# kb

id: master-of-science-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Science-2.md
category: reference
title: Master of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:20.343874+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: master-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
== Norway == Norway follows the Bologna Process. For engineering, the Master of Science academic degree has been recently introduced and has replaced the previous award forms "Sivilingeniør" (engineer, a.k.a. engineering master) and "Hovedfag" (academic master). Both were awarded after 5 years of university-level studies and required the completion of a scientific thesis. "Siv.ing", is a protected title traditionally awarded to engineering students who completed a five-year education at The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Norwegian: Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, NTNU) or other university programs deemed to be equivalent in academic merit. Historically there was no bachelor's degree involved and today's program is a five years master's degree education. The "Siv.ing" title is in the process of being phased out, replaced by (for now, complemented by) the "M.Sc." title. By and large, "Siv.ing" is a title tightly being held on to for the sake of tradition. In academia, the new program offers separate three-year bachelor and two-year master programs. It is awarded in the natural sciences, mathematics and computer science fields. The completion of a scientific thesis is required. All master's degrees are designed to certify a level of education and qualify for a doctorate program. Master of Science in


id: master-of-science-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Science-3.md
category: reference
title: Master of Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:20.343874+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: master-of-science-20260505-0
summary:
== United Kingdom == The Master of Science (MSc) is typically a taught postgraduate degree, involving lectures, examinations and a project dissertation (normally taking up a third of the program). Master's programs usually involve a minimum of 1 year of full-time study (180 UK credits, of which 150 must be at master's level) and sometimes up to 2 years of full-time study (or the equivalent period part-time). Taught master's degrees are normally classified into Pass, Merit and Distinction (although some universities do not give Merit). Some universities also offer MSc by research programs, where a longer project or set of projects is undertaken full-time; master's degrees by research are normally pass/fail, although some universities may offer a distinction. The more recent Master in Science (MSci) degree (Master of Natural Sciences at the University of Cambridge), is an undergraduate (UG) level integrated master's degree offered by UK institutions since the 1990s. It is offered as a first degree with the first three (four in Scotland) years similar to a BSc course and a final year (120 UK credits) at master's level, including a dissertation. The final MSci qualification is thus at the same level as a traditional MSc. == United States


id: master-of-science-in-information-technology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Science_in_Information_Technology-0.md
category: reference
title: Master of Science in Information Technology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Science_in_Information_Technology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:21.648744+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: master-of-science-in-information-technology-20260505-0
summary:
A Master of Science in Information Technology (abbreviated M.Sc.IT, MScIT or MSIT) is a master's degree in the field of information technology awarded by universities in many countries or a person holding such a degree. The MSIT degree is designed for those managing information technology, especially the information systems development process. The MSIT degree is functionally equivalent to a Master of Information Systems Management, which is one of several specialized master's degree programs recognized by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). One can become a software engineer and data scientist after completing an MSIT degree. == Curriculum == A joint committee of Association for Information Systems (AIS) and Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) members develop a model curriculum for the Master of Science in Information Systems (MSIT). The most recent version of the MSIS Model Curriculum was published in 2016. == Course and variants == The course of study is concentrated around the Information Systems discipline. The core courses are (typically) Systems analysis, Systems design, Data Communications, Database design, Project management and Security. The degree typically includes coursework in both computer science and business skills, but the core curriculum might depend on the school and result in


id: meta-academic-company-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_(academic_company)-0.md
category: reference
title: Meta (academic company)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_(academic_company)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:22.918942+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: meta-academic-company-20260505-0
summary:
Meta was a Canadian artificial intelligence company that specialized in analyzing and organizing knowledge from the text of scientific literature using machine learning. Founded in 2010 by siblings Sam Molyneux and Amy Molyneux in Toronto, Canada, and backed by institutional venture capital investors, the company developed AI-powered tools. Meta's assets were later transferred to Facebook Inc. to enable its rebranding to Meta Platforms Inc. in 2021 by the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative and shut down in 2021, effective in 2022. == History == History Founding and Early Development Meta Inc. was founded initially as Sciencescape Inc., in Toronto. The idea for the company emerged from Sam Molyneux's experience as a cancer genomics researcher when he discovered that similar research findings had been published while he was working on related projects. The company initially focused on developing AI-powered knowledge tools to help researchers navigate the overwhelming volume of scientific publications. The platform was designed to address information overload in modern scientific research. === Beginning === Meta Inc., formerly Sciencescape Inc., was founded in 2010 by Sam and Amy Molyneux. Before co-founding Meta, Sam Molyneux studied cancer genomics at the Ontario Cancer Institute at Princess Margaret Hospital in Toronto. The service was developed


id: minibeast-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minibeast-0.md
category: reference
title: Minibeast
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minibeast
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:24.224686+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: minibeast-20260505-0
summary:
In the context of ecological literacy, arthropods and other small invertebrates are often referred to by informal names such as minibeasts, bugs, creepy crawlies (-ie and -y in the singular), or minifauna (contrasting with megafauna). The term is used for spiders, insects, woodlice, centipedes, slugs, snails, worms and many other animals. == Definition == The United Kingdom–based Young People's Charitable Trust defines them as "small animals" in a factsheet written for young readers. There is a "Minibeast Zooseum" in Michigan dedicated to invertebrates. Minibeasts, as indicated by their name, are generally miniature compared to pets and livestock that people are more often familiar with. The study of minibeasts is common as part of the primary school curriculum. Studying minibeasts is a very effective way to observe many biological concepts first hand, which is not possible with many larger animals. Life cycles, food chains, and bodily structure and function are just some of the basic elements of biological science which can be easily explained using minibeasts. "Bugs Alive!" at Melbourne Museum features a huge number of live minibeasts with detailed information about them, while services such as "Minibeast Wildlife" and "Travelbugs" take live minibeasts to school and provide educational resources. ==


id: mobile-laboratory-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_laboratory-0.md
category: reference
title: Mobile laboratory
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_laboratory
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:25.404032+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: mobile-laboratory-20260505-0
summary:
A mobile laboratory is a laboratory that is either fully housed within or transported by a vehicle such as a converted bus, RV, or tractor-trailer. Such vehicles can serve a variety of functions, including: Science education Science research Air, water, and soil analysis and monitoring Biosafety == Mobile Teaching Laboratories == A novel use of the mobile laboratory is in science education. In some cases, the mobile laboratory travels to schools, museums, and other community organizations, providing the schools with educational resources which they otherwise lack. The mobile laboratory coalition is a loose partnership of groups that provide such services. In other cases, students must also travel to the mobile lab, such as when the lab takes the form of a boat or a train. Mobile laboratories have recently been gaining favor from the National Institutes of Health, in the form of the particular mobile laboratories such as the Biobus located in New York and Georgia State University's Bio-Bus Program located in Atlanta, GA and the Boston University MobileLab, as a way to develop knowledge and understanding regarding biotechnology and medicine amongst the United States population. The practice of mobile teaching labs exists outside the USA as well with examples,


id: moscow-state-university-of-fine-chemical-technologies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University_of_Fine_Chemical_Technologies-0.md
category: reference
title: Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University_of_Fine_Chemical_Technologies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:26.619976+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: moscow-state-university-of-fine-chemical-technologies-20260505-0
summary:
Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov (traditional abbreviation "MITHT") is one of the oldest universities in the country that offer training in a wide range of specialties in the field of chemical technology. Currently, there are more than 4,500 students in nine areas of undergraduate, 28 master's programs and 23 scientific specialties for training of candidates and doctors of science. In MITHT there are eight dissertation councils for doctoral and PhD theses. Research and teaching activities are performed by more than 400 professors and 158 scientists, including more than 120 doctors of science and professors. Located in Moscow at Vernadsky Avenue, Building 86 (new building complex) and Malaya Pirogovskaya, Building 1 (historic building). == History == History of the university and its continuing operations as a higher education institution begins 1 July 1900 and covers several stages. === Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow Higher Women Courses (1900–1918) === 1 July (14 July, New Style) 1900 was organized the Moscow Higher Women Courses (MHWC). Their structure originally consisted of two departments: History and Philosophy and Physics and Mathematics. On the last one were soon opened two offices: mathematical and natural, and after a few years


id: moscow-state-university-of-fine-chemical-technologies-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University_of_Fine_Chemical_Technologies-1.md
category: reference
title: Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University_of_Fine_Chemical_Technologies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:26.619976+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: moscow-state-university-of-fine-chemical-technologies-20260505-0
summary:
=== Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology (1930–92) === 18 April 1930 by order of the People's Commissariat second MSU was reorganized into three independent institutions: Medical (now RSMU them. Pirogov) Pedagogical (now MPSU), and Chemical Technology (now MITHT). Last transferred to the jurisdiction of the Vsehimprom VSNKh USSR. In addressing this issue directly involved Sergo Ordzhonikidze. 10 May 1931 Chemical and Pharmaceutical Faculty became an independent and received a new name – the Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology (MITHT). Historically, the name of the institute is due to the nature of objects that are studied by students: they were small capacity chemical and pharmaceutical technology, technology of platinum group metals and rare-earth elements. From this moment begins a new stage of development of the institution, which is quickly becoming one of the leading universities in the chemical industry. Front of it set the goal of training for high-tech industries of chemical technology. In MITHT the first time in the country began to train engineers on the technology of thin inorganic products, synthetic rubber, thin organic produce synthetic liquid fuels, organometallic compounds and a number of other specialties. In the process of restructuring of education at the institute have


id: moscow-state-university-of-fine-chemical-technologies-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University_of_Fine_Chemical_Technologies-2.md
category: reference
title: Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University_of_Fine_Chemical_Technologies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:26.619976+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: moscow-state-university-of-fine-chemical-technologies-20260505-0
summary:
=== Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology named after M. V. Lomonosov (1992–2011) === In 1992, the Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology named after M. V. Lomonosov has received a new, higher educational status – status of the academy. With the name change has changed the status and range of activities of the institute along with old technology, new specialty Humanitarian – Management Profile: "Economics and Management (chemical industry)", "Environmental Protection", "Standardization and Certification". These specialties are subject to major technologies and solve their narrow-profile tasks. Before the transition to a tiered structure the education of students was carried out in one direction, "Chemical Technology and Biotechnology", which consists of seven specialties. After the transition academy led training in seven areas of undergraduate, graduate five areas (including 26 master's programs) and 13 majors (including 25 majors) in full-time and part-correspondence courses, and conducted post-graduate education in 24 specialties and additional education in primary educational programs MITHT. To implement in MITHT a tiered system of higher education were opened new training units. Along with main faculties teaching of students was performed at the Faculty of Natural Science, Faculty of Humanities, Faculty of Management, Economics and Environment, Faculty of Engineering,


id: moscow-state-university-of-fine-chemical-technologies-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University_of_Fine_Chemical_Technologies-3.md
category: reference
title: Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University_of_Fine_Chemical_Technologies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:26.619976+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: moscow-state-university-of-fine-chemical-technologies-20260505-0
summary:
=== Science === Beregov, Valery Vasilievich (b. 27 February 1942) – Corresponding Member of RAMS, now head of the department in MSMU them. Sechenov. Wolfson, Nicholai Sigizmundovich (18 October 1914, Moscow, Russian Empire – 4 March 1994) – a Russian chemist who developed methods for the synthesis of vitamin A, P, K and chemicals color cinematography. Gekhman, Alexander Efimovich (b. 29 September 1949, Moscow) – Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Glushkov, Robert Georgievich (b. 10 September 1929) – Academy of Medical Sciences, the leading scientist in the field of chemistry of drugs, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1981). Dumaev, Cyril Michailovich (b. 1931) – Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Evstigneeva, Rima Porfirievna (12 February 1925, Egorevsk – 7 July 2003, Moscow) – a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, an expert in the chemistry of natural compounds, the winner of the State Prize of the USSR (1985). Developed the technology of synthesis of vitamins E and K1. Eremenko, Igor Leonidovich (b. 1950) – Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences. Karabash, Alex Georgievich. (10 February 1912 – 2003, Obninsk, Kaluga region, Russia) – Soviet and Russian chemist, inventor. One of the


id: the-naked-scientists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Naked_Scientists-0.md
category: reference
title: The Naked Scientists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Naked_Scientists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T04:20:27.783622+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-naked-scientists-20260505-0
summary:
The Naked Scientists is a one-hour audience-interactive science radio talk show broadcast live by the BBC nationally on BBC Radio 5 Live (until 12 January 2025), and internationally on Friday nights on ABC Radio National, Australia; it is also distributed globally as a podcast. The programme was created and is edited by Cambridge University consultant virologist Dr Chris Smith. Former Naked Scientists line-up members include producers Phil Sansom, Adam Murphy, and Katie Haylor, with Peter Cowley adding ad-hoc technology perspectives. == History == Dr Chris Smith launched The Naked Scientists in 2001, rebranding the programme from a previous incarnation created in 2000 called ScienceWorld. Initially on commercial local radio, the show moved to the BBC's eastern region local radio network in 2003 where it was aired on Sundays on all 8 stations across the region. In August 2012, BBC East in response to national changes to local radio provision announced an impending change to the Sunday schedule which would have seen the show discontinued. In response to public reaction, the head of BBC East, Mick Rawsthorne, was interviewed on national radio about the decision to end the programme. Rawsthorne explained that the Naked Scientists did not fit the station's core


