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--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/365_Days_of_Astronomy-0.md
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+---
+title: "365 Days of Astronomy"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/365_Days_of_Astronomy"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:02.849065+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+365 Days of Astronomy is an educational podcast, inspired by the International Year of Astronomy, published daily beginning in 2009. It is produced as a collaboration between Southern Illinois University Edwardsville and Astrosphere New Media Association. The individual episodes are written, recorded, and produced by people all around the world. The podcast had 3,000–10,000 listeners each day.
+
+
+== History ==
+In 2008, astronomer Pamela Gay initiated brainstorming via e-mail on possible "new media" programs for 2009, the International Year of Astronomy (IYA). The discussion included Michael Koppelman from Slacker Astronomy, Phil Plait of Bad Astronomy, and others involved in the IYA. Their ideas were distilled down into the 365 Days Of Astronomy podcast. The podcast was to publish one episode per day over the entire year of 2009 and was originally planned to only run for that year.
+In 2009, 365 Days of Astronomy released an episode with Ray Bradbury as a guest. During the podcast he spoke about one of his books, The Martian Chronicles, and said "We didn't think we could do it, and we did it! It was quite amazing" referring to the crewed moon launches.
+In 2013, the show evolved to add video. In 2015, it joined the UNESCO International Year of Light.
+In 2017, 365 Days of Astronomy became a production of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, when the CosmoQuest grant moved to the ASP and Pamela Gay became the Director of Technology and Citizen Science at the ASP.
+
+
+== Production ==
+The intention is for individuals, schools, companies, and other organizations to record 5 to 10 minutes of audio for each episode. Contributors sign up for a particular day or for up to twelve episodes: one per month. Contributors include both professional and amateur astronomers as well as other scientists, historians, and others with an interest in astronomy. In the first three years of the project, contributors from every continent except Antarctica submitted episodes. Each episode has a common intro and outro that ties it to the overall theme. Avivah Yamani, project manager through 2012, was based in southeast Asia and expressed desire to encourage more diverse participants.
+The podcast's theme song, "Far", was written and recorded by George Hrab. A longer version of the song is available on his album Trebuchet, which was released in June 2010.
+
+
+== Contributors ==
+Contributors have included:
+
+Astronomy Cast
+Slacker Astronomy
+Awesome Astronomy
+Columbia University Astronomy
+Doug Ellison of Unmannedspaceflight.com
+Stuart Lowe of the Jodcast
+Ed Sunder of Flintstone Stargazing
+Tavi Greiner and Rob Keown of A Sky Full of Stars
+The Planetary Society's Planetary Radio
+
+
+== Education and outreach ==
+All of the episodes are archived and can be accessed at any time. The variety of astronomy-related topics and 5 to 10-minute run-time makes the podcast an excellent learning and outreach resource for various venues including star parties, classrooms, home-school, drive-time, or while working at the computer. Topics range from "Why Stargazing is Cool" to "Dark Matter and Dark Energy" to "Will the World End in 2012?".
+
+
+== Parsec award ==
+In 2009, the 365 Days of Astronomy won a Parsec Award for Best Infotainment Podcast. It was one of five finalists and 50 nominees for the award that year. The award was accepted by George Hrab at the 2009 Dragon*Con convention.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_in_the_Mind_(Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation_radio)-0.md
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+---
+title: "All in the Mind (Australian Broadcasting Corporation radio)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_in_the_Mind_(Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation_radio)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:08.307883+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+All in the Mind is a weekly Australian Broadcasting Corporation Radio National program which explores the mind, brain and behaviour. As of 2021 it is hosted by journalist and podcaster Sana Qadar.
+The radio program has won a number of awards, including the Grand Medal at the 2008 New York Radio Festival for a series of shows entitled The Brain Under Siege and Best Health/Wellbeing Podcast at the 2022 Australian Podcast Awards.
+All in the Mind was previously hosted by Australian science journalist Natasha Mitchell (from 2002-2012) and journalist and broadcaster Lynne Malcolm (from 2012-2021). Malcolm has written a book informed by stories covered on the program.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am_I_Normal-0.md
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+---
+title: "Am I Normal?"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am_I_Normal?"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:09.505217+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Am I Normal? is a BBC Radio 4 science documentary programme presented by Vivienne Parry. The programme examines what constitutes "normal" with regard to physical and psychological health, exploring where medical professionals draw boundaries between typical variation and conditions requiring treatment. The Guardian described it as "fascinating stuff".
+
+
+== Format ==
+Each episode features Parry interviewing doctors, patients, and scientific experts about a specific topic, questioning assumptions about normality. Parry uses an alphabet board to communicate with guests, and a transcriber writes down what she spells out. Topics covered across the eight series included cancer, blood pressure, childbirth, dyslexia, drinking, depression, ageing, autism, sexuality, immunology, obsessive-compulsive disorder, health anxiety, and eating behaviour.
+
+
+== Broadcast history ==
+The programme ran for eight series and 34 episodes between August 2006 and August 2011:
+
+Series 1: 22 August – 12 September 2006
+Series 2: 14 November – 12 December 2006
+Series 3: 31 July – 21 August 2007
+Series 4: 4–25 March 2008
+Series 5: 30 September – 21 October 2008
+Series 6: 24 February – 17 March 2009
+Series 7: 2–23 March 2010
+Series 8: 19 July – 10 August 2011
+The first episode examined psychosis.
+
+
+=== Television adaptation ===
+In April 2008, a four-part television adaptation aired on BBC Two, presented by psychologist Tanya Byron rather than Parry. The television series explored the themes of addiction, faith, sex, and body image, examining questions such as whether behavioural addictions are genuine physiological conditions and how hearing religious voices differs from auditory hallucinations.
+
+
+== References ==
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibian_Species_of_the_World-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibian_Species_of_the_World-0.md
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+---
+title: "Amphibian Species of the World"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibian_Species_of_the_World"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:43:03.283288+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Amphibian Species of the World 6.2: An Online Reference (ASW) is a herpetology database.  It lists the names of frogs, salamanders and other amphibians, which scientists first described each species and what year, and the animal's known range.
+The American Museum of Natural History hosts Amphibian Species of the World, which is updated by herpetologist Darrel Frost.  As of 2024, it contained more than 8700 species.
+
+
+== History ==
+The Association of Systematics Collections (ASC) started this project in 1978 because the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES) needed a database for animals. (The ASC later changed its name to Natural Science Collections Alliance.) The ASC's Stephen R. Edwards wrote Mammal Species of the World first and started Amphibian Species of the World second.  Edwards decided to write about living amphibians because Richard G. Zweifel had just composed a large list of amphibian names and because experts from the University of Kansas were available to assist him. Darrel Frost joined the project to help Edwards.  Frost planned to write Turtle and Crocodilian Species of the World next, but he left to complete his Ph.D. instead.
+The first version of the catalogue was published as a book in 1985, and well received by specialists in the field.
+In 1989, the ASC gave the copyright for Amphibian Species of the World to the Herpetologists' League, and they added more amphibians to the database.  The League and American Museum of Natural History put Darrel Frost in charge of the project.  At the time, Frost was a curator at the American Museum of Natural History.  Frost added more information for professional herpetologists to use and made many corrections.  He added more species that had been discovered since 1985.  The project's own page notes that there are ten times as many amphibian species known to science today than were known in the mid-1980s.
+In July 1999, the catalogue was first published on the internet, in its 2.0 version. New versions were added in 2004, 2006 and 2007. The 6.0 version, published in 2014, allows for real-time modifications.
+The 6.2 version was published in January 2023. As of August, the website contains 8,674 species and over 17,848 references.
+
+
+== Critical response ==
+According to Amphibians.org, "For three decades ASW has been the primary reference for amphibian taxonomy." In 2013, Frost won the Sabin Award for his work on Amphibian Species of the World.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Mammal Species of the World
+AmphibiaWeb
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== Other websites ==
+
+Site hosted by American Museum of Natural History
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_(radio_show)-0.md
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+---
+title: "Andromeda (radio show)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_(radio_show)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:10.729827+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Andromeda is a Croatian radio show covering topics in astronomy, astrophysics, and astronautics.
+
+
+== History ==
+The show was started by journalist Tanja Devčić and astronomer Ante Radonić, head of the planetarium at the Technical Museum in Zagreb. It has been broadcast since 1997 on the second program of Croatian Radio, every Tuesday from 8:00 pm to 10:00 pm. Over the years, the show has hosted numerous scientists such as Charles Duke and Mike Vucelić who participated in the Apollo project, while the most frequent guest is astronomer Korado Korlević.
+At the end of August 2012, it was announced that the show was being canceled, or that the concept and the name itself were changing. However, the show continued to be recorded every week, at the Technical Museum in Zagreb. In June 2013, after editorial changes, the show began airing again as the second program of Croatian Radio.
+
+
+== References ==
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy_Cast-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy_Cast-0.md
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+---
+title: "Astronomy Cast"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy_Cast"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:04.204851+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Astronomy Cast is an educational nonprofit podcast discussing various topics in the field of astronomy. The specific subject matter of each episode shifts from week to week, ranging from planets and stars to cosmology and mythbusting. Premiering on September 10, 2006, the weekly show is co-hosted by Fraser Cain and Dr. Pamela L. Gay. Fraser Cain is the publisher of the space and astronomy news site Universe Today and has a YouTube channel with over 200,000 subscribers. The other host, Dr. Pamela L. Gay, is a Senior Education and Communication Specialist and Senior Scientist for the Planetary Science Institute and the director of CosmoQuest. Each show usually has a length of approximately 30 minutes, and all shows, past and present, are accessible for download through the Astronomy Cast archive, as well as in podcast format.
+The Astronomy Cast official website also hosts the blog Astronomy Cast LIVE, which covers select astronomy meetings using various bloggers, including Cain, Gay, and Phil Plait, as well as recent astronomy-related news and events. A public forum, the Astronomy Cast Forum, where registered members and site visitors may share and exchange valuable information can also be found on the website and is created under Bad Astronomer and Universe Today Forum.
+
+
+== Format ==
+Labeled as "a fact-based journey through the cosmos" that aims to help the listeners understand "not only what we know, but how we know what we know," the show offers a large amount of information in the form of a  conversation between the two co-hosts, with more resources and show notes available on the show's website to aid the listeners in their attempt to understand the material covered. Several "enhanced" podcast episodes accompanied by pictures have also been released, but this experiment was terminated due to the large file size associated with the pictures and small number of downloads compared to the regular format.
+There are also episodes in which listeners' questions are answered. Initially the question shows were produced irregularly (ten shows as of September 2008), but as the number of questions received increased a question show will be released weekly when possible. The hosts have also experimented with student questions shows where they have sent recording equipment to schools who have requested it. The students have then recorded questions to ask the hosts, which are then answered and edited into a special show available separately on the Astronomy Cast website. As of June 2008, two shows have been done in this format, and this ongoing project has been sponsored by NASA's Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope.
+Astronomy Cast has covered a wide variety of topics ranging from the planets in the Solar System to the end of the universe, from the Big Bang to black holes. All previous episodes can be downloaded from the Astronomy Cast website archive in MP3 format or through major pod-catching software such as iTunes.
+As of September 2019, the shows are streamed live on the Astronomy Cast YouTube channel and are co-streamed live on CosmoQuest's Twitch channel. The opening 20–30 minute segment dealing with the topic of the week is then later converted into podcast format. Where time permits, both hosts often continue to stream for approximately another half hour, answering questions posed to them on the topic just covered, as well as other astronomy & science related subjects. The questions are posed by viewers of the live stream who post in the YouTube chat during the broadcast, as well as on other social media platforms. The full, unedited version of the video is then uploaded to the Astronomy Cast channel, as well as to those of CosmoQuest and Fraser Cain, while the edited podcast is uploaded soon after.
+
+
+== Audience ==
+The listeners of Astronomy Cast vary widely in demographics, but the vast majority is between the ages of 18 and 53 according to a conducted survey. It is believed that the lack of young listeners is caused by the fact that Astronomy Cast may prove slightly too advanced for a younger audience and that the shortage of older listeners is due to the generation's relative unfamiliarity with technology and portable devices. Moreover, although Astronomy Cast is aimed at both the male and female audiences, only about 9% of the listeners are female.
+
+
+== Milestones ==
+Astronomy Cast was nominated for the Technology/Science section of the 2008 People's Choice Podcast Awards.
+As of September 2024, Astronomy Cast has produced over 700 podcasts.
+In 2017, the hosts of Astronomy Cast were invited to a week-long celebration hosted by Twitch (service) in honor of Science Week. Fraser Cain and Dr. Pamela L. Gay were two of many prominent personalities in the space and science field to be interviewed for the event.
+In July 2018, Astronomy Cast was mentioned in an article written by Mental Floss. The magazine included Astronomy Cast in a list they called, "15 Podcasts That Will Make You Feel Smarter."
+In September 2018, Astronomy Cast recorded its 500th episode in front of a live audience, in addition to the usual YouTube live stream. The event was part of the AC:500 celebration, an event which was primarily organized & executed by the fans & supporters of the series, and in association with the Weekly Space Hangout, which also recorded & streamed a live episode during the event. The event was held in Edwardsville, IL, from September 14–16, 2018, and included a live recording of one of Cain's "Q & A" videos on various space-related topics, an astronomy-inspired "planet painting" art session with Dr. Gay, and a sidewalk astronomy event held in conjunction with various fans of the show, members of local star-gazing societies, which was open free of charge to the general public & passers-by.
+
+
+== See also ==
+
+Universe Today
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
+Astronomy Cast YouTube channel
+CosmoQuest homepage
+The Weekly Space Hangout (YouTube)
+Fraser Cain (YouTube)
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastelstunde-0.md
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+---
+title: "Bastelstunde"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastelstunde"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:12.010475+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Die Bastelstunde (meaning Bricolage Hour or Hobby Hour) was a radio hobby show that aired on Austrian radio from 1929 to 1952. Bastelstunde appears to have been, globally, the first such radio show in which the moderator was building and explaining certain technical and craft projects. The show aired first on RAVAG Vienna on 8 October 1929, before being taken over by ORF Radio and was geared towards "children and other bastlers". During the time of Anschluss, when Austria was annexed to Germany from 1938 to 1945, Bastelstunde was taken over by Nazi German radio and its content was adapted to the craft bricolage needs of soldiers. After World War II the show was continued as before the war.
+
+
+== Radio host Oskar Grissemann ==
+
+The broadcast was devised and presented by Ing. Oskar Grissemann, who hosted the show from 1929 to his death in 1952 through four governmental systems, two parliamentary democracies and two dictatorships, one of them Nazi Germany. Oskar Grissemann was the uncle of Austrian radio legend and stage actor Ernst Grissemann and the Great Uncle of comedian and radio and TV host Christoph Grissemann. Grissemann was known endearingly as the "Bastelonkel" — the uncle who teaches arts, crafts and engineering projects.
+
+
+== Implementation modes ==
+In the late 1920s, when radio was a very new medium, Grissemann and RAVAG experimented with innovative delivery formats, combining printed broadcast schedules with material lists. While do-it-yourself radio building kits were offered at about the same time (Radio-Electronics magazine) in the United States, Bastelstunde was a craft-building via radio show that was originally intended for children and the young-at-heart. Notably, it includes engineering projects such as miniature sailing boats, electric lights and radio receivers later on. By 1933, Bastelstunde would be announced beyond the reach of the Vienna station, for instance in Innsbruck radio broadcast schedules, and later in the 1930s would be co-broadcast with written print instructions that would complement the oral, live delivered, building instructions, which was soon met with some fandom and excitement.
+In late March 1938, shortly after Anschluss, Radio Wien magazine attested to the popularity of the show. It featured an article on Grisseman and his show, acknowledging that in such "serious" times arts and crafts might not be the most pressing issue, but reported on an "important man of business" who was known to follow the bricolage shows regularly as the "relaxation" — listening and building — of the best kind.
+
+
+== Media cultural relevance ==
+Critics of radio, the new technology, were manifold in the 1920s and early 1930s. They reached from expressing general cultural warnings of raising a generation of people who would prefer to passively listen than act, to those worried about the abuse of the method by the new political parties and agents. In the former context, Bastelstunde, its longevity and consistent fan base through all forms of government in Austria, proved that radio can inspire listeners to get more active than they'd be otherwise.
+For the 1920s, only five years after the introduction of radio broadcasting in Austria, this show was a domestically grown innovation, based on Grissmann's lived experience. A participatory element was introduced in the first year in form of a contest that assessed the quality of the products, creating a radio community with two-way communication.
+Such shows were consequently moved to TV and with the programme reform in the early 1970s became a central part of Austrian children's TV (Am Dam Des, 1000 Tricks) and elementary public school pedagogy alike.
+
+
+== References ==
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Picture_Science-0.md
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+---
+title: "Big Picture Science"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Picture_Science"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:05.470812+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Big Picture Science is an independent national science radio program and podcast hosted by astronomer Seth Shostak and journalist Molly Bentley, the executive producer of the show.
+The program uses innovative storytelling to connect trends in contemporary research and technology. Episodes are thematic, providing in-depth discussion of the latest developments in science. Guests include researchers from academic, public and private spheres, popular science writers, cultural critics, engineers, and ethicists focused on science. Regular  "Skeptic Check," episodes are devoted to critical thinking and take on topics in junk science and the paranormal.
+The show is broadcast on approximately 155 radio stations, many of them NPR affiliates. These include KALW in San Francisco, WCMU-FM in Michigan, WVPE in Indiana, WHRV in Virginia, WIEC in Wisconsin, and WNYE in New York City. It is carried on about two dozen Native American stations. The show is also available for download via podcast and direct download from podcast networks as well as the show's website where archived shows from 2006 on can also be found. Episodes are cut to an NPR clock.
+Big Picture Science was formerly titled Are We Alone? and was produced at the SETI Institute until January 2025 when the show went independent.  It is distributed through the Public Radio Satellite System and  Public Radio Exchange.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
+Blog Picture Science at the Wayback Machine (archived July 23, 2019)
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit,_byte,_gebissen-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit,_byte,_gebissen-0.md
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+---
+title: "Bit, byte, gebissen"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit,_byte,_gebissen"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:13.199881+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Bit, byte, gebissen (German for Bit, Byte, Bitten) was a German radio program. It was the first program on computer topics on public radio in Germany, produced by the Bayerischer Rundfunk (Bavarian Broadcasting). Bit, byte, gebissen was broadcast from October 1985 to September 1993. It ran weekly on Mondays and was half an hour long.
+The idea was of the radio program was born out of the boom of home computers and video game consoles starting to fascinate youngsters at the beginning of the 1980s. Another successful program on computer topics for adolescent radio listeners was Chippie from the Hessischer Rundfunk (Hessian Broadcasting), starting in 1990.
+
+
+== External links ==
+Die Zündfunk-Hall-of-Fame: Das erste Computermagazin (in German)
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloggingheads.tv-0.md
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+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:06.895220+00:00"
 instance: "kb-cron"
 ---

--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloggingheads.tv-1.md
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+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:06.895220+00:00"
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--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)-0.md
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+---
+title: "Brian Dunning (author)"
+chunk: 1/2
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:11.799723+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Brian Andrew Dunning (born 1965) is an American writer and producer who focuses on science and skepticism. He has hosted a weekly podcast, Skeptoid, since 2006, and he is an author of a series of books on the subject of scientific skepticism, some of which are based on the podcast. Skeptoid has been the recipient of several podcast awards such as the Parsec Award. Dunning has also created the Skeptoid.org spin-off video series, inFact, and The Feeding Tube both available on YouTube.
+Dunning has produced two educational films on the subject of critical thinking: Here Be Dragons in 2008, and Principles of Curiosity in 2017.
+Dunning co-founded Buylink, a business-to-business service provider, in 1996, and served at the company until 2002. He later became eBay's second-biggest affiliate marketer; he has since been convicted of wire fraud through a cookie stuffing scheme, for his company fraudulently obtaining between $200,000 and $400,000 from eBay. In August 2014, he was sentenced to 15 months in prison, followed by three years of supervision.
+
+== Career ==
+
+=== Buylink ===
+In 1996 Dunning co-founded and was chief technology officer for Buylink Corporation. Buylink received venture capital funding from Hummer Winblad Venture Partners. In 2000 he participated in a presentation on Buylink at The Berkeley Entrepreneurs Forum called Bricks to Clicks in the New Internet Reality. He discussed the company on CNNfn's Market Call, in Rhonda Schaffler's Maverick of the Morning segment. In 2002, Dunning left his position as CTO of BuyLink.
+Between 1997 and 2005 he was technical editor for FileMaker Advisor magazine, and contributing editor of ISO FileMaker Magazine, 1996–2002, winning one of the FileMaker Excellence Awards at the 2001 FileMaker Developers Conference.
+
+=== Skeptical activism ===
+Beginning in 2006, Dunning hosted and produced Skeptoid, a weekly audio podcast dedicated "to furthering knowledge by blasting away the widespread pseudosciences that infect popular culture, and replacing them with way cooler reality". He is also the author of the book of the same title and a sequel.
+Beginning in 2007, Dunning periodically released video episodes of his InFact series. Each episode is under four minutes long and covers issues similar to those explored in more depth in the Skeptoid podcast, but is intended to reach a wider audience due to its brevity and availability on YouTube.
+In 2008 Dunning produced Here Be Dragons, a free 40-minute video introduction to critical thinking intended for general audiences, and received an award from the Portland Humanist Film Festival for this in November 2011.
+In 2010 Dunning was awarded the Parsec Award for "Best Fact Behind the Fiction Podcast". In August 2010 he received an award recognizing his contributions in the skeptical field from the Independent Investigations Group (IIG) during its 10th Anniversary Gala.
+In June 2017 Dunning's second film, Principles of Curiosity, was released. According to Dunning, this "presents a general introduction to the foundations of scientific skepticism and critical thinking... It is nonprofit, noncommercial, and licensed for free public, and private screenings. It is provided with free educational materials for teachers, designed for high school through college. It is suitable for all audiences. Its 40-minute runtime should fit into most classes."
+In October 2019, a special preview of the Skeptoid Media documentary, Science Friction, was shown after CSICon in Las Vegas. Through a series of interviews, the film addresses the issue of scientists and skeptics being misrepresented by the media. Produced by Dunning and directed by filmmaker and comedian Emery Emery, release of the film is scheduled for 2020.
+Dunning has written articles for Skepticblog.org, published by The Skeptics Society, and was an executive producer for the unreleased network television pilot The Skeptologists.
+He is a member of the National Association of Science Writers, and  is the "Chancellor" of the non-accredited "Thunderwood College", a parody of unaccredited institutions of higher learning which offer "degrees" in a variety of subjects.
+
+=== Wire fraud case ===
+In August 2008, eBay filed suit against Dunning, accusing him of defrauding eBay and eBay affiliates in a cookie stuffing scheme for his company, Kessler's Flying Circus. In June 2010, based on the same allegations and following an investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, a grand jury indicted Dunning on charges of wire fraud. On April 15, 2013, in the San Jose, California, U.S. District Court, as part of a plea agreement, Dunning pleaded guilty to wire fraud. The eBay civil suit was dismissed in May 2014 after the parties came to an agreement, while Dunning was sentenced in August 2014 to fifteen months in prison as a result of his company receiving between $200,000 and $400,000 in fraudulent commissions from eBay. In a statement on his website, Dunning explained the circumstances, and initially accepted responsibility for his actions, although in a later account claimed to have been in the right and to have only pled guilty in order to protect his family and to avoid a longer jail term.
+
+== Skeptoid podcasts ==
+Skeptoid is Dunning's weekly podcast. The show follows an audio essay format, and is dedicated to the critical examination of pseudoscience and the paranormal. In May 2012, Skeptoid Media became a 501(c)(3) educational nonprofit.
+Along with similarly themed Point of Inquiry, Skepticality: The Official Podcast of Skeptic Magazine, and The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe, it is listed on an iTunes (US) web page of popular science and medicine podcasts. In May 2014, Skeptoid's website reported that the podcast had a weekly average of 161,000 downloads.
+Each roughly ten-minute Skeptoid episode focuses on a single issue that is generally pseudoscientific in nature. Transcriptions of the episodes are available on line, and usually fall into one of four categories:
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)-1.md
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@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+title: "Brian Dunning (author)"
+chunk: 2/2
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:11.799723+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Quackery medical modalities: such as homeopathy, reflexology, detoxification, or chiropractic
+Popular cultural misconceptions: such as organic foods, SUVs, and global warming
+Urban legends: such as crop circles, the Amityville Horror, the Phoenix Lights, or the Philadelphia Experiment
+Religion and mythology: such as creation legends, New Age religions, and concepts of sin
+Beginning in 2007, Dunning authored a series of books based upon the Skeptoid podcast episodes.
+Despite his shift away from the technology industry, Dunning continues to do computer programming, and does web development for his Skeptoid website.
+From 2022, the show is distributed by public media organization PRX's Dovetail publishing platform; PRX also provides sponsorship and promotional support.
+
+== Publications ==
+Strapping Young Lads (1 ed.). Xlibris Corp. 2001. p. 272. ISBN 978-1-4010-1168-0.
+Strapping Young Lads (2 ed.). CreateSpace. 2014. p. 322. ISBN 978-1-5008-5407-2.
+Dunning, Brian; Knox, Allyson; Becker, Lori (2003). Special Edition: Using Adobe GoLive 6. Que. p. 650. ISBN 978-0-7897-2727-5. OCLC 48678473.
+Skeptoid: Critical Analysis of Pop Phenomena. CreateSpace. 2007. p. 213. ISBN 978-1-4348-2166-9. OCLC 287154998.
+Skeptoid 2: More Critical Analysis of Pop Phenomena. CreateSpace. 2008. p. 265. ISBN 978-1-4404-2285-0. OCLC 589083050.
+Skeptoid 3: Pirates, Pyramids, and Papyrus. CreateSpace. 2011. p. 314. ISBN 978-1-4538-8118-7.
+Skeptoid 4: Astronauts, Aliens, and Ape-Men. CreateSpace. 2012. p. 349. ISBN 978-1-4752-0565-7.
+Skeptoid 5: Massacres, Monsters, and Miracles. CreateSpace. 2013. p. 359. ISBN 978-1-4927-0906-0.
+The Secret of the Gypsy Queen (illustrated by Jesse Horn). CreateSpace. 2013. p. 32. ISBN 978-1-4776-2623-8.
+Conspiracies Declassified: The Skeptoid Guide to the Truth Behind the Theories. Adams Media. 2018. p. 256. ISBN 978-1-5072-0699-7.
+
+== Filmography ==
+
+=== Science Friction ===
+Dunning was co-writer (with Emery Emery) of Science Friction, a documentary on how scientists are misrepresented in the media. It was released on Amazon Prime Video in 2022 and starred Matt Kirshen, Janine Krippner, Simon Singh, Banachek, Steven Novella, Michael Shermer, Richard Dawkins, Ben Radford, Zubin Damania, and Ken Feder amongst other scientists.
+
+=== The UFO Movie THEY Don't Want You to See ===
+In 2023 Dunning produced the documentary The UFO Movie THEY Don't Want You to See that explores the science behind UFOs. It was crowd-funded and is available as video-on demand and free, but ad-supported. The documentary was favorably reviewed in Psychology Today and the Skeptical Inquirer, and has been shown at the SETI Institute.
+
+== References ==
+
+== External links ==
+
+Official website
+Skeptoid Media
+Skeptoid Official website
+Brian Dunning at IMDb
+
+=== Films ===
+Here Be Dragons: an Introduction to Critical Thinking (Video). CreateSpace. 2008. ASIN B001CB153C. OCLC 270775142.
+Principles of Curiosity (Video). Skeptoid Media. 2017. Archived from the original on July 3, 2017. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chippie-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chippie-0.md
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+---
+title: "Chippie"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chippie"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:14.391727+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Chippie (hr2-Computermagazin) was a German radio program. It was one of the first programs on computer topics, produced by the Hessischer Rundfunk (Hessian Broadcasting).
+
+
+== History ==
+Chippie started in 1990. At first it was broadcast together with the youth magazine Radio unfrisiert, who won the Civis media prize that year. Later it got its own one-hour slot. The show was hosted by Claudia Bultje and Patrick Conley. Topics on the program were, for example: "Computer in Theater, Opera and Rock Concert" (2 May 1992), "Computer and Money" (5 September 1992), "Computers and Sex" (24 October 1992) and "Data Networks" (2 July 1994).
+The first computer magazine in German radio was Bit, byte, gebissen (BR, 1985). Today well-known programs are the Chaosradio (RBB) and Matrix (ORF).
+
+
+== References ==
+(in German) Barbara Krebs: "Chippie – das Computermagazin". In: PCpur & TEST Magazin, Vol. 5, No. 3 (March 1992): p. 154.
+
+
+== External links ==
+(in German) Game Boy & Co. Interview mit Chippie-Moderator Patrick Conley (hr3, 24. November 1991)
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellations_Publication-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellations_Publication-0.md
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+---
+title: "Constellations Publication"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellations_Publication"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:08.130660+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Constellations is an online publication and podcast that focuses on the disruption in space and satellite industries and is published by Kratos Defense & Security Solutions. In each article and podcast episode, Constellations provides satellite and space industry professionals coverage of the industry's transformation. The podcast moderator speaks with business executives, entrepreneurs, innovators, and thinkers within the space and satellite industries. Sources and podcast guests include a mix of C-suite executives, military/government personnel, industry analysts, and a growing number of angel investors. Some guests featured on Constellations Podcast include Vint Cerf, U.S. Representative Doug Lamborn, John Gedmark, and Rick Tumlinson.
+
+
+== Description ==
+Constellations Podcast began in 2018 and releases new episodes on a bi-weekly schedule. As of June 2021, the podcast has over 100 episodes and listeners in 150 countries. Constellations Podcast episodes average anywhere between fifteen and thirty minutes in length. The podcast is moderated by John Gilroy, a broadcasting professional with experience working at the Washington Post, Federal News Network, and WAMU 88.5 FM.
+Topics have included changes in the ground segment, 5G, earth observation, virtualization, smallsats, and more. Space debris, entrepreneurship, and different orbital satellites were among the most popular topics, according to Owltail, as they appeared in the top 20 most listened to Constellations Podcast episodes.
+
+
+== Previous guests ==
+Past guests include:
+
+Vint Cerf, Chief Internet Evangelist at Google and one of the “Fathers of the Internet", was a guest on Constellations Podcast on its 56th episode. The episode, titled "Interplanetary Internet, “Cloudlets” and the “Inner Cloud”", discusses interplanetary internet and the impact cloud computing has on data.
+Brigadier General Brook J. Leonard, current Chief of Staff at U.S. Space Command, was a guest on Constellations Podcast and appeared on its 93rd episode. The episode, titled “U.S. Space Command, Innovation, and Defending Space Assets”, talks about the restart up of the U.S. Space Command since its relaunch in 2019 and its growing responsibilities.
+Chris Blackerby, Group COO at Astroscale appeared on its 53rd episode, titled “Space Debris, Mega Constellations and the Orbital Highway". Chris Blackerby talks about the mission Astroscale is taking regarding space debris and regulation/policies in place that would help them with their mission.
+
+
+== References ==
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critter_of_the_Week-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critter_of_the_Week-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+---
+title: "Critter of the Week"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critter_of_the_Week"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:15.569518+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Critter of the Week is a weekly RNZ National programme about endangered and neglected native plants and animals of New Zealand. The show aims to raise awareness of often overlooked native critters, while raising funds for conservation efforts via Critter Of the Week Merch alongside Joyya - an ethical merch manufacturer that empowers communities facing extreme poverty and modern slavery. 
+Beginning in 2015, Critter of the Week is an approximately 15-minute discussion between Nicola Toki (originally the Department of Conservation Threatened Species Ambassador) and RNZ Afternoons host Jesse Mulligan on an "uncharismatic and lovable" New Zealand species. Despite its name, the show features animals, plants, and fungi, with each species receiving an "attractiveness" score from 1 to 10. The show currently airs on Friday afternoons, and has a regular listenership of 100,000.
+
+
+== Origin and development ==
+
+The topic of spotlighting uncharismatic species was raised in an interview by Mulligan in April 2015, and the programme originated later in 2015 in a discussion between Mulligan and Toki about threatened bird conservation, in which Toki lamented a lack of attention and corporate funding for species such as the Smeagol gravel slug. The first episode of Critter of the Week aired on 2 October 2015 and featured the New Zealand bat fly. Each week's broadcast is supported by a team of volunteers, referred to by Mulligan as the "wikinerds", who improve the Wikipedia article for the species in question.
+In 2018 and in subsequent years artist Giselle Clarkson designed t-shirts, hoodies and totes featuring a selection of species that had appeared on the programme. In September–October 2018, a "Critter of the Week: Bake-off" competition invited listeners to bake a cake in the shape of their favourite "critter". Listeners have also taken part in a "Knit-a-Critter" competition.
+Nicola Toki became chief executive of Forest & Bird in April 2022, but continued with the RNZ weekly programme.
+
+
+== Coverage ==
+The Critter of the Week project was the subject of a lightning talk by Mike Dickison for the 2018 ESEAP Conference in Bali, Indonesia. An updated presentation was given at the Wikimedia Australia Melbourne meetup in November 2018. Critter of the Week was discussed as an example of a museum outreach at the 2018 SPNHC conference in Dunedin. Critter of the Week and the role of Wikipedia editors was featured in Forest & Bird magazine in June 2023.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+RNZ National Critter of the Week page
+Department of Conservation Critter of the Week page
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curious_Cases-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curious_Cases-0.md
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+---
+title: "Curious Cases"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curious_Cases"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:16.933827+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Curious Cases is a BBC Radio 4 science programme, presented by Hannah Fry and Dara Ó Briain. Each episode tackles a question sent in by a listener (who are collectively known as The Curios), which they attempt to solve "using the power of science". Currently in its 24th series, it is broadcast weekly on Saturdays.
+Originally called "The Curious Cases of Rutherford and Fry", the first 21 series were presented by Adam Rutherford and Hannah Fry, with the first episode airing on Monday, 15 February 2016. After the end of the 21st series, there was a break of just over 19 months.  The first episode of series 22 was broadcast on 4 October 2024 with Ó Briain replacing Rutherford.
+
+
+== Presenters ==
+Hannah Fry has co-hosted the series since its inception to the present.  Fry was appointed the Professor of the Public Understanding of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, UK on 1 January 2025.  She was awarded the David Attenborough Award by the Royal Society in 2024.
+Adam Rutherford is a geneticist, writer and author and lecturer at University College London. He was awarded the David Attenborough Award by the Royal Society in 2021., and appointed President of Humanists UK in 2022.
+Dara Ó Briain took over from Rutherford from series 22. He is a comedian and television presenter, and was nominated for a BAFTA TV Award for Best Entertainment Performance in 2012.
+
+
+== Regular Contributors ==
+Jim Al-Khalili
+Helen Czerski
+Mark Miodownik
+Andrew Ponzen
+Sophie Scott
+Andrea Sella
+
+
+== Producers ==
+Michelle Martin - series 1-15, 17
+Jen Whyntie - series 16-18
+Fiona Roberts - series 17, 18
+Pamela Rutherford - series 18
+Ilan Goodman - series 19 onwards
+Marijke Peters - series 23, ep 2, 6, 7, 9, 13
+
+
+== Episodes ==
+As well as being broadcast live on BBC Radio 4, episodes are available as podcasts from many sources, including its home on BBC Sounds.  The broadcast episodes are 12.5 minutes long (series 1-15), and 28 minutes long (series 16 onwards). The podcasts include extra material, and so are slightly longer, the longest being 50 minutes and 14 seconds.
+There have been a number of special programmes outside the normal series, including 2 short ASMR episodes in February 2020 and a 4-part special mini-series on "Living with AI" in December 2021.
+Past episodes include
+
+
+== Trivia ==
+In S05E05, "The Forgetful Child", Adam Rutherford ironically forgets which series it is, and initially refers to it as Series 3.
+At the end of S08E05, "Goldfinger's Moon Laser", Hannah says that she thinks they should give out badges for Curio of the Week.
+In S11E05, "A World of Pain", Adam Rutherford mentions that he likes the interrobang symbol (‽).  In a later episode, several Curios reveal that they've included one in their theses.
+
+
+== References ==
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_&_Sky-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_&_Sky-0.md
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+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:18.215568+00:00"
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 ---

--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Sueño_de_Arquímedes-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Sueño_de_Arquímedes-0.md
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+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:54.221612+00:00"
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--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_(Orchestral_Manoeuvres_in_the_Dark_song)-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_(Orchestral_Manoeuvres_in_the_Dark_song)-0.md
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+---
+title: "Electricity (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark song)"
+chunk: 1/2
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_(Orchestral_Manoeuvres_in_the_Dark_song)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:41.849618+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+"Electricity" is the 1979 debut single by the English electronic band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD), featured on their eponymous debut album the following year. Andy McCluskey and Paul Humphreys sing the lead vocals on the track together in unison, although Humphreys is positioned higher in the mix. Recognised as one of the most influential singles of its era, "Electricity" was integral to the rise of the UK's synth-pop movement. It has garnered praise from music journalists and other recording artists.
+The track is a holdover from defunct Wirral group the Id (who were led by McCluskey and Humphreys), and features a melodic synthesizer break as opposed to a sung chorus. Following OMD's release of "Electricity" on Factory Records, the band were offered a recording contract with Dindisc, who twice re-issued the single. It achieved limited success on the UK singles chart, peaking at no. 99 in early 1980, but found popularity in nightclubs. A 2019 re-release, through Virgin EMI, topped the UK Vinyl Singles Chart.
+
+== Background ==
+"Electricity" was the first song that Andy McCluskey and Paul Humphreys wrote together at the age of 16. It addresses society's wasteful usage of energy resources. Inspired by Kraftwerk's "Radioactivity", the track was described by McCluskey as "a faster, punkier version of 'Radioactivity' with a chorus". As with single "Messages" from the same album, a sung chorus is substituted for a melodic synthesizer break.
+McCluskey and Humphreys originally recorded "Electricity" as members of OMD precursor group the Id, in early 1978. After OMD's first concert, opening for Joy Division in a 1978 appearance at Eric's Club in Liverpool, McCluskey was inspired to send a demo of the song to Factory Records founder Tony Wilson. They later heard that while he was not impressed with it, his wife was, so he bought it from them and released it as a single. Its ensuing success led to them receiving a seven-album record deal with Dindisc, worth over £250,000.
+Humphreys and McCluskey sing the lead vocals on the track together in unison, although Humphreys is positioned higher in the mix.
+
+== Reception ==
+"Electricity" was a hit with veteran DJ John Peel, who gave the song regular play on his late-night radio show; as a result, the British music press quickly picked up on the song. Adrian Thrills of NME cited it as "the best example of Factory Records to date –  excellent, melodic, synthesiser pop". He also lauded B-side "Almost", calling it "a doleful, heartsick slab of electronic angst". In a review of 1980 single "Enola Gay", Jonathan Green of The Canberra Times described both it and "Electricity" as a "super pop song".
+Conversely, Garry Bushell gave a negative review in Sounds, in which he remarked: "If Mike Oldfield was ten years younger and a Tubeway Army fan, this is what he'd sound like... who wants to listen to a bunch of Scousers whining about electricity anyway?" (Bushell later called his "less than generous" appraisal a "mistake".) David Hepworth, who re-assessed the track in the same publication, wrote that OMD's sound "commands your attention" and lauded the single for being "packaged with as much taste as it's played". "Electricity" reached no. 2 on the Sounds Alternative Chart in the summer of 1979 and became popular in nightclubs.
+In a retrospective article, Ned Raggett of AllMusic described the song as "pure zeitgeist, a celebration of synth pop's incipient reign". Critic Dave Thompson called it a "perfect electro-pop number".
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_(Orchestral_Manoeuvres_in_the_Dark_song)-1.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_(Orchestral_Manoeuvres_in_the_Dark_song)-1.md
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+---
+title: "Electricity (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark song)"
+chunk: 2/2
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_(Orchestral_Manoeuvres_in_the_Dark_song)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:41.849618+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+== Legacy ==
+Andrew Trendell of NME recognised "Electricity" as a "classic" and "one of the most influential singles of the post-punk era". The Guardian's Mary Harron wrote that the song "pioneered a new electronic pop", while Mike Mettler of Digital Trends said it "is generally acknowledged as being the pioneering inspirational synth-pop track for many early electronic artists". Author and musician Rudi Esch described "Electricity" as "a song that started a new movement"; Esch borrowed its title for his book, Electri_City: The Düsseldorf School of Electronic Music (2016). John Earls of Classic Pop called the track "groundbreaking", as did AFI and Blaqk Audio frontman, Davey Havok.
+Erasure bandleader Vince Clarke (formerly chief songwriter of Depeche Mode and Yazoo) told the BBC, "When I was 18 or 19 I heard a single called 'Electricity' by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark. It sounded so different from anything I'd heard; that really made me want to make electronic music, 'cause it was so unique." The song was a fixture in the DJ sets of Duran Duran's Nick Rhodes; bandmate John Taylor cited it as an early influence on the group. The track has also impacted artists such as Alphaville, No Doubt, Ministry's Al Jourgensen, Take That's Gary Barlow, and Nation of Language, whose formation it directly inspired. "Electricity" and its cover art were highly influential on the parallel music and graphic design careers of Brett Wickens (co-founder of the groups Spoons and Ceramic Hello). BBC Radio's Steve Lamacq has named the "wonderful" song as his inspiration to become a radio DJ, noting that he wanted to afford air time to similar, "curious" music.
+"Electricity" has been praised by other musicians. Ted Ottaviano of Book of Love, a band heavily influenced by OMD, said, "I've never heard anything so simple and sophisticated all at the same time... [It's] one of my all-time faves." Mute Records founder Daniel Miller wrote, "I remember thinking, 'My God, that's an amazing pop song'." Philip Oakey of the Human League called it a "brilliant single", while Simple Minds frontman Jim Kerr commented, "I bought it and played it nonstop... I was downright jealous to be honest." David Balfe of The Teardrop Explodes described "Electricity" as an "electronica classic" that is "known and loved by us all".
+The track has been covered by artists including NOFX, Apoptygma Berzerk and MGMT. Q argued that "The Kids Aren't Alright", by punk rock band the Offspring, "borrows heavily" from the song; the magazine pointed to NOFX's punk cover of "Electricity" as evidence. In its various releases, the track has been ranked among the best of 1979, 1980 and 1981. In May 1980, ZigZag readers voted it one of the top 20 singles of the past year. It has since appeared in lists such as Electronic Sound's "100 Greatest Electronic Tracks of All Time", Radioeins' "100 Best Electronic Songs", Classic Pop's "Top 40 New Romantic Songs", and Radio X's "20 Best Singles Released on Factory Records". "Electricity" was also featured in the Rough Trade article, "Liverpool in 20 Songs".
+
+== "Electricity" and "Almost" versions ==
+There are many different versions of the two songs that were present on OMD's debut single. After the band left Factory Records, DinDisc attempted twice to score a hit with "Electricity". Consequently, four versions of "Electricity" and three of "Almost" exist.
+
+Version I
+"Electricity" (3:36) and "Almost" (3:50) were originally recorded at Cargo Studios, Rochdale and produced by Martin Hannett under the moniker Martin Zero, to be released by Factory Records.
+Version II
+The band felt Hannett had overproduced their songs somewhat, so they recorded new versions at Henry's Studio, Liverpool. These versions were produced by themselves and band manager Paul Collister under the moniker Chester Valentino.
+A compromise was reached for the versions used on the single. This first Factory single contains the band's version of "Electricity" (3:44) and the Hannett version of "Almost" (3:50).
+Version II of "Almost" (3:43) remained unreleased until appearing on the 2001 compilation; Navigation: The OMD B-Sides.
+Version III
+The album versions of "Electricity" (3:39) and "Almost" (3:44) differ from the previous versions, and were used for the third and final release of the single. "Electricity" was remixed from the original Hannett version. It is also the version used on the 1988 Best Of and the 1998 Singles collections and is the best-known version of the song. The album version of "Almost" is similarly a remix of Hannett's version.
+Version IV ("Electricity" only)
+A fourth mix of "Electricity" (3:43) was produced by Mike Howlett. This version of "Electricity" was recorded during the Organisation sessions when the band decided to extend the instrumental section in the middle of the song. It was initially released on the Dindisc 1980 compilation album in 1980. In 2003, it was released on CD as a bonus track on the re-issue of Organisation.
+The Micronauts Remix
+A radical remix by dance music act The Micronauts was released in 1998 both as part of The OMD Remixes release and as part of the bonus disc of the special edition The OMD Singles (France only).
+
+== Release history ==
+
+=== Singles ===
+The following singles have been released:
+
+=== Albums ===
+"Electricity" and "Almost" have been released on the following OMD albums:
+
+== Sleeve design ==
+The sleeve was designed by Factory's designer Peter Saville. The band and Saville met in a Rochdale pub and exchanged ideas. Saville told them about a book of avant-garde musical scores which he'd come across. Andy McCluskey said that he sometimes wrote down the tunes he composed in a similar shorthand. This led to the unusual graphics that feature on the sleeve. Saville suggested to use shiny black ink on black paper. Neither OMD nor Tony Wilson believed it could be done, but Saville persuaded a printer to do the job. The thermographic printing was a success, but the place set on fire three times, so eventually only 5,000 sleeves were printed. The reissue sleeves were standard white on black printed sleeves.
+
+== 2019 re-release ==
+A special edition of the single was released on 27 September 2019 by Virgin EMI, as part of the group's 40th anniversary celebrations. The A-side features the Hannett/Cargo Studios version of "Electricity", incorrectly listed as the Factory Records version, while the B-side has a new remix of "Almost" by Vince Clarke. The limited-edition release is pressed on clear vinyl and the sleeve is an adaptation of the original Peter Saville design. This version debuted on the UK Vinyl Singles Chart at no. 1.
+
+== Track listing ==
+
+=== 1979 original release ===
+
+=== 2019 re-issue ===
+
+== Notes ==
+
+== References ==
+
+Bibliography
+
+== External links ==
+Lyrics for "Electricity".
+Lyrics for "Almost".
+Download section of official OMD website with The Id version of "Electricity" and version II of "Almost".
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_Five-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_Five-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+title: "Formula Five"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_Five"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:19.461295+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Formula Five was a British science magazine programme on BBC Radio 5 aimed at listeners in their late teens. It ran from 1990 to 1994, when the network closed.
+Sue Nelson presented the programme for most of its time on air, with Jez Nelson co-presenting the final series. Quentin Cooper was a regular contributor.
+As well as science, the series featured a running serial of Captain Scarlet, using soundtracks from the television series of the same name.
+
+
+== References ==
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_Six_&_2-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_Six_&_2-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+title: "Forty Six & 2"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_Six_&_2"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:44.412301+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+"Forty Six & 2" is a song by American rock band Tool. It was released as a promotional single from their second studio album, Ænima (1996).
+
+
+== Title and theme ==
+A popular belief is that the song title refers to an idea first conceived by Drunvalo Melchizedek concerning the possibility of reaching a state of evolution at which the body would have two more than the normal 46 total chromosomes and leave a disharmonious state. The premise is humans would deviate from the current state of human DNA which contains 44 autosomes and two sex chromosomes. The next step of evolution would likely result in human DNA being reorganized into 46 autosomes and two sex chromosomes, according to Melchizedek.
+Additionally, it may refer to the desire to experience change through the "shadow", an idea that represents the parts of one's psyche and identity that one hates, fears and represses; this exists as a recurring theme in the work of Carl Jung.
+
+
+== Composition ==
+Considered an "alt-metal anthem", the song is mostly in 44 time with some sections of 78 in between. In the intro, Danny Carey plays four measures of 78 on his ride cymbal over the rest of the band playing in 44, and they all meet up on the downbeat of the 5th measure in 44. During the bridge there are three measures of 78 followed by one measure of 44. During a particular quad fill, the drums are in 38, the guitar plays one measure of 98 followed by one in 58 all while the bass keeps time in 78. Most of the song is written in D Phrygian dominant scale, also known as the fifth mode of the G harmonic minor scale.
+
+
+== Legacy ==
+In March 2023, Rolling Stone ranked "Forty Six & 2" at No. 53 on their "100 Greatest Heavy Metal Songs of All Time" list.
+
+
+== Track listing ==
+
+
+== Charts ==
+
+
+== References ==
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_Song-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_Song-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+---
+title: "Galaxy Song"
+chunk: 1/2
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_Song"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:46.887043+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+"Galaxy Song" is a Monty Python song written by Eric Idle and John Du Prez.
+The song first appeared in the 1983 film Monty Python's The Meaning of Life and was later released on the album Monty Python Sings. The song was released as a single in the UK on 27 June 1983 when it reached No. 77 in the charts and again on 2 December 1991 as a follow-up to the successful reissue of Always Look on the Bright Side of Life. In 2014 the song was featured in the live stage show Monty Python Live (Mostly) which was followed by another single release on 13 April 2015, this time in collaboration with Stephen Hawking.
+
+== Premise and synopsis ==
+The song originally debuted during the comedy sketch "Live Organ Transplants". The paramedic (John Cleese), upon failing to persuade Mrs. Brown (Terry Jones) to donate her liver, opens the refrigerator doors to reveal a man wearing a pink morning suit (Eric Idle). The man accompanies Mrs. Brown through outer space singing various statistics about the galaxy. The upshot of the song (which follows a synthesized instrumental montage that, in the movie, is accompanied by a computer-animated picture of a woman being impregnated and giving birth to the universe) is that in the grand scheme of the universe, the likelihood of Mrs. Brown's existence was almost zero, but that she should "pray that there's intelligent life somewhere up in space, 'cause there's bugger all down here on Earth". The singer returns to the refrigerator, at which point Mrs. Brown admits that the singer convinced her to hand over her liver.
+
+== Accuracy of astronomical figures ==
+The lyrics include a number of astronomical quantities, most of which are accurate to within one or two significant figures. A few statements are only approximately correct or have liberties with definitions, likely to fit within the meter of the song.
+
+Idle sings that the Earth is "revolving at nine hundred miles an hour". The current estimate for the rotational speed at the equator is appr. 1674.4 km/h, appr. 904 nautical miles/hr or appr. 1040 statute miles/hr. which for nautical miles is accurate to two significant figures.
+Idle gives the Earth's orbital speed as 19 miles (31 km) per second, which is accurate to two significant figures.
+Idle states that the Sun is "the source of all our power". In fact, there are three notable sources of electrical power which are not directly traceable to the Sun: 1) geothermal power, which is produced from geothermal energy, 2) Tidal Power, which uses tides resulting from the gravitational pull of the Moon on the Earth, and 3) nuclear power, which utilizes the radioactive decay of fissile elements. Ultimately, the vast majority of human-generated power is derived from the remains of photosynthetic plants extracted from the Earth's crust...the fossil fuels. Mr. Idle's ironic commentary is a truth. The other three power sources are available because of the Sun's influence on our early solar system.
+Idle's figures for the size of the Milky Way galaxy are roughly correct. He understates the speed at which the Sun orbits the "galactic central point" by an order of magnitude – the actual approximate average speed is 12,336,000 miles a day or 514,000 mph, as opposed to the speeds of "1 million miles a day" and "40,000 miles an hour" mentioned in the song (the latter was rendered in later performances as "400,000 miles an hour"). He gives an estimate accurate to one significant figure for the total time per orbit. This is "two hundred million years" according to the song, compared with accepted figures of 220 to 250 million years.
+The song says that we are "thirty thousand light years from galactic central point", again correct to within one significant figure of 25,000 light years from the centre of the Milky Way. The song also states that the galaxy is "a hundred thousand light years side to side". This would make the galactic radius 50,000 light years, which is accurate. Australian astrophysicist Bryan Gaensler has stated that Idle's estimation of the thickness of the Milky Way, at 16,000 light years, is more accurate than the official 'textbook' figure of 6,000 light years. However, the song's position on this was later confused by Idle's performance of the song in his Not the Messiah show (2007) where the figure he sings is only 6,000 light years. The reason for the confusion has since been explained in a message from Idle on the official Monty Python website. "There was some smug website pulling apart all my original figures for the song (written circa 1981) so for the 2003 Tour (or maybe 2000) I 'updated' them. Now you tell me I was right all along! Not sure where I got my figures originally but tell the bastards to make up their minds."
+The last verse of the song explains that the universe is expanding, and furthermore, that the speed of light is the "fastest speed there is". Idle's estimate of the speed of light is a relatively accurate one: 12 million miles per minute, versus the standard figure of about 11.16 million miles per minute. Contrary to what the verse implies, the expansion of the universe is not related to the speed of light, and it is in fact expanding much faster.
+
+== Remake ==
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_Song-1.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_Song-1.md
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "Galaxy Song"
+chunk: 2/2
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_Song"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:46.887043+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Released in 1984, Jim Post's album Crooner From Outer Space features a remake called "Galaxy/Lighten Up".
+"Galaxy Song" was performed by Sharon, Lois & Bram on The Elephant Show and appeared on their album Stay Tuned. (The final line was changed to "Because we need some here on Earth".)
+In 1999, Clint Black recorded a remake of "The Galaxy Song" on his album D'lectrified, as well as the "Outside Intro (To Galaxy Song)", which he co-wrote and sang with Idle.
+In late 2012, an updated version of "The Galaxy Song" aired on BBC Two in a trailer for Wonders of Life, hosted by physicist Brian Cox. It was called "The Galaxy DNA Song" by Idle.
+In 2014, the song was performed in the stage show Monty Python Live (Mostly). Idle emerges from a refrigerator and begins singing to an elderly woman (Carol Cleveland). At one point, they start dancing on stage as a clip shows them dancing among the stars with the galaxy in the background. After the song ends, the show cuts to a clip of Cox at Cambridge discussing the various scientific inaccuracies within the song only to be knocked over by Stephen Hawking with his motorized wheelchair. Hawking tells Cox not to be so pedantic, then starts to sing the song himself. Hawking's cover for the song was released as a Record Store Day single in 2015.
+In December 2016, the theme of the song was extended into the hour-long BBC Two The Entire Universe show. Written and co-presented by Idle and Professor Brian Cox, it took the form of a lecture by Cox interspersed with a "comedy and musical extravaganza with the help of Warwick Davis, Noel Fielding, Hannah Waddingham and Robin Ince, alongside a chorus of singers and dancers". The show closed with an ensemble rendition of "The Galaxy Song" with updated figures: the galaxy containing 500 billion stars instead of 100 billion; the galaxy rotation speed of 500,000 mph instead of 40,000; the galaxy thickness as 6,000 ly instead of 16,000, and a spiral arm thickness of 1,000 ly instead of 3,000.
+In December 2019, Sabine Hossenfelder (physicist and quantum gravity researcher) covered the song for a YouTube video – retaining many elements of the original Monty Python set in cartoon form.
+
+== Parodies and other uses ==
+Between 1988 and 1991, furniture retailer Courts ran a series of advertisements in the United Kingdom which featured a jingle using the tune of the Galaxy Song sung by a man mimicking Idle's vocal style.
+The "Yakko's Universe" song from the animated show Animaniacs is a homage to the Python's song.
+The "Meaning of Life Space Song" from the animated show the Amazing World of Gumball has many direct references to the Python's song.
+
+== References ==
+
+== External links ==
+A study of the Galaxy song
+Annotations to the Galaxy song
+"Galaxy Song" (02:43) on YouTube – sung by physicist Stephen Hawking.
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_Engineering_(song)-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_Engineering_(song)-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+---
+title: "Genetic Engineering (song)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_Engineering_(song)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:48.167701+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+"Genetic Engineering" is a 1983 song by the English electronic band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD), released as the first single from their fourth studio album Dazzle Ships. The synthesized speech featured on the track is taken from a Speak & Spell, an educational electronic toy developed by Texas Instruments in the 1970s intended to teach children spelling.
+"Genetic Engineering" reached number 20 on the UK Singles Chart. It was also a Top 20 hit in several European territories, and peaked at number 5 in Spain. In the US it made number 32 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart.
+
+
+== Reception and legacy ==
+Smash Hits wrote, "Well worth the wait. OMD's knack of coming up with exhilarating singles has not been affected by their year off... a great tune." Jim Reid in Record Mirror said, "Madly infectious hookline propels a song absolutely dripping with 'moderne' references. A cold record, whose raison d'être lies in the application of studio technology and the manipulation of hackneyed goobledegook. Should be massive – won't touch my turntable again." In a later piece, God Is in the TV's Andy Page wrote that "Genetic Engineering" is "surely one of the most inventive and unusual singles ever to reach the [UK] Top 20". Ned Raggett of AllMusic praised the "soaring", "enjoyable" track, asserting, "Why it wasn't a [US] hit remains a mystery." "Genetic Engineering" appeared in Radio X's "25 Best Indie Songs of 1983".
+Solo artist Moby named "Genetic Engineering" as an important record in his life, while The Time Frequency's Jon Campbell hailed it as OMD's best track. Covers of the song were released by the indie bands Another Sunny Day and Eggs. Critics have compared the track to "Fitter Happier", a 1997 song by rock group Radiohead. Theon Weber in Stylus saw the Radiohead track as "deeply indebted".
+Frontman McCluskey has noted that the song is not an attack on genetic engineering, as many – including radio presenter Dave Lee Travis – have assumed. McCluskey professed to be "very positive about the subject", adding, "People didn't listen to the lyrics... I think they automatically assumed it would be anti."
+
+
+== B-side ==
+The song "4-Neu" was featured on the B-side of both the 7" and 12" versions. It was not included on the Dazzle Ships album and remained exclusive to this release until its inclusion on Navigation: The OMD B-Sides (2001), and then on the remastered special edition of Dazzle Ships in 2008. The song continues the band's tradition of including more experimental tracks as B-sides to singles. Its title is a tribute to German krautrock band Neu!, who were an important influence on McCluskey and keyboardist Paul Humphreys prior to OMD. "4-Neu" was never performed live until the special performance of Dazzle Ships at The Museum of Liverpool in November 2014 and at the Dazzle Ships / Architecture & Morality live performances in London and Germany in May 2016.
+
+
+== Track listing ==
+
+
+=== 7" vinyl single and 7" picture disc ===
+UK: Telegraph VS 527
+Side one
+
+"Genetic Engineering" – 3:37
+Side two
+
+"4-NEU" – 3:33
+
+
+=== 12" vinyl single ===
+UK: Telegraph VS 527-12
+Side one
+
+"Genetic Engineering" (312mm version) – 5:18
+Side two
+
+"4-NEU" – 3:33
+
+
+== Charts ==
+
+
+== Promo video ==
+A promotional video for "Genetic Engineering" was directed by Steve Barron, who directed videos for a wide variety of artists in the eighties, such as the Human League, Tears for Fears, and A-ha. The video features a number of genetics-related books, some of which McCluskey would later borrow to read himself. McClusky described the songs music video as not being his "favourite video", but still contained a "couple of interesting moments, with Mally and Martin as the Kray brothers!" The Rolls-Royce used in the clip was owned by comedian Mel Smith. The girl featured in the promotional video is played by actress Joann Kenny.
+The promotional video for "Genetic Engineering" was included on the Messages: Greatest Hits CD/DVD release (2008).
+
+
+== Alternative versions and live performances ==
+Apart from the extended '312mm version' the band also recorded the song for a John Peel radio session in 1983. This version was made available on Peel Sessions 1979–1983 (2000).
+OMD played the song live on The Tube during its first series in February 1983.
+The song was performed live during the Dazzle Ships promotional tour but rarely since then, until more recent performances in 2014 and 2016.
+
+
+== References ==
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grouse_(podcast)-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grouse_(podcast)-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Grouse (podcast)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grouse_(podcast)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:14.415970+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Grouse is an eight part podcast hosted by Ashley Ahearn and produced by BirdNote and Boise State Public Radio. In each episode Ahearn spends about twenty minutes discussing the greater sage-grouse and various threats to the bird's population.
+
+
+== Background ==
+After reporting on the Standing Rock protests for NPR and seeing that the Dakota Access Pipeline was built despite the protests, Ahearn decided to quit her job and move to rural Winthrop Valley, Washington. The move marked a change in Ahearn's lifestyle, from a life in the city to living in a farmhouse and riding horses. Ahearn also experienced a change in the political demographic from liberal to conservative. Ahearn's experiences drove the story of the podcast, which she notes as a big change from her work at NPR. The podcast focuses on the greater sage-grouse and how the species is being threatened by a variety of changes. Ahearn addresses the fact that climate change is leading to an increase in wildfires that have destroyed sage grouse habitats.
+The podcast was produced by BirdNote and Boise State Public Radio. The podcast was an eight part series. Each episode is roughly twenty minutes in length.
+Steve Greene of Indiewire called the show "a natural tapestry that melds wide-scope and up-close considerations."
+
+
+== See also ==
+List of environmental podcasts
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Here_Comes_Science-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Here_Comes_Science-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+title: "Here Comes Science"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Here_Comes_Science"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:49.336481+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Here Comes Science is the fourth children's album and fourteenth studio album by American alternative rock band They Might Be Giants. It was packaged as a CD/DVD set. The album is science-themed, and is the third in their line of educational albums, following Here Come the ABCs (2005) and Here Come the 123s (2008). It was nominated for the "Best Musical Album for Children" Grammy.
+"I Am a Paleontologist" was featured in a Payless ShoeSource commercial featuring kids inside a dinosaur museum.
+
+
+== Track listing ==
+The CD track listing is the same as the DVD track listing, with the exception of the bonus track "Waves", which is absent from the DVD.
+
+
+== Personnel ==
+They Might Be Giants
+
+John Linnell – vocals, keyboard
+John Flansburgh – vocals, guitar
+Marty Beller – drums
+Danny Weinkauf – bass, vocals (3)
+Dan Miller – guitar
+Additional musicians
+
+Robin Goldwasser – additional vocals (4, 5, 8, 13)
+Hannah & Niffer Levine – additional vocals (16)
+Lena & Kai Weinkauf – additional vocals (3)
+Dan Levine – trombone, bass trombone, arrangement, alto horn, euphonium
+Stan Harrison – tenor saxophone, baritone saxophone, flute
+Curt Ramm – trumpet, flugelhorn, trumpet solo
+Michael Leonhart – trumpet, flugelhorn, mellophone
+Jonathan Levine – piccolo, alto flute, alto saxophone, bass clarinet
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Here Comes Science at This Might Be A Wiki
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I.G.Y._(What_a_Beautiful_World)-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I.G.Y._(What_a_Beautiful_World)-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+title: "I.G.Y. (What a Beautiful World)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I.G.Y._(What_a_Beautiful_World)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:50.536804+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+"I.G.Y. (What a Beautiful World)" is a song written and performed by American songwriter, singer and musician Donald Fagen. It was the first track on his platinum-certified debut solo album The Nightfly, and was released in September 1982 as its first single.  It charted within the top 30 on the Billboard Hot 100, Mainstream Rock, R&B Singles and Adult Contemporary charts.
+
+
+== Background ==
+Fagen, along with musician Walter Becker, led the rock band Steely Dan during the 1970s. Between 1972 and 1981, Steely Dan had ten Top-40 singles, including the top-ten hits "Do It Again" (1972), "Rikki Don't Lose That Number" (1974) and "Hey Nineteen" (1980).
+In 1981 Becker and Fagen parted ways. Fagen's first album as a solo artist, The Nightfly, was released the next year.
+
+
+== Title and lyrics ==
+The "I.G.Y." of the title refers to the "International Geophysical Year", an event that ran from July 1957 to December 1958. The I.G.Y. was an international scientific project promoting collaboration among the world's scientists. Fagen's lyric discusses the widespread optimistic vision of the future at that time, including futuristic concepts such as solar-powered cities, a transatlantic tunnel, permanent space stations, and spandex jackets.
+The song references the vision of postwar optimism in America and the Western world. The "76" referred to in the song is 1976, the U.S. Bicentennial year.
+
+
+== Chart performance and accolades ==
+"I.G.Y." debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 on October 9, 1982, at number 56. It reached the top 40 on October 30 and eventually peaked at number 26 on November 27, 1982. It also reached number 8 on Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart, number 17 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock chart, and number 54 on Billboard's R&B Singles chart. It was Fagen's only solo Top 40 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
+The track was also a top 40 hit in Canada, and charted outside the top 40 in Australia and Holland. 
+It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Song of the Year in 1983, losing to "Always on My Mind".
+
+
+== Cover versions ==
+"I.G.Y." has been covered by British singer and musician Howard Jones, who included a version on his 1993 greatest hits album The Best of Howard Jones.  Issued as a single, the track was a minor chart hit in the UK and Germany (countries where Fagen's original did not chart).
+The gospel a cappella group Take 6 covered "I.G.Y." as the title track on their 2002 release Beautiful World. The lyric of Fagen's original song was modified to recast the song with a gospel message.
+In 2004 Marcia Hines recorded a version for her album Hinesight.
+
+
+== Personnel ==
+
+
+== Charts ==
+
+
+== In popular culture ==
+French DJ Producer Alan Braxe sampled this song for the remix on Benjamin Diamond's "In Your Arms (We Gonna Make It)".
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Lyrics of this song
+Donald Fagen - I.G.Y. (What a Beautiful World) on YouTube
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Our_Time_(radio_series)-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Our_Time_(radio_series)-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+title: "In Our Time (radio series)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Our_Time_(radio_series)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:20.728377+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+In Our Time is a BBC Radio 4 discussion series and podcast exploring a wide variety of historical, scientific and philosophical topics. First aired in October 1998, it is one of Radio 4's most successful discussion programmes, acknowledged to have "transformed the landscape for serious ideas at peak listening time". The series passed its 1,000th episode in September 2023 and attracts a weekly audience exceeding two million listeners.
+The show was presented by Melvyn Bragg, from its first broadcast in 15 October 1998. On 3 September 2025, the BBC reported that Bragg had decided to retire from the programme ahead of its new series as a new presenter would be announced in due course. On 3 December 2025, the BBC announced that Misha Glenny would take over as the new presenter from 15 January 2026.
+
+
+== Programme ==
+
+The series, devised and produced by Olivia Seligman (with others) and currently produced by Simon Tillotson with Victoria Brignell, runs weekly throughout the year on BBC Radio 4, except for a summer break of approximately eight to ten weeks between July and September. Each programme covers a specific historical, philosophical, religious, cultural or scientific topic. In a November 2009 interview, Bragg described how he prepares for each show: "It's not easy, but I like reading. I enjoy what was called swotting in my day. I get the notes late Friday afternoon for the following Thursday morning. I find all the spare time I can for reading, get up very early on a Thursday morning, have a final two hours of nervousness, and away we go."
+Bragg hosts discussion of the week's subject featuring what he has characterised as "three absolutely top-class academics" on the subject. The programme is normally broadcast live and unedited on Thursday mornings at 9 a.m., lasting around 42 minutes, and is then available online. He begins each episode with a short summary of the week's topic, then introduces the three guests. He guides the discussion along a generally chronological route, then either concludes the programme himself or invites summation remarks from one of the specialists.
+
+Bragg gives short shrift to pretension of any kind, while remaining stalwart in his search for knowledge. His methodology in In Our Time is... not unlike that of a man throwing a stick for a dog: he chucks his questions ahead, and if the chosen academic fails to bring it right back, he chides them. He retains enough of his bluff Cumbrian origins not to be taken in by gambolling and tweedy high spirits.
+
+
+== History ==
+In Our Time was conceived for Bragg in 1998 after he was forced to quit his decade-long role as presenter for Start the Week due to a perceived conflict of interest arising from his appointment as a Labour life peer. He was offered the Thursday "death-slot" and decided he would "do what [he] always wanted to do," and "hastily battered out a simple idea" with producer Olivia Seligman expecting the show would only last a few months. By September 1999, he had taken a time slot that was previously attracting an audience of 600,000 and grown it to 1.5 million. By 2000, the half-hour show was expanded to 45 minutes and to include three guest speakers. 
+In 2004, the programme was made available as the first BBC podcast from the BBC website and iTunes for one week after broadcast. Until July 2014, listeners could also sign up for weekly email newsletters from Bragg, where he mentioned any additional information relating to the programme, along with snippets from his own personal and intellectual life. In 2009, selected transcripts of episodes from the programme were compiled in the book In Our Time: A Companion to the Radio 4 series, edited by Bragg. Since 2010, every episode of the programme has been available from its website as streaming audio, making it one of the first BBC programmes to have its entire archive released. Since 2011, the entire archive has been available to download as individual podcasts.
+On 3 September 2025 Melvyn Bragg announced that he was stepping down as presenter.
+
+
+== Cultural impact ==
+The programme is considered one of the BBC's most successful projects, acknowledged to have "transformed the landscape for serious ideas at peak listening time". Frequent contributors to the programme since 1998 include Angie Hobbs, Simon Schaffer, Martin Palmer, Steve Jones , Paul Cartledge, Carolin Crawford, Edith Hall, A. C. Grayling, Patricia Fara, David Wootton, Jonathan Bate, and Karen O'Brien.
+In 2005, listeners were invited to vote in a popularity contest for the "greatest philosopher in history" with the winner selected as the subject of the final programme before the summer break. With 30,000 votes cast, the contest was won by Karl Marx with 27.9% of the votes. Other shortlisted figures were David Hume (12.7%), Ludwig Wittgenstein (6.8%), Friedrich Nietzsche (6.5%), Plato (5.6%), Immanuel Kant (5.6%), Thomas Aquinas (4.8%), Socrates (4.8%), Aristotle (4.5%) and Karl Popper (4.2%). The poll was controversial but led to widespread reporting, and a boost in the programme's overall listenership, as various UK celebrities and news outlets championed their favourites.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+
+In Our Time BBC Radio 4 homepage, with iPlayer archive of past programmes
+In Our Time at IMDb
+A Dewey Decimal classification of In Our Time episodes
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisibilia-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisibilia-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+---
+title: "Invisibilia"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisibilia"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:19.982008+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Invisibilia is a radio program and podcast from National Public Radio. It debuted in early 2015 and explored "the intangible forces that shape human behavior—things like ideas, beliefs, assumptions and emotions." The program's title comes from Latin, meaning "the invisible things." The Guardian ranked Invisibilia among "the 10 best new podcasts of 2015." In its seventh season, the program was hosted by Kia Miakka Natisse and Yowei Shaw; previous season hosts included Lulu Miller, Alix Spiegel and Hanna Rosin.
+
+
+== Background ==
+Alix Spiegel was a founding producer of This American Life and freelanced for NPR's Science Desk covering psychology and human behavior. At Chicago's Third Coast International Audio Festival, Spiegel met former Radiolab producer Lulu Miller and asked her to co-produce a piece she was working on. The two began collaborating on radio stories and conceived of a new long-form program that would become Invisibilia. The show's first six-episode season aired from January to February 2015, with excerpts occasionally running on All Things Considered, Morning Edition, Radiolab and This American Life. This extra exposure and Miller and Spiegel's track record helped Invisibilia debut at #1 on the iTunes podcast chart and to maintain a consistent top-ten ranking in the months following its launch. Hanna Rosin from The Atlantic joined as cohost for the second season, which premiered in June 2016 and ran for seven episodes. The third season debuted in June 2017 with Spiegel and Rosin as hosts. The Atlantic included the episode "How to Become Batman"  on their list of "The 50 Best Podcast Episodes of 2015".
+In June 2020, NPR announced that Spiegel and Rosin would relinquish their roles by early 2021, and Kia Miakka Natisse and Yowei Shaw were named the new co-hosts of the program, which aired its seventh season in April 2021. The show aired its eighth season in September 2021.
+In March 2023, NPR announced the cancellation of Invisibilia as part of larger effort to cut costs. The final episode titled The Goodbye Show, was released on April 27, 2023.
+
+
+=== Awards ===
+
+
+== Episodes ==
+
+
+=== Season 1 (2015) ===
+The Secret History of Thoughts
+Fearless
+How to Become Batman
+Entanglement
+The Power of Categories
+Our Computers, Ourselves
+
+
+=== Season 2 (2016) ===
+The New Norm
+The Personality Myth
+The Problem with the Solution
+Frame of Reference
+Flip the Script
+The Secret Emotional Life of Clothes
+Outside In
+
+
+=== Season 3 (2017) ===
+True You
+Future Self
+The Culture Inside
+Reality
+Bubble-Hopping (Reality Part 2)
+Emotions
+High Voltage (Emotions Part 2)
+
+
+=== Season 4 (2018) ===
+I, I, I. Him
+The Other Real World
+What Was Not Said
+The Pattern Problem
+Everything Good
+The Callout
+
+
+=== Season 5 (2019) ===
+The Fifth Vital Sign
+Post, Shoot
+The Weatherman
+The Remote Control Brain
+A Very Offensive Rom-Com
+The End of Empathy
+Kraftland
+The Profile
+Back When I Was Older
+Love and Lapses
+Raising Devendra
+
+
+=== Season 6 (2020) ===
+Two Heartbeats a Minute
+The Confrontation
+An Unlikely Superpower
+White v. White?
+The Reluctant Immortalist
+The Last Sound
+Trust Fall
+
+
+=== Season 7 (2021) ===
+Eat the Rich
+The Chaos Machine: An Endless Hole
+The Chaos Machine (part 2): Wrathful Lord
+The Chaos Machine (part 3): A Looping Revolt
+The Great Narrative Escape
+American Slow Radio (Bonus Episode)
+
+
+=== Season 8 (2021) ===
+A Friendly Ghost Story
+Nun of Us Are Friends
+International Friend of Mystery
+Friends with Benefits
+Poop Friends
+Therapy, with Friends
+
+
+=== Season 9 (2022) ===
+The P-Word
+A Little Bit Pregnant
+Therapy Ghostbusters
+Freedom Diving
+Power Tools
+
+
+=== Finale (2023) ===
+The Goodbye Show
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irresistible_Force_(Met_the_Immovable_Object)-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irresistible_Force_(Met_the_Immovable_Object)-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+title: "Irresistible Force (Met the Immovable Object)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irresistible_Force_(Met_the_Immovable_Object)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:51.769360+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+"Irresistible Force" is the second single from American alternative rock band Jane's Addiction's fourth studio album, The Great Escape Artist. The song was released on August 3, 2011.
+
+
+== Musical style and lyrics ==
+The song features TV on the Radio member and multi-instrumentalist Dave Sitek on guitar and bass guitar. It is less rock-laden than the previous Jane's Addiction single, "End to the Lies", and focuses more on synth-aided textures and atmospheric soundscapes. The song starts with a spoken word intro and continues on verse-chorus form, which is accompanied by a guitar solo by Dave Navarro. The verses, which were built around "droning funk" and "the rubbery basslines" were also noted.
+Lyrically, the song contains references to the irresistible force paradox. In an interview with CNN, the lyricist Perry Farrell indicated that "the song chronicles how the universe was created", while the drummer Stephen Perkins described it as "what pulls him, Dave and Perry together". Will Hermes of Rolling Stone also commented on the song's lyrics, describing it as "Perry Farrell sounding like Carl Sagan in an episode of Cosmos, musing ominously about the stars and some sort of big bang."
+
+
+== Reception and release ==
+The critical reception for the song was positive.
+A music video for the song was produced.
+
+
+== Track listing ==
+
+
+== Charts ==
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website 
+Jane's Addiction - "Irresistible Force" on Youtube
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_science_podcasts-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_science_podcasts-0.md
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ chunk: 1/1
 source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_science_podcasts"
 category: "reference"
 tags: "science, encyclopedia"
-date_saved: "2026-05-05T06:16:10.383985+00:00"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:48.111455+00:00"
 instance: "kb-cron"
 ---

--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_scientific_skepticism_podcasts-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_scientific_skepticism_podcasts-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+---
+title: "List of scientific skepticism podcasts"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_scientific_skepticism_podcasts"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:51.831433+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+This is a list of notable podcasts that promote or practice scientific skepticism.
+
+
+== Active ==
+
+
+== Inactive ==
+These podcasts are either officially on hiatus, have ceased production, or have not produced an episode in over a year.
+
+
+== See also ==
+List of books about skepticism
+List of notable skeptics
+List of notable debunkers
+List of skeptical conferences
+List of skeptical magazines
+List of skeptical organizations
+Lists about skepticism
+
+
+== References ==
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Atoms-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Atoms-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+---
+title: "Little Atoms"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Atoms"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:22.869267+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Little Atoms is a website, podcast and magazine dedicated to ideas and culture. The radio show broadcast weekly from London on Resonance FM 104.4. It is hosted by Neil Denny. The website is edited by Padraig Reidy. The first edition of Little Atoms magazine launched in November 2015.
+
+
+== History ==
+The radio show was conceived by Neil Denny and Richard Sanderson at a meeting in a pub beer garden in London Bridge on 7 July 2005. The first episode aired on 2 September 2005 and featured a panel of a scientist (Sid Rodrigues), physicist and ex-born again Christian (Norman Hansen) and a folklorist (Scott Wood), along with Neil Denny and Richard Sanderson as the show's hosts. Richard Sanderson was also the producer of two previous incarnations radio shows on Resonance FM, "Sanderson's Alcove", which ran from February 2005 to July 2005 and "Baggage Reclaim" which ran from 2003 to 2005. Little Atoms is regarded as the first "rationalist" radio show in the UK and one of the first podcasts; with only the JREF's "Internet Audio Show", Rick Wood's Audiomartini, Skepticality and The Skeptic's Guide to the Universe preceding it.
+Little Atoms was the official podcast of The Skeptic magazine until 2011.
+
+
+=== Magazine ===
+Little Atoms's first print magazine launched in November 2015. It features a mixture of edited podcast interviews and original articles by writers including Jonathan Meades, Fergal Keane, Nick Cohen, Suzanne Moore, and more. It is designed by Wild Bill and Crazy Dave, and features illustrations by Jean Jullien.
+
+
+=== Awards ===
+Nominated by physics.org web awards in the Best podcast category 2010
+
+
+=== Reception ===
+Little Atoms is frequently cited as one of the UK's top podcasts. In July 2015, Miranda Sawyer, presenter of BBC Radio 4's In Pod We Trust, praised Little Atoms, writing "[Neil] Denny's modesty and well-informed interest enriches Little Atoms, and there are loads of shows to choose from (the As alone include Adam Curtis, Alex Cox and Aleks Krotoski). It has recently expanded into an online magazine, packed with quirky, funny, odd features."
+Esquire magazine's Andrew Harrison described the podcast as "engaging, irreverent and unashamedly intellectual", making "Radio 4's Front Row sound like the E! Channel".
+Fergal Keane described LittleAtoms.com as "a thoughtful site" with "lots to provoke intelligent discussion".
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
+An interview with Neil Denny on Notebook on Cities and Culture
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobachevsky_(song)-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobachevsky_(song)-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+title: "Lobachevsky (song)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobachevsky_(song)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:53.023034+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+"Lobachevsky" is a humorous song by Tom Lehrer, referring to the mathematician Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky.
+According to Lehrer, the song is "not intended as a slur on [Lobachevsky's] character" and the name was chosen "solely for prosodic reasons".
+In the introduction, Lehrer describes the song as an adaptation of a routine that Danny Kaye did to honor the Russian actor Constantin Stanislavski. (The Danny Kaye routine is sung from the perspective of a famous Russian actor who learns and applies Stanislavski's secret to method acting: "Suffer.")  Lehrer sings the song from the point of view of an eminent Russian mathematician who learns from Lobachevsky that plagiarism is the secret of success in mathematics ("only be sure always to call it please 'research'"). The narrator later uses this strategy to get a paper published ahead of a rival, then to write a book and earn a fortune selling the movie rights.
+Lehrer wrote that he did not know Russian. In the song he quotes two "book reviews" in Russian; the first is a long sentence that he then translates succinctly as "It stinks." The second, a different but equally long sentence, is also translated as "It stinks." The actual text of these sentences bear no relation to academics: the first phrase quotes Mussorgsky's "Song of the Flea": Russian: Жил-был король когда-то, при нём блоха жила, romanized: Zhil-byl korol' kogda-to, pri nom blokha zhila, lit. 'Once there was a king who had a pet flea'. The second references a Russian joke: Russian: Я иду туда, куда сам царь идёт пешком, romanized: Ya idu tuda, kuda sam tsar' idot peshkom, lit. 'Now I must go where even the Tsar goes on foot' [the bathroom].
+At 115 seconds in, the song briefly quotes Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 by Franz Liszt.
+The song was first performed as part of The Physical Revue, a 1951–1952 musical revue by Lehrer and a few other professors. It is track 6 on Songs by Tom Lehrer, which was re-released as part of Songs & More Songs by Tom Lehrer and The Remains of Tom Lehrer. In this early version, Ingrid Bergman is named to star in the role of "the Hypotenuse" in The Eternal Triangle, a film purportedly based on the narrator's book. It was recorded again for Revisited (Tom Lehrer album), with Brigitte Bardot as the Hypotenuse. A third recording is included in Tom Lehrer Discovers Australia (And Vice Versa), a live album recorded in Australia, featuring Marilyn Monroe as the Hypotenuse. A fourth recording was made in 1966 when Songs by Tom Lehrer was reissued in stereo, with Doris Day playing the Hypotenuse.
+In 1957, while working for the National Security Agency, Lehrer coauthored a paper in which he snuck in the song's line "Analytic and Algebraic Topology of Locally Euclidean Metrizations of Infinitely Differentiable Riemannian Manifolds" into the reference section as an uncited and unpublished paper by Lobachevsky. 
+The song is frequently quoted, especially in works about plagiarism. Writing about it in Billboard, Jim Bessman calls the song "dazzlingly inventive in its shameless promotion of plagiarism", calling out in particular a sequence in which Lehrer strings together rhymes from the names of ten Russian [sic] cities.
+Mathematician Jordan Ellenberg has called it "surely the greatest comic musical number of all time about mathematical publishing".
+
+
+== Cities mentioned ==
+Minsk, Belarus
+Pinsk, Belarus
+Omsk, Russia
+Tomsk, Russia
+Akmolinsk (now Astana), Kazakhstan
+Alexandrovsk, various minor cities in Russia
+Petropavlovsk, two major cities, one in Kazakhstan and one in Russia
+Dnepropetrovsk (now Dnipro), Ukraine
+Iliysk (now Qonayev), Kazakhstan
+Novorossiysk, Russia
+Vladivostok, Russia
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Lyrics at tomlehrersongs.com
+Piano vocal score at IMSLP
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major-General's_Song-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major-General's_Song-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+title: "Major-General's Song"
+chunk: 1/2
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major-General's_Song"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:54.268684+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+"I Am the Very Model of a Modern Major-General" (often referred to as the "Major-General's Song" or "Modern Major-General's Song") is a patter song from Gilbert and Sullivan's 1879 comic opera The Pirates of Penzance. It has been called the most famous Gilbert and Sullivan patter song. Sung by Major-General Stanley at his first entrance, towards the end of Act I, the character introduces himself by presenting his résumé as a polymath but admitting to fundamental shortcomings. He claims a wide range of classical, historical and scientific knowledge but admits that he knows little of military tactics, weapons or jargon. The song thereby satirises the idea of the "modern" educated British Army officer of the latter 19th century.
+The song is replete with historical and cultural references, in which the Major-General describes his impressive and well-rounded education in non-military matters, but he says that his military knowledge has "only been brought down to the beginning of the century". The stage directions in the libretto state that at the end of each verse the Major-General is "bothered for a rhyme"; interpolated business occurs here, and in each case he finds a rhyme and finishes the verse with a flourish.
+The piece is difficult to perform because of the fast pace and tongue-twisting nature of the lyrics.
+
+== Historical basis ==
+The character of Major-General Stanley was widely taken to be a caricature of the popular general Sir Garnet Wolseley. The biographer Michael Ainger, however, doubts that Gilbert intended a caricature of Wolseley, identifying instead the older General Henry Turner, an uncle of Gilbert's wife whom Gilbert disliked, as a more likely inspiration for the satire. Nevertheless, in the original London production, George Grossmith imitated Wolseley's mannerisms and appearance, particularly his large moustache, and the audience recognised the allusion. Wolseley himself, according to his biographer, took no offence at the identification and sometimes sang "I am the very model of a modern Major-General" for the private amusement of his family and friends.
+
+== Lyrics ==
+
+Notes:
+
+== In popular culture ==
+
+=== Film references ===
+
+The Pirate Movie, a 1982 modern musical parody of The Pirates of Penzance, features many songs from the opera, including this song. Contemporary references were introduced, as when the Major-General adds to the song "Man, I'm older than The Beatles, but I'm younger than The Rolling Stones." In the 1983 film Never Cry Wolf, the hero sings the song. Similarly, in the 2001 time-travel comedy Kate & Leopold, Leopold sings the song; however, the scene is anachronistic in that The Pirates of Penzance premiered in 1879, after Leopold had already left his own time of 1876. The lead characters of the 2015 film Those People sing along to the song in duelling fashion. A nonsense pastiche of the song in the 2017 film Despicable Me 3, sung by Minions, was termed "amusing" and "the film’s finest moment"; it was uploaded to YouTube by Illumination Entertainment as a singalong challenge, which has garnered more than 19 million views as of 2025.
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major-General's_Song-1.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major-General's_Song-1.md
@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+title: "Major-General's Song"
+chunk: 2/2
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major-General's_Song"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:54.268684+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+=== Television references ===
+The song, or parts of it, has been sung in numerous television programs. For example, The Muppet Show (season 3, episode 52) staged a duet of the song with guest host Gilda Radner and a 7-foot-tall (2.1 m) talking carrot. Radner had requested a seven-foot-tall talking parrot, but Kermit had difficulty reading her handwriting. In a short cutaway from the 2012 Family Guy episode "Killer Queen", Peter plays the Major-General in a community theater production and mumbles all through the opening verse of the song. The 2003 VeggieTales cartoon episode The Wonderful World of Auto-Tainment! features Archibald Asparagus singing the first verse of the song. In Season 2, Episode 13 of USA Network series In Plain Sight, "Let's Get It Ahn", WITSEC workers, Mary and Eleanor, sing along to the song while listening to it being played as hold music. In a Season 3 episode of Home Improvement, "Room for Change" (1994), Al Borland, believing that he is in a sound-proof booth, belts out the first stanza but is heard by everyone.
+Other examples of television renditions of the song include the Babylon 5 episode "Atonement", sung by Marcus Cole to irritate fellow passenger Dr. Franklin; The Wind in the Willows episode "A Producer's Lot" (Series 3, Episode 11) sung by Mole (Richard Pearson); the Married... with Children episode "Peggy and the Pirates" (Season 7, Episode 18); the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "Disaster" and the Star Trek: Short Treks episode "Q&A"; two episodes of Frasier, including "Fathers and Sons", where Martin joins in the song, singing, "With many awful facts about the scary hippopotamus!"; the Mad About You episode "Moody Blues" (Season 6, Episode 5); and the "Deep Space Homer" episode of The Simpsons. Sometimes the song is used in an audition situation. For example, in the Two and a Half Men episode "And the Plot Moistens" (Season 3, Episode 21), Alan sings the first verse of the song to persuade Jake to join the school musical. Similarly, in season 2 of Slings & Arrows, Richard Smith-Jones uses the song to audition for the festival's musical. In the pilot episode of 90210, Annie Wilson sings the beginning of the song in a flash back of her old school performance. In the first episode of the 2020 British miniseries Quiz, about the Charles Ingram cheating scandal, Ingram and another Army officer sing the Major-General's Song.
+Parodies or pastiches of the song have been sung in a number of television programs. For example, the animated series ReBoot ended the series (Episode 39: "End Prog") with a recap of the entire show's plot, set to the song's tune. The Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip episode "The Cold Open" (2006), the cast of Studio 60 opens with a parody: "We'll be the very model of a modern network TV show; we hope that you don't mind that our producer was caught doing blow". In Doctor Who and the Pirates, the Doctor (played by Colin Baker) sings, "I am the very model of a Gallifreyan buccaneer". Other songs, from Pirates, Pinafore and Ruddigore, are parodied. When he hosted Saturday Night Live, David Hyde Pierce's monologue was a parody of the song. In the Animaniacs short "H.M.S. Yakko", Yakko sings "I Am the Very Model of a Cartoon Individual". In the Scrubs episode "My Musical", the song is parodied in "The Rant Song" sung by Dr. Cox. In a 2011 GEICO commercial, a couple that wants to save money, but still listen to musicals, finds a roommate, dressed as the Major-General, who awkwardly begins the song while dancing on a coffee table.
+
+=== Other parodies and pastiches ===
+The song has been widely parodied and pastiched, including by Tom Lehrer's "Elements Song", "The Unix Sysadmin Song", written for the book The Unix Companion by Harley Hahn, which replaces the military references with Unix trivia, and "Every Major's Terrible", featured in comic No. 1052 on the webcomic xkcd in 2012. This comic then became the subject of numerous musical adaptations. "The Elements" inspired the "Boy Scout Merit Badge Song", listing all the merit badges that can be earned from the Boy Scouts of America. In the video games Mass Effect 2 and Mass Effect 3, the character Dr. Mordin Solus sings a short pastiche version ("I Am the Very Model of a Scientist Salarian").
+On the last night of The Proms in 2000, the outgoing conductor, Sir Andrew Davis, sang a pastiche of the song celebrating the festival. When Derek Pattinson retired as Secretary-General of the General Synod of the Church of England in 1990, a choir sang a variation on the Major-General's Song, with the line "He was the very model of a Secretary-General", in a meeting of the General Synod. In 2010, a parody version of the song was posted as an op-ed piece in the Richmond Times-Dispatch mocking actions of the Attorney General of Virginia, Ken Cuccinelli. In 2010, Ron Butler released a YouTube video pastiche of the song, in character as President Obama, that received more than 1.8 million views. A 2015 YouTube parody satirizing county clerk Kim Davis called "The Modern Fundamentalist" was distributed by media outlets.
+The character George Washington, in the song "Right Hand Man" from the 2015 musical Hamilton by Lin-Manuel Miranda, refers to himself with irony as "The model of a modern major-general", which he rhymes with "men are all" and "pedestal". Miranda commented: "I always felt like 'mineral' wasn't the best possible rhyme." Stephen Colbert opined that some verses of "Favorite Song" by rap artist Chance the Rapper (featuring Childish Gambino), utilize the same rhythm as the Major-General's Song. Randy Rainbow released a parody of the song in 2018 titled "A Very Stable Genius", which lampoons Donald Trump.
+
+== References ==
+
+=== Notes ===
+
+=== Sources ===
+Ainger, Michael (2002). Gilbert and Sullivan, a Dual Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514769-3.
+Benford, Harry (1999). Gilbert and Sullivan Lexicon in Which Is Gilded the Philosophic Pill: Featuring New Illustrations (3rd Rev. ed.). Houston, Tex.: Queensbury Press. ISBN 978-0-9667916-1-7.
+Bradley, Ian (1996). The Complete Annotated Gilbert and Sullivan. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816503-X.
+Bradley, Ian (2005). Oh Joy! Oh Rapture! The Enduring Phenomenon of Gilbert and Sullivan. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-516700-7.
+
+== External links ==
+Animaniacs episode HMS Yakko
+Gilbert & Sullivan parodies
+"I am the very model of a Usenet personality", by Tom Holt
+Johns Hopkins University promo
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_World_(radio_programme)-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_World_(radio_programme)-0.md
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 source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_World_(radio_programme)"
 category: "reference"
 tags: "science, encyclopedia"
-date_saved: "2026-05-05T06:12:28.495786+00:00"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:23.462506+00:00"
 instance: "kb-cron"
 ---

--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MonsterTalk-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MonsterTalk-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+---
+title: "MonsterTalk"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MonsterTalk"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:25.522097+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+MonsterTalk is an audio podcast that was originally presented by the Skeptics Society's Skeptic magazine but broke ties in 2019. Since 2019 it has been an independent podcast under the "Monster House, LLC" banner. The show critically examines the science behind cryptozoological creatures, such as Bigfoot, the Loch Ness Monster, and werewolves. It is hosted by Blake Smith and Karen Stollznow, and produced by Blake Smith.  In 2012, MonsterTalk was awarded the Parsec Award for the "Best Fact Behind the Fiction Podcast".
+
+
+== History ==
+The first episode was released on July 2, 2009, and featured an interview with NYU Professor Todd Disotell about the attempted use of DNA evidence in cryptozoologists' search for Bigfoot.
+MonsterTalk interviews scientists and investigators that research cryptozoological claims. The show has covered an extensive array of monsters and cryptids, including zombies, demons, ninjas, the Mothman, Cthulhu, the Skookum cast, the Patterson–Gimlin film, the Minnesota Iceman, the Chupacabra; and extinct animals such as pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, and the thylacine.
+Guests of the show have included Phil Plait, Professor PZ Myers, Steven Novella, magician James Randi, author Brian Regal, writer and illustrator Daniel Loxton, and investigator Joe Nickell.
+
+
+== In the media ==
+In 2011, Curt Holman conducted an interview with MonsterTalk's producer, Blake Smith, for an article in Creative Loafing.  Ghostly Talk radio interviewed the Monster Talk crew in 2009. Blake Smith and Karen Stollznow were also interviewed on the podcast/radio show Skeptically Speaking on May 7, 2010. MonsterTalk is rebroadcast on WPRR in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
+
+
+== Awards ==
+MonsterTalk was nominated for a Parsec Award in 2010 and again in 2011.
+MonsterTalk won the 2012 Parsec Award for "Best Fact Behind the Fiction Podcast", for programs that "explore the facts that influence the fictions—the science, history, culture, and mythology that inspire these stories."
+
+
+== See also ==
+Skeptic (U.S. magazine)
+The Skeptics Society
+Cryptozoology
+Cryptids
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASASpaceflight-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASASpaceflight-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+---
+title: "NASASpaceflight"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASASpaceflight"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:29.518521+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+NASASpaceflight, often referred to as NSF, is a private aerospace news organization, which operates a YouTube channel, website, a shop and a forum, which launched in 2005, as well as various social media channels covering crewed and uncrewed spaceflight and aerospace engineering news. 
+NASASpaceflight original reporting has been referenced by various news outlets on spaceflight-specific news, such as MSNBC, USA Today and The New York Times, among others. 
+NASASpaceflight also produces videos and live streams of rocket launches online, with a special focus on developments at SpaceX's Starbase facility, for which they were recognized with an award by SpaceNews. NSF is currently providing three 24/7 live-streams covering the following:
+
+The Starship operations at Starbase in Texas;
+The testing of the Raptor and Merlin engines near McGregor, Texas;
+Various live videos from Cape Canaveral  and Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
+NSF is owned and operated by managing editor Chris Bergin. The NSF content is produced by a team of spaceflight reporters, journalists, contributors, editors, photographers, and videographers across the United States and other countries.
+NSF also operates the Next Spaceflight website, which keeps track of spaceflight launches.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official NASASpaceflight Website
+Official NASASpaceflight Forum
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_360-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_360-0.md
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ chunk: 1/1
 source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_360"
 category: "reference"
 tags: "science, encyclopedia"
-date_saved: "2026-05-05T06:56:44.016580+00:00"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:28.239308+00:00"
 instance: "kb-cron"
 ---

--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numberphile-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numberphile-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+---
+title: "Numberphile"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numberphile"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:30.837927+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Numberphile is an educational YouTube channel featuring videos that explore topics from a variety of fields of mathematics. In the early days of the channel, each video focused on a specific number, but the channel has since expanded its scope, featuring videos on more advanced mathematical concepts such as Fermat's Last Theorem, the Riemann hypothesis and Kruskal's tree theorem. The videos are produced by Brady Haran, a former BBC video journalist and creator of Periodic Videos, Sixty Symbols, and several other YouTube channels. Videos on the channel feature several university professors, maths communicators and famous mathematicians.
+In 2018, Haran released a spin-off audio podcast titled The Numberphile Podcast.
+
+
+== YouTube channel ==
+The Numberphile YouTube channel was started on 15 September 2011. Most videos consist of Haran interviewing an expert on a number, mathematical theorem or other mathematical concept. The expert usually draws out their explanation on a large piece of brown paper and attempts to make the concepts understandable to the average, non-mathematician viewer. It is supported by the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI) and Math for America. Haran also runs the "Numberphile2" channel, which includes extra footage and further detail than the main channel.
+
+
+=== Reception ===
+Numberphile consistently rates among the top YouTube channels in math and education. The channel was nominated for a Shorty Award in Education in 2016. The New York Times said that, "at Numberphile, mathematicians discourse, enthusiastically and winningly, on numbers", and The Independent described the channel as "insanely popular". The Sunday Times said, "The mathematical stars of social media, such as James Grime and Matt Parker, entertain legions of fans with striking videos demonstrating how powerful and playful maths can be."
+New Scientist listed Numberphile as one of the top ten science channels on YouTube in 2019.
+In 2024, Brady Haran was awarded the Christopher Zeeman Medal recognising excellence in the communication of mathematics for his work, including Numberphile.
+
+
+=== Contributors ===
+The Numberphile channel has hosted a wide array of mathematicians, computer scientists, scientists and science writers, including:
+
+
+== The Numberphile Podcast ==
+
+Haran started a podcast titled The Numberphile Podcast in 2018 as a sister project. The podcast focuses more heavily on the lives and personalities of the subjects of the videos.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh_No,_Ross_and_Carrie!-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh_No,_Ross_and_Carrie!-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+---
+title: "Oh No, Ross and Carrie!"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh_No,_Ross_and_Carrie!"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:32.145121+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Oh No, Ross and Carrie! was an investigative journalism podcast produced in Los Angeles and distributed by the Maximum Fun network. The hosts personally investigated claims about spirituality, fringe science, religion, and the paranormal, then discussed their findings on the show. The motto of the podcast was "We show up so you don't have to."
+
+
+== History ==
+
+The hosts, Ross Blocher and Carrie Poppy, met at a book club meeting at the Center for Inquiry (CFI) West, where they discovered they had a mutual love for The Simpsons television program. They were also both interested in religion and fringe science, so they decided to attend a meeting of the Kabbalah Centre in LA together and analyze the claims made there. That experience inspired them to start their own podcast centered around such investigations.
+The first episode, based on their experiences at the Kabbalah Centre, was released on 10 March 2011. The show was independently distributed until it became part of the Maximum Fun network in January 2014. Funding for the hosts' investigations comes from listener donations.
+Blocher and Poppy investigated a number of religious groups, fringe science claims, and alternative medicine modalities, including Mormonism, dowsing, and Reiki healing.
+The podcast has been ranked among the top 100 podcasts on iTunes in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The highest ranking it has achieved in each country is #30 in Australia, #28 in Canada, #93 in the UK, and #36 in the U.S. It has also been one of the most downloaded podcasts on iTunes in the Religion and Spirituality category, ranking as high as #11 on 9 February 2014.
+On October 13, 2024, the Maximum Fun podcast network released a joint statement from the hosts announcing the end of the show for the foreseeable future. All of their episodes will remain available via the Maximum Fun website.
+
+
+=== Scientology investigation ===
+Beginning in February 2016, they released a series of episodes about their investigation of the Church of Scientology. In their first Scientology episode, the pair state that an investigation of Scientology was their most frequent request. The Scientology episodes were recommended by The Guardian, The A.V. Club, Boing Boing, and SplitSider. As of August 2020, there are ten episodes devoted to the Scientology investigation – 9 original episodes in 2016, and a follow-up episode in 2017. Former senior Scientology executive Mike Rinder said of one episode that "the insight into the current state of affairs inside LA Org is revelatory" because Blocher was the only person in attendance at the introductory classes, despite Scientology's claims that their Los Angeles site is an ideal example of Scientology's success.
+
+
+=== Awards ===
+
+
+== Format ==
+Most episodes featured Blocher and Poppy talking about their experiences during a recent investigation they performed, while some episodes are based on interviews with guests who have some relation to a recent investigation. The investigations usually took place in the Los Angeles area, although some occurred in other areas of California and Arizona, or even internationally. When investigating a claim, the hosts generally attended meetings or sessions having conducted little background research in order to get a feel for what the average person would experience. They performed the investigations undercover and only reveal that they were journalists if asked. On one occasion, when investigating Ordo Templi Orientis, they used assumed names to protect their identities. Some investigations are continued over the span of more than one episode.
+The hosts have even gone so far as to be baptized into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Raëlian UFO religion to more fully explore the teachings of these religions. Poppy was also certified as a Reiki healer in the course of an investigation.
+At the end of each investigation, the hosts subjectively rated the level of pseudoscience, creepiness, danger, and cost (or "pocket drainer" value) of the claim or group they studied using ten-point scales. The pseudoscience rating is based on a scale in which the theory of evolution has a score of 1 (completely scientific) and the idea that humans are made completely of goat sperm has a score of 10 (completely pseudoscientific). Poppy also frequently gives a "hot drink" rating, at the end of the investigation.
+The show was produced by Ian Kremer, and the theme music was created by Brian Keith Dalton, producer of the Mr. Deity video series.
+Blocher and Poppy intermittently perform a live version of the show. In an interview with Richard Saunders Blocher said that the live show gives them a great opportunity to "meet people in person and know that our message... of having fun with zany beliefs resonates with people"
+
+
+== Guests ==
+In addition to episodes about investigations, Blocher and Poppy have also released episodes based on interviews with guests who have some relation to or expertise in the subject of a recent investigation. Notable guests include:
+
+Brian Keith Dalton, producer of Mr. Deity
+Mark Edward, mentalist and psychic entertainer
+Emery Emery, comedian and podcast host
+Susan Gerbic, skeptical activist
+Roger Nygard, film director
+Don Prothero, paleontologist
+Mike Rinder, former Scientologist
+Jon Ronson, author
+Eugenie Scott, anthropologist and advocate for evolution education
+Louis Theroux, documentary filmmaker who made My Scientology Movie
+
+
+== Hosts ==
+
+Ross Blocher lives in the Los Angeles area. He works as a Training Project Manager at Walt Disney Animation Studios, and has a BFA in animation from Woodbury University, He has worked in technical capacities on films such as The Simpsons Movie, The Princess and the Frog and Frozen. Blocher also investigates fringe science and spirituality with the Independent Investigations Group. Both of Blocher's parents were teachers of mathematics.
+Carrie Poppy is a writer and actress living in Los Angeles. She studied theater and philosophy at the University of the Pacific, then studied improvisation and sketch comedy at The Groundlings. She previously worked for the James Randi Educational Foundation and currently writes an investigative column for Skeptical Inquirer magazine. She is vegan and active in the animal rights movement.
+Both Blocher and Poppy are former evangelical Christians but are no longer religious believers.
+Blocher and Poppy presented a workshop on investigation techniques, along with the hosts of the MonsterTalk podcast, at The Amaz!ng Meeting 2012. At that same meeting, Poppy gave a talk on the importance of using inclusive language when reaching out to people with beliefs that are different from one's own.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Religion and spirituality podcast
+List of religion and spirituality podcasts
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ologies_(podcast)-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ologies_(podcast)-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+title: "Ologies (podcast)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ologies_(podcast)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:33.411471+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Ologies with Alie Ward, also known as Ologies, is a weekly science podcast hosted by Alie Ward. Each episode, Ward interviews an expert from a distinct scientific field (somnology, bryology, philematology, etc.). Ologies is usually one of the top three science podcasts on Apple Podcasts. It is often cited by university newspapers and blogs as an example of how to make science communication more accessible and interesting.
+When recording the episodes, Ward aims to avoid "expert sound bites" in favor of a more conversational tone, and she cuts in segments to explain concepts that her guests introduce.
+
+
+== History ==
+Ward first had the idea for the podcast in 2002. Further inspiration built when a visit to the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County in 2013 led into a weekly volunteer shift and a career change into science communications for Ward. After building a following on Patreon, Ward launched Ologies in 2017. By February 2021, Ologies released more than 130 episodes and acquired more than 50 million downloads.
+In July 2021, Ologies began releasing shortened versions of classic episodes called "Smologies." Edited specifically for classrooms, Smologies episodes run roughly 20 minutes, and do not have profanity.
+
+
+== Awards and recognition ==
+2019: Time Magazine named Ologies one of the 50 best podcasts of the year.
+2022: the iHeartRadio Podcast Awards named Ologies “Best Science Podcast” and the Webby Awards honored Ward “Best Podcast Host.”
+2023: awarded People's Voice Winner for Science & Education, Individual Episodes at the Webby Awards and named one of Town & Country's top 23 podcasts of 2023.
+2024: won Best Science & Technology Podcast at The Shorty Awards and was listed under "Best Science Podcasts" in Wired's list of 60 best podcasts of 2024.
+2025: the iHeartRadio Podcast Awards named Ologies “Best Science Podcast” and Time Magazine honored Ologies as one of "The 100 Best Podcasts of All Time."
+
+
+== See also ==
+List of science podcasts
+List of popular science mass media outlets
+
+
+== References ==
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Only_Human_(podcast)-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Only_Human_(podcast)-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+title: "Only Human (podcast)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Only_Human_(podcast)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:34.621296+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Only Human is a health-oriented podcast produced by WNYC Studios. The podcast is hosted by Mary Harris, who previously covered health for ABC News.
+
+
+== Background ==
+WNYC chose Mary Harris as the host of the show because they were hoping to expand the demographic of their audience to include young women. The show was hosted on Mondays at 9:30pm eastern standard time. The show was an attempt to create a health-oriented discussion that was more accessible to listeners. The show discusses topics such as laughter's effect on health, cancer, water pollution, transgender hormone therapy, and transgender health disparities. The show did a series on the ability to listen. The show also discusses how some doctors struggle with addiction the same as their patients.
+
+
+== Reception ==
+Esquire listed the show as one of the best podcasts in 2016. Women's Health listed the show as one of the best health and wellness podcasts.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overheard_at_National_Geographic-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overheard_at_National_Geographic-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "Overheard at National Geographic"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overheard_at_National_Geographic"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:35.846344+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Overheard at National Geographic is a science and travel podcast produced by National Geographic hosted by Peter Gwin and Amy Briggs.
+
+
+== Background ==
+The show is a science and travel podcast produced by National Geographic. The first couple seasons were hosted by Vaughn Wallace. Season three was hosted by Peter Gwin and Amy Briggs. Each episode is about 20 minuted in length.
+There are multiple episodes focused on whale song. There is an episode that focuses on United States v. One Tyrannosaurus Bataar Skeleton. Another episode focuses on scuba diving below a pryamid in Nuri to explore the Kingdom of Kush. In another episode, the show focuses on the psychology of child lying and its effects on a child's development.
+
+
+== Reception ==
+
+
+=== Awards ===
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus_Magazine-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus_Magazine-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+title: "Plus Magazine"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus_Magazine"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:37.018538+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Plus Magazine is an online popular mathematics magazine run under the Millennium Mathematics Project at the University of Cambridge.
+Plus contains:
+
+feature articles on all aspects of mathematics;
+reviews of popular maths books and events;
+a news section;
+mathematical puzzles and games;
+interviews with people in maths related careers;
+Plus Podcast – Maths on the Move
+
+
+== History ==
+Plus was initially named PASS Maths (Public Awareness and Schools Support for Maths) in 1997, when it was a project of the Interactive Courseware Research and Development Group, based jointly at the University of Cambridge and Keele University. Plus is now part of the Millennium Mathematics Project, a long term national initiative based in Cambridge and active across the UK and internationally.
+Authors of articles in Plus include Stephen Hawking and Marcus du Sautoy.
+Plus won the 2001 Webby for Best Science Site on the Web, and has been described as "an excellent site put together by those with a real love for the subject". In 2006 the Millennium Mathematics Project, of which Plus is a part, won the  Queen's Anniversary Prize for Higher Education.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
+Millennium Mathematics Project official website at the Wayback Machine (archived 25 November 1999)
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_Inquiry-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_Inquiry-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+title: "Point of Inquiry"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_Inquiry"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:38.301407+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Point of Inquiry is the radio show and flagship podcast of the Center for Inquiry (CFI), "a think tank promoting science, reason, and secular values in public policy and at the grass roots". Started in 2005, Point of Inquiry has consistently been ranked among the best science podcasts available in iTunes. It has been celebrated for its guests and for the quality of its interviews. Former guests include leading scientists, writers and public intellectuals such as Neil DeGrasse Tyson, Paul Krugman, Lisa Randall, Brian Greene, Oliver Sacks, Susan Jacoby, David Brin and Temple Grandin.
+
+
+== Format ==
+Point of Inquiry is recorded at the Center for Inquiry headquarters in Amherst, New York. iTunes features over 200 free episodes of Point of Inquiry, averaging 30 to 35 minutes in length, with each consisting of a long form interview with a high-profile guest from the worlds of scientific skepticism, science, academia, and philosophy. The show focuses on traditional topics in scientific skepticism, such as psychic investigations, alternative medicine, alleged extraterrestrial visitations, ghosts, and cryptozoology. It also covers current events and public policy. The inaugural episode in December 2005 featured an interview with CFI founder Paul Kurtz, who spoke about the incompatibility of science and religion.
+In July 2012, Point of Inquiry produced their first video episode featuring Michael De Dora, Ed Brayton, Jessica Ahlquist, and Jamie Kilstein.
+Previously, Chris Mooney hosted half of the shows with the balance split between the other hosts.
+In October 2013, CFI announced the "new team who will take Point of Inquiry into its next exciting phase", Lindsay Beyerstein, Josh Zepps and producer Joshua Billingsley.
+On June 2, 2017, Point of Inquiry released its first episode with new host Paul Fidalgo. New hosts Kavin Senapathy and James Underdown were announced on October 15, 2018. The show is produced by CFI digital marketing strategist, Michael Powell.
+
+
+== Staff ==
+
+
+=== Timeline ===
+
+
+== Popular Science Idol ==
+Point of inquiry co-sponsored the "Popular Science Idol" contest along with the National Science Foundation Office of Legislative and Public Affairs, Discover Magazine, and Popular Science as a science spoof of the reality television series American Idol. The event was hosted as a workshop to discover the next great science communicator. The event was hosted by Chris Mooney and Indre Viskontas served as one of the expert judges. The first event was won by Tom Di Loberto for a 3-minute presentation on the difficulties involved in predicting the weather.
+
+
+== Select episodes ==
+
+A full episode list is available on iTunes.
+
+
+== Recognition ==
+In May 2012, Point of Inquiry was named one of the "Top 10 Podcasts to Feed Your Brain" by Business Insider.
+Featured podcast suggestion by the Telegraph February 9, 2013.
+
+
+=== Awards ===
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probably_Science-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probably_Science-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+---
+title: "Probably Science"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probably_Science"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:39.504660+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Probably Science is a weekly comedy and science podcast which first aired on January 21, 2012. The show is co-hosted by Andy Wood, Matt Kirshen, and Jesse Case. Former co-host and founding member Brooks Wheelan left the show in 2013 for personal reasons and has since returned as a guest. In Wheelan's absence, Case, previously a guest, was brought on as a co-host.
+The podcast focuses on current scientific news. Occasionally it explores different facets of relevant media, including the host's comedy careers, as well as the large array of careers and hobbies held by the guests.
+A wide range of guest have appeared in their episodes, including astronaut Chris Hadfield, astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, comedian Chris Hardwick, Sean M. Carroll (a research professor in the Department of Physics at the California Institute of Technology), and two appearances from Doctor Who and Guardians of the Galaxy actress Karen Gillan.
+
+
+== SPATS ==
+In episode 514, released on Nov. 27th, 2023, the podcast team introduced the SPATS. The concept is similar to the EGOT and is an honor for actors who have operated or traveled on a ship, plane, automobile, train, and spaceship in their films.
+
+
+== Episodes ==
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirks_&_Quarks-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirks_&_Quarks-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+title: "Quirks & Quarks"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirks_&_Quarks"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:29.871887+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Quirks & Quarks is a Canadian science news program, heard over CBC Radio One of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC).
+Created by CBC Producer Diana Filer  and airing since October 8, 1975, Quirks & Quarks is consistently rated among the most popular CBC programs, attracting over 800,000 listeners each Saturday from 12:06 to 13:00. The show is also heard on Sirius Satellite Radio and some American public radio stations. The show consists of several segments each week, most of which involve the host interviewing a scientist about a recent discovery or publication, combined with in-depth documentaries; however, from time to time the show does a special "Question Show" episode, during which the format consists of scientists answering questions submitted by listeners.
+Quirks & Quarks has offered listeners Internet audio streams and MP3 downloads on its web page since 1993. The MP3 audio files have been archived on the program web site, going back to Sept. 2006. In 2005, Quirks became the first major CBC show available as a podcast. Since the program began, it has won more than 80 national and international journalism awards, including the prestigious Walter Sullivan Award (twice) and the Science Writing Award from the American Institute of Physics (twice).
+In the mid-2000s, the CBC began repackaging episodes of Quirks & Quarks into podcast segments.  On November 28, 2006, the Quirks & Quarks podcast was one of the top 10 downloads on the iTunes podcast chart.
+
+
+== Hosts ==
+1975–1979: David Suzuki
+1979–1991: Jay Ingram
+1992: David Mowbray
+1992–present: Bob McDonald
+Suzuki went on to host CBC Television's The Nature of Things.  Ingram left to become founding host of Discovery Channel Canada's nightly science-news program @discovery.ca. Mowbray hosted for four months and then left to make documentary films about science in international development. McDonald came to Quirks from having hosted CBC Television's children's science program Wonderstruck.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
+Quirks and Quarks - Canadian Communication Foundation
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivity_(song)-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivity_(song)-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+---
+title: "Radioactivity (song)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivity_(song)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:55.498205+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+"Radioactivity" (German: "Radioaktivität") is a song by the German electronic music band Kraftwerk. It was released in February 1976 as the only single from their fifth studio album, Radio-Activity (1975).
+The song was a commercial success in France and Belgium, but failed to chart in other countries, and thus was not as successful as Kraftwerk's previous hit "Autobahn".
+
+
+== Composition ==
+
+The original recording features a Minimoog bass line playing eighth notes. Morse code signals spelling out radioactivity are also present, near the beginning of the track and again near the end. The second time the message continues with is in the air for you and me.
+The song was re-recorded as a radically different version for The Mix album in 1991 and was issued as a single in an edited form with remixes by François Kevorkian and William Orbit. The 1991 version drops all references to radio and incorporates additional lyrics with a pointed anti-nuclear theme, remaking the central lyrical hook as “stop radioactivity” and also referring to “contaminated population” and mentioning by name Chernobyl, Harrisburg, Sellafield and Hiroshima.
+
+
+== Live performances ==
+"Radioactivity" has remained a regular part of Kraftwerk's live sets over the years. On its original performances in 1976, the band tried out an experimental light-beam operated "percussion cage", during which Wolfgang Flür attempted to trigger electronic drum sounds by interrupting light beams using arm gestures. This system frequently failed.
+The band performed the Mix version at the "Stop Sellafield" concert in 1992. The song was performed during majority of live performances since 1991. Live versions of "Radioactivity" feature on both English and German versions of the band's 2005 live album Minimum-Maximum.
+That live version played between 2002 and 2011, that mixed 1975 and 1991 versions, included the Sellafield 2 intro (they've used it since 1997, until 2011), where Florian says through a vocoder:
+"Sellafield 2 will produce 7.5 tons of plutonium every year. 1.5 kilograms of plutonium make a nuclear bomb. Sellafield 2 will release the same amount of radioactivity into the environment as Chernobyl every 4.5 years. One of these radioactive substances, krypton-85, will cause death and skin cancer".
+In 2012, Kraftwerk performed the new remix of "Radioactivity" during No Nukes 2012, held in Japan. To commemorate the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, Hütter sang alternate lyrics to the song in Japanese. The new lyrics were translated into Japanese language by Ryuichi Sakamoto, and make direct reference to Fukushima. This version of the song also has notable lyric changes such as "Chernobyl, Harrisburg, Sellafield, Fukushima," as well as calls for the end of Japan's use of nuclear technology. This altered version of the song is also the version Kraftwerk performs live to this day, albeit with the second chorus switching back to the English or German lyrics sung on the Mix version, depending on where they perform. This version also appears on the band's 2017 live album 3-D The Catalogue.
+
+
+== Reception ==
+"Radioactivity" is widely regarded as one of Kraftwerk's best songs. In 2020, Billboard and The Guardian ranked the song number five and number two, respectively, on their lists of the greatest Kraftwerk songs.
+The song influenced Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark's song "Electricity". Andy McCluskey of OMD describes "Electricity" as "a faster, punkier version of 'Radioactivity' with a chorus".
+
+
+== Appearances in other media ==
+The song appeared in Rainer Werner Fassbinder's films Chinese Roulette and Berlin Alexanderplatz,  and the 2010 documentary Into Eternity.
+The song, as did other songs from Radio-Activity, appeared in the Brazilian telenovela Saramandaia.
+The song appeared in the season finale of American Horror Story season 11, as part of a death montage.
+
+
+== Track listing ==
+
+
+== Charts ==
+
+
+== Certifications and sales ==
+
+
+== 1991 re-issue ==
+
+"Radioactivity" was re-issued 1991 as a single from Kraftwerk's remix album The Mix, featuring remixes by François Kevorkian and William Orbit. The song's new lyrics turn it into an anti-nuclear protest song, with references to the Hiroshima bombing, Three Mile Island (Harrisburg), Chernobyl, and Sellafield.
+
+
+== Track listing ==
+
+
+=== 7-inch single ===
+
+
+=== 12-inch single ===
+
+
+=== CD single ===
+
+
+=== Cassette single ===
+
+
+== Charts ==
+
+
+== Fatboy Slim version ==
+
+Fatboy Slim covered "Radioactivity" for the closing track of his compilation album Late Night Tales: Fatboy Slim. It featured vocals contributed by a woman from his favorite record store. The song was released as a limited edition 7-inch single.
+
+
+== Track listing ==
+
+
+=== 7-inch single ===
+
+
+== References ==
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolab-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolab-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+---
+title: "Radiolab"
+chunk: 1/2
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolab"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:41.899730+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Radiolab is a radio program and podcast produced by WNYC, a public radio station based in New York City, and broadcast on more than 570 public radio stations in the United States. The show has earned many industry awards for its "imaginative use of radio" including  a National Academies Communication Award and two Peabody Awards.
+Radiolab was founded by Jad Abumrad in 2002, and evolved with co-host Robert Krulwich and executive producer Ellen Horne. As of 2023, Radiolab is hosted by Latif Nasser and Lulu Miller.
+The show focuses on topics of a scientific, philosophical, and political nature. The show attempts to approach broad, difficult topics such as "time" and "morality" in an accessible and light-hearted manner and with a distinctive audio production style.
+
+== History ==
+The original version of Radiolab was a three-hour weekly show on New York City radio station WNYC's AM signal. Abumrad, a freelancer for WNYC, produced and hosted the show, which presented documentary radio work in an original style. Dean Cappello, then the chief content officer of WNYC Radio, told The New York Times that it was conceived back in 2002 as a space for experimentation and also as a way to fill a "blank space" on the station’s Sunday-night schedule.
+The early themed episodes were not always science-related, but tackled issues such as the death penalty, religious fundamentalism and politics in Africa and the Middle East.
+
+In 2003, Abumrad was given a freelance assignment by WNYC to interview ABC News science reporter Robert Krulwich and the two men discovered they had a lot in common: both were alumni of Oberlin College (though 25 years apart), and both had worked at WBAI before moving on to WNYC and NPR. They became fast friends and began collaborating as co-hosts on experimental radio pieces — initially outside of Radiolab. In 2003, they sent their first piece to radio producer Ira Glass for a proposed Flag Day episode of This American Life. The 2-minute piece, which never aired on This American Life, was included in the 2008 Radiolab episode “Jad and Robert: The Early Years.” In the episode Abumrad and Krulwich interview Glass, and ask him his recollection of the piece. "It was horrible", Glass said. In an interview with Abumrad and Krulwich, Glass said: "I never would have put the two of you together on anything again… It's just amazing that you were able to put together such a wonderful program after that."
+In 2003, Abumrad was joined on Radiolab by Executive Producer Ellen Horne, whom Abumrad credits with breathing life into the show. They developed the show, and by January 2004, Radiolab had become an hour-long, science-themed program characterized by Abumrad's unique sound design style. The program was then still considered experimental. In June 2004, Robert Krulwich appeared as a "guest host" on an episode titled "Time." By the following episode ("Space", aired two weeks later), they were co-hosts. In 2005, the program had its first official season, with five episodes, on WNYC. The program gained national distribution soon after. Live shows were introduced in 2008.
+Initially distributed nationally by NPR, WNYC began distributing the show in 2015. The change was marked by the omission of NPR's name in the show's opening audio sequence after the tagline, "You're listening to Radiolab...from WNYC."
+Horne left RadioLab in 2015, and Krulwich retired as co-host in February 2020. That September, Lulu Miller and Latif Nasser became co-hosts, succeeding Krulwich. In January 2022, Abumrad announced his retirement from Radiolab, handing over the reins to co-hosts Miller and Nasser. The podcast offers a subscription called The Lab with which listeners can directly support the production.
+
+== Format ==
+Each episode of RadioLab is one hour long and tackles various philosophical and scientific topics. Each episode is elaborately styled. For instance, thematic—and often dissonant and atonal—music accompanies much of the commentary. In an April 2011 interview with The New York Times, Abumrad explained the choices in music: "I put a lot of jaggedy sounds, little plurps and things, strange staccato, percussive things." In addition, previously recorded interview segments are interspersed with the show's live dialogue, adding a layered, call-and-response effect to the questions posed by the hosts. These recordings are often unedited and the interviewee's asides appear in the final product. In the same New York Times interview, Abumrad said, "You're trying to capture the rhythms and the movements, the messiness of the actual experience.... It sounds like life." And unlike traditional journalism, in which the reader is given only access to the final article, not the interview, Abumrad added that Radiolab's process is more transparent.
+The episode credits are generally narrated by people who were interviewed or featured on the show, rather than the hosts, while the program credits are read by listeners.
+As of June 15, 2009, the podcast offers full, hour-long episodes on a regular schedule with a varied number of interspersed, abbreviated podcasts "that follow some detour or left turn, explore music we love, take you to live events, and generally try to shake up your universe". The extra podcasts, called "Shorts", are occasionally combined into full-length compilation episodes.
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolab-1.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolab-1.md
@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+---
+title: "Radiolab"
+chunk: 2/2
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolab"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:41.899730+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+== Reception and awards ==
+Radiolab has been widely acclaimed among listeners and critics alike for its imaginative format and original use of sound design. It has been hailed, along with This American Life, as one of the most innovative shows on American radio.
+As of January 2023, Radiolab has earned 13 podcast industry award nominations, including 7 wins, including the 2013 People's Choice Podcast Award for Best Science and Medicine Podcast and the 2015 People's Choice Podcast Award for Best Produced Podcast.  Radiolab was also awarded for the Shorty Award for Best Podcast.
+Radiolab has also won two Peabody Awards for broadcast excellence. The first Peabody was awarded to the show overall, and the second was awarded for the episode titled "60 Words" (aired on April 18, 2014) garnered a second Peabody Award for Radiolab.
+Radiolab also received a 2007 National Academies Communication Award "for their imaginative use of radio to make science accessible to broad audiences". The program has received two Peabody Awards; first in 2010 and again in 2014.
+In 2011, Abumrad received the MacArthur grant, in recognition of his work with RadioLab.
+In a 2007–2008 study by Multimedia Research (sponsored by the National Science Foundation), it was determined that over 95 percent of listeners reported that the science-based material featured on Radiolab was accessible. Additionally, upwards of 80 percent of listeners reported that the program's pace was exciting, and over 80 percent reported that the layering of interviews was engaging.
+On January 26, 2024, Radiolab aired an episode about the asteroid 2002 VE68, which Nasser first noticed on his child's Solar System poster, where it was mistakenly referred to as "ZOOZVE". This lead Radiolab to propose the name "Zoozve" for the asteroid, which was approved and announced by the International Astronomical Union on February 5, 2024. Radiolab and the IAU held a public naming campaign for the asteroid 2004 GU9 from June to September 2024. The winning name was Cardea, which was announced by the IAU on January 13, 2025.
+
+== Controversy ==
+On September 24, 2012, in a podcast titled "The Fact of the Matter", the program ran a segment about the yellow rain incidents in Laos and surrounding countries in the 1970s. Included in the story was an interview with Hmong veteran and refugee Eng Yang, with his niece Kao Kalia Yang serving as translator. After hearing the segment, Kao Kalia Yang and others complained that her uncle's viewpoints had been dismissed or edited out, that interviewer Robert Krulwich had treated them callously, and that the overall approach to the story had been racist. The complaints prompted several rounds of allegation, apology, rebuttal, and edits to the podcast, as well as commentary in various sources such as the public radio newspaper Current.
+On August 12, 2017, Radiolab removed an episode titled "Truth Trolls" about the attacks on LaBeouf, Rönkkö & Turner's HEWILLNOTDIVIDE.US art project by trolls. The program had been criticized for appearing to condone the actions of extremist groups, with Turner condemning the reporting as "abhorrent and irresponsible" for describing the vandalism and harassment they had been subjected to as "a really encouraging story" and "comforting." Abumrad issued an apology for giving the impression that they "essentially condoned some pretty despicable ideology and behavior," while WNYC stated that they supported Radiolab's decision to remove the podcast, adding that "Radiolab unambiguously rejects the beliefs and actions of the trolls, and deeply regrets doing anything that would imply differently."
+
+== Radiolab live ==
+
+In spring 2011, Krulwich and Abumrad took the show on a live, national tour, selling out in cities such as New York, Seattle, and Los Angeles.
+The tour covered 21 cities and primarily focused on a speculative fringe theory regarding the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event that has not been published in a peer-reviewed journal. The fundamental new idea surrounding this theory is that when a large asteroid impacted the Earth, the asteroid driving into the ground caused the rock to become heated so extremely that it became gaseous. This "rock-gas" was then ejected outside the Earth's atmosphere and into space. The rock-gas, after cooling into many tiny glass particles, was pulled back in by Earth's gravity. The majority of this "glass-rain" burned up in the Earth's atmosphere upon re-entry, causing the Earth's atmosphere to become superheated, killing most of the species living on the surface of the Earth within a matter of hours. The episode did not include any discussion of the problems with the theory or that it has not been published in a peer-reviewed journal.
+Episode 3 of Season 12, titled "Apocalyptical – Live from the Paramount in Seattle", was recorded at one of the live show tour locations that Radiolab performed. Unlike most shows, this show was also filmed, and made available on their official website.
+
+== More Perfect ==
+
+In June 2016, Radiolab launched their first "spinoff series" entitled More Perfect. The series examines controversial and historic cases in the Supreme Court of the United States. The show's title comes from the preamble  of the United States Constitution which begins "We the People, in order to form a more perfect Union". The team working on the podcast became interested in the topic after studying an adoption case related to the Indian Child Welfare Act.
+The show's first season launched on June 1, 2016, and ran for eight episodes. The second season returned on September 30, 2017, and aired nine episodes. The show's third season began on September 18, 2018, and ran for nine episodes.
+The show relaunched on May 11, 2023, hosted by Julia Longoria (former host of The Experiment, a co-production of WNYC Studios and The Atlantic, and one of the original More Perfect producers), with a 12-part season.
+Since then, More Perfect has not aired any more episodes, although reruns are still occasionally posted in the Radiolab feed.
+
+== Radiolab for Kids ==
+Radiolab launched series Radiolab for Kids which features content suitable for children and family listening, including the series Terrestrial on September 15, 2022.
+
+== References ==
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
+Audio interview with Krulwich & Abumrad on the public radio program Bullseye with Jesse Thorn
+Podcast interview with Jad Abumrad
+Archived 2013-01-06 at the Wayback Machine: Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich interviewed by Charlie Rose on January 2, 2013.
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reach
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reach
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawbones_(podcast)-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawbones_(podcast)-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+---
+title: "Sawbones (podcast)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawbones_(podcast)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:44.360181+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Sawbones: A Marital Tour of Misguided Medicine is a weekly, comedic medical podcast hosted by Dr. Sydnee McElroy and her husband, podcaster Justin McElroy. The show is distributed online by Maximum Fun.
+In each episode, Sydnee discusses an element of historical medical practice, while Justin provides a comedic foil. The show normally focuses on antiquated medical practices that are unusual to modern listeners but occasionally covers rare and unusual disorders and occurrences.
+
+
+== History ==
+
+
+=== Background and formation ===
+Justin McElroy began podcasting in 2007 as co-host of the video game talk show The Joystiq Podcast. In episode 115 Sydnee briefly appeared as a guest alongside Justin to answer questions about the 2009 swine flu pandemic. Sydnee and Justin McElroy had also previously worked together on a short podcast series entitled Losing the Sheen, focused on watching Two and a Half Men.  The show only lasted nine episodes before the two became tired of it, instead starting a medical podcast based on Sydnee's expertise. While developing the idea for the show, the McElroys decided that it would be irresponsible for them to give medical advice to listeners, even with Sydnee's background. They opted instead to focus on the historical aspects, which had been an interest of Sydnee's. Like other shows by the family, such as My Brother, My Brother and Me, Sawbones is distributed via the Maximum Fun network.
+Sawbones has aired over 500 episodes with content on "medical history to uncover all the odd, weird, wrong, dumb and just gross ways we've tried to fix people over the years."
+
+
+=== The Horrifying, Hilarious Road To Modern Medicine ===
+In June 2018, a book adaptation of the podcast was announced, under the title The Sawbones Book: The Horrifying, Hilarious Road To Modern Medicine. Published by Weldon Owen, the book became available in October 2018. The book showed up in the top 10 Audible bestsellers for the week ending April 5, 2019. The book was on the New York Times best sellers list in the science category for three weeks. The book was illustrated by Sydnee's sibling, Teylor Smirl.
+
+
+== See also ==
+List of history podcasts
+List of health and wellness podcasts
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Friday-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Friday-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+---
+title: "Science Friday"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Friday"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:31.174665+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Science Friday (known as SciFri for short) is a weekly call-in talk show that broadcasts each Friday on public radio stations, distributed by WNYC Studios, and carried on over 500 public radio stations. SciFri is hosted by science journalist Ira Flatow and Flora Lichtman and is produced by the Science Friday Initiative. The program is divided into two one-hour programs, with each hour ending with a complete sign-off. The focus of each program is news and information on science, nature, medicine, and technology. The show originated as the Friday episode of the daily call-in talk show Talk of the Nation, but was spun off as a series in its own right when Talk of the Nation was canceled in June 2013.
+The Science Friday radio program is produced by the Science Friday Initiative, a 501(c)(3) organization. The Science Friday Initiative is an independently run organization with a governing board of directors and executive director. In addition to the radio program and podcasts, the organization creates educational and digital content, finds underwriting for the program, and hosts public science events.
+Science Friday is also available as a daily podcast and is one of the most popular iTunes downloads, frequently in the top 15 downloads each week. SciFri podcasts are downloaded over 23 million times per year.
+SciFri has broadcast excerpts from the annual Ig Nobel Prize ceremony on the Friday after Thanksgiving.
+
+
+== Funding ==
+The Science Friday Initiative accepts tax-deductible donations on behalf of the radio program.
+Science Friday is funded by stations fees that broadcast the program, by individual donors, by advertising underwriters, and by foundation grants including the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Research Corporation for Science Advancement, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and Heising-Simons Foundation. Formerly the program was supported by the Noyce Foundation, the S.D. Bechtel Jr. Foundation, and the Carnegie Corporation of New York. Science Friday has received federal funding from the US National Science Foundation and NASA.
+
+
+== History ==
+SciFri was created when the National Science Foundation agreed to fund a weekly science talk-show on NPR. After the Gulf War in 1991, NPR created the daily talk show Talk of the Nation, with Science Friday originating as the Friday edition of that series. Talk of the Nation ended its run in 2013, after which Science Friday became a standalone series and moved from NPR to Public Radio International in 2014.
+Science Friday maintained an island (Science Friday Island) in Second Life, including an open-air theater with live audio and video feeds of the broadcast. That venue is no longer in operation.
+On November 9, 2012, ScienceFriday, Inc. filed a trademark infringement lawsuit in New York state court against a long-running Denver radio program, titled Real Science Friday, hosted by two young earth creationists including Colorado pastor and radio personality Bob Enyart.  The show was re-titled Real Science Radio.
+On April 11, 2018, distribution of the show changed hands once more when it went from PRI to WNYC Studios.
+Science Friday introduced Flora Lichtman as a regular host in January 2025.
+
+
+=== Undiscovered ===
+Science Friday launched a spinoff podcast in collaboration with WNYC Studios entitled Undiscovered, which debuted in early 2017. The show is hosted by Elah Feder and Annie Minoff. The show is about the history of science.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Institute for Nonprofit News (member)
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Claudia Dreifus (April 4, 2000). "A Conversation with: Ira Flatow; Latter-Day Mr. Wizard Expounds on the Joy of Science". The New York Times. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Vs-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Vs-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+title: "Science Vs"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Vs"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:49.358991+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Science Vs is a science podcast created and hosted by Wendy Zukerman. The show takes a myth-busting approach to controversial topics and current events, with fact checking and research of the scientific literature, as well as interviewing relevant experts. A typical show will have over a hundred citations and involve background interviews of dozens of scientists in addition to the scientists who speak on the show.
+
+
+== History ==
+The show was first produced and distributed in 2015 by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) as part of ABC Radio's First Run podcast program. Science Vs was picked up by Gimlet Media, a Brooklyn-based digital media company. Originally, Zukerman had to do all the research herself, but under Gimlet she was able to hire a dedicated research team. Episode topics have included immigration, gun control, ghosts, climate change, acne, and antidepressants, among others. Zukerman has said that the idea for Science Vs came from news headlines about Gwyneth Paltrow wanting women to participate in a "health practice" of vaginal steaming, which she thought could combine science with humor. Zukerman summarized her podcast's position against false equivalences, saying, "If there's a 95 percent consensus among scientists, you report the consensus."
+In 2019 the show, along with other Gimlet Podcasts, was acquired by Spotify.
+In February 2022 Zukerman announced that in response to COVID-19 misinformation spread by The Joe Rogan Experience, another Spotify podcast, Science Vs would suspend regular programming and air only shows that fact-check other Spotify podcasts.  Zukerman called the platform's support of Rogan's COVID-19 misinformation "a slap in the face" in an email to Spotify CEO Daniel Ek. The February 25, 2022 episode of the podcast was devoted to refuting claims about the COVID-19 vaccine made on an episode of Rogan's podcast by virologist Robert Malone.
+
+
+== Reception ==
+The show was a 2020 nominee for a Podcast Award, and the host Wendy Zukerman is a nominee for a 2021 Podcast Academy "Ambie" Best Host Award.
+It was Spotify's #1 Science podcast in the US and #20 overall.
+
+
+== See also ==
+List of health and wellness podcasts
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_in_Action_(radio_programme)-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_in_Action_(radio_programme)-0.md
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ chunk: 1/1
 source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_in_Action_(radio_programme)"
 category: "reference"
 tags: "science, encyclopedia"
-date_saved: "2026-05-05T06:12:57.220399+00:00"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:33.406539+00:00"
 instance: "kb-cron"
 ---

--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/She_Blinded_Me_with_Science-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/She_Blinded_Me_with_Science-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+---
+title: "She Blinded Me with Science"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/She_Blinded_Me_with_Science"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:58.013278+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+"She Blinded Me with Science" is a song by the English musician Thomas Dolby, released in 1982. It was first released as a single in the United Kingdom on 25 October 1982. It was subsequently included on the EP Blinded by Science and the 1983 re-release of Dolby's debut album The Golden Age of Wireless.
+Although viewed as a success in both the United States and Canada, peaking at No. 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 and 2 weeks at No. 1 in Canada's RPM magazine, the song barely managed to score among the Top 50 in Dolby's native United Kingdom, peaking at No. 49 on the UK Singles Chart in 1982.
+Dolby is often considered a one-hit wonder in the United States on the basis of the song's chart success there. In 2002, US cable television network VH1 named "She Blinded Me with Science" No. 20 on its list of the "100 Greatest One-hit Wonders". While the song is Dolby's only Top 40 single on the Billboard Hot 100, he has had other songs that scored on the music charts. In 2006, VH1 placed it at No. 76 on their list of "Greatest Songs of the '80s". Then, in 2009, it ranked No. 13 on VH1's "100 Greatest One Hit Wonders of the 80s" list.  The song was used as the theme song in the pilot episode of The Big Bang Theory before it was replaced with the "Big Bang Theory Theme" by rock band Barenaked Ladies.
+
+
+== Background ==
+The song features exclamations from the British scientist and TV presenter Magnus Pyke, who repeatedly interjects "Science!" and delivers other lines in a deliberately caricatured mad scientist manner, such as, "Good heavens, Miss Sakamoto, you're beautiful!" The quote "As a known scientist, it would be a bit surprising if the girl blinded me with science" was Pyke actually talking through his character with Dolby. Dolby created the instrumental track for "She Blinded Me With Science" without MIDI and instead played the synthesizers by hand and programmed the drums on a computer.
+"She Blinded Me With Science" was not included on the original release of his debut album, The Golden Age of Wireless. Following the commercial success of the single, The Golden Age of Wireless was reissued with the song added to the track list.
+When discussing the song in a 1984 interview with Billboard, Dolby commented that he was "very pleased" with "She Blinded Me With Science" and that "something about it also turned me off. I thought it was my most frivolous song, that it wasn't me."
+
+
+== Music video ==
+The video for "She Blinded Me with Science" was conceived and storyboarded before the song was written. Dolby added the song title, wrote the song to fit the planned video, and then directed the music video. The video features Magnus Pyke as The Doctor, at "The Home for Deranged Scientists". Much of it was filmed at The Holme near Regent's Park in London, at the time owned and managed by the Crown Estate.
+Dolby later said that he wrote the line "Good heavens, Miss Sakamoto" because he wanted a Japanese woman to appear in the video. He was quoted as saying: "I was boldly ahead of the times in fetishizing Asian women." The name is a reference to Ryuichi Sakamoto's wife Akiko Yano, who was in the studio at the time; she had previously sung backing on Dolby's 1982 single "Radio Silence", and he would collaborate with Sakamoto on the single "Field Work" a couple of years later.
+
+
+== Personnel ==
+Credits sourced from Mix
+
+Thomas Dolby – lead and backing vocals, Roland Jupiter-4, Moog Source, PPG Wave, Simmons programming, Eventide Harmonizer
+Matthew Seligman – Moog Source (bass)
+Tim Friese-Greene – PPG Wave, Eventide Harmonizer
+Kevin Armstrong – electric guitar
+Simon House – violin
+Magnus Pyke – spoken word
+Mutt Lange – backing vocals
+Miriam Stockley – backing vocals
+
+
+== Chart positions ==
+
+
+== Certifications ==
+
+
+== See also ==
+List of number-one singles of 1983 (Canada)
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Thomas Dolby - "She Blinded Me With Science: the story behind the song" at Top 2000-a-gogo, on YouTube
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skepticality-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skepticality-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+title: "Skepticality"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skepticality"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:52.984947+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Skepticality was the official podcast of The Skeptics Society's Skeptic magazine. Beginning in May 2005, the podcast explores rational thought, skeptical ideas, and famous myths from around the world and throughout history.  Each episode is an audio magazine featuring regular segments by contributors who are specialized in specific areas of critical thought followed by featured content which is usually in the form of an interview with a researcher, author, or individual who is helping promote skeptical thought and/or science in an effective way.  It has featured interviews with James Randi, and scientists, such as authors and astronomers Phil Plait and Neil deGrasse Tyson, Greg Graffin from Bad Religion, Adam Savage from the MythBusters, songwriter Jill Sobule, author Ann Druyan and science communicator Bill Nye.
+Skepticality is co-hosted by Derek Colanduno and "Swoopy" Robynn McCarthy.
+The last released episode is from 28 August 2019.
+
+
+== History ==
+The concept and the name Skepticality  were created in May 2005 by Robynn McCarthy and Derek Colanduno, after the two became friends in Las Vegas. At the time, Colanduno was working at a national Sports Radio network and a privately owned Alternative Rock Station (KEDG) during the overnight shift. Skepticality gained notability on September 7, 2005 during a keynote address, when Apple CEO Steve Jobs mentioned it as one of the top nine podcasts at the iTunes Music Store. On August 14, 2006, Skepticality became Skeptic magazine's official podcast.
+
+
+== Featured segments ==
+Tim Farley of What's The Harm?, Skeptools.com and Virtual Skeptics.com regularly contributes pieces of skeptic history with this segment titled Skepticism, Past and Future.  First called A Few Minutes of Skeptic History, it debuted on episode 123 on March 3, 2010.
+Bob Carroll from The Skeptics Dictionary debuted with a segment on logical fallacies called Unnatural Virtue, March 27, 2012.
+Jarrett Kaufman and Wendy Hughes from the Independent Investigations Group debuted April 25, 2012 with a segment centered on the coincidence website The Odds Must Be Crazy. Kaufman was replaced by John Rael on September 10, 2012. Rael is best known for his creation of skepticallypwnd, a group of comedic skeptics, or skeptical comedians, whose objective is to question pseudoscience in a humorous way.
+Heather Henderson was a contributor from November 2012 and April 2013 with a segment entitled The News in Religion. In it, Heather presents current events and opinions around the topics of atheism, deism and the effects of religion on the general population. Heather is currently the lead vocalist of Penn Jillette's NoGod Band in Las Vegas and along with Emery Emery publishes two podcasts, Ardent Atheist and Skeptically Yours.
+Robert Blaskiewicz and Eve Siebert joined Skepticality with their segment Skeptical Humanities in Episode 226 on February 18, 2014. The segment presents examples of mainstream research & critical thinking as it pertains to the humanities such as art, philosophy, history, literature, rhetoric, aesthetics, literary criticism, pop culture studies, folklore, and cultural studies.
+Susan Gerbic of Guerrilla Skepticism on Wikipedia (GSoW) has also made regular appearances on Skepticality, providing updates about the GSoW project since January 2013.
+
+
+== Recurrent guests ==
+The show has a number of guests who have been featured on more than one show. Amongst them are James Randi, Phil Plait, Pamela Gay and skeptical musician George Hrab.
+
+
+== Asteroids ==
+In an interview with Derek during the June 1, 2006 episode of Slacker Astronomy, the naming of Asteroids 106545 Colanduno and 106537 McCarthy was announced to the world. The asteroids were named in homage to the hosts of Skepticality by their discoverer Jeff Medkeff, who said, "My naming of these asteroids for you is a token of my esteem for you and your accomplishments."
+
+
+== Awards ==
+In 2007, Skepticality was recognized for excellence in podcasting with the Best Speculative Fiction News Podcast award at the Parsec Awards and Best Science Podcast award at the Podcast Peer Awards, selected by registered fellow podcasters. Both presentations were made at Dragon*Con 2007 in Atlanta, Georgia.
+On November 22, 2007, the Skepticality podcast was listed as "Site of the Week" on SciFi.com's Sci Fi Weekly.
+On August 9, 2008, Skepticality was named "Podcast of the Week" by The Times.
+In April 2014, Skepticality received the Ockham Award at QED for Best Podcast. The award was accepted on behalf of Derek and Swoopy by Susan Gerbic.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+
+Official website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StarDate-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StarDate-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+---
+title: "StarDate"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StarDate"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:34.610029+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+StarDate is a science radio program of The University of Texas at Austin McDonald Observatory, broadcast on over 300 radio stations. It is a daily guide to the night sky and breaking astronomical news. Typically heard without formal introduction, StarDate is a self-contained science news feature interwoven with routine radio programming. It is the longest-running science outreach program on U.S. radio.
+Created in 1978 by science journalist Deborah Byrd of the McDonald Observatory, the short (2-minute) format of StarDate sprang from Byrd's scripts written for a telephone hot line on astronomy, which had started a year earlier. The telephone scripts had attracted the notice of a producer at radio station KLBJ-FM in Austin, who had turned them into a radio show that was broadcast for a year under the name "Have You Seen the Stars Tonight?" — a reference to the song co-written by Paul Kantner of Jefferson Starship. With the support of Harlan James Smith, McDonald Observatory's director, and after securing funding from the National Science Foundation, Byrd changed the name to Star Date (invoking the term "stardate" used in the opening monologue of the 1960s television series Star Trek) and began the series' national distribution in 1979.
+The niche broadcasting position of StarDate has always been its quick but relaxed, diary-like delivery which allows it to be interspersed with regular programming.
+Byrd produced the show, and Joel Block hosted it, until 1991, when a change in management at McDonald led both to depart and start another syndicated radio series, Earth & Sky, which aired from 1991 to 2013 and was heard on about 1,000 radio stations.
+Beginning in 1991, StarDate was produced by Damond Benningfield and hosted by Sandy Wood, a San Antonio radio personality who was one of the first female disc jockeys in the southwestern United States. After Wood's retirement on July 16, 2019, the host position was assumed by Billy Henry, an Austin-based musician and educator.
+Stations that broadcast StarDate include affiliates and owned stations of CBS Radio and National Public Radio, totaling approximately 300 stations. The program is also available as a downloadable podcast. Universo, the Spanish language version of StarDate, aired from 1995 to 2010.
+StarDate Magazine was first known as McDonald Observatory News in 1972. It became a bimonthly magazine in 1988.
+
+
+== See also ==
+The Sky Above Us, a television show on astronomy
+The Sky at Night, the longest running television show in the world
+SkyWeek, a weekly television show on astronomy
+Star Gazers, a weekly television show on astronomy
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StarTalk_(podcast)-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StarTalk_(podcast)-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "StarTalk (podcast)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StarTalk_(podcast)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:35.950942+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+StarTalk is a podcast on science, comedy, and popular culture hosted by astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson and comedian Chuck Nice, with various other comic and celebrity co-hosts and frequent guests from the worlds of science and entertainment. Past co-hosts have included Colin Jost, Lynne Koplitz, Leighann Lord, Eugene Mirman, John Oliver, and Kristen Schaal. Guests have included astronaut Buzz Aldrin, actor Morgan Freeman, George Takei, comedian Joan Rivers, Arianna Huffington, YouTuber Sam Denby, Richard Dawkins and writer Mary Roach. StarTalk has a segment called Cosmic Queries, in which listeners send in questions about the universe to be answered on the show.
+In May 2014, Rolling Stone ranked StarTalk at number 13 on its list of "The 20 Best Comedy Podcasts Right Now".
+On February 29, 2016, it was announced that there would be a spinoff podcast, StarTalk All-Stars, whose rotating hosts will be former StarTalk guests. In addition, the regular StarTalk comedy co-hosts will appear.
+Starting on February 1, 2017, a second spinoff, Playing with Science, was launched to discuss the science of sports. It is hosted by Gary O'Reilly and frequent StarTalk co-host Chuck Nice.
+StarTalk is partially funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation.
+As a homage to Jack Horkheimer, an astronomer who hosted the weekly television show Star Gazers on PBS, Tyson frequently ends his podcast with Horkheimer's trademark sign-off "Keep looking up!".
+
+
+== Television series ==
+
+In January 2015, the Washington Post reported that a late-night talk show called Star Talk, hosted by Tyson, would air on the National Geographic Channel starting in April 2015. On July 29, 2015, it was announced that the show was renewed for a second season.
+As of February 4, 2016, audio recordings of all twenty TV episodes have subsequently aired as podcast episodes.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Science communication
+
+
+== References ==
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur_les_épaules_de_Darwin-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur_les_épaules_de_Darwin-0.md
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ chunk: 1/1
 source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur_les_épaules_de_Darwin"
 category: "reference"
 tags: "science, encyclopedia"
-date_saved: "2026-05-05T06:57:43.111881+00:00"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:37.262556+00:00"
 instance: "kb-cron"
 ---

--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknisk_Ukeblad-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknisk_Ukeblad-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+title: "Teknisk Ukeblad"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknisk_Ukeblad"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:40:41.472723+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Teknisk Ukeblad (TU, English: Technical Weekly Magazine) is a Norwegian engineering magazine. The magazine has its headquarters in Oslo, Norway.
+
+
+== History and profile ==
+TU has appeared weekly since 13 April 1883 and was published by Ingeniørforlaget, now Teknisk Ukeblad Media jointly owned by three national professional associations of engineers and architects: the Norwegian Society of Engineers and Technologists (NITO, founded 1936), Tekna (founded in 1874), and the Norwegian Polytechnic Society (PF, founded 1852).
+On 24 June 2010 TU had a total circulation of 302,000 weekly copies.
+Corresponding publications are Ny Teknik in Sweden, Ingeniøren in Denmark and Technisch Weekblad in the Netherlands.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+
+Teknisk Ukeblad, the magazine's website
+Teknisk Ukeblad, some older volumes digitized by Project Runeberg
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Girls-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Girls-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+---
+title: "Tesla Girls"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Girls"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:59.218886+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+"Tesla Girls" is a song by the English electronic band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD), released as the third single from their fifth studio album, Junk Culture (1984). It peaked at No. 21 in the UK and Ireland, and No. 33 on the Dutch Top 40. Although only moderately successful on the charts, it became one of the group's biggest club hits.
+"Tesla Girls" appeared in the John Hughes film Weird Science (1985).
+
+
+== Background ==
+The song title refers to the Serbian-American engineer, futurist, and inventor Nikola Tesla, and was suggested by the Canadian academic, designer and musician Martha Ladly, who had also suggested the title of their third studio album Architecture & Morality (1981). Tesla is known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system. "The references to electric chairs and dynamos is actually a reference to dynamos which was essential for the use of the alternating current and anything electrical basically," said Andy McCluskey in an online Q&A session in 1998.
+
+
+== Critical reception and legacy ==
+"Tesla Girls" met with a few detractors on release. Singer Kim Wilde – whose work had been influenced by OMD – called the song "inane and monotonous". On the other hand, Billboard categorised the single as "recommended", while observing "nervous electronics and obscure lyrics by one of the new wave's trendsetting bands". "Tesla Girls" was popular among WLIR listeners, who voted it "Screamer of the Week".
+In retrospective articles, critics have directed praise toward the track's "witty" and "clever" lyrics, as well as its scratch production; favourable comparisons have been made to American pop and rock duo Sparks. Ned Raggett of AllMusic commended the song's melody and "brilliant, hyperactive intro", identifying it as "the group's high point when it comes to sheer sprightly pop". Louder Than War's Paul Scott-Bates wrote that "Tesla Girls" is "as perfect as pop singles get", while critic Dave Thompson described it as "anthemic" and "a quintessential dance number". Electronic duo Komputer professed to "love" the track, adding that it "does a great mash-up with 'Hersham Boys' by Sham 69".
+"Tesla Girls" became one of OMD's biggest club hits, and appeared in KROQ and Slicing Up Eyeballs rankings of 1984's best tracks. It was placed at no. 152 in WLIR's 1988 list of the "Top 200 Songs of All-Time".
+
+
+== Versions ==
+Several versions of the song exist in recorded form, including two new versions coming to light on the deluxe re-issue of the Junk Culture album in 2015.
+
+original Junk Culture album version (1984) — 3:51
+7" edit (1984) — 3:26
+12" version (1984) — 4:25
+12" 'extra remix' (1984) — 3:37
+12" (US only) 'specially remixed version' (1984) 5:03 — also includes an instrumental version (4:43) and a 'video version' (3:26)
+compilation album version — 3:34 (used on compilation albums such as The Best of OMD and The OMD Singles)
+'extended mix' — 4:44, as featured on the So80s OMD remix compilation album (2011)
+Junk Culture Deluxe re-issue version (2015) — 3:36 (replacing the original album track)
+Highland Studios Demo (1983) — 4:01, bonus track featured on Junk Culture deluxe re-issue (2015)
+An early live version from 1983 also exists in bootleg form.
+
+
+== B-sides ==
+The 7" release features a live version of the Dazzle Ships track and single "Telegraph" recorded in 1983 at the Hammersmith Odeon, London. The intro to another Dazzle Ships track, "Radio Waves", can be heard in the fade-out.
+The 12" and cassette releases feature a new song, "Garden City", which remained exclusive to this release until it was featured on the B-sides compilation album Navigation: The OMD B-Sides (2001).
+
+
+== Track listing ==
+7" and 7" picture disc
+
+"Tesla Girls" – 3:26
+"Telegraph" (live) – 3:57
+First 12"
+
+"Tesla Girls" (extended version) – 4:35
+"Garden City" – 4:05
+"Telegraph" (live) – 3:57
+Second 12" and cassette
+
+"Tesla Girls" (Extra Remix) – 3:37
+"Garden City" – 4:05
+"Telegraph" (live) – 3:57
+"Tesla Girls" (extended version) – 4:35
+US 12" (A&M Records – SP-12120)
+
+Tesla Girls (Specially Remixed Version) – 5:03
+Tesla Girls (Instrumental Version) – 4:43
+Tesla Girls (Video Version) – 3:26
+
+
+== Charts ==
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+"Tesla Girls" at Discogs (list of releases)
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Elements_(song)-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Elements_(song)-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+title: "The Elements (song)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Elements_(song)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:43.169047+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+"The Elements" is a 1959 song with lyrics by musical humorist, mathematician and lecturer Tom Lehrer, which recites the names of all the chemical elements known at the time of writing, up to number 102, nobelium. Lehrer arranged the music of the song from the tune of the "Major-General's Song" from The Pirates of Penzance by Gilbert and Sullivan. The song can be found on Lehrer's albums Tom Lehrer in Concert, More of Tom Lehrer and An Evening Wasted with Tom Lehrer. 
+The song is also included in the musical revue Tom Foolery, along with many of Lehrer's other songs.
+
+
+== Description of the song ==
+The ordering of elements in the lyrics fits the meter of the song, and includes much alliteration, and thus has little or no relation to the ordering in the periodic table. This can be seen for example in the opening and closing lines:
+
+Lehrer had been a mathematics student and lecturer at Harvard; in the closing lines of the song, he pronounced "Harvard" and "discovered" in a parody of the non-rhotic Boston accent to make the two words rhyme, even though he did not normally speak with that accent. He accompanied himself on the piano while singing the song.
+
+
+== Background ==
+The music of "The Elements" is arranged from the tune of the "Major-General's Song" from The Pirates of Penzance by Gilbert and Sullivan. Lehrer also drew inspiration from the song "Tschaikowsky (and Other Russians)", written by Ira Gershwin, which listed fifty Russian composers in a similar manner.
+"The Elements" differs musically from the "Major-General's Song" in that:
+
+It omits the third verse of the original as well as all of the choral "responses", and it adds an extra two lines at the end of the last verse.
+Lehrer simplifies the melody by primarily singing each phrase on a single note, instead of rapidly moving back and forth between two different notes as in Sullivan's original melody.
+It is in the key of C, while the "Major-General's Song" is in E-flat.
+On some of the live recordings, Lehrer pauses in the middle for spoken interludes, in which he talks to the audience (e.g., "I hope you're all taking notes, because there's going to be a short quiz next period!") while vamping on the piano.
+The song ends with a piano coda: "Shave and a Haircut".
+In some live performances, after the song was finished, Lehrer joked that an earlier version, from Aristotle's time, lists only the classical elements:  Earth, Air, Fire and Water, explaining that "life was much simpler in those days".
+
+
+== In popular culture ==
+"The Elements" has been featured in popular culture many times. In the episode "Ex-File" of NCIS, Timothy McGee and Abby Sciuto hum the song, which forms a key clue in their case. In The Big Bang Theory episode "The Pants Alternative" (2010), a drunk Sheldon Cooper starts to sing the song during his acceptance of an award from his university. In the 2006 episode of Gilmore Girls called "The Real Paul Anka", Luke Danes's daughter April and her classmates sing the song on the bus.  Daniel Radcliffe sang "The Elements" on The Graham Norton Show in 2010. David Costabile, as Gale Boetticher, sang along to the song in "Something Beautiful", a 2018 episode of Better Call Saul.
+Cover recordings include Jesse Dangerously on his 2004 album How to Express Your Dissenting Political Viewpoint Through Origami, where the song is titled "Tom Lehrer's The Elements".
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== Further reading ==
+Too Many Songs by Tom Lehrer, 1981, has sheet music for many of Lehrer's songs, including The Elements.
+
+
+== External links ==
+ The full text of The Elements at Wikisource, including audio and updated lyrics for the elements through 118, written by Tom Lehrer.
+Tom Lehrer's "The Elements" performed by Lehrer. Community Audio
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Forum_(radio_programme)-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Forum_(radio_programme)-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---
+title: "The Forum (radio programme)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Forum_(radio_programme)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:13.206529+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Forum, the BBC World Service's flagship discussion programme, brings together prominent thinkers from different disciplines and different parts of the world with the aim of creating stimulating discussion informed by highly distinct academic, artistic, and cultural perspectives. The World Service broadcasts the programme on Saturdays at 2106 GMT and repeats it on Sundays at 0906 GMT and on Mondays at 0206 GMT.  BBC Radio 4 also broadcasts an edited 30-minute version of the programme.
+
+
+== Format ==
+Each episode of The Forum brings together three thinkers, leading figures from different academic and artistic disciplines. A typical line-up might include a scientist, a writer or other artist, and a philosopher or cultural thinker.
+Each guest is questioned by the presenter about their latest big idea, a topic area that is of particular interest to them and in which they are a particular expert. During the course of each section the other guests are invited to contribute with criticisms, insights and support of their own.
+
+
+=== Sixty Second Idea ===
+Each week one of the guests is invited to present an idea in sixty seconds that they believe will make the world a better place. These ideas are not always practicable, but they are frequently entertaining and insightful. The 60 Second Idea and the discussion it produces is released as a podcast.
+
+
+== History ==
+The first episode of the show was broadcast on the BBC World Service on 6 April 2008. It has been broadcast every week since then.
+The Forum was founded by Emily Kasriel, who was the program's Executive Producer for the show's first four years and occasionally presented it, as well as painting illustrations for The Forum's website.
+
+
+== Presenters ==
+The programme's presenter, who has been part of the show since its inception, is former BBC diplomatic correspondent Bridget Kendall.
+
+
+=== Guest presenters ===
+Zeinab Badawi
+Martin Rees
+Rana Mitter
+Tim Marlow
+Angie Hobbs
+Marcus du Sautoy
+Ritula Shah
+
+
+== Distribution ==
+The Forum is broadcast through the BBC World Service and its international broadcasting partners. The show is also available online, to download and as a podcast. All previous shows are archived online.
+
+
+== Previous guests ==
+Previous guests include:
+
+Nobel Prize–winning biologist John Sulston
+Political scientist Joseph Nye
+Former Afghan finance minister Ashraf Ghani
+British astrophysicist Lord Martin Rees
+Nigerian novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
+Canadian writer Naomi Klein
+Egyptian writer Alaa Al Aswany
+Ghanaian philosopher Kwame Anthony Appiah
+Argentinian architect Cesar Pelli
+US psychologist Steven Pinker
+South African judge Albie Sachs
+Polish Canadian writer Eva Hoffman
+British philosopher John Gray
+Mathematician Marcus du Sautoy
+
+
+== Notes and references ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+
+The Forum at BBC Online 
+The Forum on Facebook
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Future's_So_Bright,_I_Gotta_Wear_Shades-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Future's_So_Bright,_I_Gotta_Wear_Shades-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+---
+title: "The Future's So Bright, I Gotta Wear Shades"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Future's_So_Bright,_I_Gotta_Wear_Shades"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:45.673881+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+"The Future's So Bright, I Gotta Wear Shades" is a song by Timbuk 3. It is the opening track from their debut album, Greetings from Timbuk3. Released as the album's first single in 1986, it was the band's only significant mainstream hit.
+
+
+== Background ==
+The inspiration for the song, and the title specifically, came when Barbara MacDonald said to her husband singer/songwriter Pat MacDonald, "The future is looking so bright, we'll have to wear sunglasses!" But, while Barbara had made the comment in earnest – it was the early '80s, the two had met and married and were starting a family, their first EP was coming, their book was filling up with gigs – Pat heard the comment as an ironic quip and wrote down instead, "The future's so bright, I gotta wear shades."
+From there, the lyrics to the song were born, but not the song as it ended up in the minds of popular culture. While Pat wrote a song of a young nuclear scientist and his rich future, listening audiences heard a graduation theme song.
+Pat revealed on VH1's 100 Greatest One-Hit Wonders of the 80s that the meaning of the song was widely misinterpreted as a positive perspective in regard to the near future. Pat somewhat clarified the meaning by stating that it was, contrary to popular belief, a "grim" outlook. While not saying so directly, he hinted at the idea that the bright future was in fact due to impending nuclear holocaust. The "job waiting" after graduation signified the demand for nuclear scientists to facilitate such events. Pat drew upon the multitude of past predictions which transcend several cultures that foreshadow the world ending in the 1980s, along with the nuclear tension at the height of the Cold War to compile the song.
+Two verses were written more explicitly portraying the ironic intent of the song. One went:
+
+The other referred to a supporter of Ronald Reagan as "a flaming fascist". However, they were omitted from the final recording because MacDonald felt they were too heavy-handed and obvious.
+
+
+== Chart performance ==
+The song was the group's only major hit, reaching No. 19 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 14 on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart. Additionally, the song reached No. 21 on the UK Singles Chart.
+
+
+== Rejection of commercial licensing ==
+The former members of Timbuk 3 have refused to license the song for commercials, including a $900,000 offer from AT&T and offers from Ford, the U.S. Army, and Bausch & Lomb for their Ray-Ban sunglasses.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+The Future's So Bright, I Gotta Wear Shades at AllMusic
+Lyrics
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jodcast-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jodcast-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+---
+title: "The Jodcast"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jodcast"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:21.479190+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Jodcast is a monthly podcast created by astronomers at Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics (JBCA), University of Manchester in Manchester, England. It debuted in January 2006, aiming to inspire and inform the public about astronomy and related sciences, to excite young people with the latest astronomy research results, to motivate students to pursue careers in science, and to dispel stereotypes of scientists as incomprehensible and unapproachable.
+The Jodcast provides insight into up-to-date astronomical and astrophysical research via regular interviews with researchers from institutions worldwide, as well as with its own staff at the University of Manchester. Episodes also feature interviews with JBCA PhD students during Jodbites to promote early-career researchers and to offer a unique perspective to life in academia. The Jodcast team also regularly interacts with listeners and answers questions related to astronomy and astrophysics during its monthly Ask an Astronomer segments. The ever-popular Night Sky segment has not returned in 2024, following the passing of Prof Ian Morison.
+The Jodcast was co-founded by previous Manchester students Stuart Lowe, Nick Rattenbury and David Ault in 2006. Current and previous episodes of the Jodcast may be downloaded via its own website and RSS feeds, and from iTunes. The Jodcast is also regularly collated and integrated into various Internet-based astronomy radio shows.
+
+
+== Format ==
+
+The original format of the Jodcast saw two episodes  released every month: one regular episode towards the beginning of the month, and one Extra Episode released halfway through the month. These two episodes would have different formats and included regular features such as: interviews with prominent forefront researchers in astronomy and astrophysics; monthly overviews of sights in the night sky for amateur astronomers in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres; and Ask an Astronomer, where listener questions were answered by staff at Jodrell Bank Observatory (JBO). Following a 3 year hiatus, the Jodcast returned as a monthly release with News, Ask an Astronomer and Jodbite segments incorporated into the episodes. 
+
+
+=== Regular Episodes ===
+Each Jodcast episode features three presenters who introduce upcoming show segments, discuss listener feedback and provide commentary on topics mentioned on each episode. An Odd and End segment is also provided by the episode's presenters, where current topical news articles and research papers (often of a humorous nature) are discussed.
+The Jodcast News is the first segment featured during each regular episode. It compiles current astronomy-related affairs and research gathered from existing media, such as print journals, web press releases and news sites into a short (<10 minutes) segment.
+Each episode of the Jodcast features an extended interview with a visitor to JBCA/JBO. Visitors are usually academics who discuss their current research topics related to astronomy, space science or astrophysics. As visitors are often at JBCA/JBO to present research, collaborate with colleagues, or attend conferences or events such as BBC Stargazing Live, Jodcast interviews cover the most current and exciting topics in astronomy including: gravitational waves, pulsar astronomy, black holes, exoplanets, and the hunt for extraterrestrial life. The Jodcast routinely features interviews with extremely prominent figures.
+The Night Sky section (no longer included since the 2024 comeback) used to be a monthly segment for amateur astronomers focusing on the objects which may be seen in the Northern hemisphere night sky with the unaided eye, or affordable equipment each month. Written and narrated by the former president of the Society for Popular Astronomy, Ian Morison since its inception it was a permanent feature of the original Jodcast episodes. Following requests from listeners, the Jodcast also began a Southern hemisphere night sky section, which was written and produced by astronomers at Space Place at Carter Observatory in Wellington, New Zealand.
+
+
+=== Extra Episodes ===
+During mid-month Extra Episodes the Jodcast used to replace its News and Night Sky segments with Ask an Astronomer and Jodbite segments, these are now semi-permanent features in the monthly episodes.
+The Ask an Astronomer segment of the Jodcast presents questions provided by listeners and answered by various JBCA/JBO astronomers. Questions are collected via the Jodcast website's feedback page through letters and postcards, and from the Jodcast's various social media outlets. Questions are then carefully collated and researched, before being answered on the show. Frequently questions regard items previously featured on the show, and current affairs from the wider world of science.
+Jodbite segments follow the same format as regular episode's interviews, except for their shorter duration and focus on the work of current JBCA/JBO staff and researchers.
+
+
+=== Special Episodes ===
+In accordance with its aim to educate a worldwide audience on current important astronomy-related affairs, the Jodcast often creates special episodes dedicated to astronomy-related conferences such as the UK Royal Astronomical Society National Astronomy Meeting, and International Astronomical Union General Assemblies, complete with interviews and material obtained live on-site. Other special episodes include: live episode with studio audiences in 2009 and 2016; and various video episodes featuring on-site tours of telescopes such as e-MERLIN and LOFAR.
+
+
+== Notable interviews ==
+Interviews with astronomers external to Manchester University are a regular feature on the Jodcast, and cover a diverse range of astronomical and astrophysical topics. Prominent figures in astronomy and astrophysics have often appeared as guests on the Jodcast including: Sir Bernard Lovell, a key figure in the establishment of Jodrell Bank Observatory; discoverer of pulsars, Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell; and astronaut, Buzz Aldrin. A list of notable Jodcast interviews is provided below.
+
+
+== Funding ==
+The Jodcast has been funded by the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council, the British Institute of Physics, and the Science and Technology Facilities Council.
+
+
+== Related Podcasts ==
+The Jodcast team has previously contributed to notable podcasts such as 365 Days of Astronomy and BBC Radio 5 Live's Outriders.  Team members are regular contributors to BBC Radio 5 Live's Up All Night with Rhod Sharp.  It collates and maintains a list of radio shows and podcasts on topics related to the fields of astronomy, astrophysics and space science for educational purposes.
+
+
+== See also ==
+
+Astronomy Cast
+Planetary Radio
+Universe Today
+NASAcast
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Life_Scientific-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Life_Scientific-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+title: "The Life Scientific"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Life_Scientific"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:22.250246+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Life Scientific is a BBC Radio 4 science programme, presented by Jim Al-Khalili, in which each episode is dedicated to the biography and work of a living scientist.
+The programme consists of an interview between Al-Khalili and the featured scientist, with others contributing anecdotes.
+It is broadcast on Tuesday mornings in the UK, and is available online and via BBC Sounds, as is an archive of past episodes. In October 2021 the programme reached its 10-year anniversary with discussion between  Ottoline Leyser, Paul Nurse, Christopher Jackson and Sue Black on the topic of 'What makes a scientist?'.
+
+
+== Episodes ==
+Guests have included:
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+The Life Scientific at BBC Online
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Naked_Scientists-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Naked_Scientists-0.md
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ chunk: 1/1
 source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Naked_Scientists"
 category: "reference"
 tags: "science, encyclopedia"
-date_saved: "2026-05-05T06:56:41.518039+00:00"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:25.956407+00:00"
 instance: "kb-cron"
 ---

--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rest_Is_Science-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rest_Is_Science-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+---
+title: "The Rest Is Science"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rest_Is_Science"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:56.647358+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Rest Is Science (TRIS) is a YouTube channel and podcast hosted by internet personalities Hannah Fry and Michael Stevens. Produced by the British podcast production company Goalhanger, its first episode premiered on 25 November 2025.
+
+
+== Background and release ==
+
+The Rest Is Science was launched by the podcast production company Goalhanger, which previously created history-, politics-, and entertainment-centered podcasts under The Rest Is branding. Following their previous podcasts' approach of casting high-profile hosts, Goalhanger pegged Hannah Fry and Michael Stevens as the hosts of the podcast. Both known for their science communication online, Fry is a British mathematician and professor of the Public Understanding of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge; meanwhile, Stevens is an American educator and YouTuber, best known for creating Vsauce. 
+Goalhanger announced The Rest Is Science on November 18, 2025, with the first episode released a week later on November 25. The first episode covered topics centered around water, such as whether it is actually wet, how its minerals shape its taste, and the planet's supply of drinkable water, among others. TRIS marked the first time Goalhanger focused on a video-first approach for a podcast, though it is released as both an audio and video podcast, with the former version on several platforms and the latter being hosted on YouTube. Short-form clips from the podcast are uploaded on YouTube Shorts and TikTok.
+The podcast is released on a twice-weekly schedule, with new episodes each Tuesday and Thursday. Tuesday episodes cover a single topic, with a deep dive into the science and history of it; Thursday episodes, dubbed "Field Notes" feature a "curious object begin a journey through the ideas it represents". The first Field Notes episode featured Steven showing Fry the Arecibo interstellar radio message. The podcast also releases monthly episodes in partnership with Cancer Research UK, with Fry and Stevens covering various insights about cancer. For example, in the April 2026 Cancer Research UK-branded episode Fry and Stevens discussed the rapid evolution of cancer.
+TRIS won the Webby Award for Best New Podcast (Entertainment & Culture, Features) in 2026.
+
+
+== Reception ==
+Miranda Sawyer, writing for The Observer, positively reviewed the podcast's first episode. She stated that the podcast is "lighter in tone" than its Rest Is stablemates, "though just as informative". Opining on the chemistry between Fry and Stevens, Sawyer wrote that the two are "immensely likeable and spark nicely". 
+Patricia Nicol of The Times was more critical of the podcast. She wrote that while "there was certainly charm and cleverness, and a smattering of intriguing facts, such as how bone can be analysed to discover 'a geological postcode of where someone has consumed water'", the podcast's launch episodes felt a "little too much like eavesdropping on a couple of nervous first-year Stem students showing off to one another in the union bar". Nicol further criticised the podcast's video-first approach, writing "shouldn't there be more to see than two people in armchairs, a couple of plants and some rudimentary animation? This feels like the right subject and pairing to engage younger audiences, but not yet the right format".
+
+
+== References ==
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scientist_(song)-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scientist_(song)-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "The Scientist (song)"
+chunk: 1/2
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scientist_(song)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:56.774836+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+"The Scientist" is a song by British  rock band Coldplay. The song is credited to all the band members on their second album, A Rush of Blood to the Head. It is built around a piano ballad, with lyrics telling the story about a man's desire to love and an apology. The song was released in the United Kingdom on 11 November 2002 as the second single from A Rush of Blood to the Head and reached number 10 in the UK Charts. It was released in the United States on 15 April 2003 as the third single and reached number 18 on the US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart and number 34 on the Adult Top 40 chart.
+Critics were highly positive toward "The Scientist" and praised the song's piano riff and Chris Martin's falsetto. Several remixes of the track exist, and its riff has been widely sampled. The single's music video won three MTV Video Music Awards, for the video's use of reverse narrative. The song was also featured on the band's 2003 live album Live 2003 and has been a permanent fixture in the band's live set lists since 2002.
+
+== Background ==
+Lead singer Chris Martin wrote "The Scientist" after listening to George Harrison's All Things Must Pass. In an interview with Rolling Stone, Martin revealed that while working on the band's second album, A Rush of Blood to the Head, he knew that the album was missing something. One night, during a stay in Liverpool, Martin found an old piano that was out of tune. He wanted to work on Harrison's song, "Isn't It a Pity", but he could not manage to do so. When the song came to Martin, he asked that the recorder be turned on. He concluded by saying that he came across this chord sequence and noted that the chord was "lovely". Martin recorded the vocals and piano takes in a studio in Liverpool.
+When asked about the development of the song, during a track-by-track reveal, Martin said: "That's just about girls. It's weird that whatever else is on your mind, whether it's the downfall of global economics or terrible environmental troubles, the thing that always gets you most is when you fancy someone." The liner notes from A Rush of Blood to the Head, on the other hand, state that "The Scientist is Dan", a reference to Dan Keeling, the A&R man who signed the band to Parlophone.
+
+== Composition ==
+
+"The Scientist" is a melancholic, piano-driven ballad written in the key of F major, with a chord progression of Dm7, B♭, F, Fsus2. The lyrics to the song allude to a man's powerlessness in the face of love. It begins with the main four-chord piano melody created by lead singer Chris Martin, then joined by the first verses. He is then accompanied by the rest of the band after the first chorus. In addition to the main piano melody, the music of the song is created by a string arrangement, harmony, acoustic guitar, with its rhythm being slow tempo drums and bass guitar riffs. After the second chorus, Jonny Buckland plays an electric guitar riff.
+
+== Release ==
+
+Coldplay released "The Scientist" in the United Kingdom on 11 November 2002 as the album's second single. The single was pressed with two B-sides: "1.36" and "I Ran Away." While preparing for the song as the album's second release, the band's US label felt the song failed to "provide enough of a blood rush for American listeners"; instead, they released "Clocks" as the second single in the US. The song was released on 15 April 2003 in the US.
+"The Scientist" was released as a CD single in New Zealand on 9 December 2002, while in Australia, the song was not released until 27 October 2003. The song appeared on Australian Singles Chart at number 40 on 1 November 2003. It appeared on Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks at number 18. The song peaked at number sixteen at Canada Singles Chart. The song peaked at number 10 in UK Top 75 on 17 November 2002.
+The single's cover image was created by Norwegian photographer Sølve Sundsbø. Sundsbø originally created the image that would later be used as the cover art of A Rush of Blood to the Head for the fashion magazine Dazed and Confused, in the late 1990s. As with the album's other singles, "The Scientist"'s cover art features a black and white 3D scan of one of the band members, in this case drummer Will Champion.
+
+== Other versions ==
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scientist_(song)-1.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scientist_(song)-1.md
@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+---
+title: "The Scientist (song)"
+chunk: 2/2
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scientist_(song)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:56.774836+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+"The Scientist" has been featured on two of Coldplay's live albums, Live 2003 (2003) and Live in Buenos Aires (2018). The song was covered live by Aimee Mann and released on a special edition of her album Lost in Space. Natasha Bedingfield and Avril Lavigne covered the song on Jo Whiley's Live Lounge radio show. Also, Belinda Carlisle did a live rendition on the ITV1 reality show Hit Me Baby One More Time. The British female quartet All Angels did a choral arrangement of the song on their second album Into Paradise, which was released in 2007. In addition, the American television show MADtv did a parody of the video, called "The Narcissist." Coldplay's original version plus a cover of the track performed by Johnette Napolitano and Danny Lohner were featured in the 2004 film Wicker Park. Allison Iraheta and Kris Allen performed an acoustic duet of the song at Oprah Winfrey's "No Phone Zone" rally in Los Angeles.
+In 2011, Willie Nelson covered the song for a Chipotle Mexican Grill short film titled Back to the Start, highlighting the problems of concentrated animal feeding operations. It also appears as the final track on his 2012 album Heroes. Nelson's version plays during the closing credits of the 2014 film The Judge. The song was used on 23 May 2011 episode of WWE Raw in a tribute video to wrestler "Macho Man" Randy Savage who had died three days earlier. The song was performed in the Glee episode "The Break Up" on 4 October 2012 by Cory Monteith, Darren Criss, Naya Rivera, Matthew Morrison, Lea Michele, Chris Colfer, Heather Morris and Jayma Mays. In 2014, Miley Cyrus covered the song at selected stops of her Bangerz Tour. Corinne Bailey Rae covered "The Scientist" for the soundtrack to the 2017 film Fifty Shades Darker. The bluegrass group The Petersens covered the song in 2020. In 2021 Zucchero Fornaciari covered the song for his first cover album Discover. Rachel Chinouriri covered the song in 2024 for the Spotify Singles series.
+
+== Music video ==
+The music video for "The Scientist" was notable for its distinctive reverse narrative, which employed reverse motion. The same concept had been previously used for Spike Jonze's 1995 music video for The Pharcyde's "Drop". The reverse-motion style had first been seen in 1989 for the video for the song "The Second Summer of Love" by Scottish band Danny Wilson. In order for Martin to appear to be singing the lyrics in the reversed footage, he had to learn to sing the song backward, which took him a month. The video was filmed at various locations, including London and at Bourne Woods in Surrey, before the first leg of the A Rush of Blood to the Head tour. It was directed by Jamie Thraves. The video was shot between 30 September and 3 October 2002, premiering on 14 October.
+
+The video opens on Martin lying on a mattress before a public building covered in thick graffiti. Martin is shown, in reverse motion, wandering through a variety of locations such as through a pick-up basketball game, a high street and train tracks before falling on the mattress. After the second chorus, Martin is shown getting out of his right hand drive BMW 5 Series automobile with a Wyoming license plate in the woods and an unconscious woman (played by Irish actress Elaine Cassidy) is shown, and it is revealed that Martin and the woman were involved in a car accident; the passenger went flying through the windshield because she was not wearing her seatbelt.
+In 2003, "The Scientist" won multiple MTV Video Music Awards for Best Group Video, Best Direction, and Breakthrough Video. It was also nominated at the 2004 Grammy Awards for Best Short Form Music Video but lost to Johnny Cash's video for "Hurt".
+On the 20th anniversary of A Rush of Blood to the Head, the band released a new version of the video in 4K resolution, which was restored and re-graded from the original 35 mm film.
+
+== Critical reception ==
+
+=== Reviews ===
+"The Scientist" received widespread critical acclaim. Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone Magazine, in his review of the album, wrote: "The fantastic piano ballad 'The Scientist' ... [has] a cataclysmic falsetto finale that could raise every hair on the back of your neck". Nick Southall of Stylus magazine wrote: "The piano that chimes through 'The Scientist' is captured perfectly, the warm depression of each individual key caught rather than a shrill ringing as is so often the case". Ian Watson of NME wrote: "'The Scientist' is a song inexorably linked with the endless night sky and the secret hopes and regrets of a hundred thousand strangers". In October 2011, NME placed it at number 37 on its list "150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years". In 2009, Rolling Stone ranked it number 54 on its "100 Best Songs of the Decade" list. In 2018, the same magazine placed the track at number 50 on their "100 Greatest Songs of the Century" list. In 2019, Billboard ranked the song number five on their list of the 50 greatest Coldplay songs, and in 2021, American Songwriter ranked the song number six on their list of the 10 greatest Coldplay songs.
+
+=== Rankings ===
+
+== Track listing ==
+
+"1.36" features Tim Wheeler of Ash on guitar.
+
+== Personnel ==
+Coldplay
+
+Chris Martin – lead vocals, piano, string arrangements
+Jonny Buckland – electric guitar, acoustic guitar, string arrangements
+Guy Berryman – bass guitar, string arrangements
+Will Champion – drums, percussion, backing vocals, string arrangements
+Additional personnel
+
+Audrey Riley – string arrangement, string performer
+Ann Lines – string performer
+Chris Tombling – string performer
+Dan Green – string performer
+Laura Melhewish – string performer
+Leo Payne – string performer
+Peter Lale – string performer
+Richard George – string performer
+Susan Dench – string performer
+
+== Charts ==
+
+== Certifications ==
+
+== See also ==
+List of best-selling singles in the United Kingdom
+List of UK top-ten singles in 2002
+List of top 10 singles in 2024 (Ireland)
+
+== Notes ==
+
+== References ==
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
+The Scientist on YouTube
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Podcast_Will_Kill_You-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Podcast_Will_Kill_You-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+title: "This Podcast Will Kill You"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Podcast_Will_Kill_You"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:41:57.917256+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+This Podcast Will Kill You is an American podcast hosted by disease ecologists and epidemiologists Erin Welsh and Erin Allmann Updyke. Its first full-length episode was released on October 31, 2017. New episodes were released weekly until the second season, when they were released every two weeks. Each week a different disease is covered, the majority of which are infectious diseases with some exceptions, such as scurvy in episode 19.
+"This Podcast Will Kill You" is part of the Exactly Right Podcast Network, created by the hosts of "My Favorite Murder."
+
+
+== Structure of Episodes ==
+Each episode is about an hour in duration and generally starts with a firsthand account of someone affected by the disease. After that, the hosts create a mixed drink that is connected to the disease, called a 'Quarantini', in a segment known as 'Quarantini time'. After this introduction, the biology of the disease is explained, then history, epidemiology, and finally, the disease's effect on the modern world. Generally, Welsh tells the history of the disease and Updyke explains the biology epidemiology. Finally, the hosts cite the sources used to present the information, and supply a link to their website where the sources can be found.
+
+
+== History ==
+Erin Allmann Updyke, co-host, has an M.S. in epidemiology from the University of Hawaii and a Ph.D. in entomology and an M.D. from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Erin Welsh, co-host, has an M.S. in epidemiology from the University of Louisville and a Ph.D. in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. "The Erins," as they've coined themselves, started "This Podcast Will Kill You" because they felt that the medical knowledge that they have gained from their education rarely transfers out of the academia world. They wanted to make medical knowledge more accessible and easier to understand to the general public, without diluting it. Their first episode aired on October 31, 2017. In 2018, prior to launching Season 2, "This Podcast Will Kill You" joined The Exactly Right Network. In doing so, their downloads rose four times. The show was nominated for a 2019 Webby Award in the Science and Education Podcasts category. In 2020, they started a special series of episodes focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2023, Season 6 featured a miniseries of bonus episodes focussing on popular science books, "TPWKY book club".
+
+
+== List of Episodes ==
+
+
+=== Season 1 ===
+
+
+=== Season 2 ===
+
+
+=== Season 3 ===
+
+
+=== Season 4 ===
+
+
+=== Season 5 ===
+In Season 5, a few of the regular podcast episodes were followed by a special episode often going deeper into detail on what was covered in the previous episode.
+
+
+=== Season 6 ===
+
+
+=== Season 7 ===
+
+
+=== Season 8 ===
+
+
+=== COVID-19 Series ===
+To discuss the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the podcast introduced "The Anatomy of a Pandemic" series in which each episode tackles a particular aspect of COVID-19. This mini-series not only addresses the virus itself, but also addresses how it can impact mental health and cause societal disarray. The series reached its tentative end with Chapter 19.
+
+
+=== TPWKY Book club series ===
+From Season 6 onwards, in between the regular episodes, several bonus episodes were released within a miniseries called the TPWKY Book club. These episodes feature interviews with authors of popular science books, covering topics ranging from why sweat matters to the history of food safety, from the menstrual cycle to the persistence of race science.
+
+
+== See also ==
+List of history podcasts
+
+
+== References ==
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tia_Sáng_(1991_magazine)-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tia_Sáng_(1991_magazine)-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+title: "Tia Sáng (1991 magazine)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tia_Sáng_(1991_magazine)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:40:43.555769+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Tia Sáng (English: 'The Spark'/'Light ray') is a Vietnamese science and technology magazine created in 1991 under the Ministry of Science and Technology. It is considered a platform for intellectuals to raise their voice about policymaking decisions in Vietnam.
+
+
+== History ==
+Tia Sáng was founded in April 1991. Among Tia Sáng’s first contributors are Hoàng Tụy, the founder of Vietnamese mathematics; Phan Dinh Dieu who helped to build the ICT field in Vietnam; Viet Phuong, a poet, former secretary of Lê Duẩn; Lê Đạt, one of the pioneers in Nhan Van – Giai Pham movement, writer Nguyen Ngoc.
+Many articles published in Tia Sáng were featured and discussed on BBC (Vietnamese version) such as Hoang Tuy’s article about the intellectuals’ attitude toward the social issues in Vietnam or the opinion piece of Tuong Lai, former director of Institute of Sociology about what communist party’s mission should be. Tia Sáng’s website was forced offline in 2009 by the government for several months because of its ‘sensitive’ articles. Some contributors of Tia Sáng were or are prisoners of conscience such as Phạm Đoan Trang, Lê Công Định.
+Since the late 2000s, Tia Sáng has been less critical towards the government and took the solution journalism approach. It still maintains its position as a bridge between the science community and the mass. Its notable and frequent contributor nowadays is Pierre Darriulat, former research director of CERN.
+It merged with the Development Science Newspaper (báo Khoa học Phát triển) in 2017.
+Tia Sáng's advocacy of integrity and transparency in science resulted in the establishment of The National Foundation for Science and Technology of Vietnam (NAFOSTED). NAFOSTED is a science funding mechanism in Vietnam that gives scientists more freedom in doing research but demands higher quality in their scientific output. Tia Sáng also co-founded the Ta Quang Buu Prize that tribute scientists in basic science. Tia Sáng also initiates annually STEM Day to promote science communication and public outreach of the science community in Vietnam.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timber_Wars-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timber_Wars-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+---
+title: "Timber Wars"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timber_Wars"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:00.433672+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Timber Wars is a seven-part podcast hosted by Aaron Scott and produced by Oregon Public Broadcasting.
+
+
+== Background ==
+The show was produced by Oregon Public Broadcasting. The show discusses the conservation movement that took place in the Pacific Northwest in the 1990s. The show discusses the complicated conflict between environmentalists and loggers that occurred during the period known as the timber wars. The show discusses the history of logging and how forests were viewed as potential tree farms. Foresters and dendrologists wanted to study and preserve old-growth forests, but were viewed negatively until the 1990s when large environmental protests began. At the same time, wildlife conservation for animals like the northern spotted owl became an issue. The show discusses a twenty-five year period of forestry and forest management. Aaron Scott is the host of the show—he grew up in Steamboat, Oregon not too far away from where the events of the show took place.
+
+
+== Episodes ==
+
+
+=== Introductory episode ===
+
+
+=== Season 1 ===
+
+
+== Reception ==
+Nicholas Kristof of The New York Times commented on the show saying that "Listeners are left with both an appreciation of the magnificence of old growth forests and the toll paid by logging communities when those forests were protected. Environmentalists and loggers don't agree on much, but I think they will concur that 'Timber Wars' is fair and brilliant journalism."
+
+
+=== Awards ===
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
+Timber Wars Newsletter
+Timber Wars on NPR
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titans_of_Nuclear-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titans_of_Nuclear-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "Titans of Nuclear"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titans_of_Nuclear"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:01.683228+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Titans of Nuclear is an interview podcast developed by the Energy Impact Center. Each episode features interviews led by Bret Kugelmass. Other hosts include Jadwiga Najder, Olubunmi Olajide, and Naomi Senehi. Guests generally include nuclear energy experts who come from various political, scientific, and business backgrounds. The one-on-one discussions typically revolve around nuclear energy and related topics including political policy, climate change, and nuclear medicine.
+
+
+== History ==
+Titans of Nuclear was conceived by Bret Kugelmass, founder of the Energy Impact Center in Washington, D.C., in 2017. That year, he began recording interviews with a variety of nuclear energy experts. The first episode of the podcast was made available online on January 8, 2018 and featured Michael Shellenberger as the guest. Other early guests in 2018 included eventual Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Energy and head of the Office of Nuclear Energy, Rita Baranwal, and individuals associated with both the Idaho National Laboratory and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
+In 2019, the podcast featured interviews with national politicians, including House Representative for Massachusetts Seth Moulton and Idaho Senator Mike Crapo. Other episodes that year featured discussions with members of the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission.  Kugelmass would later begin sharing hosting duties with Jadwiga Najder, Olubunmi Olajide, and Naomi Senehi.
+In December 2020, Titans of Nuclear conducted a miniseries of interviews with individuals from the United States Department of Energy's Gateway for Accelerated Innovation in Nuclear (GAIN) program. As of September 2021, the podcast has released 331 episodes.
+
+
+== Format ==
+Episodes generally consist of one-on-one interviews conducted by Bret Kugelmass, Jadwiga Najder, Olubunmi Olajide, or Naomi Senehi with guests who are experts in nuclear energy. Guests have included professors, business executives, politicians, diplomats, scientists, and others. Discussions revolve around nuclear power as an alternative and potentially carbon-negative energy source. The podcast and its guests are broadly proponents of the proliferation of nuclear energy, but some guests have taken an opposing position. Other topics discussed include nuclear energy policy and climate change.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
+Energy Impact Center
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_(magazine)-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_(magazine)-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+title: "Tone (magazine)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_(magazine)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:40:48.565345+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Tone was a bi-monthly magazine combining coverage of technological developments in New Zealand and from around the world with reviews on the latest consumer products available in New Zealand.
+
+
+== History and profile ==
+It was Parkside Media's third magazine, following NZ Classic Car and NZ Performance Car. Tone was started in 1999. Until issue 32, the magazine was bi-monthly. A change was made to monthly, but as of issue 73 (November/December 2008), it returned to bi-monthly.
+Tone's offices were in Grey Lynn, Auckland, New Zealand. The magazine ceased publication in December 2011.
+
+
+== Masthead design ==
+Tone's logo featured a small coloured triangle. Internally this was called 'Jerry'. Jerry changes colour each issue to match the cover design. Version 2 of the logo appeared in issue 32 when the magazine changed to monthly. Version 3 of the logo appeared in issue 44. Version 4 of the logo appeared in issue 67 and changed the tagline to Gadgets | Hi-fi | Home theatre, from Technology to change your life.
+
+
+== Magazine contents ==
+As of the November/December 2008 issue, the typical magazine contents included:
+
+News
+Toneworld (short product overviews)
+Reviews (detailed product tests)
+Entertainment (CD, DVD, game reviews)
+Readers' letters
+Contributor columns
+Feature stories (event reviews, technical tips and tricks, how-to articles, company overviews)
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Parkside Media website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trees_A_Crowd-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trees_A_Crowd-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+---
+title: "Trees A Crowd"
+chunk: 1/3
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trees_A_Crowd"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:02.888062+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Trees A Crowd is a natural history podcast presented by actor & ecologist David Oakes.
+
+== Creation and reception of the podcast ==
+Oakes, as an environmentalist and an ambassador for the Woodland Trust and The Wildlife Trusts, started Trees A Crowd as a series of informal conversations with artists, scientists and enthusiasts.
+Speaking on the Dominic King show on BBC Radio Kent on 19 July 2019, David said in regards to why he started the podcast:
+
+If we live in a world of identity politics where personality trumps any viable policy or common sense, then maybe we can use that for betterment too. So, if we can get someone who is fascinating who can take you through their life story and their idiosyncratic interests and pastimes and accidental encounters with griffins or narwhals or fantastical or factual beasts across time, then maybe we can then be seduced into fewer plastic bottles or driving your car a little less often.
+Each episode explores how the countryside has inspired different career trajectories. Speaking to Countryman Magazine in June 2019, Oakes said:
+
+I decided to seek out others who, like me, have a meaningful connection with the rolling hills, misty moors, babbling brooks, and dappled woodlands of our glorious Great Britain. I wanted to discover how the countryside — and its many-legged inhabitants — inspired their careers, and how growing up within the natural world became working for the natural world.
+Jenny Perrone, writing for The Guardian, described the podcast as “a treat for your ears” and the Geographical Magazine praised the podcast: "In a world of high-energy, jingle-ridden podcasts and antagonistic radio shows Trees a Crowd makes for a pleasantly gentle listen. Both nostalgic and forward looking it covers some of the biggest issues facing the natural world through the medium of relaxed, informal conversation."
+As of 28 May 2021, Trees a Crowd is to be added to the British Library Sound Archive (formerly the National Sound Archive) for its value as part of the nation's audio and cultural heritage. And, as of August 2021, it is ranked as the #1 Nature podcast in Great Britain on Apple podcasts.
+
+== Guest list ==
+
+=== Series one ===
+25 February 2019 – Mark Frith, BAFTA-winning documentary maker and Artist
+11 March 2019 – Polly Morgan, Artist and Taxidermist
+25 March 2019 – David Fettes, Wildlife Photographer
+8 April 2019 – Astrid Goldsmith, Animator and Model-maker
+15 April 2019 – Dr Katherine Brent, amongst other things, is a morris dancer and badger saboteur. This episode was released as a thematic response to the interview with Astrid Goldsmith.
+22 April 2019 – Dr Steve Etches MBE – Fossil collector
+29 April 2019 – Dr Ellinor Michel, molluscan systematist and ecologist at the Natural History Museum
+6 May 2019 – Dr Fay Clark, animal welfare scientist at Bristol Zoo
+20 May 2019 – Dr Guy Stevens, CEO and co-founder of the Manta Trust.
+3 June 2019 – The Maldives Underwater Initiative, which includes a dozen Marine Biologists based on Laamu Atoll including some that work for the Blue Marine Foundation, the Manta Trust and the Olive Ridley Project.
+17 June 2019 – Bella Hardy, folk singer and songwriter.
+1 July 2019 – Wolfgang Buttress and Dr Martin Bencsik, co-creators of numerous multi-sensory artworks including the bee-inspired HIVE and BEAM.
+15 July 2019 – Beccy Speight, the then CEO of the Woodland Trust, now the CEO of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.
+29 July 2019 – Dr Terry Gough M.V.O., Head of Estates and Gardens at Hampton Court Palace.
+12 August 2019 – Dr Jess French, television presenter, veterinarian and author.
+26 August 2019 – Chris Watson (part one), musician and sound recordist specialising in natural history.
+9 September 2019 – Chris Watson (part two).
+23 September 2019 – Tannis Davidson, curator of Grant Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy at University College London.
+7 October 2019 – Harry Barton, CEO of the Devon Wildlife Trust.
+14 October 2019 – Recorded live at the 70th Cheltenham Literature Festival in partnership with the Woodland Trust, a discussion on “The Art of Trees” with Prof. Christiana Payne and Dr Angela Summerfield.
+21 October 2019 – Amanda Owen, the 'Yorkshire Shepherdess'.
+4 November 2019 – Sir John Lawton, Biologist, a fellow of the Royal Society, president of the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust and chair of the Endangered Landscapes Programme.
+18 November 2019 – Dr Jo Elworthy, botanist and head of interpretation at the Eden Project, Cornwall.
+2 December 2019 – Dr Richard Benwell, CEO of the Wildlife and Countryside Link
+16 December 2019 – Victoria Bromley, wildlife filmmaker and documentary maker.
+23 December 2019 – Joanna Lentini, wildlife photographer.
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trees_A_Crowd-1.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trees_A_Crowd-1.md
@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+---
+title: "Trees A Crowd"
+chunk: 2/3
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trees_A_Crowd"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:02.888062+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+=== Series two ===
+6 January 2020 – Mark Carwardine, zoologist who achieved widespread recognition for his Last Chance to See conservation expeditions with Douglas Adams. Since then he has become a leading and outspoken conservationist, and a prolific broadcaster, columnist and photographer.
+20 January 2020 – Dr Catherine Barlow of the South of Scotland Golden Eagle Project.
+3 February 2020 – Dr Bryce Stewart, marine ecologist and fisheries biologist, currently a lecturer for the Department of Environment and Geography at the University of York.
+17 February 2020 – Ingrid Newkirk, president and co-founder of PETA.
+2 March 2020 – Rob Rose and Natalie Stoppard of Rosewood Farm on the Yorkshire Ings.
+16 March 2020 – Tim Pears, novelist and Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.
+26 March 2020 – A short interview with Edward Davey of the World Resources Institute discussing agricultural concerns in the midst of COVID-19. Originally this interview was set to be recorded as a live event as part of the London Climate Change Festival which was cancelled as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
+30 March 2020 – Dr Helen Pheby, head of curatorial programming at the Yorkshire Sculpture Park.
+31 March 2020 – a topical discussion with Luci Ryan, an ecologist for the Woodland Trust, about the tactics being taken to construct the British governments HS2 rail link and their plan to transplant ancient woodlands.
+13, 15 & 17 April 2020 – Three interviews from the Castle Howard estate, with Nick Howard (the castle's inhabitant), Nick Cooke (the head of forestry) and Alastair Gunn (head of landscapes and gardens).
+21 April 2020 – A "World Curlew Day" special episode featuring interviews with Sir John Lawton, Amanda Owen, Chris Watson, Dr Richard Benwell, Mary Colwell, Dr Jennifer Smart of the RSPB, Rick Simpson, CEO of Wader Quest, Lucy Walker of Britten Pears Arts, Patrick Laurie and David Lindo. It also featured original music from Bella Hardy, and poetry recitals from Natalie Dormer and Samuel West.
+27 April 2020 – Alastair Humphreys, adventurer and writer.
+11 & 18 May 2020 – Eanna Ni Lamhna, Irish environmentalist, educator and broadcaster (a two-part interview).
+25 May 2020 – Dara McAnulty, writer and naturalist who, at 15 years old, was the youngest recipient of the RSPB Medal.
+1 June 2020 – An exploration of the work of the Langholm Moor community project.
+8, 15 & 22 June 2020 – "Wildflower Women"; three interviews with ethnobotanist Jennie Martin, the founder of the Woodmeadow Trust, Rosalind Forbes Adam, and Shakespearian actor, Serena Manteghi.
+6 July 2020 – Dr William C. Tweed, writer, historian and chief naturalist of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks.
+20 & 27 July 2020 – Prof. Kate Jones, Professor of Ecology and Biodiversity at University College London with a special interest in bats, and past chair of the Bat Conservation Trust.
+5 Aug 2020 – Prof. Rowan Lockwood & Dr Bryce Stewart of College of William & Mary and University of York respectively, talk of the benefits of preserving the world's oyster population.
+17 Aug 2020, Will Travers, OBE, President and co-founder of the Born Free Foundation.
+31 Aug 2020, Georgina Lamb, CEO of David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation, and granddaughter of David Shepherd.
+14 Sept 2020 – Mark Carwardine returned to talk about his experiences on anti-poaching patrols.
+17 Sept 2020 – Doug Allan, wildlife cameraman and photographer best known for his work in polar regions and underwater. Dr Guy Stevens from the Manta Trust launches the inaugural 'World Manta Day'.
+28 Sept & 5 Oct 2020 – Dr George McGavin, entomologist, author, academic, television presenter and explorer.
+
+=== Series three ===
+The third series took on a different format (see below), but it did include three interviews in keeping with the original format of the podcast.
+
+4 June 2021 – Richard Nairn, Irish environmentalist, writer and forester.
+3 September 2021 – Peter Wohlleben, German forester and writer.
+5 November 2021 – Brigit Strawbridge Howard, writer and environmentalist.
+
+=== Series four ===
+24 May 2022 – George Monbiot, writer, journalist and activist.
+7 June 2022 – Beatrice von Preussen, artist, explorer and science communicator.
+5 July 2022 – Oakes visits Lundy to speak to the island's two wildlife wardens, Rosie Ellis and Stuart Cossey.
+2 August 2022 – Dr Gavin Broad, entomologist and Principal Curator in Charge of Insects at Natural History Museum, London.
+6 September 2022 – Dr Amy-Jane Beer, writer and environmental campaigner.
+4 October 2022 – Leigh Morris, CEO of the Manx Wildlife Trust.
+1 November 2022 – Dan Hooper, aka Swampy, environmentalist and activist.
+6 December 2022 – Sarah Gillespie RWA, artist and printmaker.
+10 & 17 January 2023 – Dr Trevor Dines, botanist & TV presenter.
+7 February 2023 – Donovan Wright & Tom Gibbs, the Bison Rangers at the Wilder Blean project, and Kora Kunzmann, the Ecological Evidence and Academic Partnerships Lead at the Kent Wildlife Trust.
+7 & 14 March 2023 – Chris Packham, naturalist and TV presenter.
+4 April 2023 – Emma Marsh, executive officer at the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.
+2 May 2023 – Dr Brian Briggs, biologist and musician, lead singer of Stornoway.
+16 May 2023 – Tan Twan Eng, Man Booker Prize-nominated novelist.
+6 June 2023 – Sophie Pavelle, Science communicator and writer.
+5 October 2023 – Samuel West, actor, director and RSPB Ambassador. Recorded live at the Global Bird Fair in Rutland on 16 July 2023.
+
+=== African specials ===
+4 July 2023 – A record of a week spent in the Kunene Desert with Save the Rhino Trust Namibia.
+11 July 2023 – Piet Beytell and Tommy Hall, the Chief Conservation Scientist at the Namibian Government's Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Tourism, and a Wildlife Intelligence Officer, respectively.
+1 August 2023 – Chris Fallows, conservationist, photographer and shark expert.
+5 September 2023 – Nardstar, aka Nadia Fisher, artist and designer.
+3 October 2023 – Paul Vorster, Director of Sanbona Nature and Wilderness Reserve.
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trees_A_Crowd-2.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trees_A_Crowd-2.md
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+title: "Trees A Crowd"
+chunk: 3/3
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trees_A_Crowd"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:02.888062+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+=== Series five ===
+7 November 2023 – Dr Paul Donald, Senior Scientist at Bird Life International.
+5 December 2023 – Katie Holten, artist and environmental activist.
+9 January 2024 – Dr Ruth Tingay, environmentalist and raptor conservationist.
+13 February 2024 – Dr David Hetherington, ecologist and wild cat biologist.
+12 March 2024 – Artist Andy Holden and Ornithologist Peter Holden; father and son.
+9 April 2024 – A visit to the Carmarthenshire Vulture breed and release charity, The Horstmann Trust.
+14 May 2024 – Rob Stoneman, Director of Landscape Recovery at the Wildlife Trusts.
+11 & 18 June 2024 – Prof. Fiona Mathews & Prof. Tim Kendall, environmental biologist and nature writer respectively.
+5 July 2024 – Matthew Oates, naturalist and nature writer.
+9 August 2024 – Primatologist Dr Hannah Trayford and Wildlife Photographer Rachel Bigsby
+10 September 2024 – M. G. Leonard, award-winning children's novelist and Vice President of Buglife. A bonus addendum episode was released on 1/7/25.
+
+=== Series six ===
+21 October 2025 – Dr Sylvia Earle, Marine biologist, explorer and founder of Mission Blue.
+18 November 2025 - Dr Bhaskar Choudhury, veterinarian and project head of the Wildlife Trust of India’s Centre for Wildlife Rehabilitation and Conservation (CWRC).
+20 November 2025 - Amrit Menon, department head of the Wildlife Trust of India’s Wild Aid division.
+8 December 2025 - Iris Ho, Head of Campaigns and Policy at the Pan-African Sanctuary Alliance.
+9 December 2025 - Abraham Joffe, documentary filmmaker.
+17 February 2026 - Prof. Diana Pazmiño, marine biologist and conservation geneticist.
+24 February 2026 - Prof. Carlos Mena, geographer and Director of Universidad San Francisco de Quito’s Galápagos campus and Co-Director of the Galápagos Science Centre.
+3 March 2026 - Rakan Zahawi, Chief Executive of the Charles Darwin Foundation.
+17 March 2026 - Darren Moorcroft, Beccy Speight and Craig Bennett; chief executives of the Woodland Trust, RSPB and The Wildlife Trusts respectively.
+
+=== Bonus episodes ===
+7 October 2019 – An additional recording with Harry Barton of the Devon Wildlife Trust, released online through SoundCloud. Recorded on the banks of the River Otter, Devon, by the site of a project to reintegrate wild beavers into the local environment.
+22 April 2020 – Bella Hardy's new song 'Curlew', accompanied by her creative thoughts in writing the song.
+7 Aug 2020 – An additional recording with Bryce Stewart, released online through SoundCloud, detailing how COVID-19 is affecting UK fisheries.
+
+=== Live recordings ===
+9 October 2019 – Recorded live at the 70th Cheltenham Literature Festival in partnership with the Woodland Trust, a discussion on “The Art of Trees” with Prof. Christiana Payne and Dr Angela Summerfield. It was eventually broadcast on 14 October 2019.
+10 January 2020 – Recorded live at The Open Book, Wigtown, an interview with Dr Cat Barlow of the South of Scotland Golden Eagle Project. It was eventually broadcast on 20 January 2020.
+1 November 2022 – Recorded live at Stanfords Travel Bookshop in Covent Garden, an interview with award-winning writer and science communicator, Sophie Pavelle. It was eventually broadcast on 6 June 2023.
+16 July 2023 – Samuel West, actor, director and RSPB Ambassador. Recorded live at the 2023 Global Bird Fair in Rutland.
+
+== Series 3: "Oakes on Oaks: 56(ish) Native Trees" ==
+As a result of restrictions put in place in response to the COVID pandemic of 2020/21, the third series of Trees a Crowd temporarily took on a different format. Instead of interviews, it provided short narrative accounts – scripted and produced by Oakes – of 'the secrets and stories beneath the native tree species to the British Isles'. The series explored the folklore, history, botany, art, music and literature associated with each tree, and was illuminated by anecdotes from Oakes' personal experience. The episodes also featured soundbites from previous guests of the show, and poetry and song recitals performed by acquaintances from across Oakes' theatrical career.
+
+== References ==
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unlocking_Us-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unlocking_Us-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+---
+title: "Unlocking Us"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unlocking_Us"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:04.086464+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Unlocking Us is a psychology and self-help podcast hosted by Brené Brown. Produced by Parcast, the show consists of both monologue and interview content and focuses on human vulnerability through Brown's experiences in social work.
+
+
+== Background ==
+The podcast debuted on March 20, 2020. Brown discussed her fears concerning the launch of her podcast in the first episode of the show. Brown began the podcast to have a more intimate medium of communicating her stories with her audience and she records the show in her home. The show consists of both interview and monologue episodes. One of the first interviews done on the show featured David Kessler on his understanding of grief. In an episode released on March 27, 2020 Brown discusses the importance of positivity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Brown hosted another podcast called Dare to Lead based on her book of the same name.
+
+
+== Reception ==
+According to a spokesman cited by The New York Times, the show was averaging more than a million downloads every episode in May 2020.
+Melissa Fyfe of The Sydney Morning Herald commented on the show saying that the "first season is a bit patchy" because it takes time to adjust to Brown's Southern American English and the disruptive advertisements, but Fyfe refers to the episodes with Harriet Lerner as a "masterclass in emotional intelligence." Alice Florence Orr also praised the Harriet Lerner episodes in the LA Review of Books channel Podcast Review, saying that the show "make[s] for unique listening." Hannah J. Davies of The Guardian commented on the show saying that it is "an anxiety-quelling Ted talk in audio form." Morgan McNaught of The A.V. Club praised the episode featuring Austin Channing Brown on her recently published book, I'm Still Here, calling the episode "richly informative."
+
+
+=== Awards ===
+
+
+== See also ==
+List of psychology and self-help podcasts
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanguardia_de_la_Ciencia-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanguardia_de_la_Ciencia-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+title: "Vanguardia de la Ciencia"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanguardia_de_la_Ciencia"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:38.590262+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Vanguardia de la Ciencia was a Spanish science podcast and radio program which was broadcast on the shortwave band by Radio Exterior de España, one of the stations of Radio Nacional de España (RNE). The program aired weekly, without interruption, from April 1995 until June 2007. It was available for download as mp3-files from the web pages of RNE from September 2003. The program was created by Ángel Rodríguez Lozano. A total of 98 programs are still available online. In addition to Vanguardia de la Ciencia, Lozano also hosted another popular science radio program and podcast, El Sueño de Arquímedes.
+
+
+== History ==
+Vanguardia de la Ciencia had a large audience worldwide. Although exact numbers of downloads and listeners are unavailable, Radio exterior de España has 80 million listeners, only surpassed by the BBC and Radio Vaticana. In addition, Vanguardia de la Ciencia was retransmitted by several radio stations in Latin America and Spain. The program was popular throughout the Spanish-speaking world.
+In June 2007, Vanguardia de la Ciencia and El sueño de Arquímedes were abruptly terminated. In the correspondence section of one of the last programs, Lozano explained, in response to a letter from an outraged listener, that the decision to terminate the program was made due to a re-structuration of RNE, and that he was but one of 4,150 employees who had to leave. In the previously referenced interview, he explained that everyone older than 52 years had to retire early, and that he was 54 years old at the time.
+The decision to terminate the programs was widely criticized in Spanish-speaking blogs.
+
+
+== Format ==
+The program aimed at being accessible to everyone with an interest for science. Some basic knowledge of science was required to get the most it, as it often went into some technical detail, especially in the interviews. The audio production was of top quality.
+
+Science news. The program started with a review of scientific news.
+Interviews. The news section was usually followed by an in-depth interview with a Spanish-speaking scientist, focusing on a recent publication in a major scientific journal.
+Biographies. The biography of a great scientist was often included. These were written by Carmen Buergo. They were written in the first person, and usually set at a point in time when the scientist was old, and told the story of his or her life and achievements.
+Letters from Ulises. Many of the programs included a section called "Cartas de Ulises" (Letters from Ulises). Ulises was presented as a friend of the program, who acted as a correspondent. His letters often started with stories from his childhood in rural Spain, which illustrated a scientific concept. In some of the programs, this section was more frivolous, such as when Ulises travelled in time, and performed an interview with Lucy, with simultaneous translation to Spanish. The contributions of Ulises were not credited, but in an interview at dimetu.com, Ángel Rodríguez Lozano revealed that Ulises, in fact, was himself, and that the stories were inspired by people and events from his own childhood.
+Correspondence. Near the end of the program, Ángel Rodríguez Lozano read a letter from a listener. The letters have included questions about permission to redistribute the audio. These have consistently been answered that the audio is freely redistributable, both by individuals and radio stia nuestra de cada dia (everyday science).
+Everyday science. In the section La ciencia nuestra de cada dia, Ángel Rodríguez Lozano answered questions from listeners, requesting explanations of observations of natural phenomena and curious observations. Often, a question was read one week, and answered the next, and it was evident that much research had been put into giving a thorough answer.
+
+
+== Cienciaes.com ==
+After the closure by RNE of the radio programs Vanguardia de la Ciencia and El sueño de Arquímedes, Lozano created the website "Cienciaes.com" (Ciencia para escuchar) in 2009. There, the "Vanguardia de la ciencia" podcast is continued, along with several other Spanish-language science podcasts.
+
+
+== See also ==
+El Sueño de Arquímedes
+Radio Nacional de España
+Ángel Rodríguez Lozano
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Vanguardia de la Ciencia at the Wayback Machine (archived January 21, 2011)
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesmír-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesmír-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "Vesmír"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesmír"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:40:49.894986+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Vesmír is a Czech science magazine that has been published  since  1871. As of 2012, it was produced by the Czech Academy of Sciences and published by Academia (Czech publishing house).
+
+
+== References ==
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Carnivorous_Plant_Society_Inc.-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Carnivorous_Plant_Society_Inc.-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+title: "Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Inc."
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Carnivorous_Plant_Society_Inc."
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:40:53.782820+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Inc., formerly titled simply Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society and also known as the VCPS Journal, is a quarterly periodical and the official publication of the Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society of Australia. Typical articles include matters of horticultural interest, field reports, literature reviews, and plant descriptions. The journal was established in early 1984, a year after the society itself was founded. Early in its history, issues were grouped into volumes; this system was later abandoned in favour of continuous issue numbering. The journal totals around 80 pages annually.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
+Complete journal index from 1984 to June 2003
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visan_om_solen,_månen_och_planeterna-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visan_om_solen,_månen_och_planeterna-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+title: "Visan om solen, månen och planeterna"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visan_om_solen,_månen_och_planeterna"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:43:00.501996+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Visan om solen, månen och planeterna is a poem written by Betty Ehrenborg-Posse, published in 1868 in Folkskolans läsebok. As a song it is, just like the Anthem of Europe, sung to the same tune as Beethoven's 9th symphony. The lyrics teach geography, astronomy and the four Northern Hemisphere temperate seasons. Nowadays, often just the closing verse is sung, named Månaderna, Januari börjar året, Månadsvisa or Visan om året.
+In the 1977 children's song book Smått å gott, the lyrics rika härliga framgå have been replaced by Härlig sommar är det då.
+
+
+== Publication ==
+Nu ska vi sjunga, 1943, under the lines "Årstiderna", credited as "old rhyme".
+Smått å Gott, 1977 (as "Månaderna", credited as an "old rhyme", with "music out of Beethoven's 9th symphony")
+Barnvisor och sånglekar till enkelt komp, 1984, credited as music out of Beethovens 9th symphony) as well as using "Oh My Darling, Clementine" as an alternate tune, splitting the first verse up into two verses, opening the second with "Juli.."
+Barnens svenska sångbok, 1999, under the lines "Sånger för småfolk".
+
+
+== References ==
+ 
+Barnens svenska sångbok, (1999)
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_Does_the_Sun_Shine-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_Does_the_Sun_Shine-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+---
+title: "Why Does the Sun Shine? (The Sun Is a Mass of Incandescent Gas)"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_Does_the_Sun_Shine?_(The_Sun_Is_a_Mass_of_Incandescent_Gas)"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:43:01.672897+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Why Does the Sun Shine? (The Sun Is a Mass of Incandescent Gas) is an EP by the American alternative rock band They Might Be Giants, released in 1993. It is the band's first release with a full-band line-up, rather than only the two original members (John Flansburgh and John Linnell) performing. It was also released as a single on 7-inch vinyl.
+
+
+== Songs ==
+The title song is a cover version of a song by Hy Zaret from Tom Glazer's 1959 album Space Songs. The lyrics for the refrain appear verbatim in the 1951 Golden Nature Guide Stars. They Might Be Giants re-arranged the song in an uptempo version for the 1998 live album, Severe Tire Damage, and the 2009 children's album, Here Comes Science, on which was added the self-written "Why Does the Sun Really Shine? (The Sun is a Miasma of Incandescent Plasma)", which corrects several factual inaccuracies in the original song. It was also included on the soundtrack to the children's game show Carmen Sandiego: Out of This World (1994) and was briefly heard in the Malcolm in the Middle episode "Malcolm Babysits".
+The second track, "Jessica", was originally recorded by the Allman Brothers Band for the 1973 album Brothers and Sisters. The third track, "Whirlpool", is a song written by the alternative rock band Meat Puppets, and can be found on the 1991 album Forbidden Places. The fourth and final track, "Spy", is the only original composition on the EP. It was later re-recorded for the band's studio album, John Henry, released in 1994.
+
+
+== Music video ==
+A music video for the song directed by Maciek Albrecht was shown in an episode of the Nickelodeon television series KaBlam!. In the video, a group of students are listening to a scientist talk about the Sun, which makes its way to them and shines its brightest.
+
+
+== Track listing ==
+CD
+
+The 7-inch vinyl release contains track 1 on side A and track 2 on side B.
+
+
+== Personnel ==
+John Linnell – accordion, saxophone, bass clarinet, vocal
+John Flansburgh – electric guitar, vocal
+Additional musicians
+Brian Doherty – drums, glockenspiel
+Kurt Hoffman – clarinet, saxophone
+Frank London – trumpet
+Graham Maby – bass guitar
+Technical
+They Might Be Giants – producer
+Patrick Dillett – engineer, mixing
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Why Does The Sun Shine? EP on This Might Be A Wiki
+"Why Does The Sun Shine?" (song) on This Might Be A Wiki
+Why Does The Sun Shine? at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonder_en_is_gheen_Wonder-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonder_en_is_gheen_Wonder-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+---
+title: "Wonder en is gheen Wonder"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonder_en_is_gheen_Wonder"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:40:55.207085+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Wonder en is gheen Wonder (Mystery is no Mystery) is a popular science magazine of the Flemish skeptical association SKEPP. The paper was founded in 2000 by Tom Schoepen, who also served as its editor for its first ten years. The magazine is published four times a year and addresses pseudoscientific as well as science philosophical topics. The title is a reference to the 16th century Flemish mathematician and engineer Simon Stevin's commentary to his famous thought experiment: even if something looks strange, it can still have a naturalistic explanation. The subtitle Tijdschrift voor wetenschap en rede ("Magazine for science and reason") was taken from Skeptical Inquirer, the most world-renowned skeptical magazine that is published by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.
+As of 2016, the editorial staff is composed as follows:
+
+Core staff
+Bart Coenen (editor-in-chief)
+Cliff Beeckman
+Johan Braeckman
+Tim Trachet
+Luc Vancampenhout
+Pieter Van Nuffel
+Wietse Wiels
+Editorial committee
+Wim Betz
+Stefaan Blancke
+Luc Bonneux
+Maarten Boudry
+Maxime Darge
+Geerdt Magiels
+Ronny Martens
+Marc Meuleman
+Pieter Peyskens
+Griet Vandermassen
+Frank Verhoft
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website Archived 2014-02-08 at the Wayback Machine
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wow_in_the_World-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wow_in_the_World-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+---
+title: "Wow in the World"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wow_in_the_World"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:42:06.553911+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Wow in the World is a children's podcast hosted by children's media and audio veterans Guy Raz and Mindy Thomas. which debuted on May 17, 2017 and produced by Tinkercast, LLC, a company established by Thomas and Raz to produce children's audio., and distributed by Wondery. Initially, it was distributed by NPR as part of its efforts to invest in podcasts and digital media aimed at wider audiences, including families, as well as Guy Raz's connections to the broadcaster for producing popular shows like the TED Radio Hour and the business podcast How I Built This. Distribution was handed over to Sony Music in April 2021, but the deal with Sony was very short lived. The Amazon-owned podcast network Wondery agreed to distribute the Tinkercast assets in September the same year. 
+The show focuses on science and technology and each episodes is about 25 minutes long. However some episodes, such as the spin-off game show Two Whats?! And a Wow!!! are 15 minutes long and other bonus episodes may run for 5–10 minutes.
+
+
+== Background ==
+In 2014, Guy Raz and Mindy Thomas had a Twitter exchanged that led to some collaborations. The show was financed by its hosts and is recorded in Thomas's basement studio in Fairfax, Virginia. They began producing episodes for Wow in the World together and the podcast debuted on May 15, 2017. The podcast is the first children's podcast to be distributed by NPR. The show is produced by Tinkercast. Each episode is about 25 minutes long. The theme song is by The Pop Ups. The podcast's intended audience is children between the ages of 5 and 12 years old. The hosts of the show cite their sources during the program. The podcast is a science and technology focused program. On April 6, 2019, the show did a live event at Tampa Theatre. By 2020, the show had produced four seasons. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the hosts of the show started a spinoff series called Two Whats?! and a Wow!. Two Whats?! and a Wow! released daily episodes. Tinkercast also started a spinoff called Camp WeWow. On November 22, 2021, the show did a special episode discussing the importance of the COVID-19 vaccine.
+
+
+== Reception ==
+Charlotte Hilton Andersen wrote in Reader's Digest that the hosts "have a knack for picking science stories that kids will find fascinating". ABC News said of the show that "Curious kids will be captivated, and you'll find it hard not to love it too."
+
+
+=== Awards ===
+
+
+== Adaptation ==
+The podcast was adapted into a book series. The first book in the series was titled Wow in the World: The How and Wow of The Human Body and the second was titled Wow in the Wild: The Amazing World of Animals. The intended audience of the book series is children ages 7–10. The book was discussed at the 2021 Los Angeles Times Festival of Books as well as the 2021 San Antonio Book Festival. The books are written by Mindy Thomas and Guy Raz with illustrations by Jack Teagle.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
--- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Življenje_in_tehnika-0.md
+++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Življenje_in_tehnika-0.md
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+title: "Življenje in tehnika"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Življenje_in_tehnika"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T07:40:59.798121+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Življenje in tehnika (Life & Technology) is a Slovene-language monthly magazine about popular science. It has been published since 1950, at first under the name Ljudska tehnika (The Technology of the People). In 1952, it was renamed to its current title. It is still one of the magazines with the greatest readership in Slovenia. The magazine focuses mainly on engineering, medicine, biology, archeology and computer science. It is published by Tehniška založba Slovenije (Slovenian Technical Publishing).
+
+
+== See also ==
+List of magazines in Slovenia
+
+
+== External links ==
+Življenje in tehnika
+Tehniška založba Slovenije