Scrape wikipedia-science: 896 new, 934 updated, 1880 total (kb-cron)

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugscope-0.md

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+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:16:31.407157+00:00"
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data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_the_Public_Understanding_of_Science-0.md

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-date_saved: "2026-05-05T03:24:10.327417+00:00"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:16:32.776957+00:00"
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data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czexpats_in_Science-0.md

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+---
+title: "Czexpats in Science"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czexpats_in_Science"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:16:33.919023+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Czexpats in Science is an organization founded in 2018 with the aim of connecting Czech scientists who are currently working overseas and those who have come back to the Czech Republic after gaining experience abroad.
+
+
+== Objectives and activity ==
+The initiative's core mission is to foster connections among Czech scientists overseas, facilitate information sharing, and aid the return of Czech scientists to their homeland. The organization's activities encompass both online and offline aspects.
+Online activities are primarily centred around the Map of Scientists project, which highlights the workplaces of 290 Czech scientists across 37 countries worldwide (as of March 2020). Additionally, the organization produces blogs detailing individual researchers' experiences abroad and short articles aimed at popularizing the achievements of Czech scientists overseas.
+Offline activities include the annual pre-Christmas gathering of scientists in the Czech Republic, local meetings of Czech researchers in various countries, and the organization of workshops aimed at supporting Czech students' international journeys.
+
+
+== Support and cooperation ==
+The association is supported from various sources, including the Experientia Foundation, the Neuron Foundation for the Support of Science, as well as contributions from private companies and crowdfunding via darujme.cz. Collaboratively, the association partners with several Czech universities, the information portal vedavyzkum.cz, and the magazine Vesmír.
+Furthermore, the association plays a pivotal role in policy development, collaborating with institutions such as the Senate and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to shape expatriate policies. It also actively participated in the National Round Table on Science Policy in May 2019. and participated in the National Round Table on Science Policy in May 2019.
+
+
+== European context ==
+In Central and Eastern European countries, the issue of a brain drain, including scientists, is a significant concern. This phenomenon has been exacerbated, especially after the V4 states joined the Schengen area. Similar initiatives are emerging in neighboring countries to address this challenge. For instance, in Poland, there's the Polonium Foundation, and in Slovakia, the Žijemvedu civic association. These organizations share the common goal of shifting the trend from a one-way flow of human capital out of the country to a more circular movement, encouraging scientists to return to their homeland or enabling those abroad to contribute positively to their home country's scientific landscape, even from a distance.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Intellectual inbreeding
+Bologna Process
+Diaspora
+Emigration
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+
+Czexpats blogs published on vedavyzkum.cz (in Czech)
+Map of the places of work of Czech scientists abroad (in Czech)
+Article about the association in The Czech & Slovak Leaders Magazine
+The association's official Twitter account (in Czech)
+YouTube channel of the association (in Czech)
+Czexpats analysis of GA CR grants 2020 (in Czech)

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DoITPoMS-0.md

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+---
+title: "DoITPoMS"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DoITPoMS"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:16:35.149156+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Dissemination of IT for the Promotion of Materials Science (DoITPoMS) is a web-based educational software resource designed to facilitate the teaching and learning of Materials science, at the tertiary level for free.
+
+
+== History ==
+The DoITPoMS project originated in the early 1990s, incorporating customized online sources into the curriculum of the Materials Science courses in the Natural Sciences Tripos of the University Cambridge. The initiative became formalized in 2000, with the start of a project supported by the UK national Fund for the Development of Teaching and Learning (FDTL). This was led by the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy at the University of Cambridge with five partner institutions, including the University of Leeds, London Metropolitan University, the University of Manchester, Oxford Brookes University, and the University of Sheffield. This period of cooperation lasted for about 10 years.
+The FDTL project was aimed at building on expertise concerning the use of Information Technology (IT) to enhance the student learning experience and to disseminate these techniques within the Materials Education community in the UK and globally. This was done by creating an archive of background information, such as video clips, micrographs, simulations, etc, and libraries of teaching and learning packages (TLPs) that covers a particular topic, which were designed both for independent usage by students and as a teaching aid for educators. A vital feature of these packages is a high level of user interactivity.
+DoITPoMS has no commercial sponsors and no advertising is permitted on the site. The background science to the resources within DoITPoMS has all been input by unpaid volunteers, most of whom have been academics based in universities. A single person retains responsibility for a particular resource, and these people are credited to the site. While the logo of University of Cambridge does appear on the site, is content is available freely and licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 UK.
+
+
+== Format and usage ==
+
+The set of resources currently available on the site comprises Libraries of TLPs (~75), Micrographs (~900), Video clips (~150), Lecture demonstration packages (5), and Stand-alone simulations (2). These all have slightly different purposes, and the modes of usage cover a wide range. In each TLP, several simulations typically allow the user to input data to visualise the characteristics of particular effects or phenomena. This is to enable students to explore areas in their way and facilitates the creation of exercises by educators. Each TLP has a set of questions at the end, designed to test whether the main points of the TLP have been understood.
+The TLPs cover many diverse topics within the broad field of Materials science, ranging from basics, such as crystal structures and thermal conduction, to more applied areas, such as the design and functioning of batteries and fuel cells. Tools such as X-ray diffraction and the finite element method are also included. Many, although not all, of these topics, go into greater depth and are designed explicitly as educational resources.
+Approximately half a million users accessed the site in 2021.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+DoITPoMS on Flicker.
+DoITPoMS on YouTube.

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EC1_Science_and_Technology_Center_in_Łódź-0.md

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+---
+title: "EC1 Science and Technology Center in Łódź"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EC1_Science_and_Technology_Center_in_Łódź"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:16:37.598912+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+EC1 Science and Technology Centre is a science centre located in the former Heat Power Station in Łódź, Poland. Primarily Łódź Power Station (Polish: Elektrownia Łódzka) was a first city power station producing electricity for citizens. Operational since 1907, expanded in 1929, worked till 2000 and regarded as a historical monument due to its architectural values. Revitalised since 2010 and adapted for cultural and educational purposes.
+The exhibition was opened on 7 January 2018 and it is a part of the EC1 Łódź - City of Culture complex. The institution is co-run by the City of Łódź and the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage.
+The name EC1 is an acronym referring to the later, but also to the historical name of the facility, i.e. the Heat and Power Station No. 1 in Łódź (Polish: Elektrociepłownia nr 1 w Łodzi).
+The science centre is addressed to a wide audience to popularising science, technology and allow visitors to perform experiments including: acoustics, electromagnetism, magnetism, fluid mechanics, optics, thermal conductivity, radioactivity.
+
+
+== Exhibition ==
+The exhibition area is over 18 000 m2 and the total cost of equipment was PLN 45.5 million (about €10.4M), of which nearly PLN 18.4 million (about €4.2M) is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund
+The permanent exhibition consists of three thematic paths: "Conversion of energy", "Development of knowledge and civilization" and "Microworld - Macroworld". The exposition includes an auditorium, 3D spherical cinema and laboratory spaces divided according to the theme of the paths
+Energy conversion path - The historical and technical path, focuses on the original character of the site at the different periods and presents of the energy conversion based on a conventional coal-fired thermal power station.
+The historical part of the path includes: stories of former employees, archival materials, history of the place from the beginning to the present, historical context of Lodz, importance for the Lodz city and national energy industry.
+The technical part of the path focuses on the usage, transportation and importance of: coal, water/steam, air (oxygen), and the use and importance of the various components of a power station / cogeneration station in the production of heat and power.
+In addition, the potential of using other fossil fuels is mentioned and a model for a nuclear power plant is presented in the subject of conventional energy. In the alternative energy topic, models of a geothermal power plant, a pumped storage power plant, a photovoltaic system, and a wind turbine blade are presented and discussed.
+Development of knowledge and civilization - The interactive path presents some of experiments, discoveries and inventions that were the milestones in the development of mankind incl. simple machines, electromagnetic radiation.
+Microworld - Macroworld presents a visual and conceptual journey across scales, depicting objects ranging from the microscopic to the largest structures in the universe 
+
+
+=== National Centre for Film Culture ===
+In October 2023, a new film center known as the National Centre for Film Culture (NCKF) officially opened in EC1. The complex includes sound, post-production, animation and special effects studios. The Kino Polonia main exhibition is devoted to showcasing the 120-year history of Polish film and presents the largest ever collection related to the domestic movie industry.
+
+
+== See also ==
+List of science centers
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easiness_effect-0.md

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+---
+title: "Easiness effect"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easiness_effect"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:16:36.324111+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The easiness effect is the claim that as a result of science popularization laypeople develop an overconfident scientific understanding. This results in science-related decision-making that reflects a misunderstanding of popular science rather than the judgment of professional scientists.
+
+
+== Context ==
+Rainer Bromme and Susan Goldman, writing in the Educational Psychologist describe the context, stating: "Challenges to understanding science include determining the relevance of information, the tentativeness of scientific truth, distinguishing between scientific and nonscientific issues, and determining what is true and what is false."
+Scotty Hendricks, a contributing writer to BigThink.com, notes that popular science writers might have to start considering the effect that their work has on the general public.
+
+
+== Evidence ==
+Scharrer and her co-authors studied the claimed effect by inviting laypeople to read popular science articles or articles with more scientific detail, publishing their results in Public Understanding of Science. The subjects were then interviewed to judge their scientific opinions and confidence in those opinions, in relation to the material that they had read. Scharrer's team inferred that there was a statistically significant effect of scientific overconfidence and willingness to override expert opinion.
+In some of their experiments, Scharrer's team attempted to counteract the easiness effect by explicitly warning subjects of the complexity and controversiality of the scientific material presented. They found that the easiness effect disappeared partially but not completely. The researchers suggest that it has to do mostly with writing style. Popular articles condense the science and speak with certainty whereas an academic paper speaks mostly in terms of probability. Hence reading mostly popularizations leads to overconfidence in the results.
+
+
+== Countermeasures ==
+Scharrer and her co-authors recommended "explicitly highlighting topic complexity and controversiality" in order to reduce the easiness effect, and additionally
+recommended "a need for further educating the public on the division of cognitive labor and its implications for making judgments" and adding to formal science education the notion that "making reliable judgments often requires deference to scientific experts".
+
+
+== Commentary ==
+Mark Carnall of The Guardian said that the expanded access that laypeople have to simplified explanations of scientific facts may be the cause of their rising distrust in experts. The partial understanding they get from the "easy-to-digest science stories" from the media and bad science communication would give them confidence to reject the actual claims that scientists make.  He expresses the concern that "alternative facts" exploit this effect to confuse what scientific facts really are and highlights the importance of critical thinking skills to counter this phenomenon.
+
+
+== See also ==
+Dumbing down
+Pseudoscience
+Dunning-Kruger effect
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Bromme, Rainer; Thomm, Eva (January 2016). "Knowing Who Knows: Laypersons' Capabilities to Judge Experts' Pertinence for Science Topics". Cognitive Science. 40 (1): 241–252. doi:10.1111/cogs.12252.
+Kimmerle, Joachim; Flemming, Danny; Feinkohl, Insa; Cress, Ulrike (12 November 2014). "How Laypeople Understand the Tentativeness of Medical Research News in the Media". Science Communication. 37 (2): 173–189. doi:10.1177/1075547014556541.
+Scharrer, Lisa (2013). Why Ask an Expert if it's that Simple? The Easiness Effect of Science Popularization (Ph.D thesis). Münster: Westfälische Wilhelms-University. OCLC 881617096.

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_of_Nature-0.md

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+---
+title: "Festival of Nature"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_of_Nature"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:16:38.753807+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+The Festival of Nature is an annual science festival in the UK which describes itself as the UK's largest free celebration of the natural world. The festival takes place in June across Bristol, and Bath. Featuring events, including lectures, tours and film screenings on subjects of science, natural history and the environment.
+The festival, run by Natural History Consortium, has taken place across the region since 2003.
+Historically, the festival has held events at, We The Curious, Bristol Museum & Art Gallery, Bristol Zoo, the University of Bristol and the University of the West of England, though there are many other events across the cities, such as at Blaise Castle Estate and Leigh Woods National Nature Reserve.
+Notable past speakers include broadcasters David Attenborough and David Bellamy, geneticist Steve Jones and primatologist Jane Goodall.
+The Natural History Consortium also organises 'Communicate', a conference of scientists, environmentalists, broadcasters and journalists, who meet to discuss the issue of communicating conservation issues to the public, as well at the UK's BioBlitz network.
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Festival of Nature

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontiers_for_Young_Minds-0.md

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+---
+title: "Frontiers for Young Minds"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontiers_for_Young_Minds"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:16:39.983623+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+Frontiers for Young Minds is an open-access academic journal that publishes articles "edited by kids for kids". Robert T. Knight launched the journal at a 2013 Society for Neuroscience conference. It is published by Frontiers Media.
+The journal covers STEM research and allows young scientists, from ages 8 to 15 years old, to participate in the publishing process (not as authors). It has won awards for its review process, easy-to-navigate website, informative visual aids including colorful cartoons, and kid-friendly, accessible writing.
+
+
+== Editorial structure ==
+
+
+=== Editorial process ===
+Established scientists write kid-friendly articles on either core concepts or new discoveries in their fields. To make the scientific research comprehensible for the journal's late elementary and middle school audiences, the articles rely heavily on key words and glossary sections for scientific nomenclature.
+After the submission passes a preliminary evaluation by an adult editor, subsequently school-aged children decide whether the articles should be published. Alongside a science mentor, a student from the 3rd to 10th grade reviews the articles and provides feedback about the papers' clarity and accessibility. Then, the original writers, science mentors, and adult editors collaborate to revise the article based on the children's comments.
+According to the journal's founders Sabine Kastner and Robert T. Knight, the goal of this process is to expose young children to a wide range of current scientific endeavors, the scientific method and procedures, and the review process of scientific articles.
+
+
+=== Editors-in-chief ===
+Robert T. Knight (University of California, Berkeley), 2013–present
+Idan Segev (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), ?–present
+
+
+== Awards and nominations ==
+American Library Association's 2014 Great Websites for Kids
+Society for Neuroscience's 2019 Award for Education in Neuroscience
+
+
+== References ==
+
+
+== External links ==
+Official website
+Frontiers for Young Minds blog on the Scientific American's website

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hype_in_science-0.md

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+---
+title: "Hype in science"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hype_in_science"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:16:41.203579+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+In science communication and academic publishing, hype in science is the exaggeration and sensationalism of scientific discoveries when submitting discoveries to scientific journals and when publicizing results in the news media.
+Hype in science has been seen to come as a result of scientists working in an increasingly competitive field where the discoveries published by an individual have large ramifications on that individual’s income and career path. In order to make their work stand out, many scientists will exaggerate their findings and embezzle their writing with affirmative terms. Many studies have been completed that show how the frequency of terms that may be used to affirm or exaggerate findings has increased in recent decades as academia and the competitiveness of science journals increases as well.
+Scientific journals engage in hype in science as well as the scientists. Journals are more likely to publish articles which use more exciting and positive language. These articles are what get the non-scientific general public interested, and therefore are contenders for press releases and articles in mainstream news outlets.
+
+
+== Sources of hype ==
+
+Hype in science occurs at every level of scientific publication. The objectives at each level are mostly the same, but the methods and audience differ.
+
+
+=== Scientists ===
+To gain a competitive advantage against their peers, it has become common practice for scientists to exaggerate their findings, or more commonly, the ramifications of their findings. It is becoming increasingly difficult for scientists to have their work published in journals, which provides the motivation for exaggerating their findings.
+
+
+=== Journals ===
+Along with scientists, scientific journals operate in a competitive environment. Journals are more likely to select articles which present more innovative and groundbreaking discoveries, even if those discoveries are often exaggerated to the point of falsification.
+
+
+=== Mainstream news ===
+Mainstream news media will often utilize attention-grabbing headlines, including new scientific findings, as a way to gain viewership from the general public. This leads to the sensationalism of science to the public, as well as an eventual distrust in the scientific community as the realization occurs that many scientific discoveries are exaggerated.
+
+
+== Effects ==
+
+Hype in science is problematic for a number of reasons. First off, any false reporting of science can lead to a misinformed public that is free to make decisions based on falsified findings and fake science. Additionally, the public becomes gradually less trusting of scientific publications as more articles are published which are not accurate about their findings and are perceived to pull on the attention of readers without actually delivering on the benefits. This alienates the reader, and thus, the general public, from the scientific community as a whole. 
+
+
+== References ==

data/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I'm_a_Scientist,_Get_me_out_of_here!-0.md

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+---
+title: "I'm a Scientist, Get me out of here!"
+chunk: 1/1
+source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I'm_a_Scientist,_Get_me_out_of_here!"
+category: "reference"
+tags: "science, encyclopedia"
+date_saved: "2026-05-05T04:16:42.434408+00:00"
+instance: "kb-cron"
+---
+
+I'm a Scientist, Get me out of here! is an online science enrichment activity that runs throughout term-time in the UK. School students interact with scientists in text-based live chats in themed 'Zones'. At the end of the event the school students vote for their favourite scientist and the winner is awarded prize money to support further science communication.
+
+
+== Background ==
+Pilots for I'm a Scientist, Get me out of here began in 2008, and were well received by school students and teachers. It was founded by Shane McCracken of Gallomanor Communications. The activity is divided into several zones, which focus on either general science or a specific industry. The funding for each zone is provided by an associated learned society, organisation or industry. Prior to 2020, the competition format was similar to The X Factor, and school students vote for the winner based on answers they receive to their questions submitted online and in live, text-based chats with the scientists. During the COVID-19 pandemic, I’m a Scientist became an 'on demand' activity with Zones lasting longer, and scientists staying until the end of each Zone. Participating scientists are given an opportunity to develop their communication skills whilst school students and teachers benefit from contact time with a real-life, practising scientist. The competition is also run for engineers, geoscientists, medics and astronauts, and many more.
+The activity takes place annually in the UK, Ireland and Spain. It has also run in previous years in the United States, Malaysia, Kenya, Vietnam, Germany and Australia.
+
+
+== Winners ==
+
+
+=== I'm a Scientist (UK) ===
+Source:
+
+
+==== Winners 2010 – 2014 ====
+
+
+==== Winners 2015 – 2019 ====
+
+
+==== Winners 2020 – 2026 ====
+
+
+=== I'm in Space (UK) ===
+Winners 2022 - 
+
+
+=== I'm an Engineer (UK) ===
+Source:
+
+
+==== Winners 2012 – 2016 ====
+
+
+==== Winners 2017 – 2021 ====
+
+Winners 2022 - 2025
+
+
+=== I'm a Medic (UK) ===
+Source:
+
+
+=== I'm a Scientist (Ireland) ===
+Source:
+
+
+==== Winners 2012 – 2016 ====
+
+
+==== Winners 2017 – 2021 ====
+
+Winners 2022 - 2024  
+
+
+=== I'm an Engineer (Ireland) ===
+Source:
+Winners 2014 – 2017
+
+
+==== Winners 2018 – 2022 ====
+
+
+=== I'm a Geoscientist (Europe) ===
+Source:
+
+Anna Rabitti
+Andreas Rudersdorf
+
+
+=== I'm a Mathematician (UK) ===
+Sarah Brown
+Amy Mason (2024/25)
+
+
+=== I'm a Mathematician (Ireland) ===
+Daniel McAleese
+Badal Mondal (2024)
+
+
+=== I'm a Scientist (USA) ===
+Amelia Grose
+Srishti Baid
+
+
+=== I'm a Computer Scientist (UK) ===
+Henry Duke (2024/25)
+
+
+== References ==