Scrape wikipedia-science: 745 new, 885 updated, 1676 total (kb-cron)

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_Lord_Rayleigh_Medal_and_Prize-0.md

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+---
+title: "John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh Medal and Prize"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_Lord_Rayleigh_Medal_and_Prize"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:10:50.775156+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh Medal and Prize is an award of the UK-based Institute of Physics (IOP) for "distinguished contributions to theoretical (including mathematical and computational) physics". The award, named in honour of Lord Rayleigh, consists of a medal with £1,000 and a certificate.
+The John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh Medal and Prize (established in 2008) should not be confused with the Rayleigh Medal, which was established by the Institute of Acoustics in 1970.
+
+
+== Recipients ==
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagoras_Award-0.md

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+---
+title: "Pythagoras Award"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagoras_Award"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:10:47.309955+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Pythagoras Award, or The Pythagoras Prize, or The Pitagor Prize (named after Pythagoras - a Greek philosopher, mathematician and scientist, Bulgarian: Награда Питагор), established in 2008, is an award given annually to Bulgarian nationals by the Ministry of Science and Education of Bulgaria in recognition for outstanding scientific achievements.
+The Pythagoras Prizes are the most prestigious Scientific awards in Bulgaria, frequently referred as the Bulgarian Nobel Prizes. There are several categories each with its own award.  The Pythagoras statuettes symbolize The Third Eye which provides perception beyond ordinary sight. The statuettes are designed by the famous Bulgarian sculptor Georgi Chapkanov.
+
+
+== Categories ==
+1. Pythagoras Grand Prize for Seminal Contribution to Advancement of Science
+2. Pythagoras Grand Prize for Principal Investigator of International Synergy Project
+3. Pythagoras Grand Prize for Young Scientist
+4. Pythagoras Prize for Distinguished Scientist in Natural Science and Engineering
+5. Pythagoras Prize for Distinguished Scientist in Physiology and Medicine
+6. Pythagoras Prize for Distinguished Scientist in Humanities and Social Science
+7. Pythagoras Prize for Bulgarian Scientist abroad for Seminal Contribution to Science
+8. Pythagoras Prize for Scientific Team with Successful Commercialization of Scientific Results
+9. Pythagoras Prize for Scientific Book
+10. Pythagoras Prize for Company with the Largest Endowment to Science
+
+
+== Recipients ==
+Year 2016 
+Prof. Elka Bakalova
+Prof. Peter Kralchevski
+Dr. Antonia Toncheva
+Prof. Vladimir Bozhinov
+Prof. Irini Doichinova
+Prof. Ivaylo Turnev
+Prof. Veselin Petrov
+Dr. Aleksander Kumurdzhiev
+Prof. Nikolay Nihrizov
+Dr. Milen Vrabevski
+Prof. Tenio Popmintchev
+Year 2014
+Prof. Plamen Ch. Ivanov
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiu_Shi_Science_and_Technology_Prize-0.md

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+---
+title: "Qiu Shi Science and Technology Prize"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiu_Shi_Science_and_Technology_Prize"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:10:48.502853+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Qiu Shi Prizes (simplified Chinese: 求是奖; traditional Chinese: 求是獎) are awarded on an annual basis in recognition of advances in science and technology. The Qiu Shi Science and Technology Foundation was established by Cha Chi Ming (查濟民) (1914–2007) in 1994 in Hong Kong, with the intention of promoting science and technology research in China, and to encourage and reward successful Chinese scientists and scholars. Prizes are awarded each year Prize categories include Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Mathematics or Information Technology.
+Qiu Shi (Chinese: 求是; pronounced ch-OO/sh-ER) means "seeking truth". The Qiu Shi Foundation was named after Qiu Shi Academy (Chinese: 求是书院) in Hangzhou, which was subsequently renamed Zhejiang University (浙江大学). Qiu Shi Science and Technology Foundation is not related to the Qiushi journal, the political theory periodical.
+
+
+== Founder/Foundation ==
+Cha Chi-ming, GBM, JP, was born in 1914, in Haining County, Jiaxing, Zhejiang province. He studied textile technology and graduated from Zhejiang University in 1931. Cha built a multinational textile conglomerate. He was the chairman of CDW International Limited, The Mingly Corporation Limited and Hong Kong Resort International Limited. With his family, he donated US$20 million in 1994 to establish the award.
+
+
+== The Qiu Shi Advisory Board ==
+Members:
+Chen Ning Yang (a Nobel laureate in physics),
+Zhou Guangzhao (physicist, and honorary chairman of China Association for Science and Technology),
+Yuan T. Lee (a Nobel laureate in chemistry),
+Yuet Wai Kan (genetic researcher),
+David Ho (physician and innovator of the "cocktail" therapy for HIV),
+Andrew Yao (computer scientist and the first Asian A.M. Turing Award recipient).
+
+
+== Prize types ==
+Alumni
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website at the Wayback Machine (archived 1 August 2012)

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramón_Margalef_Award_for_Excellence_in_Education-0.md

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+---
+title: "Ramón Margalef Award for Excellence in Education"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramón_Margalef_Award_for_Excellence_in_Education"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:10:49.651721+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Ramón Margalef Award for Excellence in Education was launched in 2008 by the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography to recognize innovations and excellence in teaching and mentoring students in the fields of limnology and oceanography. Criteria for the award requires "adherence to the highest standards of excellence" in pedagogy as well as verification that the teaching techniques have furthered the field of aquatic science. The award is not affiliated with the Ramon Margalef Prize in Ecology, often referred to as the Ramon Margalef Award, given by the Generalitat de Catalunya in Barcelona. The award has been presented annually since 2009.
+
+
+== Winners ==
+The winners have included:
+
+The information in this table is from the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography.
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear_Admiral_William_S._Parsons_Award-0.md

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+---
+title: "Rear Admiral William S. Parsons Award"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear_Admiral_William_S._Parsons_Award"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:10:52.081604+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Rear Admiral William S. Parsons Award for Scientific and Technical Progress is awarded each year by the Navy League of the United States to a Navy or Marine Corps officer, enlisted person or civilian, who has made an outstanding contribution in any field of science that has furthered the development and progress of the US Navy or Marine Corps. The award is named for Admiral William Sterling Parsons. The award is presented with a certificate and a watch along with other Professional Excellence Awards (Sea Service Awards) at the National Convention of the Navy League of the United States.
+The award is described by the Navy League of the United States as:
+"The Rear Admiral William S. Parsons Award is named for Admiral Parsons in recognition of his dedication to all aspects of scientific and technical advances and who was responsible to a marked degree for ensuring that the U.S. Navy remained in operational consonance with the ever-shifting and increasing demands of the changing world.
+Presented since 1957, this award for scientific and technical progress is awarded to a Navy or Marine Corps officer, enlisted person or civilian who has made an outstanding contribution in any field of science that has furthered the development and progress of the Navy or Marine
+Corps."
+
+
+== List of award winners ==
+The following is the list of recipients:
+
+
+== Notes ==
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Navy League of the United States
+Navy League of the United States Award Program

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redi_Award-0.md

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+---
+title: "Redi Award"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redi_Award"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:10:53.424775+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Redi Award is an international science award given to scientists who have made significant contributions in toxinology, the scientific study of venoms, poisons and toxins. The award is sponsored by the International Society on Toxinology (ISI).
+
+
+== Origin ==
+Osservazioni intorno alle vipere (Observations about the Viper) written by an Italian polymath Francesco Redi in 1664 is regarded as the milestone in the beginning of toxinology research. Redi was the first scientist to elucidate the scientific basis of snakebite and venom of the viper. He showed for the first time that the viper venom comes from the fang, not the gallbladder as it was believed; that it is not poisonous when swallowed, and effective only when it enters the  bloodstream. He even demonstrated the possibility of slowing down the venom action in the blood by tight ligature before the wound. This work is heralded as the foundation of toxinology. In honour of the pioneer, the International Society on Toxinology (ISI) instituted the Redi Award in 1967 in recognition of scientists for their significant contributions in toxinology research.
+
+
+== Nature of the award ==
+The IST awards scientists or clinicians who have made outstanding contributions to the field of toxinology. The award is given at each World Congress of the Society, which is generally held every three years. It is the highest award bestowed by the society and the most prestigious in the world for toxinologists. Selection for the award is made by the Redi Award Committee chaired by the editor of Toxicon (the official journal of IST) and accompanied by past and present Executive Officers of the society and former Redi awardees. The result is only announced at the World Congress. The recipient is then invited to present a lecture of his/her own choosing, officially called the Redi Lecture, to the congress. The Award consists of a framed citation describing the merits of the awardee and a financial assistance to help cover expenses associated with attendance at the meeting.
+
+
+== Recipients ==
+The inaugural award was presented in 1967.
+
+
+== See also ==
+List of biology awards
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+International Society on Toxinology homepage Archived 2013-10-04 at the Wayback Machine
+Alternative IST Homepage

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_Parasite_Award-0.md

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+---
+title: "Research Parasite Award"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_Parasite_Award"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:10:54.762767+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Research Parasite Award is an honor given annually at the Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing to recognize scientists who study previously published data in ways not anticipated by the researchers who first generated it. The tongue-in-cheek name of the award refers to a New England Journal of Medicine editorial that coined the term "research parasite" to disparage such work. The idea was first suggested on Twitter by Iowa State University researcher Iddo Friedberg shortly after the editorial was published, and was then initiated by Casey Greene, a pharmacologist at the University of Pennsylvania.
+Two Research Parasite Awards are given to recognize scientists who have made outstanding and rigorous contributions to analysis of secondary data in biology. Recipients must reuse data generated by someone else to extend, replicate, or disprove a research study in a reproducible manner. The junior parasite award recognizes an outstanding contribution from an early career scientist such as a postdoctoral, graduate, or undergraduate trainee. The senior parasitism award recognizes an individual who has engaged in exemplary research parasitism for a sustained period of time. Since the launch of the award in 2017, a travel grant to attend the Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing has been provided to the junior parasite award winner by GigaScience. Starting for the 2019 award year the awards are supported in part by an endowment housed at the University of Pennsylvania.  
+
+The Research Symbiont Awards, inspired by the Research Parasite Award, was founded by J. Brian Byrd, a physician-scientist at the University of Michigan. Recognizing exemplars in the practice of data sharing, they are given to scientists working in any area of study who have shared data beyond the expectations of their field. Unlike a parasite, naming the data sharing award after symbionts helps stress that this process can be mutually beneficial to the data producing "host" because it increases the scientific impact of their investigators. From 2021 the award has been sponsored by the Wellcome Trust and Dragon Master Foundation. The 2021 winners of the General Symbionts prize were Zhang Yongzhen and Edward C. Holmes for their sharing of the sequence of the first SARSCov2 genome.
+
+
+== Nomination and selection procedures ==
+Recipients self-nominate using a letter that references their published manuscripts that exemplify data reuse in a manner that enhances reproducibility. These published manuscripts should describe original scientific research that involves data re-use, or the secondary analysis of shared data and that extend, replicate, or disprove the results from the original manuscript describing the data.
+The nomination materials are reviewed by the Selection Committee, which is made up of at least 3 four-year term positions as well as the past two recipients of the Sustained Parasitism award.
+
+
+== Award laureates ==
+
+2017
+
+Kun-Hsing Yu – Junior Parasite
+Erick Turner – Sustained Parasitism
+2018
+
+Uri Ben-David – Junior Parasite
+Julie Dunning Hotopp – Sustained Parasitism
+2019
+
+Claire Duvallet – Junior Parasite
+Rafael Irizarry – Sustained Parasitism
+2020
+
+Ayush Raman – Junior Parasite
+Kelley Harris – Sustained Parasitism
+2021
+
+Nicolás Nieto – Junior Parasite
+Jordi Paps – Sustained Parasitism
+2022
+
+Jack Pilgrim – Junior Parasite
+A. Murat Eren – Sustained Parasitism
+2023
+
+Michael Skinnider – Junior Parasite
+Benoit Ballester – Sustained Parasitism
+2024
+
+Gina Turco – Junior Parasite
+Sushma Naithani – Sustained Parasitism
+2025
+
+Wout Bittremieux – Junior Parasite
+
+
+== See also ==
+List of general science and technology awards
+List of awards in bioinformatics and computational biology
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+The Research Parasite Awards
+The Research Symbiont Awards
+PSB Home Page

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Society_of_Sciences_and_Letters-0.md

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+---
+title: "Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters"
+chunk: 1/2
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Society_of_Sciences_and_Letters"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:10:57.363685+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (Danish: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab, DKNVS) is a Norwegian learned society based in Trondheim. It was founded in 1760 and is Norway's oldest scientific and scholarly institution. The society's Protector is King Harald V of Norway. Its membership consists of no more than 435 members elected for life among the country's most prominent scholars and scientists.
+The society’s Danish name predates both written standards for Norwegian and has remained unchanged after Norway’s independence from Denmark in 1814 and the spelling reforms of the 20th century.
+
+== History ==
+DKNVS was founded in 1760 by the bishop of Nidaros Johan Ernst Gunnerus, headmaster at the Trondheim Cathedral School Gerhard Schøning and Councillor of State Peter Frederik Suhm under the name Det Trondhiemske Selskab (the Trondheim Society). From 1761 it published academic papers in a series titled Skrifter. It was the northernmost learned society in the world, and was established in a time when Norway did not have universities or colleges.
+It received the royal affirmation of its statutes on 17 July 1767, and was given its present name at a ceremony on 29 January 1788, king Christian VII of Denmark's birthday. In 1771, when Johann Friedrich Struensee took over the de facto rule of Denmark-Norway, Johan Ernst Gunnerus was summoned to Copenhagen, where he was given the mission to establish a university in Norway. Gunnerus did not suggest that the university be established in Trondhjem, but in southern Christianssand (Kristiansand), due to its proximity to Jutland. If this happened, he would have the Society of Sciences and Letters moved to Christianssand, to correspond with the new university. However, the plan was never carried out. Struensee's reign ended in 1772, but he reportedly dismissed the plan before this. (Kristiansand got its university in 2007.)
+The society was housed in the premises of Trondheim Cathedral School until 1866, when it acquired its own localities. Since 1903 its main task was to run a museum. In 1926 there was a split in which the museum became a separate entity, receiving the assets of the learned society. Also in 1926, another publication series Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab Forhandlinger was inaugurated. Ownership of the museum was transferred to the University of Trondheim in 1968, today the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, but DKNVS re-received some assets in a 1984 reorganization, and now controls these assets through the foundation DKNVSS.
+A history of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters was written in 1960 by Hans Midbøe, and released in two volumes.
+In connection with the 250th anniversary of the Society, Håkon With Andersen, Brita Brenna, Magne Njåstad, and Astrid Wale wrote an updated history.
+Also, Arild Stubhaug wrote a shorter history, prepared for a general audience.
+
+== Organisation ==
+The board of directors consists of seven people, five men and two women. It is led by praeses Steinar Supphellen and vice-praeses Kristian Fossheim. Other board members are Hanna Mustaparta, Britt Dale, Ola Dale, Joar Grimsbu and Asbjørn Moen. The daily administration is led by a secretary-general; Kristian Overskaug. The board is responsible for awarding the Gunnerus Medal for academic achievement. The medal was inaugurated in 1927.
+Before 1815, the sitting King held the title of praeses, while the highest-ranked non-royal member was vice praeses. In the tradition of Gunnerus the bishop, the latter post was filled by clerics until 1820, when Christian Krohg took the seat. From 1815 the King holds the title of "protector". Today King Harald V of Norway is protector of the society.
+Members of the learned society are divided into two divisions, Letters and Sciences. In 2005 there were 470 members, of whom 134 were foreign. This is a marked increase from 1996, when it had 399 members, of whom 94 were foreign.
+
+== Awards ==
+The society awards the following prizes:
+
+=== Gunnerus Sustainability Science Award ===
+The Gunnerus Sustainability Science Award is the society's highest award. It is awarded for outstanding scientific work that promotes sustainable development globally. As of 2017 the prize is awarded by DKNVS in collaboration with the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
+The award was established in 2012, as a cooperation between DKNVS, Sparebanken Midt-Norge and the foundation Technoport. It is named after the Norwegian scientist and bishop Johan Ernst Gunnerus, and consists of a cash award of 1,000,000 Norwegian kroner.
+The first laureate was announced in February 2012, and the prize was handed over the 17 April in Olavshallen in Trondheim, Norway during the conference Technoport 2012.
+Laureates are:
+
+2017: The ecologist Carl Folke.
+2012: The biologist Kamal Bawa for his pioneering work on population biology in rainforest areas.
+
+=== The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters annual prize for young researchers ===
+This award is funded by I. K. Lykke. The prize is awarded annually to two people under 40 years who are "Norwegian researchers or foreign researchers at the Norwegian research institutions that have demonstrated outstanding talent, originality and effort, and who have achieved excellent results in their fields". 
+
+Awardees are:

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Society_of_Sciences_and_Letters-1.md

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+---
+title: "Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters"
+chunk: 2/2
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Society_of_Sciences_and_Letters"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:10:57.363685+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+1999 Baard Kasa (science) and Kaja Borthen (humanities)
+2000 Ørjan Johansen (science) and Toril Aalberg (humanities)
+2001 Magne Lygren (science) and Marianne Ryghaug (humanities)
+2002 Alexander Øhrn (science) and Tanja Ellingsenand (humanities)
+2003 Sigurd Weidemann Løvseth (science) and Cathrine Brun (humanities)
+2004 Bård Gunnar Stokke (science) and Anne Beate Maurseth (humanities)
+2005 Sigurd Einum (science) and Dag Trygve Truslew Haug (humanities)
+2006 Marianne Fyhn (science), Torkel Hafting Fyhn (science) and Halvard Buhaug, (humanities)
+2007 Marit Sletmoen (science)
+2008 Jill Kristin Lautgeb (science) and Jo Jakobsen (humanities)
+2009 Xavier Raynaud (science) and Terje Andreas Eikemo (humanities)
+2010 Petter Andreas Bergh (science), Jacob Linder (science) and Jon Hernes Fiva (humanities)
+2011 Simen Ådnøy Ellingsen (science) and Thomas Hegghammer (humanities)
+2012 Sverre Magnus Selbach (science) and Martin Wåhlberg (humanities)
+2013 Yasser Roudi (science) and Theresa M. Olasveengen (science)
+2014 Andriy Bondarenko (science) and Terje Lohndal (humanities)
+2015 Steffen Oppermann (science) and Ivar Berg (humanities)
+2016 Jannike Solsvik (science) and Siv Gøril Brandtzæg (humanities)
+2017 David Bassett (science) and Mats Ingulstad (humanities)
+2018 Marie Elisabeth Rognes (science) and Trond Nordfjærn (humanities)
+
+=== The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters scientific annual prize ===
+Source:
+
+1984 Linda R. White and Terje Espevik
+1985 Jan Ragnar Hagland, Eivin Røskaft and Trond E. Ellingsen
+1986 Lisa Jacobsen and Jarle Mork
+1987 Håkon With Andersen and Randi  Eidsmo Reinertsen
+1988 Dagfinn Berntzen and Berit Kjeldstad
+1989 Arne Sandvik and Bernt-Erik Saether
+1990 Yngvar Olsen and Karin Gjøl Hagen
+1991 Tore C. Stiles and Jarle Hjelen
+1992 Øyvind Solberg and Eirik Helseth
+1993 Tor Anders Åfarli and Halvor Kjørholt
+1995 Jon Thomas Kringlebotn and Tor Grande
+1996 Stig Arild Slørdahl and Geir Johnsen
+1997 Magne Sætersdal and Baard Pedersen
+1998 Jarle André Haugan
+1999 May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser
+2000 Rolf Hobson
+2001 Jonathan W. Moses and Erlend Rønnekleiv
+2002 Johannes Skaar and Jarle Tufto
+
+== Heads of the society ==
+This is a list of the heads of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters:
+
+Protector (praeses until 1815)
+1772–1805: Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark-Norway
+1805–1814: Crown Prince Christian Frederick of Denmark-Norway
+1814–1815: vacant
+1815–1818: Crown Prince Charles III John of Norway and Sweden
+1818–1859: Oscar I of Norway and Sweden
+1859–1872: Charles IV of Norway and Sweden
+1872–1905: Oscar II of Norway and Sweden
+1906–1957: Haakon VII of Norway
+1957–1991: Olav V of Norway
+1991–present: Harald V of Norway
+Praeses (vice praeses until 1815)
+1766–1773: Johan Ernst Gunnerus
+1773–1780: Ole Irgens
+1780–1791: Christian Frederik Hagerup
+1791–1803: Johan Christian Schønheyder
+1804–1820: Peter Olivarius Bugge
+1820–1828: Christian Krohg
+1829–1832: Niels Stockfleth Schultz
+1832–1832: Frederik Christoffer, greve af Trampe
+1833–1838: Christian Hersleb Hornemann
+1838–1851: Frederik Moltke Bugge
+1851–1855: Hans Jørgen Darre
+1855–1865: Christian Petersen
+1865–1870: Andreas Grimelund
+1870–1872: Hans Jørgen Darre
+1872–1874: Andreas Grimelund
+1874–1883: Bernhard Ludvig Essendrop
+1883–1897: Karl Ditlev Rygh
+1897–1899: Johannes Sejersted
+1899–1902: Knud H. Lossius
+1903–1914: Bjarne Lysholm
+1914–1926: Axel Sommerfelt
+1926–1933: Halfdan Bryn
+1933–1945: Ragnvald Iversen
+1946–1946: Viggo Brun
+1946–1949: Ragnvald Iversen
+1950–1958: Thorolf Vogt
+1958–1965: Harald Wergeland
+1966–1973: Tord Godal
+1974–1981: Sigmund Selberg
+1982–1989: Grethe Authén Blom
+1990–1995: Haakon Olsen
+1996–1999: Peder Borgen
+2000–2004: Karsten Jakobsen
+2005–2010: Steinar Supphellen
+2010–2013: Kristian Fossheim
+2013–2013: Jan Ragnar Hagland
+2014–2016: Helge Holden
+2017-2019: Ida Bull
+2020-present May Thorseth
+
+== See also ==
+Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, another Norwegian learned society
+
+== References ==
+
+== External links ==
+Official website

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Varian_Prize-0.md

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+---
+title: "Russell Varian Prize"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Varian_Prize"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:10:58.537385+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Russell Varian Prize was an international scientific prize awarded for a single, high-impact and innovative contribution in the field of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), that laid the foundation for the development of new technologies in the field. It honored the memory of Russell Varian, the pioneer behind the creation of the first commercial NMR spectrometer and the co-founder, in 1948, of Varian Associates, one of the first high-tech companies in Silicon Valley. The prize carried a monetary award of €15,000 and it was awarded annually between the years 2002 and 2015 (except for 2003) by a committee of experts in the field. The award ceremony alternated between the European Magnetic Resonance (EUROMAR) Conference and the International Council on Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems (ICMRBS) Conference. Originally, the prize was sponsored by Varian, Inc. and later by Agilent Technologies, after the latter acquired Varian, Inc. in 2010. The prize was discontinued in 2016 after Agilent Technologies closed its NMR division.
+
+
+== Russell Varian Prize Awardees ==
+2002 Jean Jeener. Contribution: Multi-dimensional Fourier NMR spectroscopy. Jeener, J. (September 1971). Lecture. Ampère International Summer School II. Basko Polje, Yugoslavia.
+2004 Erwin L. Hahn. Contribution: Spin echo phenomena and experiments.
+2005 Nicolaas Bloembergen. Contribution: Nuclear magnetic relaxation.
+2006 John S. Waugh. Contribution: Average Hamiltonian theory.
+2007 Alfred G. Redfield. Contribution: Relaxation Theory.
+2008 Alexander Pines. Contribution: Cross-polarization method for NMR in solids.
+2009 Albert W. Overhauser. Contribution: Nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE).
+2010 Martin Karplus. Contribution: Karplus equation.
+2011 Gareth A. Morris. Contribution: INEPT pulse sequence.
+2012 Ray Freeman and Weston A. Anderson. Contribution: Double resonance.
+2013 Lucio Frydman. Contribution: Ultrafast NMR.
+2014 Ad Bax. Contribution: Homonuclear broad band decoupled absorption spectra.
+2015 Malcolm Levitt. Contribution: Composite pulses.
+
+
+== See also ==
+List of physics awards
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rössler_Prize-0.md

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+---
+title: "Rössler Prize"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rössler_Prize"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:10:56.069681+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Rössler Prize, offered by the ETH Zurich Foundation, is a monetary prize that has been awarded annually since 2009 to a promising young tenured professor of the ETH Zurich in the middle of an accelerating career. The prize of 200,000 Swiss Francs is financed by the returns from an endowment made by Max Rössler, an alumnus of the ETH. The prize money has to be used for the research of the laureate.
+
+
+== Laureates ==
+2009: Nenad Ban, Microbiology
+2010: Gerald Haug, Geology of Climate
+2011: Andreas Wallraff, Solid State Physics
+2012: Nicola Spaldin, Material Science
+2013: Olivier Voinnet, RNA Biology
+2014: Christian Wolfrum, Health Sciences and Technology
+2015: David J. Norris, Mechanical and Process Engineering
+2016: Christophe Copéret, Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
+2017: Olga Sorkine-Hornung, Computer Science
+2018: Philippe Block, Architecture
+2019: Maksym Kovalenko, Inorganic chemistry/Nanotechnology
+2020: Paola Picotti, Biology
+2021: Andreas Krause (computer scientist), Machine Learning
+2022: Tanja Stadler, Mathematics and Computational evolutionary biology
+2023: Siddhartha Mishra, Mathematics
+2024: Marco Hutter, Robotics
+2025: Florian Dörfler, Control engineering
+
+
+== See also ==
+Science and technology in Switzerland
+Prizes named after people
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website