# kb

id: chemistry-for-breakfast-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry_for_Breakfast-0.md
category: reference
title: Chemistry for Breakfast
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry_for_Breakfast
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:09.773246+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: chemistry-for-breakfast-20260505-0
summary:
Chemistry for Breakfast: The Amazing Science of Everyday Life (German: Komisch, alles chemisch! Handys, Kaffee, Emotionen – wie man mit Chemie wirklich alles erklären kann) is a non-fiction book by Mai Thi Nguyen-Kim, published in 2019 by Droemer Verlag. Claire Lenkova did the illustration work. The English version, translated by Sarah Pybus, was published by Greystone Books in 2021. Nguyen-Kim stated that she wanted to show that chemistry can be interesting. Wade-Lee Smith of the University of Toledo library described the style as using "analogies and simple illustrations" to make chemistry comprehensible to the lay public, and that the tone is "casual and familiar". An editor of Science Magazine, Marc S. Lavine, wrote that the book's goal is establishing critical thinking instead of encouraging readers to pursue a career in science. == Contents == The author describes actions in daily life by explaining the implications chemistry has for them. She shows that everything that surrounds us, including ourselves, is chemistry. She uses everyday phenomena and objects to explain the basic principles of chemistry in a light, conversational tone. Based on the daily routine, Nguyen-Kim addresses various aspects that lead through the whole world of organic, inorganic and physical chemistry: When


id: compendium-of-analytical-nomenclature-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compendium_of_Analytical_Nomenclature-0.md
category: reference
title: Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compendium_of_Analytical_Nomenclature
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:10.952274+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: compendium-of-analytical-nomenclature-20260505-0
summary:
The Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature is an IUPAC nomenclature book published by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) containing internationally accepted definitions for terms in analytical chemistry. It has traditionally been published in an orange cover, hence its informal name, the Orange Book. == Color Books == The Orange Book is one of IUPAC's "Color Books" along with the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (Blue Book), Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (Red Book), Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry (Green Book), Compendium of Chemical Terminology (Gold Book), Compendium of Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature (Purple Book), Compendium of Terminology and Nomenclature of Properties Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Silver Book), and Biochemical Nomenclature (White Book). == Editions == There have been four editions of Orange book published; the first in 1978 (ISBN 0-08022-008-8), the second in 1987 (ISBN 0-63201-907-7), the third in 1998 (ISBN 0-86542-615-5), and the fourth in 2023 (ISBN 978-1-78262-947-4). The third edition is available online. A Catalan translation has also been published (1987, ISBN 84-7283-121-3). == References == == External links == Official Site


id: encyclopedia-of-chemistry-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Chemistry-0.md
category: reference
title: Encyclopedia of Chemistry
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Chemistry
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:15.647175+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: encyclopedia-of-chemistry-20260505-0
summary:
The Encyclipedia of Chemistry, full title The Encyclopedia of Chemistry, Practical and Theoretical: Embracing Its Application to the Arts, Metallurgy, Mineralogy, Geology, Medicine, and Pharmacy, was written by James Curtis Booth assisted by Campbell Morfit, and published in Philadelphia in 1850. Numerous editions were published. The eight volume book is 973 pages. Robert Cornelius produced daguerreotypes of Martin Hans Boyè to illustrate the book. It was published by H. C. Baird. Booth travelled to Germany and studied production processes for papermaking and dyeing. He wrote various articles and was involved in various editing and writing projects. Booth also wrote Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the State of Delaware published in 1841 in Newark, Delaware. Booth went on to become a melter and refiner for the United States Mint. Morfit authored the book Chemical Manipulations. == References ==


id: the-golden-book-of-chemistry-experiments-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Golden_Book_of_Chemistry_Experiments-0.md
category: reference
title: The Golden Book of Chemistry Experiments
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Golden_Book_of_Chemistry_Experiments
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:18.054768+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-golden-book-of-chemistry-experiments-20260505-0
summary:
The Golden Book of Chemistry Experiments is a children's chemistry book written in 1960 by Robert Brent and illustrated by Harry Lazarus and published by Western Publishing as part of their Golden Books series. A decade after the book's publication, concerns were raised over the safety of the reactions described, which frequently used or generated toxic or corrosive substances. For example, one experiment generated toxic chlorine gas, and another used carbon tetrachloride, a potent hepatotoxin. The book was also believed to be a source of inspiration to David Hahn, nicknamed "the Radioactive Boy Scout" by the media, who attempted to construct a nuclear reactor in his mother's shed, although the book does not include any nuclear reactions. Due to safety concerns, the book was eventually pulled from library shelves. It became quite rare, and as of November 2023 OCLC lists only 101 copies of this book in libraries worldwide. However, privately owned copies are routinely put up for sale online, as are PDF scans. == Printing history == The first edition was printed in 1960. A second printing was made in 1962 and a revised edition was printed in 1963. == References ==


id: oxford-chemistry-primers-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Chemistry_Primers-0.md
category: reference
title: Oxford Chemistry Primers
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Chemistry_Primers
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:26.776661+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: oxford-chemistry-primers-20260505-0
summary:
The Oxford Chemistry Primers are a series of short texts providing accounts of a range of essential topics in chemistry and chemical engineering written for undergraduate study. The first primer Organic Synthesis: The Roles of Boron and Silicon was published by Oxford University Press in 1991. As of 2017 there are 100 titles in the series, written by a wide range of authors. The editors are Steve G. Davies (Organic Chemistry), Richard G. Compton (Physical Chemistry), John Evans (Inorganic Chemistry) and Lynn Gladden (Chemical Engineering). == Titles == == References ==


id: the-periodic-table-basher-book-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_(Basher_book)-0.md
category: reference
title: The Periodic Table (Basher book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_(Basher_book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:27.986056+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-periodic-table-basher-book-20260505-0
summary:
The Periodic Table: Elements with Style is a 2007 children's science book created by Simon Basher and written by Adrian Dingle. It is the second book in Basher's science series, after Rocks and Minerals: A Gem of a Book. Some of the Basher Science books includes Physics: Why Matter Matters!, Biology: Life As We Know It, Astronomy: Out of this World!, Rocks and Minerals: A Gem of a Book, and Planet Earth: What Planet Are You On?, each of which is 128 pages long. The book is arranged in eleven chapters plus an introduction, and includes a poster in the back of the book. Each chapter is on a different group of the periodic table (hydrogen, the alkali metals, the alkaline earth metals, the transition metals, the boron elements, the carbon elements, the nitrogen elements, the oxygen elements, the halogen elements, the noble gases, the lanthanides and actinides, and the transactinides). For every type of then known atom, Basher has created a "manga-esque" cartoon, and for many types of atoms, Dingle, a high-school chemistry teacher who also developed an award-winning chemistry website has written a couple paragraphs of facts to go with the cartoon. Dingle, who says that "[s]cience is


id: reaction-chemistry-in-the-movies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReAction!_Chemistry_in_the_Movies-0.md
category: reference
title: ReAction! Chemistry in the Movies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReAction!_Chemistry_in_the_Movies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:29.177819+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: reaction-chemistry-in-the-movies-20260505-0
summary:
ReAction! Chemistry in the Movies (2009, ISBN 978-0-19-532692-5) is a nonfiction book about movies, chemistry, and chemistry in the movies by Chemistry Professor Mark Griep and Artist Marjorie Mikasen published by Oxford University Press USA. The authors were awarded an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation grant in the area of Public Understanding of Science to research and write the book. This book is about the chemistry when it is part of the narrative. Most of the examples are contemporary popular feature films while some are documentaries, shorts, silents, and international films. The book uses the dualities personified by the benevolent Dr. Jekyll on one hand and the evil Mr. Hyde on the other to describe how chemists and chemistry are portrayed in the movies. There are 10 chapters, the first five of which have dark chemical themes and the second five of which have bright chemical themes. The chapter titles are: 1. Dr. Jekyll's Mysterious Transformative Formula 2. Invisibility Steals the Seen: Chemistry Creates Criminal Opportunities 3. Isomorphs of Paranoia: Chemical Arsenals 4. Bad Company: The Business of Toxicity 5. A Master/Slave Narrative: Drug Addiction and Psychoactives 6. Inventors and their Often Wacky Chemical Inventions 7. Hard Science = Hard Evidence:


id: the-sceptical-chymist-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sceptical_Chymist-0.md
category: reference
title: The Sceptical Chymist
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sceptical_Chymist
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:30.381233+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-sceptical-chymist-20260505-0
summary:
The Sceptical Chymist: or Chymico-Physical Doubts & Paradoxes is the title of a book by Robert Boyle, published in London in 1661. In the form of a dialogue, the Sceptical Chymist presented Boyle's hypothesis that matter consisted of corpuscles and clusters of corpuscles in motion and that every phenomenon was the result of collisions of particles in motion. Boyle also objected to the definitions of elemental bodies propounded by Aristotle and by Paracelsus, instead defining elements as "perfectly unmingled bodies" (see below). For these reasons Robert Boyle has sometimes been called the founder of modern chemistry. The main setting for the book is a private garden, where five characters are having a conversation about the constituents of mixed bodies. Four of the characters are named, while the fifth one is the unnamed narrator. Due to the popularity of the book, Aristotle’s doctrine of the four elements and Paracelsus’ theory of the three principles gradually passed into disuse. == Contents == The first part of the book begins with 5 friends (Carneades the host and the Skeptic, Philoponus the Chymist, Themistius the Aristotelian, Eleutherius the impartial Judge, and an unnamed narrator) meeting in Carneades's garden and chatting about the constituents of


id: the-science-of-revolutionary-warfare-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Science_of_Revolutionary_Warfare-0.md
category: reference
title: The Science of Revolutionary Warfare
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Science_of_Revolutionary_Warfare
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:31.592617+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-science-of-revolutionary-warfare-20260505-0
summary:
The Science of Revolutionary Warfare (in German: Revolutionäre Kriegswissenschaft) is a revolutionary manual written by the anarchist militant Johann Most in 1885. Being the first revolutionary manual in history, it is a work in which the author sought to promote the idea of propaganda by the deed, but also and especially to provide methods for carrying it out, such as manufacturing explosives, poisons, incendiary materials, invisible ink, or other "recipes". Most distinguished himself by drawing most of his information from publicly available sources of his time and by trying to offer affordable and practical methods for his contemporaries. The work innovated on numerous points of revolutionary and terrorist strategy but became a textbook case representing anarchist terrorism, which served to criminalize all anarchists. For instance, it was used during the trial following the Haymarket Square massacre to accuse anarchists of belonging to a terrorist conspiracy. This difficult legacy, coupled with the very approximate nature of the methods used to make explosives like dynamite, gave this text a particular status among anarchists. The text was updated by the Italian anarchist Luigi Galleani in La Salute è in voi (1906), a work aiming to address the issues raised by Most's manual and


id: the-science-of-revolutionary-warfare-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Science_of_Revolutionary_Warfare-1.md
category: reference
title: The Science of Revolutionary Warfare
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Science_of_Revolutionary_Warfare
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:31.592617+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-science-of-revolutionary-warfare-20260505-0
summary:
=== Influence, criminalization, and criticisms among anarchists === Johann Most's The Science of Revolutionary Warfare was indeed used by some anarchists in the early 1880s and 1890s, but its methods for producing explosives were quickly noted for being highly approximate. For example, Emma Goldman stated that she and Alexander Berkman attempted to follow the book's instructions for making bombs without success. Although it was the first anarchist work of its kind, it was quickly denounced within anarchist circles, not only for these practical problems but also because it became a textbook case representing anarchist terrorism. This served to criminalize all anarchists, even those who didn't support propaganda of the deed, by allowing the invocation of "anarchist terrorist literature". For instance, during the trial following the Haymarket Square massacre, the book was used by the U.S. police to justify their actions and criminalize the victims. Most himself was gradually viewed with increasing distance by a number of anarchists. He never truly subscribed to anarcho-communism, and his stances were sometimes criticized, especially as the strategy of propaganda of the deed itself began to be questioned. As a result, the work holds an ambiguous legacy among anarchists. Despite this, it was also adopted


id: textbook-of-biochemistry-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textbook_of_Biochemistry-0.md
category: reference
title: Textbook of Biochemistry
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textbook_of_Biochemistry
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:32.738606+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: textbook-of-biochemistry-20260505-0
summary:
Textbook of Biochemistry, first published in 1928, is scientific textbook authored by Alexander Thomas Cameron. The textbook became a standard of its field, and, by 1948, had gone through six editions, in addition to one Chinese and two Spanish editions. == Publication == Textbook of Biochemistry consists entirely of lecture manuscripts given by the author, Alexander Thomas Cameron, over several years. Cameron had lectured at the University of Manitoba since 1909, but was never a fluent speaker. To compensate for this, he would write out his lectures in full. Cameron was encouraged by students and friends to submit his lecture manuscripts for publication. The textbook's first edition was published with a preface by Swale Vincent, Professor of Physiology at the University of London. == Structure == Textbook of Biochemistry is divided into the following chapters: Introduction Introduction to the concept of biochemistry, and a review of catalytic reactions and pH. Food-Stuffs, Their Derivatives and Related Substances. Ideas regarding carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. The Chemistry of Digestion, the Circulation, and the Excreto. The importance of bacterial and chemical activity in organisms. Intermediate Metabolism The chemistry of tissues, intracellular synthesis, products of metabolism, and vitamins. The Chemistry of Reproduction; The Chemical Controlling


id: trait-l-mentaire-de-chimie-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traité_Élémentaire_de_Chimie-0.md
category: reference
title: Traité Élémentaire de Chimie
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traité_Élémentaire_de_Chimie
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:33.899052+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: trait-l-mentaire-de-chimie-20260505-0
summary:
Traité élémentaire de chimie is a textbook written by Antoine Lavoisier published in 1789 and translated into English by Robert Kerr in 1790 under the title Elements of Chemistry in a New Systematic Order containing All the Modern Discoveries. It is considered to be the first modern chemical textbook. The book defines an element as a single substance that can't be broken down by chemical analysis and from which all chemical compounds are formed, publishing his discovery that fermentation produces carbon dioxide (carbonic gas) and spirit of wine, saying that it is "more appropriately called by the Arabic word alcohol since it is formed from cider or fermented sugar as well as wine", and publishing the first chemical equation "grape must = carbonic acid + alcohol", calling this reaction "one of the most extraordinary in chemistry", noting "In these experiments, we have to assume that there is a true balance or equation between the elements of the compounds with which we start and those obtained at the end of the chemical reaction." The book contains 33 elements, only 23 of which are elements in the modern sense. The elements given by Lavoisier are: light, caloric, oxygen, azote (nitrogen), hydrogen, sulphur,


id: ullmann-s-encyclopedia-of-industrial-chemistry-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ullmann's_Encyclopedia_of_Industrial_Chemistry-0.md
category: reference
title: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ullmann's_Encyclopedia_of_Industrial_Chemistry
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:36.292169+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ullmann-s-encyclopedia-of-industrial-chemistry-20260505-0
summary:
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry is a major reference work related to industrial chemistry by chemist Fritz Ullmann, first published in 1914, and exclusively in German as "Enzyklopädie der Technischen Chemie" until 1984. == History == Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry is a major reference work related to industrial chemistry by chemist Fritz Ullmann. Its first edition was published in German by Fritz Ullmann in 1914. The fourth edition, published 1972 to 1984, already contained 25 volumes. The fifth edition, published 1985 to 1996, was the first version available in English. In 1997, the first online version was published. The year 2014 marked its centenary. As of 2016, Ullmann's Encyclopedia was in its seventh edition, in 40 volumes, including one index volume and more than 1,050 articles (200 more than the sixth edition), approximately 30,000 pages, 22,000 images, 8,000 tables, 19,000 references and 85,000 indices. Furthermore, Ullmann's Encyclopedia has been continuously updated with new online by multiple authors as of January 2026, primarily on the Wiley Online Library. == Editions == === German === 1914–1922: 1st edition in 12 volumes, which can be viewed online (hosted by Internet Archive) 1928–1932: 2nd edition in 11 volumes 1951–1970: 3rd edition in 22


id: uncle-tungsten-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle_Tungsten-0.md
category: reference
title: Uncle Tungsten
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle_Tungsten
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:37.523523+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: uncle-tungsten-20260505-0
summary:
Uncle Tungsten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood is a memoir by Oliver Sacks about his childhood published in 2001. The book is named after Sacks's Uncle Dave, whom Oliver nicknamed Uncle Tungsten because he was secretary of a business named Tungstalite, which made incandescent lightbulbs with a tungsten filament. Uncle Tungsten was fascinated with tungsten and believed it was the metal of the future. According to family members, Oliver used the single nickname, Uncle Tungsten, to refer to a combination of Dave with several other individuals in the same family. Sacks' middle name is 'Wolf', and in most European (especially Germanic, Spanish and Slavic) languages, tungsten is named "Wolfram", which is the origin of the chemical symbol W. The book combines autobiographical elements with a primer in the history and science of chemistry. However, it is not all about his youthful passion for chemistry, but also is eclectic, relating his memories of the catastrophic fire at the Crystal Palace, his terrible experiences of sadism at school, his interest in amateur chemistry, and a passing obsession with coloring his own black-and-white photographs in his home laboratory. == Reception == Upon release, Uncle Tungsten was generally well-received among the British press. ==


id: basic-color-terms-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Color_Terms-0.md
category: reference
title: Basic Color Terms
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Color_Terms
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:39.008863+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: basic-color-terms-20260505-0
summary:
Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution (1969; ISBN 1-57586-162-3) is a book by Brent Berlin and Paul Kay. Berlin and Kay's work proposed that the basic color terms in a culture, such as black, brown, or red, are predictable by the number of color terms the culture has. All cultures have terms for black/dark and white/bright. If a culture has three color terms, the third is red. If a culture has four, it has either yellow or green. (Note that this counts only the "basic" color terms. It does not include terms or descriptions such as "light blue", "carrot-colored", or "taupe". For more information, see the page on color terms.) Berlin and Kay posit seven levels in which cultures fall, with Stage I languages having only the colors black (dark–cool) and white (light–warm). Languages in Stage VII have eight or more basic color terms. This includes English, which has eleven basic color terms. The authors theorize that as languages evolve, they acquire new basic color terms in a strict chronological sequence; if a basic color term is found in a language, then the colors of all earlier stages should also be present. The sequence is as follows: Stage I:


id: brown-bear-brown-bear-what-do-you-see-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Bear,_Brown_Bear,_What_Do_You_See-0.md
category: reference
title: Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See?
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Bear,_Brown_Bear,_What_Do_You_See?
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:40.175916+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: brown-bear-brown-bear-what-do-you-see-20260505-0
summary:
Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See? is a children's picture book published in 1967 by Henry Holt and Company, Inc. Written by Bill Martin Jr. and illustrated by Eric Carle, the book is designed to help toddlers associate colors and meanings to animals. The book has been widely praised by parents and teachers and placed on several recognition lists. In 2010, the book was briefly banned from Texas’ third grade curriculum due to a confusion between author of children's books Bill Martin Jr, and author of Ethical Marxism: The Categorical Imperative of Liberation (Creative Marxism) philosopher Bill Martin. == Background == Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See? is one of over 300 children's books written by Bill Martin, Jr. Martin came across illustrations by Eric Carle in a newspaper, and their collaboration began shortly after. Martin and Carle write poetic books they wished they had access to as students. Their use of simplistic and rhythmic language is to help students transition from reading to writing in early stages of education. Before Martin begins writing a book, he establishes a rhythm which is then repeated throughout the book. American author and illustrator Steven Kellogg describes Martin's purpose


id: klaer-lightende-spiegel-der-verfkonst-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaer_Lightende_Spiegel_der_Verfkonst-0.md
category: reference
title: Klaer Lightende Spiegel der Verfkonst
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaer_Lightende_Spiegel_der_Verfkonst
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:41.299403+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: klaer-lightende-spiegel-der-verfkonst-20260505-0
summary:
The Klaer Lightende Spiegel der Verfkonst (literally: "clearly lighting mirror of the painting art") is a manuscript with over 700 pages of color swatches, produced in 1692 by a Dutch author from Delft known only as A. Boogert. The book is arranged according to the Aristotelian system rather than the spectrum, which had recently been described by Newton. Only one copy of the manual is known, and it is completely handwritten and hand-painted. It is kept in the Bibliothèque Méjanes in Aix-en-Provence. == References == == External links == Complete book at Bibliothèque Méjanes site


id: on-vision-and-colours-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Vision_and_Colours-0.md
category: reference
title: On Vision and Colours
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Vision_and_Colours
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:42.489866+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: on-vision-and-colours-20260505-0
summary:
On Vision and Colors (originally translated as On Vision and Colours; German: Ueber das Sehn und die Farben) is a treatise by Arthur Schopenhauer that was published in May 1816 when the author was 28 years old. Schopenhauer had extensive discussions with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe about the poet's Theory of Colours of 1810, in the months around the turn of the years 1813 and 1814, and initially shared Goethe's views. Their growing theoretical disagreements and Schopenhauer's criticisms made Goethe distance himself from his young collaborator. Although Schopenhauer considered his own theory superior, he would still continue to praise Goethe's work as an important introduction to his own. Schopenhauer tried to demonstrate physiologically that color is "specially modified activity of the retina." The initial basis for Schopenhauer's color theory comes from Goethe's chapter on physiological colors, which discusses three principal pairs of contrasting colors: red/green, orange/blue, and yellow/violet. This is in contrast to the customary emphasis on Newton's seven colors of the Newtonian spectrum. In accordance with Aristotle, Schopenhauer considered that colors arise by the mixture of shadowy, cloudy darkness with light. With white and black at each extreme of the scale, colors are arranged in a series according to


id: on-vision-and-colours-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Vision_and_Colours-1.md
category: reference
title: On Vision and Colours
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Vision_and_Colours
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:42.489866+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: on-vision-and-colours-20260505-0
summary:
Intuitive perception, or knowledge of an object, is intellectual, not merely sensual. The intellect's understanding regards every sense impression in the observer's body as coming from an external cause. This transition from effect to cause is knowledge of the pure understanding, not a rational conclusion or combination of concepts and judgments according to logical laws. Knowledge of an object never results from mere impression, but always from the application of the law of causality, and consequently of the understanding. The law of causality is the sole form of the understanding and the precondition of the possibility of any objective perception. Illusion occurs when the understanding is given uncommon sensations. If the sensations become commonplace, the illusion may disappear. Intellectual understanding, or knowing the objective cause of a subjective sensation, distinguishes animals from plants. All animals are able to intuitively perceive objects. Color is usually attributed to external bodies. However, color is actually the activity of the eye's retina. It is a sensation. The external body is perceived as the cause of the sensation of color. We say, "The body is red." In reality, though, color exists only in the retina of the eye. It is separate from the external object.


id: on-vision-and-colours-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Vision_and_Colours-2.md
category: reference
title: On Vision and Colours
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Vision_and_Colours
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:42.489866+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: on-vision-and-colours-20260505-0
summary:
==== § 5 ==== The qualitative division of the activity is completely different from the two quantitative divisions. It occurs when color is presented to the eye. Schopenhauer described the way in which various points or places on the retina become fatigued from being overstimulated. After staring at a black figure on a white background, the overactive and excited retinal points become exhausted and do not react to stimulation when the eye finally looks away. A ghostly appearance of a black background is seen with a light-colored figure. The retinal positions that were exhausted by the whiteness become completely inactive. The retinal positions that had been rested are now easily stimulated. This explains afterimage (physiological spectra). Both Goethe and Schopenhauer use the word "spectrum" [Spektrum], from the Latin word "spectrum" meaning "appearance" or "apparition," to designate an afterimage. If, instead of white, we stare at yellow, then the afterimage, or physiological color spectrum, is violet. Yellow, unlike white, does not fully stimulate and exhaust the retina's activity. Yellow partially stimulates points on the retina and leaves those points partially unstimulated. The retina's activity has been qualitatively divided and separated into two parts. The unstimulated part results in a violet afterimage.


id: on-vision-and-colours-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Vision_and_Colours-3.md
category: reference
title: On Vision and Colours
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Vision_and_Colours
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:42.489866+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: on-vision-and-colours-20260505-0
summary:
==== § 8 ==== Newton recognized that color is darker than white or light. He erroneously investigated light instead of the eye, the objective instead of the subjective. In so doing, he asserted that light rays are composed of seven colored rays. These seven were like the seven intervals of the musical scale. Schopenhauer claimed that there are only four prismatic colors: violet, blue, yellow, and orange. The rays described by Newton are supposed to be variously colored according to laws that have nothing to do with the eye. Instead of Newton's division of sunshine into seven rays, Schopenhauer claimed that color was a division of the eye's retina into two complementary parts. Like the Delphic Oracle, Copernicus, and Kant, Schopenhauer concentrated on the subjective rather than the objective, on the observer's experience rather than the observed object. In general, he believed, the subjective viewpoint leads to correct results. Colors are not in light. Colors are nothing more than the eye's activity, appearing in polar contrasts. Philosophers have always surmised that color belongs to the eye rather than to things. Locke, for example, claimed that color was at the head of his list of secondary qualities. Newton's theory has color


id: on-vision-and-colours-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Vision_and_Colours-4.md
category: reference
title: On Vision and Colours
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Vision_and_Colours
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:42.489866+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: on-vision-and-colours-20260505-0
summary:
==== § 12 ==== Afterimages (spectra) appear after a mechanical shock to the eye. The eye's activity is convulsively divided. Transitory pathological spectra appear from glare or dazzle. The retina's activity is disorganized from over-stimulation. A dazzled eye sees red when looking at brightness and green when looking into darkness. The retina's activity is forcefully divided by the powerful stimulation. When the eye strains to see in dim light, the retina is voluntarily activated and intensively divided. Blue eyeglasses counter the effect of orange candlelight and produce the effect of daylight. An additional proof of the subjective nature of color, namely that it is a function of the eye itself and is only secondarily related to external objects, is given by the daguerreotype. It objectively shows that color is not essential to the appearance of an object. Also, people who are color blind would see color if it was in the object and not in the eye. ==== § 13 ==== Colors and the laws by which they appear reside within the eye. The external cause of color is a stimulus which excites the retina and separates its polarity. Goethe had organized color into three classes: physiological, physical, and chemical.


id: on-vision-and-colours-20260505-5
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Vision_and_Colours-5.md
category: reference
title: On Vision and Colours
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Vision_and_Colours
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:42.489866+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: on-vision-and-colours-20260505-0
summary:
...if, bearing in mind the numerical fractions, (of the activity of the Retina) by which I express the 6 chief colours, You contemplate these colours singly, then You will find that only by this, and by no other theory on earth, You will come to understand the peculiar sensation, which every colour produces in your eye, and thereby get an insight into the very essence of every colour, and of colour in general. Likewise my theory alone gives the true sense in which the notion of complementary colours is to be taken, viz: as having no reference to light, but to the Retina, and not being a redintegration [restoration] of white light, but of the full action of the Retina, which by every colour undergoes a bipartition either in yellow (3/4) and violet (1/4) or in orange (2/3) and blue (1/3) or in red (1/2) and green (1/2). This is in short the great mystery. Here he explained that color results from the way that the retina reacts to sensation. The cause may be light or other pressure on the retina. The fractions of two complementary colors sum to unity. White is undivided, whole retinal activity. == Reception == Ludwig


id: the-secret-lives-of-colour-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Secret_Lives_of_Colour-0.md
category: reference
title: The Secret Lives of Colour
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Secret_Lives_of_Colour
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:43.677317+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-secret-lives-of-colour-20260505-0
summary:
The Secret Lives of Colour is a 2016 non-fiction book by British writer Kassia St. Clair which explores the cultural and social history of colours. The book, which is based on a column St. Clair writes for British magazine Elle Decoration, is organized in a series of chapters by color, arranged from white to black. Each chapter is composed of short, two to four page, essays on different shades of its respective color, discussing an interesting aspect of science, history, art, or culture relating to the shade. There are a total of 75 essays in the book. Each page is bordered by a stripe of the color it discusses for easy visual identification, even when the book is closed. == Reception == The book was generally well-received by critics. NPR listed it on its Best Books of 2017 list. Lily Le Brun of The Economist found the book's design visually appealing and helpful for referencing. Cathy Dillon of The Irish Times called it "perfect gift for a colour enthusiast". Laura J. Snyder of The Wall Street Journal wrote that it brought the history of both science and art "into vivid relief." Critics responded particularly well to the breadth of subjects


id: algorithms-data-structures-programs-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithms_+_Data_Structures_=_Programs-0.md
category: reference
title: Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithms_+_Data_Structures_=_Programs
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:47.538229+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: algorithms-data-structures-programs-20260505-0
summary:
Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs is a 1976 book written by Niklaus Wirth covering some of the fundamental topics of system engineering, computer programming, particularly that algorithms and data structures are inherently related. For example, if one has a sorted list one will use a search algorithm optimal for sorted lists. The book is one of the most influential computer science books of its time and, like Wirth's other work, has been used extensively in education. The Turbo Pascal compiler written by Anders Hejlsberg was largely inspired by the Tiny Pascal compiler in Niklaus Wirth's book. == Chapter outline == Chapter 1 - Fundamental Data Structures Chapter 2 - Sorting Chapter 3 - Recursive Algorithms Chapter 4 - Dynamic Information Structures Chapter 5 - Language Structures and Compilers Appendix A - the ASCII character set Appendix B - Pascal syntax diagrams == Later editions == A revised edition was published in 1985 with the title Algorithms and Data Structures, 288 pages. It used Modula-2 instead of Pascal. There is a later version available in digital form which uses Oberon. Chapter 5 has been replaced with a chapter titled "Key Transformations (Hashing)". == References == == External links == ETH


id: algorithms-unlocked-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithms_Unlocked-0.md
category: reference
title: Algorithms Unlocked
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithms_Unlocked
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:48.685828+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: algorithms-unlocked-20260505-0
summary:
Algorithms Unlocked is a book by Thomas H. Cormen about the basic principles and applications of computer algorithms. The book consists of ten chapters, and deals with the topics of searching, sorting, basic graph algorithms, string processing, the fundamentals of cryptography and data compression, and an introduction to the theory of computation. == References == == External links == MIT Press: Algorithms Unlocked


id: the-art-of-computer-programming-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming-0.md
category: reference
title: The Art of Computer Programming
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:49.830398+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-art-of-computer-programming-20260505-0
summary:
The Art of Computer Programming (TAOCP) is a comprehensive multi-volume monograph (Volumes 1-7) written by the computer scientist Donald Knuth presenting programming algorithms and their analysis. As of 2026 it consists of published volumes 1, 2, 3, 4A, and 4B, with more expected to be released in the future. The Volumes 1–5 are intended to represent the central core of computer programming for sequential machines; the subjects of Volumes 6 and 7 are important but more specialized. When Knuth began the project in 1962, he originally conceived of it as a single book with twelve chapters. The first three volumes of what was then expected to be a seven-volume set were published in 1968, 1969, and 1973. Work began in earnest on Volume 4 in 1973, but was suspended in 1977 for work on typesetting prompted by the second edition of Volume 2. Writing of the final copy of Volume 4A began in longhand in 2001, and the first online pre-fascicle, 2A, appeared later in 2001. The first published installment of Volume 4 appeared in paperback as Fascicle 2 in 2005. The hardback Volume 4A, combining Volume 4, Fascicles 0–4, was published in 2011. Volume 4, Fascicle 6 ("Satisfiability") was


id: the-art-of-computer-programming-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming-1.md
category: reference
title: The Art of Computer Programming
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:49.830398+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-art-of-computer-programming-20260505-0
summary:
== Assembly language in the book == All examples in the books use a hypothetical language called "MIX assembly language" (MIXAL), which runs on "a mythical computer called 'MIX,'" which was developed to be contemporaneous with other 1960s and 1970s computers. Despite Knuth's intention to have MIX stand the test of time, he remarked in the third edition of the first volume that it had nonetheless become "quite obsolete." During the 1990s, Knuth began developing MMIX, a modern, RISC-based computer, which Knuth described as "A RISC computer for the new millennium." The conversion from MIX to MMIX was a large, multi-year project, for which Knuth solicited help from volunteers. MMIX would reach its stable release in 2011. Knuth considers the use of assembly language necessary for the speed and memory usage of algorithms to be judged. Regarding the origin of MIX, Knuth remarked it was much like any computer then in existence, "but, perhaps, nicer." The name MIX can be represented as 1009 in Roman numerals. Further, Knuth explains the derivation of 1009 came from taking sixteen actual computers he deemed similar to MIX and on which MIX was easily simulated. He averaged the numeric portions of their model numbers


id: the-art-of-computer-programming-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming-2.md
category: reference
title: The Art of Computer Programming
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:49.830398+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-art-of-computer-programming-20260505-0
summary:
Volume 4, Fascicle 5: Mathematical Preliminaries Redux; Backtracking; Dancing Links. (Addison-Wesley, 2019-11-22) xiii+382pp, ISBN 978-0-13-467179-6. Errata: [23] (2020-03-27) Volume 4, Fascicle 6: Satisfiability. (Addison-Wesley, 2015-12-08) xiii+310pp, ISBN 978-0-13-439760-3. Errata: [24] (2020-03-26) ==== Pre-fascicles ==== Pre-fascicles contain draft of evolving material for future Fascicles. They are put online primarily so that experts in the field can check the contents before distributing them to a wider audience. Volume 1 Pre-fascicle 1: MMIX was revised and published as Volume 1, fascicle 1. Volume 4 Pre-fascicles 0A: Introduction to Combinatorial Searching, 0B: Boolean Basics, and 0C: Boolean Evaluation were revised and published as Volume 4, fascicle 0. Pre-fascicles 1A: Bitwise Tricks and Techniques and 1B: Binary Decision Diagrams were revised and published as Volume 4, fascicle 1. Pre-fascicles 2A: Generating All n-Tuples and 2B: Generating All Permutations were revised and published as Volume 4, fascicle 2. Pre-fascicles 3A: Generating All Combinations and 3B: Generating All Partitions were revised and published as Volume 4, fascicle 3. Pre-fascicles 4A: Generating All Trees and 4B: History of Combinatorial Generation were revised and published as Volume 4, fascicle 4. Pre-fascicles 5A: Preliminaries Redux, 5B: Introduction to Backtracking, and 5C: Dancing Links were revised and published as Volume 4,


id: artificial-reality-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Reality-0.md
category: reference
title: Artificial Reality
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Reality
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:51.008449+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: artificial-reality-20260505-0
summary:
Artificial Reality is a book series by Myron W. Krueger about interactive immersive environments (or virtual realities), based on video recognition techniques, that put a user in full, unencumbered contact with the digital world. He started this work in the late 1960s and is considered to be a key figure in the early innovation of virtual reality. For 16 years Krueger was creating a computer system that connected the actions of a user to the real-time response of visual and auditory displays. Artificial Reality was published in 1983 and updated in Artificial Reality II in 1991 (both published by Addison-Wesley). Artificial Reality II was to explore the concept of 'Videoplace', which is when a users body is implemented into a computer created world full of color, sound, and visuals. Whilst the first iteration of the series Artificial Reality has laid the ground work for different branches of computer-generated worlds like Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality. Visualization is key for all artificial realities to efficiently use data; resulting in being able to utilize human sensory systems that create these artificial realities. == References == == External links == Myron Krueger. Artificial Reality, Addison-Wesley, 1983. ISBN 0-201-04765-9 Myron Krueger. Artificial Reality 2,


id: list-of-books-in-computational-geometry-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_books_in_computational_geometry-0.md
category: reference
title: List of books in computational geometry
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_books_in_computational_geometry
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:52.223614+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-books-in-computational-geometry-20260505-0
summary:
This is a list of books in computational geometry. There are two major, largely nonoverlapping categories: Combinatorial computational geometry, which deals with collections of discrete objects or defined in discrete terms: points, lines, polygons, polytopes, etc., and algorithms of discrete/combinatorial character are used Numerical computational geometry, also known as geometric modeling and computer-aided geometric design (CAGD), which deals with modelling of shapes of real-life objects in terms of curves and surfaces with algebraic representation. == Combinatorial computational geometry == === General-purpose textbooks === Franco P. Preparata; Michael Ian Shamos (1985). Computational Geometry - An Introduction. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-96131-3. 1st edition; 2nd printing, corrected and expanded, 1988: ISBN 3-540-96131-3; Russian translation, 1989: ISBN 5-03-001041-6. The book is the first comprehensive monograph on the level of a graduate textbook to systematically cover the fundamental aspects of the emerging discipline of computational geometry. It is written by founders of the field and the first edition covered all major developments in the preceding 10 years. In the aspect of comprehensiveness it was preceded only by the 1984 survey paper, Lee, D, T., Preparata, F. P.: "Computational geometry - a survey". IEEE Trans. on Computers. Vol. 33, No. 12, pp. 1072–1101 (1984). It is focused


id: the-cathedral-and-the-bazaar-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cathedral_and_the_Bazaar-0.md
category: reference
title: The Cathedral and the Bazaar
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cathedral_and_the_Bazaar
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:54.530743+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-cathedral-and-the-bazaar-20260505-0
summary:
The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary (abbreviated CatB) is an essay, and later a book, by Eric S. Raymond on software engineering methods, based on his observations of the Linux kernel development process and his experiences managing an open source project, fetchmail. It examines the struggle between top-down and bottom-up design. The essay was first presented by Raymond at the Linux Kongress on May 27, 1997, in Würzburg, Germany, and was published as the second chapter of the same‑titled book in 1999. The illustration on the cover of the book is a 1913 painting by Lyubov Popova titled Composition with Figures and belongs to the collection of the State Tretyakov Gallery. The book was released under the Open Publication License v2.0 in 1999. == Central thesis == The software essay contrasts two different free software development models: The cathedral model, in which source code is available with each software release, but code developed between releases is restricted to an exclusive group of software developers. GNU Emacs and GCC were presented as examples. The bazaar model, in which the code is developed over the Internet in view of the public. Raymond credits


id: code-the-hidden-language-of-computer-hardware-and-software-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code:_The_Hidden_Language_of_Computer_Hardware_and_Software-0.md
category: reference
title: Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code:_The_Hidden_Language_of_Computer_Hardware_and_Software
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:55.708596+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: code-the-hidden-language-of-computer-hardware-and-software-20260505-0
summary:
Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software (1999) is a book by Charles Petzold that seeks to teach how personal computers work at a hardware and software level. In the preface to the 2000 softcover edition, Petzold wrote that his goal was for readers to understand how computers work at a concrete level that "just might even rival that of electrical engineers and programmers" and that he "went as far back" as he could go in regard to the history of technological development. Petzold describes Code as being structured as moving "up each level in the hierarchy" in which computers are constructed. On June 10, 2022, Petzold announced that an expanded second edition would be published later that year. The second edition was released on July 28, 2022, along with an interactive companion website (www.codehiddenlanguage.com) developed by Petzold. The idea of writing the book came to him in 1987 while writing a column called "PC Tutor" for PC Magazine. == Chapter outline == Best Friends Codes and Combinations Braille and Binary Codes Anatomy of a Flashlight Communicating Around Corners Logic with Switches Telegraphs and Relays Relays and Gates Our Ten Digits Alternatives 10s Bit by Bit by Bit


id: compilers-principles-techniques-and-tools-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilers:_Principles,_Techniques,_and_Tools-0.md
category: reference
title: Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilers:_Principles,_Techniques,_and_Tools
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:57.924500+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: compilers-principles-techniques-and-tools-20260505-0
summary:
Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools is a computer science textbook by Alfred V. Aho, Monica S. Lam, Ravi Sethi, and Jeffrey D. Ullman about compiler construction for programming languages. First published in 1986, it is widely regarded as the classic definitive compiler technology text. It is known as the Dragon Book to generations of computer scientists as its cover depicts a knight and a dragon in battle, a metaphor for conquering complexity. This name can also refer to Aho and Ullman's older Principles of Compiler Design. == First edition == The first edition (1986) is informally called the "red dragon book" to distinguish it from the second edition and from Aho and Ullman's 1977 Principles of Compiler Design sometimes known as the "green dragon book". Topics covered in the first edition include: Compiler structure Lexical analysis (including regular expressions and finite automata) Syntax analysis (including context-free grammars, LL parsers, bottom-up parsers, and LR parsers) Syntax-directed translation Type checking (including type conversions and polymorphism) Run-time environment (including parameter passing, symbol tables and register allocation) Code generation (including intermediate code generation) Code optimization == Second edition == Following in the tradition of its two predecessors, the second edition (2006) features a dragon


id: computer-graphics-principles-and-practice-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Graphics:_Principles_and_Practice-0.md
category: reference
title: Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Graphics:_Principles_and_Practice
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:35:59.080920+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: computer-graphics-principles-and-practice-20260505-0
summary:
Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice is a textbook written by James D. Foley, Andries van Dam, Steven K. Feiner, John Hughes, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, and Kurt Akeley and published by Addison–Wesley. First published in 1982 as Fundamentals of Interactive Computer Graphics, it is widely considered a classic standard reference book on the topic of computer graphics. It is sometimes known as the bible of computer graphics (due to its size). == Editions == === First Edition === The first edition, published in 1982 and titled Fundamentals of Interactive Computer Graphics, discussed the SGP library, which was based on ACM's SIGGRAPH CORE 1979 graphics standard, and focused on 2D vector graphics. === Second Edition === The second edition, published 1990, was completely rewritten and covered 2D and 3D raster and vector graphics, user interfaces, geometric modeling, anti-aliasing, advanced rendering algorithms and an introduction to animation. The SGP library was replaced by SRGP (Simple Raster Graphics Package), a library for 2D raster primitives and interaction handling, and SPHIGS (Simple PHIGS), a library for 3D primitives, which were specifically written for the book. === Second Edition in C === In the second edition in C, published in 1995, all examples were


id: computers-and-intractability-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computers_and_Intractability-0.md
category: reference
title: Computers and Intractability
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computers_and_Intractability
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:00.247158+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: computers-and-intractability-20260505-0
summary:
Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness is a textbook by Michael Garey and David S. Johnson. It was the first book exclusively on the theory of NP-completeness and computational intractability. The book features an appendix providing a thorough compendium of NP-complete problems (which was updated in later printings of the book). The book is now outdated in some respects as it does not cover more recent development such as the PCP theorem. It is nevertheless still in print and is regarded as a classic: in a 2006 study, the CiteSeer search engine listed the book as the most cited reference in computer science literature. == Open problems == Another appendix of the book featured problems for which it was not known whether they were NP-complete or in P (or neither). The problems (with their original names) are: Graph isomorphism This problem is known to be in NP, but it is unknown if it is NP-complete. Subgraph homeomorphism (for a fixed graph H) Graph genus Chordal graph completion Chromatic index Spanning tree parity problem Partial order dimension Precedence constrained 3-processor scheduling This problem was still open as of 2016. Linear programming Total unimodularity Composite number Testing for


id: concepts-techniques-and-models-of-computer-programming-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concepts,_Techniques,_and_Models_of_Computer_Programming-0.md
category: reference
title: Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concepts,_Techniques,_and_Models_of_Computer_Programming
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:01.425059+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: concepts-techniques-and-models-of-computer-programming-20260505-0
summary:
Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming is a textbook published in 2004 about general computer programming concepts from MIT Press written by Université catholique de Louvain professor Peter Van Roy and Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden professor Seif Haridi. Using a carefully selected progression of subsets of the Oz programming language, the book explains the most important programming concepts, techniques, and models (paradigms). Translations of this book have been published in French (by Dunod Éditeur, 2007), Japanese (by Shoeisha, 2007) and Polish (by Helion, 2005). == External links == ISBN 0-262-22069-5 Official CTM site, with supplementary material Yves Deville et al. review CTM wiki


id: concrete-mathematics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_Mathematics-0.md
category: reference
title: Concrete Mathematics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_Mathematics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:02.578948+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: concrete-mathematics-20260505-0
summary:
Concrete Mathematics: A Foundation for Computer Science, by Ronald Graham, Donald Knuth, and Oren Patashnik, first published in 1989, is a textbook that is widely used in computer-science departments as a substantive but light-hearted treatment of the analysis of algorithms. == Contents and history == The book provides mathematical knowledge and skills for computer science, especially for the analysis of algorithms. According to the preface, the topics in Concrete Mathematics are "a blend of CONtinuous and disCRETE mathematics". Calculus is frequently used in the explanations and exercises. The term "concrete mathematics" also denotes a complement to "abstract mathematics". The book is based on a course begun in 1970 by Knuth at Stanford University. The book expands on the material (approximately 100 pages) in the "Mathematical Preliminaries" section of Knuth's The Art of Computer Programming. Consequently, some readers use it as an introduction to that series of books. Concrete Mathematics has an informal and often humorous style. The authors reject what they see as the dry style of most mathematics textbooks. The margins contain "mathematical graffiti", comments submitted by the text's first editors: Knuth and Patashnik's students at Stanford. As with many of Knuth's books, readers are invited to claim a


id: data-science-and-predictive-analytics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Science_and_Predictive_Analytics-0.md
category: reference
title: Data Science and Predictive Analytics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Science_and_Predictive_Analytics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:03.786187+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: data-science-and-predictive-analytics-20260505-0
summary:
The first edition of the textbook Data Science and Predictive Analytics: Biomedical and Health Applications using R, authored by Ivo D. Dinov, was published in August 2018 by Springer. The second edition of the book was printed in 2023. This textbook covers some of the core mathematical foundations, computational techniques, and artificial intelligence approaches used in data science research and applications. By using the statistical computing platform R and a broad range of biomedical case-studies, the 23 chapters of the book first edition provide explicit examples of importing, exporting, processing, modeling, visualizing, and interpreting large, multivariate, incomplete, heterogeneous, longitudinal, and incomplete datasets (big data). == Structure == === First edition table of contents === The first edition of the Data Science and Predictive Analytics (DSPA) textbook is divided into the following 23 chapters, each progressively building on the previous content. === Second edition table of contents === The significantly reorganized revised edition of the book (2023) expands and modernizes the presented mathematical principles, computational methods, data science techniques, model-based machine learning and model-free artificial intelligence algorithms. The 14 chapters of the new edition start with an introduction and progressively build foundational skills to naturally reach biomedical applications of deep learning.


id: electronic-workshops-in-computing-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Workshops_in_Computing-0.md
category: reference
title: Electronic Workshops in Computing
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Workshops_in_Computing
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:04.925873+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: electronic-workshops-in-computing-20260505-0
summary:
Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC) is a publication series by the British Computer Society. The series provides free online access for conferences and workshops in the area of computing. For example, the EVA London Conference proceedings on Electronic Visualisation and the Arts has appeared in the series since 2008, indexed by DBLP. Physical proceedings are also provided for conferences and workshops as well if required. The series is ISSN 1477-9358. A conference archive is freely available online from 1995. == See also == Lecture Notes in Computer Science == References == == External links == eWiC website


id: essentials-of-programming-languages-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentials_of_Programming_Languages-0.md
category: reference
title: Essentials of Programming Languages
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentials_of_Programming_Languages
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:06.154094+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: essentials-of-programming-languages-20260505-0
summary:
Essentials of Programming Languages (EOPL) is a textbook on programming languages by Daniel P. Friedman, Mitchell Wand, and Christopher T. Haynes. EOPL surveys the principles of programming languages from an operational perspective. It starts with an interpreter in Scheme for a simple functional core language similar to the lambda calculus and then systematically adds constructs. For each addition, for example, variable assignment or thread-like control, the book illustrates an increase in expressive power of the programming language and a demand for new constructs for the formulation of a direct interpreter. The book also demonstrates that systematic transformations, say, store-passing style or continuation-passing style, can eliminate certain constructs from the language in which the interpreter is formulated. The second part of the book is dedicated to a systematic translation of the interpreter(s) into register machines. The transformations show how to eliminate higher-order closures; continuation objects; recursive function calls; and more. At the end, the reader is left with an "interpreter" that uses nothing but tail-recursive function calls and assignment statements plus conditionals. It becomes trivial to translate this code into a C program or even an assembly program. As a bonus, the book shows how to pre-compute certain pieces of "meaning"


id: first-draft-of-a-report-on-the-edvac-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Draft_of_a_Report_on_the_EDVAC-0.md
category: reference
title: First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Draft_of_a_Report_on_the_EDVAC
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:07.303052+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: first-draft-of-a-report-on-the-edvac-20260505-0
summary:
The First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC (commonly shortened to First Draft) is an incomplete 101-page document written by John von Neumann and distributed on June 30, 1945 by Herman Goldstine, security officer on the classified ENIAC project. It contains the first published description of the logical design of a computer using the stored-program concept, which has come to be known as the von Neumann architecture; the name has become controversial due to von Neumann's failure to name other contributors, i.e. John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, the key engineers of the ENIAC. == History == Von Neumann wrote the report by hand while commuting by train to Los Alamos, New Mexico and mailed the handwritten notes back to Philadelphia. Goldstine had the report typed and duplicated. While the date on the typed report is June 30, 24 copies of the First Draft were distributed to persons closely connected with the EDVAC project five days earlier on June 25. Interest in the report caused it to be sent all over the world; Maurice Wilkes of Cambridge University cited his excitement over the report's content as the impetus for his decision to travel to the United States for the


id: first-draft-of-a-report-on-the-edvac-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Draft_of_a_Report_on_the_EDVAC-1.md
category: reference
title: First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Draft_of_a_Report_on_the_EDVAC
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:07.303052+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: first-draft-of-a-report-on-the-edvac-20260505-0
summary:
Von Neumann estimates the amount of memory required based on several classes of mathematical problems, including ordinary and partial differential equations, sorting and probability experiments. Of these, partial differential equations in two dimensions plus time will require the most memory, with three dimensions plus time being beyond what can be done using technology that was then available. He concludes that memory will be the largest subdivision of the system and he proposes 8,192 minor cycles (words) of 32-bits as a design goal, with 2,048 minor cycles still being useful. He estimates a few hundred minor cycles will suffice for storing the program. He proposes two kinds of fast memory, delay line and iconoscope tube. Each minor cycle is to be addressed as a unit (word addressing, Sec. 12.8). Instructions are to be executed sequentially, with a special instruction to switch to a different point in memory (i.e. a jump instruction). Binary digits in a delay line memory pass through the line and are fed back to the beginning. Accessing data in a delay line imposes a time penalty while waiting for the desired data to come around again. After analyzing these timing issues, he proposes organizing the delay line memory


id: the-hacker-ethic-and-the-spirit-of-the-information-age-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hacker_Ethic_and_the_Spirit_of_the_Information_Age-0.md
category: reference
title: The Hacker Ethic and the Spirit of the Information Age
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hacker_Ethic_and_the_Spirit_of_the_Information_Age
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:08.477419+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-hacker-ethic-and-the-spirit-of-the-information-age-20260505-0
summary:
The Hacker Ethic and the Spirit of the Information Age is a book released in 2001, and written by Pekka Himanen, with prologue written by Linus Torvalds and the epilogue written by Manuel Castells. Pekka Himanen is a philosopher. Manuel Castells is an internationally well-known sociologist. Linus Torvalds is the creator of the Linux kernel. The book has the ISBN 978-0-375-50566-9. == See also == Hacker ethic Linus's law The Art of Unix Programming == References == == External links == Book in Google books


id: hacker-s-delight-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker's_Delight-0.md
category: reference
title: Hacker's Delight
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker's_Delight
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:09.633335+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: hacker-s-delight-20260505-0
summary:
Hacker's Delight is a software algorithm book by Henry S. Warren, Jr. first published in 2002. It presents fast bit-level and low-level arithmetic algorithms for common tasks such as counting bits or improving speed of division by using multiplication. == Background == The author, an IBM researcher working on systems ranging from the IBM 704 to the PowerPC, collected what he called "programming tricks" over the course of his career. These tricks concern efficient low-level manipulation of bit strings and numbers. According to the book's foreword by Guy L. Steele, the target audience includes compiler writers and people writing high-performance code. == Summary == Programming examples are written in C and assembler for a RISC architecture similar, but not identical to PowerPC. Algorithms are given as formulas for any number of bits, the examples usually for 32 bits. Apart from the introduction, chapters are independent of each other, each focusing on a particular subject. Many algorithms in the book depend on two's complement integer numbers. The subject matter of the second edition of the book includes algorithms for Basic algorithms for manipulating individual bits, formulas for identities, inequalities, overflow detection for arithmetic operations and shifts Rounding up and down to


id: handbook-of-automated-reasoning-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handbook_of_Automated_Reasoning-0.md
category: reference
title: Handbook of Automated Reasoning
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handbook_of_Automated_Reasoning
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:10.776287+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: handbook-of-automated-reasoning-20260505-0
summary:
The Handbook of Automated Reasoning (ISBN 0444508139, 2128 pages) is a collection of survey articles on the field of automated reasoning. Published in June 2001 by MIT Press, it is edited by John Alan Robinson and Andrei Voronkov. Volume 1 describes methods for classical logic, first-order logic with equality and other theories, and induction. Volume 2 covers higher-order, non-classical and other kinds of logic. == Index == === Volume 1 === History Classical Logic Equality and Other Theories Induction === Volume 2 === Higher-Order Logic and Logical Frameworks Nonclassical Logics Decidable Classes and Model Building Implementation == References == == External links == MIT press page


id: homesteading-the-noosphere-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homesteading_the_Noosphere-0.md
category: reference
title: Homesteading the Noosphere
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homesteading_the_Noosphere
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:11.966634+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: homesteading-the-noosphere-20260505-0
summary:
"Homesteading the Noosphere" (abbreviated HtN) is an essay written by Eric S. Raymond about the social workings of open-source software development. It follows his previous piece "The Cathedral and the Bazaar" (1997). The essay examines issues of project ownership and transfer, as well as investigating possible anthropological roots of the gift culture in open source as contrasted with the exchange culture of closed source software. Raymond also investigates the nature of the spread of open source into the untamed frontier of ideas he terms the noosphere, postulating that projects that range too far ahead of their time fail because they are too far out in the wilderness, and that successful projects tend to relate to existing projects. Raymond delves into the contrast between the stated aims of open source and observed behaviors, and also explores the underlying motivations of people involved in the open-source movement. He notes that a key motivation for open-source practitioners is their membership of and reputation within each project's "tribe". In contrast, Microsoft's "embrace and extend" policy complexified and closed up Internet protocols with "protocol pollution." == Citations == "Homesteading the Noosphere" has been referenced in various papers, including: The impact of ideology on effectiveness in


id: how-data-happened-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_Data_Happened-0.md
category: reference
title: How Data Happened
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_Data_Happened
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:13.133895+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: how-data-happened-20260505-0
summary:
How Data Happened: A History from the Age of Reason to the Age of Algorithms is a 2023 non-fiction book written by Columbia University professors Chris Wiggins and Matthew L. Jones. The book explores the history of data and statistics from the end of the 18th century to the present day. == Content == The book starts at the end of the 18th century, when European states began tabulating physical resources, and ends at the present day, when algorithms manipulate our personal information as a commodity. It looks at the rise of data and statistics, and how early statistical methods were used to justify eugenics, quantify supposed racial differences, and develop military and industrial applications. The authors also discuss the impact of the internet and e-commerce on data collection, the rise of data science, and the consequences of government-run surveillance systems collecting vast amounts of personal data for customized, targeted advertising. They emphasize the importance of privacy and democracy and propose remedies to the problems caused by mass data collection, including stronger regulation of the tech industry and collective action by its employees. The book is a historical analysis that provides context for understanding the debates surrounding data and its


id: how-to-design-programs-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_to_Design_Programs-0.md
category: reference
title: How to Design Programs
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_to_Design_Programs
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:26.408657+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: how-to-design-programs-20260505-0
summary:
How to Design Programs (HtDP) is a textbook by Matthias Felleisen, Robert Bruce Findler, Matthew Flatt, and Shriram Krishnamurthi on the systematic design of computer programs. MIT Press published the first edition in 2001, and the second edition in 2018, which is freely available online and in print. The book introduces the concept of a design recipe, a six-step process for creating programs from a problem statement. While the book was originally used along with the education project TeachScheme! (renamed ProgramByDesign), it has been adopted at many colleges and universities for teaching program design principles. According to HtDP, the design process starts with a careful analysis of a problem statement with the goal of extracting a rigorous description of the kinds of data that the desired program consumes and produces. The structure of these data descriptions determines the organization of the program. Then, the book carefully introduces data forms of progressively growing complexity. It starts with data of atomic forms and then progresses to compound forms, including data that can be arbitrarily large. For each kind of data definition, the book explains how to organize the program in principle, thus enabling a programmer who encounters a new form of data


id: introduction-to-algorithms-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Algorithms-0.md
category: reference
title: Introduction to Algorithms
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Algorithms
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:28.633107+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: introduction-to-algorithms-20260505-0
summary:
Introduction to Algorithms is a book on computer programming by Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. The book is described by its publisher as "the leading algorithms text in universities worldwide as well as the standard reference for professionals". It is commonly cited as a reference for algorithms in published papers, with over 10,000 citations documented on CiteSeerX, and over 70,000 citations on Google Scholar as of 2024. The book sold half a million copies during its first 20 years, and surpassed a million copies sold in 2022. Its fame has led to the common use of the abbreviation "CLRS" (Cormen, Leiserson, Rivest, Stein), or, in the first edition, "CLR" (Cormen, Leiserson, Rivest). In the preface, the authors write about how the book was written to be comprehensive and useful in both teaching and professional environments. Each chapter focuses on an algorithm, and discusses its design techniques and areas of application. Instead of using a specific programming language, the algorithms are written in pseudocode. The descriptions focus on the aspects of the algorithm itself, its mathematical properties, and emphasize efficiency. == Editions == The first edition of the textbook did not include Stein as


id: introduction-to-the-theory-of-computation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_the_Theory_of_Computation-0.md
category: reference
title: Introduction to the Theory of Computation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_the_Theory_of_Computation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:29.764632+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: introduction-to-the-theory-of-computation-20260505-0
summary:
Introduction to the Theory of Computation (ISBN 0-534-95097-3) is a textbook in theoretical computer science, written by Michael Sipser and first published by PWS Publishing in 1997. The third edition appeared in July 2012. == See also == Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation by John Hopcroft and Jeffrey Ullman, an older textbook in the same field == References == == External links == Information on Introduction to the Theory of Computation (by Michael Sipser)


id: jewels-of-stringology-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewels_of_Stringology-0.md
category: reference
title: Jewels of Stringology
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewels_of_Stringology
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:30.918761+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: jewels-of-stringology-20260505-0
summary:
Jewels of Stringology: Text Algorithms is a book on algorithms for pattern matching in strings and related problems. It was written by Maxime Crochemore and Wojciech Rytter, and published by World Scientific in 2003. == Topics == The first topics of the book are two basic string-searching algorithms for finding exactly-matching substrings, the Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm and the Boyer–Moore string-search algorithm. It then describes the suffix tree, an index for quickly looking up matching substrings, and two algorithms for constructing it. Other topics in the book include the construction of deterministic finite automata for pattern recognition, the discovery of repeated patterns in strings, constant-space string matching algorithms, and the lossless compression of strings. Approximate string matching is covered in several variations including edit distance and the longest common subsequence problem. The book concludes with advanced topics including two-dimensional pattern matching, parallel algorithms for pattern matching, the shortest common superstring problem, parameterized pattern matching and duplicate code detection, and the Rabin–Karp algorithm. == Audience and reception == The book is written for an audience familiar with algorithm design and analysis, but not necessarily familiar with string algorithms. Reviewer Rolf Klein suggests that this target audience may be narrow, as he evaluates the


id: lecture-notes-in-computer-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecture_Notes_in_Computer_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Lecture Notes in Computer Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecture_Notes_in_Computer_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:32.045349+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: lecture-notes-in-computer-science-20260505-0
summary:
Lecture Notes in Computer Science is a series of computer science books published by Springer Science+Business Media since 1973. == Overview == The series contains proceedings, post-proceedings, monographs, and Festschrifts. In addition, tutorials, state-of-the-art surveys, and "hot topics" are increasingly being included. The series is indexed by DBLP. == See also == Monographiae Biologicae, another monograph series published by Springer Science+Business Media Lecture Notes in Physics Lecture Notes in Mathematics Electronic Workshops in Computing, published by the British Computer Society == References == == External links == Official website


id: the-magic-cauldron-essay-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magic_Cauldron_(essay)-0.md
category: reference
title: The Magic Cauldron (essay)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magic_Cauldron_(essay)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:33.231250+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-magic-cauldron-essay-20260505-0
summary:
"The Magic Cauldron" is an essay by Eric S. Raymond on the open-source economic model. It can be read freely online and was published in his 1999 book, The Cathedral and the Bazaar. == Contents == The essay analyzes the economic models that Raymond believes can sustain an open-source project in four steps: It first analyzes what the author sees as classical myths about the cost refund in software development and tries to present a game-theory based model of the supposed stability of open-source cooperation. Secondly, it presents nine theoretical models that would work for sustainable open-source development: two non-profit, seven for-profit. Thirdly it states a theory to decide when it is economically interesting for software to remain closed. Finally, it examines some mechanisms that, according to Raymond, the market invented to fund for-profit open-source development (like patronage system and task markets). == Publication == Raymond, Eric S. (2001). "The Magic Cauldron". The Cathedral and the Bazaar (Paperback ed.). O'Reilly. ISBN 978-0-596-00108-7. Raymond, Eric S. (6 November 1999). "The Magic Cauldron". Retrieved 21 March 2016. == See also == Revenge of the Hackers == References == == External links == Raymond, Eric S. "The Magic Cauldron". The Cathedral and the


id: the-master-algorithm-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Master_Algorithm-0.md
category: reference
title: The Master Algorithm
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Master_Algorithm
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:34.404564+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-master-algorithm-20260505-0
summary:
The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World is a book by Pedro Domingos released in 2015. Domingos wrote the book in order to generate interest from people outside the field. == Overview == The book outlines five approaches of machine learning: inductive reasoning, connectionism, evolutionary computation, Bayes' theorem and analogical modelling. The author explains these tribes to the reader by referring to more understandable processes of logic, connections made in the brain, natural selection, probability and similarity judgments. Throughout the book, it is suggested that each different tribe has the potential to contribute to a unifying "master algorithm". Towards the end of the book the author pictures a "master algorithm" in the near future, where machine learning algorithms asymptotically grow to a perfect understanding of how the world and people in it work. Although the algorithm doesn't yet exist, he briefly reviews his own invention of the Markov logic network. == In the media == In 2016 Bill Gates recommended the book, alongside Nick Bostrom's Superintelligence, as one of two books everyone should read to understand AI. In 2018 the book was noted to be on Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi


id: modern-operating-systems-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Operating_Systems-0.md
category: reference
title: Modern Operating Systems
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Operating_Systems
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:36.667982+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: modern-operating-systems-20260505-0
summary:
Modern Operating Systems is a book written by Andrew Tanenbaum, a version of his book Operating Systems: Design and Implementation which does not target implementation. It is now in its 5th edition, published October 2022 (ISBN 9780137618880), written together with Herbert Bos. Modern Operating Systems (mostly known as MOS) is a popular book across the globe and includes the fundamentals of an operating system with small amounts of code written in autonomous C language. MOS describes many scheduling algorithms.


id: open-source-lab-book-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-Source_Lab_(book)-0.md
category: reference
title: Open-Source Lab (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-Source_Lab_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:40.229421+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: open-source-lab-book-20260505-0
summary:
The Open-Source Lab: How to Build Your Own Hardware and Reduce Research Costs by Joshua M. Pearce was published in 2014 by Elsevier. The academic book is a guide, which details the development of free and open-source hardware primarily for scientists and university faculty. It provides step-by-step instructions on building laboratory hardware and scientific instruments. It also provides instructions on digital design sharing, Arduino microcontrollers, RepRap 3D Printers for scientific use and how to use open-source hardware licenses. The Guardian discusses how ideas in the Open-Source Lab could enable 3D printing to offer developing-world scientists savings on replica lab kits. The Open-Source Lab book has been covered extensively by the media. It was one of the top books chosen by Shareable for "New Books About Sharing, Cities and Happiness". The book itself is not open source and is sold under copyright by Elsevier. == Claims == The author claims the method enables researchers in every discipline to develop research tools at low costs following his previous research in open-source hardware published in Science. These claims have been generally supported by others using the techniques, such as those in the DIYbio community. While discussing the book in an interview with 3-D


id: operating-system-concepts-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_System_Concepts-0.md
category: reference
title: Operating System Concepts
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_System_Concepts
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:41.376469+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: operating-system-concepts-20260505-0
summary:
Operating System Concepts by Abraham Silberschatz and James Peterson is a classic textbook on operating systems. It is often called the "dinosaur book", as the first edition of the book had on the cover a number of dinosaurs labeled with various old operating systems. The bigger dinosaurs were labeled with the older big OSs. The ape-like creature was labeled UNIX. The idea was that like dinosaurs, operating systems evolve. == Publication history == The first edition of Operating System Concepts was released in 1982 and was published by Addison-Wesley, as was every edition of the textbook since release. The book has been published in updated editions since 1983. The third edition added the author Peter Galvin, and the sixth edition added the author Greg Gagne. As of 18 June 2025 the textbook was in its tenth edition. == References ==


id: the-pattern-on-the-stone-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pattern_on_the_Stone-0.md
category: reference
title: The Pattern on the Stone
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pattern_on_the_Stone
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:42.559402+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-pattern-on-the-stone-20260505-0
summary:
The Pattern on the Stone: The Simple Ideas that Make Computers Work is a book by W. Daniel Hillis, published in 1998 by Basic Books (ISBN 0-465-02595-1). The book attempts to explain concepts from computer science in layman's terms by metaphor and analogy. It aims to demystify computer science by demonstrating that complex processes can be broken down into simple, repeated patterns. The book emphasizes the underlying simplicity and elegance of computer science, encouraging readers to see the beauty in the patterns that power the technology that permeates our lives. == Summary == The book is composed of eight chapters, and two extra topics: Boolean algebra: The book starts with the fundamental building block of all digital computers: Boolean logic. It explains how simple switches ("on" or "off") can be combined using operators like AND, OR, and NOT to represent information and perform calculations. Think of it as the basic alphabet of computer language. Information theory: This section delves into the science of measuring, storing, and transmitting information. It covers concepts like data compression, which efficiently encodes information for storage or transmission, and error-correcting codes, which ensure information integrity despite glitches. Turing Machines: Turing machines are theoretical models of universal


id: perceptrons-book-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptrons_(book)-0.md
category: reference
title: Perceptrons (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptrons_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:43.745538+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: perceptrons-book-20260505-0
summary:
Perceptrons: An Introduction to Computational Geometry is a book written by Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert and published in 1969. An edition with handwritten corrections and additions was released in the early 1970s. An expanded edition was further published in 1988 (ISBN 9780262631112) after the revival of neural networks, containing a chapter dedicated to countering the criticisms made of it in the 1980s. The main subject of the book is the perceptron, a type of artificial neural network developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The book was dedicated to psychologist Frank Rosenblatt, who in 1957 had published the first model of a "Perceptron". Rosenblatt and Minsky knew each other since adolescence, having studied with a one-year difference at the Bronx High School of Science. They became at one point central figures of a debate inside the AI research community, and are known to have promoted loud discussions in conferences, yet remained friendly. This book is the center of a long-standing controversy in the study of artificial intelligence. It is claimed that pessimistic predictions made by the authors were responsible for a change in the direction of research in AI, concentrating efforts on so-called "symbolic" systems, a line of


id: perceptrons-book-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptrons_(book)-1.md
category: reference
title: Perceptrons (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptrons_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:43.745538+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: perceptrons-book-20260505-0
summary:
=== The XOR affair === Some critics of the book state that the authors imply that, since a single artificial neuron is incapable of implementing some functions such as the XOR logical function, larger networks also have similar limitations, and therefore should be dropped. Research on three-layered perceptrons showed how to implement such functions. Rosenblatt in his book proved that the "elementary perceptron" with an a priori unlimited number of hidden layer A-elements (neurons) and one output neuron can solve any classification problem. (Existence theorem.) Minsky and Papert used perceptrons with restricted numbers of inputs of the hidden layer A-elements and a locality condition: each element of the hidden layer receives the input signals from a small circle. These restricted perceptrons cannot define whether the image is a connected figure or is the number of pixels in the image even (the parity predicate). There are many mistakes in this story. Although a single neuron can in fact compute only a small number of logical predicates, it was widely known that networks of such elements can compute any possible Boolean function. This was known by Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts, who even proposed how to create a Turing machine with their


id: perceptrons-book-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptrons_(book)-2.md
category: reference
title: Perceptrons (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptrons_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:43.745538+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: perceptrons-book-20260505-0
summary:
=== Preliminary definitions === Let R {\textstyle R} be a finite set. A predicate on R {\textstyle R} is a boolean function that takes in a subset of R {\textstyle R} and outputs either 0 {\textstyle 0} or 1 {\textstyle 1} . In particular, a perceptron unit is a predicate. A predicate ψ {\textstyle \psi } has support S ⊂ R {\textstyle S\subset R} , iff any X ⊂ S {\textstyle X\subset S} , we have ψ ( X ) = ψ ( X ∩ S ) {\textstyle \psi (X)=\psi (X\cap S)} . In words, it means that if we know how ψ {\textstyle \psi } works on subsets of S {\textstyle S} , then we know how it works on subsets of all of R {\textstyle R} . A predicate can have many different supports. The support size of a predicate ψ {\textstyle \psi } is the minimal number of elements necessary in its support. For example, the constant-0 and constant-1 functions both are supported on the empty set, thus they both have support size 0. A perceptron (the kind studied by Minsky and Papert) over R {\textstyle R} is a function of form θ ( ∑ i a


id: prentice-hall-international-series-in-computer-science-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prentice_Hall_International_Series_in_Computer_Science-0.md
category: reference
title: Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prentice_Hall_International_Series_in_Computer_Science
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:44.902154+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: prentice-hall-international-series-in-computer-science-20260505-0
summary:
Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science was a series of books on computer science published by Prentice Hall. The series' founding editor was Tony Hoare. Richard Bird subsequently took over editing the series. Many of the books in the series have been in the area of formal methods in particular. == Selected books == The following books were published in the series: R. S. Bird, Introduction to Functional Programming using Haskell, 2nd edition, 1998. ISBN 0-13-484346-0. R. S. Bird and O. de Moor, Algebra of Programming, 1996. ISBN 0-13-507245-X. (100th volume in the series.) O.-J. Dahl, Verifiable Programming, 1992. ISBN 0-13-951062-1. D. M. Gabbay, Elementary Logics: A Procedural Perspective, 1998. ISBN 0-13-726365-1. I. J. Hayes (ed.), Specification Cases Studies, 2nd edition, 1993. ISBN 0-13-832544-8. M. G. Hinchey and J. P. Bowen (eds.), Applications of Formal Methods, 1996. ISBN 0-13-366949-1. C. A. R. Hoare, Communicating Sequential Processes, 1985. ISBN 0-13-153271-5 hardback or ISBN 0-13-153289-8 paperback. C. A. R. Hoare and M. J. C. Gordon, Mechanized Reasoning and Hardware Design, 1998. ISBN 0-13-572405-8. C. A. R. Hoare and He Jifeng, Unifying Theories of Programming, 1998. ISBN 0-13-458761-8. INMOS Limited, Occam 2 Reference Manual, 1988. ISBN 0-13-629312-3. Cliff Jones, Systematic Software Development


id: principles-of-compiler-design-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principles_of_Compiler_Design-0.md
category: reference
title: Principles of Compiler Design
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principles_of_Compiler_Design
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:46.081867+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: principles-of-compiler-design-20260505-0
summary:
Principles of Compiler Design, by Alfred Aho and Jeffrey Ullman, is a classic textbook on compilers for computer programming languages. Both of the authors won the 2020 Turing Award for their work on compilers. It is often called the "green dragon book" and its cover depicts a knight and a dragon in battle; the dragon is green, and labeled "Complexity of Compiler Design", while the knight wields a lance and a shield labeled "LALR parser generator" and "Syntax Directed Translation" respectively, and rides a horse labeled "Data Flow Analysis". The book may be called the "green dragon book" to distinguish it from its successor, Aho, Sethi and Ullman's Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools, which is the "red dragon book". The second edition of Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools added a fourth author, Monica S. Lam, and the dragon became purple; hence becoming the "purple dragon book". The book also contains the entire code for making a compiler. The back cover offers the original inspiration of the cover design: The dragon is replaced by windmills, and the knight is Don Quixote. The book was published in 1977 by Addison-Wesley, ISBN 0-201-00022-9. The acknowledgments mention that the book was entirely typeset at


id: programming-languages-application-and-interpretation-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_Languages:_Application_and_Interpretation-0.md
category: reference
title: Programming Languages: Application and Interpretation
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_Languages:_Application_and_Interpretation
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:47.249567+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: programming-languages-application-and-interpretation-20260505-0
summary:
Programming Languages: Application and Interpretation (PLAI) is a free programming language textbook by Shriram Krishnamurthi. It is in use at over 30 universities, in several high-schools. The book differs from most other programming language texts in its attempt to wed two different styles of programming language education: one based on language surveys and another based on interpreters. In the former style, it can be too easy to ignore difficult technical points, which are sometimes best understood by trying to reproduce them (via implementation); in the latter, it can be too easy to miss the high-level picture in the forest of details. PLAI therefore interleaves the two, using the survey approach to motivate ideas and interpreters to understand them. The book is accompanied by supporting software that runs in the Racket programming language. Since PLAI is constantly under development, some of the newer material (especially assignments) is found on course pages at Brown University. PLAI is also an experiment in publishing methods. The essay Books as Software discusses why the book is self-published. The current public release is version 3.2.2 (2023-02-26) is available as a free electronic edition for screen use or printing. == See also == List of online integrated


id: programming-the-universe-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_the_Universe-0.md
category: reference
title: Programming the Universe
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_the_Universe
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:48.395332+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: programming-the-universe-20260505-0
summary:
Programming the Universe: A Quantum Computer Scientist Takes On the Cosmos is a 2006 popular science book by Seth Lloyd, professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The book proposes that the Universe is a quantum computer (supercomputer), and advances in the understanding of physics may come from viewing entropy as a phenomenon of information, rather than simply thermodynamics. Lloyd also postulates that the Universe can be fully simulated using a quantum computer; however, in the absence of a theory of quantum gravity, such a simulation is not yet possible. "Particles not only collide, they compute." == Reaction == Reviewer Corey S. Powell of The New York Times writes: In the space of 221 dense, frequently thrilling and occasionally exasperating pages, ... tackles computer logic, thermodynamics, chaos theory, complexity, quantum mechanics, cosmology, consciousness, sex and the origin of life—throwing in, for good measure, a heartbreaking afterword that repaints the significance of all that has come before. The source of all this intellectual mayhem is the kind of Big Idea so prevalent in popular science books these days. Lloyd, a professor of mechanical engineering at M.I.T., takes as his topic the fundamental workings of the universe..., which he


id: quantum-computation-and-quantum-information-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_Computation_and_Quantum_Information-0.md
category: reference
title: Quantum Computation and Quantum Information
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_Computation_and_Quantum_Information
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:49.549139+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: quantum-computation-and-quantum-information-20260505-0
summary:
Quantum Computation and Quantum Information is a textbook about quantum information science written by Michael Nielsen and Isaac Chuang, regarded as a standard text on the subject. It is informally known as "Mike and Ike", after the candies of that name. The book assumes minimal prior experience with quantum mechanics and with computer science, aiming instead to be a self-contained introduction to the relevant features of both. (Lov Grover recalls a postdoc disparaging it with the remark, "The book is too elementary – it starts off with the assumption that the reader does not even know quantum mechanics.") The focus of the text is on theory, rather than the experimental implementations of quantum computers, which are discussed more briefly. As of December 2024, the book has been cited over 58,000 times on Google Scholar. In 2019, Nielsen adapted parts of the book for his Quantum Country project. == Table of Contents (Tenth Anniversary Edition) == Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview Chapter 2: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics Chapter 3: Introduction to Computer Science Chapter 4: Quantum Circuits Chapter 5: The Quantum Fourier Transform and its Applications Chapter 6: Quantum Search Algorithms Chapter 7: Quantum Computers: Physical Realization Chapter 8: Quantum Noise


id: the-rootkit-arsenal-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rootkit_Arsenal-0.md
category: reference
title: The Rootkit Arsenal
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rootkit_Arsenal
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:50.707588+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-rootkit-arsenal-20260505-0
summary:
The Rootkit Arsenal: Escape and Evasion in the Dark Corners of the System is a book written by Bill Blunden, published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers in May 2009. The book takes the reader in depth about rootkit technology and uses. It covers topics such as IA-32 assembly, the Windows system architecture, kernel debugging, advanced rootkit development, and much more concerning rootkit technology and how it can be applied onto e.g. white hat hacking. The book also provides many source code examples on rootkit development and how to properly use it. It is required and recommended to have a fair understanding of computer programming and operating systems in order to fully comprehend the contents of the book, as the back cover states it is an advanced book on its topic. == Content == The book is divided into four parts, and each of the 14 chapters goes into detail about specific technology and information required in advanced rootkit development and use. It also provides information about network and file system analyses, kernel objects, drivers, and much more related to rootkit technology. The reader can create a fully working rootkit by using the source codes in the appendix. The product description


id: structure-and-interpretation-of-computer-programs-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_and_Interpretation_of_Computer_Programs-0.md
category: reference
title: Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_and_Interpretation_of_Computer_Programs
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:51.931231+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: structure-and-interpretation-of-computer-programs-20260505-0
summary:
Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs (SICP) is a computer science textbook by Massachusetts Institute of Technology professors Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman with Julie Sussman. It is known as the "Wizard Book" in hacker culture. It teaches fundamental principles of computer programming, including recursion, abstraction, modularity, and programming language design and implementation. MIT Press published the first edition in 1984, and the second edition in 1996. It was used as the textbook for MIT's introductory course in computer science from 1984 to 2007. SICP focuses on discovering general patterns for solving specific problems, and building software systems that make use of those patterns. MIT Press published a JavaScript version of the book in 2022. == Content == The book describes computer science concepts using Scheme, a dialect of Lisp. It also uses a virtual register machine and assembler to implement Lisp interpreters and compilers. Topics in the books are: === Chapter 1: Building Abstractions with Procedures === The Elements of Programming Procedures and the Processes They Generate Formulating Abstractions with Higher-Order Procedures === Chapter 2: Building Abstractions with Data === Introduction to Data Abstraction Hierarchical Data and the Closure Property Symbolic Data Multiple Representations for Abstract Data Systems


id: the-turing-guide-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Guide-0.md
category: reference
title: The Turing Guide
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Guide
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:54.316392+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-turing-guide-20260505-0
summary:
The Turing Guide, written by Jack Copeland, Jonathan Bowen, Mark Sprevak, Robin Wilson, and others and published in 2017, is a book about the work and life of the British mathematician, philosopher, and early computer scientist, Alan Turing (1912–1954). == Overview == The book includes 42 contributed chapters by a variety of authors, including some contemporaries of Alan Turing. The book was published in January 2017 by Oxford University Press, in hardcover, paperback, and e-book formats. == Contents == The Turing Guide is divided into eight main parts, covering various aspects of Alan Turing's life and work: Biography: Biographical aspects of Alan Turing. The Universal Machine and Beyond: Turing's universal machine (now known as a Turing machine), developed while at King's College, Cambridge, which provides a theoretical framework for reasoning about computation, a starting point for the field of theoretical computer science. Codebreaker: Turing's work on codebreaking during World War II at Bletchley Park, especially the Bombe for decrypting the German Enigma machine. Computers after the War: Turing's post-War work on computing, at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and at the University of Manchester. He made contributions to both hardware design, through the ACE computer (later implemented as the Pilot


id: turtle-geometry-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle_Geometry-0.md
category: reference
title: Turtle Geometry
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle_Geometry
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:55.471772+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: turtle-geometry-20260505-0
summary:
Turtle Geometry is a college-level math text written by Hal Abelson and Andrea diSessa which aims to engage students in exploring mathematical properties visually via a simple programming language to maneuver the icon of a turtle trailing lines across a personal computer display. == See also == Turtle graphics Turtle Geometry at MIT Press


id: types-and-programming-languages-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_and_Programming_Languages-0.md
category: reference
title: Types and Programming Languages
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_and_Programming_Languages
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:56.608596+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: types-and-programming-languages-20260505-0
summary:
Types and Programming Languages, written by Benjamin C. Pierce who is a Professor of Computer and Information Science at the University of Pennsylvania is a computing book on type systems and programming languages. Types and Programming Languages was published in 2002 by MIT Press. Since its publication, the book has become one of the most widely cited and influential texts in the field of programming language theory. It is frequently used as a graduate-level textbook in computer science programs around the world and has shaped the way type systems are taught in academic curricula. A review by Frank Pfenning called it "probably the single most important book in the area of programming languages in recent years." == References == == External links == Official website


id: unifying-theories-of-programming-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unifying_Theories_of_Programming-0.md
category: reference
title: Unifying Theories of Programming
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unifying_Theories_of_Programming
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:57.775747+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: unifying-theories-of-programming-20260505-0
summary:
Unifying Theories of Programming (UTP) in computer science deals with program semantics. It shows how denotational semantics, operational semantics, and algebraic semantics can be combined in a unified framework for the formal specification, design, and implementation of programs and computer systems. The book of this title by C.A.R. Hoare and He Jifeng was published in the Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science in 1998 and has been made freely available on the web. A UTP Symposium series was started in 2006. == Theories == The semantic foundation of the UTP is the first-order predicate calculus, augmented with fixed-point constructs from second-order logic. Following the tradition of Eric Hehner, programs are predicates in the UTP, and there is no distinction between programs and specifications at the semantic level. In the words of Hoare: A computer program is identified with the strongest predicate describing every relevant observation that can be made of the behaviour of a computer executing that program. In UTP parlance, a theory is a model of a particular programming paradigm. A UTP theory is composed of three ingredients: an alphabet, which is a set of variable names denoting the attributes of the paradigm that can be observed by


id: the-visualization-handbook-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Visualization_Handbook-0.md
category: reference
title: The Visualization Handbook
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Visualization_Handbook
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:36:58.931450+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-visualization-handbook-20260505-0
summary:
The Visualization Handbook is a textbook by Charles D. Hansen and Christopher R. Johnson that serves as a survey of the field of scientific visualization by presenting the basic concepts and algorithms in addition to a current review of visualization research topics and tools. It is commonly used as a textbook for scientific visualization graduate courses. It is also commonly cited as a reference for scientific visualization and computer graphics in published papers, with almost 500 citations documented on Google Scholar. == Table of Contents == PART I - Introduction Overview of Visualization - William J. Schroeder and Kenneth M. Martin PART II - Scalar Field Visualization: Isosurfaces Accelerated Isosurface Extraction Approaches -Yarden Livnat Time-Dependent Isosurface Extraction - Han-Wei Shen Optimal Isosurface Extraction - Paolo Cignoni, Claudio Montani, Robert Scopigno, and Enrico Puppo Isosurface Extraction Using Extrema Graphs - Takayuki Itoh and Koji Koyamada Isosurfaces and Level-Sets - Ross Whitaker PART III - Scalar Field Visualization: Volume Rendering Overview of Volume Rendering - Arie E. Kaufman and Klaus Mueller Volume Rendering Using Splatting - Roger Crawfis, Daqing Xue, and Caixia Zhang Multidimensional Transfer Functions for Volume Rendering - Joe Kniss, Gordon Kindlmann, and Charles D. Hansen Pre-Integrated Volume Rendering -


id: ashrae-handbook-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASHRAE_Handbook-0.md
category: reference
title: ASHRAE Handbook
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASHRAE_Handbook
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:02.764903+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ashrae-handbook-20260505-0
summary:
The ASHRAE Handbook is the four-volume flagship publication of the nonprofit technical organization ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers). This Handbook is considered the most comprehensive and authoritative repository of practical knowledge on the various topics that form the field of heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R). The four volumes are Fundamentals, Refrigeration, HVAC Applications ("Applications"), and HVAC Systems and Equipment ("Systems and Equipment"). Members of ASHRAE receive the current volume, in both print and CD-ROM form, each year as a basic membership benefit. An enhanced electronic version, known as ASHRAE Handbook Online is a web-based version updated annually that contains the four latest volumes as well as extra content such as calculations, demonstration videos, and spreadsheets. The various versions of the Handbook are typically available to the public via technical, and other, libraries and bookstores. == History == The ASHRAE Handbook has had a variety of titles. It began in 1922 as the ASH&VE Guide. In 1973 it became the ASHRAE Handbook, and in 1985 separate publication of inch-pound (I-P) and international system (SI) units versions of the volumes began. The current publisher of record is W. Stephen Comstock, and the Editor is Mark S. Owen.


id: backyard-ballistics-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backyard_Ballistics-0.md
category: reference
title: Backyard Ballistics
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backyard_Ballistics
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:03.995676+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: backyard-ballistics-20260505-0
summary:
Backyard Ballistics is a how-to book by William Gurstelle that was published in 2001. It is full of experiments that can be done relatively inexpensively and can be easily executed. It also includes the history and mechanical principles of some of the inventions and projects. From catapults to rockets, this book describes accessible ways to create these at home or in the classroom. In addition to recreational use by individuals, teacher's guides have been developed and science fair projects designed around this book. It has been cited in several educational and scientific journals. == References == == External links == Author William Gurstelle's website Backyard Ballistics Teacher's Guide Backyard Ballistics website William Gurstelle presentation on the Art of Living Dangerously


id: the-department-of-mad-scientists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Department_of_Mad_Scientists-0.md
category: reference
title: The Department of Mad Scientists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Department_of_Mad_Scientists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:06.328706+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-department-of-mad-scientists-20260505-0
summary:
The Department of Mad Scientists: How DARPA is Remaking Our World, from the Internet to Artificial Limbs, is a book by Michael Belfiore about the history and origins of DARPA. Belfiore describes DARPA's creation as the agency ARPA in Department of Defense and some of its notable contributions to artificial limbs, the Internet, space exploration and robotic automobiles. == Reception == In his review of the book, Tom Simonite says "Belfiore does a good job of exploring the sunny side of the moon that is DARPA", but also notes that the author had no access to DARPA's classified research, which constitutes approximately half of all work. Robin Tatu also observes Belfiore's limited access, but calls the book a "an engaging inquiry into the workings of the agency, its past contributions, and its concerns for future technology." David Pitt describes the book as "a capsule history" that, "for some readers [..] serves as a tantalizing introduction to subject that bears deeper exploration." == Notes == == References == == External links == Official website After Words interview with Belfiore on The Department of Mad Scientists, August 21, 2010


id: diagrams-and-explanations-of-the-wonderful-machines-of-the-far-west-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagrams_and_Explanations_of_the_Wonderful_Machines_of_the_Far_West-0.md
category: reference
title: Diagrams and Explanations of the Wonderful Machines of the Far West
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagrams_and_Explanations_of_the_Wonderful_Machines_of_the_Far_West
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:07.495193+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: diagrams-and-explanations-of-the-wonderful-machines-of-the-far-west-20260505-0
summary:
Diagrams and Explanations of the Wonderful Machines of the Far West (Chinese: Yuǎn xī qí qì túshuō lù zuì, 遠西奇器圖說錄最, often abridged as Qí qì túshuō, 奇器圖說) was an encyclopedia of Western mechanical devices translated into Chinese by the Jesuit Johann Schreck (1576-1630), and the Chinese scholar Wang Zheng (王徵 1571–1644). This book was the first to present Western mechanical knowledge to a Chinese audience. The book was published in 1627. Particularly, the works of the Italian engineers Agostino Ramelli or Vittorio Zonca were reproduced in this translation, as well as those of the French engineer Jacques Besson. Plates depicting European machine were reproduced quite precisely, although in a Chinese pictorial style. == See also == Jesuit China missions == References == === Citations === === Sources === Zhang Baichun, 'An Inquiry into the History of the Chinese Terms Jiqi (Machines) and Jixie (Machinery)', in Michael Lackner et al., New Terms for New Ideas: Western Knowledge and Lexical Change in Late Imperial China BRILL, 2001 ISBN 90-04-12046-7 Brian Scott Baigrie Picturing Knowledge: Historical and Philosophical Problems Concerning the Use of Art in Science University of Toronto Press, 1996 ISBN 0-8020-7439-1 Joseph Needham, Ling Wang, Gwei-Djen Lu Science and civilisation in


id: engineering-and-the-mind-s-eye-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_and_the_Mind's_Eye-0.md
category: reference
title: Engineering and the Mind's Eye
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_and_the_Mind's_Eye
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:08.666143+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: engineering-and-the-mind-s-eye-20260505-0
summary:
Engineering and the Mind's Eye (1992) is a book by Eugene S. Ferguson, an engineer and historian of science and technology. It was published by MIT Press. In it, Ferguson discusses the importance of the mind's eye for the practicing engineer, including spatial visualization and visual thinking. == Preface == A major argument of the book is summarized as follows in the preface: Since World War II, the dominant trend in engineering has been away from knowledge that cannot be expressed as mathematical relationships. The art of engineering has been pushed aside in favor of the "engineering sciences," which are higher in status and easier to teach. The underlying argument of this book is that an engineering education that ignores its rich heritage of nonverbal learning will produce graduates who are dangerously ignorant of the myriad subtle ways in which the real world differs from the mathematical world their professors teach them. == Chapters == The book comprises 7 chapters and two additional sections on notes about the text and its figures. The chapters are: The Nature of Engineering Design The Mind's Eye Origins of Modern Engineering The Tools of Visualization The Development and Dissemination of Engineering Knowledge The Making


id: engineering-legends-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_Legends-0.md
category: reference
title: Engineering Legends
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_Legends
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:09.820952+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: engineering-legends-20260505-0
summary:
Engineering Legends: Great American Civil Engineers is a 2005 book by engineer Richard Weingardt. The book features a list of 32 engineering legends from the 1700s to the present, including Fazlur Khan, Hal Iyengar, Tung-Yen Lin, Benjamin Wright, and Fred Severud. Weingardt describes how the ingenuity of these engineers, many of whom were immigrants to the United States, revolutionized the world, and how people take so many things for granted which were made possible because of the genius of these engineers. The book discusses the fact that while the engineering achievements are regularly recognized, the engineers themselves are rarely discussed. These engineers should become common household names. The book explores the personal lives and professional accomplishments of its subjects, providing an in-depth look at the people behind these achievements. The book also illustrates the diversity surrounding these engineers, such as their differing backgrounds, their reasons for becoming engineers, the obstacles they faced, and their work in different disciplines of civil engineering. In the foreword, Henry Petroski describes the book as a work that "cannot help but inspire engineers, future engineers, and all who benefit (and will continue to benefit) from their work". == Listed engineers == === Empire Makers ===


id: how-to-make-a-spaceship-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_to_Make_a_Spaceship-0.md
category: reference
title: How to Make a Spaceship
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_to_Make_a_Spaceship
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:10.973468+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: how-to-make-a-spaceship-20260505-0
summary:
How to Make a Spaceship: A Band of Renegades, an Epic Race, and the Birth of Private Spaceflight is a 2016 non-fiction book by journalist Julian Guthrie about the origins of the X Prize Foundation and Peter Diamandis, the first X Prize, the Ansari X Prize and Anousheh Ansari, the entrants into that suborbital spaceflight competition, and the winning team, Mojave Aerospace Ventures of Vulcan Inc., Paul G. Allen, Scaled Composites, Burt Rutan, and their platform of Tier One of SpaceShipOne and WhiteKnightOne. == Synopsis == The book is an overview of what led to the creation of the X Prize, and the running of that first X Prize. Profiles of the major players in the X Prize initiative are included in the book. It chronologically starts with the influences that weighed upon Peter Diamandis, and his progression into the space industry. It also covers the process to get funding, rejections, and the arrival of the Ansaris, becoming title sponsors. The book surveys several of the teams that entered into the competition to win the Ansari X Prize. The team that is focused on most is that which won the X Prize in 2004, the one headed by Paul Allen


id: theodore-von-k-rm-n-bibliography-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_Kármán_bibliography-0.md
category: reference
title: Theodore von Kármán bibliography
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_Kármán_bibliography
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:12.241122+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: theodore-von-k-rm-n-bibliography-20260505-0
summary:
This is a bibliography of works by Theodore von Kármán. == Books == Kármán, Th. von; Burgers, J. M. (1924). General Aerodynamic Theory, 2 vols. Julius Springer. Kármán, Th. von; Biot, M. A. (1940). Mathematical Methods in Engineering; An introduction to the Mathematical Treatment of Engineering Problems. McGraw-Hill. p. 505. ASIN B0006AOTLK. Kármán, Th. von; Biot, M. A. (2004) [Cornell University Press, 1954]. Aerodynamics: Selected Topics in the Light of Their Historical Development. Dover Books on Aeronautical Engineering. Dover Publications. p. 224. ISBN 978-0486434858. Kármán, Th. von (1956). Collected Works of Dr. T. von Kármán (1902 - 1951), 4 vols. Vol. v. 1. 1902-1913, v. 2. 1914-1932, v. 3. 1933-1939, v. 4. 1940-1951. London: Butterworths Scientific Publications. Kármán, Th. von (1961). From Low-Speed Aerodynamics to Astronautics. Pergamon Press. ASIN B000H4OVPO. Kármán, Th. von; Edson, L. (1967). The Wind and Beyond — T. von Kármán Pioneer in Aviation and Pathfinder in Space. Little Brown. p. 376. ISBN 978-0316907538. == Papers == === 1900s === Kármán, Th. von (1902). "The motion of a heavy rod supported on its rounded end by a horizontal plate". Journal of Mathematics and Physics, Mathematical Society, Budapest, Hungary (in Hungarian). 9. Kármán, Th. von (1906). "A kihajlás


id: theodore-von-k-rm-n-bibliography-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_Kármán_bibliography-1.md
category: reference
title: Theodore von Kármán bibliography
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_Kármán_bibliography
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:12.241122+00:00
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parent: theodore-von-k-rm-n-bibliography-20260505-0
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=== 1910s === Kármán, Th. von (1910). "Mitől függ az anyag igénybevétele?" [What determines the stress-strain behavior of matter?] (PDF). Magyar Mérnök és Építész Egylet Közlönye [Journal of the Society of Hungarian Engineers and Architects] (in Hungarian). 44 (10): 212–226. Retrieved 27 June 2014. Kármán, Th. von (1910). "Untersuchungen über die Bedingungen des Bruches und der plastischen Deformation, insbesondere bei quasi-isotropen Körpern" [Studies on the conditions of the fracture and plastic deformation, particularly in quasi-isotropic bodies]. Habilitationschrift, Göttingen (in German). Kármán, Th. von (1910). Untersuchungen über Knickfestigkeit [Studies on buckling strength] (in German). Vol. 81. pp. 1–45. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-01994-8. hdl:2027/iau.31858059335400. ISBN 978-3-662-01994-8. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help); |journal= ignored (help) Kármán, Th. von (1910). "Festigkeitsprobleme im Maschinenbau" [Strength problems in engineering]. Encyklopädie der Mathematischen Wissenschaften (in German). 4. Kármán, Th. von (1911). "Festigkeitsversuche unter allseitigem Druck" [Strength tests under pressure from all sides]. Zeitschrift des Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure (in German). 55. Kármán, Th. von (1911). "Über die Formänderung dünnwandiger Röhre, insbesondere federnder Ausgleichröhre" [Strength tests under pressure from all sides]. Zeitschrift des Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure (in German). 55. Kármán, Th. von (1911). "(Bemerkung zu der Arbeit von Frau Margrete Bose und Herrn E. Bose) Über die Turbulenzreibung verschiedener Flüssigkeiten"


id: theodore-von-k-rm-n-bibliography-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_Kármán_bibliography-2.md
category: reference
title: Theodore von Kármán bibliography
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_Kármán_bibliography
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:12.241122+00:00
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parent: theodore-von-k-rm-n-bibliography-20260505-0
summary:
=== 1920s === Kármán, Th. von (1921). "Die Bedeutung der Mechanik für das Studium der technischen Physiker" [The importance of the mechanics for the study of technical physicist]. Zeitschrift für Technische Physik (in German). 2. Kármán, Th. von (1921). "Über laminare und turbulente Reibung" [About laminar and turbulent friction]. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik (in German). 1 (4): 233–252. Bibcode:1921ZaMM....1..233K. doi:10.1002/zamm.19210010401. ISSN 1521-4001. Kármán, Th. von (1921). "Mechanische Modelle zum Segelflug" [Mechanical models for gliding]. Zeitschrift für Flugtechnik und Motorluftschiffahrt (in German). 12. Kármán, Th. von (1921). "Theoretische Bemerkungen zur Frage des Schraubenfliegers" [Theoretical remarks on the question of powered aviation]. Zeitschrift für Flugtechnik und Motorluftschiffahrt (in German). 12. Kármán, Th. von (1921). "Bemerkung zu der Frage der Strömungsform um Widerstandskörper bei grossen Reynoldsschen Kennzahlen" [Remark on the issue of flow resistance to form body at large Reynolds numbers]. Lectures from the Field of Hydro- and Aerodynamics, Innsbruck; Berlin (in German). Kármán, Th. von (1 February 1922). "Über den motorlosen Flug" [About motorless flight]. Die Naturwissenschaften (in German). 10 (6): 121–133. Bibcode:1922NW.....10..121V. doi:10.1007/BF01488103. ISSN 1432-1904. S2CID 41610344. Lilienthal, G; Kármán, Th. von (1 April 1922). "von Kármáns Erklärungen des Segelflugs" [von Kármán's explanations of gliding]. Die Naturwissenschaften (in German).


id: theodore-von-k-rm-n-bibliography-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_Kármán_bibliography-3.md
category: reference
title: Theodore von Kármán bibliography
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_Kármán_bibliography
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parent: theodore-von-k-rm-n-bibliography-20260505-0
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=== 1930s === Kármán, Th. von; Wattendorf, F. L. (1930). "Mathematik und technische Wissenschaften" [Mathematics and Engineering Sciences]. Die Naturwissenschaften (in German). 18 (1): 12–16. Bibcode:1930NW.....18...12V. doi:10.1007/BF01500951. S2CID 9793761. Kármán, Th. von (1930). "Mechanische Ähnlichkeit und Turbulenz" [Mechanical similarity and turbulence]. Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse (in German). Kármán, Th. von (1930). "Mechanische Ähnlichkeit und Turbulenz" [Mechanical similarity and turbulence]. Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Applied Mechanics (in German). Kármán, Th. von; Huber, K. (1930). "Zuschriften an den Herausgeber" [Letters to the Editor]. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik (in German). 10 (2): 206–208. Bibcode:1930ZaMM...10..206S. doi:10.1002/zamm.19300100222. ISSN 1521-4001. Kármán, Th. von (1931). "Die Seitenwege der Luftfahrt" [The byways of aviation]. Zeitschrift für Flugtechnik und Motorluftschiffahrt (in German). 22. Kármán, Th. von; Moore, N. (1932). "The resistance of slender bodies moving with supersonic velocities". Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 54: 303–310. doi:10.1115/1.4021846. ISSN 0097-6822. S2CID 258196905. Kármán, Th. von; Moore, N. (1932). "Theorie des Reibungswiderstandes". Hydromechanische Probleme des Schiffsantriebs [Theory of the frictional resistance] (in German). pp. 50–73. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-47554-2_2. ISBN 978-3-642-47206-0. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help); |journal= ignored (help) Kármán, Th. von (1932). "Quelques problèmes actuels de l'aérodynamique" [Some


id: theodore-von-k-rm-n-bibliography-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_Kármán_bibliography-4.md
category: reference
title: Theodore von Kármán bibliography
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_Kármán_bibliography
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:12.241122+00:00
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parent: theodore-von-k-rm-n-bibliography-20260505-0
summary:
=== 1940s === Kármán, Th. von (1940). "Some remarks on mathematics from the engineer's viewpoint". Mechanical Engineering. Kármán, Th. von; Dunn, L.; Tsien, H. S. (1940). "The influence of curvature on the buckling characteristics of structures". Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences. 7 (7): 276–289. doi:10.2514/8.1123. ISSN 1533-385X. OCLC 809393. Kármán, Th. von (1940). "The engineer grapples with nonlinear problems" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 46 (8): 615–683. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1940-07266-0. ISSN 1088-9485. Kármán, Th. von; Malina, F. (1940). "Characteristics of the ideal solid propellant rocket motor". Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Report. 1–4 (2). Kármán, Th. von (21 November 1940). "Aerodynamic stability of suspension bridges". Engineering News-Record: 40. ISSN 0013-807X. Kármán, Th. von; Tsien, H. S. (1941). "The buckling of thin cylindrical shells under axial compressions". Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences. 8 (8): 303–312. doi:10.2514/8.10722. ISSN 1533-385X. OCLC 809393. Kármán, Th. von; Tsien, H. S. (July 1941). "Compressibility effects in aerodynamics". Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences. 8 (9): 337–356. doi:10.2514/8.10737. ISSN 1533-385X. OCLC 809393. Kármán, Th. von (1941). "Problems of flow in compressible fluids". University of Pennsylvania Bicentennial Conference. Kármán, Th. von (1942). "Isaac Newton and aerodynamics". Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences. 9 (14): 521–522. doi:10.2514/8.10958. ISSN 1533-385X.


id: theodore-von-k-rm-n-bibliography-20260505-5
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_Kármán_bibliography-5.md
category: reference
title: Theodore von Kármán bibliography
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_Kármán_bibliography
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:12.241122+00:00
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parent: theodore-von-k-rm-n-bibliography-20260505-0
summary:
=== 1950s === Kármán, Th. von; Duwez, P. (1950). "The propagation of plastic deformation in solids" (PDF). Journal of Applied Physics. 21 (10): 987. Bibcode:1950JAP....21..987V. doi:10.1063/1.1699544. Kármán, Th. von; Fabri, J. (1950). "Ecoulement transsonique à deux dimensions le long d'une paroi ondulée" [Transonic flow in two dimensions along a corrugated wall]. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences (in French). 231. Kármán, Th. von (1950). "Considérations aérodynamiques sur la formation des ondulations du sable" [Aerodynamic considerations on the formation of sand ripples]. Colloques Internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, XXXV, Actions éoliennes. Phénomènes d'Évaporation et d'Hydrologie Superficielle dans les Régions Arides (in French): 103–108. Kármán, Th. von; Lin, C. C. (1951). "On the statistical theory of isotropic turbulence". Advances in Applied Mechanics. 2: 516–519. Kármán, Th. von (1951). "19". Introductory remarks on turbulence. p. 129. Bibcode:1951pca..conf..129V. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Kármán, Th. von (1951). "The theory of shock waves and the second law of thermodynamics". L'Aerotecnica. 31. Kármán, Th. von; Farquharson, F. B.; Dunn, L. G. (1952). "Aerodynamic stability of suspension bridges, Part IV. The investigation of models of the original Tacoma Narrows Bridge under the action of the wind, Part III". Bulletin of the


id: theodore-von-k-rm-n-bibliography-20260505-6
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_Kármán_bibliography-6.md
category: reference
title: Theodore von Kármán bibliography
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_von_Kármán_bibliography
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parent: theodore-von-k-rm-n-bibliography-20260505-0
summary:
=== 1960s === Kármán, Th. von (1961). "How to improve scientific cooperation in NATO". NATO Journal. 1. Kármán, Th. von (1961). "Space-age education". Astronautics. 6. Kármán, Th. von (1961). "Engineering education in our age". Journal of Engineering Education. 52. Kármán, Th. von; Lin, C. C. (1961). "On the existence of an exact solution of the equations of Navier-Stokes". Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics. 14. Kármán, Th. von (1962). "Introductory remarks on space propulsion problems". Advances in Astronautical Propulsion (Proceedings of a Seminar Held in Milan by Instituto Lombardo Accademia di Scienze e Lettere in Collaboration with AGARD, 1960). Kármán, Th. von (1962). "The developing role of nuclear energy in aerospace technology". IRE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 9 (1): 49–51. Bibcode:1962IRTNS...9...49V. doi:10.1109/TNS2.1962.4315889. S2CID 51639305. Kármán, Th. von (1962). Diax, J. B.; Pai, S. I. (eds.). "Non-linear buckling of thin shells". Fluid Dynamics and Applied Mathematics. ASIN B00K2Y0GSA. Kármán, Th. von; Kerr, A. D. (1965). Abir, D.; Ollendorff, F.; Reiner, M. (eds.). "Instability of spherical shells subjected to external pressure". Topics in Applied Mechanics (Schwerin Memorial Volume). ASIN B0093DD5Z2. == Patents == GB patent 137332, Th. von Kármán & W. Zurovec, "Improvements in captive flying machines of the helicopter type", published


id: kempe-s-engineers-year-book-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempe's_Engineers_Year-Book-0.md
category: reference
title: Kempe's Engineers Year-Book
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempe's_Engineers_Year-Book
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:13.384266+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: kempe-s-engineers-year-book-20260505-0
summary:
Kempe's Engineers Year Book was for many years a standard reference work of practical engineering information in the United Kingdom, covering a wide range of subjects. == History == First published in 1894 by H. R. Kempe with W. Hannaford-Smith and then published annually, except during World War II, until 2002, the book was a standard source of reference for civil, mechanical, electrical, marine, mining, and other engineers. == See also == Machinery's Handbook == References == == External links == Kempe's Engineers Year Book, 1949, Vol. 1, Archive.org Kempe's Engineers Year Book, 1949, Vol. 2, Archive.org Kempe's Engineers Year Book, 1969, Vol. 2, Archive.org Kempe's Engineers Year Book, 1989, Vol. 1, Archive.org Kempe's Engineers Year Book, 1985, Archive.org


id: roman-building-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Building-0.md
category: reference
title: Roman Building
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Building
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:16.869160+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: roman-building-20260505-0
summary:
Roman Building: Materials and Techniques (French: La Construction Romaine: matériaux et techniques) is a treatise on Roman construction by French architect and archaeologist Jean-Pierre Adam, first published in 1984. A second edition was published in 1989, and an English translation by Anthony Mathews was published in 1994. The book comprehensively studies architecture across the Roman empire throughout its history, focusing on technique rather than design. == Contents == The book has 11 chapters: Surveying Materials Construction using Large Stone Blocks Structures of Mixed Construction Masonry Construction Arches and Vaults Carpentry Wall Covering Floors Civil Engineering Domestic and Commercial Architecture == Reception == When the translation was released, several reviewers of Roman Building such as classicist Nigel Spivey commended it for its thorough, accurate coverage. These English-speaking academics noted its ambitious scope beyond almost all previous scholarly works: it treated all areas of construction technique throughout ancient Rome's history across all of Roman territory. While classicist Roger Ulrich was among them, he noticed that the French author emphasized Italy, Gaul and North Africa in his choice of examples, and within Italy the well-preserved cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. He also faulted the treatise's sometimes inaccurate handling of Latin technical terminology. ==


id: what-engineers-know-and-how-they-know-it-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Engineers_Know_and_How_They_Know_It-0.md
category: reference
title: What Engineers Know and How They Know It
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Engineers_Know_and_How_They_Know_It
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:18.027908+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: what-engineers-know-and-how-they-know-it-20260505-0
summary:
What Engineers Know and How they Know It: Analytical Studies from Aeronautical History (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990) is a historical reflection on engineering practice in US aeronautics from 1908 to 1953 written by Walter Vincenti (1917–2019) an accomplished practitioner and instructor. This period represents the dawn of aviation which was fraught with uncertainties and numerous paths to many possible worlds. The book captures two main conclusions from this period. The first order conclusion of this book is about "what engineers know." Five case studies from the history of aeronautical engineering are used to argue engineering often demands its own scientific discoveries. Thus, engineering should be understood as a knowledge-generating activity that includes applied science but is not limited to applied science. The second order conclusion of this book pertains to "how engineers know" by using the same case studies to reveal patterns in the nature of all engineering. These patterns form an “epistemology” of engineering that may point the way to an “engineering method” as something distinct from scientific method. Walter Vincenti ends the work with a general "variation-selection model" for understanding the direction of technological innovation in human history. The book is filled with numerous additional observations


id: what-engineers-know-and-how-they-know-it-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Engineers_Know_and_How_They_Know_It-1.md
category: reference
title: What Engineers Know and How They Know It
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Engineers_Know_and_How_They_Know_It
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:18.027908+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: what-engineers-know-and-how-they-know-it-20260505-0
summary:
== An Epistemology of Engineering (How Engineers Know) == Throughout the book, Walter Vincenti makes epistemology observations pertaining to engineering. The following are six of several observations made throughout the book. These observations do not constitute an "engineering method" per se but offer a conjecture that they may point the way for further research. He wrote, "in the final paragraph of chapter 5, I also raised the question of whether it might be profitable to look for "engineering method" analogous to but distinguishable from scientific method that has been a fruitful concern for the history of science. Could it be that the variation-selection process outlined here is that method, with its distinctive features lying in the criterion of selection and the vicarious methods used to shortcut direct trial?" === Seven Interactive Elements of Engineering Learning === First, there is a pattern to the iterative engineering discovery process seen in the development of flying-quality specifications. This process is referred to as "Seven Interactive Elements of Engineering Learning" and includes: Familiarization with vehicle and recognition of problem. Identification of basic variables and derivation of analytical concepts and criteria. Development of instruments/piloting techniques for in-flight measurements. Growth and refinement of pilot opinion regarding


id: what-engineers-know-and-how-they-know-it-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Engineers_Know_and_How_They_Know_It-2.md
category: reference
title: What Engineers Know and How They Know It
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Engineers_Know_and_How_They_Know_It
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:18.027908+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: what-engineers-know-and-how-they-know-it-20260505-0
summary:
==== Uncertainty In the Variation-Selection Process (blindness in variation and unsureness in selection) ==== In the long term, “the entire variation-selection process—variation and selection together—is filled with uncertainty.” The level of uncertainty is affected by two things. First, “uncertainty comes from the degree of blindness in the variations.” Uncertainty in the whole process decreases as technology matures—he notes that aircraft designers of today operate with more “sure-footedness” than the French of the early 1900s or even his era working at NACA. Yet, there is a paradox in decreasing blindness. While blindness decreases over time, advances simultaneously become more difficult to come by and more sophisticated... which in turn increases blindness! Thus the temptation to see a net decrease in blindesss “stems from an illusion.” The variation-selection process can create as much blindness as it reduces; just ask “talented engineers who struggle to advance a mature technology like present-day aeronautics…” The second factor on uncertainty in the whole variation-selection model is “unsureness” in the process of selection. Both vicarious and overt trials suffer from unsureness which adds complication to the variation selection model. But unlike blindness in variation, unsureness in selection decreases with the precision in both kinds of trials. Blindness


id: list-of-environmental-books-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_environmental_books-0.md
category: reference
title: List of environmental books
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_environmental_books
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:19.728194+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-environmental-books-20260505-0
summary:
Humans have been writing about the environment for centuries, and the environment has figured prominently as a theme in both Western and Eastern philosophies. Books about or featuring the environment as a prominent theme have proliferated especially since the middle of the twentieth century. The rise of environmental science, which has encouraged interdisciplinary approaches to studying the environment, and the environmental movement, which has increased public and political awareness of humanity's impact on the environment, have been highly influential. The 1962 publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring has been regarded as particularly important in popularizing environmental science and helping to launch the modern environmental movement. The emergence of the environmental humanities, including fields like environmental history, has also been important in bridging divides between the sciences and humanities and encouraging further interdisciplinary approaches. The environment also features prominently in much fictional literature. This page is a list of environmental books. In this context they are notable books that feature the environment as a major theme, including human impacts on the environment. == Non-fiction environmental books == Non-fiction accounts are ones that are presented as factual, although often in the context of subjective argument. Non-fiction environmental books may, for example, be


id: list-of-australian-environmental-books-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Australian_environmental_books-0.md
category: reference
title: List of Australian environmental books
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Australian_environmental_books
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:20.901271+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: list-of-australian-environmental-books-20260505-0
summary:
This is a list of Australian environmental books: Global Spin: The Corporate Assault on Environmentalism (1997), by Sharon Beder Human Ecology, Human Economy: Ideas for an Ecologically Sustainable Future (1997), edited by Mark Diesendorf and Clive Hamilton Running from the Storm: The Development of Climate Change Policy in Australia (2001), by Clive Hamilton A Big Fix: Radical Solutions for Australia's Environmental Crisis (2005), by Ian Lowe Living in the Hothouse: How Global Warming Affects Australia (2005), by Ian Lowe The Weather Makers (2005), by Tim Flannery Environmental Principles and Policies (2006), by Sharon Beder Chasing Kangaroos (2007), by Tim Flannery Greenhouse Solutions with Sustainable Energy (2007), by Mark Diesendorf High and Dry: John Howard, Climate Change and the Selling of Australia's Future (2007), by Guy Pearse Maralinga: Australia’s Nuclear Waste Cover-up (2007), by Alan Parkinson Reaction Time: Climate Change and the Nuclear Option (2007), by Ian Lowe Scorcher: The Dirty Politics of Climate Change (2007), by Clive Hamilton Climate Code Red: The Case for Emergency Action (2008), by David Spratt and Philip Sutton Now or Never: A Sustainable Future for Australia? (2008), by Tim Flannery Quarry Vision: Coal, Climate Change and the End of the Resources Boom (2009), by Guy


id: 1491-new-revelations-of-the-americas-before-columbus-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1491:_New_Revelations_of_the_Americas_Before_Columbus-0.md
category: reference
title: 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1491:_New_Revelations_of_the_Americas_Before_Columbus
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:22.072580+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: 1491-new-revelations-of-the-americas-before-columbus-20260505-0
summary:
1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus is a 2005 non-fiction book by American author and science writer Charles C. Mann about the pre-Columbian Americas. It was the 2006 winner of the National Academies Communication Award for best creative work that helps the public's understanding of topics in science, engineering or medicine. The book presents recent research findings from different fields which suggest human populations in the Western Hemisphere—that is, the Indigenous peoples of the Americas—were more numerous, had arrived earlier, were more sophisticated culturally, and controlled and shaped the natural landscape to a greater extent than scholars had previously thought. The author notes that, according to these findings, two of the first six independent centers of civilization arose in the Americas: the first, Norte Chico or Caral-Supe, in present-day northern Peru; and that of formative-era Mesoamerica in what is now southern Mexico. == Book summary == Mann develops his arguments from a variety of recent re-assessments of long-standing views about the pre-Columbian world, based on new findings in demography, climatology, epidemiology, economics, botany, genetics, image analysis, palynology, molecular biology, biochemistry, and soil science. Although there is no consensus, and Mann acknowledges controversies, he asserts that the general trend


id: 1491-new-revelations-of-the-americas-before-columbus-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1491:_New_Revelations_of_the_Americas_Before_Columbus-1.md
category: reference
title: 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1491:_New_Revelations_of_the_Americas_Before_Columbus
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:22.072580+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: 1491-new-revelations-of-the-americas-before-columbus-20260505-0
summary:
"the Maya collapsed because they overshot the carrying capacity of their environment. They exhausted their resource base, began to die of starvation and thirst, and fled their cities 'en masse', leaving them as silent warnings of the perils of ecological hubris." Mann discusses the growing evidence that shows Native Americans did indeed transform their lands. Most Native Americans shaped their environment with fire, using slash-and-burn techniques to clear forests and create grasslands for cultivation and to encourage the abundance of game animals. Native Americans domesticated fewer animals and cultivated plant life differently from their European counterparts, but did so quite intensively nonetheless. Ancient cultures in South America have been found to have constructed elaborate irrigation systems, terraced steep mountains to produce crops, and defensively protected their settlements. The author suggests that Europeans' limited and often racist views about indigenous peoples, in addition to the lack of a common language among the indigenous peoples, often resulted in the failure of Europeans to recognize how Native Americans managed their lands. Some historians have drawn conclusions such as the "law of environmental limitation of culture" (Betty J. Meggers); that is, Native Americans' practices before slash and burn worked because vast expanses of healthy


id: 2081-a-hopeful-view-of-the-human-future-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2081:_A_Hopeful_View_of_the_Human_Future-0.md
category: reference
title: 2081: A Hopeful View of the Human Future
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2081:_A_Hopeful_View_of_the_Human_Future
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:24.446416+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: 2081-a-hopeful-view-of-the-human-future-20260505-0
summary:
2081: A Hopeful View of the Human Future is a 1981 book by Princeton physicist Gerard K. O'Neill. The book is an attempt to predict the social and technological state of humanity 100 years in the future. O'Neill's positive attitude towards both technology and human potential distinguished this book from gloomy predictions of a Malthusian catastrophe by contemporary scientists. Paul R. Ehrlich wrote in 1968 in The Population Bomb, "in the 1970s and 1980s hundreds of millions of people will starve to death". The Club of Rome's 1972 Limits to Growth predicted a catastrophic end to the Industrial Revolution within 100 years from resource exhaustion and pollution. O'Neill's contrary view had two main components. First, he analyzed the previous attempts to predict the future of society—including many catastrophes that had not materialized. Second, he extrapolated historical trends under the assumption that the obstacles identified by other authors would be overcome by five technological "Drivers of Change". He extrapolated an average American family income in 2081 of $1 million/year. Two developments based on his own research were responsible for much of his optimism. In The High Frontier: Human Colonies in Space O'Neill described solar power satellites that provide unlimited clean energy,


id: abundance-the-future-is-better-than-you-think-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance:_The_Future_Is_Better_Than_You_Think-0.md
category: reference
title: Abundance: The Future Is Better Than You Think
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance:_The_Future_Is_Better_Than_You_Think
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:25.569105+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: abundance-the-future-is-better-than-you-think-20260505-0
summary:
Abundance: The Future Is Better Than You Think is a non-fiction book on advancing the human condition authored by Peter H. Diamandis and Steven Kotler that was published in 2012. Diamandis is otherwise primarily known for founding the X Prize Foundation, a nonprofit effort based around scientific competitions, and Kotler is otherwise known both as a journalist and as a writer of previous works. The writers refer to the work's title as signifying a future in which nine billion people have access to clean water, food, energy, health care, housing, education, and everything else that is necessary for a fully meaningful standard of living, this occurring due to rapid developments in technological innovation causing economic progress during the decades of the 2010s and 2020s. Critical praise came from the U.S. publications Christian Science Monitor and Time. == Reviews and commentary == Bryan Walsh of Time said the book's message is that the future will be better than we think, even with all the bad news. He mentioned that despite the constant negative information, a closer look at the numbers shows that things are better than we believe. Kate Wiede of the Christian Science Monitor published a praising review that remarked


id: all-the-fish-in-the-sea-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_the_Fish_in_the_Sea-0.md
category: reference
title: All the Fish in the Sea
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_the_Fish_in_the_Sea
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:26.755676+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: all-the-fish-in-the-sea-20260505-0
summary:
All the Fish in the Sea: Maximum Sustainable Yield and the Failure of Fisheries Management is a 2011 book by Carmel Finley. The book argues that the policies for international fishing and whaling management were essentially locked in place by 1958, and that the United States played a large role in setting them. In the development of the international law covering fisheries, the US supported laws that would protect the US tuna and salmon fisheries while limiting the ability of other nations, and Japan in particular, to fish in US waters. The book thus ties fisheries management inseparably with Cold War politics. In particular, Finley traces the development of the concept of maximum sustainable yield (MSY), arguing that MSY had no scientific basis and thus was a political and economic construct more than a scientific one. The "model did not represent the codification of quantitative, empirical evidence." Once instituted, instead of limiting fishing, MSY's assertion that underfishing wasted oceanic resources meant MSY "was not really a limit, but a goal to be reached," thus encouraging more fishing rather than less. The book engages the myth of the "Tragedy of the Commons" by demonstrating that governmental action and international policy led


id: amazon-watershed-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Watershed-0.md
category: reference
title: Amazon Watershed
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Watershed
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:27.928663+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: amazon-watershed-20260505-0
summary:
Amazon Watershed : the new environmental investigation is a 1991 book by British writer and environmental and political activist George Monbiot. == Synopsis == The book is an investigation into the expulsion of peasants from their homes and their forced relocation to the Amazon. Military police attempt to kill Monbiot as he exposes a vast military project opening up the area to logging and deforestation. He tracks timber cut illegally from Indian reserves all the way back to retailers in the United Kingdom. According to the publishers, Monbiot also "examines the role of the British and American governments in promoting, wittingly or otherwise, this great ecological catastrophe". == Reception == The book won the Natural World Book Prize, described as "the premier environmental book prize in the UK" in 1991. == References ==


id: an-appeal-to-reason-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Appeal_to_Reason-0.md
category: reference
title: An Appeal to Reason
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Appeal_to_Reason
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:29.096630+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: an-appeal-to-reason-20260505-0
summary:
An Appeal to Reason: A Cool Look at Global Warming is a 2008 pseudoscientific climate change denial book by Nigel Lawson. In it, Lawson claims that, although global warming is happening, the science is far from settled. He opposes the scientific consensus as summarized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). He also argues that warming will bring both benefits and negative consequences, and that the impact of these changes will be relatively moderate rather than apocalyptic. The book has been rejected by climatologists, including IPCC authors Jean Palutikof and Robert Watson as unscientific. == Overview == This book is an expansion of a lecture which Lawson gave in 2006 to the Centre for Policy Studies, a think tank with links to the Conservative Party. The lecture was called "The Economics and Politics of Climate Change. An Appeal to Reason" The book claims to examine each of the dimensions of the global warming issue, including the science, the economics, both from the perspective of long-term forecasting and cost-effectiveness analysis, the politics, and the ethical aspect. The book begins by arguing that "the science of global warming is far from settled." Although Lawson accepts that warming is real, he questions


id: aqueous-wastes-from-petroleum-and-petrochemical-plants-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_Wastes_from_Petroleum_and_Petrochemical_Plants-0.md
category: reference
title: Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_Wastes_from_Petroleum_and_Petrochemical_Plants
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:30.261378+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: aqueous-wastes-from-petroleum-and-petrochemical-plants-20260505-0
summary:
Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants is a book about the composition and treatment of the various wastewater streams produced in the hydrocarbon processing industries (i.e., oil refineries, petrochemical plants and natural gas processing plants). When it was published in 1967, it was the first book devoted to that subject. The book is notable for being the first technical publication of a method for the rigorous tray-by-tray design of steam distillation towers for removing hydrogen sulfide from oil refinery wastewaters. Such towers are commonly referred to as sour water strippers. The design method was also presented at a World Petroleum Congress Meeting shortly after the book was published. The subjects covered in the book include wastewater pollutants and the pertinent governmental regulations, oil refinery and petrochemical plant wastewater effluents, treatment methods, miscellaneous effluents, data on the cost of various wastewater treatment methods, and an extensive reference list. == Availability in libraries == The book became a classic in its field and is available in major university, public and industrial libraries worldwide. The book has no ISBN because they were not in use in 1967. The Library of Congress catalog number (LCCN) is 67019834 and the British Library system number


id: arming-mother-nature-the-birth-of-catastrophic-environmentalism-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arming_Mother_Nature:_The_Birth_of_Catastrophic_Environmentalism-0.md
category: reference
title: Arming Mother Nature: The Birth of Catastrophic Environmentalism
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arming_Mother_Nature:_The_Birth_of_Catastrophic_Environmentalism
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:31.419073+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: arming-mother-nature-the-birth-of-catastrophic-environmentalism-20260505-0
summary:
Arming Mother Nature is a 2013 non-fiction book by Jacob Darwin Hamblin, a history professor at Oregon State University. His book argues that The Pentagon and its military planning for WW III promoted "catastrophic environmentalism" by funding environmental science in the Cold War after WW II. The Pentagon planners were interested in the various ways in which natural processes could be harnessed to kill millions of people and/or destroy the agricultural, or other, sectors of the economies of enemy nations. == Reception == According to Professor Gregg Mitman of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Hamblin's book gives a compelling account of how military thinking about WW III and military sources of money supported the scientific study, monitoring, and diplomacy of planet Earth's environment. Mitman particularly commends how a book chapter reveals connections between Charles Elton's research on invasive species and military planners' concerns about agriculture and national security. Reviews indicate that Arming Mother Nature is well-documented and well-written. == Awards == The book won the 2014 Paul Birdsall Prize from the American Historical Association and the 2016 Watson Davis and Helen Miles Davis Prize from the History of Science Society. == See also == Environmental disaster Environmental impact of war Nuclear


id: atlas-of-our-changing-environment-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Our_Changing_Environment-0.md
category: reference
title: Atlas of Our Changing Environment
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Our_Changing_Environment
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:32.575354+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: atlas-of-our-changing-environment-20260505-0
summary:
Atlas of Our Changing Environment is a series of atlases published beginning in 2005 by the United Nations Environment Programme. The series includes: One Planet Many People: Atlas of Our Changing Environment (2005) Africa Lakes: Atlas of Our Changing Environment (2006) Africa: Atlas of Our Changing Environment (2008) These publications primarily make use of historical and recent satellite data alongside maps and photos to highlight areas of environmental change around the globe. == References == == External links == Official website Africa Lakes: Atlas of Our Changing Environment at the Library of Congress Web Archives (archived 2015-12-15) Africa: Atlas of Our Changing Environment at the Library of Congress Web Archives (archived 2015-12-15) WorldCat


id: beyond-oil-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond_Oil-0.md
category: reference
title: Beyond Oil
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond_Oil
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:36.118309+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: beyond-oil-20260505-0
summary:
Beyond Oil: The View from Hubbert's Peak is a 2005 book by Kenneth S. Deffeyes. Deffeyes was a geologist who warned of the coming oil crisis in a previous book called Hubbert's Peak. == Overview == In this book, he explores the Earth's supply of potential replacement fuels for oil. Beyond Oil evaluates a range of primary energy sources ("fuels from the earth"), from petroleum to heavy oil, oil shale, tar sands, natural gas, coal, uranium, and hydrogen (which, as he notes, is actually an energy carrier and not a source), and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of each. Finally making scientific based policy decisions is a task for all citizens. The book begins with brief explanations of the supply problem of liquid hydrocarbons used mostly as transportation fuel. Then he explains a simpler math version of Hubbert's differential calculus to estimate what is available in the ground, see Hubbert linearization. The middle part covers the different energy resources which are available in the ground. Additionally the hydrogen path is discussed including conversion options and efficiencies from different energy forms (coal to electricity) into this gaseous energy carrier. Finally the last Chapter is an essay on the big picture from


id: beyond-silent-spring-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond_Silent_Spring-0.md
category: reference
title: Beyond Silent Spring
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond_Silent_Spring
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:37.277318+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: beyond-silent-spring-20260505-0
summary:
Beyond Silent Spring: Integrated Pest Management and Chemical Safety is a 1996 book about environmentalism edited by Helmut Fritz van Emden and David Peakall. It is a follow-up to the influential 1962 book Silent Spring. == References ==


id: beyond-the-limits-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond_the_Limits-0.md
category: reference
title: Beyond the Limits
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond_the_Limits
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:38.387659+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: beyond-the-limits-20260505-0
summary:
Beyond the Limits is a 1992 book continuing the modeling of the consequences of a rapidly growing global population that was started in the 1972 report The Limits to Growth. Donella Meadows, Dennis Meadows, and Jørgen Randers are the authors and all were involved in the original Club of Rome study as well. Beyond the Limits (Chelsea Green Publishing Company) and Earthscan addressed many of the criticisms of the The Limits to Growth book, but still has caused controversy and mixed reactions. == Influence == Billionaire investor Richard Rainwater indicates having been influenced to invest in oil in the 1990s upon reading Beyond the Limits. His niece Kelley Rainwater reports she gave him this book as a Christmas present. She was introduced to the book through Dr. Jay Earley who is a social transformation theorist and colleague of the Meadows. == See also == Donella Meadows' twelve leverage points to intervene in a system World3 Steady-state economy Peak oil The Limits to Growth The Ultimate Resource == References ==


id: a-big-fix-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Big_Fix-0.md
category: reference
title: A Big Fix
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Big_Fix
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:39.538488+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: a-big-fix-20260505-0
summary:
A Big Fix: Radical Solutions for Australia's Environmental Crisis is a 2005 book by Ian Lowe which argues that the warnings from environmental scientists are urgent and unequivocal. Lowe suggests that resources are being used too quickly, environmental systems are being compromised, and society is being destabilised by the increasing gap between rich and poor. Lowe proposes several radical solutions. He advocates a fundamental change to our personal values and social institutions and provides a vision of a healthier society – one that is more humane, takes an eco-centric approach, adopts longer-term thinking, and respects natural systems. == See also == List of Australian environmental books == References ==


id: black-faces-white-spaces-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Faces,_White_Spaces-0.md
category: reference
title: Black Faces, White Spaces
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Faces,_White_Spaces
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:40.703518+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: black-faces-white-spaces-20260505-0
summary:
Black Faces, White Spaces: Reimagining the Relationship of African Americans to the Great Outdoors is a 2014 book by cultural geographer Carolyn Finney. The book examines the relationship between African Americans and the environment, particularly challenging the notion of the environment and environmentalism as white spaces. Black Faces, White Spaces uses a combination of autoethnographic accounts, discourse analysis of media, interviews, and analysis of artistic forms of expression to contextualize a narrative about environmental policy and race relations in the United States. Finney explores the subject through the lenses of environmental history, feminist and critical race theories. In her discussion of American experiences with the environment, Finney highlights how the legacy of slavery creates disparities in the impact of environmental laws such as the Wilderness Act due to factors such as racial segregation. Black Faces, White Spaces challenges assumptions that the environmental movement makes about universal values, individualism, and agency, arguing that they reflect a class-based and racial power structure that denies participation from people of color. == References ==


id: blessed-unrest-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blessed_Unrest-0.md
category: reference
title: Blessed Unrest
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blessed_Unrest
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:41.837880+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: blessed-unrest-20260505-0
summary:
Blessed Unrest: How the Largest Movement in the World Came into Being and Why No One Saw It Coming is a 2007 New York Times bestseller by Paul Hawken. The book is about the many non-profit groups and community organizations, dedicated to many different causes, which Hawken calls the "environmental and social justice movement". Hawken explains that this is a diverse movement with no charismatic leader. The movement follows no unifying ideology, and is not recognized by politicians, the public and the media. But, Hawken argues, it has the potential to benefit the planet. A New York Times reviewer states that Blessed Unrest is "about a movement that no one has noticed, not even the people involved". For this reviewer, the "high point of the book is Hawken's excellent critique of the chemical industry's attack on Rachel Carson's Silent Spring in 1962", at a time when she was fighting cancer. Hawken also tells the stories of other people who have endured hardship and difficulty as they stood up to large corporations. == See also == Environmental movement Leaderless resistance The Starfish and the Spider Unorganisation Wiser.org == References == == External links == Blessed Unrest for a Wiser Earth: John


id: the-blue-economy-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blue_Economy-0.md
category: reference
title: The Blue Economy
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blue_Economy
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:42.979554+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-blue-economy-20260505-0
summary:
The Blue Economy: 10 years – 100 innovations – 100 million jobs is a book by Gunter Pauli. The book expresses the ultimate aim that a "Blue Economy business model" will shift society from scarcity to abundance "with what is locally available", by tackling issues that cause environmental and related problems in new ways. == Contents == The book highlights potential benefits in connecting and combining seemingly disparate environmental problems with open-source scientific solutions based upon physical processes common in the natural world, to create solutions that are both environmentally beneficial and which have financial and wider social benefits. The book suggests that we can alter the way in which we run our industrial processes and tackle resultant environmental problems, refocusing from the use of rare and high-energy cost resources to instead seek solutions based upon simpler and cleaner technologies. The book proposes to focus on the generation of more value, instead of blindly cutting costs. The book aims to inspire entrepreneurs to adopt its insights, by demonstrating ways in which this can create economic benefits via job creation, reduced energy use, and more revenue streams from each step of the process, at the same time benefiting the communities involved.


id: a-blueprint-for-survival-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Blueprint_for_Survival-0.md
category: reference
title: A Blueprint for Survival
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Blueprint_for_Survival
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:44.149436+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: a-blueprint-for-survival-20260505-0
summary:
A Blueprint for Survival was an influential environmentalist text that drew attention to the urgency and magnitude of environmental problems. First published as a special edition of The Ecologist in January 1972, it was later published in book form and went on to sell more than 750,000 copies. The Blueprint was signed by over thirty of the leading scientists of the day—including Sir Julian Huxley, Sir Frank Fraser Darling, Sir Peter Medawar, E. J. Mishan and Sir Peter Scott. It was largely written by Edward Goldsmith and Robert Allen (with contributions from John Davoll and Sam Lawrence of the Conservation Society, and Michael Allaby) who argued for a radically restructured society in order to prevent what the authors referred to as "the breakdown of society and the irreversible disruption of the life-support systems on this planet". It recommended that people live in small, decentralised and largely de-industrialised communities. Some of the reasons given for this were that: it is too difficult to enforce moral behaviour in a large community agricultural and business practices are more likely to be ecologically sound in smaller communities people feel more fulfilled in smaller communities reducing an area's population reduces the environmental impact The authors


id: break-through-book-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Break_Through_(book)-0.md
category: reference
title: Break Through (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Break_Through_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:45.331025+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: break-through-book-20260505-0
summary:
Break Through: From the Death of Environmentalism to the Politics of Possibility, first published in October 2007, is a book written by Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger, both long-time environmental strategists. Break Through is an argument for a positive, "post-environmental" politics that abandons the traditional environmentalist focus on nature protection for a focus on creating a new sustainable economy. The book is based on a controversial October-2004 essay by the same authors, "The Death of Environmentalism: Global Warming Politics in a Post-Environmental World." The essay argues that environmentalism is conceptually and institutionally incapable of dealing with climate change and should "die" so that a new politics can be born. The essay was widely discussed among liberals and greens at Salon, Grist, and The New York Times. After the failure of climate legislation in the U.S. Senate for the third time in June 2008, Time magazine named Nordhaus and Shellenberger "Heroes of the Environment", calling Break Through "prescient" for its prediction that climate policy should focus not on making fossil fuels expensive through regulation but rather on making clean energy cheap. The book's authors reiterated this argument in a September 2008 op-ed for the Los Angeles Times, arguing for $30–$50bn in


id: break-through-book-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Break_Through_(book)-1.md
category: reference
title: Break Through (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Break_Through_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:45.331025+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: break-through-book-20260505-0
summary:
Climate change and the political response to it is already defining a new fault line in the culture. On one side of that line will be a global NIMBYism that sees the planet as too fragile to support the hopes and dreams of seven billion humans. It will seek to establish and enforce the equivalent of an international caste system in which the poor of the developing world are consigned to energy poverty in perpetuity. This politics of limits will be anti-immigration, anti-globalization, and anti-growth. It will be zero-sum, fiscally conservative, and deficit-oriented. It will combine Malthusian environmentalism with Hobbesian conservatism. On the other side will be those who believe that there is room enough for all of us to live secure and free lives. It will be pro-growth, progressive, and internationalist. It will drive global development by creating new markets. It will see in institutions like the WTO, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund not a corporate conspiracy to keep people poor and destroy the environment, but an opportunity to drive a kind of development that is both sustainable and equitable. It will embrace technology without being technocratic. It will seek adaptation proactively, not fatalistically. It will


id: bringing-whales-ashore-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bringing_Whales_Ashore-0.md
category: reference
title: Bringing Whales Ashore
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bringing_Whales_Ashore
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:46.460009+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: bringing-whales-ashore-20260505-0
summary:
Bringing Whales Ashore: Oceans and the Environment of Early Modern Japan is a 2018 book by Jakobina K. Arch. The book details the history of whaling in Japan, especially during the Tokugawa period. In particular, the book notes the relationship between the Japanese archipelago and the maritime space around it, as well as between the shore and inland populations of Japan. While shore-based and near-shore whaling was big business in early modern Japan, employing tens of thousands of workers and drawing substantial investment, the practice was unsustainable, and it fell off before the middle of the nineteenth century, even before American whaling ships had a major impact on Pacific whale species. If the oceans are paid attention to as global environments and as key sources of nutrients and economic resources, the book argues, then Tokugawa Japan was neither as self-sufficient nor as sustainable as has previously been argued. This decline in whaling by about the 1840s brings the book's argument up to the present. The book "finds little evidence of Japan's supposed 9,000-year unbroken whaling tradition in modern factory-ship whaling," which would thus render Japan's twentieth century claims to qualify for exemptions from the International Whaling Commission's moratorium on commercial


id: brittle-power-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittle_Power-0.md
category: reference
title: Brittle Power
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittle_Power
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:47.637613+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: brittle-power-20260505-0
summary:
Brittle Power: Energy Strategy for National Security is a 1982 book by Amory B. Lovins and L. Hunter Lovins, prepared originally as a Pentagon study and re-released in 2001 following the September 11 attacks. The book argues that the U.S. domestic energy infrastructure is very vulnerable to disruption, whether by accident or malice, often even more so than US technology is vulnerable to disruption of the imported oil supply. According to the authors, a resilient energy system is feasible, costs less, works better, and is favoured in the market, but is rejected by U.S. policy. In the preface to the 2001 edition, Lovins explains that these themes are still very current. == Vulnerability to large-scale failures == Lovins argues that the United States has for decades been running on energy that is "brittle" (easily shattered by accident or malice) and that this poses a grave and growing threat to national security, life, and liberty. Lovins explains that this danger comes not from hostile ideology but from misapplied technology. The size, complexity, pattern, and control structure of the electrical power system makes it inherently vulnerable to large-scale failures. The same is true of the technologies that deliver coal, gas, and oil


id: cadillac-desert-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac_Desert-0.md
category: reference
title: Cadillac Desert
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac_Desert
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:48.785481+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cadillac-desert-20260505-0
summary:
Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water is a 1986 American history book by Marc Reisner about land development and water policy in the western United States. The book largely focuses on the history of two federal agencies, the Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and their struggles to remake the American West in ways to satisfy national settlement and energy generation goals. The book concludes that the development-driven policies, formed when settling the West was the country's main concern, have had serious long-term negative effects on the environment and water quantity. The book was revised and updated in 1993, with a new afterword by the author. The book was again reissued in 2017, with a lengthy Postscript by Lawrie Mott, a former staff scientist at the Natural Resources Defense Council. == Topics discussed == == Reception == In a review written shortly after publication, The New York Times described the book as "a revealing, absorbing, often amusing and alarming report on where billions of their dollars have gone – and where a lot more are going." In 1986, Cadillac Desert was a finalist for both the National Book Critics' Circle Award and the


id: california-against-the-sea-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Against_the_Sea-0.md
category: reference
title: California Against the Sea
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Against_the_Sea
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:49.936651+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: california-against-the-sea-20260505-0
summary:
California Against the Sea: Visions For Our Vanishing Coastline is a 2023 nonfiction book by American author and Los Angeles Times environmental reporter Rosanna Xia. == Summary == Xia travels along the California coastal communities to interview indigenous leaders, community activists, politicians and environmental scientists on how their communities are responding to rising sea levels. == Publication == The book was published by Heyday on September 26, 2023. The cover art was done by Adrian Montalvo and the design by Frances Baca. == Reception == Peter Fish of the San Francisco Chronicle described the book as "thoughtful, balanced, deeply researched and reported." Publishers Weekly called it "a vivid exploration" and an "unsparing look at California’s contentious battle to cope with a changing climate." == Awards and nominations == The book was the winner of the 2024 PEN/E. O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award. It was also selected as the Great Read from California for the 2024 Library of Congress National Book Festival. It was included as part of the San Francisco Chronicle's favorite nonfiction books of 2023. The book was featured on The Architect's Newspaper's list of best books of 2023. The book was a recipient of the 2024 American


id: the-california-field-atlas-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_California_Field_Atlas-0.md
category: reference
title: The California Field Atlas
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_California_Field_Atlas
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:51.144541+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-california-field-atlas-20260505-0
summary:
The California Field Atlas is a 2017 book written and illustrated by Obi Kaufmann. It was published by Heyday Books, a Berkeley-based nonprofit small press. Through passages of nature writing and hundreds of watercolor paintings, the book details California's ecology and geography. Kaufmann, an artist and outdoorsman, was born in California and currently resides in Oakland. He prepared the book over the course of a year, drawing from a lifetime of experience hiking thousands of miles of California wilderness. With the California Field Atlas, he intended to foster geological literacy and conservation of the state's natural environment. The book contains ten chapters spanning more than 500 pages in total. The first eight chapters examine California's ecological system, the ninth chapter is an overview of nature throughout the state's 58 counties, and the final chapter covers the topic of rewilding. Rather than focusing on already-famous natural landmarks such as Yosemite, Kaufmann sought to present a comprehensive overview of the state that included detailed surveys of lesser-known regions. The title combines the phrases field guide and atlas, but the book differs in purpose and function from both categories as traditionally conceived. The term "field atlas" was coined by the author to describe


id: the-california-field-atlas-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_California_Field_Atlas-1.md
category: reference
title: The California Field Atlas
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_California_Field_Atlas
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:51.144541+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-california-field-atlas-20260505-0
summary:
=== Artwork === Kaufmann's renderings of animals are mostly realistic but incorporate expressionistic flourishes—particularly in his choices of color palette—and thus do not adhere to the more literalistic standards of accuracy that would be expected from a conventional field guide. His wildlife paintings are meant to capture "the spirit of the subject" above all, and he acknowledged that his approach sometimes resulted in conspicuous differences between his art and an animal's literal appearance. As an example, he has often noted that the book includes a painting of a purple coyote, even though the animal is not actually purple in the wild. However, he explained that "coyotes aren't purple unless you're looking at them in the high desert sagebrush at sunset," and the subjective impression of the animal's appearance that can occur in that rare setting is what he sought to capture in his painting. The book's maps include surveys of a wide variety of subjects, like the habitats of wild pigs, the state's various fir trees, areas prone to wildfire, wildflowers gardens, and many others. Each map is indexed with a unique four-digit number. Kaufmann said much of the book is "data-driven", in that the maps and their data are


id: the-california-field-atlas-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_California_Field_Atlas-2.md
category: reference
title: The California Field Atlas
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_California_Field_Atlas
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:51.144541+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-california-field-atlas-20260505-0
summary:
He saw the Field Atlas as having two main purposes: a scientific agenda to foster geographic literacy, and an artistic agenda to promote the cause of conservation—the latter of which also has political dimensions. He told the website 7x7 that the "whole book—this whole endeavor—is an exercise in how we can continue our human residency in California not only over the next 100 years, for example, but over the next 10,000 years." On the other hand, Kaufmann sought to avoid any overt political argumentation in the book, and he has expressed frustration with partisan approaches to conservation. Mike Sonksen identified the book—particularly its ecological perspective and sense of "geographic literacy"—with the ideas of deep ecology and bioregionalism as articulated by Kaufmann's influence Gary Snyder in such works as Turtle Island (1974) and A Place in Space (1995). The book reflects a deep-time perspective on the state's ecology and landscapes. In the book's introduction, Kaufmann wrote that he was "participating in the wild reimagining of the place, past the scars inflicted over the past two hundred years and revealing a story about what has always been here and what will remain long after our residency is through." In an interview, he


id: the-california-field-atlas-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_California_Field_Atlas-3.md
category: reference
title: The California Field Atlas
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_California_Field_Atlas
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:51.144541+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-california-field-atlas-20260505-0
summary:
=== Critical response === The book received generally positive reviews, primarily from local California publications and outlets. John McMurtrie, the book editor of the San Francisco Chronicle, called the California Field Atlas a "magnificent ode to the natural wonders of [Kaufmann's] home state" and said it "stands as one of the finest books ever published by Heyday". The Chronicle later listed it as one of the 100 best books of 2017. In Diablo Magazine, Linda Lenhoff remarked on its "stunning detail" and "passionate plea" for conservation. Judith M. Gallman at Oakland Magazine wrote "[s]cience and animal lovers will find much to cherish in this unusually lovely and hefty collection." Rachael Myrow, a host of Forum on NPR affiliate KQED, compared the book to Rebecca Solnit's Infinite City: A San Francisco Atlas (2010), saying that for both books, the reader is "staring at something you think you know, California, but you're looking at a reading of it that most people don't think of." Kim Wyatt at Lake Tahoe News wrote that the book was "[b]reathtaking and informative and one of a kind" and "will lead to fresh insights about the Golden State, promoting geographic literacy, historical understanding and perhaps, in turn,


id: canada-s-deadly-secret-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada's_Deadly_Secret-0.md
category: reference
title: Canada's Deadly Secret
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada's_Deadly_Secret
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:52.299128+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: canada-s-deadly-secret-20260505-0
summary:
Canada's Deadly Secret: Saskatchewan Uranium and the Global Nuclear System is a 2007 book by Jim Harding which chronicles the struggle over Saskatchewan's uranium mining, and demonstrates the negative impacts on Aboriginal rights and environmental health, and the effect of free trade. Harding argues that nuclear energy cannot mitigate global warming and that the "peaceful nuclear technology" does not exist. Helen Caldicott wrote the foreword to the book. Jim Harding is an emeritus professor of environmental and justice studies and was director of research for Prairie Justice Research at the University of Regina. He is a founding member of the Regina Group for a Non-Nuclear Society and International Uranium Congress. Harding also acted as Prairie Correspondent for Nuclear Free Press and consultant to the award-winning film Uranium, a 1990 documentary about uranium mining in Canada. Several reviews of the book have been published. == See also == List of books about nuclear issues Nuclear disarmament Anti-nuclear movement == References ==


id: carbon-shift-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_Shift-0.md
category: reference
title: Carbon Shift
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_Shift
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:53.469053+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: carbon-shift-20260505-0
summary:
Carbon Shift: How Peak Oil and the Climate Crisis Will Change Canada (and Our Lives) is a 2009 non-fiction book edited by Thomas Homer-Dixon and Nick Garrison that collects six essays that discusses the issues of peak oil and climate change. The book was first published in hardcover by Random House of Canada in 2009 under the title Carbon Shift: How the Twin Crises of Oil Depletion and Climate Change Will Define the Future, and became a national bestseller. In 2010, the paperback was published by Vintage Canada, a division of Random House Canada, the sub-title then changing to How Peak Oil and the Climate Crisis Will Change Canada (and Our Lives). == Synopsis == Carbon Shift encompasses six essays by experts in the fields of economics, geology, politics, and science. The essays argue points such as humanity's potential for exhausting the supply of non-renewable fuels and what could be done to prevent this. == Contributors == Thomas Homer-Dixon - Introduction and Conclusion Nick Garrison - Introduction and Conclusion Ronald Wright - Foreword David Keith - Dangerous Abundance David Hughes - The Energy Issue: a More Urgent Problem than Climate Change Mark Jaccard - Peak Oil and Market Feedbacks: Chicken


id: challenging-the-chip-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenging_the_Chip-0.md
category: reference
title: Challenging the Chip
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenging_the_Chip
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:54.587999+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: challenging-the-chip-20260505-0
summary:
Challenging the Chip is a 2006 book on "labor rights and environmental justice in the global electronics industry" edited by Ted Smith, David A. Sonnenfeld, and David Naguib Pellow. It is published by Temple University Press. In three parts, the book looks at global electronics, environmental justice and labor rights, and electronic waste and extended producer responsibility. In four appendices, the book also deals with the principles of environmental justice, the computer take-back campaign, sample shareholder resolutions, and the electronics recycler's pledge of true stewardship. This 357-page book was put together by "scores of people around the world (who) have been involved over the course of several years in the conceptualization, development, editing and production (of it)". == "New wave of technology" == In his foreword to the text, former Texas Agriculture Commissioner Jim Hightower makes out a case to explain how "technology happens". He writes: "Take cars. After Henry Ford began mass production, it took only a flash in time for these four-wheeled chunks of technology to wholly transform our landscape, environment, economy, culture, psychology, and ... well, pretty much our whole world. For better or worse, cars created freeways, shopping malls, McDonald's, drive-in banking – even the Beach


id: challenging-the-chip-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenging_the_Chip-1.md
category: reference
title: Challenging the Chip
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenging_the_Chip
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:54.587999+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: challenging-the-chip-20260505-0
summary:
== "Downside not addressed" == Says an introduction to its contents: "Of the millions of words written over the past several decades about the electronics industry's incredible transformation of our world, far too few have been addressed (to) the downside of this revolution. Many are surprised to learn that environmental degradation and occupational health hazards are as much a part of high-tech manufacturing as miniaturization and other such marvels". == Third World women's labor, pollute surroundings == The editors also comment: "Although most consumers are eager to enjoy their latest computers, televisions, cellular phones, iPods, and electronic games, few relate the declining prices of these and other electronic technologies to the labor of Third World women, who are paid pennies a day. Fewer still realize that the amazingly powerful microprocessors and superminiaturized, high-capacity memory devices harm the workers who produce them and pollute the surrounding communities' air and water". == Comments on the book == Sandra Steingraber calls this book "essential reading for anyone who owns a cell phone or a computer" and says "our digital possessions connect us not only to global information but also to global contamination and injustice". Nicholas Ashford calls the work "an impressive, comprehensive critique


id: the-chilling-stars-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chilling_Stars-0.md
category: reference
title: The Chilling Stars
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chilling_Stars
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:56.932243+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-chilling-stars-20260505-0
summary:
The Chilling Stars is a non-fiction book about the possible causes and effects of global climate change by Henrik Svensmark and Nigel Calder. The paperback version was published by Totem Books on March 19, 2003. An updated version titled The Chilling Stars: A New Theory of Climate Change was published in 2007. Svensmark is otherwise known as a Danish physicist and professor, while Calder had worked as a science journalist. The authors argue that cloud cover changes caused by variations in cosmic rays are a major contributor to global temperature increases, and they state that human influences have been exaggerated. == Contents and background == The authors describe a cross-disciplinary theory that takes in elements of cosmology, particle physics, paleo-climatology, and meteorology. They label their concept 'cosmoclimatology', and they attempt to look back through prior climate trends such as the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age. They detail what they view as a close correlation between the rate of cosmic rays reaching the Earth, which varies based on electromagnetic fluctuation on the Sun's surface, and the Earth's temperature. They write how the solar magnetic field grew over twice as strong as before over the 20th century, and they


id: cinderella-of-the-new-south-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinderella_of_the_New_South-0.md
category: reference
title: Cinderella of the New South
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinderella_of_the_New_South
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:58.106040+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cinderella-of-the-new-south-20260505-0
summary:
Cinderella of the New South: A History of the Cottonseed Industry, 1855–1955 is a 1995 book by Lynette Boney Wrenn. It is significant as the first scholarly book to examine the history of the cottonseed industry in the southern United States. In Cinderella of the New South, Wrenn argues that the cottonseed industry between 1855 and 1955 was an example of a lack of industrialization in the southern United States. The book covers the antebellum origins of the cottonseed industry and the rapid rise of the industry between 1880 and 1914, which was fuelled by demand for cottonseed products, such as cooking oil, soaps, and candles. Cinderella of the New South addresses the extraction-to-manufacturing process of the cottonseed crop during the 1880–1914 period, during which the southern mills performed the least-profitable step of crushing the cottonseed while largely northern-owned businesses handled the more-lucrative secondary manufacturing and marketing stages. The book ends with the consolidation of the cottonseed industry after World War II and the subsequent end of the hydraulic crushing of the seed in the 1950s. == References ==


id: a-civil-action-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Civil_Action-0.md
category: reference
title: A Civil Action
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Civil_Action
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:37:59.197887+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: a-civil-action-20260505-0
summary:
A Civil Action is a 1995 non-fiction book by Jonathan Harr about a water contamination case in Woburn, Massachusetts, in the 1980s. The book became a best-seller. It won the National Book Critics Circle Award for nonfiction. It is based on the case of Anderson v. Cryovac. The first reported decision in the case is at 96 F.R.D. 431 (denial of defendants' motion to dismiss). A 1998 film of the same name, starring John Travolta as plaintiff's lawyer Jan Schlichtmann and Robert Duvall as Beatrice Foods attorney Jerome Facher, was based on the book. == Plot summary == After finding that her child is diagnosed with leukemia, Anne Anderson notices a high prevalence of leukemia, a relatively rare disease, in her city. Eventually she gathers other families and seeks a lawyer, Jan Schlichtmann, to consider their options. Schlichtmann originally decides not to take the case due to both the lack of evidence and a clear defendant. Later picking up the case, Schlichtmann finds evidence suggesting trichloroethylene (TCE, an industrial solvent that is not known to cause leukemia in humans) contamination of the town's water supply by Riley Tannery, a subsidiary of Beatrice Foods; a chemical company, W. R. Grace; and


id: climate-change-isn-t-everything-liberating-climate-politics-from-alarmism-20260505-0
category: reference
title: Climate Change Isn't Everything: Liberating Climate Politics from Alarmism
tags: science, encyclopedia
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:00.374507+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: climate-change-isn-t-everything-liberating-climate-politics-from-alarmism-20260505-0
file:
data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Change_Isn't_Everything:_Liberating_Climate_Politics_from_Alarmism-0.md

summary:
Climate Change Isn’t Everything: Liberating Climate Politics from Alarmism is a book by Mike Hulme published in 2023 by Polity Press. == Synopsis == Climate Change Isn't Everything: Liberating Climate Politics from Alarmism is a book by Mike Hulme, Professor of Human Geography at the University of Cambridge, where the author introduces the readers to his meaning of the term / neologism 'climatism'. According to a blurb for the book offered by Ted Nordhaus of the Breakthrough Institute climatism reduces the condition of the world to the fate of global temperature or to the atmospheric concentration of Carbon dioxide, to the detriment of tackling serious issues as varied as poverty, liberty, biodiversity loss, inequality and international diplomacy. Hulme notes that the term has been used before, and noticeably in Steve Goreham's Climatism, Science, Common Sense and the 21st Century Hottest Topic, New Lenox Books 2010. While Goreham contest the human origin of climate change, Hulme holds the opposite view, p. 168. == Main == The author opens the book with a discussion of how the Syrian Civil War, started in March 2011 after civil unrest following the torture by President Assad's security agents of young Syrians schoolboys, was blamed on

source_url:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Change_Isn't_Everything:_Liberating_Climate_Politics_from_Alarmism


id: climate-code-red-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Code_Red-0.md
category: reference
title: Climate Code Red
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Code_Red
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:01.515498+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: climate-code-red-20260505-0
summary:
Climate Code Red: The Case for Emergency Action is a 2008 book which presents scientific evidence that the global warming crisis is worse than official reports and national governments have so far indicated. The book argues humanity is facing a sustainability emergency that requires a clear break from business-as-usual politics. The authors explain that emergency action to address climate change is not so much a radical idea as an indispensable course to embark upon. It draws heavily on the work of many climate scientists, including James E. Hansen. == General == The key themes of Climate Code Red are: "Our goal is a safe-climate future – we have no right to bargain away species or human lives." "We are facing rapid warming impacts: the danger is immediate, not just in the future." "For a safe climate future, we must take action now to stop emissions and to cool the earth." "Plan a large-scale transition to a post-carbon economy and society." "Recognise a climate and sustainability emergency, because we need to move at a pace far beyond business and politics as usual". Co-author David Spratt is a Melbourne businessman, climate-policy analyst, and co-founder of the Carbon Equity network, and Research Director


id: climate-of-hope-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Hope-0.md
category: reference
title: Climate of Hope
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Hope
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:13.719298+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: climate-of-hope-20260505-0
summary:
Climate of Hope: How Cities, Businesses, and Citizens can Save the Planet is an environmental science book by Carl Pope and Michael Bloomberg. == Context == The book is divided into six parts with two chapters each as well as a conclusion. The book switches between Pope and Bloomberg as they draw from their individual experiences within their respective careers as well as historic lessons and scientific evidence as they discuss the inevitable climate crisis of global warming. They examine the problems at hand from a variety of perspectives and also discuss solutions they have implemented and would like to see implemented and the barriers to such. Finally they look at how society has the potential to solve this crisis utilizing innovative technology, policies and nature. == Publication == Climate of Hope was published on April 18, 2017, by St Martin Publication Press and was a New York Times best selling nonfiction book of that year. == References == == External links == Official website Sierra Club


id: the-coal-question-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coal_Question-0.md
category: reference
title: The Coal Question
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coal_Question
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:14.856245+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-coal-question-20260505-0
summary:
The Coal Question; An Inquiry Concerning the Progress of the Nation, and the Probable Exhaustion of Our Coal Mines is a book that economist William Stanley Jevons wrote in 1865 to explore the implications of Britain's reliance on coal. Given that coal was a finite, non-renewable energy resource, Jevons raised the question of sustainability. "Are we wise," he asked rhetorically, "in allowing the commerce of this country to rise beyond the point at which we can long maintain it?" His central thesis was that the supremacy of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland over global affairs was transitory, given the finite nature of its primary energy resource. In propounding this thesis, Jevons covered a range of issues central to sustainability, including limits to growth, overpopulation, overshoot, energy return on energy input (EROEI), taxation of energy resources, renewable energy alternatives, and resource peaking. == The significance of coal == Jevons introduces the first chapter of The Coal Question with a succinct description of coal's wonders and society's insatiable appetite for it: Coal in truth stands not beside but entirely above all other commodities. It is the material energy of the country — the universal aid — the factor in


id: the-coal-question-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coal_Question-1.md
category: reference
title: The Coal Question
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coal_Question
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:14.856245+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-coal-question-20260505-0
summary:
Now population, when it grows, moves with a certain uniform impetus, like a body in motion; and uniform progress of population, as I have fully explained before, is multiplication in a uniform ratio. But long-continued progress in such a manner is altogether impossible — it must outstrip all physical conditions and bounds; and the longer it continues, the more severely must the ultimate check be felt. I do not hesitate to say, therefore, that the rapid growth of our great towns, gratifying as it is in the present, is a matter of very serious concern as regards the future. In contrast to Malthus's view that resource growth was linear, Jevons took resource growth as being exponential, like population. This modification of Malthus's theory did not alter the conclusion that unrestrained population growth would inevitably surpass the nation's ability to expand its resources. Prosperity, in terms of per capita consumption, would therefore fall. Moreover, because the primary resource was non-renewable, the fall would be more dramatic than Malthus envisioned: A farm, however far pushed, will under proper cultivation continue to yield forever a constant crop. But in a mine there is no reproduction, and the produce once pushed to the utmost


id: the-coal-question-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coal_Question-2.md
category: reference
title: The Coal Question
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coal_Question
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:14.856245+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-coal-question-20260505-0
summary:
The ignorance, improvidence, and brutish drunkenness of our lower working classes must be dispelled by a general system of education, which may effect for a future generation what is hopeless for the present generation. One preparatory and indispensable measure, however, is a far more general restriction on the employment of children in manufacture. At present it may almost be said to be profitable to breed little slaves and put them to labour early, so as to get earnings out of them before they have a will of their own. A worse premium upon improvidence and future wretchedness could not be imagined. == Global developments after Jevons == As Jevons predicted, coal production could not grow exponentially forever. UK production peaked in 1913, and the country lost its global superiority to a new giant of energy production, the United States, a turn of events that was also predicted by Jevons. The UK had by then developed oil resources in the Middle East and increasingly used the fuel for power generation. Although UK production could not continue to grow at the annual rate of 3.5%, the world's fossil fuel consumption did grow at this rate until about 1970. According to Jevons, UK


id: coal-river-book-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_River_(book)-0.md
category: reference
title: Coal River (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_River_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:15.949284+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: coal-river-book-20260505-0
summary:
Coal River: How a Few Brave Americans Took on a Powerful Company–and the Federal Government–to Save the Land They Love is a 2008 book by Michael Shnayerson. Coal River is a work of investigative journalism which describes an environmental controversy in southern West Virginia, where coal companies are using mountaintop removal mining. The book argues that towns, communities, and the environment are at risk. Shnayerson is a contributing editor to Vanity Fair. His other books include The Car That Could: GM's Revolutionary Electric Vehicle and The Killers Within: The Deadly Rise of Drug-Resistant Bacteria. == See also == List of books about coal mining == References ==


id: collapse-how-societies-choose-to-fail-or-succeed-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapse:_How_Societies_Choose_to_Fail_or_Succeed-0.md
category: reference
title: Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapse:_How_Societies_Choose_to_Fail_or_Succeed
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:17.130006+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: collapse-how-societies-choose-to-fail-or-succeed-20260505-0
summary:
Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (titled Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive for the British edition) is a 2005 book by academic and popular science author Jared Diamond, in which the author first defines collapse: "a drastic decrease in human population size and/or political/economic/social complexity, over a considerable area, for an extended time." He then reviews the causes of historical and pre-historical instances of societal collapse—particularly those involving significant influences from environmental changes, the effects of climate change, hostile neighbors, trade partners, and the society's response to the foregoing four challenges. It also considers why societies might not perceive a problem, might not decide to attempt a solution, and why an attempted solution might fail. While the bulk of the book is concerned with the demise of these historical civilizations, Diamond also argues that humanity collectively faces, on a much larger scale, many of the same issues, with possibly catastrophic near-future consequences to many of the world's populations. == Synopsis == In the prologue, Jared Diamond summarizes his methodology in one paragraph: This book employs the comparative method to understand societal collapses to which environmental problems contribute. My previous book (Guns, Germs, and Steel: The


id: collapse-how-societies-choose-to-fail-or-succeed-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapse:_How_Societies_Choose_to_Fail_or_Succeed-1.md
category: reference
title: Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapse:_How_Societies_Choose_to_Fail_or_Succeed
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:17.130006+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: collapse-how-societies-choose-to-fail-or-succeed-20260505-0
summary:
The Greenland Norse (cf. Hvalsey Church) (climate change, environmental damage, loss of trading partners, hostile neighbors, irrational reluctance to eat fish, chiefs looking after their short-term interests). Easter Island (a society that, Diamond contends, collapsed entirely due to environmental damage) The Polynesians of Pitcairn Island (environmental damage and loss of trading partners) The Anasazi of southwestern North America (environmental damage and climate change) The Maya of Central America (environmental damage, climate change, and hostile neighbors) Finally, Diamond discusses three past success stories: The tiny egalitarian Pacific island of Tikopia The agricultural success of egalitarian central New Guinea The forest management in stratified Japan of the Tokugawa-era, and in Germany. Part Three examines modern societies, including: The collapse into genocide of Rwanda, caused in part by overpopulation The failure of Haiti compared with the success of its neighbor on Hispaniola, the Dominican Republic The problems facing a developing nation, China The problems facing a First World nation, Australia Part Four concludes the study by considering such subjects as business and globalization, and "extracts practical lessons for us today" (pp. 22–23). Specific attention is given to the polder model as a way Dutch society has addressed its challenges and the "top-down" and


id: collapse-how-societies-choose-to-fail-or-succeed-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapse:_How_Societies_Choose_to_Fail_or_Succeed-2.md
category: reference
title: Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapse:_How_Societies_Choose_to_Fail_or_Succeed
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:17.130006+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: collapse-how-societies-choose-to-fail-or-succeed-20260505-0
summary:
=== Criticisms === Jared Diamond's thesis that Easter Island society collapsed in isolation entirely due to environmental damage and cultural inflexibility is contested by some ethnographers and archaeologists, who argue that the introduction of diseases carried by European colonizers and slave raiding, which devastated the population in the 19th century, had a much greater social impact than environmental decline, and that introduced animals—first rats and then sheep—were greatly responsible for the island's loss of native flora, which came closest to deforestation as late as 1930–1960. Diamond's account of the Easter Island collapse is strongly refuted in a chapter of the book Humankind: A Hopeful History (2019) by Dutch historian Rutger Bregman. The book Questioning Collapse (Cambridge University Press, 2010) is a collection of essays by fifteen archaeologists, cultural anthropologists, and historians criticizing various aspects of Diamond's books Collapse and Guns, Germs and Steel. The book was a result of 2006 meeting of the American Anthropological Association in response to the misinformation that Diamond's popular science publications were causing and the association decided to combine experts from multiple fields of research to cover the claims made in Diamond's and debunk them. The book includes research from indigenous peoples of the societies


id: a-collective-bargain-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Collective_Bargain-0.md
category: reference
title: A Collective Bargain
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Collective_Bargain
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:18.265772+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: a-collective-bargain-20260505-0
summary:
A Collective Bargain: Unions, Organizing, and the Fight for Democracy is a 2020 non-fiction book by union organizer Jane McAlevey. The book makes the case that unions are the only institution capable of confronting the corporate class. A German edition was published by VSA: Verlag, a division of Springer Science+Business Media, on May 1, 2021, with the title "Macht.Gemeinsame Sache." == Overview == Chapters include "Workers Can Still Win Big", "Who Killed the Unions", "Everything You Thought You Knew About Unions was (Mostly) Wrong", "Are Unions Still Relevant?", "How Do Workers Get a Union?", "How To Rebuild A Union", and "As Go Unions, So Goes The Republic". == Critical response == In the New Yorker, Eleni Shermer wrote, "Her latest book argues that systematic grassroots organizing is the key to repairing today’s ravaged democracy. It is a glossier, more generalized account than her previous works, but its publication marks the arrival of her core ideas into the liberal mainstream." In Jacobin, Sam Gindin wrote, "Her new book offers concrete tactics and practices for how workers can win more battles — and prepare for the larger wars to come. ... Where McAlevey has shortcomings, they are generally the collective shortcomings of


id: the-colors-of-nature-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Colors_of_Nature-0.md
category: reference
title: The Colors of Nature
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Colors_of_Nature
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:19.429953+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-colors-of-nature-20260505-0
summary:
The Colors of Nature: Culture, Identity, and the Natural World is a 2011 book edited by Alison H. Deming and Lauret E. Savoy. The book is a collection of essays from authors representing diverse backgrounds, including Japanese American, Mestizo, African American, Hawaiian, Arab American, Chicano and Native American. Collectively, the editors use these essays as a backdrop for exploring a deeper issue: the seeming paucity of nature writing by people of color, while writing about their own personal connections to (and disconnections from) nature. == References ==


id: comprehensive-assessment-of-water-management-in-agriculture-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_Assessment_of_Water_Management_in_Agriculture-0.md
category: reference
title: Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_Assessment_of_Water_Management_in_Agriculture
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:21.743332+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: comprehensive-assessment-of-water-management-in-agriculture-20260505-0
summary:
The report A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture was published in 2007 by International Water Management Institute and Earthscan in an attempt to answer the question: how can water in agriculture be developed and managed to help end poverty and hunger, ensure environmentally sustainable practices, and find the right balance between food and environmental security? == History == Compiled after consultation with more than 700 individuals, numerous organisations and networks, it was the first critical evaluation of: the benefits, costs and impacts of the past 50 years of water development water management challenges facing communities today successful methods of managing water in farming around the world. The assessment confirmed that agriculture consumes more water resources than any other sector. A key finding was that a third of the world's population lives in water-scarce areas. More than 1.2 billion live in areas of physical water scarcity, lacking water resources. Parts of Australia and the United States suffer in this way. A further 1.6 billion people live in areas of economic water scarcity, where there is insufficient human capacity or financial resources for people to effectively make use of the water that is available. Here, sub-Saharan Africa is a good


id: confessions-of-an-eco-warrior-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confessions_of_an_Eco-Warrior-0.md
category: reference
title: Confessions of an Eco-Warrior
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confessions_of_an_Eco-Warrior
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:22.905554+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: confessions-of-an-eco-warrior-20260505-0
summary:
Confessions of an Eco-Warrior is a book written in 1991 by Dave Foreman. == About == Dave Foreman was the New Mexico lobbyist for The Wilderness Society in the 1970s. Disillusioned by the lack of progress in safeguarding the environment in the United States, particularly after a wilderness inventory by the United States Forest Service known as RARE II (Roadless Area Review and Evaluation), he was a co-founder of the environmental organization known as Earth First! (EF) in the 1980s. EF originally mixed innovative publicity, such as rolling a plastic "crack" down Glen Canyon Dam, with far-reaching wilderness proposals that went far beyond what the mainstream environmental groups were willing to advocate, and with conservation biology research from a biocentric perspective. Later however, after about 1987, EF became primarily associated with non-violent direct action activities. Foreman took his inspiration for Earth First! from Edward Abbey's book The Monkey Wrench Gang which is a fictional account of a gang of four individuals who take on a pointless yet deeply symbolic effort to destroy and thus halt the machines of human expansion and putative "progress" in the American Southwest. In 1989 Foreman was implicated in the FBI conspiracy known as THERMCON wherein


id: the-consumer-s-guide-to-effective-environmental-choices-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Consumer's_Guide_to_Effective_Environmental_Choices-0.md
category: reference
title: The Consumer's Guide to Effective Environmental Choices
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Consumer's_Guide_to_Effective_Environmental_Choices
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:24.135113+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-consumer-s-guide-to-effective-environmental-choices-20260505-0
summary:
The Consumer's Guide to Effective Environmental Choices: Practical Advice from the Union of Concerned Scientists is a handbook printed by the nonprofit environmental group Union of Concerned Scientists. In accordance with UCS's pledge to provide scientifically sound and nonbiased solutions to environmental problems, this book's main goal is to debunk myths associated with the environmental movement and reinforce realistic ways in which the average citizen can do his or her part in conservation. The back cover of the book reads: "Paper or plastic? Bus or car? Old house or new? Cloth diapers or disposables? Some choices have a huge impact on the environment; others are of negligible importance. To those of us who care about our quality of life and what is happening to the earth, this is a vastly important issue. In these pages, the Union of Concerned Scientists help inform consumers about everyday decisions that significantly affect the environment. For example, a few major decisions such as the choice of a house or vehicle have such a disproportionately large effect on the environment that minor environmental infractions shrink by comparison. This book identifies the 4 Most Significant Consumer Related Environmental Problems, 7 Most Damaging Categories, 11 Priority Actions,


id: a-contract-with-the-earth-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Contract_with_the_Earth-0.md
category: reference
title: A Contract with the Earth
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Contract_with_the_Earth
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:25.283791+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: a-contract-with-the-earth-20260505-0
summary:
A Contract with the Earth is a book by Newt Gingrich and Terry L. Maple, with a foreword by E. O. Wilson. Its title is derived from a 10-point "contract" the authors put forward in the book. == Synopsis == A Contract with the Earth is, broadly, a manifesto that challenges those on the right to provide a strategy for repairing the planet and calls on the government to embrace the concept that a healthy environment is required for a healthy democracy and economy. This approach, alternately branded mainstream and entrepreneurial environmentalism by the authors, requires that companies should lead the way in environmental issues while governments provide them with incentives to reduce their carbon footprint. With its 10 "commandments", A Contract with the Earth calls for politicians to abandon adversarial politics and for business and conservationists to form compatible partnerships. In one of the book's themes, Gingrich and Maple argue that environmental efforts shouldn't be exclusive to one political philosophy and reject the idea that free enterprise and a cleaner world are opposing forces. The book generated a storm of media attention in late 2007 and early 2008 as the U.S. presidential campaign began to heat up. Gingrich in


id: the-control-of-nature-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Control_of_Nature-0.md
category: reference
title: The Control of Nature
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Control_of_Nature
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:26.482917+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-control-of-nature-20260505-0
summary:
The Control of Nature is a 1989 nonfiction book by John McPhee that chronicles three attempts to control natural processes that had varying success. The book combines three long essays previously published in The New Yorker: "Atchafalaya", "Cooling the Lava", and "Los Angeles Against the Mountains". These respectively describe the Old River Control Structure regulating inflow to the Atchafalaya River; the Eldfell volcanic eruption of 1973; and debris flow from the San Gabriel Mountains. == Background == In 1980, McPhee traveled with his daughter on a canoe trip on the Atchafalaya River due to her fascination with the novelist Walker Percy. He had conversations with natives about the efforts made by the Army Corps of Engineers in monitoring riverflow in the area. In Vicksburg, Mississippi, a man recommended to McPhee that he research the efforts being undergone to control the debris sliding down from mountains into Los Angeles. When he visited California, a geologist informed him about lava in Iceland. The book's title is derived from a sign on the engineering building at the University of Wyoming. Though he believes nature will win, "my book is not an editorial," McPhee said. "It is a description of people defying nature. They


id: cool-it-the-skeptical-environmentalist-s-guide-to-global-warming-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_It:_The_Skeptical_Environmentalist's_Guide_to_Global_Warming-0.md
category: reference
title: Cool It: The Skeptical Environmentalist's Guide to Global Warming
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_It:_The_Skeptical_Environmentalist's_Guide_to_Global_Warming
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:27.609470+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cool-it-the-skeptical-environmentalist-s-guide-to-global-warming-20260505-0
summary:
Cool It: The Skeptical Environmentalist's Guide to Global Warming is a book by Danish statistician Bjørn Lomborg. It is a sequel to The Skeptical Environmentalist (first published in Danish in 1998), which in English translation brought the author to international attention. In Cool It, Lomborg argues his view that many negative impacts of climate change are overstated, and mitigation approaches are expensive and have poor return on investment; he instead proposes alternative solutions. The book was adapted into a 2010 documentary film of the same name. Released amid a period of public debate over global warming, reception for the book was mixed. Howard Friel wrote a book-length response called The Lomborg Deception which challenges its veracity. == Content == In Cool It, Lomborg argues his view that many of the elaborate and expensive actions being considered to stop global warming will cost hundreds of billions of dollars without the same return on investment, often are based on emotional rather than strictly scientific assumptions, and may have very little impact on the world's temperature for centuries. He attempts to dispel what he views as climate change "myths", arguing that it is too soon to say if Greenland's ice is melting, and


id: cradle-to-cradle-remaking-the-way-we-make-things-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle_to_Cradle:_Remaking_the_Way_We_Make_Things-0.md
category: reference
title: Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle_to_Cradle:_Remaking_the_Way_We_Make_Things
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:28.768651+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: cradle-to-cradle-remaking-the-way-we-make-things-20260505-0
summary:
Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things is a 2002 non-fiction book by German chemist Michael Braungart and US architect William McDonough. It is a manifesto detailing how to achieve their Cradle to Cradle Design model. It calls for a radical change in industry: a switch from a cradle-to-grave pattern to a cradle-to-cradle pattern. It suggests that the "reduce reuse recycle" methods perpetuate this cradle-to-grave strategy, and that more changes need to be made. The book discourages downcycling, but rather encourages the manufacture of products with the goal of upcycling in mind. This vision of upcycling is based on a system of "lifecycle development" initiated by Braungart and colleagues at the Environmental Protection Encouragement Agency in the 1990s: after products have reached the end of their useful life, they become either "biological nutrients" or "technical nutrients". Biological nutrients are materials that can re-enter the environment. Technical nutrients are materials that remain within closed-loop industrial cycles. The book uses historical examples such as the Industrial Revolution along with commentary on science, nature, and society. == Background == William McDonough and Michael Braungart met at an Environmental Protection Encouragement Agency reception in New York City. They began discussing toxicity and


id: dammed-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dammed-0.md
category: reference
title: Dammed
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dammed
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:31.084227+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: dammed-20260505-0
summary:
Dammed: The Politics of Loss and Survival in Anishinaabe Territory is a 2020 book by Brittany Luby, associate professor of history at the University of Guelph. The book charts the impacts of the damming of the Winnipeg River in the Lake of the Woods region on the local Anishinaabe population, focusing in particular on the Dalles 38C reserve located downstream from Kenora, Ontario. == Contents == Luby, drawing on both archival and oral sources, presents the history of the local Anishinaabe population at the Dalles 38C from the second half of the twentieth century, when the Winnipeg River was first dammed at Kenora to power a paper and pulp mill, through to the 1960s, when the construction of the Whitedog Falls hydroelectric generating station further upstream was completed. Luby argues that even after settler-colonial encroachment the Anishinaabe were socially and economically sustainable at Dalles 38C; however, the damming of the Winnipeg River, seen as key to the modernization of Kenora and Ontario, degraded the local environment and undermined the local Anishinaabe society. The book first charts the ways in which colonial authorities undermined Anishinaabe riparian rights, which appear to have been enshrined in Treaty 3, in order to proceed with


id: the-death-of-nature-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Death_of_Nature-0.md
category: reference
title: The Death of Nature
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Death_of_Nature
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:32.189774+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-death-of-nature-20260505-0
summary:
The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology and the Scientific Revolution is a 1980 book by historian Carolyn Merchant. It is one of the first books to explore the Scientific Revolution through the lenses of feminism and ecology. It can be seen as an example of feminist utopian literature of the late 1970s. The author investigates how a historic shift away from seeing Earth as a living organism, and towards seeing it as a machine, was consequently used to justify the domination of both nature and women. Through the exploration of images and metaphors directly linking nature and women, and changing attitudes towards science and technology, the book purports that what was once a need to exercise constraint transformed into a permission for control and exploitation. The Death of Nature contributed to the development of ecofeminism in the United States in the 1980s, alongside works by authors such as Margot Adler, Mary Daly, Susan Griffin, Charlene Spretnak and Starhawk. It has had a noted impact in the fields of environmental history, philosophy, and feminism for its "unprecedented scholarly attention" to the historical linkages between the feminization of nature and the naturalization of women. == References ==


id: the-deniers-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Deniers-0.md
category: reference
title: The Deniers
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Deniers
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:33.361574+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-deniers-20260505-0
summary:
The Deniers is a 2008 book by Lawrence Solomon. Subtitled "The world-renowned scientists who stood up against global warming hysteria, political persecution, and fraud," the book draws attention to a number of scientists and others who, according to Solomon, have advanced arguments against what he calls the "alarmist" view of global warming, as presented by Al Gore, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the mainstream media, and others. The book is based on a series of columns Solomon wrote for Canada's National Post. It has been criticized for misquoting the scientists it featured. == Background == Solomon states that, as an environmentalist and active member of the Canadian environmental, anti-nuclear, activist organization Energy Probe, he did not originally question the mainstream opinion on global warming or views that climate change deniers who reject the scientific consensus were paid shills of the Energy Lobby. Solomon, however, states that he was aware, based on his experiences opposing nuclear power during the 1970s that it was possible, "that scientists with integrity can hold unconventional and unpopular views," by dissenting with the conventional wisdom of the day. Solomon states that at a dinner in 2004, his friend and fellow environmentalist Norm Rubin remarked


id: desert-solitaire-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_Solitaire-0.md
category: reference
title: Desert Solitaire
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_Solitaire
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:34.549236+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: desert-solitaire-20260505-0
summary:
Desert Solitaire: A Season in the Wilderness is an autobiographical work by American writer Edward Abbey, originally published in 1968. It is his fourth book and his first book-length non-fiction work. The book follows three fiction books: Jonathan Troy (1954), The Brave Cowboy (1956), and Fire on the Mountain (1962). Although it initially garnered little attention, Desert Solitaire was eventually recognized as an iconic work of nature writing and a staple of early environmentalist writing, bringing Abbey critical acclaim and popularity as a writer of environmental, political, and philosophical issues. Based on Abbey's activities as a park ranger at Arches National Monument (now Arches National Park) in the late 1950s, the book is often compared to Henry David Thoreau's Walden and Aldo Leopold's A Sand County Almanac. It is written as a series of vignettes about Abbey's experiences in the Colorado Plateau region of the desert Southwestern United States, ranging from vivid descriptions of the fauna, flora, geology, and human inhabitants of the area, to firsthand accounts of wilderness exploration and river running, to a polemic against development and excessive tourism in the national parks, to stories of the author's work with a search and rescue team to pull a


id: desert-solitaire-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_Solitaire-1.md
category: reference
title: Desert Solitaire
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_Solitaire
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:34.549236+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: desert-solitaire-20260505-0
summary:
Desert Solitaire is a collection of treatises and autobiographical excerpts describing Abbey's experiences as a park ranger and wilderness enthusiast in 1956 and 1957. The opening chapters, First Morning and Solitaire, focus on the author's experiences arriving at and creating a life within Arches National Monument. In this early period the park is relatively undeveloped: road access and camping facilities are basic, and there is a low volume of tourist traffic. Many of the book's chapters are studies of the animals, plants, geography, and climate of the region around Arches National Monument. Cliffrose and Bayonets and Serpents of Paradise focus on Abbey's descriptions of the fauna and flora of the Arches area, respectively, and his observations of the already deteriorating balance of biodiversity in the desert due to the pressures of human settlement in the region. Abbey provides detailed inventories and observations of the life of desert plants, and their unique adaptations to their harsh surroundings, including the cliffrose, juniper, pinyon pine, and sand sage. He comments on the decline of the large desert predators, particularly bobcats, coyotes, mountain lions, and wildcats, and criticizes the roles ranchers and the policies of the Department of Agriculture have had in the elimination


id: desert-solitaire-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_Solitaire-2.md
category: reference
title: Desert Solitaire
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_Solitaire
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:34.549236+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: desert-solitaire-20260505-0
summary:
== Themes and style == Desert Solitaire depicts Abbey's preoccupation with the deserts of the American Southwest. He describes how the desert affects society and more specifically the individual on a multifaceted, sensory level. Many of the ideas and themes drawn out in the book are contradictory. For example: Abbey is dogmatically opposed in various sections to modernity that alienates man from their natural environment and spoils the desert landscapes, and yet at various points relies completely on modern contrivances to explore and live in the desert. Additionally, he expresses his deep and abiding respect for all forms of life in his philosophy, but describes unflinchingly his contempt for the cattle he herds in the canyons, and in another scene he remorselessly stones a rabbit, angry about rabbits' overabundance in the desert. Similarly, he remarks that he hates ants and plunges his walking stick into an ant hill for no reason other than to make the ants mad. However, Abbey deliberately highlights many of the paradoxes and comments on them in his final chapter, particularly in regard to his conception of the desert landscape itself. He introduces the desert as "the flaming globe, blazing on the pinnacles and minarets and


id: desert-solitaire-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_Solitaire-3.md
category: reference
title: Desert Solitaire
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_Solitaire
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:34.549236+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: desert-solitaire-20260505-0
summary:
There may be some among the readers of this book, like the earnest engineer, who believe without question that any and all forms of construction and development are intrinsic goods, in the national parks as well as anywhere else, who virtually identify quantity with quality and therefore assume that the greater the quantity of traffic, the higher the value received. There are some who frankly and boldly advocate the eradication of the last remnants of wilderness and the complete subjugation of nature to the requirements of – not man – but industry. This is a courageous view, admirable in its simplicity and power, and with the weight of all modern history behind it. It is also quite insane. I cannot attempt to deal with it here. Another example of this for Abbey is the tragedy of the commons: A civilization which destroys what little remains of the wild, the spare, the original, is cutting itself off from its origins and betraying the principle of civilization itself. If industrial man continues to multiply its numbers and expand his operations he will succeed in his apparent intention, to seal himself off from the natural and isolate himself within a synthetic prison of


id: desert-solitaire-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_Solitaire-4.md
category: reference
title: Desert Solitaire
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_Solitaire
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:34.549236+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: desert-solitaire-20260505-0
summary:
A man could be a lover and defender of the wilderness without ever in his lifetime leaving the boundaries of asphalt, power lines, and right-angled surfaces. We need wilderness whether or not we ever set foot in it. We need a refuge even though we may never need to go there. I may never in my life go to Alaska, for example, but I am grateful that it is there. We need the possibility of escape as surely as we need hope; without it the life of the cities would drive all men into crime or drugs or psychoanalysis. The wilderness is equal to freedom for Abbey, it is what separates him from others and allows him to have his connection with the planet. But he wants others to have the same freedom. His only request is that they cut their strings first. When Abbey is lounging in his chair in 110-degree heat at Arches and observes that the mountains are snow-capped and crystal clear, it shows what nature provides: one extreme is able to counter another. That a median can be found, and that pleasure and comfort can be found between the rocks and hard places: "The knowledge that


id: diet-for-a-new-america-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_for_a_New_America-0.md
category: reference
title: Diet for a New America
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_for_a_New_America
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:35.817127+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: diet-for-a-new-america-20260505-0
summary:
Diet for a New America is a 1987 book by John Robbins. The book links the impacts of factory farming on human health, animal welfare and the environment, in an "animal-rights, pro-environment, vegetarian message." In 1991, KCET produced it as the documentary, Diet for a New America: Your Health, Your Planet. == Critical reception == Colman McCarthy and Cleveland Amory compared Diet for a New America to Rachel Carson's 1962 book Silent Spring. In an editorial for The Washington Post and Finger Lakes Times McCarthy writes: "Robbins has written a book that is the pioneering match of Aldo Leopold's Sand County Almanac, John Rawls' A Theory of Justice, and Rachel Carson's Silent Spring." Marian Burros of The New York Times writes: "Much of what Mr. Robbins has to say about diet in this country is unremarkable: we eat too much meat and dairy products. Much of what Mr. Robbins has to say about the inhumane treatment of animals on factory farms is correct. But Mr. Robbins undermines his case by exaggerating; facts mix with factoids and anecdotes." In 1990, the Phil Donahue Show featured celebrities and John Robbins talking about vegetarianism and Diet for a New America. == Influence ==


id: the-dirty-energy-dilemma-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dirty_Energy_Dilemma-0.md
category: reference
title: The Dirty Energy Dilemma
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dirty_Energy_Dilemma
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:36.950087+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-dirty-energy-dilemma-20260505-0
summary:
The Dirty Energy Dilemma: What’s Blocking Clean Power in the United States is a 2008 book by academic Benjamin K. Sovacool, published by Praeger. In the book, Sovacool explores problems with the current U.S. electricity system and ways to overcome them. == Synopsis == In the first part of the book, Sovacool explores the problems with the current system of large-scale electricity generation being used in the United States, powered by fossil fuels and nuclear power reactors. He identifies "The Big Four Energy Challenges" as rising fossil fuel costs, increasing pollution, inefficient and brittle transmission networks, as well as widespread system vulnerability to natural disasters, sabotage, and financial manipulations. "The Big Four Clean Solutions" of renewable energy, efficient energy use, distributed generation, and combined heat and power will do a better job of providing needed energy while protecting consumers and the planet. Sovacool suggests that the barriers to clean energy adoption are institutional, not technological, and he sees no role for nuclear power in a clean energy transition. == Award == The Dirty Energy Dilemma won a 2009 Nautilus Silver Award for Best Book in the "Ecology/Environment/Sustainability/Green Values" category. == See also == Alternative Energy: Political, Economic, and Social Feasibility


id: do-glaciers-listen-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_Glaciers_Listen-0.md
category: reference
title: Do Glaciers Listen?
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_Glaciers_Listen?
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:38.114081+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: do-glaciers-listen-20260505-0
summary:
Do Glaciers Listen? Local Knowledge, Colonial Encounters, and Social Imagination is a 2005 book by Canadian anthropologist Julie Cruikshank. Focusing on the Mount Saint Elias region where Alaska, the Yukon, and British Columbia meet, Cruikshank highlights the physical and cultural changes of the region by examining glaciers. The late stages of the Little Ice Age brought about significant physical changes to glaciers in the region, and Cruikshank examines the cosmologies and interpretations of both local Indigenous populations - in particular the Tlingit and Athapaskan peoples - and European explorers who began entering the region at that time. == Awards == Do Glaciers Listen won the 2006 Vic Turner Prize in Ethnographic Writing from the Society for Humanistic Anthropology; the 2006 Clio Prize (North) from the Canadian Historical Association; and the 2006 Julian Steward Award from the American Anthropological Association. == References ==


id: driving-the-future-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driving_the_Future-0.md
category: reference
title: Driving the Future
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driving_the_Future
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:39.274041+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: driving-the-future-20260505-0
summary:
Driving the Future: Combating Climate Change with Cleaner, Smarter Cars is the first book of Margo T. Oge, who served as the director of the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Transportation and Air Quality from 1994 to 2012. The book covers climate science, politics, regulations, auto technology and proposes how to meet greenhouse gas reduction goals. The book combines primary source research, Oge's first-hand knowledge of events and dozens of interviews with technical, environmental, regulatory, policy and legal experts. It is organized into three sections. == Section 1 == In the first, Oge reviews the origins of climate change theory dating back to the 1800s and the politicization of climate change-related issues beginning in the 1980s. == Section 2 == The second section details an ultimately successful effort to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from passenger vehicles. This effort resulted in changes to both Corporate Average Fuel Economy and, under the authority of the EPA, established the first ever federal greenhouse gas standards. As a result of these rules, manufacturers' fleets must average 54.5 mpg by 2025. The Economist magazine ranked them as the sixth most effective international action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. == Section 3 == The third section


id: eaarth-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eaarth-0.md
category: reference
title: Eaarth
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eaarth
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:40.604359+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: eaarth-20260505-0
summary:
Eaarth: Making a Life on a Tough New Planet is a book written by Bill McKibben, published by Henry Holt and Company in 2010. In the opening chapter, McKibben presents an array of facts and statistics about climate change that are already visible, supported by extensive footnotes. In the second and third chapters, McKibben lays out his analysis of how we have arrived at the current situation, and conveys genuine sorrow as he explains how the drive for economic growth based on hydrocarbons since the 1970s has led the planet to the point of breakdown. In a review of the book, British economist Nicholas Stern suggests that there is no doubting McKibben’s sincerity and his ability to communicate the significant risks which humanity faces. According to Stern, his "overall thesis that we are already seeing widespread effects of climate change is sound and supported by much robust scientific evidence". Stern says McKibben is too pessimistic when it comes to the recent advances in avoiding even bigger changes to the climate by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. == References ==


id: earth-from-the-air-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_from_the_Air-0.md
category: reference
title: Earth from the Air
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_from_the_Air
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:42.952637+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: earth-from-the-air-20260505-0
summary:
Earth from the Air is a popular collection of environmental photographs taken from the air by Yann Arthus-Bertrand. They have been published in a number of books together with text describing environmental concerns related to the photographs. Large format versions of many of the photographs have also been exhibited in various cities. In London they were on display outside the Natural History Museum; and were subsequently exhibited outside City Hall for most of 2005, together with a giant world map on the ground showing where each photograph was taken. == References == == External links == Earth from the Air "Earth from the Air displayed in Sofia, Bulgaria". Radio Bulgaria. 20 September 2007. Archived from the original on 6 November 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-03.


id: earth-in-the-balance-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_in_the_Balance-0.md
category: reference
title: Earth in the Balance
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_in_the_Balance
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:44.124819+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: earth-in-the-balance-20260505-0
summary:
Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit (ISBN 0-452-26935-0, paperback ISBN 1-85383-743-1) is a 1992 book written by Al Gore, published in June 1992, shortly before he was elected Vice President in the 1992 presidential election. Known by the short title Earth in the Balance, the book explains the world's ecological predicament and describes a range of policies to deal with the most pressing problems. It includes a proposed "Global Marshall Plan" to address current ecological issues. Written while his son was recovering from a serious accident, Earth in the Balance became the first book written by a sitting U.S. Senator to make the New York Times bestseller list since John F. Kennedy's 1956 Profiles in Courage. In 1993, Earth in the Balance was released in paperback and audiobook format on audio cassette tape. It received the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights 1993 Book award given annually to a book that "most faithfully and forcefully reflects Robert Kennedy's purposes - his concern for the poor and the powerless, his struggle for honest and even-handed justice, his conviction that a decent society must assure all young people a fair chance, and his faith that a


id: the-earth-transformed-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Earth_Transformed-0.md
category: reference
title: The Earth Transformed
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Earth_Transformed
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:45.240323+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-earth-transformed-20260505-0
summary:
The Earth Transformed: An Untold History is a 2023 non-fiction book by English historian Peter Frankopan. It discusses the interactions between human societies and the environment throughout history. Frankopan argues that droughts, volcanic eruptions, the Little Ice Age, Medieval Warm Period and contemporary climate change impacted and coincided with societal change, such as the Classic Maya collapse and expansion of the Mongol Empire. Walter Scheidel gave the book a positive review in Financial Times. The Times and Geographical also published positive reviews. Felipe Fernández-Armesto wrote a balanced review, while Geoff Mann critically reviewed the book. == References ==


id: ecodefense-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecodefense-0.md
category: reference
title: Ecodefense
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecodefense
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:46.410271+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ecodefense-20260505-0
summary:
Ecodefense: A Field Guide to Monkeywrenching is a book edited by Dave Foreman (and Bill Haywood in later editions), with a foreword by Edward Abbey. == Background == Much of the inspiration for the book, as well as the term "monkeywrenching", came from Edward Abbey's 1975 novel The Monkey Wrench Gang. Other inspiration for the book likely came from the 1972 book Ecotage!, which was published by the group Environmental Action and was in turn inspired by the actions of an activist in the Chicago, Illinois area who called himself "The Fox", and engaged in such vigilante actions to protect the environment as plugging smokestacks. The Fox named after the Fox River northwest of Chicago was an avid historical boater who educated and demonstrated Native American and early trapper fishing and boating techniques. The Fox was radicalized and became a founding mentor of the Earth Liberation Front movement after witnessing toxic dumping into the Fox River over decades which polluted the river to near-death. The Fox became infamous after dumping a bucket of said toxic waste upon the desk of a Stone Container Corporation executive in Chicago. The Fox was rumored also to plug drainage pipes from toxic industrial plants


id: ecological-imperialism-book-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_Imperialism_(book)-0.md
category: reference
title: Ecological Imperialism (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_Imperialism_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:47.595302+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ecological-imperialism-book-20260505-0
summary:
Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 is a 1986 book by environmental historian Alfred W. Crosby. The book builds on Crosby's earlier study, The Columbian Exchange, in which he described the complex global transfer of organisms that accompanied European colonial endeavors. In Ecological Imperialism, Crosby seeks to explain why European colonialists were successful in establishing settler societies in temperate regions around the globe. He argues that this was due principally to the "portmanteau biota" – disease microbes, weeds, domesticated plants, and animals – that accompanied Europeans, devastating local populations and significantly re-making local landscapes. The book advanced understandings of the environmental impacts of global colonialism and re-shaped understandings of the colonial experience itself, placing environmental factors at its center. Crosby introduced "ecological imperialism" as an explanatory concept that points out the contribution of European biological species such as animals, plants and pathogens in the success of European colonists. The book is considered a foundational text in the field of environmental history and has been influential in many other fields, including postcolonial studies. It was awarded the 1987 Ralph Waldo Emerson Award. == Contents == Crosby begins by pointing out that the populations of what he calls the "Neo-Europes"


id: ecological-imperialism-book-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_Imperialism_(book)-1.md
category: reference
title: Ecological Imperialism (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_Imperialism_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:47.595302+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ecological-imperialism-book-20260505-0
summary:
By 3,000 years ago, give or take a millennium or so, "superman,* the human of Old World civilization, had appeared on earth. He was not a figure with bulging muscles, nor necessarily with bulging forehead. He knew how to raise surpluses of food and fiber; he knew how to tame and exploit several species of animals; he knew how to use the wheel to spin out a thread or make a pot or move cumbersome weights; his fields were plagued with thistles and his granaries with rodents; he had sinuses that throbbed in wet weather, a recurring problem with dysentery, and enervating burden of worms, an impressive assortment of genetic and acquired adaptations to diseases anciently endemic to Old World civilizations, and an immune system of such experience and sophistication as to make him the template for all the humans who would be tempted or obliged to follow the path he pioneered some 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. == Legacy == Ecological Imperialism built directly on Crosby's earlier work on the Columbian exchange, with Crosby remarking that Ecological Imperialism "took The Columbian Exchange up another notch in scope and abstraction." It is part of a long scholarly legacy that helped


id: the-ecology-of-freedom-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ecology_of_Freedom-0.md
category: reference
title: The Ecology of Freedom
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ecology_of_Freedom
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:48.806600+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-ecology-of-freedom-20260505-0
summary:
The Ecology of Freedom: The Emergence and Dissolution of Hierarchy is a 1982 book by the American libertarian socialist and ecologist Murray Bookchin, in which the author describes his concept of social ecology, the idea that human social problems cause ecological problems and can be solved only by reorganizing society along ecological and ethical lines. The book is considered Bookchin's magnum opus, but it has also been criticized as utopian. == Summary == Bookchin is critical of the class-centered analysis of Marxism and simplistic anti-state forms of libertarianism and liberalism and wishes to present a more complex view of societies. Bookchin writes that, "My use of the word hierarchy in the subtitle of this work is meant to be provocative. There is a strong theoretical need to contrast hierarchy with the more widespread use of the words class and State; careless use of these terms can produce a dangerous simplification of social reality. To use the words hierarchy, class, and State interchangeably, as many social theorists do, is insidious and obscurantist. This practice, in the name of a "classless" or "libertarian" society, could easily conceal the existence of hierarchical relationships and a hierarchical sensibility, both of which – even in


id: the-ecology-of-freedom-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ecology_of_Freedom-1.md
category: reference
title: The Ecology of Freedom
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ecology_of_Freedom
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:48.806600+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-ecology-of-freedom-20260505-0
summary:
=== Other evaluations === The anarchist author Ulrike Heider described The Ecology of Freedom as "a utopian work" in which the "social and political reality of the past, present, and future are pretty much faded out and capitalism is neither mentioned nor criticized". Bookchin responded in The Raven: Anarchist Quarterly, calling Heider's criticism unethical and distorting his views. He described Heider's assertion that he does not criticize capitalism as a fabrication. The philosopher Steven Best described The Ecology of Freedom as a classic, writing in Organization & Environment that, of Bookchin's books, it is the one that best captures the themes of his work as a whole. He credited Bookchin with making an influential critique of "Marxist historical narratives"; he noted that the book also influenced feminism. He complimented Bookchin for his interpretation of history. However, writing in 1998, he noted that some of Bookchin's claims were controversial, and that "Bookchin has evolved beyond certain positions" taken in the book. Brian Tokar wrote in Capitalism Nature Socialism that while The Ecology of Freedom "received high praise", it was also considered a "utopian social criticism". The philosopher Andrew Light wrote that The Ecology of Freedom was "widely read by both theorists


id: ecology-can-we-survive-under-capitalism-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology:_Can_We_Survive_Under_Capitalism-0.md
category: reference
title: Ecology: Can We Survive Under Capitalism?
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology:_Can_We_Survive_Under_Capitalism?
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:49.948702+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ecology-can-we-survive-under-capitalism-20260505-0
summary:
Ecology: Can We Survive Under Capitalism? is a book by Gus Hall, published in 1972 by International Publishers. == Reception == The book received reviews from publications including Ecology Law Quarterly and Labour Monthly. A review from Labour Monthly written by John Moss stated that "A book on ecology written by the general secretary of a political party is an event in itself, and I cannot recall another, not in this country anyway… At a time when there are so many books about the effects of pollution, this one that explains so clearly its causes, and the root and branch cure of socialism is refreshingly welcome." == Book Description == "Pollution and environmental deterioration are often ascribed to the negative effects of science and technology, and remedies are seen only in that area. The Communist leader ascribes these new dangers of extinction basically to the unplanned, anarchic system of capitalism and to the profit motive of monopoly. He gives the discussion a class dimension, showing that workers suffer the most, both at the place of work and at home. While urging immediate remedies, he holds that socialism provides the solution, as show in the countries which have made the turn


id: the-economical-environmentalist-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economical_Environmentalist-0.md
category: reference
title: The Economical Environmentalist
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economical_Environmentalist
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:51.855399+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-economical-environmentalist-20260505-0
summary:
The Economical Environmentalist is a book by Prashant Vaze about the effects of climate change and what practical measures can be taken to reduce the amount of energy one consumes. It covers how best to save energy and points out contradictions such as "The one that particularly exasperates me is the “food miles” obsession, whereby we eschew tomatoes from Spain and roses flown in from Kenya, in favour of local products grown in a heated greenhouse with a far greater carbon footprint." In the book he compares the savings available for several real-world examples of people so one can see what changes are possible to make. == References ==


id: ecotage-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotage!-0.md
category: reference
title: Ecotage!
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotage!
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:53.662887+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: ecotage-20260505-0
summary:
Ecotage! was a 1972 paperback book edited by Sam Love and David Obst and published by Pocket Books. The book was a collection of ideas that had been solicited by the group Environmental Action over the previous year in preparation for the publication of the book, for using sabotage, attention-grabbing stunts, and other ideas to draw attention to environmental issues. "Ecotage" is a contraction of ecological (or economic) and sabotage. The cover of Ecotage! features a photograph of a hippie throwing a pie in the face of a business executive. The book is credited as one of the early inspirations for radical environmental activism, along with similar works such as Edward Abbey's 1975 novel The Monkey Wrench Gang. The book was inspired by the actions of an individual who operated in the Chicago, Illinois area. Calling himself "The Fox", he engaged in such activities as plugging smokestacks and entering the offices of corporate executives to dump sewage on their desks. In turn, some of the actions suggested in Ecotage! actually began to be carried out, particularly billboarding, when small groups in the early 1970s such as the one calling themselves the "Eco-Raiders" in Tucson, Arizona, began cutting down billboards. The


id: the-edge-of-the-sea-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Edge_of_the_Sea-0.md
category: reference
title: The Edge of the Sea
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Edge_of_the_Sea
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:54.797244+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-edge-of-the-sea-20260505-0
summary:
The Edge of the Sea is a best-selling book by the American marine biologist Rachel Carson, first published as a whole by Houghton Mifflin in 1955. The third and final volume of her sea trilogy, The Edge of the Sea, is a scientifically accurate exploration of the ecology of the Eastern Seaboard. == Description == The Edge of the Sea was a passion project for Carson. While working for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, she had the idea of creating a field guide of the Atlantic seashore. The editor-in-chief of Houghton Mifflin, Paul Brooks, had a similar idea following the literary fame achieved by The Sea Around Us, and The Edge of the Sea was released on October 26, 1955. A scientifically accurate exploration of the ecology of Atlantic seashore, The Edge of the Sea is an account of what one could find at the literal edge of the sea. Within The Edge of the Sea, Carson details her explorations with accounts of a tide pool, an inaccessible cave, and the instance of a lone crab on the shore at midnight. Each is a memorable encounter and works to explore life on the edge of the sea. Aided


id: encounters-with-the-archdruid-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encounters_with_the_Archdruid-0.md
category: reference
title: Encounters with the Archdruid
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encounters_with_the_Archdruid
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:56.001549+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: encounters-with-the-archdruid-20260505-0
summary:
Encounters with the Archdruid (1971) is a narrative nonfiction book by author John McPhee. Encounters is split into three parts, each covering environmentalist David Brower's confrontations with his ideological enemies. The book chronicles his struggles against miners, developers and finally the United States Bureau of Reclamation. McPhee blends traditional journalism – the reporting of facts and accounting of events – with thematic elements more common to fiction. The book was generally well received in the popular press and became an enduring part of the portrait of David Brower. == Synopsis == While notionally a profile of Brower, Encounters is broken into three sections. The first chronicles Brower's conflict with Charles Park, a mineral engineer hoping to find and exploit mineral reserves in Glacier Peak Wilderness. Charles Park is portrayed as calculating and pragmatic, unwilling to foreclose real economic value from current generations in order to leave the environment pristine for future generations. This pragmatic view is starkly contrasted with Brower's insistence that "I believe in wilderness for itself alone". McPhee facilitates or observes the dialogue between these two contrasted figures as he does for the other two sections in the book. The second section introduces Charles Fraser, a real estate


id: the-end-of-nature-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_End_of_Nature-0.md
category: reference
title: The End of Nature
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_End_of_Nature
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:38:58.354647+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-end-of-nature-20260505-0
summary:
The End of Nature is a book written by Bill McKibben, published by Random House in 1989. It has been called the first book on global warming written for a general audience. McKibben had thought that simply stating the problem would provoke people to action. == Premise == He describes nature as a force previously independent of human beings but now directly affected by the actions of people. "If the waves crash up against the beach, eroding dunes and destroying homes, it is not the awesome power of Mother Nature. It is the awesome power of Mother Nature as altered by the awesome power of man, who has overpowered in a century the processes that have been slowly evolving and changing of their own accord since the earth was born." He offers two paths forward: "The Defiant Reflex" or a "more humble" way of living. == References ==


id: the-end-of-the-line-book-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_End_of_the_Line_(book)-0.md
category: reference
title: The End of the Line (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_End_of_the_Line_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:00.725578+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-end-of-the-line-book-20260505-0
summary:
The End of the Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World and What We Eat is a book by journalist Charles Clover about overfishing. It was made into a movie released in 2009 and was re-released with updates in 2017. Clover, a former environment editor of the Daily Telegraph and now a columnist on the Sunday Times, describes how modern fishing is destroying ocean ecosystems. He concludes that current worldwide fish consumption is unsustainable. The book provides details about overfishing in many of the world's critical ocean habitats, such as the New England fishing grounds, west African coastlines, the European North Atlantic fishing grounds, and the ocean around Japan. The book concludes with suggestions on how the nations of the world could engage in sustainable ocean fishing. == Synopsis ==


id: the-end-of-the-line-book-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_End_of_the_Line_(book)-1.md
category: reference
title: The End of the Line (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_End_of_the_Line_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:00.725578+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-end-of-the-line-book-20260505-0
summary:
Fishing is occurring at an unsustainable rate. Technological advances, political indecisiveness, and commercial interests in the fishing industry have produced a culture where fish stocks are being exploited beyond their capacity to regenerate. Commercial fish may become extinct within our lifetimes. Official figures of global fish stocks have been wrong for several years. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reported that the quantity of wild fish caught had increased from 44 million tons in 1950, to 88 million tons in 1990 and 104 million tons in 2000. These figures were official even though the FAO knew they were false, that the catch was actually decreasing. In 1997, the Grand Banks cod fisheries of Newfoundland, Canada, had collapsed. Seventy-five percent of all fisheries were either fully exploited or overfished. Critically endangered species of fish are still allowed to be fished. For example, the bluefin tuna stock is equivalent to the black rhino. However, it is still being illegally caught and sold. Furthermore, there is even an oversupply problem in the current market as technological innovations have allowed entire schools of bluefin tuna to be caught at the same time. In Spain, the catch of bluefish tuna has exponentially decreased:


id: the-end-of-the-line-book-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_End_of_the_Line_(book)-2.md
category: reference
title: The End of the Line (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_End_of_the_Line_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:00.725578+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-end-of-the-line-book-20260505-0
summary:
In order for intensive fishing to occur, 50% of the ocean must be protected so that marine life can be sustained. However, marine reserves are not only an environmental solution, they are cultural treasures that can also generate revenue. In the Great Island Marine Reserve of New Zealand, 1370 acres of water are protected. The largest snappers there are eight times larger than those outside the reserve and 14 times more numerous. Recreational fishing must be better managed along with industrial fishing. The contemporary angler is equipped with technology such as sonar, fish finders, and global positioning systems. As a consequence, they are taking more fish. Although anglers are more cautious than industrial fisherman, the amount of fish they take is growing. The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) is an agency that gives an independent certification of sustainability to fisheries. It has three stringent criteria: the fishery must not be overfishing, the fishery must maintain the ecosystem of the fish, the fishery must operate in accordance with local, national, and international law. All fish filets served by McDonald's are MSC certified, with more large stores to follow. Fish farming is the process of growing fish in an artificial environment. The traditional


id: the-end-of-the-line-book-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_End_of_the_Line_(book)-3.md
category: reference
title: The End of the Line (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_End_of_the_Line_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:00.725578+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-end-of-the-line-book-20260505-0
summary:
== Reviews == University of British Columbia Professor of Fisheries Daniel Pauly, reviewing the book for the Times Higher Education Supplement, praised the book: "It is entertaining, outrageous and a must-read for anyone who cares about the sea and its denizens, or even about our supply of seafood." The British newspaper The Independent called it "persuasive and desperately disturbing," "the maritime equivalent of Silent Spring". Although widely reviewed in the United Kingdom, the book received little attention in the United States. However, it was featured on the cover of National Geographic. == Film adaptation == The book was made into a documentary film of the same name in 2009. The film examines the threatening extinction of the bluefin tuna, caused by increasing demand for sushi; the impact on populations, marine life and climate resulting from an imbalance in marine populations; and the starvation and hunger in coastal populations, caused by the possible extinction of fish in some waters, the possible loss of livelihoods as experienced in Newfoundland and Labrador following the collapse of the cod population, along with the potential remedies. The film was shot over two years at locations in England, Alaska, Senegal, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Nova Scotia, Malta


id: endemic-bird-areas-of-the-world-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemic_Bird_Areas_of_the_World-0.md
category: reference
title: Endemic Bird Areas of the World
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemic_Bird_Areas_of_the_World
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:01.887207+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: endemic-bird-areas-of-the-world-20260505-0
summary:
Endemic Bird Areas of the World: Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation represents an effort to document in detail the endemic biodiversity conservation importance of the world's Endemic Bird Areas. The authors are Alison J. Stattersfield, Michael J. Crosby, Adrian J. Long, and David C. Wege, with a foreword by Queen Noor of Jordan. Endemic Bird Areas of the World: Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation contains 846 pages, and is a 1998 publication by Birdlife International, No. 7 in their Birdlife Conservation Series. == Six Introductory Sections == The book has six introductory sections: "Biodiversity and Priority setting" "Identifying Endemic Bird Areas" "Global Analyses" "The Prioritization of Endemic Bird Areas" "The Conservation Relevance of Endemic Bird Areas" "Endemic Bird Areas as Targets for Conservation Action" == Six Regional Introductions == These are then followed by six Regional Introductions, in which Endemic Bird Areas are grouped into six major regions: North and Central America South America Africa, Europe, and the Middle East Continental Asia South-east Asian Islands, New Guinea and Australia Pacific Islands == Endemic Bird Areas == The bulk of the book consists of accounts of each of the 218 Endemic Bird Areas. Each account contains the following information: summary statistics about the


id: energy-and-american-society-thirteen-myths-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_and_American_Society:_Thirteen_Myths-0.md
category: reference
title: Energy and American Society: Thirteen Myths
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_and_American_Society:_Thirteen_Myths
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:03.024288+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: energy-and-american-society-thirteen-myths-20260505-0
summary:
Energy and American Society: Thirteen Myths is a 2007 book about energy security and climate change, edited by Benjamin K. Sovacool and Marilyn A. Brown. The book is suitable for both technical and non-technical audiences since it is written in plain English and is "easily digested by anyone with a rudimentary background or interest in energy economics". == Thirteen myths == The book discusses and presents counter-arguments to thirteen propositions concerning American culture, energy, the environment, and society: Myth One – Today's Energy Crisis is "Hype" Myth Two – The Public is Well Informed About Energy Myth Three – High Land Requirements and an Unfavorable Energy Balance Preclude Biomass Ethanol from Playing a Large Role in Providing Energy Services Myth Four – The Hydrogen Economy is a Panacea to the Nation's Energy Problems Myth Five – Price Signals are Insufficient to Induce Efficient Energy Investments Myth Six – The Barriers to New and Innovative Energy Technologies are Primarily Technical: The Case of Distributed Generation Myth Seven – Renewable Energy Systems Could Never Meet Growing Electricity Demand in America Myth Eight – Worldwide Power Systems are Economically and Environmentally Optimal Myth Nine – Energy Efficiency Improvements have Already Reached their Potential


id: energy-victory-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_Victory-0.md
category: reference
title: Energy Victory
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_Victory
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:04.238137+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: energy-victory-20260505-0
summary:
Energy Victory: Winning the War on Terror by Breaking Free of Oil is a 2007 book by Robert Zubrin. Zubrin's central argument is that the decisive front in the war on terror is America's struggle for energy independence. He outlines the manner in which Islamic extremism has been financed by oil revenues, the technological feasibility of ethanol-fueled vehicles as well as the economic and agricultural imperatives for ethanol production, and the environmental implications of his plan. == Synopsis == === Problem === Zubrin contends that OPEC nations, particularly Saudi Arabia, have used their enormous oil wealth to fund Islamic extremism; in effect, the US is financing both sides of the war on terror. They have been able to do this through colluding to keep oil prices high. Due to its dependence on their oil, the United States (and the rest of the world) is powerless to do anything about this. === Flex-fuel mandate === The key to winning the war on terror, therefore, is to create a substitute for oil. Zubrin argues that a mandate that all new cars sold in the United States be flex-fueled (FFV, for Flex-Fuel Vehicle, able to run on gasoline, ethanol or methanol, or any


id: entropy-a-new-world-view-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy:_A_New_World_View-0.md
category: reference
title: Entropy: A New World View
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy:_A_New_World_View
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:05.403625+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: entropy-a-new-world-view-20260505-0
summary:
Entropy: A New World View is a non-fiction book by Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, with an Afterword by Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen. It was first published by Viking Press, New York in 1980 (ISBN 0-670-29717-8). A paperback edition was published by Bantam in 1981, in a paperback revised edition, by Bantam Books, in 1989 (ISBN 0-553-34717-9). The 1989 revised edition was titled: Entropy: Into the Greenhouse World (ISBN 978-0-553-34717-3). == Contents == In the book the authors analyze the world's economic and social structures by using the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The first and second law of thermodynamics — the second of which is known as the law of entropy — both deal with energy. The authors argue that technological nations are wasting resources such as fossil fuels and minerals at an increasing rate, which if unchecked will lead to the destruction of civilization, which has happened before on a smaller scale to past societies. The authors also argue that the societies wasting resources are exploiting the "Third World", now called "developing nations". The wasting of resources is a parallel to wasting energy in the laws of thermodynamics. The Book promotes the use of sustainable energy sources and slow


id: enviro-capitalists-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enviro-Capitalists-0.md
category: reference
title: Enviro-Capitalists
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enviro-Capitalists
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:06.583537+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: enviro-capitalists-20260505-0
summary:
Enviro-Capitalists: Doing Good While Doing Well is a 1997 book written by economists Terry L. Anderson and Donald R. Leal. In this book, Anderson and Leal further developed the concept of free-market environmentalism, which they first described in their 1992 book Free Market Environmentalism. The book argues that privatization of sectors like wildlife conservation, aquatic habitat development and environment-friendly housing is beneficial and environmental protection should be done by private entrepreneurs, not by the federal government. Enviro-Capitalists received the 1997 Choice Outstanding Academic Book Award. == Contents == The book is divided into nine chapters: Nature's Entrepreneurs Barons of Preservation Mavericks of Conservation The Business of Bambi Buy That Fish a Drink Eco-Developers Going Global Community Spirit The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly === Criticism of traditional environmentalism === Enviro-Capitalists claims that traditional environmentalists are driven by political opportunism. According to the book, major environmentalist organizations, most of them headquartered in Washington, DC, focus on politics, lobbying and fundraising, and people involved in these organizations spend their time in the United States Congress, not in the "wilds of nature". The book is critical of organizations like the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) and the World Wide Fund


id: environmental-principles-and-policies-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_Principles_and_Policies-0.md
category: reference
title: Environmental Principles and Policies
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_Principles_and_Policies
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:07.758804+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: environmental-principles-and-policies-20260505-0
summary:
Environmental Principles and Policies: An Interdisciplinary Introduction is a textbook written by Professor Sharon Beder. The book examines six environmental and social principles that have been used at the international and national level. It uses them to evaluate the new wave of market-based policy instruments that have been introduced in many countries. == Six principles == The six principles discussed in the book are: the sustainability principle the polluter pays principle the precautionary principle the equity principle the human rights principles the participation principle == Interdisciplinary approach == This book on environmental policy-making takes a critical and interdisciplinary approach. Rather than merely setting out policy options in a descriptive way, it evaluates policies from different perspectives. This enables readers to gain a thorough understanding of important principles and current policies, and also to be able to apply the various principles and critically evaluate them. == The author == Professor Beder was included in a list of "Australia's most influential engineers", published by Engineers Australia in 2004. She was also included in Bulletin Magazine's "Smart 100" in 2003. == See also == Sustainable development Environmental policy List of Australian environmental books == References == == External links == Review: Principled environmental


id: an-essay-on-the-principle-of-population-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population-0.md
category: reference
title: An Essay on the Principle of Population
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:08.939862+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: an-essay-on-the-principle-of-population-20260505-0
summary:
The book An Essay on the Principle of Population was first published anonymously in 1798, but the author was soon identified as Thomas Robert Malthus. The book warned of future difficulties, on an interpretation of the population increasing in geometric progression (so as to double every 25 years) while food production increased in an arithmetic progression, which would leave a difference resulting in the want of food and famine, unless birth rates decreased. While it was not the first book on population, Malthus's book fuelled debate about the size of the population in Britain and contributed to the passing of the Census Act 1800. This Act enabled the holding of a national census in England, Wales and Scotland, starting in 1801 and continuing every ten years to the present. The book's 6th edition (1826) was independently cited as a key influence by both Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in developing the theory of natural selection. A key portion of the book was dedicated to what is now known as the Malthusian Law of Population. The theory claims that growing population rates contribute to a rising supply of labour and inevitably lowers wages. In essence, Malthus feared that continued population


id: an-essay-on-the-principle-of-population-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population-1.md
category: reference
title: An Essay on the Principle of Population
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:08.939862+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: an-essay-on-the-principle-of-population-20260505-0
summary:
=== Proposed solutions === Malthus argued that two types of checks hold population within resource limits: The first, or preventive check to lower birth rates and The second, or positive check to permit higher mortality rates. This second check "represses an increase which is already begun" but by being "confined chiefly, though not perhaps solely, to the lowest orders of society". The preventive checks could involve birth control, postponement of marriage, and celibacy while the positive checks could involve hunger, disease and war. Malthus highlighted the difference between governmentally instituted welfare and privately supported benevolence and proposed a gradual abolition of poor laws which he thought would be accompanied by a mitigation of the circumstances within which people would need relief and by privately supported benevolence supporting those in distress. He reasoned that poor relief acted against the longer-term interests of the poor by raising the price of commodities and undermining the independence and resilience of the peasant. In other words, the poor laws tended to "create the poor which they maintain." It offended Malthus that critics claimed he lacked a caring attitude toward the situation of the poor. In the 1798 edition his concern for the poor shows in


id: an-essay-on-the-principle-of-population-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population-2.md
category: reference
title: An Essay on the Principle of Population
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:08.939862+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: an-essay-on-the-principle-of-population-20260505-0
summary:
The first great awakeners of the mind seem to be the wants of the body [...] They are the first stimulants that rouse the brain of infant man into sentient activity, and such seems to be the sluggishness of original matter that unless by a peculiar course of excitements other wants, equally powerful, are generated, these stimulants seem, even afterwards, to be necessary to continue that activity which they first awakened. Malthus's theory of mind, therefore, posited that "matter is formed into mind by the impressions and stimulations of nature upon the body and the ensuing perpetual struggle to avoid pain and pleasure". This naturalized conception of mind was omitted from all subsequent editions which was most likely due to the fact that Malthus's theory of mind was singled out for critique. === Demographics, wages, and inflation === Malthus wrote of the relationship between population, real wages, and inflation. When the population of laborers grows faster than the production of food, real wages fall because the growing population causes the cost of living (i.e., the cost of food) to go up. Difficulties of raising a family eventually reduce the rate of population growth, until the falling population again leads to


id: an-essay-on-the-principle-of-population-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population-3.md
category: reference
title: An Essay on the Principle of Population
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:08.939862+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: an-essay-on-the-principle-of-population-20260505-0
summary:
The only authors from whose writings I had deduced the principle, which formed the main argument of the Essay, were Hume, Wallace, Adam Smith, and Dr. Price... Chapters 1 and 2 outline Malthus' Principle of Population, and the unequal nature of food supply to population growth. The exponential nature of population growth is today known as the Malthusian growth model. This aspect of Malthus' Principle of Population, together with his assertion that food supply was subject to a linear growth model, would remain unchanged in future editions of his essay. Note that Malthus actually used the terms geometric and arithmetic, respectively. Chapter 3 examines the overrun of the Roman empire by barbarians, due to population pressure. War as a check on population is examined. Chapter 4 examines the current state of populousness of civilized nations (particularly Europe). Malthus criticises David Hume for a "probable error" in his "criteria that he proposes as assisting in an estimate of population." Chapter 5 examines The Poor Laws of Pitt the Younger. Chapter 6 examines the rapid growth of new colonies such as the former Thirteen Colonies of the United States of America. Chapter 7 examines checks on population such as pestilence and famine.


id: an-essay-on-the-principle-of-population-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population-4.md
category: reference
title: An Essay on the Principle of Population
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:08.939862+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: an-essay-on-the-principle-of-population-20260505-0
summary:
A man who is born into a world already possessed, if he cannot get subsistence from his parents on whom he has a just demand, and if the society do not want his labour, has no claim of right to the smallest portion of food, and, in fact, has no business to be where he is. At nature's mighty feast there is no vacant cover for him. She tells him to be gone, and will quickly execute her own orders, if he does not work upon the compassion of some of her guests. If these guests get up and make room for him, other intruders immediately appear demanding the same favour. The report of a provision for all that come, fills the hall with numerous claimants. The order and harmony of the feast is disturbed, the plenty that before reigned is changed into scarcity; and the happiness of the guests is destroyed by the spectacle of misery and dependence in every part of the hall, and by the clamorous importunity of those, who are justly enraged at not finding the provision which they had been taught to expect. The guests learn too late their error, in counter-acting those strict orders


id: an-essay-on-the-principle-of-population-20260505-5
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population-5.md
category: reference
title: An Essay on the Principle of Population
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:08.939862+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: an-essay-on-the-principle-of-population-20260505-0
summary:
=== Early responses in the Malthusian controversy === In Ireland, where (writing to Ricardo in 1817) Malthus proposed that "to give full effect to the natural resources of the country a great part of the population should be swept from the soil", an early "refutation" of the Essay on Population was offered by George Ensor. In his Inquiry Concerning the Population of Nations (1818), he professed "astonishment" at Malthus's "general indemnity" of the rich and powerful: Mr Malthus considers that attributing in any way the distress of the poor to the higher classes of society is a vulgar error [...] and that it depends on the conduct of the poor themselves. Does slavery depend on the slaves themselves? [...] Does it depend on the Irish peasantry that the proprietors are absentees? or, on the Catholics of Ireland that they pay tithes to the protestant clergy? Does it depend on the poor of England that they pay for salt a tax thirty times the original cost of the article? Seizing upon Malthus's proposition that "manufacturing is at once the consequence of a better distribution of property and the cause of further improvement", Ensor was later to press the argument that poverty


id: an-essay-on-the-principle-of-population-20260505-6
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population-6.md
category: reference
title: An Essay on the Principle of Population
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:08.939862+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: an-essay-on-the-principle-of-population-20260505-0
summary:
=== Later responses === In the 20th century, those who regarded Malthus as a failed prophet of doom included an editor of Nature, John Maddox. Economist Julian Lincoln Simon has criticised Malthus's conclusions. He notes that despite the predictions of Malthus and of the neo-Malthusians, massive geometric population growth in the 20th century did not result in a Malthusian catastrophe. Many factors have been identified as having contributed: general improvements in farming methods (industrial agriculture), mechanization of work (tractors), the introduction of high-yield varieties of wheat and other plants (Green Revolution), the use of pesticides to control crop pests. Each played a role. The enviro-sceptic Bjørn Lomborg presented data to argue the case that the environment had actually improved, and that calories produced per day per capita globally went up 23% between 1960 and 2000, despite the doubling of the world population in that period. From the opposite angle, Romanian American economist Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, a progenitor in economics and a paradigm founder of ecological economics, has argued that Malthus was too optimistic, as he failed to recognize any upper limit to the growth of population—only, the geometric increase in human numbers is occasionally slowed down (checked) by the arithmetic increase


id: an-essay-on-the-principle-of-population-20260505-7
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population-7.md
category: reference
title: An Essay on the Principle of Population
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:08.939862+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: an-essay-on-the-principle-of-population-20260505-0
summary:
Writers who have presented ideas that have paralleled various of those of Malthus include: Paul R. Ehrlich who has written several books predicting famine as a result of population increase: The Population Bomb (1968); Population, resources, environment: issues in human ecology (1970, with Anne Ehrlich); The end of affluence (1974, with Anne Ehrlich); The population explosion (1990, with Anne Ehrlich). In the late 1960s Ehrlich predicted that hundreds of millions would die from a coming overpopulation-crisis in the 1970s. Other examples of work that has been accused of "Malthusianism" include the 1972 book The Limits to Growth (published by the Club of Rome) and the Global 2000 report to the then President of the United States Jimmy Carter. Isaac Asimov also produced many essays on topics related to overpopulation. Ecological economist Herman Daly has recognized the influence of Malthus on his own work on steady-state economics. Other scholars have more recently linked population and economics to a third variable, political change and political violence, and to show how the variables interact. In the early 1980s, Jack Goldstone linked population variables to the English Revolution of 1640–1660 and David Lempert devised a model of demographics, economics, and political change in the


id: the-everglades-river-of-grass-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Everglades:_River_of_Grass-0.md
category: reference
title: The Everglades: River of Grass
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Everglades:_River_of_Grass
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:10.121519+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-everglades-river-of-grass-20260505-0
summary:
The Everglades: River of Grass is a non-fiction book written by Marjory Stoneman Douglas in 1947. Published the same year as the formal opening of Everglades National Park, the book was a call to attention about the degrading quality of life in the Everglades and remains an influential book on nature conservation as well as a reference for information on South Florida. It was used as recently as 2007 by The New York Times. == Background == Douglas was a freelance writer who submitted stories to magazines throughout the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. Her friend Hervey Allen was an editor at Rinehart, responsible for the Rivers of America Series. Allen asked her to write a story about the Miami River, but Douglas did not find it very interesting, calling it only "an inch long". She began learning more about the Miami River though, and in her research, she instead suggested to her editor to write a story about the Everglades. Douglas spent five years researching the Everglades, consulting with Garald Parker of the US Geological Survey, who was studying the Everglades hydrology systems, and eventually wrote nearly 40 papers on the ecosystems in the Everglades. == Reception == The Quarterly


id: the-evolution-of-the-conservation-movement-1850-1920-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Evolution_of_the_Conservation_Movement,_1850–1920-0.md
category: reference
title: The Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850–1920
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Evolution_of_the_Conservation_Movement,_1850–1920
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:11.259960+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-evolution-of-the-conservation-movement-1850-1920-20260505-0
summary:
The Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850–1920 is an online exhibition from the Library of Congress' American Memory series. It documents the historical formation and cultural foundations of the movement to conserve and protect America's natural heritage, through books, pamphlets, government documents, manuscripts, prints, photographs, and motion picture footage drawn from the collections of the Library of Congress. The collection consists of 62 books and pamphlets, 140 Federal statutes and Congressional resolutions, 34 additional legislative documents, excerpts from the Congressional Globe and the Congressional Record, 360 Presidential proclamations, 170 prints and photographs, 2 historic manuscripts, and 2 motion pictures. == See also == Conservation in the United States == References == == External links == The Library of Congress - The Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850-1920


id: eyes-wide-open-book-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyes_Wide_Open_(book)-0.md
category: reference
title: Eyes Wide Open (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyes_Wide_Open_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:12.397488+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: eyes-wide-open-book-20260505-0
summary:
Eyes Wide Open: Going Behind the Environmental Headlines is a young-adult nonfiction book written by Paul Fleischman and published by Candlewick Press in September 2014. The book was published in Australia by Walker Books on January 1, 2015. Eyes Wide Open looks at five key issues: population, consumption, energy, food, and climate, drawing on history, psychology, sociology, and the role of money to explain both environmental issues and the human reaction to such issues, with a particular focus on "defense mechanisms," such as denialism, projection, and regression. The book was an early catalyst in the creation of #globaltl hashtag and the Google+ Community of teacher-librarians interested in connecting students and schools through online collaborative projects. The book includes a brief essay on "How to Weigh Information" in the back matter. The essay describes ways that readers can become active investigators, reading critically with an eye on the source. Photos, headlines, and references to related books, documentaries, articles, and websites appear throughout. == Reception == The book received starred reviews in Publishers Weekly, Kirkus Reviews, Booklist, and School Library Journal. It has been named a finalist for one of the 2015 AAAS/Subaru Science Book and Film Prizes offered by the American


id: fallout-an-american-nuclear-tragedy-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallout:_An_American_Nuclear_Tragedy-0.md
category: reference
title: Fallout: An American Nuclear Tragedy
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallout:_An_American_Nuclear_Tragedy
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:13.546831+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: fallout-an-american-nuclear-tragedy-20260505-0
summary:
Fallout: An American Nuclear Tragedy is a 1989 book by Philip L. Fradkin which was republished in a second edition in 2004. The book is about the radiation exposure of people and their livestock living downwind from the nuclear weapons testing at the Nevada Test Site in the 1950s. The case of Irene Allen et al. vs. the United States is used as a framework for the narrative. The court case "resulted in an award of $2.66 million in damages to eight persons with leukemia, one with thyroid cancer, and another with breast cancer". Philip Fradkin is an American environmentalist historian and journalist. Fradkin shared a Pulitzer Prize awarded to the metropolitan staff of the Los Angeles Times for coverage of the Watts riots in 1965. == See also == Alvin C. Graves List of books about nuclear issues Nuclear fallout == References == == External links == NY Times review of Fallout Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests


id: falter-has-the-human-game-begun-to-play-itself-out-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falter:_Has_the_Human_Game_Begun_to_Play_Itself_Out-0.md
category: reference
title: Falter: Has the Human Game Begun to Play Itself Out?
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falter:_Has_the_Human_Game_Begun_to_Play_Itself_Out?
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:14.694831+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: falter-has-the-human-game-begun-to-play-itself-out-20260505-0
summary:
Falter: Has the Human Game Begun to Play Itself Out? is a 2019 book by American author Bill McKibben. He argues that the human game is risking playing itself out because of "leverage", or the scale of change to the planet that humans are causing. The book is largely about climate change, but also includes some discussion of unregulated artificial intelligence and bioengineering, two other modern developments that in the author's view pose significant risks to humanity. The book received mostly positive reviews. == Background == In a 2019 interview with Murtaza Hussain of The Intercept, McKibben claimed that at merely one degree Celsius of warming above pre-industrial levels, "[it] is already becoming difficult to live in large parts of the planet. On our current trajectory, we are headed for 3 or 4 degrees of warming. At that level, we simply won't have a civilization like we do now." With regards to the solutions, McKibben argued in 2019, "We have already made efforts at fossil fuel divestment and halting the construction of pipelines, but the next crucial area is finance: focusing on the banks and asset managers that give [those in the fossil fuel industry] the money to do what


id: famine-1975-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famine_1975!-0.md
category: reference
title: Famine 1975!
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famine_1975!
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:15.836769+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: famine-1975-20260505-0
summary:
Famine 1975! America's Decision: Who Will Survive? is a best-selling 1967 book by William and Paul Paddock. The brothers describe the rapidly growing population of the world, and a situation in which they believe it would be impossible to feed the entire global population within the short-term future. They believed that widespread famine would be the inevitable result, by 1975. The basic argument of the book is summarized in a 1969 review by Bruce Trumbo: The underdeveloped nations have exploding populations and static agricultures. The "Time of Famines" will be seriously in evidence by 1975, when food crises will have been reached in several of these nations. The "stricken peoples will not be able to pay for all their needed food imports. Therefore the hunger in these regions can be alleviated only through the charity of other nations" (p. 205) The only important food in famine relief will be wheat, and only the United States, Canada, Australia, and Argentina grow significant amounts of wheat. The United States, the only one of these four countries that has historically given wheat to hungry nations, is the "sole hope of the hungry nations" in the future (p. 206) "Yet the United States, even


id: farmageddon-book-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmageddon_(book)-0.md
category: reference
title: Farmageddon (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmageddon_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:16.994377+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: farmageddon-book-20260505-0
summary:
Farmageddon: The True Cost of Cheap Meat is a 2014 non-fiction book by Philip Lymbery and Isabel Oakeshott. It surveys the effects of industrial livestock production and industrial fish farming around the world. The book is the result of Lymbery's investigations for which he travelled the world over three years. Isabel Oakeshott is the political editor of The Sunday Times, Lymbery is CEO of Compassion in World Farming. The book was published by Bloomsbury. == Synopsis == The thesis examined in the book is that globalised production chains of industrialised agricultural systems negatively affect farmed animals, human health, the countryside, rivers and oceans, biodiversity in rainforests and many of the world's poorest people. The authors seek to shed light on the conditions in intensive agriculture which, according to them, often differ from the image that the industry wants to sell to the public. Intensification in animal farming goes along with a growing demand of cropland to grow animal feed – factory farming is thus not a means to save space. They argue consequently that to feed the world population factory farming is not the solution but a threat, not least since more than a third of the world's arable harvests


id: fateful-harvest-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fateful_Harvest-0.md
category: reference
title: Fateful Harvest
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fateful_Harvest
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:18.176447+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: fateful-harvest-20260505-0
summary:
Fateful Harvest: The True Story of a Small Town, a Global Industry, and a Toxic Secret is a nonfiction book written by Duff Wilson, who was a reporter for the Seattle Times. The book began as a series of newspaper reports, which made the issue a "national focus". Fateful Harvest focuses on Quincy, Washington. It was awarded Book of the Year from the press group Investigative Reports and Editors. It details Wilson's investigation into the recycling of fly ash, tire ash, flue dust, tailings, phosphoric acid from car factories, baghouse dust from recycling plants, zinc skimmings from galvanizing industries, and assorted other industrial byproducts with heavy metals and other chemicals into plant fertilizer based on the agronomic benefits of their alkalinity (sold as lime) or their micronutrients—zinc and manganese. It was reasoned that plants growing in alkaline soils do not uptake the metals as easily. The problem was brought to Wilson's attention in 1996 by Patty Martin, the mayor of Quincy, Washington, and Wilson and a small group of farmers conducted the investigation. The issue of heavy metals in fertilizer is sometimes mistakenly confused with biosolids, though there may be some crossover. == Synopsis == === Cenex and the rinsate


id: fateful-harvest-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fateful_Harvest-1.md
category: reference
title: Fateful Harvest
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fateful_Harvest
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:18.176447+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: fateful-harvest-20260505-0
summary:
=== Investigation === Alarmed by this issue, Martin ran for mayor of Quincy. She and her bankrupt farmer friends researched the mysterious origin of metals in the fertilizer. They discovered that the ubiquitous practice of mixing tailings and other industrial waste with fertilizer was accepted and even encouraged as a way to recycle waste with some zinc or iron, and increasing landfill costs exacerbated the trend. Martin discovered, for example, a proposed state rule for disposing of cement kiln dust by using it as agricultural lime. She also discovered that Alcoa sold waste product as a fertilizer or road deicer through L-Bar, a smaller company. The product was sued twice in Oregon, where farmers settled out of court. Martin also believed that cancer rates were higher in Quincy, but the state toxicologist dismissed her claims, though the state tracked deaths, not illnesses, by place of death when many of the victims' traveled out of the county and died in advanced hospitals. Later, five people in Quincy came down with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Ganesh Raghu told author Duff Wilson that this phenomenon strongly suggests environmental factors, as the disease is extremely rare. ==== Heavy Metal Task Force ==== The group contacted


id: fateful-harvest-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fateful_Harvest-2.md
category: reference
title: Fateful Harvest
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fateful_Harvest
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:18.176447+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: fateful-harvest-20260505-0
summary:
==== Publication ==== Wilson was forced to publish the story when he heard that the Seattle Post-Intelligencer was working on it. He said that the New York Times ignored it, and most of the other newspapers relegated it to the last pages, but the story resonated with many people, including experts like an immunologist, several EPA officials, Congress members, and assorted other people. It also drew the attention of industry largely opposed to labeling. Some fertilizer companies, such as IMC Global, became aware of the problem of using the waste products and stopped the practice. Governor Gary Locke of Washington initially seemed willing to tackle the problem, but the state ended up with an industry-written bill that required no labeling requirements (toxicity information would be put on websites) and looser standards than Canada. Washington state's new regulations led to 56 stop-sale orders, 45 denied license applications, and 10 companies with cleaned up materials; one of these stop-sale orders went against Siemens AG, which previously sold nuclear fuel processing waste as fertilizer. No other state passed a law as strong as Washington. Chaney remarked that keeping the regulations at the state level was the most effective way to block effective regulation.


id: feral-book-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feral_(book)-0.md
category: reference
title: Feral (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feral_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:19.323953+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: feral-book-20260505-0
summary:
Feral: Searching for Enchantment on the Frontiers of Rewilding (also published as Feral: rewilding the land, sea and human life) is a 2013 book by the British activist George Monbiot. In it, Monbiot discusses rewilding, particularly in the United Kingdom. It was first published by Allen Lane, a hardback imprint of the Penguin Group. The book received positive critical reviews, and won several awards. It inspired the founding of Rewilding Britain. == Background == By Monbiot's own account, rewilding was a fringe interest at the time he published the book. However, there had been attempts at rewilding in Britain such as "Wild Ennerdale" at Ennerdale, Cumbria, a project which Monbiot finds limited in scope. The word ‘rewilding’ entered the dictionary in 2011, with its definition greatly contested from the start. Initially, it was defined as releasing captive animals into the wild, but the definition was soon expanded to describe the reintroduction of animal and plant species to habitats from which they had been excised. In other circles, the term is used to indicate the rehabilitation of entire ecosystems, instead of particular species only. The definitions preferred by the author differ slightly from these, as they entail permitting ecological processes to


id: field-notes-from-a-catastrophe-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_Notes_from_a_Catastrophe-0.md
category: reference
title: Field Notes from a Catastrophe
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_Notes_from_a_Catastrophe
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:20.489683+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: field-notes-from-a-catastrophe-20260505-0
summary:
Field Notes from a Catastrophe: Man, Nature, and Climate Change is a non-fiction environmental science book by Elizabeth Kolbert that was published by Bloomsbury Publishing in 2006. The book documents a series of scientific observations and political processes, bringing attention to the causes and effects of global climate change. In this book, Kolbert is able to make scientific developments accessible to a very wide audience. == Synopsis == Kolbert travels around the world where climate change is affecting the environment in significant ways. These locations include Alaska, Greenland, the Netherlands, and Iceland. The environmental effects that are apparent consist of rising sea levels, thawing permafrost, diminishing ice shelves, changes in migratory patterns, and increasingly devastating forest fires due to loss of precipitation. She also speaks with many leading scientists about their individual research and findings. Kolbert brings to attention the attempts of large corporations such as ExxonMobil and General Motors to influence politicians and discredit scientists. She also writes about America’s reluctance in the global efforts to reduce carbon emissions. Leading this resistance, she explained, was the Bush administration, which was opposed to the Kyoto Protocol since it was ratified in 2005. Kolbert concludes the book by examining the events


id: flammable-environmental-suffering-in-an-argentine-shantytown-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flammable:_Environmental_Suffering_in_an_Argentine_Shantytown-0.md
category: reference
title: Flammable: Environmental Suffering in an Argentine Shantytown
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flammable:_Environmental_Suffering_in_an_Argentine_Shantytown
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:21.656280+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: flammable-environmental-suffering-in-an-argentine-shantytown-20260505-0
summary:
Flammable: Environmental Suffering in an Argentine Shantytown is a 2008 book by sociologist Javier Auyero and anthropologist Débora Swistun. Its subject is the impact of pollution and toxicity on the residents of Flammable, a neighborhood on the outskirts of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The book is a contribution to the field of collective action and mobilization regarding environmental suffering. It was first published in Spanish as Inflamable. Estudio de sufrimiento ambiental and translated to English in 2009. It won the Charles Tilly Award for Best Book in 2010. == Contents == Flammable: Environmental Suffering in an Argentine Shantytown examines the effect of pollution and toxicity on the lives of the residents in the neighborhood Flammable (Villa Inflamable) at Dock Sud on the outskirts of Buenos Aires. Flammable is surrounded by one of the largest petrochemical compounds in Argentina and sits on the highly polluted river basin Matanza-Riachuelo that brings the toxic waste from different industries, a hazardous and largely unsupervised waste incinerator, and an unmonitored landfill. Both private and public health agencies diagnosed toxic levels of lead poisoning amongst Flammable's residents, particularly among children, but beyond lead, the soil, air, water and inhabitants of Flammable are contaminated with chromium, benzene, and


id: floating-coast-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_Coast-0.md
category: reference
title: Floating Coast
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_Coast
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:22.807197+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: floating-coast-20260505-0
summary:
Floating Coast: An Environmental History of the Bering Strait is a 2019 book by Brown University historian Bathsheba Demuth, published by W. W. Norton & Company. The book examines environmental and social change in the Beringia region surrounding the Bering Strait from the mid-nineteenth to the late-twentieth centuries, focusing on the pursuits of American and Russian interests and their interactions with local Chukchi, Iñupiat, and Yupik peoples. Those interests were largely focused on fauna such as bowhead whales, walruses, and reindeer, along with minerals, especially gold. == Content == Floating Coast is organized into five sections - Sea, Shore, Land, Underground, and Ocean - each overlapping in time and offering a non-linear journey exploring interactions between people, wildlife, and natural resources. The book touches on a range of subjects such as coastal villages, whaling boats, Gulags, and American mining camps. Energy transformations and exchanges between different species are a significant unifying theme throughout the sections as Demuth explores the ecology of energy in a precarious landscape with little agricultural potential. Despite the dearth of agriculture, the book highlights an abundance of life and energy. The author writes:In their liquid seasons, the Bering, Beaufort, and Chukchi are some of the most


id: food-inc-book-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food,_Inc._(book)-0.md
category: reference
title: Food, Inc. (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food,_Inc._(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:23.973638+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: food-inc-book-20260505-0
summary:
Food, Inc.: How Industrial Food Is Making Us Sicker, Fatter, and Poorer — And What You Can Do About It is a 2009 companion book to the documentary film of the same name about the industrialization of food production and about the negative results to human health and to the natural environment. Edited by Karl Weber, the book is co-published by Participant Media and PublicAffairs Books. == See also == Chicken: The Dangerous Transformation of America's Favorite Food (book) A Delicate Balance — The Truth (film) The Dorito Effect: The Surprising New Truth about Food and Flavor (book) Food Fight: The Inside Story of the Food Industry (book) == External links == A film that will make you think before you eat Archived 2009-06-23 at the Wayback Machine Participant Media Adds Book Arm - 6/15/2009 - Publishers Weekly Daily Green : Food Inc. Movie: Dishing Dirt on the Food Industry


id: free-market-environmentalism-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Market_Environmentalism-0.md
category: reference
title: Free Market Environmentalism
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Market_Environmentalism
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:25.125996+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: free-market-environmentalism-20260505-0
summary:
Free Market Environmentalism is a book by Terry L. Anderson and Donald R. Leal that was of great importance to the free market environmentalist movement. == Summary == The book focuses on a method of environmental protection with minimal bureaucratic intervention. Anderson and Leal argue that free markets have been making the environment cleaner for centuries and that private innovations, such as the energy consumption of cars, are more effective than government intervention. The book contains a number of case studies where juries recognize that a company is harming an individual and grant appropriate reparations. The central argument is that property rights, which are resolved through a direct transfer of payments between parties, are more effective as a form of environmental protection than government intervention through taxes. == Reception == The book was intended as an ideological tract and a call to action, rather than as an empirical study. Glenn Fox of the American Journal of Agricultural Economics lauded the book for its readability and described its reference list as "one of the most comprehensive offerings currently available in this area." John A. Douglass of Forest & Conservation History praised the book for presenting the possibility of replacing zero-sum contests


id: fundamentals-of-stack-gas-dispersion-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamentals_of_Stack_Gas_Dispersion-0.md
category: reference
title: Fundamentals of Stack Gas Dispersion
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamentals_of_Stack_Gas_Dispersion
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:26.754564+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: fundamentals-of-stack-gas-dispersion-20260505-0
summary:
Fundamentals of Stack Gas Dispersion is a book devoted to the fundamentals of air pollution dispersion modeling of continuous, buoyant pollution plumes from stationary point sources. The first edition was published in 1979. The current fourth edition was published in 2005. The subjects covered in the book include atmospheric turbulence and stability classes, buoyant plume rise, Gaussian dispersion calculations and modeling, time-averaged concentrations, wind velocity profiles, fumigations, trapped plumes and gas flare stack plumes. The constraints and assumptions involved in the basic equations are fully explained. The book has received favorable reviews, including a description of its "simple straightforward explanations" for a "full course in single-source dispersive modeling". The book has been purchased in 84 countries and As of 2015 is available in 233 libraries worldwide. It has been referenced or cited as an educational resource more than 880 times in the technical literature and on the Internet, including 34 regulatory publications of state or national governmental agencies worldwide. It has also been used as recommended reading or a textbook in 61 university courses. The book is now available only as a downloadable version in PDF format. == Book contents == == See also == Accidental release source terms ADMS


id: the-future-eaters-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Future_Eaters-0.md
category: reference
title: The Future Eaters
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Future_Eaters
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:27.875834+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-future-eaters-20260505-0
summary:
The Future Eaters is a 1994 non-fiction book by Australian author Tim Flannery. The book is an ecological history of Australia entailing how humans consume the resources they need for their future, and looking at the journey of the Aboriginal Australian people from Africa to the Australian mainland. Flannery's thesis has both been applauded and disagreed with. == References ==


id: the-gene-revolution-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gene_Revolution-0.md
category: reference
title: The Gene Revolution
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gene_Revolution
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:29.059112+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-gene-revolution-20260505-0
summary:
The Gene Revolution: GM Crops and Unequal Development is a 2006 book by Professor Sakiko Fukuda-Parr. While some people do not supportgenetic manipulation (GM), others view it as an important technological solution to limited agricultural output, increasing populations, and climate change. The book provides a detailed analysis of debate about GM adoption in developing countries, which are dealing with poverty and trying to better compete in the global economy. Per the introduction, the book focuses on five countries' use of GM technology, Argentina, Brazil, China, India, and South Africa. The Gene Revolution refers to a phase following the Green Revolution during which agricultural biotechnology was heavily implemented. == See also == Genetically modified food controversies Gene Revolution == References ==


id: a-geography-of-blood-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Geography_of_Blood-0.md
category: reference
title: A Geography of Blood
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Geography_of_Blood
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:30.196570+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: a-geography-of-blood-20260505-0
summary:
A Geography of Blood: Unearthing Memory from a Prairie Landscape is a 2012 book by Canadian author Candace Savage. The book combines natural and human history to reconstruct the past of Southwest Saskatchewan, and in particular the settlement of the region by Canadians, which relied on the forceful removal of the region's Indigenous peoples. Savage explores the colonial history of the area, including the slaughter of the Plains bison, which was an integral part of Indigenous prairie life. The author was inspired initially by a stay in the town of Eastend at the childhood home of American author Wallace Stegner, who also wrote about the region in his autobiography Wolf Willow. == Awards == A Geography of Blood was awarded the 2012 Hilary Weston Writers' Trust Prize for Nonfiction. The book also won three separate Saskatchewan Book Awards, including the Non-Fiction Award and the Book of the Year Award. == References == == External links == Page at Greystone Books


id: the-global-2000-report-to-the-president-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Global_2000_Report_to_the_President-0.md
category: reference
title: The Global 2000 Report to the President
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Global_2000_Report_to_the_President
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:31.349978+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-global-2000-report-to-the-president-20260505-0
summary:
The Global 2000 Report to the President was a 1980 report commissioned by President Jimmy Carter. It warned that world population growth, pollution and resource depletion would have dramatic consequences by the year 2000 if no changes in public policy were made. Physicist Gerald O. Barney was the study director. The press referred to these volumes as "The Doomsday Report". It was a historical first in trying to analyze the effects of population growth, pollution, and other factors on the worldwide environment and possible political crises. Volume Two reviewed the potential for global warming and climate change. According to one reviewer: "What emerges is a set of global problems of fairly alarming proportions. Serious stresses by the year 2000 are clearly visible in a world more crowded (6.35 billion as compared to 4 billion population in 1975), far more polluted, less stable ecologically, and more vulnerable to disruption. The progressive impoverishment of the world's natural-resource base raises concerns about the earth's capacity to continue to provide for human needs." However, the report's impact was limited because Carter lost the 1980 United States presidential election. Ronald Reagan succeeded Carter as president in January 1981 and did not pursue the report's recommendations.


id: the-global-interior-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Global_Interior-0.md
category: reference
title: The Global Interior
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Global_Interior
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:32.525977+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-global-interior-20260505-0
summary:
The Global Interior: Mineral Frontiers and American Power is a 2018 book by Megan Black, Associate Professor of History at MIT. The book documents the history of the U.S. Department of the Interior and its role in American imperialism. == Contents == The Global Interior examines the Department of the Interior from its role in settling the American west to its operation of the Landsat satellite for mineral surveying from space. Black argues that the Department has been key to the expansion and exercise of American power, widening the scope of what is considered “interior” to the nation state through the guise of scientific and resource management. In the process, Black demonstrates that the Department has played a key role in reconceptualizing the Earth as a mineral repository and thus as a potential mining site. Moreover, Black draws key connections between American environmental history and foreign relations, highlighting the ways in which facilitating the exploitation of resources abroad enabled greater conservation of domestic resources. The Department was founded in 1849 and Black highlights its role from its inception until the 1980s in numerous episodes of American expansionism from settler colonialism and Manifest Destiny through to the Cold War and international


id: global-spin-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Spin-0.md
category: reference
title: Global Spin
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Spin
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:33.742338+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: global-spin-20260505-0
summary:
Global Spin: The Corporate Assault on Environmentalism is a book by Professor Sharon Beder. It was first published in 1997 and there have been subsequent updated editions in 2000 and 2002. The book uses many detailed case studies to build up a "bigger picture" of how large corporations attempt to manipulate environmental issues for their own ends. In the first edition most of the material was from the United States, where the corporate environmental impact has been greatest. == See also == List of Australian environmental books Unequal Protection: The Rise of Corporate Dominance and the Theft of Human Rights == References ==


id: the-great-barrier-reef-biology-environment-and-management-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Barrier_Reef:_Biology,_Environment_and_Management-0.md
category: reference
title: The Great Barrier Reef: Biology, Environment and Management
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Barrier_Reef:_Biology,_Environment_and_Management
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:34.919312+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-great-barrier-reef-biology-environment-and-management-20260505-0
summary:
The Great Barrier Reef: Biology, Environment and Management is a 2008 book by Pat Hutchings, Mike Kingsford and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg. It describes the organisms and ecosystems of Australia's Great Barrier Reef, and the biological, chemical and physical processes that influence them. Issues discussed include climate change, coral bleaching, coral disease and coral reef fishing. The book includes a field guide to help people identify the common animals and plants on the reef. The book has illustrations and contributions from 33 international experts. Pat Hutchings is a senior principal research scientist at the Australian Museum. Michael Kingsford is the head of school of Marine Biology and Aquaculture at James Cook University. Ove Hoegh-Guldberg is the director of the Centre for Marine Studies at the University of Queensland. == References ==


id: the-green-bible-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Bible-0.md
category: reference
title: The Green Bible
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Bible
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:36.053526+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-green-bible-20260505-0
summary:
The Green Bible is an English version of the New Revised Standard Version Bible with a focus on environmental issues and teachings. It was originally published by Harper Bibles on October 7, 2008. It is a study Bible featuring a foreword by Desmond Tutu and essays by Matthew Sleeth, Calvin B. DeWitt, Pope John Paul II, Brian McLaren, Ellen Bernstein, Ellen F. Davis, James Jones, N.T. Wright, Barbara Brown Taylor, and Gordon Aeschliman. == Background == The Green Bible is meant to "equip and encourage [readers] to see God's vision for creation and help [them] engage in the work of healing and sustaining it". Emphasizing what the publishers see as the Bible’s message on the environment, all passages mentioning the environment are printed in green ink to draw the reader’s attention. == Inspiration == Mark Tauber, senior vice-president of HarperOne, has stated that the Green Bible was developed with the intention of being "the first ever specialty bible that takes the issues of sustainability, stewardship of the earth, what many in the religious community call 'creation care' very seriously". He went further, exposing on the Green Bible’s purpose: "That the Bible has a profound message of sustainability—some might argue, the


id: green-to-gold-book-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_to_Gold_(book)-0.md
category: reference
title: Green to Gold (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_to_Gold_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:38.322484+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: green-to-gold-book-20260505-0
summary:
Green to Gold: How Smart Companies Use Environmental Strategy to Innovate, Create Value, and Build Competitive Advantage is a 2006 book on sustainability by Daniel C. Esty and Andrew S. Winston and published by Yale University Press. The book argues that pollution control and natural resource management have become critical elements of marketplace success and explains how leading-edge companies have folded environmental thinking into their core business strategies. == References ==


id: growth-fetish-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_Fetish-0.md
category: reference
title: Growth Fetish
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_Fetish
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:39.501361+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: growth-fetish-20260505-0
summary:
Growth Fetish is a book about economics and politics by the Australian progressive political theorist Clive Hamilton. Published in 2003 it became a best-seller in Australia. The book argues that the policies of unfettered capitalism pursued by the west for the last 50 years has largely failed, since the underlying purpose of the creation of wealth is happiness, and Hamilton claims that people in general are no happier now than 50 years ago, despite the huge increase in personal wealth. Hamilton goes on to claim that the pursuit of growth has become a fetish, pursued at a tremendous cost in terms of the environment, erosion of democracy, and the values of society as a whole. == Background == Clive Hamilton is the former executive director of The Australia Institute, an independent think-tank which has been cited as playing a significant role in debate over social and environmental policies. Hamilton resigned from the Australia Institute in 2007. Growth Fetish itself reflects many of the findings from TAI's report Overconsumption in Australia, which found that 62 per cent of Australians believe they cannot afford everything they need, even though in real terms their incomes have never been higher. == Synopsis == Hamilton's


id: guns-germs-and-steel-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guns,_Germs,_and_Steel-0.md
category: reference
title: Guns, Germs, and Steel
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guns,_Germs,_and_Steel
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:40.618408+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: guns-germs-and-steel-20260505-0
summary:
Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies (subtitled A Short History of Everybody for the Last 13,000 Years in Britain) is a 1997 transdisciplinary nonfiction book by the American author Jared Diamond. The book attempts to explain why Eurasian and North African civilizations have survived and conquered others, while arguing against the idea that Eurasian hegemony is due to any form of Eurasian intellectual, moral, or inherent genetic superiority. Diamond argues that the gaps in power and technology between human societies originate primarily in environmental differences, which are amplified by various positive feedback loops. When cultural or genetic differences have favoured Eurasians (for example, written language or the development among Eurasians of resistance to endemic diseases), he asserts that these advantages occurred because of the influence of geography on societies and cultures (for example, by facilitating commerce and trade between different cultures) and were not inherent in the Eurasian genomes. The book proposes that the environmental and geographical conditions of Eurasia and North Africa provided significant advantages, such as access to a greater variety of domesticable plants and animals, as well as an east–west continental axis that allowed for easier transfer of crops, livestock, and technologies. These conditions


id: guns-germs-and-steel-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guns,_Germs,_and_Steel-1.md
category: reference
title: Guns, Germs, and Steel
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guns,_Germs,_and_Steel
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:40.618408+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: guns-germs-and-steel-20260505-0
summary:
=== Summary === Diamond argues that Eurasian civilization is not so much a product of ingenuity, but of opportunity and necessity. That is, civilization is not created out of superior intelligence, but is the result of a chain of developments, each made possible by certain preconditions. The first step towards civilization is the move from nomadic hunter-gatherer to rooted agrarian society. Several conditions are necessary for this transition to occur: access to high-carbohydrate vegetation that endures storage; a climate dry enough to allow storage; and access to animals docile enough for domestication and versatile enough to survive captivity. Control of crops and livestock leads to food surpluses. Surpluses free people to specialize in activities other than sustenance and support population growth. The combination of specialization and population growth leads to the accumulation of social and technological innovations which build on each other. Large societies develop ruling classes and supporting bureaucracies, which in turn lead to the organization of nation-states and empires. Although agriculture arose in several parts of the world, Eurasia gained an early advantage due to the greater availability of suitable plant and animal species for domestication. In particular, Eurasia has barley, two varieties of wheat, and three protein-rich


id: guns-germs-and-steel-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guns,_Germs,_and_Steel-2.md
category: reference
title: Guns, Germs, and Steel
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guns,_Germs,_and_Steel
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:40.618408+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: guns-germs-and-steel-20260505-0
summary:
Eurasia's large landmass and long east–west distance increased these advantages. Its large area provided more plant and animal species suitable for domestication. Equally important, its east–west orientation has allowed groups of people to wander and empires to conquer from one end of the continent to the other while staying at the same latitude. This was important because similar climate and cycle of seasons let them keep the same "food production system" – they could keep growing the same crops and raising the same animals all the way from Scotland to Siberia. Doing this throughout history, they spread innovations, languages and diseases everywhere. By contrast, the north–south orientation of the Americas and Africa created countless difficulties adapting crops domesticated at one latitude for use at other latitudes (and, in North America, adapting crops from one side of the Rocky Mountains to the other). Similarly, Africa was fragmented by its extreme variations in climate from north to south: crops and animals that flourished in one area never reached other areas where they could have flourished, because they could not survive the intervening environment. Europe was the ultimate beneficiary of Eurasia's east–west orientation: in the first millennium BCE, the Mediterranean areas of Europe


id: guns-germs-and-steel-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guns,_Germs,_and_Steel-3.md
category: reference
title: Guns, Germs, and Steel
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guns,_Germs,_and_Steel
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:40.618408+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: guns-germs-and-steel-20260505-0
summary:
Guns, Germs, and Steel argues that cities require an ample supply of food, and thus are dependent on agriculture. As farmers do the work of providing food, division of labor allows others freedom to pursue other functions, such as mining and literacy. The crucial trap for the development of agriculture is the availability of wild edible plant species suitable for domestication. Farming arose early in the Fertile Crescent since the area had an abundance of wild wheat and pulse, species that were nutritious and easy to domesticate. In contrast, American farmers had to struggle to develop corn as a useful food from its probable wild ancestor, teosinte. Also important to the transition from hunter-gatherer to city-dwelling agrarian societies was the presence of "large" domesticable animals, raised for meat, work, and long-distance communication. Diamond identifies a mere 14 domesticated large mammal species worldwide. The five most useful (cow, horse, sheep, goat, and pig) are all descendants of species endemic to Eurasia. Of the remaining nine, only two (the llama and alpaca both of South America) are indigenous to a land outside the temperate region of Eurasia. Due to the Anna Karenina principle, surprisingly few animals are suitable for domestication. Diamond identifies


id: guns-germs-and-steel-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guns,_Germs,_and_Steel-4.md
category: reference
title: Guns, Germs, and Steel
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guns,_Germs,_and_Steel
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:40.618408+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: guns-germs-and-steel-20260505-0
summary:
=== Praise === Many noted that the large scope of the work makes some oversimplification inevitable while still praising the book as a very erudite and generally effective synthesis of multiple different subjects. Paul R. Ehrlich and E. O. Wilson both praised the book. Northwestern University economic historian Joel Mokyr interpreted Diamond as a geographical determinist but added that the thinker could never be described as "crude" like many determinists. For Mokyr, Diamond's view that Eurasia succeeded largely because of a uniquely large stock of domesticable plants is flawed because of the possibility of crop manipulation and selection in the plants of other regions: the drawbacks of an indigenous North American plant such as sumpweed could have been bred out, Mokyr wrote, since "all domesticated plants had originally undesirable characteristics" eliminated via "deliberate and lucky selection mechanisms". Mokyr dismissed as unpersuasive Diamond's theory that breeding specimens failing to fix characteristics controlled by multiple genes "lay at the heart of the geographically challenged societies". Mokyr also states that in seeing economic history as centered on successful manipulation of environments, Diamond downplays the role of "the option to move to a more generous and flexible area", and speculated that non-generous environments were


id: guns-germs-and-steel-20260505-5
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guns,_Germs,_and_Steel-5.md
category: reference
title: Guns, Germs, and Steel
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guns,_Germs,_and_Steel
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:40.618408+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: guns-germs-and-steel-20260505-0
summary:
=== Criticism === The anthropologist Jason Antrosio described Guns, Germs, and Steel as a form of "academic porn", writing, "Diamond's account makes all the factors of European domination a product of a distant and accidental history" and "has almost no role for human agency—the ability people have to make decisions and influence outcomes. Europeans become inadvertent, accidental conquerors. Natives succumb passively to their fate." He added, "Jared Diamond has done a huge disservice to the telling of human history. He has tremendously distorted the role of domestication and agriculture in that history. Unfortunately his story-telling abilities are so compelling that he has seduced a generation of college-educated readers." In his last book, published in 2000, the anthropologist and geographer James Morris Blaut criticized Guns, Germs, and Steel, among other reasons, for reviving the theory of environmental determinism, and described Diamond as an example of a modern Eurocentric historian. Blaut criticizes Diamond's loose use of the terms "Eurasia" and "innovative", which he believes misleads the reader into presuming that Western Europe is responsible for technological inventions that arose in the Middle East and Asia. Anthropologist Kerim Friedman wrote, "While it is interesting and important to ask why technologies developed in some


id: harmony-a-new-way-of-looking-at-our-world-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmony:_A_New_Way_of_Looking_at_Our_World-0.md
category: reference
title: Harmony: A New Way of Looking at Our World
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmony:_A_New_Way_of_Looking_at_Our_World
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:52.422788+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: harmony-a-new-way-of-looking-at-our-world-20260505-0
summary:
Harmony: A New Way of Looking at Our World is a 2010 book written by Charles, Prince of Wales (later King Charles III), with Tony Juniper and Ian Skelly. The book focuses on the world's environment which includes climate change, architecture and agriculture. The book has been translated into many different languages. There is also a children's edition of Harmony. == Reception == In a review in The Guardian, Rowan Moore said that Harmony: A New Way of Looking at Our World contained a number of "amateurish" mistakes, and was also inconsistent in its use of science—embracing scientific evidence when it supported a belief in climate change, but ignored scientific evidence that cast doubt on alternative medicine. He added "he can employ people to do his reading for him. Two such loyal readers-cum-scribes, Tony Juniper and Ian Skelly, presumably wrote the hard bits of this book". In 2018, Edzard Ernst wrote that "Harmony is full of praise for even the most absurd forms of alternative therapies and bogus diagnostic tests." In Ernst's book More Good Than Harm? The Moral Maze of Complementary and Alternative Medicine he and ethicist Kevin Smith call Charles "foolish and immoral" and "conclude that it is


id: hell-and-high-water-book-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell_and_High_Water_(book)-0.md
category: reference
title: Hell and High Water (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell_and_High_Water_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:53.984226+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: hell-and-high-water-book-20260505-0
summary:
Hell and High Water: Global Warming – the Solution and the Politics – and What We Should Do is a book by author, scientist, and former U.S. Department of Energy official Joseph J. Romm, published December 26, 2006. The author is "one of the world's leading experts on clean energy, advanced vehicles, energy security, and greenhouse gas mitigation." The book warned of dire consequences to the U.S. and the world if wide-scale environmental changes are not enacted by the U.S. government. It reviewed the evidence that the initial global warming changes would lead to feedbacks and accelerated warming. According to Romm, the oceans, soils, Arctic permafrost, and rainforests could become sources of greenhouse gas emissions. The book claimed that, without serious government action, sea levels would rise high enough to submerge numerous coastal communities and inland areas on both U.S. coasts and around the world by the year 2100. In 2008, Time magazine wrote that "On [Romm's] blog and in his most recent book, Hell and High Water, you can find some of the most cogent, memorable, and deployable arguments for immediate and overwhelming action to confront global warming." Romm was interviewed on Fox News on January 31, 2007, about


id: hell-and-high-water-book-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell_and_High_Water_(book)-1.md
category: reference
title: Hell and High Water (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell_and_High_Water_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:53.984226+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: hell-and-high-water-book-20260505-0
summary:
melting ice at the poles that means less reflection of sunlight by white ice and more absorption of the sun's heat by ocean water and dark land; an increasing amount of water vapor in the atmosphere (water vapor is a greenhouse gas); melting permafrost in the Arctic, where more carbon is locked in Arctic permafrost than in all of the Earth's atmosphere and where methane, which is about 20 times more powerful than carbon dioxide (CO2) as a greenhouse gas, is being released by permafrost in the Arctic faster than scientists previously thought it would; the death of algae and phytoplankton from heat and acidity in the oceans, reducing the CO2 being absorbed by them; and the reduced ability of tropical forests to absorb CO2 as they are destroyed. Romm proposes an eight-point program, based on existing technologies, to counter and then reverse the trend toward catastrophic global warming: performance-based efficiency programs; energy efficiency gains from industry and power generation through cogeneration of heat and power; building wind farms; capturing carbon dioxide from proposed coal plants; building nuclear plants; greatly improving the fuel economy of our vehicles using PHEVs; increasing production of high-yield energy crops; and stopping tropical deforestation while


id: hell-and-high-water-book-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell_and_High_Water_(book)-2.md
category: reference
title: Hell and High Water (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell_and_High_Water_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:53.984226+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: hell-and-high-water-book-20260505-0
summary:
== Challenges and solutions identified by the book == The book claims that U.S. politicians who deny the science and have failed to take genuine action on conservation and alternative energy initiatives are following a disastrous course by delaying serious changes that he says are imminently needed. Romm also criticizes the media for what he says is sloppy reporting and an unwillingness to probe behind political rhetoric, which he says are lulling Americans into accepting continuing delays on implementing emission-cutting technologies. The book argues that there is a limited window of opportunity to head off the most catastrophic effects of global warming, and it calls upon Americans to demand that our government "embrace an aggressive multi-decade, government-led effort to use existing and near-term clean energy technologies." (p. 230) Romm writes that strategies to combat climate change with current technologies can significantly slow global warming and buy more time for the world to develop new technologies and take even stronger action. The book lays out a number of proposed solutions to avoiding a climate catastrophe, including: launching massive energy efficiency programs for homes, office buildings, and heavy industry; increasing the fuel efficiency of cars and light trucks to 60 miles per


id: hell-and-high-water-book-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell_and_High_Water_(book)-3.md
category: reference
title: Hell and High Water (book)
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell_and_High_Water_(book)
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:53.984226+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: hell-and-high-water-book-20260505-0
summary:
== Critical response == The Toronto Star's January 1, 2007 review of the book says that Romm "convincingly shoots down the arguments of those who claim global warming is a hoax or some kind of natural cycle not associated with human activities." The review laments that the "'Denyers and Delayers' are winning the political battle in the United States, the world's highest emitter of greenhouse gases and a saboteur of Kyoto talks" and that the media's policy of "giving 'equal time' to Denyers gives the public the wrong impression about our understanding and level of certainty around global warming science." The review concludes, "The book itself is a short and easy read, not as intimidating as some other works, and it hits all the main points on the science and politics behind global warming, and the policy and technological solutions to minimize damage to the planet, economy and humanity." A review in the Detroit Free Press's Freep.com stated, "Joseph Romm's Hell and High Water is a great book for people who want to understand the complexities of global warming and, perhaps more important, what we could be doing about it other than wringing our hands or sticking our collective head


id: human-ecology-human-economy-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Ecology,_Human_Economy-0.md
category: reference
title: Human Ecology, Human Economy
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Ecology,_Human_Economy
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:55.169070+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: human-ecology-human-economy-20260505-0
summary:
Human Ecology, Human Economy: Ideas for an Ecologically Sustainable Future is a 1997 book edited by Mark Diesendorf and Clive Hamilton. The authors' intent is to "develop some of the basic ideas, concepts and tools that are needed to create a set of preferred futures for the Earth". According to the editors, the book provides equal measures of human ecology and ecological economics, in order to assist the process of working towards a better future. Human Ecology, Human Economy has been reviewed in Ecological Economics and The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. == See also == List of Australian environmental books Sustainability Ecologically sustainable development == References ==


id: the-improving-state-of-the-world-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Improving_State_of_the_World-0.md
category: reference
title: The Improving State of the World
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Improving_State_of_the_World
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:56.305170+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-improving-state-of-the-world-20260505-0
summary:
The Improving State of the World: Why We're Living Longer, Healthier, More Comfortable Lives On a Cleaner Planet (ISBN 1930865988) is a 2007 book by Indur M. Goklany, published by the Cato Institute. As per the title, it argues that the state of the world and humanity is rapidly improving. == Contents == The book lists many supporting statistics: The average person has never been better fed than today. Between 1961 and 2002, the world average daily food supply per person increased by 24% (38% in developing nations). Chronic undernourishment in developing nations declined from 37 to 17 percent of their population between 1969–71 and 2000–02. Greater agricultural productivity and international trade has caused inflation-adjusted prices of food commodities to decline by 75 percent since 1950. Access to safe water and sanitation has increased. Before industrialization, at least one out of every five children died before reaching his or her first birthday, equivalent to more than 20%. In 2003 the worldwide rate was 5.7% which is approximately the same as the developed nations had in 1950. The progress is illustrated by that many developing nations, such as India, Peru, and Ghana, in 1998 had a lower infant mortality than the


id: an-inconvenient-book-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Inconvenient_Book-0.md
category: reference
title: An Inconvenient Book
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Inconvenient_Book
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:57.427791+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: an-inconvenient-book-20260505-0
summary:
An Inconvenient Book: Real Solutions to the World's Biggest Problems is a 2007 political narrative written and edited by conservative commentator Glenn Beck. == Explanation of the book's title == The title of An Inconvenient Book is a parody of the title of Al Gore's 2006 documentary An Inconvenient Truth. One section of the book provides a critical response to Gore's views on global warming. == Issues discussed == Beck discusses his political views on a number of subjects. Issues include Beck’s claims that the free market provides the best way to fight global warming, divorce rates, Beck's perceptions of liberal bias on school campuses, the income gap, perceived anti-Americanism of the United Nations, and illegal immigration. == Reception == Publishers Weekly described An Inconvenient Book as "a good read for conservatives," referring to Beck's often lighthearted tone, "at his best when most absurd, and funniest when he's his own target." On the content, the reviewer says "While often informative, as in his chapter on global warming, Beck is sometimes tedious, particularly when dealing with Islam and education (France is literally teetering on the edge, and our biggest ally, England, is about to be turned inside out as well)." An


id: an-introduction-to-sustainable-development-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Introduction_to_Sustainable_Development-0.md
category: reference
title: An Introduction to Sustainable Development
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Introduction_to_Sustainable_Development
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:58.610884+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: an-introduction-to-sustainable-development-20260505-0
summary:
An Introduction to Sustainable Development is a 2007 Earthscan book which presents sustainable development as a process that "meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". This textbook examines the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of sustainable development by exploring changing patterns of consumption, production, and distribution of resources. Case studies include coastal wetlands; community-based water supply and sanitation systems; and sustainable energy, forest, and industrial development. Author Peter P. Rogers is a Professor of Environmental Engineering at Harvard University, USA. Co-authors Kazi F. Jalal and John A. Boyd are lecturers at Harvard's Extension School. == References ==


id: it-s-a-matter-of-survival-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It's_a_Matter_of_Survival-0.md
category: reference
title: It's a Matter of Survival
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It's_a_Matter_of_Survival
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:39:59.844866+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: it-s-a-matter-of-survival-20260505-0
summary:
It's a Matter of Survival is a 1990 book by Anita Gordon and David Suzuki. Written for the general reader, the book looks ahead 50 years and explores the condition of human society and the environment. Suggestions are given about how to improve the future. The book originated as a radio series aired in 1989 by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. == Overview == In the series and the book, described how the "first global scientific consensus" that the world was "entering an era of unprecedented climate change" had emerged in the June 1988 international Toronto Conference on the Changing Atmosphere chaired by Stephen Lewis, and with 300 scientists from around the world in attendance. On the webpage of the David Suzuki Foundation—a non-profit organization environmental organization headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, that he co-founded in 1991, Suzuki said that the response to the CBC radio show was the catalyst for the establishment of the Foundation. == See also == List of books by David Suzuki == References ==


id: killer-company-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killer_Company-0.md
category: reference
title: Killer Company
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killer_Company
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:40:00.949596+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: killer-company-20260505-0
summary:
Killer Company: James Hardie Exposed is a 2009 Australian book by journalist Matt Peacock. == Overview == The book documents how the use of harmful asbestos fibre in building materials produced by James Hardie Industries "led to the deaths of thousands of workers and customers, who were never informed of the dangers". Working with asbestos products, such as "fibro", resulted in medical abnormalities, such as asbestosis. The book opens with the story of Bernie Banton, former James Hardie employee, who suffered from asbestos-induced fibrosis and later died. According to Peacock, James Hardie Industries circumvented the rules and regulations designed to protect the community from serious health hazards. Peacock states that "Hardie embarked on a cold, calculated strategy to maximise profits, minimise compensation and conceal the culprits". == Awards and legacy == Killer Company was a finalist for the Walkley non-fiction book of the year in 2009. Devil's Dust, a docudrama based on Killer Company, was released in 2012, with Ewen Leslie portraying Peacock. == References ==


id: last-chance-to-see-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Chance_to_See-0.md
category: reference
title: Last Chance to See
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Chance_to_See
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:40:02.112529+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: last-chance-to-see-20260505-0
summary:
Last Chance to See is a 1989 BBC radio documentary series and its accompanying book, written and presented by Douglas Adams and Mark Carwardine. In the series, Adams and Carwardine travel to various locations in the hope of encountering species on the brink of extinction. The book was published in 1990. In 2009, the BBC broadcast a television follow-up series of the same name, with Stephen Fry replacing the late Adams. In 1985, Douglas Adams went to Madagascar in search of the (possibly extinct) lemur the aye-aye. The trip was part of a project by the World Wide Fund for Nature and British Sunday newspaper The Observer, sending well-known authors to remote places to seek endangered species and write articles for The Observer Magazine, to help raise awareness of ecological issues. Adams was met in Madagascar by zoologist Mark Carwardine (who was working for the WWF at the time). The Observer project was successful, and Adams and Carwardine developed a radio series around the same concept for BBC Radio 4. Carwardine later said: "We put a big map of the world on a wall, Douglas stuck a pin in everywhere he fancied going, I stuck a pin in where all


id: last-child-in-the-woods-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Child_in_the_Woods-0.md
category: reference
title: Last Child in the Woods
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Child_in_the_Woods
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:40:03.271621+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: last-child-in-the-woods-20260505-0
summary:
Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children From Nature-Deficit Disorder is a 2005 book by author Richard Louv that documents decreased exposure of children to nature in American society and how this "nature-deficit disorder" harms children and society. The author also suggests solutions to the problems he describes. A revised and expanded edition was published in 2008. == Synopsis == In the book, Louv argues that modern children are increasingly separated from nature compared to previous generations and that direct outdoor experience is essential for healthy development. He draws on research suggesting that reduced exposure to natural environments contributes to behavioral and emotional problems in children and that exposure can be therapeutic for children and adults suffering from traumatic stress, depression, obesity and many other disorders. Louv introduces the term "nature-deficit disorder" to describe the growing disconnection and writes that it affects "health, spiritual well-being, and many other areas, including [people's] ability to feel ultimately alive." Louv argues imaginative outdoor play have been displaced by organized activities such as sports, electronic media, and parental fears about safety. He attributes these shifts to cultural anxieties, media sensationalism, and restrictions that limit children's access to natural spaces. Louv notes that these


id: the-legacy-of-luna-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Legacy_of_Luna-0.md
category: reference
title: The Legacy of Luna
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Legacy_of_Luna
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:40:04.444711+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-legacy-of-luna-20260505-0
summary:
The Legacy of Luna is a book written by Julia Butterfly Hill about her experiences while treesitting in a tree named Luna in the late 1990s. == Book == The book is based on true events and written like a diary of the two years Julia Butterfly Hill spent squatting in an ancient redwood in order to protect it. The tree had been named Luna by activists. Hill began treesitting in December 1997 and stopped when she made a deal with the Pacific Lumber Company. In a first person narrative, Hill relates how she appealed to the universal spirit and spoke to the tree. All profits went to the Circle of Life Foundation. The book was published by HarperCollins in 2000. == Reception == Publishers Weekly found her book a "a remarkable inspirational document" whilst also disparaging her "mushy New Age ruminations". Other reviews also enjoyed the first person account of events and praised Hill's activism. == Film adaptation == Rachel Weisz was set to star as Hill in a film adaptation of The Legacy of Luna called Luna, directed by Deepa Mehta. She worked to get the project off the ground, but was unable to do so. She said


id: livestock-s-long-shadow-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestock's_Long_Shadow-0.md
category: reference
title: Livestock's Long Shadow
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestock's_Long_Shadow
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:40:06.734046+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: livestock-s-long-shadow-20260505-0
summary:
Livestock's Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options is a United Nations report, released by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations on 29 November 2006, that "aims to assess the full impact of the livestock sector on environmental problems, along with potential technical and policy approaches to mitigation". It stated that livestock accounts for 18% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, a figure which FAO changed to 14.5% in its 2013 study Tackling climate change through livestock. The report was a source of controversy at the time of its publication: both because some scholars thought that the report underestimated the impact of livestock on climate change, while Meat industry stakeholders both publicly critiqued the report and influenced meat producing countries to complain to FAO. == Report == Livestock's Long Shadow is an assessment of research, taking into account direct impacts of livestock production, along with the impacts of feed crop cultivation. The report states that the livestock sector is one of the top two or three most significant contributors to serious environmental problems. The findings of this report suggest that it should be a major policy focus when dealing with problems of land degradation, climate change and air


id: living-in-the-hothouse-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_in_the_Hothouse-0.md
category: reference
title: Living in the Hothouse
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_in_the_Hothouse
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:40:07.884081+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: living-in-the-hothouse-20260505-0
summary:
Living in the Hothouse: How Global Warming Affects Australia is a 2005 book by Professor Ian Lowe which is a sequel to his Living in the Greenhouse (1989). The book presents a detailed analysis of climate change science and the likely impact of climate change in Australia. Living in the Hothouse also offers a critical overview of the Howard government's policy response to climate change in Australia. Ian Lowe, AO, is a scientist, environmental policy analyst, and president of the Australian Conservation Foundation, who has served on many federal, state and local government committees. Other books by Ian Lowe include Reaction Time and A Big Fix. == See also == List of Australian environmental books Climate change in Australia == References ==


id: the-living-soil-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Living_Soil-0.md
category: reference
title: The Living Soil
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Living_Soil
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:40:08.993698+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-living-soil-20260505-0
summary:
The Living Soil (1943) by Lady Eve Balfour is considered a seminal classic in organic agriculture and the organic movement. The book is based on the initial findings of the first three years of the Haughley Experiment, the first formal, side-by-side farm trial to compare organic and chemical-based farming, started in 1939 by Balfour (with Alice Debenham), on two adjoining farms in Haughley Green, Suffolk, England. The Living Soil was also published as The Living Soil and the Haughley Experiment. == References == == External links == Soil And Health Library - full text repository for The Living Soil


id: the-machine-in-neptune-s-garden-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Machine_in_Neptune's_Garden-0.md
category: reference
title: The Machine in Neptune's Garden
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Machine_in_Neptune's_Garden
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:40:10.183636+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-machine-in-neptune-s-garden-20260505-0
summary:
The Machine in Neptune's Garden: Historical Perspectives on Technology and the Marine Environment is a 2004 book edited by Helen M. Rozwadowski and David K. van Keuren. The book takes its name from Leo Marx's influential book The Machine in the Garden. It is a product of the Maury III conference on the history of oceanography held in Monterey, California in 2001. It argues the centrality of technology to the acquisition of knowledge of the oceans and contains ten thematically linked essays on the indispensable role of technology in the history of ocean science. It "demonstrate[s] that historians of science and technology should pay more attention to the history and historiography of oceanography." It is the most prominent work combining the history of technology, environmental history, and history of ocean sciences, and it is considered a foundational work in history of technology of the oceans and in the history of the marine environment. == Contents == The book contains an introduction by Keith R. Benson and editors Helen M. Rozwadowski and David K. van Keuren, and ten chapters by historians of science and technology. The volume is dedicated to historian of science Philip F. Rehbock, who had died in 2002.


id: the-machine-in-the-garden-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Machine_in_the_Garden-0.md
category: reference
title: The Machine in the Garden
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Machine_in_the_Garden
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:40:11.357187+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-machine-in-the-garden-20260505-0
summary:
The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America is a 1964 work of literary criticism written by Leo Marx and published by Oxford University Press. The title of the book refers to a trope in American literature representing the interruption of pastoral scenery by technology due to the industrialization of America during the 19th and 20th century. For example, the trope notably appears in Henry David Thoreau's Walden (1854) when the whistling sound of a steam locomotive disrupts the natural landscape of Walden Pond. Marx uses this literary metaphor to illustrate the relationship between culture and technology in the United States as depicted in the work of American authors such as Herman Melville, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry David Thoreau, Mark Twain, Frank Norris, Henry Adams, Henry James, and F. Scott Fitzgerald. == Synopsis == Marx identifies a major theme in literature of the nineteenth century—the dialectical tension between the pastoral ideal in America and the rapid and sweeping transformations wrought by machine technology. This tension is expressed "everywhere" in literature by the recurring image of the machine in the garden—that is, the sudden and shocking intrusion of technology into a pastoral scene. "Within the


id: making-peace-with-the-planet-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Making_Peace_with_the_Planet-0.md
category: reference
title: Making Peace with the Planet
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Making_Peace_with_the_Planet
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:40:12.522174+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: making-peace-with-the-planet-20260505-0
summary:
Making Peace With the Planet is a 1990 book by Barry Commoner. Commoner argues that, despite billions of dollars spent to save the environment, America is still in a deep environmental crisis. The book argues that environmental pollution can be prevented only through fundamental redesign of the way we produce goods. == References ==


id: the-malay-archipelago-20260505-0
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago-0.md
category: reference
title: The Malay Archipelago
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:40:13.787700+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-malay-archipelago-20260505-0
summary:
The Malay Archipelago is a book by the English naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace which chronicles his scientific exploration, during the eight-year period 1854 to 1862, of the southern portion of the Malay Archipelago including Malaysia, Singapore, the islands of Indonesia, then known as the Dutch East Indies, and the island of New Guinea. It was published in two volumes in 1869, delayed by Wallace's ill health and the work needed to describe the many specimens he brought home. The book went through ten editions in the nineteenth century; it has been reprinted many times since, and has been translated into at least twelve languages. The book describes each island that he visited in turn, giving a detailed account of its physical and human geography, its volcanoes, and the variety of animals and plants that he found and collected. At the same time, he describes his experiences, the difficulties of travel, and the help he received from the different peoples that he met. The preface notes that he travelled over 14,000 miles and collected 125,660 natural history specimens, mostly of insects though also thousands of molluscs, birds, mammals and reptiles. The work was illustrated with engravings, based on Wallace's observations and


id: the-malay-archipelago-20260505-1
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago-1.md
category: reference
title: The Malay Archipelago
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:40:13.787700+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-malay-archipelago-20260505-0
summary:
The Malay Archipelago was largely written at Treeps, Wallace's wife's family home in Hurstpierpoint, West Sussex. It was first published in Spring 1869 in two volumes by Macmillan (London), with a reprint (also in two volumes) marked 'second edition' the same year. The first US edition year by Harper & Brothers (New York) appeared in 1869 in a single volume. Wallace returned to England in 1862, but explains in the Preface that given the large quantity of specimens and his poor health after his stay in the tropics, it took a long time. He noted that he could at once have printed his notes and journals, but felt that doing that would have been disappointing and unhelpful. Instead, therefore, he waited until he had published papers on his discoveries, and other scientists had described and named as new species some 2,000 of his beetles (Coleoptera), and over 900 Hymenoptera including 200 new species of ant. The book went through 10 editions, with the last published in 1890. It has been translated into at least twelve languages. == Illustrations == The illustrations are, according to the Preface, made from Wallace's own sketches, photographs, or specimens. Wallace thanks Walter and Henry Woodbury


id: the-malay-archipelago-20260505-2
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago-2.md
category: reference
title: The Malay Archipelago
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:40:13.787700+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-malay-archipelago-20260505-0
summary:
10 Bali And Lombock Wallace is grateful for an involuntary stop in Bali, which he finds one of the most interesting places of his trip, as Hindu customs and religion are still practised, while on Lombok he finds Australian birds such as cockatoos, observing that this is the most westerly point of that family's range. 11 Lombock—Manners And Customs On Lombok, Wallace observes how guns are made, witnessing the boring of gun barrels by two men rotating a pole which is weighted down by a basket of stones. He describes the Sasak people of the island, and the custom of running amok. 12 Lombock—How The Rajah Took The Census The whole chapter is taken up with a legend, which Wallace calls an anecdote, about the rajah (king) of Lombok. It involves taxation, needles and sacred krisses. 13 Timor Wallace describes the island of Timor, its abundance of fan-palms, its people who are like Papuans, and the Portuguese government which he considers extremely poor. On some hills he finds Eucalyptus (gum) trees, a genus from Australia; he finds the vegetation monotonous also. 14 Natural History of the Timor Group He finds the mixture of bird species intermediate between those of Java


id: the-malay-archipelago-20260505-3
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago-3.md
category: reference
title: The Malay Archipelago
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:40:13.787700+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-malay-archipelago-20260505-0
summary:
24 Batchian He is lent a house by the Sultan, who offers him tea and cakes but asks him to teach him to make maps and to give him a gun and a milking goat, "all of which requests I evaded as skilfully as I was able". His servant Ali shoots a new bird of paradise, Wallace's standardwing, "a great prize" and a "striking novelty". He is a little disappointed in the range of insects and birds, but discovers new species of roller, sunbird and is happy to see the racquet-tailed kingfisher. His house is burgled twice; a blacksmith manages to pick his locks and make him a new set of keys; and he discovers a new species of birdwing butterfly. 25 Ceram, Goram, and the Matabello Islands He travels to Ceram, where he enjoys the company of a multilingual Flemish plantation owner. He finds few birds despite constant searching and wading through rivers; the water and the rough ground destroy both his pairs of shoes, and he returns home on the last day lame from walking "in my stockings very painfully". Sailing in the Matabello Islands, he is blown ten miles off course, his men fearing being swept on


id: the-malay-archipelago-20260505-4
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago-4.md
category: reference
title: The Malay Archipelago
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:40:13.787700+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-malay-archipelago-20260505-0
summary:
31 The Aru Islands—Journey and Residence in the Interior He is brought a king bird-of-paradise, amusing the islanders with his excitement; it had been one of his goals for travelling to the archipelago. He reflects on how their beauty is wasted in the "dark and gloomy woods, with no intelligent eye to gaze upon their loveliness", but that when "civilized man" reaches the islands he will certainly upset the balance of nature and make the birds extinct. He finds the men the most beautiful of all the peoples he has stayed among, the women less handsome "except in extreme youth". 32 The Aru Islands—Second Residence in Dobbo He sees a cock-fight in the street, but is more interested in a game of football, played with a hollow ball of rattan, and remarks the "excessive cheapness" of all goods including those made in Europe or America, which he believes causes idleness and drunkenness because there is no need to work hard to obtain goods. He admires a crimson-flowered tree surrounded with flocks of blue and orange lories. He is given some birds' nest soup, which he found almost tasteless. 33 The Aru Islands—Physical Geography and Aspects of Nature The islands are


id: the-malay-archipelago-20260505-5
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago-5.md
category: reference
title: The Malay Archipelago
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:40:13.787700+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-malay-archipelago-20260505-0
summary:
40 The Races of Man in the Malay Archipelago Wallace ends the book by describing his views on the peoples of the archipelago. He finds the Malays, such as the Javanese, the most civilised, though he describes the Dyaks of Borneo and the Bataks of Sumatra, among others, as "the savage Malays". He quotes the traveller Nicolo Conti's 1430 account of them, with other early descriptions. He thinks the Papuan the opposite of the Malay, impulsive and demonstrative where the Malay is impassive and taciturn. He speculates about their origins, and in a note at the end, criticises English society. ==== Appendix ==== On Crania And Languages Wallace mentions Huxley's theory, and Dr. Joseph Barnard Davis's book Thesaurus Craniorum, which supposed that human races could be distinguished by the shape of the cranium, the dome of the skull, of which theory Wallace is sceptical. However he lists measurements he had taken of the crania of "Malays" and "Papuans", noting that within the Malay group there was enormous variation. He had few skulls in the Papuan group and there were no definite differences between the two groups. The language appendix lists 9 words (black, white, fire, water, large, small, nose, tongue,


id: the-malay-archipelago-20260505-6
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago-6.md
category: reference
title: The Malay Archipelago
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:40:13.787700+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-malay-archipelago-20260505-0
summary:
a highly valuable and intensely interesting contribution to our knowledge of a part of the world but little known in Europe or America. But few of our tourists ever visit it, and scarcely any have ever gone to explore it. Mr. Wallace is not an amateur traveler, making a hasty visit, to return and write a hasty and almost useless book. He is an enthusiastic naturalist, a geographer, and geologist, a student of man and nature. The reviewer notes the region is "of terrific grandeur, parts of it being perpetually illuminated by discharging volcanoes, and all of it frequently shaken with earthquakes." The review summarises the book's geographical reach and style in a paragraph. ==== The Popular Science Review ==== The Popular Science Review began by writing that "We never remember to have taken up a book which gave us more pleasure". It was quite unlike the dull journey logs of most travel books; it was "a romance, which is, nevertheless, plain matter of fact". The review especially admires the way that Wallace "has generalised on the facts" rather than just shooting "a multitude of birds" and interminably describing them. The account notes that Wallace was the joint originator of


id: the-malay-archipelago-20260505-7
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago-7.md
category: reference
title: The Malay Archipelago
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:40:13.787700+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-malay-archipelago-20260505-0
summary:
==== Revue des Deux Mondes ==== The book's fame spread beyond the English-speaking world. R. Radau wrote a lengthy review of Un naturaliste dans l'Archipel Malais in the French Revue des Deux Mondes. Radau notes the many deaths from volcanic eruptions in the archipelago, before explaining the similarity of the fauna of Java and Sumatra with that of central Asia, while that of the Celebes carries the mark of Australia, seeming to be the last representatives of another age. Radau describes Wallace's experiences in Singapore, where goods were far cheaper than in Europe – wire, knives, corkscrews, gunpowder, writing-paper, and he remarks on the spread of the Jesuits into the interior, though the missionaries had to live on just 750 francs a year. Singapore was covered in wooded hills, and the sawn wood and rotten trunks supported innumerable beetles for the naturalist to study. The only disagreeable element was that the tigers that roared in the forest devoured on average one Chinese per day, especially in the ginger plantations. Radau summarises one passage from the book after another: the orang utans of Borneo wrestling open the jaws of a crocodile, or killing a python; the Timorese walking up tall trees,


id: the-malay-archipelago-20260505-8
file: data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago-8.md
category: reference
title: The Malay Archipelago
tags: science, encyclopedia
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago
date_saved: 2026-05-05T08:40:13.787700+00:00
instance: kb-cron
parent: the-malay-archipelago-20260505-0
summary:
== Influence on other works == The Malay Archipelago influenced many works starting with those of Wallace's contemporaries. The novelist Joseph Conrad used it as source material for some of his novels, including Almayer's Folly, An Outcast of the Islands, and The Rescue. Commentators have suggested it had a particularly profound influence on Lord Jim, crediting it with among other things the inspiration for the character Stein the entomologist. Conrad's assistant Richard Curle wrote that The Malay Archipelago was Conrad's favourite bedside book; Conrad refers directly to what he calls Alfred Wallace's famous book on the Malay Archipelago in The Secret Agent. In his short story, Neil MacAdam, W. Somerset Maugham has the title character read The Malay Archipelago while travelling to Borneo, and its influence can be felt in the story's description of that island. More recently, the book has influenced a number of non-fiction books including The Song of the Dodo by David Quammen (1997), which discussed Wallace's contributions to the field of island biogeography; The Spice Islands Voyage by Tim Severin (1997) that retraced Wallace's travels; and Archipelago: The Islands of Indonesia, by Gavan Daws (1999), which compared the environment described by Wallace with the modern state


