diff --git a/_index.db b/_index.db index c1bf0b6b5..1eaf04e3d 100644 Binary files a/_index.db and b/_index.db differ diff --git a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_Girls_Robotics_Team-0.md b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_Girls_Robotics_Team-0.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aa7efd004 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_Girls_Robotics_Team-0.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +--- +title: "Afghan Girls Robotics Team" +chunk: 1/2 +source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_Girls_Robotics_Team" +category: "reference" +tags: "science, encyclopedia" +date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:38:25.549004+00:00" +instance: "kb-cron" +--- + +The Afghan Girls Robotics Team, also known as the Afghan Dreamers, is an all-girl robotics team from Herat, Afghanistan, founded through the Digital Citizen Fund (DCF) in 2017 by Roya Mahboob and Alireza Mehraban. It is made up of girls between ages 12 and 18 and their mentors. Several members of the team were relocated to Qatar and Mexico by humanitarian and tech entrepreneur Sarah Porter following the fall of Kabul in August 2021. A documentary film featuring members of the team, titled Afghan Dreamers, was released by MTV Documentary Films in 2023. + +== Origins == +The Afghan Girls Robotics Team was co-founded in 2017 by Roya Mahboob, who is their coach, mentor and sponsor, and founder of the Digital Citizen Fund (DCF), which is the parent organization for the team. Dean Kamen was planning a 2017 competition in the United States and had recruited Mahboob to form a team from Afghanistan. Out of 150 girls, 12 were selected for the first team. Before parts were sent by Kamen, they trained in the basement of the home of Mahboob's parents, with scrap metal and without safety equipment under the guidance of their coach, Mahboob's brother Alireza Mehraban, who is also a co-founder of the team. + +== 2017 and 2018 == + +In 2017, six members of the Afghan Girls Robotics Team traveled to the United States to participate in the international FIRST Global Challenge robotics competition. Their visas were rejected twice after they made two journeys from Herat to Kabul through Taliban-controlled areas, before officials in the United States government intervened to allow them to enter the United States. Customs officials also detained their robotics kits, which left them two weeks to construct their robot, unlike some teams that had more time. They were awarded a Silver medal for Courageous Achievement. One week after they returned home from the competition, the father of team captain Fatemah Qaderyan, Mohammad Asif Qaderyan, was killed in a suicide bombing. +After their United States visas expired, the team participated in competitions in Estonia and Istanbul. Three of the 12 members participated in the 2017 Entrepreneurial Challenge at the Robotex festival in Estonia, and won the competition for their solar-powered robot designed to assist farmers. In 2018, the team trained in Canada, continued to travel in the United States for months and participate in competitions. + +== 2019 == +The Afghan Girls Robotics team had aspirations to develop a science and technology school for girls in Afghanistan. Roya Mahboob interfaced with the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), the School of Architecture, and the Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies Yale University to design the infrastructure for what they named The Dreamer Institute. + +== 2020 == +In March 2020, the governor of Herat at the time, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan and a scarcity of ventilators, sought help with the design of low-cost ventilators, and the Afghan Girls Robotics Team was one of six teams contacted by the government. Using a design from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and with guidance from MIT engineers and Douglas Chin, a surgeon in California, the team developed a prototype with Toyota Corolla parts and a chain drive from a Honda motorcycle. UNICEF also supported the team with the acquisition of necessary parts during the three months they spent building the prototype that was completed in July 2020. Their design costs around $500 compared to $50,000 for a ventilator. +In December 2020, Minister of Industry and Commerce Nizar Ahmad Ghoryani donated funding and obtained land for a factory to produce the ventilators. Under the direction of their mentor Roya Mahboob, the Afghan Dreamers also designed a UVC Robot for sanitization, and a Spray Robot for disinfection, both of which were approved by the Ministry of Health for production. + +== 2021 == + +In early August 2021, Somaya Faruqi, former captain of the team, was quoted by Public Radio International about the future of Afghanistan, stating, "We don’t support any group over another but for us what’s important is that we be able to continue our work. Women in Afghanistan have made a lot of progress over the past two decades and this progress must be respected." +On August 17, 2021, the Afghan Girls Robotics Team and their coaches were reported to be attempting to evacuate, but unable to obtain a flight out of Afghanistan, and a lawyer appealed to Canada for assistance regarding the evacuation of the team members. As of August 19, 2021, nine members of the team and their coaches had evacuated to Qatar. The founder of the team, Roya Mahboob, and DCF board member, Elizabeth Schaeffer Brown, were previously in contact with the Qatari government to assist the team members in their evacuation from Afghanistan. +By August 25, 2021, some members arrived in Mexico. Saghar, a team member who evacuated to Mexico, said, "We wanted to continue the path that we started to continue to go for our achievements and to go for having our dreams through reality. So that's why we decided to leave Afghanistan and go for somewhere safe" in an interview with The Associated Press. The members who have left Afghanistan participated in an online robotics competition in September and plan to continue their education. +A documentary film titled Afghan Dreamers, produced by Beth Murphy and directed by David Greenwald, was in post-production when the team began to evacuate. + +== 2022 == +The Afghan Dreamers were involved in a training program at the Texas A&M University at Qatar’s STEM Hub. + +== 2023 == + +The Afghan Girls Robotics Team had a booth at the 5th UN Conference on the Least Developed Countries, where they displayed some of the robots the team had constructed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_Girls_Robotics_Team-1.md b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_Girls_Robotics_Team-1.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..14f6fc02a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_Girls_Robotics_Team-1.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +--- +title: "Afghan Girls Robotics Team" +chunk: 2/2 +source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_Girls_Robotics_Team" +category: "reference" +tags: "science, encyclopedia" +date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:38:25.549004+00:00" +instance: "kb-cron" +--- + +== Afghan Dreamers documentary == +The Afghan Dreamers documentary from MTV Documentary Films premiered in May 2023 on Paramount+. The film was directed by David Greenwald and produced by David Cowan and Beth Murphy. In a review for Screen Daily, Wendy Ide wrote, "This film, with its likeable cast of girl nerds and positive message, should enjoy a warm reception on the festival circuit, and will be of particular interest to events seeking to showcase women's stories from around the world. It also serves as a timely cautionary tale – a case study on just how quickly the rights and the opportunities of women can be curtailed, at the behest of the men in power." + +== Honors and awards == +2017 Silver medal for Courageous Achievement at the FIRST Global Challenge, science and technology +2017 Benefiting Humanity in AI Award at World Summit AI +2017 Winner, Entrepreneurship Challenge at Robotex in Estonia +2018 Permission to Dream Award, Raw Film Festival +2018 Conrad Innovation Challenge, Raw Film Festival +2018 Rookie All Star – District Championship, Canada +2018 Asia Game Changer Award Honoree +2019 Inspiring in Engineering Award – FIRST Detroit World Championship +2019 Asia Game Changer Award of California +2019 Safety Award – FIRST Global, Dubai +2021 Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia +2022 World Championships, Genoa, Switzerland + +== References == + +== External links == +Official Afghan Dreamers documentary website +A day of pride for Afghan girl grads amid growing threats (PBS NewsHour, January 5, 2016) + Media related to Afghan Girls Robotics Team at Wikimedia Commons \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athena_SWAN-0.md b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athena_SWAN-0.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e8ed5e3f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athena_SWAN-0.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +--- +title: "Athena SWAN" +chunk: 1/2 +source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athena_SWAN" +category: "reference" +tags: "science, encyclopedia" +date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:38:26.970905+00:00" +instance: "kb-cron" +--- + +The Athena SWAN Charter (Scientific Women's Academic Network) is an equality charter mark framework and accreditation scheme for higher education and research institutions, established in 2005 by the UK's Equality Challenge Unit (now part of Advance HE). It recognises and promotes commitment to advancing gender equality, particularly in relation to representation, career progression, and success for women. The charter is used both as a self-assessment and benchmarking tool to guide institutional change. + +== Award details == +Members (universities) who sign up to the charter are expected to apply for an Athena SWAN award, at Bronze, Silver or Gold level. Each award is valid for four years under the post-2015 rules (three years where pre-2015 rules apply). +They commit to adopting ten principles, which focus on promoting and supporting gender equality for women. These are: + +We acknowledge that academia cannot reach its full potential unless it can benefit from the talents of all. +We commit to advancing gender equality in academia, in particular, addressing the loss of women across the career pipeline and the absence of women from senior academic, professional and support roles. +We commit to addressing unequal gender representation across academic disciplines and professional and support functions. In this we recognise disciplinary differences including: +the relative underrepresentation of women in senior roles in arts, humanities, social sciences, business and law (AHSSBL) +the particularly high loss rate of women in science, technology, engineering, mathematics and medicine (STEMM) +We commit to tackling the gender pay gap. +We commit to removing the obstacles faced by women, in particular, at major points of career development and progression including the transition from PhD into a sustainable academic career. +We commit to addressing the negative consequences of using short-term contracts for the retention and progression of staff in academia, particularly women. +We commit to tackling the discriminatory treatment often experienced by trans people. +We acknowledge that advancing gender equality demands commitment and action from all levels of the organisation and in particular active leadership from those in senior roles. +We commit to making and mainstreaming sustainable structural and cultural changes to advance gender equality, recognising that initiatives and actions that support individuals alone will not sufficiently advance equality. +All individuals have identities shaped by several different factors. We commit to considering the intersection of gender and other factors wherever possible. + +The ten principles have been criticised for failing to mention collective bargaining, for failing to address unconscious bias in paying "market" rates of pay, and failing to address the sex discrimination inherent in child care rights to paid leave and the lasting negative impact this has on relative career advancement for those taking long maternity and short paternity leave. It has also been found that "there is no evidence that Athena SWAN membership and award level have any impact" on "the gender pay gap and the proportion of women in the top quartile of pay". + +== History == +The Athena SWAN charter was established in 2005 and the first awards were conferred in 2006. The initial charter set out to encourage and recognise commitment to advancing the careers of women in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) institutions of higher education and research. In 2011, the UK Chief Medical Officer made it a requirement for academic departments applying for funding from the National Institute for Health Research to hold the Athena SWAN silver award. This requirement was removed in 2020. +In May 2015 the charter was expanded to include non-STEMM departments including arts, humanities, social sciences, business, and law. Additionally, it expanded to cover additional communities including professional and support staff, technical staff, as well as transgender staff and students. The first awards to non-STEMM university departments were announced in April 2016. The new charter recognises work undertaken to address gender equality more broadly, and not just barriers to progression that affect women. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athena_SWAN-1.md b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athena_SWAN-1.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..136e6f881 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athena_SWAN-1.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +--- +title: "Athena SWAN" +chunk: 2/2 +source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athena_SWAN" +category: "reference" +tags: "science, encyclopedia" +date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:38:26.970905+00:00" +instance: "kb-cron" +--- + +== Reception == +An exploratory study of women's and men's perceptions of Athena SWAN in 2017 was broadly positive, and highlighted the significance of government funding being linked to Athena SWAN awards; it also highlighted the limitations of the process to change long-standing and entrenched issues in society. A 2019 study of the university culture in medical and social sciences attributed a more positive culture in medical sciences to the widespread implementation of Athena SWAN gender equality action plans, linked to the funding incentives of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). A 2020 study examining the effect of Athena SWAN funding incentives on women's research leadership in NIHR Biomedical Research Centres found a rise in the number of women in mid-level leadership positions and the proportion of funding going to women. +According to empirical research carried out at the University of Bath, "there is no evidence that Athena SWAN membership and award level have any impact" on "the gender pay gap and the proportion of women in the top quartile of pay". Some commentators consider it to be largely window-dressing with little impact on lived experiences of women working in universities. Others have indicated an apparent failure to find any significant impact of Athena SWAN awards on changes in the proportion of women in senior leadership positions or professorial posts based on data held be the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) for consecutive years between 2012 and 2019. +The Athena SWAN charter is now used by some institutions in conjunction with the Race Equality charter and issues of gender and race inequality become conflated. +In November 2021, The Times reported concerns about the Athena SWAN programme; barrister Naomi Cunningham described it as "totalitarian and unlawful" while historian Selina Todd, in a letter to the editor, said it "promotes a controversial view of sex and gender". Within the Irish context in particular (see below), it has been suggested that institutional commitment to the charter poses a risk to academic freedom. John Armstrong and Alice Sullivan have argued that 'policy-scoring schemes' such as this can lead to groupthink and pose risks to academic freedom. +A 2020 cohort study found that Athena SWAN members showed greater and faster growth in female representation in managerial leadership. A review of the scheme published in 2025 by policy group Murray Blackburn Mackenzie highlighted a lack of evidence that the scheme has been effective as a mechanism for addressing sex inequalities in promotion or pay. + +== International == + +=== Australia === +An Australian pilot of the Charter began in 2015 and is overseen by SAGE Ltd., a not-for-profit company created from a partnership of the Australian Academy of Science and the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering. + +=== Ireland === +In 2015 the Charter entered Irish higher education. It is supported by the Athena SWAN National Committee which has representatives from higher education institutes, Advance HE, the Higher Education Authority, Irish research agencies, the Irish Universities Association and the Technological Higher Education Association. As of April 2024, there was a total of 131 award holders, 119 of these were Bronze Awards and the remainder were Silver. + +== Influence == +Despite being in its nascent stage, research into the effects of the Charter on the careers of women indicates a positive impact on gender diversity among both managerial leaders and non-managerial academics, as well as female research leaders. The latter is attributed to the introduction of Athena SWAN research funding incentives, which promote research and leadership opportunities for women. However, it is important to note that these improvements are not ubiquitous across all academic disciplines, and Charter-induced interventions may take some time to produce tangible results, as the influence of diversity charters follows a trajectory of maturity. + +=== USA === +In 2017 Advance HE supported the American Association for the Advancement of Science in introducing a pilot scheme called STEM Equity Achievement (SEA) Change programme. SEA Change borrows from Athena SWAN but is broader in scope. + +=== Canada === +In 2018 Canada introduced the Dimensions pilot programme. Supported by Advance HE, Dimensions aims to draw on the Athena SWAN methodology to recognise institutions that are inclusive of underrepresented groups. + +== See also == +Equal opportunity +Gender equality +Gender inequality +Gender studies +Women's empowerment +UK labour law + +== References == + +== External links == +Official website +"Centre of Excellence for Equality, Diversity and Inclusion". Higher Education Authority, Ireland. +"SAGE pathway to Athena Swan". Science in Australia Gender Equality (SAGE). +"See change with STEMM Equity Achievement". American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). +"Equity, diversity and inclusion: Dimensions". Government of Canada. 5 April 2022. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balfour_Biological_Laboratory_for_Women-0.md b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balfour_Biological_Laboratory_for_Women-0.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ff183a87 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balfour_Biological_Laboratory_for_Women-0.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +--- +title: "Balfour Biological Laboratory for Women" +chunk: 1/1 +source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balfour_Biological_Laboratory_for_Women" +category: "reference" +tags: "science, encyclopedia" +date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:38:28.178724+00:00" +instance: "kb-cron" +--- + +The Balfour Biological Laboratory for Women was a laboratory attached to the University of Cambridge from 1884 to 1914. Established to expand the laboratory capacity and provide a separate space for women's practical work, it served as an important source of academic posts and opportunities for networking and discussion for women at Cambridge until laboratories began being shared by men and women in 1914. + + +== Background == +In March 1881, the month after women students received the right to sit the Natural Sciences Tripos at the University of Cambridge, twenty-two natural sciences students at Newnham College, Cambridge presented a memorial to the college's governing body outlining the need for more laboratory space. Newnham, one of two women's colleges at Cambridge, had had a purpose-built laboratory on its grounds since 1879. This laboratory was mostly set up for chemistry, and more space was needed because the Natural Sciences Tripos included a two-day examination in practical laboratory techniques. All laboratory space at Cambridge was becoming oversubscribed due to the increase in students wanting to study natural sciences, but it was also thought appropriate that women, who attended lectures alongside men, should have a separate laboratory facility rather than a shared one. + +In April 1881, the Newnham College council appointed a subcommittee consisting of Principal Anne Clough, Vice-Principal Eleanor Sidgwick, her brother Francis Maitland Balfour, and Trinity College's Coutts Trotter, to investigate the possibility of establishing a laboratory. The committee selected a site that month, and Eleanor Sidgwick began legal proceedings for purchasing the building in May. +Newnham College raised over £2000 towards the laboratory over the next three years. The other women's college at Cambridge, Girton College, also contributed to the equipping of the laboratory but was not involved in its establishment because it took the position that the laboratory should be established by the University of Cambridge itself, whereas Newnham was willing to proceed independently. Renovations and equipment were also donated by Coutts Trotter and Walter Holbrook Gaskell. + + +== History == + +The laboratory opened for teaching in the spring of 1884, funded largely by Eleanor Sidgwick, Vice-Principal of Newnham College, and her sister Alice Blanche Balfour. It was named in memory of their brother Francis Maitland Balfour, a biologist who had been a supporter of Newnham College and a member of the committee negotiating to secure the building. Francis had died in a climbing accident on Mont Blanc in 1882 a few months after becoming lecturer in morphology at Cambridge. A bust of him was gifted to the laboratory by his former students. The premises for the laboratory was the former Emmanuel Congregational Chapel at Downing Place, in the centre of Cambridge and a five-minute walk away from the men's laboratory. + +The laboratory drew most of its staff and funding from Newnham College, and was also open to students at Girton College, the only other Cambridge college accepting women students at the time. Resources were at first limited, but staff wrote of the sense of excitement at overcoming the obstacles in the early days. At first, the staff consisted only of director Alice Johnson, who had taken the Part I examination in Morphology, and Marion Greenwood, who taught physiology. Physiology student Florence Eves collaborated with Johnson on a prospectus as to how the laboratory should be run. There was also a "young untrained boy" to assist with setting up experiments, so the demonstrators did most of the work preparing specimens and reagents themselves. Greenwood also taught botany, because women were excluded from the botany laboratory by Sydney Howard Vines. As botany became more popular, the Balfour appointed two more staff to teach it in 1886, Lilian Sheldon and Anna Bateson. +Demonstrators supervised experiments and tutored students as well as carrying out their own research, and they also offered lectures when women students' access to university lectures was temporarily withdrawn in 1897. An average of forty students per year used the Balfour Laboratory in the 1880s, increasing to about sixty from 1896 when morphology, physics and geology were added to the programme. +The laboratory was refurbished in 1892. By 1910, it had acquired two neighbouring buildings. It contained two floors of laboratories, a lecture room, a greenhouse, and bench space for independent research. +The Balfour laboratory closed for teaching in 1914, by which time women were being admitted to share practical facilities with men, and student numbers were declining due to World War I. The building remained open for women's scientific research until 1927. It also hosted the Department of Biochemistry from 1919 to 1923. + + +== Personnel == +The Balfour Laboratory provided academic posts for women which would have been harder to come by otherwise because, being a designated laboratory for women, it needed to appoint women as demonstrators. This led to several women scientists advancing their careers and completing the research necessary to make publications. + + +=== Directors === +Alice Johnson, demonstrator and director, 1884–1890 +Marion Greenwood, demonstrator in physiology and botany 1884–1888, demonstrator in physiology 1902–3 and head for much of the period 1890–1899 +Edith Saunders, demonstrator in botany 1888–1890 and head 1899–1914 + + +=== Staff === +Source: + +Anna Bateson, demonstrator in botany 1886–7 +Lilian Sheldon, assistant in botany 1886–7 and demonstrator in animal morphology 1893–8 +Laura Russell Howell, demonstrator in animal morphology 1890–2 +Rachel Alcock, demonstrator in animal morphology 1890–1 and 1898–9 and in biology 1903–4 +Helen Klaassen, demonstrator in physics 1891–1901 +Agnes Isabella Mary Elliot, demonstrator in vertebrate morphology 1892–6 +Gertrude Elles, demonstrator in geology 1894–1914 +Elizabeth Dale, assistant in botany 1897–9 +Annie Purcell Sedgwick, assistant in physiology 1897–8 +Elinor Philipps, demonstrator in animal morphology 1898–1902 +Florence Margaret Durham, demonstrator in animal morphology 1898–1900 +Sibille Ford, assistant in animal morphology 1901–2 and in botany 1903–4 +Igerna Sollas, demonstrator in animal morphology and lecturer in animal biology 1902–1912 +Muriel Wheldale, demonstrator in physiological botany 1907–1914 +Mary Gladys Sykes, assistant in botany 1908–9, demonstrator in physiology 1909–10, and demonstrator in vegetable biology 1910–1 +Susila Bonnerjee, demonstrator in physiology 1910–2 +Agnes Robertson, demonstrator in systematic botany 1911–4, continued to use the facilities until 1927 + + +=== Notable students and researchers === +Catherine Durning Holt, who co-authored books on heredity with her husband William Cecil Dampier; studied at Balfour 1889–1892 +Mary Tebb, physiologist, served as assistant to Marion Greenwood 1891–3 +Alice Embleton, biologist, studied at Balfour in 1900 +Dorothea Pertz, botanist, conducted research with Francis Darwin +Gabrielle Matthaei, botanist, conducted research with Frederick Blackman + + +== Notes == + + +== References == \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathurst_studentship-0.md b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathurst_studentship-0.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a75682e41 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathurst_studentship-0.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +--- +title: "Bathurst studentship" +chunk: 1/1 +source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathurst_studentship" +category: "reference" +tags: "science, encyclopedia" +date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:38:29.360126+00:00" +instance: "kb-cron" +--- + +The Bathurst studentship was a fund for graduates of the natural science tripos at the women's colleges at the University of Cambridge to continue their scientific research. +It was established in 1879 by The Hon. Lady Evelyn Selina Bathurst (often called Selina Bathurst, d. 1946). She was the daughter of Allen Bathurst, 6th Earl Bathurst and his second wife Evelyn, née Hankey. She contributed money and equipment for the establishment of the Balfour Biological Laboratory for Women. On 18 June 1898, she married Major George Coryton Lister. They had two children. She died on 16 April 1946. +The Bathurst Studentship, awarded 'from time to time,' was taken up by dozens of women scientists in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Students would work independently, supported by academic supervisors, and were granted bench space in the Balfour Biological Laboratory for Women for their experiments. + + +== Notable recipients == +Florence Eves (1881–2) +Alice Johnson (1882–3) +Marion Greenwood (1883–4) +Anna Bateson (1887–9) +Edith Saunders (1888–9) +Elizabeth Eleanor Field (1891–3) +Mary Tebb (1891–3) +Gertrude Elles (1895) +Ethel Skeat (1895–7) +Mildred Gostling (1899–1900) +Sibille Ford (1900–2) +Ida Smedley (1901–3) +Jessie Slater (1903–5) +Muriel Onslow (1904) +Edith Gertrude Willcock (1904–5) +Annie Homer (1905) +Mary Gladys Sykes (1908–9) +Margaret Hume (1912) +Molly F. Mare (1938) +Nancy Kirk (1939) +June Sutor (1954) +Brigid Hogan (1966) +Rachel Alcock +Mary Bernheim +Dorothy Jordan Lloyd +Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin +Lilian Sheldon + + +== References == \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond_Curie-0.md b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond_Curie-0.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de1f71922 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond_Curie-0.md @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +--- +title: "Beyond Curie" +chunk: 1/1 +source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond_Curie" +category: "reference" +tags: "science, encyclopedia" +date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:38:30.629931+00:00" +instance: "kb-cron" +--- + +Beyond Curie is a portrait series of women who have made significant contributions in STEM fields. As of November 2018, the series features 42 women, including all 18 female Nobel Prize winners in Physics, Chemistry, and Physiology or Medicine. +The series was created by Amanda Phingbodhipakkiya, a former neuroscience researcher and designer who named the project after two-time Nobel prize winner Marie Curie, with the goal of highlighting other important female scientists who are less well known. Beyond Curie has raised $44,172 from 856 backers across two Kickstarter campaigns. + + +== Public exhibits == +Beyond Curie has been on display in an exhibit at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences since March 24, 2017. +Phingbodhipakkiya worked with the March for Science organizers to make special Beyond Curie posters that could be freely downloaded and brought to a rally or protest. +In partnership with Outside, Phingbodhipakkiya developed five portraits specifically focused on women whose work focused on health and the environment. +Phingbodhipakkiya presented some of the Beyond Curie portraits at TEDWomen 2017, where she said the project was "about finding your heroes" and shared stories of female scientists who only learned about some of the historical figures of the series after encountering Beyond Curie. +In September and November 2018, the Beyond Curie posters were displayed in a highway tunnel in Breda, Netherlands by 3 Second Gallery. + + +== Featured women == +As of December 2018, the women featured in the series are: + +Lise Meitner +Katherine Johnson +Chien-Shiung Wu +Margaret Ann Bulkley +Ada Lovelace +Mae Jemison +Rita Levi-Montalcini +Barbara McClintock +Maryam Mirzakhani +Rosalyn Sussman Yalow +Françoise Barré-Sinoussi +Carol Greider +Elizabeth Blackburn +Grace Hopper +May-Britt Moser +Linda Buck +Youyou Tu +Rosalind Franklin +Jocelyn Bell Burnell +Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard +Vera Rubin +Ada Yonath +Sylvia Earle +Rachel Carson +Gertrude B. Elion +Mary Golda Ross +Irène Joliot-Curie +Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin +Farida Bedwei +Lisa Ng +Mildred Dresselhaus +Maria Goeppert-Mayer +Valerie Thomas +Helen Rodriguez-Trias +Esther Lederberg +Inez Fung +Florence Bascom +Dijanna Figueroa +Kalpana Chawla +Rose E. Frisch +Frances Arnold +Donna Strickland + + +== Augmented reality == +In additional to graphic illustration, Phingbodhipakkiya worked with technologists at NC State to develop 3D augmented reality animations for a number of the women, including McClintock, Greider, Blackburn, Joliot-Curie, Johnson, Buck, Ng, Jemison, Mirzakhani, Franklin, Rubin, Dresselhaus, Goeppert-Mayer, Tu, Yalow. The augmented reality animations can be seen using a free mobile app called "Beyond Curie" available on Google Play and App Store. + + +== Recognition == +Beyond Curie has won several awards, including 1st Place in Multimedia / Interactive Media in the 2017 International Design Awards and the Red Dot 2017 design award. +Phingbodhipakkiya was invited to speak about the project to the employees at Google in November 2018. The project was featured in a blog post by venture capitalist and Kickstarter board member Fred Wilson. + + +== References == + + +== External links == +Official website \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coded_Bias-0.md b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coded_Bias-0.md index 476f3aab7..3826bf63e 100644 --- a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coded_Bias-0.md +++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coded_Bias-0.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ chunk: 1/1 source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coded_Bias" category: "reference" tags: "science, encyclopedia" -date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:22:43.134757+00:00" +date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:38:33.122687+00:00" instance: "kb-cron" --- diff --git a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Engineer_Barbie-0.md b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Engineer_Barbie-0.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a21339963 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Engineer_Barbie-0.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +--- +title: "Computer Engineer Barbie" +chunk: 1/1 +source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Engineer_Barbie" +category: "reference" +tags: "science, encyclopedia" +date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:38:34.331879+00:00" +instance: "kb-cron" +--- + +Computer Engineer Barbie is the 126th career version of Mattel's Barbie doll. In response to poll results indicating strong support for computer engineers, the doll set was created and introduced in 2010. In 2014, Mattel apologized for the accompanying book, I Can Be a Computer Engineer, after complaints that it represented Barbie as incompetent in the field, needing the help of men. + + +== Description == +The doll has a pink laptop and a pink smartphone, and is wearing geometric pink glasses, a pink watch, black leggings, a T-shirt decorated with "Barbie" spelled in binary code, a fitted vest with saddle-stitch detailing, pink wedges, and a Bluetooth headset. The packaging included a code to unlock exclusive game content on the Barbie website. Female engineers including Betty Shanahan, CEO of the Society of Women Engineers, and Alice Agogino of the National Academy of Engineering were consulted on her wardrobe and work environment. They suggested that for authenticity she needed "a Coke can and a bag of Doritos" on her desk; she has a coffee cup. One mockup also included a Linux penguin; Barbie is running Linux on her dual-monitor set-up. + + +== History == +In 2010, Mattel invited people to vote for Barbie's 126th career, the first instance of this in the company's history. Voters were able to choose between five choices: computer engineer, architect, environmentalist, news anchor, and surgeon. Although girls preferred news anchor, computer engineer was the most popular choice in online polling, partly because of promotion by the Society of Women Engineers. The two dolls were launched together at the 2010 American International Toy Fair. + + +== Reception == +Many writers for tech publications and other reviewers were encouraged by the choice of career, hoping it would encourage girls to consider careers in computer science. However, the amount of pink, the hairstyle, and the stylish clothes struck some women as unrealistic and stereotyped. +The accompanying book, I Can Be a Computer Engineer, was issued in 2013 together with I Can Be an Actress. The book received extensive criticism, especially beginning in November 2014, for depicting Barbie as relying on two male friends to program the game she is designing. In addition, they need to help her after she accidentally infects her and her sister Skipper's computer with a virus (via the pink heart-shaped USB stick she wears around her neck), after ignoring advice from her (female) computer teacher. +A website was created to enable people to replace segments of the book's text with their own, and Mattel pulled the title from Amazon after many critical reviews. The publisher stated it was being discontinued. A Mattel spokesperson said that the book had first been published in 2010 and was outdated, and the company apologized. The book's Barbie says she's "only creating the design ideas" and that her two male friends will have to do the coding; the author, who proclaimed herself a feminist, said her assignment had been to portray Barbie as a designer and "regrets that she may have let stereotypes slip into the book". +In response to the complaints of the book, Mattel posted an apology on their official Facebook page for Barbie, stating that the "portrayal of Barbie in this specific story doesn't reflect the Brand's vision for what Barbie stands for." + + +== References == \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django_Girls-0.md b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django_Girls-0.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dcf031578 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django_Girls-0.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +--- +title: "Django Girls" +chunk: 1/1 +source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django_Girls" +category: "reference" +tags: "science, encyclopedia" +date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:38:35.493958+00:00" +instance: "kb-cron" +--- + +Django Girls is an international non-profit organization started by two Polish women, Ola Sitarska and Ola Sendecka, to inspire women from all backgrounds to get interested in technology and to become programmers, offering a safe and friendly environment. It is known for the free workshops it hosts to help women to learn to program and for its Django tutorial. It is often supported by the Python Software Foundation, and they often hold sessions at the Python Conference. + + +== History == +The first Django Girls workshop, which kicked off Django Girls, happened during EuroPython 2014, in Berlin. Ola Sitarska and Ola Sendecka decided to use Django and Python because both are open source code platforms, which may help women developing their own ideas. Since then, the initiative has spread worldwide, reaching countries like Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Ghana, Nigeria, United Kingdom, Peru, United States, Zimbabwe and many others. + + +== Tutorial == +The tutorial, which teaches how to create and deploy a blog application using Django, is maintained and updated by the Django Girls community, using Github. As of May 2018, the Django Girls tutorial has been published online in 14 languages besides its original English version. As of May 2018, more than 1,000,000 users have visited its website. + + +== Django Girls workshops == +Using a manual provided by the organization, Django Girls volunteers offer free one or two days workshops in many cities of the world, usually held during weekends. It is aimed at complete beginners, teaching about HTML, CSS, Python and Django. As of May 2018, 414 cities across 90 countries have hosted Django Girls workshops, with Accra, Athens, Florence, Kathmandu, Lagos, Lahore, Oxford, and São José dos Campos among them. As of May 2018, over 14,000 women have attended Django Girls workshops held across the globe. + + +== References == + + +== External links == +Official website \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_M._Curtis_Outstanding_Woman_in_Science_Award-0.md b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_M._Curtis_Outstanding_Woman_in_Science_Award-0.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..779b6c39e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_M._Curtis_Outstanding_Woman_in_Science_Award-0.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--- +title: "Doris M. Curtis Outstanding Woman in Science Award" +chunk: 1/1 +source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_M._Curtis_Outstanding_Woman_in_Science_Award" +category: "reference" +tags: "science, encyclopedia" +date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:38:36.953396+00:00" +instance: "kb-cron" +--- + +The Doris M. Curtis Outstanding Woman in Science Award, also known as the Subaru Outstanding Woman in Science Award is a prize given annually by the Geological Society of America to "...women who have made a significant impact on the geosciences with their Ph.D. research." The award is named in memory of Doris Malkin Curtis, first female president of the GSA, and sponsored by Subaru. +Recipients of the award are listed below. + + +== References == \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Brunskill-0.md b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Brunskill-0.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..733b8da1b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Brunskill-0.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +--- +title: "Susan Brunskill" +chunk: 1/1 +source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Brunskill" +category: "reference" +tags: "science, encyclopedia" +date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:38:31.928946+00:00" +instance: "kb-cron" +--- + +Sue Brunskill is a Landcare community leader, and was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia, General Division, for her leadership and services to the environment. She has 35 years experience in bushland conservation and land management. + + +== Early life == +Brunskill's early life and childhood took place on a farm near Wagga Wagga, in Borambola. She was a volunteer within the Wooragee Primary School for 15 years, and then a volunteer at the Horticultural business, Amenity Horticulture. + + +== Career == +Brunskill was a teacher of Natural Resource Management, at the TAFE of Thurgoona. She is a bush regenerator, both teaching and conducting bush regeneration and Bush Care, in various groups around Albury Wodonga. Brunskill has been a community leader for longer than 30 years, and has been working to conserve the native flora and fauna species on her 50 ha property in Wooragee, located in the north-east region of Victoria. She is the president and has been working with the Wooragee Landcare Group (WLG), a group who removes invasive species which outcompete native vegetation. Her knowledge, combined with her enthusiasm for conservation, has supported local gardeners, farmers, and local people to understand the impact they can have on the biodiversity, water quality, erosion and weeds located in the region. Projects she has worked on include an indigenous fire knowledge sharing session for a Landcare Project, as well as driving the silver banksia seed production project, and developing a guide to local fungi. She uses various projects and events to show how bush regeneration and landcare can be relevant to the general population, and enrich their lives. + + +== Media == +Brunskill has appeared on Gardening Australia, as a representative of her role at Wooragee Landcare. + + +== Publications == +Brunskill has worked on the production of, and co-ordinated the production of two books or booklets: +Albury-Wodonga Regional Parklands & Monument Hill Parklands Association & Albury/Wodonga Field Naturalists Club. (1997). Along the bush tracks Albury-Wodonga : including plants, birds and walking trails. Albury, N.S.W. : Albury-Wodonga Regional Parklands. +Bush Invaders - identification and control of an environmental weeds of Aubury Wodonga and surrounds. + + +== Awards == +2025 - King's Birthday Honours. +2021 - High commendation - Victorian Landcare. + + +== References == \ No newline at end of file