app/profile/developer.mozilla.org) * [](https://x.com/mozdevnet) * [](https://mastodon.social/@mdn) * [](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/blog/rss.xml) MDN * [ About ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/about) * [ Blog ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/blog/) * [ Mozilla careers ](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/careers/listings/) * [ Advertise with us ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/advertising) * [ MDN Plus ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/plus) * [ Product help ](https://support.mozilla.org/products/mdn-plus) Contribute * [ MDN Community ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/community) * [ Community resources ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Community) * [ Writing guidelines ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Writing_guidelines) * [ MDN Discord ](https://developer.mozilla.org/discord) * [ MDN on GitHub ](https://github.com/mdn) Developers * [ Web technologies ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web) * [ Learn web development ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development) * [ Guides ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Guides) * [ Tutorials ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Tutorials) * [ Glossary ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary) * [ Hacks blog ](https://hacks.mozilla.org/) [Mozilla](https://www.mozilla.org/) * [Website Privacy Notice](https://www.mozilla.org/privacy/websites/) * [Telemetry Settings](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/privacy/websites/data-preferences/) * [Legal](https://www.mozilla.org/about/legal/terms/mozilla) * [Community Participation Guidelines](https://www.mozilla.org/about/governance/policies/participation/) Visit [Mozilla Corporation’s](https://www.mozilla.org/) not-for-profit parent, the [Mozilla Foundation](https://foundation.mozilla.org/). Portions of this content are ©1998–2026 by individual mozilla.org contributors. Content available under [a Creative Commons license](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/MDN/Writing_guidelines/Attrib_copyright_license).

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Common_web_layouts


id: how-can-we-design-for-all-types-of-users-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
category: reference
title: How can we design for all types of users? - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:16.565521+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: how-can-we-design-for-all-types-of-users-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Design_for_all_types_of_users-0.md

summary:
* [Skip to main content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Design_for_all_types_of_users#content) * [Skip to search](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Design_for_all_types_of_users#search) [ MDN ](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/) HTML [HTML: Markup language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML) HTML reference * [Elements](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements) * [Global attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes) * [Attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference "See all HTML references") HTML guides * [Responsive images](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Responsive_images) * [HTML cheatsheet](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Cheatsheet) * [Date & time formats](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides/Date_and_time_formats) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Guides "See all HTML guides") Markup languages * [SVG](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG) * [MathML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML) * [XML](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/XML) CSS [CSS: Styling language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS) CSS reference * [Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties) * [Selectors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors) * [At-rules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules) * [Values](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Values) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference "See all CSS references") CSS guides * [Box model](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Box_model/Introduction) * [Animations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Animations/Using) * [Flexbox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Flexible_box_layout/Basic_concepts) * [Colors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Colors/Applying_color) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides "See all CSS guides") Layout cookbook * [Column layouts](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Column_layouts) * [Centering an element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Center_an_element) * [Card component](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook/Card) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/How_to/Layout_cookbook) JavaScriptJS [JavaScript: Scripting language](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) JS reference * [Standard built-in objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects) * [Expressions & operators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators) * [Statements & declarations](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements) * [Functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference "See all JavaScript references") JS guides * [Control flow & error handing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Control_flow_and_error_handling) * [Loops and iteration](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Loops_and_iteration) * [Working with objects](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_objects) * [Using classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_classes) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide "See all JavaScript guides") Web APIs [Web APIs: Programming interfaces](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API) Web API reference * [File system API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API) * [Fetch API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) * [Geolocation API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Geolocation_API) * [HTML DOM API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTML_DOM_API) * [Push API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Push_API) * [Service worker API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API) * [See all…](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Design_for_all_types_of_users


id: how-can-we-design-for-all-types-of-users-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-1
category: reference
title: How can we design for all types of users? - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:16.565521+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: how-can-we-design-for-all-types-of-users-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Design_for_all_types_of_users-1.md

summary:
[Rem-based sizes: `rem`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Design_for_all_types_of_users#rem-based_sizes_rem) This unit is proportional to the root element's font size and is expressed as portions of 1, like `em`. Suppose we wanted a base font size of 16px and an h1 (main heading) at the equivalent of 32px, yet if within the h1 we find a `span` with the `subheading` class, it too must be rendered at the default font size (usually 16px). Here is the HTML we're using: A percent-based CSS will look like this: The same problem expressed with ems: As you can see, the math quickly gets daunting when you have to keep track of the parent, the parent's parent, the parent's parent's parent, and so on. (Most designs are done in pixel-based software, so the math has to be done by the person coding the CSS). Enter `rem`. This unit is relative to the root element's size and not to any other parent. The CSS can be rewritten thus: Easier, isn't it? This works as of [every current browser](https://caniuse.com/#search=rem), so please feel free to use this unit. **Note:** You may notice Opera Mini does not support font sizing in rem. It will end up setting its own font size, so don't bother feeding

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Design_for_all_types_of_users


id: how-can-we-design-for-all-types-of-users-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-2
category: reference
title: How can we design for all types of users? - Learn web development | MDN
tags: web, html, css, javascript, documentation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:04:16.565521+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: how-can-we-design-for-all-types-of-users-learn-web-development-mdn-20260505-0
file:
data/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Design_for_all_types_of_users-2.md

summary:
[Transcript](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Design_for_all_types_of_users#transcript) Subtitles only work if somebody watches the video. Many users don't have time, or lack the proper plugin or codec. Additionally, search engines rely mainly on text to index your contents. For all these reasons, please provide a text transcript of the video/audio file. ### [Image compression](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Design_for_all_types_of_users#image_compression) Some users may choose to display images, but still have limited bandwidth available, especially in developing countries and on mobile devices. If you want a successful website, please compress your images. There are various tools to help you, either online or local. Generally, local tools are preferred because they can be more integrated with your development workflow; these tools include [ImageOptim](https://imageoptim.com/api) (Mac), [OptiPNG](https://optipng.sourceforge.net/) (all platforms), and [PNGcrush](https://pmt.sourceforge.io/pngcrush/) (DOS, Unix/Linux). ## Help improve MDN [Learn how to contribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Community/Getting_started) This page was last modified on Mar 10, 2026 by [MDN contributors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Design_for_all_types_of_users/contributors.txt). [View this page on GitHub](https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/learn_web_development/howto/design_and_accessibility/design_for_all_types_of_users/index.md?plain=1 "Folder: en-us/learn_web_development/howto/design_and_accessibility/design_for_all_types_of_users \(Opens in a new tab\)") • [Report a problem with this content](https://github.com/mdn/content/issues/new?template=page-report.yml&mdn-url=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FHowto%2FDesign_and_accessibility%2FDesign_for_all_types_of_users&metadata=%3C%21--+Do+not+make+changes+below+this+line+--%3E%0A%3Cdetails%3E%0A%3Csummary%3EPage+report+details%3C%2Fsummary%3E%0A%0A*+Folder%3A+%60en-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fhowto%2Fdesign_and_accessibility%2Fdesign_for_all_types_of_users%60%0A*+MDN+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FLearn_web_development%2FHowto%2FDesign_and_accessibility%2FDesign_for_all_types_of_users%0A*+GitHub+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Ffiles%2Fen-us%2Flearn_web_development%2Fhowto%2Fdesign_and_accessibility%2Fdesign_for_all_types_of_users%2Findex.md%0A*+Last+commit%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Fcontent%2Fcommit%2F5e815d522e796fb2209fa8470616b37e31c572b4%0A*+Document+last+modified%3A+2026-03-10T02%3A29%3A23.000Z%0A%0A%3C%2Fdetails%3E "This will take you to GitHub to file a new issue.") 1. [Learn](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development) 2. [How to](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto) 3. [Web mechanics](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Web_mechanics) 1. [How does the Internet work?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Web_mechanics/How_does_the_Internet_work) 2. [What are hyperlinks?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Web_mechanics/What_are_hyperlinks) 3. [What is a Domain Name?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Web_mechanics/What_is_a_domain_name) 4. [What is a URL?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Web_mechanics/What_is_a_URL) 5. [What is a

source_url:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility/Design_for_all_types_of_users


id: 2026-mlb-standings-and-records-regular-season-mlb-com-20260505-0
file: data/www.mlb.com/standings-0.md
category: reference
title: 2026 MLB Standings and Records: Regular Season | MLB.com
tags: mlb, baseball, sports, standings
source_url: https://www.mlb.com/standings
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:09:40.483103+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: 2026-mlb-standings-and-records-regular-season-mlb-com-20260505-0
summary:
Globe iconLogin iconRecap iconSearch iconTickets icon [![Major League Baseball](https://www.mlbstatic.com/team-logos/league-on-dark/1.svg)](https://www.mlb.com/) * [News](https://www.mlb.com/news) * [Probable Pitchers](https://www.mlb.com/probable-pitchers) * [Awards](https://www.mlb.com/awards) * [Starting Lineups](https://www.mlb.com/starting-lineups) * [Transactions](https://www.mlb.com/transactions) * [Injury Report](https://www.mlb.com/injury-report) * [World Baseball Classic](https://www.mlb.com/world-baseball-classic) * [MLB Draft](https://www.mlb.com/draft/2026) * [All-Star Game](https://www.mlb.com/all-star/) * [AUSL](https://www.mlb.com/ausl) * [MLB Pipeline](https://www.mlb.com/pipeline) * [Postseason History](https://www.mlb.com/postseason/history) * [Podcasts](https://www.mlb.com/fans/podcasts) * [International](https://www.mlb.com/international) * [Watch](https://www.mlb.com/tv?&affiliateId=mlbMENU) Video * [Search](https://www.mlb.com/video) * [Statcast](https://www.mlb.com/video/topic/statcast) * [MLB Network](https://www.mlb.com/network) MLB.TV * [Buy MLB.TV](https://www.mlb.com/live-stream-games/subscribe?&affiliateId=mlbMENU) * [Watch & Listen](https://www.mlb.com/live-stream-games?&affiliateID=mlbMENU) * [Help Center](https://support.mlb.com/s/?&affiliateID=mlbMENU) * [Scores](https://www.mlb.com/scores/) * [Schedule](https://www.mlb.com/schedule) * [2026 Spring Training](https://www.mlb.com/schedule/) * [2026 Regular Season](https://www.mlb.com/schedule/2026-03-25) * [2026 World Baseball Classic](https://www.mlb.com/world-baseball-classic) * [2025 Postseason](https://www.mlb.com/postseason) * [2025 Regular Season](https://www.mlb.com/schedule/2025-03-27) * [MLB Events](https://www.mlb.com/events) * [Team by Team Schedule](https://www.mlb.com/schedule/team-by-team) * [Sync Schedules](https://mlb.ecal.com/) * more-options-1 * [Stats](https://www.mlb.com/stats) * [Standings](https://www.mlb.com/standings) * [Players](https://www.mlb.com/players) * [MLB Play](https://www.mlb.com/play) * [Youth](https://www.mlb.com/youth-baseball-softball) * [MiLB](https://www.mlb.com/milb) * [AUSL](https://www.mlb.com/ausl) * [MLB.TV](https://www.mlb.com/tv?&affiliateId=mlbMENUtv) * [Buy MLB.TV](https://www.mlb.com/live-stream-games/subscribe?&affiliateId=mlbMENUtv) * [Learn More](https://www.mlb.com/live-stream-games/partners/espn?&affiliateId=mlbMENUtv) * [All Packages](https://www.mlb.com/live-stream-games/subscribe/allpackages?&affiliateId=mlbMENUtv) * [Watch & Listen](https://www.mlb.com/live-stream-games?&affiliateID=mlbMENUtv) * [Help Center](https://support.mlb.com/s/?&affiliateID=mlbMENUtv) * [Tickets](https://www.mlb.com/tickets) * [Season Tickets](https://www.mlb.com/tickets/season-tickets) * [Single Game Tickets](https://www.mlb.com/schedule) * [Group Tickets](https://www.mlb.com/tickets/group-tickets) * [Special Ticket Offers](https://www.mlb.com/tickets/fan-value) * [MLB Students](https://www.mlb.com/tickets/students) * [MLB Tourism](https://www.mlb.com/tourism) * [Ticket Terms & Conditions](https://www.mlb.com/tickets/terms-and-conditions) * [Buy on SeatGeek](https://seatgeek.com/mlb-tickets?aid=15994&pid=integration&rid=1&utm_medium=partnership&utm_source=mlb_sponsorship&utm_campaign=integration) * [Sell on SeatGeek](https://seatgeek.com/sell/mlb-tickets?aid=15994&pid=integration&rid=15&utm_medium=partnership&utm_source=mlb_sponsorship&utm_campaign=integration) * [Shop](https://www.mlbshop.com/?_s=bm-mlbcom-hp) * [MLB Online Shop](https://www.mlbshop.com/?_s=bm-mlbcom-hp) * [Auction](https://auctions.mlb.com/iSynApp/showHomePage.action?sid=1101001&isynsharedsession=9mislq-18JnZhOEp-FeGzvUB3G6zxwkeKqwX99MKAttEdaSACl02r4aCDzYhNvUm) * [Gift Cards](https://www.mlbshop.com/gift-cards/x-462351+z-94899005-3509039474?_s=bm-mlbcom-Home) * [MLB NYC Flagship Store](https://www.mlb.com/shop/nyc-retail-store) * [European Shop](http://www.mlbshopeurope.com/stores/mlb/en?portal=MLTS66FS&CMP=PSC-MLTS66FS) * [Teams](https://www.mlb.com/team) AL East * [![Baltimore Orioles Team Logo](https://www.mlbstatic.com/team-logos/110.svg)Baltimore


id: 2026-mlb-standings-and-records-regular-season-mlb-com-20260505-1
file: data/www.mlb.com/standings-1.md
category: reference
title: 2026 MLB Standings and Records: Regular Season | MLB.com
tags: mlb, baseball, sports, standings
source_url: https://www.mlb.com/standings
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:09:40.483103+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: 2026-mlb-standings-and-records-regular-season-mlb-com-20260505-0
summary:
calendar-2-28748 Monday May 04 2026 caret-down-28749 Division caret-down-28750 StandardExpanded | AL East | W | L | PCT | GB | WCGB | L10 | STRK | RS | RA | DIFF | X-W/L | HOME | AWAY | >.500 | Next Game | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [![New York Yankees](https://midfield.mlbstatic.com/v1/team/147/spots/48)New York Yankees](https://www.mlb.com/yankees) | 24 | 11 | .686 | - | - | 8-2 | W4 | 192 | 116 | +76 | 25-10 | 12-5 | 12-6 | 1-5 | [May 5 vs. TEX](https://www.mlb.com/gameday/823553) | | [![Tampa Bay Rays](https://midfield.mlbstatic.com/v1/team/139/spots/48)Tampa Bay Rays](https://www.mlb.com/rays) | 22 | 12 | .647 | 1.5 | +5.5 | 9-1 | W4 | 152 | 141 | +11 | 18-16 | 12-4 | 10-8 | 5-1 | [May 5 vs. TOR](https://www.mlb.com/gameday/822986) | | [![Toronto Blue Jays](https://midfield.mlbstatic.com/v1/team/141/spots/48)Toronto Blue Jays](https://www.mlb.com/bluejays) | 16 | 19 | .457 | 8.0 | 1.0 | 6-4 | L2 | 144 | 162 | -18 | 16-19 | 10-8 | 6-11 | 5-2 | [May 5 @ TB](https://www.mlb.com/gameday/822986) | | [![Baltimore Orioles](https://midfield.mlbstatic.com/v1/team/110/spots/48)Baltimore


id: 2026-mlb-standings-and-records-regular-season-mlb-com-20260505-2
file: data/www.mlb.com/standings-2.md
category: reference
title: 2026 MLB Standings and Records: Regular Season | MLB.com
tags: mlb, baseball, sports, standings
source_url: https://www.mlb.com/standings
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:09:40.483103+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: 2026-mlb-standings-and-records-regular-season-mlb-com-20260505-0
summary:
MIL](https://www.mlb.com/gameday/823062) | | [![Cincinnati Reds](https://midfield.mlbstatic.com/v1/team/113/spots/48)Cincinnati Reds](https://www.mlb.com/reds) | 20 | 15 | .571 | 3.0 | - | 4-6 | L4 | 145 | 168 | -23 | 15-20 | 10-8 | 10-7 | 1-6 | [May 5 @ CHC](https://www.mlb.com/gameday/824682) | | [![Pittsburgh Pirates](https://midfield.mlbstatic.com/v1/team/134/spots/48)Pittsburgh Pirates](https://www.mlb.com/pirates) | 19 | 16 | .543 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 5-5 | W3 | 180 | 149 | +31 | 20-15 | 11-9 | 8-7 | 10-9 | [May 5 @ AZ](https://www.mlb.com/gameday/825092) | | [![Milwaukee Brewers](https://midfield.mlbstatic.com/v1/team/158/spots/48)Milwaukee Brewers](https://www.mlb.com/brewers) | 18 | 16 | .529 | 4.5 | 1.5 | 5-5 | L2 | 175 | 133 | +42 | 21-13 | 10-8 | 8-8 | 1-3 | [May 5 @ STL](https://www.mlb.com/gameday/823062) | | NL West | W | L | PCT | GB | WCGB | L10 | STRK | RS | RA | DIFF | X-W/L | HOME | AWAY | >.500 | Next Game | | [![Los Angeles Dodgers](https://midfield.mlbstatic.com/v1/team/119/spots/48)Los Angeles Dodgers](https://www.mlb.com/dodgers) | 22 | 13 | .629 | - | - | 5-5 | W2 | 183 | 115 | +68 | 25-10 | 12-6 | 10-7 | 3-3 | [May 5 @ HOU](https://www.mlb.com/gameday/824200) | | [![San Diego Padres](https://midfield.mlbstatic.com/v1/team/135/spots/48)San Diego Padres](https://www.mlb.com/padres) | 20 |


id: mlb-scores-scoreboard-results-and-highlights-mlb-com-20260505-1
file: data/www.mlb.com/scores-1.md
category: reference
title: MLB Scores: Scoreboard, Results and Highlights | MLB.com
tags: mlb, baseball, sports, scores
source_url: https://www.mlb.com/scores
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:10:19.627308+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: mlb-scores-scoreboard-results-and-highlights-mlb-com-20260505-0
summary:
calendar-2--:Rcr9cb9: Final | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [![New York Mets](https://www.mlbstatic.com/team-logos/team-cap-on-light/121.svg)](https://www.mlb.com/mets) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | [![Colorado Rockies](https://www.mlbstatic.com/team-logos/team-cap-on-light/115.svg)](https://www.mlb.com/rockies) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | | | R | H | E | | --- | --- | --- | | 4 | 4 | 0 | | 2 | 5 | 0 | [![Mets](https://www.mlbstatic.com/team-logos/team-cap-on-light/121.svg) Mets NYM 13 - 22 ](https://www.mlb.com/mets) [![Rockies](https://www.mlbstatic.com/team-logos/team-cap-on-light/115.svg) Rockies COL 14 - 22 ](https://www.mlb.com/rockies) [![Mets](https://www.mlbstatic.com/team-logos/team-cap-on-light/121.svg) Mets NYM 13 - 22 ](https://www.mlb.com/mets) [![Rockies](https://www.mlbstatic.com/team-logos/team-cap-on-light/115.svg) Rockies COL 14 - 22 ](https://www.mlb.com/rockies) | R | H | E | | --- | --- | --- | | 4 | 4 | 0 | | 2 | 5 | 0 | [ ![Peterson, D](https://midfield.mlbstatic.com/v1/people/656849/silo/30?zoom=1.2) W:Peterson, D 1 - 4|6.29 ERA ](https://www.mlb.com/player/david-peterson-656849)[ ![Sugano](https://midfield.mlbstatic.com/v1/people/608372/silo/30?zoom=1.2) L:Sugano 3 - 2|3.41 ERA ](https://www.mlb.com/player/tomoyuki-sugano-608372)[ ![Williams, D](https://midfield.mlbstatic.com/v1/people/642207/silo/30?zoom=1.2) S:Williams, D 4 ](https://www.mlb.com/player/devin-williams-642207)


id: mlb-scores-scoreboard-results-and-highlights-mlb-com-20260505-2
file: data/www.mlb.com/scores-2.md
category: reference
title: MLB Scores: Scoreboard, Results and Highlights | MLB.com
tags: mlb, baseball, sports, scores
source_url: https://www.mlb.com/scores
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:10:19.627308+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: mlb-scores-scoreboard-results-and-highlights-mlb-com-20260505-0
summary:
Louis Cardinals](https://www.mlbstatic.com/team-logos/team-cap-on-light/138.svg)](https://www.mlb.com/cardinals) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | X | | | R | H | E | | --- | --- | --- | | 3 | 11 | 1 | | 6 | 11 | 0 | [![Brewers](https://www.mlbstatic.com/team-logos/team-cap-on-light/158.svg) Brewers MIL 18 - 16 ](https://www.mlb.com/brewers) [![Cardinals](https://www.mlbstatic.com/team-logos/team-cap-on-light/138.svg) Cardinals STL 21 - 14 ](https://www.mlb.com/cardinals) [![Brewers](https://www.mlbstatic.com/team-logos/team-cap-on-light/158.svg) Brewers MIL 18 - 16 ](https://www.mlb.com/brewers) [![Cardinals](https://www.mlbstatic.com/team-logos/team-cap-on-light/138.svg) Cardinals STL 21 - 14 ](https://www.mlb.com/cardinals) | R | H | E | | --- | --- | --- | | 3 | 11 | 1 | | 6 | 11 | 0 | [ ![Leahy](https://midfield.mlbstatic.com/v1/people/681517/silo/30?zoom=1.2) W:Leahy 4 - 3|4.93 ERA ](https://www.mlb.com/player/kyle-leahy-681517)[ ![Patrick](https://midfield.mlbstatic.com/v1/people/694477/silo/30?zoom=1.2) L:Patrick 2 - 2|3.45 ERA ](https://www.mlb.com/player/chad-patrick-694477)[ ![O'Brien](https://midfield.mlbstatic.com/v1/people/676617/silo/30?zoom=1.2) S:O'Brien 10 ](https://www.mlb.com/player/riley-o-brien-676617) [Watch](https://www.mlb.com/tv/g823064/20260504?affiliateId=SCORES) [Wrap](https://www.mlb.com/gameday/823064/final/wrap) [Box](https://www.mlb.com/gameday/823064/final/box) [Story](https://www.mlb.com/en/stories/game/823064?storylocal=web-scores-game-embed) Final | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [![Los Angeles Dodgers](https://www.mlbstatic.com/team-logos/team-cap-on-light/119.svg)](https://www.mlb.com/dodgers) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | [![Houston


id: 2025-nfl-division-standings-20260505-0
file: data/www.nfl.com/standings-0.md
category: reference
title: 2025 NFL Division Standings
tags: nfl, football, sports, standings
source_url: https://www.nfl.com/standings
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:10:30.209181+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: 2025-nfl-division-standings-20260505-0
summary:
[ Skip to main content ](https://www.nfl.com/standings/#main-content) Advertising # Standings ## Standings * [ Division ](https://www.nfl.com/standings/division/2025/REG) * [ Conference ](https://www.nfl.com/standings/conference/2025/REG) * [ League ](https://www.nfl.com/standings/league/2025/REG)


id: 2025-nfl-division-standings-20260505-1
file: data/www.nfl.com/standings-1.md
category: reference
title: 2025 NFL Division Standings
tags: nfl, football, sports, standings
source_url: https://www.nfl.com/standings
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:10:30.209181+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: 2025-nfl-division-standings-20260505-0
summary:
Year 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 Season Preseason Regular season AMERICAN FOOTBALL CONFERENCE Standings - Detailed View | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [![](https://static.www.nfl.com/t_q-best/league/api/clubs/logos/NE) New England Patriots xz Patriots xz ](https://www.nfl.com/teams/new-england-patriots/) | 14 | 3 | 0 | 0.824 | 490 | 320 | 170 | 6 - 3 -


id: 2025-nfl-division-standings-20260505-2
file: data/www.nfl.com/standings-2.md
category: reference
title: 2025 NFL Division Standings
tags: nfl, football, sports, standings
source_url: https://www.nfl.com/standings
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:10:30.209181+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: 2025-nfl-division-standings-20260505-0
summary:
* DIV : Division Record * CONF : Conference Record * PF : Total Points For * PA : Total Points Against * NET PTS : Net Points * STRK : Streak * x : Clinched Playoff * y : Clinched Wild Card * z : Clinched Division * * : Clinched Division and Homefield Advantage ### LINKS * [ Tie Breaking Procedure ](http://www.nfl.com/standings/tiebreakingprocedures "Tie Breaking Procedure") * [ Complete NFL Standings ](http://www.nfl.com/standings "Complete NFL Standings") Big left arrow icon Big right arrow icon Close icon Copy Url Three dots icon Down arrow icon Email icon Email icon Exit Fullscreen icon External link icon Facebook logo Football icon Facebook logo Instagram logo Snapchat logo YouTube logo TikTok logo Spotify logo LinkedIn logo Grid icon Key icon Left arrow icon Link icon Location icon Mail icon Menu icon Open icon Phone icon Play icon Radio icon Rewind icon Right arrow icon Search icon Select icon Selected icon TV icon Up arrow icon User icon Audio icon Add to calendar iconNFC iconAFC iconNFL iconCarousel IconList ViewWebsiteInstagramTwitterFacebookSnapchatShop IconProfile OverlayAvatarAddAirplayArrow LeftArrow RightArrow UpArrow DownAudioBack 5sBack 10sBack 30sCalendarChartCheckDownLeftRightUpChromecast OffChromecast OnCloseClosed CaptionsBench OffBench OnBroad OffBroad OnVertical OffVertical OnCommentDockDoneDownloadDraftFantasyFilterForward 5sForward 10sForward 30sFull Screen OffFull Screen OnGamepassGamesInsightsKeyLeaveLiveCombineDraftFantasyMenu GamesMenu


id: 2025-nfl-division-standings-20260505-3
file: data/www.nfl.com/standings-3.md
category: reference
title: 2025 NFL Division Standings
tags: nfl, football, sports, standings
source_url: https://www.nfl.com/standings
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:10:30.209181+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: 2025-nfl-division-standings-20260505-0
summary:
#### Your Privacy Choices In order to provide you with free high-quality content that you love to watch and offers that are more relevant to you, the National Football League and our third-party partners collect and share certain personal information. Because we respect your privacy, we also provide you choices with respect to your personal information. You may use the toggles in the sections below to opt out of certain types of tracking (conducted via cookies, pixels, and other technologies), including restricting the use of your information in a way that may be deemed to result in the “sale” or “sharing” of personal information under certain United States laws. If you choose to opt out of these types of tracking, you will still see ads, though they may be less relevant to you. Note that in some instances you may also still observe cookies on your browser, but we send consent signals to such third parties to restrict the use of that information consistent with your privacy preferences. You are always free to turn optional tracking back on using this privacy preference center. For more information about how we collect and share your personal information and other privacy choices you


id: science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:03.707956+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-20260505-0
summary:
Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe. Modern science is typically divided into two – or three – major branches: the natural sciences, which study the physical world, and the social sciences, which study individuals and societies. While referred to as the formal sciences, the study of logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer science are typically regarded as separate because they rely on deductive reasoning instead of the scientific method as their main methodology. Meanwhile, applied sciences are disciplines that use scientific knowledge for practical purposes, such as engineering and medicine. The history of science spans the majority of the historical record, with the earliest identifiable predecessors to modern science dating to the Bronze Age in Egypt and Mesopotamia (c. 3000–1200 BCE). Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped the Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity and later medieval scholarship, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes; while further advances, including the introduction of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system, were made during the Golden Age of India and Islamic Golden Age. The recovery and


id: science-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science-1.md
category: reference
title: Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:03.707956+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-20260505-0
summary:
In classical antiquity, there is no real ancient analogue of a modern scientist. Instead, well-educated, usually upper-class, and almost universally male individuals performed various investigations into nature whenever they could afford the time. Before the invention or discovery of the concept of phusis or nature by the pre-Socratic philosophers, the same words tend to be used to describe the natural "way" in which a plant grows, and the "way" in which, for example, one tribe worships a particular god. For this reason, it is claimed that these men were the first philosophers in the strict sense and the first to clearly distinguish "nature" and "convention". The early Greek philosophers of the Milesian school, which was founded by Thales of Miletus and later continued by his successors Anaximander and Anaximenes, were the first to attempt to explain natural phenomena without relying on the supernatural. The Pythagoreans developed a complex number philosophy and contributed significantly to the development of mathematical science. The theory of atoms was developed by the Greek philosopher Leucippus and his student Democritus. Later, Epicurus would develop a full natural cosmology based on atomism, and would adopt a "canon" (ruler, standard) which established physical criteria or standards of scientific


id: science-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science-2.md
category: reference
title: Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:03.707956+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-20260505-0
summary:
From a single print shop in Mainz, Germany around 1440, the movable type printing-press had spread to no less than around 270 cities in Central, Western and Eastern Europe and had already produced more than 20 million volumes by the end of the 15th century. Printing made scholarly books more widely accessible, allowing researchers to consult ancient texts freely and to compare their own observations with those of fellow scholars. Printing ended the manuscript culture of the Middle Ages, where facts were few and far between, and replaced it with a printing culture where reliable and documented facts rapidly proliferated and became the secure foundation for scientific knowledge. In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus formulated a heliostatic model of the Solar System, with the Sun positioned near the center of the Universe, motionless, with Earth and the other planets orbiting around it in circular motions, modified by epicycles, and at uniform speeds. The Copernican model challenged the dominant geocentric model of Ptolemy, which had placed Earth at the center of the Universe. 16th-century astronomers believed that Copernicus' elimination of the equant was his chief achievement but his model never displaced Ptolemy's, which only fell out of favor 70 years later


id: science-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science-3.md
category: reference
title: Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:03.707956+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-20260505-0
summary:
During the 19th century, many distinguishing characteristics of contemporary modern science began to take shape. These included the transformation of the life and physical sciences; the frequent use of precision instruments; the emergence of terms such as "biologist", "physicist", and "scientist"; an increased professionalisation of those studying nature; scientists gaining cultural authority over many dimensions of society; the industrialisation of numerous countries; the thriving of popular science writings; and the emergence of science journals. During the late 19th century, psychology emerged as a separate discipline from philosophy when Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory for psychological research in 1879. During the mid-19th century Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace independently proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection in 1858, which explained how different plants and animals originated and evolved. Their theory was set out in detail in Darwin's book On the Origin of Species, published in 1859. Separately, Gregor Mendel presented his paper, "Experiments on Plant Hybridisation" in 1865, which outlined the principles of biological inheritance, serving as the basis for modern genetics. Early in the 19th century John Dalton suggested the modern atomic theory, based on Democritus's original idea of indivisible particles called atoms. The laws of conservation


id: science-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science-4.md
category: reference
title: Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:03.707956+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-20260505-0
summary:
Social science is the study of human behaviour and the functioning of societies. It has many disciplines that include, but are not limited to anthropology, economics, history, human geography, political science, psychology, and sociology. In the social sciences, there are many competing theoretical perspectives, many of which are extended through competing research programmes such as the functionalists, conflict theorists, and interactionists in sociology. Due to the limitations of conducting controlled experiments involving large groups of individuals or complex situations, social scientists may adopt other research methods such as the historical method, case studies, and cross-cultural studies. Moreover, if quantitative information is available, social scientists may rely on statistical approaches to better understand social relationships and processes. === Formal === Formal science is an area of study that generates knowledge using formal systems. A formal system is an abstract structure used for inferring theorems from axioms according to a set of rules. It includes mathematics, systems theory, and theoretical computer science. The formal sciences share similarities with the other two branches by relying on objective, careful, and systematic study of an area of knowledge. They are, however, different from the empirical sciences as they rely exclusively on deductive reasoning, without the


id: science-20260505-5
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science-5.md
category: reference
title: Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:03.707956+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-20260505-0
summary:
Scientific research involves using the scientific method, which seeks to objectively explain the events of nature in a reproducible way. Scientists usually take for granted a set of basic assumptions that are needed to justify the scientific method: there is an objective reality shared by all rational observers; this objective reality is governed by natural laws; these laws were discovered by means of systematic observation and experimentation. Mathematics is essential in the formation of hypotheses, theories, and laws, because it is used extensively in quantitative modelling, observing, and collecting measurements. Statistics is used to summarise and analyse data, which allows scientists to assess the reliability of experimental results. In the scientific method an explanatory thought experiment or hypothesis is put forward as an explanation using parsimony principles and is expected to seek consilience – fitting with other accepted facts related to an observation or scientific question. This tentative explanation is used to make falsifiable predictions, which are typically posted before being tested by experimentation. Disproof of a prediction is evidence of progress. Experimentation is especially important in science to help establish causal relationships to avoid the correlation fallacy, though in some sciences such as astronomy or geology, a predicted observation


id: science-20260505-6
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science-6.md
category: reference
title: Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:03.707956+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-20260505-0
summary:
There are different schools of thought in the philosophy of science. The most popular position is empiricism, which holds that knowledge is created by a process involving observation; scientific theories generalise observations. Empiricism generally encompasses inductivism, a position that explains how general theories can be made from the finite amount of empirical evidence available. Many versions of empiricism exist, with the predominant ones being Bayesianism and the hypothetico-deductive method. Empiricism has stood in contrast to rationalism, the position originally associated with Descartes, which holds that knowledge is created by the human intellect, not by observation. Critical rationalism is a contrasting 20th-century approach to science, first defined by Austrian-British philosopher Karl Popper. Popper rejected the way that empiricism describes the connection between theory and observation. He claimed that theories are not generated by observation, but that observation is made in the light of theories, and that the only way theory A can be affected by observation is after theory A were to conflict with observation, but theory B were to survive the observation. Popper proposed replacing verifiability with falsifiability as the landmark of scientific theories, replacing induction with falsification as the empirical method. Popper further claimed that there is actually only


id: science-20260505-7
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science-7.md
category: reference
title: Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:03.707956+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-20260505-0
summary:
=== Awards === Science awards are usually given to individuals or organisations that have made significant contributions to a discipline. They are often given by prestigious institutions; thus, it is considered a great honour for a scientist receiving them. Since the early Renaissance, scientists have often been awarded medals, money, and titles. The Nobel Prize, a widely regarded prestigious award, is awarded annually to those who have achieved scientific advances in the fields of medicine, physics, and chemistry. == Society == === Funding and policies === Funding of science is often through a competitive process in which potential research projects are evaluated and only the most promising receive funding. Such processes, which are run by government, corporations, or foundations, allocate scarce funds. Total research funding in most developed countries is between 1.5% and 3% of GDP. In the OECD, around two-thirds of research and development in scientific and technical fields is carried out by industry, and 20% and 10%, respectively, by universities and government. The government funding proportion in certain fields is higher, and it dominates research in social science and the humanities. In less developed nations, the government provides the bulk of the funds for their basic scientific research.


id: science-20260505-8
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science-8.md
category: reference
title: Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:03.707956+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-20260505-0
summary:
Attitudes towards science are often determined by political opinions and goals. Government, business and advocacy groups have been known to use legal and economic pressure to influence scientific researchers. Many factors can act as facets of the politicisation of science such as anti-intellectualism, perceived threats to religious beliefs, and fear for business interests. Politicisation of science is usually accomplished when scientific information is presented in a way that emphasises the uncertainty associated with the scientific evidence. Tactics such as shifting conversation, failing to acknowledge facts, and capitalising on doubt of scientific consensus have been used to gain more attention for views that have been undermined by scientific evidence. Examples of issues that have involved the politicisation of science include the global warming controversy, health effects of pesticides, and health effects of tobacco. === Challenges === The replication crisis is an ongoing systemic crisis that affects parts of science. The results of a fraction of scientific studies have been proven to be unreproducible. The crisis has long-standing roots; the phrase was coined in the early 2010s as part of a growing awareness of the problem. A 2026 replication study found low replication rates in social and behavioural sciences (business, economics, education,


id: aic-judd-award-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIC_Judd_Award-0.md
category: reference
title: AIC Judd Award
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIC_Judd_Award
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:06.188701+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: aic-judd-award-20260505-0
summary:
The AIC - Deane B. Judd Award is an international prize, created in 1973 and instituted for the first time in 1975 by the International Colour Association (AIC). It is given to researchers or research groups in recognition of outstanding contributions to the field of color science. The award is named in honor of Deane B. Judd, an American scientist who made significant contributions to colorimetry, color discrimination, color models, and color vision. The AIC has been carrying out the process of selection of the recipients for this award every two years, since 1975. The selection is an arduous procedure that includes nominations by AIC members and analysis of antecedents of the nominees by a Committee composed of previous recipients of the award and AIC past-presidents. The award is given at AIC Congresses. == Awardees == The researchers who have received this award in the past 50 years are: 1975: Dorothy Nickerson (USA); 1977: William David Wright (UK); 1979: Günter Wyszecki (Germany, USA, Canada); 1981: Manfred Richter (Germany); 1983: David L. MacAdam (USA); 1985: Leo Hurvich & Dorothea Jameson (USA); 1987: Robert William G. Hunt (UK); 1989: Tarow Indow (Japan, USA); 1991: Johannes J. Vos & Pieter L. Walraven (Netherlands);


id: eurotrac-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurotrac-0.md
category: reference
title: Eurotrac
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurotrac
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:07.434280+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: eurotrac-20260505-0
summary:
EUROTRAC (European Experiment on Transportation and Transformation of Environmentally Relevant Trace Constituents) was a joint European scientific research programme within the Eureka Framework. EUROTRAC was accepted as a Eureka project at the second Eureka Ministerial Conference held in Hannover (Germany) in November 1985. After a two-year definition phase, the work started in January 1988 and ended in 1995. At the peak of the programme, it included more than 250 research groups from 24 European countries and its budget exceeded 16 million ECU per year (equivalent to approx. 16 million Euro). == Objectives and focus areas == The objectives of Eurotrac were to: Increase the basic knowledge in atmospheric science; Promote the technological development of sensitive, specific, and fast response instruments for environmental research and monitoring; Improve the scientific basis for future political decisions on environmental management in European countries. EUROTRAC studied the impact of human activities on the troposphere over Europe, focusing on: The chemistry and transport of photo-oxidants (especially ozone) in the troposphere The processes leading to the formation of acidity in the atmosphere The uptake and release of atmospheric trace substances by the biosphere. EUROTRAC was an interdisciplinary programme involving field experiments and campaigns, laboratory studies, comprehensive model


id: peter-lwabi-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Lwabi-0.md
category: reference
title: Peter Lwabi
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Lwabi
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:10.058054+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: peter-lwabi-20260505-0
summary:
Lwabi Peter Solomon is a consultant pediatric cardiologist at Mulago National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. He concurrently serves as the deputy executive director of Uganda Heart Institute (UHI). He also serves as the Head of the Pediatric Cardiology Division at Makerere University School of Medicine. Peter Lwabi also sits on the Board of Directors of UHI. Lwabi is a Senior Consultant cardiac pediatrician who has trained numerous medical personnel, including nurses, medical students, postgraduate students, and cardiology fellows. He provides mentorship and clinical oversight to research and training initiatives, == Education and background == He holds bachelors of medicine and bachelors of surgery and masters of medicine, paediatrics & child health == Leadership == He worked as the president of the Uganda Heart Association. He also head of the Pediatric Cardiology Division at the Makerere University School of Medicine.A member of the Board of Directors at the Uganda Heart Institute == See also == Roy Mugerwa Aggrey Kiyingi == References == == External links == Website of Uganda Ministry of Health Archived 2024-11-25 at the Wayback Machine A bad heart condition has caused her body to swell


id: physics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics-0.md
category: reference
title: Physics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:11.331393+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: physics-20260505-0
summary:
Physics is the scientific study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. It is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines. A scientist who specializes in the field of physics is called a physicist. Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines. Over much of the past two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics were part of natural philosophy, but during the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century, these natural sciences branched into separate research endeavors. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in these and other academic disciplines, such as mathematics and philosophy. Advances in physics often enable new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism, solid-state physics, and nuclear physics led directly to the development of technologies that have transformed modern society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics


id: physics-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics-1.md
category: reference
title: Physics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:11.331393+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: physics-20260505-0
summary:
The Western Roman Empire fell to invaders and internal decay in the fifth century, resulting in a decline in intellectual pursuits in western Europe. By contrast, the Eastern Roman Empire (usually known as the Byzantine Empire) resisted the attacks from invaders and continued to advance various fields of learning, including physics. In the sixth century, John Philoponus challenged the dominant Aristotelian approach to science although much of his work was focused on Christian theology. In the sixth century, Isidore of Miletus created an important compilation of Archimedes' works that are copied in the Archimedes Palimpsest. Islamic scholarship inherited Aristotelian physics from the Greeks and during the Islamic Golden Age developed it further. The most notable innovations under Islamic scholarship were in the field of optics and vision, which came from the works of many scientists like Ibn Sahl, Al-Kindi, Ibn al-Haytham, Al-Farisi and Avicenna. In his Book of Optics (also known as Kitāb al-Manāẓir) Ibn al-Haytham presented the idea of light rays as an alternative to the ancient Greek idea about visual rays. Like Ptolemy, Ibn al-Haytham applied controlled experiments, verifying the laws of refraction and reflection with the new concept of light rays, but still lacking the concept of


id: physics-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics-2.md
category: reference
title: Physics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:11.331393+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: physics-20260505-0
summary:
Classical physics includes the traditional branches and topics that were recognized and well-developed before the beginning of the 20th century—classical mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism. Classical mechanics is concerned with bodies acted on by forces and bodies in motion and may be divided into statics (study of the forces on a body or bodies not subject to an acceleration), kinematics (study of motion without regard to its causes), and dynamics (study of motion and the forces that affect it); mechanics may also be divided into solid mechanics and fluid mechanics (known together as continuum mechanics), the latter include such branches as hydrostatics, hydrodynamics and pneumatics. Acoustics is the study of how sound is produced, controlled, transmitted and received. Important modern branches of acoustics include ultrasonics, the study of sound waves of very high frequency beyond the range of human hearing; bioacoustics, the physics of animal calls and hearing; and electroacoustics, the manipulation of audible sound waves using electronics. Optics, the study of light, is concerned not only with visible light but also with infrared and ultraviolet radiation, which exhibit all of the phenomena of visible light except visibility, e.g., reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, dispersion, and polarization of light. Heat is a


id: physics-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics-3.md
category: reference
title: Physics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:11.331393+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: physics-20260505-0
summary:
=== Scope and aims === Physics covers a wide range of phenomena, from elementary particles (such as quarks, neutrinos, and electrons) to the largest superclusters of galaxies. Included in these phenomena are the most basic objects composing all other things. Therefore, physics is sometimes called the "fundamental science". Physics aims to describe the various phenomena that occur in nature in terms of simpler phenomena. Thus, physics aims to both connect the things observable to humans to root causes, and then connect these causes together. For example, the ancient Chinese observed that certain rocks (lodestone and magnetite) were attracted to one another by an invisible force. This effect was later called magnetism, which was first rigorously studied in the 17th century. But even before the Chinese discovered magnetism, the ancient Greeks knew of other objects such as amber, that when rubbed with fur would cause a similar invisible attraction between the two. This was also first studied rigorously in the 17th century and came to be called electricity. Thus, physics had come to understand two observations of nature in terms of some root cause (electricity and magnetism). However, further work in the 19th century revealed that these two forces were just


id: physics-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics-4.md
category: reference
title: Physics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:11.331393+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: physics-20260505-0
summary:
Atomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO) is the study of matter—matter and light—matter interactions on the scale of single atoms and molecules. The three areas are grouped together because of their interrelationships, the similarity of methods used, and the commonality of their relevant energy scales. All three areas include both classical, semi-classical and quantum treatments; they can treat their subject from a microscopic view (in contrast to a macroscopic view). Atomic physics studies the electron shells of atoms. Current research focuses on activities in quantum control, cooling and trapping of atoms and ions, low-temperature collision dynamics and the effects of electron correlation on structure and dynamics. Atomic physics is influenced by the nucleus (see hyperfine splitting), but intra-nuclear phenomena such as fission and fusion are considered part of nuclear physics. Molecular physics focuses on multi-atomic structures and their internal and external interactions with matter and light. Optical physics is distinct from optics in that it tends to focus not on the control of classical light fields by macroscopic objects but on the fundamental properties of optical fields and their interactions with matter in the microscopic realm. ==== Condensed matter ==== Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals


id: physics-20260505-5
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics-5.md
category: reference
title: Physics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:11.331393+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: physics-20260505-0
summary:
Ontology is a prerequisite for physics, but not for mathematics. It means physics is ultimately concerned with descriptions of the real world, while mathematics is concerned with abstract patterns, even beyond the real world. Thus physics statements are synthetic, while mathematical statements are analytic. Mathematics contains hypotheses, while physics contains theories. Mathematics statements have to be only logically true, while predictions of physics statements must match observed and experimental data. The distinction is clear-cut, but not always obvious. For example, mathematical physics is the application of mathematics in physics. Its methods are mathematical, but its subject is physical. The problems in this field start with a "mathematical model of a physical situation" (system) and a "mathematical description of a physical law" that will be applied to that system. Every mathematical statement used for solving has a hard-to-find physical meaning. The final mathematical solution has an easier-to-find meaning, because it is what the solver is looking for. === Fundamental vs. applied physics === Physics is a branch of fundamental science (also called basic science). Physics is also called "the fundamental science" because all branches of natural science including chemistry, astronomy, geology, and biology are constrained by laws of physics. Similarly, chemistry


id: scienticide-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienticide-0.md
category: reference
title: Scienticide
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienticide
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:12.556575+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: scienticide-20260505-0
summary:
Scienticide is a concept used to refer to various multifaceted processes or phenomena that lead to the harassment, reduction, or outright destruction of scientific and technological systems in some countries of the world, as well as the exile or abandonment of researchers from their places of training. These can occur for various reasons, such as wars, political repression, lack of opportunities, climate crises, foreign interventions, economic policies, or ideological persecution. == Etymology == The term metaphorically refers to the "murder of science," as it combines the word *science* with the Latin suffix - *cidium*, which comes from the root *caedĕre* ("to kill"). A comparative use of the term has been proposed alongside "femicide", as part of policies aimed at eliminating the scientific and technological systems of a country. == History == The first references to this concept using the English word "scienticide" date back to the 1990s when it was used to refer to the destruction of the network of educational, scientific, and research institutions created by the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia between 1942 and 1945. The educational system established was systematically attacked by the Yugoslav Army in the Homeland, commonly known as *Chetniks*, a nationalist,


id: scientific-lacuna-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_lacuna-0.md
category: reference
title: Scientific lacuna
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_lacuna
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:13.792203+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: scientific-lacuna-20260505-0
summary:
Scientific lacuna describes an area of science that has not been studied but has the potential to be studied scientifically. Often, this may be the case because it falls between different areas of sciences, such that it doesn't fall into a single specific discipline of science. However, it also may be the case that the right situation for study has not yet occurred, or the conditions for study have been too ephemeral. Scientific lacunae often have the potential to be studied in the future when more areas of sciences are explicitly defined or the right conditions do occur, yet this can be made difficult if the area of science is commonly not considered a proper area for scientific study. == References ==


id: uganda-medical-association-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda_Medical_Association-0.md
category: reference
title: Uganda Medical Association
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda_Medical_Association
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:16.353473+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: uganda-medical-association-20260505-0
summary:
The Uganda Medical Association (UMA), is a registered non-governmental, professional organization that brings together all the qualified and duly registered medical doctors in Uganda. == Location == The association maintains its headquarters at Chrisams Designs Building, Kafeeero Road, Old Mulago. Kampala | P.O. Box 2243, Kampala, Uganda, in the central business district of Kampala, the capital and largest city of Uganda. The geographical coordinates of the headquarters of UMA are:Latitude: 0.344796; Longitude: 32.573614). == Objectives == The Association focuses on advocating for doctors' welfare, continuous medical education and training, upholding medical ethics and patient safety, and strengthening public health systems through partnerships with government and NGOs As an association for medical practitioners, this association also focuses on the following. To contribute to universal access to health and health care. To promote professional ethical standards among medical doctors in Uganda. To promote the welfare of medical doctors in Uganda. To mobilize doctors to join and encourage them to actively participate in the Association's activities. To strengthen the financial base of the Association. == Overview == According to the Association's website, UMA has five focus areas: (1) to "contribute to universal access to health and health care" (2) to "promote professional ethical


id: applied-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_science-0.md
category: reference
title: Applied science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:19.283392+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: applied-science-20260505-0
summary:
Applied science is the application of the scientific method and scientific knowledge to attain practical goals. It includes a broad range of disciplines, such as engineering and medicine. Applied science is often contrasted with basic science, which is focused on advancing scientific theories and laws that explain and predict natural or other phenomena. There are applied natural sciences, as well as applied formal and social sciences. Applied science examples include genetic epidemiology which applies statistics and probability theory, and applied psychology, including criminology. == Applied research == Applied research is the use of empirical methods to collect data for practical purposes. It accesses and uses accumulated theories, knowledge, methods, and techniques for a specific state, business, or client-driven purpose. In contrast to engineering, applied research does not include analyses or optimization of business, economics, and costs. Applied research can be better understood in any area when contrasting it with basic or pure research. Basic geographical research strives to create new theories and methods that aid in explaining the processes that shape the spatial structure of physical or human environments. Instead, applied research utilizes existing geographical theories and methods to comprehend and address particular empirical issues. Applied research usually has specific


id: formal-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_science-0.md
category: reference
title: Formal science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:20.516290+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: formal-science-20260505-0
summary:
Formal science is a branch of science studying disciplines concerned with abstract structures described by formal systems. Whereas the natural sciences and social sciences seek to characterize physical systems and social systems, respectively, using theoretical and empirical methods, the formal sciences use language tools concerned with characterizing abstract structures described by formal systems and the deductions that can be made from them. The formal sciences aid the natural and social sciences by providing information about the structures used to describe the physical world, and what inferences may be made about them. == Branches == Logic (also a branch of philosophy) Mathematics Statistics Theoretical computer science Artificial intelligence Game theory Systems theory Theoretical linguistics Decision theory Systems science Data science Information theory Computer science Cryptography == Differences from other sciences == One reason why mathematics enjoys special esteem, above all other sciences, is that its laws are absolutely certain and indisputable, while those of other sciences are to some extent debatable and in constant danger of being overthrown by newly discovered facts. Because of their non-empirical nature, formal sciences are construed by outlining a set of axioms and definitions from which other statements (theorems) are deduced. For this reason, in Rudolf


id: natural-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science-0.md
category: reference
title: Natural science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:21.754125+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: natural-science-20260505-0
summary:
Natural science or empirical science is a branch of science concerned with the description, understanding, and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. Mechanisms such as peer review and reproducibility of findings are used to try to ensure the validity of scientific advances. Natural science can be divided into two main branches: life science and physical science. Life science is alternatively known as biology. Physical science is subdivided into physics, astronomy, Earth science, and chemistry. These branches of natural science may be further divided into more specialized branches, also known as fields. As empirical sciences, natural sciences use tools from the formal sciences, such as mathematics and logic, converting information about nature into measurements that can be explained as clear statements of the "laws of nature". Modern natural science succeeded more classical approaches to natural philosophy. Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, René Descartes, Francis Bacon, and Isaac Newton debated the benefits of a more mathematical as against a more experimental method in investigating nature. Still, philosophical perspectives, conjectures, and presuppositions, often overlooked, remain necessary in natural science. Systematic data collection, including discovery science, succeeded natural history, which emerged in the 16th century by describing and classifying


id: natural-science-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science-1.md
category: reference
title: Natural science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:21.754125+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: natural-science-20260505-0
summary:
Planetary science, or planetology, is the scientific study of planets, which include terrestrial planets like the Earth, and other types of planets, such as gas giants and ice giants. Planetary science also concerns other celestial bodies, such as dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, and comets. This largely includes the Solar System, but recently has started to expand to exoplanets, particularly terrestrial exoplanets. It explores various objects, spanning from micrometeoroids to gas giants, to establish their composition, movements, genesis, interrelation, and past. Planetary science is an interdisciplinary domain, having originated from astronomy and Earth science, and currently encompassing a multitude of areas, such as planetary geology, cosmochemistry, atmospheric science, physics, oceanography, hydrology, theoretical planetology, glaciology, and exoplanetology. Related fields encompass space physics, which delves into the impact of the Sun on the bodies in the Solar System, and astrobiology. Planetary science comprises interconnected observational and theoretical branches. Observational research entails a combination of space exploration, primarily through robotic spacecraft missions utilizing remote sensing, and comparative experimental work conducted in Earth-based laboratories. The theoretical aspect involves extensive mathematical modelling and computer simulation. Typically, planetary scientists are situated within astronomy and physics or Earth sciences departments in universities or research centers. However, there are


id: natural-science-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science-2.md
category: reference
title: Natural science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:21.754125+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: natural-science-20260505-0
summary:
This discipline is the science of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere. It is concerned with the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, geology, and motion of celestial objects, as well as the formation and development of the universe. Astronomy includes examining, studying, and modeling stars, planets, and comets. Most of the information used by astronomers is gathered by remote observation. However, some laboratory reproduction of celestial phenomena has been performed (such as the molecular chemistry of the interstellar medium). There is considerable overlap with physics and in some areas of earth science. There are also interdisciplinary fields such as astrophysics, planetary sciences, and cosmology, along with allied disciplines such as space physics and astrochemistry. While the study of celestial features and phenomena can be traced back to antiquity, the scientific methodology of this field began to develop in the middle of the 17th century. A key factor was Galileo's introduction of the telescope to examine the night sky in more detail. The mathematical treatment of astronomy began with Newton's development of celestial mechanics and the laws of gravitation. However, it was triggered by earlier work of astronomers such as Kepler. By the 19th century, astronomy had developed


id: natural-science-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science-3.md
category: reference
title: Natural science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:21.754125+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: natural-science-20260505-0
summary:
Some scholars trace the origins of natural science as far back as pre-literate human societies, where understanding the natural world was necessary for survival. People observed and built up knowledge about the behaviour of animals and the usefulness of plants as food and medicine, which was passed down from generation to generation. These primitive understandings gave way to more formalized inquiry around 3500 to 3000 BC in the Mesopotamian and Ancient Egyptian cultures, which produced the first known written evidence of natural philosophy, the precursor of natural science. While the writings show an interest in astronomy, mathematics, and other aspects of the physical world, the ultimate aim of inquiry about nature's workings was, in all cases, religious or mythological, not scientific. A tradition of scientific inquiry also emerged in Ancient China, where Taoist alchemists and philosophers experimented with elixirs to extend life and cure ailments. They focused on the yin and yang, or contrasting elements in nature; the yin was associated with femininity and coldness, while yang was associated with masculinity and warmth. The five phases – fire, earth, metal, wood, and water – described a cycle of transformations in nature. The water turned into wood, which turned into the


id: natural-science-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science-4.md
category: reference
title: Natural science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:21.754125+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: natural-science-20260505-0
summary:
Aristotle's works and other Greek natural philosophy did not reach the West until about the middle of the 12th century, when works were translated from Greek and Arabic into Latin. The development of European civilization later in the Middle Ages brought with it further advances in natural philosophy. European inventions such as the horseshoe, horse collar and crop rotation allowed for rapid population growth, eventually giving way to urbanization and the foundation of schools connected to monasteries and cathedrals in modern-day France and England. Aided by the schools, an approach to Christian theology developed that sought to answer questions about nature and other subjects using logic. This approach, however, was seen by some detractors as heresy. By the 12th century, Western European scholars and philosophers came into contact with a body of knowledge of which they had previously been ignorant: a large corpus of works in Greek and Arabic that were preserved by Islamic scholars. Through translation into Latin, Western Europe was introduced to Aristotle and his natural philosophy. These works were taught at new universities in Paris and Oxford by the early 13th century, although the practice was frowned upon by the Catholic church. A 1210 decree from the


id: natural-science-20260505-5
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science-5.md
category: reference
title: Natural science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:21.754125+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: natural-science-20260505-0
summary:
The titles of Galileo's work Two New Sciences and Johannes Kepler's New Astronomy underscored the atmosphere of change that took hold in the 17th century as Aristotle was dismissed in favour of novel methods of inquiry into the natural world. Bacon was instrumental in popularizing this change; he argued that people should use the arts and sciences to gain dominion over nature. To achieve this, he wrote that "human life [must] be endowed with discoveries and powers." He defined natural philosophy as "the knowledge of Causes and secret motions of things; and enlarging the bounds of Human Empire, to the effecting of all things possible." Bacon proposed that scientific inquiry be supported by the state and fed by the collaborative research of scientists, a vision that was unprecedented in its scope, ambition, and forms at the time. Natural philosophers came to view nature increasingly as a mechanism that could be taken apart and understood, much like a complex clock. Natural philosophers including Isaac Newton, Evangelista Torricelli and Francesco Redi, Edme Mariotte, Jean-Baptiste Denis and Jacques Rohault conducted experiments focusing on the flow of water, measuring atmospheric pressure using a barometer and disproving spontaneous generation. Scientific societies and scientific journals emerged


id: natural-science-20260505-6
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science-6.md
category: reference
title: Natural science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:21.754125+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: natural-science-20260505-0
summary:
Aside from the logical and mathematical sciences, there are three great branches of natural science which stand apart by reason of the variety of far reaching deductions drawn from a small number of primary postulates — they are mechanics, electrodynamics, and thermodynamics. Today, natural sciences are more commonly divided into life sciences, such as botany and zoology, and physical sciences, which include physics, chemistry, astronomy, and Earth sciences. == See also == Branches of science Empiricism List of academic disciplines and sub-disciplines Natural history Natural Sciences (Cambridge), for the Tripos at the University of Cambridge == References == === Bibliography === == Further reading == Defining Natural Sciences Ledoux, S. F., 2002: Defining Natural Sciences, Behaviourology Today, 5(1), 34–36. Stokes, Donald E. (1997). Pasteur's Quadrant: Basic Science and Technological Innovation. Revised and translated by Albert V. Carozzi and Marguerite Carozzi. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 978-0-8157-8177-6. The History of Recent Science and Technology Natural Sciences Contains updated information on research in the Natural Sciences including biology, geography and the applied life and earth sciences. Reviews of Books About Natural Science This site contains over 50 previously published reviews of books about natural science, plus selected essays on timely topics


id: social-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science-0.md
category: reference
title: Social science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:23.042755+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: social-science-20260505-0
summary:
Social science (or the social sciences) is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among members within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology, the original "science of society", established in the 18th century. It now encompasses a wide array of additional academic disciplines, including anthropology, archaeology, economics, geography, history, linguistics, management, communication studies, psychology, sociology, culturology, and political science. The majority of positivist social scientists use methods resembling those used in the natural sciences as tools for understanding societies, and so define science in its stricter modern sense. Speculative social scientists, otherwise known as interpretivist scientists, by contrast, may use social critique or symbolic interpretation rather than constructing empirically falsifiable theories, and thus treat science in its broader sense. In modern academic practice, researchers are often eclectic, using multiple methodologies (combining both quantitative and qualitative research). To gain a deeper understanding of complex human behavior in digital environments, social science disciplines have increasingly integrated interdisciplinary approaches, big data, and computational tools. The term social research has also acquired a degree of autonomy as practitioners from various disciplines share similar goals and methods. == History


id: social-science-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science-1.md
category: reference
title: Social science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:23.042755+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: social-science-20260505-0
summary:
Social science and humanities have a mutual contempt for one another, the former looking down on the latter as unscientific, the latter regarding the former as philistine. [...] The difference comes down to the fact that social science really wants to be predictive, meaning that man is predictable, while the humanities say that he is not. == Branches == The social science disciplines are branches of knowledge taught and researched at the college or university level. Social science disciplines are defined and recognized by the academic journals in which research is published, and the learned social science societies and academic departments or faculties to which their practitioners belong. Social science fields of study usually have several sub-disciplines or branches, and the distinguishing lines between these are often both arbitrary and ambiguous. The following are widely-considered to be social sciences: === Anthropology === Anthropology is the holistic "science of man", a science of the totality of human existence. The discipline deals with the integration of different aspects of the social sciences, humanities, and human biology. In the twentieth century, academic disciplines have often been institutionally divided into three broad domains. Firstly, the natural sciences seek to derive general laws through reproducible


id: social-science-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science-2.md
category: reference
title: Social science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:23.042755+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: social-science-20260505-0
summary:
Economics has two broad branches: microeconomics, where the unit of analysis is the individual agent, such as a household or firm, and macroeconomics, where the unit of analysis is an economy as a whole. Another division of the subject distinguishes positive economics, which seeks to predict and explain economic phenomena, from normative economics, which orders choices and actions by some criterion; such orderings necessarily involve subjective value judgments. Since the early part of the 20th century, economics has focused largely on measurable quantities, employing both theoretical models and empirical analysis. Quantitative models, however, can be traced as far back as the physiocratic school. Economic reasoning has been increasingly applied in recent decades to other social situations such as politics, law, psychology, history, religion, marriage and family life, and other social interactions. The expanding domain of economics in the social sciences has been described as economic imperialism. === Education === Education encompasses teaching and learning specific skills, and also something less tangible but more profound: the imparting of knowledge, positive judgement and well-developed wisdom. Education has as one of its fundamental aspects the imparting of culture from generation to generation (see socialization). To educate means 'to draw out', from the Latin


id: social-science-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science-3.md
category: reference
title: Social science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:23.042755+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: social-science-20260505-0
summary:
Linguistics investigates the cognitive and social aspects of human language. The field is divided into areas that focus on aspects of the linguistic signal, such as syntax (the study of the rules that govern the structure of sentences), semantics (the study of meaning), morphology (the study of the structure of words), phonetics (the study of speech sounds) and phonology (the study of the abstract sound system of a particular language); however, work in areas like evolutionary linguistics (the study of the origins and evolution of language) and psycholinguistics (the study of psychological factors in human language) cut across these divisions. The overwhelming majority of modern research in linguistics takes a predominantly synchronic perspective (focusing on language at a particular point in time), and a great deal of it—partly owing to the influence of Noam Chomsky—aims at formulating theories of the cognitive processing of language. However, language does not exist in a vacuum, or only in the brain, and approaches like contact linguistics, creole studies, discourse analysis, social interactional linguistics, and sociolinguistics explore language in its social context. Sociolinguistics often makes use of traditional quantitative analysis and statistics in investigating the frequency of features, while some disciplines, like contact linguistics, focus


id: social-science-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science-4.md
category: reference
title: Social science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:23.042755+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: social-science-20260505-0
summary:
Sociology is the systematic study of society, individuals' relationship to their societies, the consequences of difference, and other aspects of human social action. The meaning of the word comes from the suffix -logy, which means "study of", derived from Ancient Greek, and the stem soci-, which is from the Latin word socius, meaning "companion", or society in general. Auguste Comte (1798–1857) coined the term sociology to describe a way to apply natural science principles and techniques to the social world in 1838. Comte endeavoured to unify history, psychology and economics through the descriptive understanding of the social realm. He proposed that social ills could be remedied through sociological positivism, an epistemological approach outlined in The Course in Positive Philosophy [1830–1842] and A General View of Positivism (1844). Though Comte is generally regarded as the "Father of Sociology", the discipline was formally established by another French thinker, Émile Durkheim (1858–1917), who developed positivism as a foundation to practical social research. Durkheim set up the first European department of sociology at the University of Bordeaux in 1895, publishing his Rules of the Sociological Method. In 1896, he established the journal L'Année sociologique. Durkheim's seminal monograph, Suicide (1897), a case study of suicide


id: social-science-20260505-5
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science-5.md
category: reference
title: Social science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:23.042755+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: social-science-20260505-0
summary:
Archaeology, a science that is focused on the study of human cultures by means of the recovery, documentation, analysis, and interpretation of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, features, and landscapes. Area studies, interdisciplinary fields of research and scholarship pertaining to particular geographical, national/federal, or cultural regions. Behavioural science, which encompasses disciplines that explore the activities of and interactions among organisms in the natural world. Computational social science, an umbrella field encompassing computational approaches within the social sciences. Demography, the statistical study of human populations. Development studies, a branch of social science that addresses issues of concern to developing countries. Environmental social science, the broad study of interrelations between humans and the natural environment. Environmental studies, which integrates social, humanistic, and natural science perspectives on the relation between humans and the natural environment. Gender studies, which is focused on the study of gender identity, masculinity, femininity, transgender issues, and sexuality. Information science, an interdisciplinary science primarily concerned with the collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information. International studies, which covers both international relations (the study of foreign affairs and global issues among states within the international system) and international education. Legal management, a social sciences discipline


id: social-science-20260505-6
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science-6.md
category: reference
title: Social science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:23.042755+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: social-science-20260505-0
summary:
Quantitative designs approach social phenomena through quantifiable evidence, and often rely on statistical analysis of many cases (or across intentionally designed treatments in an experiment) to create valid and reliable general claims. Qualitative designs emphasize understanding of social phenomena through direct observation, communication with participants, or analysis of texts, and may stress contextual and subjective accuracy over generality. Social scientists will commonly combine quantitative and qualitative approaches as part of a multi-strategy design. Questionnaires, field-based data collection, archival database information and laboratory-based data collections are some of the measurement techniques used. It is noted the importance of measurement and analysis, focusing on the (difficult to achieve) goal of objective research or statistical hypothesis testing. A mathematical model uses mathematical language to describe a system. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed 'mathematical modelling' (also modeling). A mathematical model is "a representation of the essential aspects of an existing system (or a system to be constructed) that presents knowledge of that system in usable form". Mathematical models can take many forms, including but not limited to dynamical systems, statistical models, differential equations, or game theoretic models. These and other types of models can overlap, with a given model involving


id: social-science-20260505-7
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science-7.md
category: reference
title: Social science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:23.042755+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: social-science-20260505-0
summary:
== Bibliography == Michie, Jonathan, ed. Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences (2 vol. 2001) 1970 pages annotating the major topics in the late 20th century in all the social sciences. === 20th and 21st centuries sources === Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes (2001). International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Amsterdam: Elsevier. Byrne, D.S. (1998). Complexity theory and the social sciences: an introduction. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-16296-8 Kuper, A., and Kuper, J. (1985). The Social Science Encyclopedia. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. (ed., a limited preview of the 1996 version is available) Lave, C.A., and March, J.G. (1993). An introduction to models in the social sciences. Lanham, Md: University Press of America. Perry, John and Erna Perry. Contemporary Society: An Introduction to Social Science (12th Edition, 2008), college textbook Potter, D. (1988). Society and the social sciences: An introduction. London: Routledge [u.a.]. David L. Sills and Robert K. Merton (1968). International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Seligman, Edwin R.A. and Alvin Johnson (1934). Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. (13 vol.) Ward, L.F. (1924). Dynamic sociology, or applied social science: As based upon statical sociology and the less complex sciences. New York: D. Appleton. Leavitt, F.M., and Brown,


id: branches-of-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branches_of_science-0.md
category: reference
title: Branches of science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branches_of_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:24.856953+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: branches-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
The branches of science, also referred to as sciences, scientific fields or scientific disciplines, are commonly divided into three major groups: Formal sciences: the study of formal systems, such as those under the branches of logic and mathematics, which use an a priori, as opposed to empirical, methodology. They study abstract structures described by formal systems. Natural sciences: the study of natural phenomena (including cosmological, geological, physical, chemical, and biological factors of the universe). Natural science can be divided into two main branches: physical science and life science. Social sciences: the study of human behavior in its social and cultural aspects. Scientific knowledge must be grounded in observable phenomena and must be capable of being verified by other researchers working under the same conditions. Natural, social, and formal science make up the basic sciences, which form the basis of interdisciplinarity - and applied sciences such as engineering and medicine. Specialized scientific disciplines that exist in multiple categories may include parts of other scientific disciplines but often possess their own terminologies and expertises. == Formal sciences == The formal sciences are the branches of science that are concerned with formal systems, such as logic, mathematics, theoretical computer science, information theory, systems


id: branches-of-science-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branches_of_science-1.md
category: reference
title: Branches of science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branches_of_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:24.856953+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: branches-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
TCS covers a wide variety of topics including algorithms, data structures, computational complexity, parallel and distributed computation, probabilistic computation, quantum computation, automata theory, information theory, cryptography, program semantics and verification, machine learning, computational biology, computational economics, computational geometry, and computational number theory and algebra. Work in this field is often distinguished by its emphasis on mathematical technique and rigor. == Natural sciences == Natural science is a branch of science concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. Mechanisms such as peer review and repeatability of findings are used to try to ensure the validity of scientific advances. Natural science can be divided into two main branches: life science and physical science. Life science is alternatively known as biology, and physical science is subdivided into branches: physics, chemistry, astronomy and Earth science. These branches of natural science may be further divided into more specialized branches (also known as fields). === Physical science === Physical science is an encompassing term for the branches of natural science that study non-living systems, in contrast to the life sciences. However, the term "physical" creates an unintended, somewhat arbitrary distinction, since many branches of physical


id: branches-of-science-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branches_of_science-2.md
category: reference
title: Branches of science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branches_of_science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:24.856953+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: branches-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
Life science, also known as biology, is the natural science that studies life such as microorganisms, plants, and animals including human beings, – including their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development, and evolution. Despite the complexity of the science, certain unifying concepts consolidate it into a single, coherent field. Biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels the creation and extinction of species. Living organisms are open systems that survive by transforming energy and decreasing their local entropy to maintain a stable and vital condition defined as homeostasis. ==== Biochemistry ==== Biochemistry, or biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. It is a sub-discipline of both biology and chemistry, and from a reductionist point of view it is fundamental in biology. Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, and physiology. ==== Microbiology ==== Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, those being unicellular (single cell), multicellular (cell colony), or acellular (lacking cells). Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, bacteriology, protistology, mycology, immunology and parasitology. ==== Botany ==== Botany, also called plant science(s),


id: namara-catherine-misango-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namara_Catherine_Misango-0.md
category: reference
title: Namara Catherine Misango
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namara_Catherine_Misango
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:27.469276+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: namara-catherine-misango-20260505-0
summary:
Namara Catherine Misango is a Ugandan medical doctor and researcher who specializes in emergency medicine. == Early life == Misango was born to Ibrahim Misango and Shirley Misango. Her academic life started at Green Hill Academy in the Uganda's central region. She received a scholarship from the Daily Monitor which earned her a free ordinary level education at Mount Saint Mary's College Namagunga from 2011 to 2014. She earned a scholarship from New Vision to continue in the same school, where she opted for the subject combination of physics, chemistry and biology aka PCB. She received a sponsorship to study at Makerere University, where she earned a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery. She again got another sponsorship to do Master of Medicine in Emergency Medicine at Makerere University where Seed Global Health helped to pay for tuition, and research. Where still at her first degree course at Makerere University, she got an opportunity to study at Magna Graecia University in Italy on sponsorship, where she was able to compare the Italian medical system with that of Uganda. === Career === Misango started work at Aga Khan University Hospital as an intern doctor. == References ==


id: science-and-technology-studies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies-0.md
category: reference
title: Science and technology studies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:28.964381+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-and-technology-studies-20260505-0
summary:
Science and technology studies (STS) or science, technology, and society is an interdisciplinary field that examines the creation, development, and consequences of science and technology in their historical, cultural, and social contexts. == History == Like most interdisciplinary fields of study, STS emerged from the confluence of disciplines and disciplinary subfields, all of which had developed an interest—typically, during the 1960s or 1970s—in viewing science and technology as socially embedded enterprises. The key disciplinary components of STS took shape independently, beginning in the 1960s, and developed in isolation from each other well into the 1980s, although Ludwik Fleck's (1935) monograph Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact anticipated many of STS's key themes. In the 1970s Elting E. Morison founded the STS program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), which served as a model. By 2011, 111 STS research centers and academic programs were counted worldwide. === Important key points === History of technology, that examines technology in its social and historical context. Starting in the 1960s, some historians questioned technological determinism, a doctrine that can induce public passivity to technologic and scientific "natural" development. At the same time, some historians began to develop similarly contextual approaches to the


id: science-and-technology-studies-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies-1.md
category: reference
title: Science and technology studies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:28.964381+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-and-technology-studies-20260505-0
summary:
Social constructions are human-created ideas, objects, or events created by a series of choices and interactions. These interactions have consequences that change the perception that different groups of people have on these constructs. Some examples of social construction include class, race, money, and citizenship. The following also alludes to the notion that not everything is set, a circumstance or result could potentially be one way or the other. According to the article "What is Social Construction?" by Ian Hacking, "Social construction work is critical of the status quo. Social constructionists about X tend to hold that: X need not have existed, or need not be at all as it is. X, or X as it is at present, is not determined by the nature of things; it is not inevitable Very often they go further, and urge that: X is quite as bad as it is. We would be much better off if X were done away with, or at least radically transformed." In the past, there have been viewpoints that were widely regarded as fact until being called to question due to the introduction of new knowledge. Such viewpoints include the past concept of a correlation between intelligence and


id: science-and-technology-studies-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies-2.md
category: reference
title: Science and technology studies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:28.964381+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-and-technology-studies-20260505-0
summary:
Social technical systems are an interplay between technologies and humans, this is clearly expressed in the sociotechnical systems theory. To expound on this interplay, humans fulfill and define tasks, then humans in companies use IT and IT supports people, and finally, IT processes tasks and new IT generates new tasks. This IT redefines work practices. This is what we call the sociotechnical systems. In socio-technical systems, there are two principles to internalize, that is joint optimization and complementarity. Joint optimization puts an emphasis on developing both systems in parallel and it is only in the interaction of both systems that the success of an organization arises. The principle of complementarity means that both systems have to be optimized. If you focus on one system and have bias over the other it will likely lead to the failure of the organization or jeopardize the success of a system. Although the above socio-technical system theory is focused on an organization, it is undoubtedly imperative to correlate this theory and its principles to society today and in science and technology studies. Understanding technology in the context of national development: critical reflections discusses how governance frameworks, digital infrastructure, and institutional capacity influence the societal


id: science-and-technology-studies-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies-3.md
category: reference
title: Science and technology studies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:28.964381+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-and-technology-studies-20260505-0
summary:
==== Examples ==== Ford Pinto – Ford Motor Company sold and produced the Pinto during the 1970s. A flaw in the automobile design of the rear gas tank caused a fiery explosion upon impact. The exploding fuel tank killed and injured hundreds of people. Internal documents of test results proved Ford CEO Lee Iacocca and engineers were aware of the flaw. The company decided to ignore improving its technology because of profit-driven motives, strict internal control, and competition from foreign competitors such as Volkswagen. Ford Motor Company conducted a cost-benefit analysis to determine if altering the Ford Pinto model was feasible. An analysis conducted by Ford employees argued against a new design because of increased cost. Employees were also under tight control by the CEO who rushed the Pinto through production lines to increase profits. Ford finally changed after public scrutiny. Safety organizations later influenced this technology by requiring stricter safety standards for motor vehicles. DDT/toxins – DDT was a common and highly effective insecticide used during the 1940s until its ban in the early 1970s. It was utilized during World War 2 to combat insect-borne human diseases that plagued military members and civilian populations. People and companies soon realized


id: science-and-technology-studies-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies-4.md
category: reference
title: Science and technology studies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:28.964381+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-and-technology-studies-20260505-0
summary:
==== Importance ==== Recently, there has been a movement towards greater transparency in the fields of policy and technology. Jasanoff comes to the conclusion that there is no longer a question of if there needs to be increased public participation in making decisions about science and technology, but now there need to be ways to make a more meaningful conversation between the public and those developing the technology. ==== In practice ==== Bruce Ackerman and James S. Fishkin offered an example of a reform in their paper "Deliberation Day." The deliberation is to enhance public understanding of popular, complex and controversial issues through devices such as Fishkin's deliberative polling, though implementation of these reforms is unlikely in a large government such as that of the United States. However, things similar to this have been implemented in small, local governments like New England towns and villages. New England town hall meetings are a good example of deliberative democracy in a realistic setting. An ideal deliberative democracy balances the voice and influence of all participants. While the main aim is to reach consensus, deliberative democracy should encourage the voices of those with opposing viewpoints, concerns due to uncertainties, and questions about assumptions


id: science-and-technology-studies-20260505-5
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies-5.md
category: reference
title: Science and technology studies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:28.964381+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-and-technology-studies-20260505-0
summary:
Langdon Winner states that groups and social interests likely to be affected by a particular kind of technological change ought to be represented at an early stage in defining exactly what that technology will be. It is the idea that relevant parties have a say in technological developments and are not left in the dark. Spoken about by Massimiano Bucchi This ideal does not require the public to become experts on the topics of science and engineering, it only asks that the opinions and ideas be heard before making drastic decisions, as talked about by Steven L. Goldman. === Legacy thinking === Legacy thinking is defined as an inherited method of thinking imposed from an external source without objection by the individual because it is already widely accepted by society. Legacy thinking can impair the ability to drive technology for the betterment of society by blinding people to innovations that do not fit into their accepted model of how society works. By accepting ideas without questioning them, people often see all solutions that contradict these accepted ideas as impossible or impractical. Legacy thinking tends to advantage the wealthy, who have the means to project their ideas on the public. It


id: science-and-technology-studies-20260505-6
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies-6.md
category: reference
title: Science and technology studies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:28.964381+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-and-technology-studies-20260505-0
summary:
== Academic programs == STS is taught in several countries. According to the STS wiki, STS programs can be found in twenty countries, including 45 programs in the United States, three programs in India, and eleven programs in the UK. STS programs can be found in Canada, Germany, Israel, Malaysia, and Taiwan. Some examples of institutions offering STS programs are Stanford University, University College London, Harvard University, the University of Oxford, Mines ParisTech, Bar-Ilan University, and York University. In Europe the European Inter-University Association on Society, Science and Technology (ESST) offers an MA degree in STS through study programs and student exchanges with over a dozen specializations. == Professional associations == The field has professional associations in regions and countries around the world. === In Europe === In Europe, the European Association for the Study of Science and Technology (EASST) was founded in 1981 to "improve scholarly communication and exchange in the field", "increase the visibility of the subject to policy-makers and to the general public", and "stimulate and support teaching on the subject at all levels". Similarly, the European Inter-University Association on Society, Science and Technology (ESST) researches and studies science and technology in society, in both historical and


id: science-and-technology-studies-20260505-7
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies-7.md
category: reference
title: Science and technology studies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:28.964381+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: science-and-technology-studies-20260505-0
summary:
== Further reading == Bauchspies, Wenda; Croissant, Jennifer; Restivo, Sal (2005). Science, Technology, and Society: A Sociological Approach. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-23210-0. Bijker, Wiebe; Hughes, Thomas; Pinch, Trevor, eds. (1987). The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-02262-0. Felt, Ulrike; Fouché, Rayvon; Miller, Clark A.; Smith-Doerr, Laruel, eds. (2017). The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies (4th ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-03568-2. Fuller, Steve (1993). Philosophy, Rhetoric, and the End of Knowledge: The Coming of Science and Technology Studies. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. (2nd edition, with James H. Collier, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004) Hess, David J. (1997). Science Studies: An Advanced Introduction. New York: NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-3564-0. Jasanoff, Sheila; Markle, Gerald; Petersen, James; Pinch, Trevor, eds. (1994). Handbook of Science and Technology Studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. ISBN 978-0-8039-4021-5. Kuhn, Thomas (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Latour, Bruno (1987). Science in action: How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Restivo, Sal, ed. (2005). Science, Technology, and Society: An Encyclopedia. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-514193-1. Guglielmo Rinzivillo (2020), Raccontare la


id: abc-home-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC@Home-0.md
category: reference
title: ABC@Home
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC@Home
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:30.225702+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: abc-home-20260505-0
summary:
ABC@Home was an educational and non-profit network computing project finding abc-triples related to the abc conjecture in number theory using the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) volunteer computing platform. In March 2011, there were more than 7,300 active participants from 114 countries with a total BOINC credit of more than 2.9 billion, reporting about 10 teraflops (10 trillion operations per second) of processing power. In 2011, the project met its goal of finding all abc-triples of at most 18 digits. By 2015, the project had found 23.8 million triples in total, and ceased operations soon after. == See also == List of volunteer computing projects == References == == External links == The Mathematical Institute of Leiden University


id: andrei-sakharov-prize-aps-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov_Prize_(APS)-0.md
category: reference
title: Andrei Sakharov Prize (APS)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov_Prize_(APS)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:32.700708+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: andrei-sakharov-prize-aps-20260505-0
summary:
The Andrei Sakharov Prize is a prize that is to be awarded every two years by the American Physical Society since 2006. The recipients are chosen for "outstanding leadership and/or achievements of scientists in upholding human rights." It is named after Andrei Sakharov (1921-1989), a Soviet nuclear physicist, dissident, and human rights activist. Since 2007, it has been valued at $10,000. The first Sakharov Prize was awarded to physicist and former Soviet gulag prisoner Yuri Orlov. == Recipients == Source: 2006 Yuri Orlov (Cornell University) 2008 Liangying Xu (Chinese Academy of Sciences) 2010 Herman Winick (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center), Joseph Birman (City University of New York), and Morris (Moishe) Pripstein (National Science Foundation) 2012 Mulugeta Bekele (University of Addis Ababa) and Richard Wilson (Harvard University) 2014 Boris Altshuler (P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute) and Omid Kokabee (University of Texas at Austin) 2016 Zafra M. Lerman (Malta Conferences Foundation) 2018 Narges Mohammadi (Iran Engineering Inspection Corporation) and Ravi Kuchimanchi (Association for India's Development) 2020 Ayşe Erzan (Istanbul Technical University) and Xiaoxing Xi (Temple University) 2022 John C. Polanyi (University of Toronto) 2024 Eugene Chudnovsky (City University of New York) == See also == List of American Physical Society prizes and awards List


id: aqua-home-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AQUA@home-0.md
category: reference
title: AQUA@home
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AQUA@home
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:33.954242+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: aqua-home-20260505-0
summary:
AQUA@home was a volunteer computing project operated by D-Wave Systems that ran on the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) software platform. It ceased functioning in August 2011. Its goal was to predict the performance of superconducting adiabatic quantum computers on a variety of problems arising in fields ranging from materials science to machine learning. It designed and analyzed quantum computing algorithms, using Quantum Monte Carlo techniques. AQUA@home was the first BOINC project to provide multi-threaded applications. It was also the first project to deploy an OpenCL test application under BOINC. == References == == External links == Papers resulting from AQUA@home's computations


id: artificial-intelligence-system-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_System-0.md
category: reference
title: Artificial Intelligence System
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_System
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:35.210507+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: artificial-intelligence-system-20260505-0
summary:
Artificial Intelligence System (AIS) was a volunteer computing project undertaken by Intelligence Realm, Inc. with the long-term goal of simulating the human brain in real time, complete with artificial consciousness and artificial general intelligence. They claimed to have found, in research, the "mechanisms of knowledge representation in the brain which is equivalent to finding artificial intelligence", before moving into the developmental phase. == History == The project's initial goal was recreating the largest brain simulation to date, performed by neuroscientist Eugene M. Izhikevich of The Neurosciences Institute in San Diego, California. Izhikevich simulated 1 second of activity of 100 billion neurons (the estimated number of neurons in the human brain) in 50 days using a cluster of 27 3-gigahertz processors. He extrapolated that a real-time simulation of the brain could not be achieved before 2016. The project aimed to disprove this prediction. Artificial Intelligence System announced on Sep 5, 2007 that they will use the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) software to perform intensive calculations. On July 12, 2008, the first phase of the project had been completed by reaching the 100 billion neuron mark. The project then continued to simulate neurons while they completed the development of


id: australian-national-centre-for-the-public-awareness-of-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_National_Centre_for_the_Public_Awareness_of_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_National_Centre_for_the_Public_Awareness_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:36.485831+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: australian-national-centre-for-the-public-awareness-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
The Centre for the Public Awareness of Science is part of the Australian National University. In March 2000 it became an accredited Centre for the Australian National Commission for UNESCO. == Work of the Centre == As a UNESCO Centre, CPAS engages with science communication and communicators in the Pacific region and beyond. In partnership with the UNESCO Pacific Office in Apia, Samoa, CPAS has focused on science teaching training and communication in Pacific nations. As well as running a science journalism workshop for Pacific Island journalists in 2001, CPAS followed up in the same year with a science teacher workshop and the first Pacific Science Communication Forum. The UNESCO office in Jakarta invited CPAS to join a mission to Cambodia to conduct a survey to identify and assess the needs of the country with respect to science education in schools and universities. Other activities include joining with UNESCO (Apia) to help in its aims to raise social participation in science in and around the Pacific. CPAS also established, as a pilot project, the Register of Pacific Scientists, an online database for those involved with Pacific Science to record their details and/or search for other people with similar or complementary


id: body-worlds-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_Worlds-0.md
category: reference
title: Body Worlds
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_Worlds
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:37.766921+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: body-worlds-20260505-0
summary:
Body Worlds (German title: Körperwelten) is a traveling exposition of dissected human bodies, animals, and other anatomical structures of the body that have been preserved through the process of plastination. Gunther von Hagens developed the preservation process which "unite[s] subtle anatomy and modern polymer chemistry", in the late 1970s. A series of Body Worlds anatomical exhibitions has toured many countries worldwide, sometimes raising controversies about the sourcing and display of actual human corpses and body parts. Von Hagens maintains that all human specimens were obtained with full knowledge and consent of the donors before they died, but this has not been independently verified, and in 2004 von Hagens returned seven corpses to China because they showed evidence of being executed prisoners. A competing exhibition, Bodies: The Exhibition, openly sources its bodies from "unclaimed bodies" in China, which can include executed prisoners. In addition to temporary traveling exhibitions, permanent Body Worlds exhibits exists in Berlin, Amsterdam, Heidelberg, Guben, and San Jose, CA. == Description == The exhibit states that its purpose and mission is the education of laypeople about the human body, leading to better health awareness. Each Body Worlds exhibition contains approximately 25 full-body plastinates with expanded or selective organs


id: body-worlds-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_Worlds-1.md
category: reference
title: Body Worlds
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_Worlds
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:37.766921+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: body-worlds-20260505-0
summary:
=== France === In response to the Paris exhibition of Our Body: The Universe Within, two local human rights groups filed a legal complaint against the owner of the exhibit, Gunther Von Hagens. The groups' lawyer Richard Sedillot argued that the existence of exhibits profiting from the display of human bodies creates a supply demand to produce and traffick more bodies through ethically dubious means to supply the exhibits. Potential scenarios given by the lawyer included structural violence such as neglecting medical patients or incentising an increase in death row convictions in China. Sedillot stated "I am convinced that the exhibition is the last step in a horrible traffic [sic] operation of human bodies originating in China." On Tuesday 21 April 2009, Judge Louis-Marie Raingeard ruled that exhibiting dead bodies for profit was a "violation of the respect owed to them". "Under the law, the proper place for corpses is in the cemetery". Raingeard ordered the exhibition to close within 24 hours or face a fine of €20,000 (over $26,000 USD) for each day it stayed open. The judge also ordered authorities to seize the 17 bodies on display and all of the organs on display from an unknown number


id: body-worlds-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_Worlds-2.md
category: reference
title: Body Worlds
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_Worlds
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:37.766921+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: body-worlds-20260505-0
summary:
==== Hawaii ==== In January 2009, Rep. Marcus Oshiro introduced two bills prompted by presentation of the BODIES Exhibition in that state. HB28 Relating to Dead Human Bodies would add to the prohibition against buying dead human bodies, the selling of dead human bodies and defines the term "dead human body" to include plastinated bodies and body parts. It would increase the fine for buying or selling a dead human body to up to $5,000. HB29 Relating to Dead Human Bodies would prohibit the commercial display of dead human bodies without a permit from the Department of Health. ==== New York ==== In June 2008, New York State Senate passed legislation regulating body exhibits. A bill that was sponsored by Senator Jim Alesi requires anyone showing an exhibit that uses real human bodies in New York museums to produce a permit detailing their origin. BODY WORLDS was hosted at Discovery Times Square in New York City. ==== Pennsylvania ==== Representative Mike Fleck's proposed bill would require evidence of informed consent from the decedent or relatives of all humans whose remains are put on display. BODY WORLDS exhibitions have been hosted in Philadelphia at the Franklin Institute and in Allentown at


id: body-worlds-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_Worlds-3.md
category: reference
title: Body Worlds
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_Worlds
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:37.766921+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: body-worlds-20260505-0
summary:
=== Religious objections === Religious groups, including some rabbis have objected to the display of human remains, stating that it is inconsistent with reverence towards the human body. A group of Catholic Christians voiced their opinions towards the Body Worlds exhibition in a reflection paper written by the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. This was in response to the arrival of the Body Worlds Exhibition in the Milwaukee Public Museum in 2014. The group were largely in favour of the exhibition due to its educational goals. But, the paper also discussed fears surrounding whether the exhibit's educational aims were secondary to the experience of voyeurism. There were also concerns over the display of plastinated fetuses, due to beliefs surrounding abortion. === Sex plastinate === In 2003, while promoting a display in the Hamburg Museum of Erotica, von Hagens announced his intention to create a sex plastinate. In May 2009 he unveiled a plastinate of a couple having sex, intended for a Berlin exhibition. === Lessening donor organ availability === In 2007, the Bishop of Manchester launched a campaign to coincide with the opening of Body Worlds in that city, accusing the exhibitors of being "body snatchers" and "robbing the NHS", arguing that


id: body-worlds-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_Worlds-4.md
category: reference
title: Body Worlds
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_Worlds
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:37.766921+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: body-worlds-20260505-0
summary:
== Further reading == Gottfried Bogusch, Renate Graf, Thomas Schnalke. Auf Leben und Tod Beiträge zur Diskussion um die Ausstellung "Körperwelten", Schriften aus dem Berliner Medizinhistorischen Museum, 2003, VII, 136 S. 62 Abb., Softcover ISBN 978-3798514249. Burns, Lawrence (2007). "Gunther Von Hagens' Body Worlds: Selling Beautiful Education". The American Journal of Bioethics. 7 (4): 12–23. doi:10.1080/15265160701220659. PMID 17454986. S2CID 31456090. Archived from the original on 9 December 2008. Liselotte Hermes da Fonseca: Wissenschaftliche Transzendenz der Körperwelten. Aufhebung der "Beschränkung von Freiheit" durch Leben, Tod und Körper. In: Wolf Gerhard Schmidt (Hg.): Körperbilder in Kunst und Wissenschaft Würzburg 2014, S. 107–138. Liselotte Hermes da Fonseca: "Ich will in meinem Knochenleben endlich zufrieden und glücklich sein": Eschatologie der Körperwelten. In: Dominik Groß, Brigitte Tag und Christoph Schweikardt (Hg.): Who wants to live forever? Frankfurt, New York 2011, S. 197–218. Liselotte Hermes da Fonseca: La plastination, une technique d'incarnation des espoirs scientifiques. In : Annette Leibing et Virginie Tournay (Hg.): Les technologies de l'espoir: La fabrique d'une histoire à accomplir. PUL-Presses de l'Université Laval, 2010. Liselotte Hermes da Fonseca. Wachsfigur – Mensch – Plastinat. Über die Mitteilbarkeit von Sehen, Nennen und Wissen, Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte (1999), Heft 1. Liselotte Hermes


id: bugscope-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugscope-0.md
category: reference
title: Bugscope
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugscope
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:39.043545+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: bugscope-20260505-0
summary:
Bugscope is a web-based science outreach program that connects K-12 classrooms with microscopists at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at UIUC to explore insects under a high-powered scanning electron microscope (SEM). Launched in 1998, Bugscope allows students to observe microscopic details of insects and other organisms, sparking curiosity and fostering scientific discovery. The program has reached students globally, offering live, interactive sessions that align with educational standards. == Award == The Science Prize for Online Resources in Education (SPORE) from AAAS was awarded to Bugscope for its impact on science education in 2011. == References ==


id: clean-energy-project-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Energy_Project-0.md
category: reference
title: Clean Energy Project
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Energy_Project
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:40.275255+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: clean-energy-project-20260505-0
summary:
The Clean Energy Project (CEP) was a virtual high-throughput discovery and design effort for the next generation of plastic solar cell materials that has finished. It studies millions of candidate structures to identify suitable compounds for the harvesting of renewable energy from the sun and for other organic electronic applications. It ran on the BOINC platform. == Project purpose == The project searched for the most suitable organic compounds with which to make solar cells, the best polymeric membranes with which to make fuel cells, and how best to assemble the molecules for such devices. == Current project status == On June 24, 2013, the Clean Energy Project released its database to the public and the research community. The release was featured on the White House Blog and by several news organizations including the MIT Technology Review. The database contains 150 million density functional theory calculations on 2.3 million molecules. == Publications == C. Amador-Bedolla, R. Olivares-Amaya, J. Hachmann, A. Aspuru-Guzik, Towards Materials Informatics for Organic Photovoltaics, in Informatics for Materials Science and Engineering, K. Rajan, Ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam (2013). In press. R. Olivares-Amaya, C. Amador-Bedolla, J. Hachmann, S. Atahan-Evrenk, R.S. Sánchez-Carrera, L. Vogt, A. Aspuru-Guzik, Accelerated Computational Discovery of


id: climateprediction-net-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climateprediction.net-0.md
category: reference
title: Climateprediction.net
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climateprediction.net
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:41.535798+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: climateprediction-net-20260505-0
summary:
climateprediction.net (CPDN) is a volunteer computing project to investigate and reduce uncertainties in climate modelling. It aims to do this by running hundreds of thousands of different models (a large climate ensemble) using the donated idle time of ordinary personal computers, thereby leading to a better understanding of how models are affected by small changes in the many parameters known to influence the global climate. The project relies on the BOINC framework where voluntary participants agree to run some processes of the project at the client-side in their personal computers after receiving tasks from the server-side for treatment. CPDN, which is run primarily by Oxford University in England, has harnessed more computing power and generated more data than any other climate modelling project. It has produced over 100 million model years of data so far. As of June 2016, there are more than 12,000 active participants from 223 countries with a total BOINC credit of more than 27 billion, reporting about 55 teraflops (55 trillion operations per second) of processing power. == Aims == The aim of the climateprediction.net project is to investigate the uncertainties in various parameterizations that have to be made in state-of-the-art climate models. The model is


id: climateprediction-net-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climateprediction.net-1.md
category: reference
title: Climateprediction.net
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climateprediction.net
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:41.535798+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: climateprediction-net-20260505-0
summary:
Classic Slab Model - The original experiment not under BOINC. See #The original model for further details. This model remains in use solely for the OU short course. BOINC Slab Model - The same as the classic Slab Model, but released under BOINC. ThermoHaline Circulation (THC) Model - An investigation of how the climate might change in the event of a decrease in the strength of the ThermoHaline Circulation. This experiment has now been closed to new participants as they have sufficient results. It was a four phase model totaling 60 model years. The first three phases were identical to the above Slab Models. The fourth phase imposed the effects of a 50% slowdown in the Thermohaline circulation by imposing SST changes in the north Atlantic derived from other runs. Sulfur Cycle Model - An investigation of the effect of sulfate aerosols on the climate. The experiment will model sulfur in a number of compound forms including dimethyl sulfide and sulfate aerosols. This experiment started in August 2005 and was a pre-requirement for the Hindcast. It is a 5 phase model totalling 75 model years. Timesteps are around 70% longer, making the model around 2.8 times longer than the initial


id: climateprediction-net-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climateprediction.net-2.md
category: reference
title: Climateprediction.net
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climateprediction.net
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:41.535798+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: climateprediction-net-20260505-0
summary:
=== Explanation === Climate sensitivity is defined as the equilibrium response of global mean temperature to doubling levels of carbon dioxide. As of June 2025, current levels of carbon dioxide are 426 ppm and grew by 3.72ppm in the last year, compared with preindustrial levels of 280 ppm. Climate sensitivities of greater than 5 °C are widely accepted as being catastrophic. The possibility of such high sensitivities being plausible given observations had been reported prior to the climateprediction.net experiment but "this is the first time GCMs have produced such behaviour". Even the models with very high climate sensitivity were found to be "as realistic as other state-of-the-art climate models". The test of realism was done with a root mean square error test. This does not check on realism of seasonal changes and it is possible that more diagnostic measures may place stronger constraints on what is realistic. Improved realism tests are being developed. It is important to the experiment and the goal of obtaining a probability distribution function (pdf) of climate outcomes to get a very wide range of behaviours even if only to rule out some behaviours as unrealistic. Larger sets of simulations have more reliable pdfs. Therefore, models


id: climateprediction-net-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climateprediction.net-3.md
category: reference
title: Climateprediction.net
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climateprediction.net
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:41.535798+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: climateprediction-net-20260505-0
summary:
== Visualisations == Many volunteer computing projects have screensavers to visually indicate the activity of the application, but they do not usually show its results as they are being calculated. By contrast, climateprediction.net not only uses a built-in visualisation to show the climate of the world being modelled, but it is interactive which allows different aspects of climate (temperature, rainfall, etc.) to be displayed. In addition, there are other, more advanced visualisation programs that allow the user to see more of what the model is doing (usually by analysing previously generated results) and to compare different runs and models. The real-time desktop visualisation for the model launched in 2003 was developed by Jeremy Walton at NAG, enabling users to track the progress of their simulation as the cloud cover and temperature changes over the surface of the globe. Other, more advanced visualisation programs in use include CPView and IDL Advanced Visualisation. They have similar functionality. CPView was written by Martin Sykes, a participant in the experiment. The IDL Advanced Visualisation was written by Andy Heaps of the University of Reading (UK), and modified to work with the BOINC version by Tesella Support Services plc. Only CPView allows you to look


id: committee-on-the-public-understanding-of-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_the_Public_Understanding_of_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Committee on the Public Understanding of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_the_Public_Understanding_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T06:11:42.771600+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: committee-on-the-public-understanding-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
The Committee on the Public Understanding of Science or Copus was founded in 1985 by the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS), the Royal Institution and the Royal Society. Copus came about as a result of the 'Bodmer Report' by the eminent geneticist Walter Bodmer. The aim of Copus was to interpret scientific advances and make them more accessible to non-scientists. It played a part in developing the public understanding of science it establishing standards for communicating science and technology The Copus Grant Schemes was set up in 1987 and the last round of grants was for 2003/4. The scheme was funded by the Office of Science and Technology and the Royal Society. 25 grants worth a total of over £750,000 were awarded in 2003/2004. In 2000 The new Copus Council was formed to be a more inclusive partnership for science communication in the UK. In 2002 following a report commissioned by the Office of Science and Technology the Copus Council was discontinued. == References ==


